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Saddam Hussein
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{{Infobox Officeholder
| name =Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti<br />{{lang|ar|صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي}}
| image =
| imagesize =200px
| smallimage =
| caption =
| order =5th
| office =President of Iraq
| term_start =July 16, 1979
| term_end =April 9, 2003
| primeminister =Himself (twice)<br />[[Sa'dun Hammadi]]<br />[[Mohammed Amza Zubeidi]]<br />[[Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai]]
| predecessor =[[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]]
| successor =Deposed; [[Coalition Provisional Authority]]
| order2 =57th & 61st [[Prime Minister of Iraq]]<br /><small>11th & 15th Prime Minister of the Republic of Iraq</small>
| term_start2 =[[July 16]], [[1979]]
| term_end2 =[[March 23]], [[1991]]<br />[[May 29]], [[1994]] – [[April 9]], [[2003]]
| president2 =Himself
| predecessor2 =[[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]]<br />[[Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai]]
| successor2 =[[Sa'dun Hammadi]]<br />Deposed; [[Ayad Allawi]]
| birth_date =April 28, 1937
| birth_place =[[Al-Awja]], [[Iraq]]
| death_date =December 30, 2006 (aged 69)
| death_place =[[Kadhimiya]], [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]]
| nationality =
| party =[[Baath Party]]
| spouse =[[Sajida Talfah]]
| relations =
| children =5
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| net worth =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion =[[Islam]] ([[Sunni]])
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti''' ([[April 28]], [[1937]] – [[December 30]], [[2006]]) ni Aare ile [[Irak]] lati [[July 16]], [[1979]] titi de [[April 9]], [[2003]].
{{ekunrere}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{igbesiaye|1937|2006|Hussein, Saddam}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn ará Ìrák]]
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Bratislava
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{{Geobox|Settlement
|name = Bratislava
|native_name =
|category = City
|etymology =
|official_name =
|motto =
|nickname = Beauty on the Danube, Little Big City
|image = Bratislava Panorama R01.jpg
|image_caption = Bratislava's [[Old Town, Bratislava|Old Town]]
|flag = Flag of Bratislava.svg
|symbol = Coat of Arms of Bratislava.svg
|symbol_type = Coat of arms
|country = Slovakia
|country_flag = true
|state =
|region = [[Bratislava Region|Bratislava]]
|district =
|municipality =
|part_type = Districts
|part_fold =
|part = Bratislava I
|part1 = [[Bratislava II|II]]
|part2 = [[Bratislava III|III]]
|part3 = [[Bratislava IV|IV]]
|part4 = [[Bratislava V|V]]
|landmark =
|river = [[Danube]]
|river1 = [[Morava River|Morava]]
|river2 = [[Little Danube]]
|location =
|elevation = 134
|prominence =
|lat_d=48 |lat_m=08 |lat_s=38 |lat_NS=N
|long_d=17 |long_m=06 |long_s=35 |long_EW=E
|highest = Devínska Kobyla
|highest_location =
|highest_region =
|highest_state =
|highest_elevation = 514
|highest_lat_d= |highest_lat_m= |highest_lat_s= |highest_lat_NS=
|highest_long_d= |highest_long_m= |highest_long_s= |highest_long_EW=
|lowest = Danube River
|lowest_location =
|lowest_region =
|lowest_state =
|lowest_elevation = 126
|lowest_lat_d= |lowest_lat_m= |lowest_lat_s= |lowest_lat_NS=
|lowest_long_d= |lowest_long_m= |lowest_long_s= |lowest_long_EW=
|length =
|length_orientation =
|width =
|width_orientation =
|area = 367.584
|area_land =
|area_water =
|area_urban = 853.15
|area_metro = 2053
|population = 428791
|population_date = [[2008-12-31]]
|population_urban = 546300
|population_metro = 616578
|population_density = auto
|population_density_urban = auto
|population_density_metro = auto
|established = 907
|established_type = First mentioned
|government = City council
|government_location =
|government_region =
|government_state =
|government_elevation =
|government_lat_d= |government_lat_m= |government_lat_s= |government_lat_NS=
|government_long_d= |government_long_m= |government_long_s= |government_long_EW=
|mayor = [[Milan Ftáčnik]]
|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|postal_code = 8XX XX
|area_code = 421-2
|area_code_type = Phone prefix
|code = BA
|code_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of Slovakia|Car plate]]
|whs_name =
|whs_year =
|whs_number =
|whs_region =
|whs_criteria =
|iucn_category =
|map = Slovakia - outline map.svg
|map_caption = Location in Slovakia
|map_background = Slovakia - background map.png
|map_locator = Slovakia
|map1 = Bratislava Region - outline map.svg
|map1_caption = Location in the Bratislava Region
|map1_background = Bratislava Region - background map.png
|map1_locator = Bratislava Region
|map1_size = 128
|commons = Bratislava
|statistics = [http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/prvav2.jsp?txtUroven=410190&lstObec=582000&Okruh=sodb MOŠ/MIS]
|website = [http://www.bratislava.sk/en bratislava.sk]
|footnotes =
}}
{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{oluilu europe}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olúìlú ní Europe]]
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Kabiné Komara
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{{Infobox Officeholder
|name = Kabiné Komara
|office = [[w:Heads of government of Guinea|Prime Minister of Guinea]]
|image = H.E. Mr. Kabine Komara, Former Prime Minister, Guinea (6139809023).jpg
|president = [[Moussa Dadis Camara]]<br>[[Sékouba Konaté]] <small>(Acting)</small>
|term_start = 30 December 2008
|term_end = <!-- January 2010 -->
|predecessor = [[Ahmed Tidiane Souaré]]
|successor = [[Jean-Marie Doré]] <small>(Designate)</small>
|birth_date = 1950
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|alma_mater = [[HEC Paris]]<br>[[University of Colorado at Boulder]]<br>[[École supérieure de commerce de Rennes|ESC Rennes School of Business]]<br>[[American University in Cairo]]
}}
'''Kabiné Komara''' (ojoibi 1950)<ref name=aminata30dec>[http://www.aminata.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3866&Itemid=44 Qui est Kabinè Komara?]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Mamadou Saliou Diallo, Conakry, aminata.com. 30 December 2008.</ref> (won tun pe oruko lorisirisi ona bayi '''Kabinet''', '''Kabineh''', '''Kabinè''')
<ref>[http://www.kibarou.com/actu1.php?id=2264 Kabinet Komara est nommé premier ministre de Guinée] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101004154/http://www.kibarou.com/actu1.php?id=2264 |date=2009-01-01 }}. Kibarou.com, 30 December 2008, 10:27.</ref><ref name=xinhua30dec>[http://www.jeuneafrique.com/article.php?idarticle=DEPXXIJ20081230T184955 La junte guinéenne désigne un banquier au poste de Premier ministre]. XINHUA, Tuesday 30 December 2008.</ref> is je Alakoso Agba orile-ede [[Guinea]].
Ijọba ti ọdun 2021
Ni Oṣu Kẹwa ọdun 2021, Kabiné Komara mu atilẹyin rẹ wa si ijọba ijọba ti o ṣe ikọlu ijọba ni Guinea.
{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
{{GuineaPMs}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Komara Kabiné}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1950]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ará Guinea]]
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Agbádá
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'''Agbádá''' jẹ́ ẹ̀wù ńlá àti fífẹ̀ ti ìbílẹ̀ tí àwọn [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]] máa ń wọ̀ kárí Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà. Ó máa ń ní ẹ̀wù abẹ́nú tí gígùn rẹ̀ yàtọ̀ síra, ó sì tún máa ń wá pẹ̀lú aṣọ abẹ́rù (ìwọ̀-sísàlẹ̀) tí ó jẹ́ ṣòkòtò ìbílẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní [[Ṣokoto|ṣòkòtò]]. Wọ́n tún sábà máa ń wọ̀ ọ́ pẹ̀lú oríṣiríṣi fìlà bíi [[Fila (hat)|fìlà]] tàbí [[wikt:abeti_aja|abetí-ajá]]. Wọ́n sábà máa ń wọ̀ ọ́ pẹ̀lú ìlẹ̀kẹ̀ ìbílẹ̀ àwọn [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]]. Agbádá jẹ́ aṣọ tí àwọn ọkùnrin sábà máa ń wọ̀ fún àwọn ayẹyẹ àkànṣe tàbí fún ìgbésíayé ojoojúmọ́, èyí sinmi lórí bí aṣọ náà ṣe rí tàbí bí wọ́n ṣe ṣe ẹ̀ṣọ́ sí i tó. Ó jẹ́ ẹ̀wù tó ṣàrà ọ̀tọ̀ tó ń wá ní onírúurú sítaìlì àti àwòrán.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Anokam|first=Stella|date=2016-07-15|title=Latest Agbada Styles with Embroidery Designs for Men (2022)|url=https://naijaglamwedding.com/latest-agbada-styles-designs-men/|access-date=2023-09-25|website=NaijaGlamWedding|language=en-US}}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ Agbádá ni wọ́n fi aṣọ [[Aso oke|aṣọ òkè]] tàbí aṣọ òfì rán, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n lè fi àwọn irúfẹ́ aṣọ mìíràn rán an pẹ̀lú, nínú èyí tí [[Adire (textile art)|àdìrẹ]] wà. Agbádá yàtọ̀ sí [[Boubou (clothing)|boubou]] (babanriga) yàtọ̀ sí pípapọ̀ díẹ̀ tí wọ́n jọ ara wọn. Wọ́n yàtọ̀ nínú ìrísí, sítaìlì, ìdá, aṣọ àti àwọn ohun-èlò tí wọ́n fi ń ṣe é, wọ́n sì jẹ́ èyí tí a lè dá mọ̀ yàtọ̀ sí èkejì. Agbádá sábà máa ń ní [[Embroidery|iṣẹ́ ọnà rírán]] ti ìbílẹ̀ Yorùbá pẹ̀lú [[Solomon's knot|kókó-ìbílẹ̀]] (Grand knot) tó jẹ́ ti àṣà Yorùbá lópọ̀ ìgbà. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, Agbádá máa ń ní apá kúkúrú tí wọ́n ká sókè tí wọ́n sì máa ń wọ̀ pẹ̀lú oríṣiríṣi sítaìlì ṣòkòtò. Agbádá jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn aṣọ ọkùnrin Yorùbá, pẹ̀lú àwọn mìíràn bíi Gbárìyẹ̀, [[Pakaja|Pàkàjà]], Sùlíà, Ọ̀yàlà, àti Kẹ́mbẹ́.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lawal|first=Babatunde|title=Agbada Clothing|url=https://www.lovetoknow.com/life/style/agbada-clothing|access-date=2023-09-25|website=LoveToKnow|language=en|archive-date=2023-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925171128/https://www.lovetoknow.com/life/style/agbada-clothing|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Gbárìyẹ̀ jọ Agbádá ní ìrísí, wọ́n sì sábà máa ń kà á mọ́ irúfẹ́ Agbádá kan.
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àṣà Yorùbá]]
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Curaçao
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{{Infobox Country
| native_name = ''Eilandgebied Curaçao<br />Teritorio Insular di Kòrsou''
| conventional_long_name = Erekusu Ileagbegbe Curaçao<br />Island Territory of Curaçao
| common_name = Curaçao
| image_flag = Flag of Curaçao.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Curaçao.svg
| image_map = Curacao in its region.svg
| national_anthem = [[Himno di Kòrsou]]
| official_languages = [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Papiamentu]], [[English language|English]] and Spanish
| government_type = ''See [[Politics of the Netherlands Antilles]]''
| leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|Monarch]]
| leader_name1 = [[King]] [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands]]
| leader_title2 = [[Governor of Curaçao|Govenor]]
| leader_name2 = [[Lucille George-Wout]]
| leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Curaçao|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name3 = [[Eugene Rhuggenaath]]
| sovereignty_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]]
|sovereignty_note = <small>part of the [[Netherlands Antilles]]</small>
| capital = [[Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles|Willemstad]]
| largest_city = [[Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles|Willemstad]]
| area_magnitude = 1_E12
| area_km2 = 444
| area_sq_mi = 171.4
| population_census = 141,766
| population_census_year = 2009
| population_density_km2 = 319
| population_density_sq_mi = 821
| population_density_rank = ranked as part of N. A. |
| GDP = US$ 2.500 million
| GDP_per_cápita = US$ 18.000
| HDI_index = ± 0.890
| utc_offset = -4
| time_zone = -4
| latd=12|latm=7|latNS=N|longd=68|longm=56|longEW=W
| currency = [[Netherlands Antillean guilder]]
| currency_code = ANG
| drives_on = right
| GDP_per_capita = US$ 18.000 (2007)
| HDI_index = 0.890
| cctld = [[.an]]
| calling_code = 599
}}
[[Fáìlì:The_colorful_buildings_of_the_Handelskade_in_Willemstad,_Curaçao.jpg|left|thumb|Handelskade in Willemstad, Curaçao]]
'''Curaçao''' ({{pron-en|ˈkjʊərəsaʊ}}; {{lang-nl|Curaçao}}, [[Papiamentu]]: ''Kòrsou'') je [[island|erekusu]] ni apaguusu [[Caribbean Sea|Omi-okun Karibeani]], nitosi etiomi [[Venezuela]]. '''Erekusu Ileagbegbe Curaçao'''<ref>English name used by government of Curaçao and Government of Netherlands Antilles (English is official language of Netherlands Antilles and Island Territory of Curaçao)</ref> (Dutch: ''Eilandgebied Curaçao'', Papiamentu: ''Teritorio Insular di Kòrsou''), to lamupo mo erekusu gbangba na ati ereku [[Klein Curaçao]] ("Curaçao Kekere"), je ikan ninu awon [[list of islands of the Netherlands Antilles|erekusu ileagbegbe]] [[Netherlands Antilles]], nipa bayi o je apa kan [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Ileoba awon Nedalandi]]. Oluilu re ni [[Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles|Willemstad]].
{{Coord|12|11|N|69|00|W|type:isle|display=title}}
{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
== Itokasi ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Island territories of the Netherlands Antilles}}
{{Outlying territories of European countries}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Ilẹ̀ọba àwọn Nẹ́dálándì]]
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Guadalupe Victoria
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{{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=[[The Most Excellent]]|name=Guadalupe Victoria|image=Guadalupe_Victoria_-_02.jpg|imagesize=|caption=Portrait of Guadalupe Victoria by Carlos Paris|order=1st|office=President of Mexico|term_start=10 October 1824|term_end=31 March 1829|vicepresident=[[Nicolás Bravo]] (1824-1827), vacant (1827-1829){{efn|[[Nicolás Bravo]] revolted against Victoria in 1827, but was captured. He was removed from the vice presidency and exiled, and the position was left vacant until the election of 1829, wherein [[Anastasio Bustamante]] replaced him.}}|predecessor=Office established, [[Provisional Government]] (as governing body of Mexico)|successor=[[Vicente Guerrero]]|office1=[[Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–24)|President of the Supreme Executive Power]]|term_start1=1 July 1824|term_end1=31 July 1824|predecessor1=[[Vicente Guerrero]]|successor1=[[Nicolás Bravo]]|office2=[[Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–24)|Member of the Supreme Executive Power]]|alongside2=[[Miguel Domínguez]]<br/>[[Vicente Guerrero]]<br/>[[Nicolás Bravo]]<br/>[[Mariano Michelena]]<br/>[[Pedro Celestino Negrete]]|term_start2=30 July 1834|term_end2=10 October 1835|office3=[[Governor of Puebla]]|term_start3=31 March 1834|term_end3=13 December 1836|predecessor3=Patricio Furlong|successor3=Cosme Furlong|birth_name=José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix|birth_date=29 September 1786|birth_place=[[Tamazula de Victoria|Tamazula]], [[Nueva Vizcaya, New Spain|Nueva Vizcaya]], [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]]<br/>(now [[Durango]], Mexico)|death_date=21 March 1843 (aged 56)|death_place=[[San Carlos Fortress]], [[Perote, Veracruz|Perote]], [[Veracruz]], [[Centralist Republic of Mexico|Mexico]]|restingplace=[[Angel of Independence|Column of Independence]]|nationality={{flagdeco|Mexico|1821}} Mexican<br />{{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[New Spain]] {{small|(prior to 1821)}}|party=[[Independent party]]|spouse={{marriage|[[María Antonia Bretón]]|1817}}|children=|relatives=[[Francisco Victoria]] (brother)|alma_mater=[[San Ildefonso College]]|occupation=Lawyer<br /> Soldier ([[General officer|General]])|signature=Firma Guadalupe Victoria.PNG|signature_alt=Cursive signature in ink}}'''Guadalupe Victoria''' (29 September 1786- 21 March 1843),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Famous People of Mexico|url=http://www.buzzle.com/articles/famous-people-of-mexico.html|publisher=Buzzle|access-date=3 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011130817/https://www.buzzle.com/articles/famous-people-of-mexico.html|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Today in History for 29th September 1786|date=29 September 1786|url=http://www.historyorb.com/date/1786/september/29|publisher=History Orb|access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref> tí orúkọ àbísọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ '''José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix''',<ref name="GPE">{{Cite web|title=Victoria, Guadalupe (José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix|url=http://bicentenario.com.mx/?p=831&cp=2#comment-9061|publisher=Tu Bicentenario|access-date=3 October 2010|language=es}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> jẹ́ ológun ilẹ̀ Mexico nígbà kan rí, tó sì jagun fún Mexico lásìkò ìgbòmìnira wọn. Wọ́n fi jẹ ààrẹ ìlú Mexico àkọ́kọ́.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coahuila y Durango también forjaron la patria mexicana|date=14 September 2010|url=http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/557923.html|publisher=El Siglo de Torreón|access-date=3 October 2010|language=es|archive-date=22 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122083521/https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/557923.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí==
{{reflist}}
{{Presidents of Mexico}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn Ààrẹ ilẹ̀ Mẹ́ksíkò]]
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Àdàkọ:Country data Kingdom of Italy
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{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
| shortname alias = Italy
| flag alias = Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg
| flag alias-civil = Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg
| link alias-naval = Regia Marina
| link alias-air force = Regia Aeronautica
| flag alias-army = Flag of the Royal Italian Army.svg
| link alias-army = Royal Italian Army
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
<noinclude>
| templatename = Kingdom of Italy
| var1 = civil
| related1 = Italy
| related2 = Napoleonic Italy
</noinclude>
}}<noinclude>
</noinclude>
tm8pke1v4nbwrxa9h1z8hlkp59o9f3q
Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the Pan-African Parliament
2
66609
622430
622144
2026-06-16T06:52:00Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622430
wikitext
text/x-wiki
This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Pan-African Parliament who was a member twice does not show twice.
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q30277603 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q30277603/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q30277603/P580:Start date,P39/Q30277603/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| [[John Dramani Mahama]]
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:John Mahama in Yokohama (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58186|Phandu Skelemani]]''
|
| [[Bòtswánà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Phandu Skelemani 2014.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58260|Arvin Boolell]]''
|
| [[Mọ́rísì]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Arvin Boolell, 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q178176|Abraham Ossei Aidooh]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem]]
|
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem (1980).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye]]
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q455223|Gertrude Mongella]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| 2004
|
| [[Fáìlì:Gertrude Mongella crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q722327|Bénéwendé Stanislas Sankara]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Bénéwendé Stanislas Sankara - 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q781111|Austin Liato]]''
|
| [[Zambia|Sámbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q804894|Baleka Mbete]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Baleka Mbete.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q864065|Bintanding Jarju]]''
|
| [[Gámbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q967740|Aden Robleh Awaleh]]''
|
| [[Djìbútì]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Aden Robleh Awaleh in 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1390067|Fabakary Jatta]]''
|
| [[Gámbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1524043|Gilbert Noël Ouédraogo]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1525179|Kalifa Kambi]]''
|
| [[Gámbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1860273|Monir Fakhri Abdelnur]]''
|
| [[Ìjíptì|Ẹ́gíptì]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mounir Fakhry Abdel Nour Senate of Poland.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1949199|Moses Muteteka]]''
|
| [[Zambia|Sámbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2074457|Peter Daka]]''
|
| [[Zambia|Sámbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2522820|Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba]]''
|
| [[Tógò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2646607|Malik Al-Hassan Yakubu]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:2477970261 Gertrude Mongella.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821497|Abel Epalanga Chivukuvuku]]''
|
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Abel Chivukuvuku 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2827005|Agnès Mukabaranga]]''
|
| [[Rwanda|Rùwándà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mukabaranga Agnes.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2843389|Aminata Mbengue Ndiaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Aminata Mbengue Ndiaye.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3125967|Halifa Sallah]]''
|
| [[Gámbíà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Halifa Sallah 2016.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3318398|Mohamed Bazoum]]''
|
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mohamed Bazoum at the European Commission - P060245-844068 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3326057|Mountaga Tall]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3407786|Prosper Higiro]]''
|
| [[Rwanda|Rùwándà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3474839|Saida Agrebi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[Tunisia|Tùnísíà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Saida Agrebi (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3847967|Idriss Ndele Moussa]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664734|Abdel Ahad Gamal El Din]]''
|
| [[Ìjíptì|Ẹ́gíptì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665198|Abdu Katuntu]]''
|
| [[Uganda|Ùgándà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Abdul-Katuntu1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665885|Abdulla Edriss Ebrahim]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4670269|Abu Mbawa Kongobah]]''
|
| [[Siẹrra Léònè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4683147|Adjaratou Abdoulaye]]''
|
| [[Tógò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4695917|Ahmed Mohamed Hassan]]''
|
| [[Djìbútì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4738971|Ama Benyiwa-Doe]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4739203|Amal Nuri Safar]]''
|
| [[Líbyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4739855|Amani W. A. Kabourou]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4749653|Améyo Adja]]''
|
| [[Tógò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4760021|André Obami Itou]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4768083|Anne-Marie Goumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àrin Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4803981|Ascofare Oulematou Tamboura]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4815692|Athumani Saidi Mwinshehe Janguo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4821112|Augustin Iyamuremye]]''
|
| [[Rwanda|Rùwándà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4837318|Baba Jigida]]''
|
| [[Siẹrra Léònè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4841119|Badreddine Missaoui]]''
|
| [[Tunisia|Tùnísíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4885218|Ben Amathila]]''
|
| [[Namibia|Nàmíbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4896329|Besnat Jere]]''
|
| [[Zambia|Sámbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4949361|Boudina Mostefa]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4979540|Rosine Soglo]]''
| Oloṣelu Benin (1934-2021)
| [[Benin]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Rosine Vieyra Soglo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5022768|Callista Chimombo]]''
|
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2004
|
| [[Fáìlì:Callista Chimombo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5073688|Chara Bachir]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5082459|Charles Shanyurai Majange]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5186053|Crispin Shumina]]''
|
| [[Zambia|Sámbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Danboyi Usman]]
| Olóṣèlú Naijiria
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sen- Saleh Usman Danboyi 2014-03-08 22-17.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5227869|Dauda Kamara]]''
|
| [[Siẹrra Léònè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5290428|Domingos Manuel Njinga]]''
|
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5305823|Draoui Mohamed]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5340644|Eduardo Joaquim Mulémbwè]]''
|
| [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5347539|Efigênia dos Santos Lima Clemente]]''
|
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5364520|Ella Kamanya]]''
|
| [[Namibia|Nàmíbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5371550|Emile Diatta]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5379334|Enoch Teye Mensah]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5399952|Elie Victor Essomba Tsoungui]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5415197|Eva Verona Teixeira Ortet]]''
|
| [[Kepu Ferde (Cape Verde)|Kepu Ferde]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5437837|Fatima Hajaig]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5645794|Hammi Larouissi]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5680106|Hassoumi Massoudou]]''
|
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Hassoumi Massoudou.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5745625|Heshmat Fahmi]]''
|
| [[Ìjíptì|Ẹ́gíptì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5984382|Ibra Diouf]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5997394|Rodwell Munyenyembe]]''
|
| [[Màláwì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6003530|Imbia Sylvester Itoe]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6019041|Paul Temba Nyathi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6077711|Isabel Nkavadeka]]''
|
| [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6110703|Jachan Mandir Omach]]''
|
| [[Uganda|Ùgándà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6168959|Jean-Baptiste Manwangari]]''
|
| [[Bùrúndì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6168974|Jean-Baptiste Nouganga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àrin Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169165|Jean-Claude Siapa Ivouloungou]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169634|Jean-Marie Mokole]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àrin Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6182886|Jerome Chabi Sacca Kina Guézéré]]''
|
| [[Benin]]
| 2004
| 2005
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6185640|Jerónimo Elavoko Wanga]]''
|
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6276249|Joram Gumbo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6292303|José Gabriel Manteigas]]''
|
| [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6293010|José Manuel Gomes Andrade]]''
|
| [[Kepu Ferde (Cape Verde)|Kepu Ferde]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6298027|João Baptista Ferreira Medina]]''
|
| [[Kepu Ferde (Cape Verde)|Kepu Ferde]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6367491|Kara Baya]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6372549|Karlous Marx Shinohamba]]''
|
| [[Namibia|Nàmíbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6386988|Kemoh Sesay]]''
|
| [[Siẹrra Léònè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6400993|Khauhelo Deborah Raditapole]]''
|
| [[Lèsóthò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6488716|Larba Yarga]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Lee Maeba]]
| Olóṣèlú Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6686903|Louis Chimango]]''
|
| [[Màláwì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6689633|Loum N. Neloumsei Elise]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6689635|Loumonvi Fombo]]''
|
| [[Tógò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6692314|Loveness Gondwe]]''
|
| [[Màláwì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6707636|Lydia Katjita]]''
|
| [[Namibia|Nàmíbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[M. J. Mahlangu]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mninwa Johannes Mahlangu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6712755|M. K. Mubanga]]''
|
| [[Zambia|Sámbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6722501|Verónica Macamo]]''
|
| [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]]
| 2004
|
| [[Fáìlì:President of National Assembly, Veronica Macamo, at Maputo, in Mozambique (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6733019|Mahamane Saley]]''
|
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6742942|Malebaka Flory Bulane]]''
|
| [[Lèsóthò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745570|Mamdouh Hosny Khalil]]''
|
| [[Ìjíptì|Ẹ́gíptì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6760997|Maria Angelina Dique Enoque]]''
|
| [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6762725|Marie-ThérèseToyi]]''
|
| [[Bùrúndì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6762735|Marie Agba-Otikpo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àrin Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6762766|Marie Blandine Sawadogo]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 2004
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6778573|Marwick Khumalo]]''
|
| [[Eswatini]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6787667|Matlapeng Ray Molomo]]''
|
| [[Bòtswánà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799571|Joseph Mbah Ndam]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Opposition lawmaker Joseph Mbah Ndam on the rostrum, in Yaounde, Cameroon, April 4, 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799647|Mbaydoum Simeon]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799739|Mbonda Elie]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6847499|Mike Kennedy Sebalu]]''
|
| [[Uganda|Ùgándà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6873258|Miria Matembe]]''
|
| [[Uganda|Ùgándà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Miria-Matembe.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6890948|Mohamed Abdoulkader Mohamed]]''
|
| [[Djìbútì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891477|Mohamed Salah Zaray]]''
|
| [[Tunisia|Tùnísíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891478|Mohamed Salama Badi]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mohamed Salama Badi 2019-01-29.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6893178|Mohammed Kumalia]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6893189|Mohammed Lutfi Farhat]]''
|
| [[Líbyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6893276|Mohammed Ragab Ahmad]]''
|
| [[Ìjíptì|Ẹ́gíptì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6893473|Mohammed el-Hadhiri]]''
|
| [[Líbyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6919199|Aïssata Mounkaïla]]''
|
| [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6926281|Moustapha Dicko]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6928258|Mphiwa Dlamini]]''
|
| [[Eswatini]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6936060|Munhawa Sousa Salvador]]''
|
| [[Mòsámbìkì|Mòsámbìk]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6949725|Mário José Carvalho de Lima]]''
|
| [[Kepu Ferde (Cape Verde)|Kepu Ferde]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6950074|Mélanie Komzo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6958826|Nagia Essayed]]''
|
| [[Líbyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Orlanda Maria Duarte Santos Ferreira]]
|
| [[Kepu Ferde (Cape Verde)|Kepu Ferde]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7103884|Orou Gabé Orou Sego]]''
|
| [[Benin]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110235|Oubkiri Marc Yao]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7116578|Oziel Hlalele Motaung]]''
|
| [[Lèsóthò]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Patrica Ndogu]]
| Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7155466|Paurina Mpariwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192146|Pierre Claver Nahimana]]''
|
| [[Bùrúndì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193770|Pilar Buepoyo Boseka]]''
|
| [[Guinea Alágedeméjì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7257109|Ptomsoouwé Batchassi]]''
|
| [[Tógò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7282795|Ragab Muftah Abudabus]]''
|
| [[Líbyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7311784|Remidus E. Kissassi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7313777|René Radembino Coniquet]]''
|
| [[Gàbọ̀n]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7365027|Ronald Koone Sebego]]''
|
| [[Bòtswánà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7399554|Sahbi Karoui]]''
|
| [[Tunisia|Tùnísíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7428343|Saviour Kasukuwere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Saviour Kasukuwere - 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7430888|Schadrack Niyonkuru]]''
|
| [[Bùrúndì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7492872|Sheik I. Kamara]]''
|
| [[Siẹrra Léònè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508826|Sidibé Korian Sidibé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7515068|Isabelle Manamourou Silikam]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7519957|Simon Vuwa Kaunda]]''
|
| [[Màláwì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7558266|Solitoki Esso]]''
|
| [[Tógò]]
| 2022-03
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7564454|Souleiman Miyir Ali]]''
|
| [[Djìbútì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7615016|Steven Malamba]]''
|
| [[Màláwì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7650988|Suzanne Vos]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7655840|Zwelethu Lukanyiso Madasa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7799883|Théophile Nata]]''
|
| [[Benin]]
| 2004
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7849929|Tsudao Gurirab]]''
|
| [[Namibia|Nàmíbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8008877|William Shija]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12667216|Ompie Nkumbula-Lieventhal]]''
|
| [[Zambia|Sámbíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16193066|Hasna Mohamed Dato]]''
|
| [[Djìbútì]]
| 2004
| 2009
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16474098|Thabang Nyeoe]]''
|
| [[Lèsóthò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727764|Loyce Biira Bwambale]]''
|
| [[Uganda|Ùgándà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16731171|Jalel Lakadar]]''
|
| [[Tunisia|Tùnísíà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16732593|Ngarindo Milengar]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733428|Letuka Nkole]]''
|
| [[Lèsóthò]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Shirley Iumeleng Tiny Segokgo]]
|
| [[Bòtswánà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16885575|Ismaël Tidjani Serpos]]''
|
| [[Benin]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19559941|Bethel Nnaemeka Amadi]]''
| Olóṣèlú
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21866844|Roger Nkodo Dang]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27517197|Su'ad al-Fatih al-Badawi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q124943|Kingdom of Egypt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3087763|Republic of Egypt]]''<br/>[[Sudan]]
| 2004
| 2008
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q93336956|Betty Okagua-Apiafi]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2007
| 2015
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110656156|Belco Samassékou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| 2014
| 2020
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124040168|Nehemiah Modubule]]''
|
| [[Bòtswánà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Nehemiah Modubule.png|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
g8wj2w80bbqbscw5mxbnmrtsjizzrz2
Oníṣe:GerardM/Presidents of Burkina Faso
2
66620
622409
619656
2026-06-16T00:18:56Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622409
wikitext
text/x-wiki
This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a President of Burkina Faso who was President twice does not show twice.
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q20995488 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q20995488/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q20995488/P580:Start date,P39/Q20995488/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| [[Blaise Compaoré]]
|
| [[Olómìnira Upper Volta]]<br/>[[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]<br/>[[Côte d'Ivoire]]
| 1987-10-15
| 2014-10-31
| [[Fáìlì:Blaise Compaoré.jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Thomas Sankara]]
|
| [[Olómìnira Upper Volta]]<br/>[[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 1983-08-04
| 1987-10-15
| [[Fáìlì:Thomas Sankara in Harlem (1984).png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Sangoulé Lamizana]]
|
| [[Olómìnira Upper Volta]]<br/>[[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 1966-01-03
| 1980-11-25
| [[Fáìlì:Sangoulé Lamizana 1971.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Saye Zerbo]]
|
| [[Olómìnira Upper Volta]]<br/>[[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 1980-11-25
| 1982-11-07
| [[Fáìlì:Saye Zerbo with U.S. ambassador (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo]]
|
| [[Olómìnira Upper Volta]]<br/>[[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]<br/>[[Fránsì]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo at book signing.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Roch Marc Christian Kaboré]]
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 2015-12-29
| 2022-01-24
| [[Fáìlì:Roch Marc Christian Kaboré (04-06-2018).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1627285|Honoré Traoré]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 2014-10-31
| 2014-11-01
| [[Fáìlì:General Honore Traore (Burkina Faso).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16105972|Michel Kafando]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 2014-11-18<br/>2015-09-23
| 2015-09-17<br/>2015-12-29
| [[Fáìlì:Michel Kafando - 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18402168|Yacouba Isaac Zida]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 2014-11-01
| 2014-11-18
| [[Fáìlì:Yacouba Isaac Zida 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19628964|Chérif Sy]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 2015-09-17
| 2015-09-23
| [[Fáìlì:Chérif Sy 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20978710|Gilbert Diendéré]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 2015-09-17
| 2015-09-23
| [[Fáìlì:Defense.gov photo essay 100501-F-3745E-012 cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110666454|Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 2022-01-24
| 2022-09-30
| [[Fáìlì:Le lieutenant-colonel Paul Henri Sandaogo Damiba, Ouagadougou le 27 janvier 2022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114341246|Ibrahim Traoré]]''
|
| [[Burkina Faso|Bùrkínà Fasò]]
| 2022-09-30
|
| [[Fáìlì:Capitaine Ibrahim Traoré.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
dvgt5eyjpslim0ammhrd7cf0vbe7436
Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2
66656
622429
622143
2026-06-16T06:18:09Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622429
wikitext
text/x-wiki
This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo who was a member twice does not show twice.
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295979 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21295979/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295979/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295979/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q178793|Lambert Mende Omalanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Lambert Mende - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Adolphe Muzito]]
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Adolphe Muzito - 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q586135|Pierre Pay-Pay wa Syakasighe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Pierrepaypay.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q767826|Augustin Katumba Mwanke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q978715|Moïse Katumbi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Moïse Katumbi en 2016.tiff|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q981106|Vital Kamerhe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Kamerhe.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2447445|Eugène Kabongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2824869|Adolphe Lumanu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2831294|Albert Kutekala Kaawa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2834659|Alexis Thambwe Mwamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Alexis Thambwe Mwamba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2839924|Alphonse Ngoy Kasanji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2019-02-13
|
| [[Fáìlì:Alphonse Ngoy Kasanji.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2849867|Angélique Milemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2853995|Antoine Ghonda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Antoine Ghonda, Homme politique congolais (RDC).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2868988|Athanase Matenda Kyelu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Athanase Matenda Kyelu, IMF 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2885955|Barthélemy Botswali Lengomo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2959880|Charles Mwando Simba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mwando Simba - Radio Okapi - 2010-06-25.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2966383|Christophe Mboso N'Kodia Pwanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2980757|Cléophas Kamitatu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cléophas Kamitatu, président de la province de Léopoldville, en 1960 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2982527|Colette Tshomba Ntundu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Colette Tshomba Ntundu 2022.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3002789|Crispin Atama Tabe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Crispin Atama Tabe - May 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3002793|Crispin Kalala Mpotoyi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3010091|Célestin Mbuyu Kabango]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Célestin Mbuyu (4127540001) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3014233|Daniel Kanza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3018535|David Nku Imbie]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3026832|Didace Pembe Bokiaga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Didace Pembe élu député National.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3027098|Didi Manara Linga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Excellence Manara.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3060173|Eugène Serufuli Ngayabaseka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Serufuli2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3084014|François Bokona Wiipa Bondjali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2012<br/>2006
| 2018<br/>2012
| [[Fáìlì:Bokona.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3085432|François Mwamba Tshishimbi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Francois-mwamba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3105752|Gilbert Kiakwama kia Kiziki]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:02 Gilbert Kiakwama (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3109704|Godefroid Mayobo Mpwene Ngantien]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3131683|Henri Mova Sakanyi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Henri mova sakanyi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3142062|Hubert Mbingho]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147857|Idesbald Petwe Kapande]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3163304|Jaynet Kabila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3167591|Jean-Marie Bulambo Kilosho]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3168626|Jean-Paul Nemoyato Begepole]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3172112|Jean François Ekofo Panzoko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3172896|Jean Kimbunda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3185698|N'Singa Udjuu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3186402|José Makila Sumanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3190458|Justin Kalumba Mwana Ngongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3196526|Kikaya Bin Karubi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Henry Bellingham met with the DRC Foreign Minister and the DRC Ambassador to the UK, (5117877428) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198483|Koloso Sumaili]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3219025|Laurent Batumona]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3240837|Liliane Pande Muaba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3263804|Louise Munga Mesozi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3271518|Leonard Mashako Mamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3280404|Maj Kisimba Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3280754|Maker Mwangu Famba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Maker Mwangu (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3291479|Marie-Ange Lukiana Mufwankolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Marie-Ange Lukiana 2 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3295341|Martin Bitijula Mahimba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3295417|Martin Fayulu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2011-11-28
| 2019-03-07
| [[Fáìlì:Martin Fayulu.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3295482|Martin Kabwelulu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3332426|Médard Autsai Asenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3343479|Norbert Basengezi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3351121|Olivier Kamitatu Etsu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Olivier Kamitatu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3421171|Raymond Tshibanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Raymond Tshibanda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3424672|Remy Musungayi Bampale]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3426386|René Isekemanga Nkeka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:René Isekemanga Nkeka2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3431066|Richard Ndambu Wolang]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3439223|Roger Lumbala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3484223|Simon Bulupiy Galati]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3526676|Théophile Mbemba Fundu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3557436|Victor Makwenge Kaput]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3573860|Yves Mobando Yogo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3577297|Ève Bazaiba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2011<br/>2019
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Ève Bazaiba - 2022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3592729|Évariste Boshab]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Evariste Boshab (4997782337, fixed).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4678757|Adam Bombolé]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:ABI OFF.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5111780|Christophe Lutundula Apala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Christophe Lutundula - 2022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5373269|Emmanuel Leku Apuobo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6805146|Medard Mulangala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7327967|Richard Muyej]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16195146|Jeannette Kavira Mapera]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16269662|Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16545541|Célestin Vunabandi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Célestin Vunabandi, ministre du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en oeuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16627098|Bruno Lapika Dimomfu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16669165|Patrick Bologna]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Patrick Bologna and Ukrainian peacekeeping force representative.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17631305|Juvénal Munubo Mubi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Honorable Juvenal Munubo Mubi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17639110|Samy Badibanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Samy Badibanga 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18019786|Jean-Bertrand Ewanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18353237|Aimé Boji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18638393|André Tshikwej Kazuw a Tshik]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18642447|Aubin Minaku]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Aubinminaku.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18642479|Dieudonné Bolengetenge Balea]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18642583|Omer Egwake]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18649355|Thomas Luhaka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Thomas Luhaka - 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18681696|Aimé Ngoy Mukena]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Aimé Ngoy Mukena - 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19543886|Modeste Bahati Lukwebo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Bahati1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19544597|Félix Kabange Numbi Mukwampa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Announcing UK aid to protect 6 million people against malaria in DRC (8689417336).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19545075|Willy Makiashi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19606583|Zacharie Bababaswe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19629165|Zoé Kabila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19629172|Tryphon Kin-Kiey Mulumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Tryphon Kin-Kiey Mulumba (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19629891|Jean Bamanisa Saïdi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Kisangani ammunition depot, UNMAC - Jean Bamanisa Saïdi (10400611374) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19629893|Caroline Bemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19631188|Bienvenu Liyota Ndjoli]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Bienvenu Liyota Ndjoli - 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19631190|Bijou Mushitu Kat]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19631195|Jean-Claude Kibala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20666287|Alain Lubamba wa Lubamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20740600|Jean-Marie Bamporiki]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20740642|Justin Bitakwira]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20810501|Arome Bigabwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20810516|Sam Bokolombe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982168|Edouard Kiove Kola]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982169|Eric Katolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982172|Claudel André Lubaya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Lubaya Claudel André.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982173|Jason Luneno]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982179|Jean-Baudouin Mayo Mambeke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982180|Crispin Mbindule]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982181|Gregoire Mirindi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982184|Roger Mpanano]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982185|Kizito Mushizi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982196|Martin Ntenda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20995412|Franck Diongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21035328|Neema Namadamu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Portrait Dessin Neema Namadamu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24539800|Maurice Mpolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25694850|Florent Lebe Mupiya]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25694865|Émile Etumangele Aseke Kangaseke]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28010745|Sylvain Delma]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28086239|Germain Kambinga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28146551|Delly Sesanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Delly SESANGA HIPUNGU.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28811859|Marie-Ange Mushobekwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Marie-Ange Mushobekwa - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Félix Tshisekedi]]
| olóṣèlú, Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2011-11-28
| 2013-06-18
| [[Fáìlì:Felix Tshisekedi, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (55078564106) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29270464|Jean Tokole Ilongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29351876|Bienvenu Kalunga Mawazo Ga Nghombe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2011-11-28
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:KALUNGA-MAWAZO-01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29534133|Kasongo Munganga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Kasongo Munganga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30070987|Alphonse Songolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Alphonse Songolo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30118210|Patrick Muyaya Katembwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Patrick Muyaya 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30728171|Papy Niango]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Papy niango.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q33129102|Charles Kisolokele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q36281005|Yvon Kimpiobi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q40680866|Gaston Musemena]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Gaston Musemena - 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43106474|Henri-Thomas Lokondo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2011
| 2021-03-10
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46918247|Didier Kamundu Batundi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48775328|Upio Kakura Wapol]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48775361|Ferdinand Kambere]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48775364|Laurent Muzangisa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48778035|Mopipi Mukulumanya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52136791|Pascal Nkayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56302679|Moïse Nyarugabo Muhizi Mugeyo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56515694|Jean-Lucien Bussa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:JLB Final.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56618763|Marie-Louise Mwange]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Marie-Louise Mwange - 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57986438|Jefferson Abdallah Penembaka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ituri Province, Bunia, Camp Ndoromo- Medal Award ceremony for Bangladeshi Peacekeepers who served the peacekeeping Mission in Ituri. (24458565398).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60958438|Marcel Ilunga Leu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Marcel Ilunga Leu - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63349528|Geneviève Inagosi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2011-11-28
|
| [[Fáìlì:Geneviève Inagosi, Minister of Gender, Family and Children from DR Congo addresses the meeting (10841449794).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63382184|Jeannine Mabunda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65129281|Albert Nyembo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q67218417|André Lite]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:André Lite Asebea - 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78469448|Célestin Tunda ya Kasende]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79423044|Élysée Munembwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84265238|Alex Kande Mupompa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2006
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:Alexkande.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96207441|Pauline Maata Nkumu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96210138|Béatrice Lomeya Atilite]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96210253|Wivine Moleka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96210362|Gentiny Ngobila Mbaka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96244405|Anasthasie Moleko Moliwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96245204|Antoinette Kipulu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96436278|Brigitte Kalaba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96436486|Georgette Agadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96436683|Lucie Kipele Aki Azwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96436684|Adèle Kahinda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96437347|Françoise Bemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96438022|Pascaline Kudura]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96439592|Sabine Muhima Bintu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96439706|Yvonne Mutombo Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96439729|Perpetue Kapindo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96439885|Francine Kimasi Bekili]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96439897|Annie Dianzenza Mayasilwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96439933|Elysée Dimandja]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96440028|Marie Therese Dembo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96440102|Jolie Kenda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Joli Kenda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96440105|Vicky Katumbwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96465065|Marie-Thérèse Gerengbo Yazalo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475172|Alphonse Awenze Makiaba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475177|Jeanne Ayomo Alife]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475185|Judith Asobe Ibambi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475204|Solange Masumbuko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475211|Ambroise Midi Giamani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475225|Lucie Kuhatelela Gubembeya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475236|Jocelyne Mupeka Kindundu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475241|Cathy Musengi Kapisila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475244|Jolie Yama Nzalabar]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475256|Lylie Masikini Mbili]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475260|Grace Neema Paininye]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475292|Marie Claire Alfani Machozi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475308|Sosthene Maombi Katsongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475313|Wivine Paipo Ngweli]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475321|Yvonne Mwepu Kibanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475351|Fifi Masuka Saini]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:FIFI MASUKA GOUVERNEURE (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475358|Magguy Kiala Bolenga Boley]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475362|Anne Marie Mbilambangu Lungambo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475365|Nadine Mangabu Luabeya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475370|Eugénie Tshiela Kamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475373|Ambroise Kamukuny Mukinay]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475380|Alidor Kakubu K'Ilaka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475391|Veronique Lumanu Cimpaka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475407|Isabelle Ihemba Kayombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475423|Odette Mwamba Banza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Odette Mwamba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475445|Gracia Yamba Kazadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475490|Ida Kitwa Godalena]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475499|Viviane Kapufi Mwansa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475506|Olive Mudekereza Namegabe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2019-01-28
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475511|Adolphine Byayuwa Muley]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2019-02-13
| 2024-01-13
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96475514|Eugénie Agoyo Wayiko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97277162|Néné Nkulu Ilunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97446584|Steve Mbikayi Mabuluki]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97464651|Willy Bakonga Wilima]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98269668|Valentin Senga Paysayo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99851849|Pius Muabilu Mbayu Mukala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q101412106|Adèle Degbalase Kanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102274390|Berthold Ulungu Ekunda Lukata]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104416504|Maguy Rwakabuba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Maguy Rwakabuba - 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104771218|Henriette Wamu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2006
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105523479|Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde Kyenge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Secretary Blinken Meets With DRC Prime Minister Lukonde (52276160562) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105546420|Jean-Pierre Lisanga Bonganga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105713042|Gilbert Tshiongo Tshibinkubuka wa Tumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105754578|Angèle Tabu Makusi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105798778|José Mpanda Kabangu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:José Mpanda Kabangu - 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105946534|Jean-Pierre Bokole Ompoka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106081591|Jean-Jacques Mamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106163828|Jean-Marie Lukulasi Massamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106505759|Aminata Namasia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2019-01
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106588674|Tony Mwaba Kazadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106777922|Adrien Bokele Djema]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106786484|Raymond Tchedya Patay]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106884074|Jean-Pierre Lihau]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Jean-Pierre Lihau.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106903744|Godard Motemona Gibolum ya Kembi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106904435|Neron Mbungu Mbungu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106904741|Guy Mikulu Pombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106904755|Jonathan Bialosuka Wata]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106904823|Amato Bahibazire Mirindi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106904837|Samy Adubango Ahoto]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106904946|Crispin Mbadu Phanzu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106905141|Albert Fabrice Puela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106905169|Modero Nsimba Matondo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106905178|Cherubin Okende Senga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106905188|Christian Mwando Nsimba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106905313|Vincent Okoyo Nembe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106911980|Albert Botombula Tabu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106912247|Paulin Maembo Gelingi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106912703|François Rubota Masumbuko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106913386|Muhindo Nzangi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Minister of Higher and University Education Muhingo Nzangi Butondo Launch of project on the introduction of courses in forensic medicine in DRC universities.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106913451|Anne-Marie Karume Bakaneme]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106913695|Jean-Pierre Daruwezi Mokombe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106913836|Nelson Paluku Syayipuma]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106914680|Juliette Mbambu Mughole]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2016-07-30<br/>2006
| 2019-01-13<br/>2011
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106926186|André Mbata]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106929174|Dieudonné Mwenze Wa Mujinga]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106929702|Antoine Nzangi Ngelengbi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107044433|Daniel Safu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107187435|Arthur Sedea Ngamo Zabusu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107189786|Albert Mpeti Biyombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107252986|Bernard Kayumba Shikilwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107278026|Kikoka Gaytoni Toni]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107368856|Gael Bussa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2019
|
| [[Fáìlì:Hon. Gael Bussa Obambule.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107474977|Joas Mbitso Ngedza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107475161|César Lubamba Ngimbi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107528370|Pierre Kangudia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107694205|Dieudonné Upira Sunguma Kagimbi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107694336|Anicet Kuzunda Mutangiji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107746255|Daniel Mbau]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107785573|Jean-Claude Kazembe Musonda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107985923|Anaclet Kabeya Kalenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107988769|Roger Abotome Bakabisya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107994857|Wilson Adirodu Djari]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107999450|Emmanuel Adubango Ali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108001028|Anatol Afoote Afotuku]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108022504|Mamie Agigba Widia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108097700|Papy Ahono Nzobo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108106499|Amy Ambatobe Nyongolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108106787|Patrick Amisi Lupia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108107208|Jean-Pierre Anokonzi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108107537|Alu Asani Kabina]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108107723|Rufine Assina]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108137852|Emmanuel Atuyakila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108138162|Jackson Ausse]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108138485|Patrice Autsai Adriko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108189125|Jean-Pierre Ayobangira]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108196229|Anicet Babanga Mpotiyolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108196484|Paul Babangu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108198404|Héritier Bahati Chuma]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108199071|Chadrack Baitsura]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108200117|Boniface Balamage]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108200590|Donatien Balekelayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108202623|Paul Balenza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108317623|Albert Baliesima]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108317692|Fabrice Bandenonga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108318625|Daniel Banio Debho]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108319287|Vital Banywesize Mukuza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108319698|John Banza Lunda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108329864|Marmont Banza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108330137|Jules Barhalengehwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108331355|Alphonse Benza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108331739|Nono Berocan]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108332109|Etienne Bidjep]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108385607|Denis Kambayi Tshimbumbu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108422788|Eddy Bisweko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108422974|Jean-Pierre Bobe Yaboy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108433429|René Sebastien Bofaya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108440912|Faustin Boika]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108441228|Fabien Boko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108448694|Elysé Bokumwana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108461028|Abraham Boliki]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108461342|Delvaux Bolila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108462474|Willy Bolio Emina]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108462932|Gabriel Boloko Angbenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108477947|Patrick Bombelosanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108478780|Freddy Bompanze]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108489669|Michel Bompini]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108490182|Xavier Bonane Ya Nganzi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108491877|Guillaume Bonga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108510646|René Bosise]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108514137|Prosper Bukasa Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108521046|Mohamed Bule-Gbangolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108527432|John Bupila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108528033|Beta Bushiri]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108545313|Déocard Camunani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108565991|Richard Chirhulwire]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108569890|Dieudonné Dikapa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108569894|François Dhedda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108569897|Prince Cokola Ntwali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108575185|Dianne Dimbu lukombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108575354|Blaise Ditu Monizi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108585412|Jacques Djoli]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Jacques Djo 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108585671|Mathieu Doda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108600236|Jean-Claude Draza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108602719|Baudouin Droti Obhitre]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108688896|Norbert Eholo Eoni]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108688963|Serge Endundu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108691430|Anselme Enerunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108692448|José Engbanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108701545|Célestin Engelemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109017046|Astrid Madiya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109019515|Crispin Ngbundu Malengo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109024264|Evariste Twana Wibina]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109040994|Patricia Nseya Mulela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109044263|Serge Kayembe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2006
| 2011
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109044269|Serge Tshembo Nkonde]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109071560|Guy Mafuta Kabongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109315393|Martin Kabuya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109358231|Abdon Etina]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109376599|Célestin Eyuma Nasa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109545469|Norbert Ezadri]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109545889|Christine Feza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109547024|Rombeau Fumany]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109548569|Daniel Furaha Uma]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109550020|Hubert Furuguta]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109558883|Abner César Fwani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109559092|Boniface Gachuruzi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109559816|Valentine Gamoto]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109560596|Jean Gbadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109972903|Tite Hakizuwera]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110500625|Noël Botakile]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770440|Jeannine Kavira Katoshohire]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770477|Mireille Masangu Bibi Muloko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mireille Masangu Bibi Muloko (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770479|Charlotte Phoba Massiala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770484|Louise Mayuma Kasende]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770491|Christine Mbalo Luange]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770537|Jeanne Mbemba Mukobiawu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770564|Elisabeth Mbombo Mutshimpayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770583|Pétronelle Mbumba Mavungu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770589|Tania Mokolo Ndjoli]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2019-02
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770606|Annie Mombunza Libotolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770624|Winnie Muabilu Mualukie]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770635|Nelly Muinga Tulela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770640|Dominique Munongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Dominique munongo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770658|Olga Mwadi Kadiata]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770668|Liliane Ngoie Many]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770674|Mimy Nkengela Kapianga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770681|Bintou Ntumba Ciabola]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770772|Tatiana Pembe Luemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770778|Christelle Vuanga Mukongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2019-01
|
| [[Fáìlì:Christelle Vuanga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110770785|Irène Wasso Wabiwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112119627|jean-Marc Kabund-a-Kabund]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2019-02-13
|
| [[Fáìlì:Jean-Marc Kabund (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112207919|Adolphe Onusumba Yemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221929|Pierre-Castro Bamboka Lobendi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221937|Charles Nawej Mundele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221939|Clément Kanku Bukasa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221942|Daniel Madimba Kalonji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221945|Elvis Mutiri Wa Bashara]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221946|Emery Okundji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221954|Evariste Heva Muakasa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221960|Georges Kazadi Kabongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221968|Jacques Lungwana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221971|Jean Mbuyu Lunyongola]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221977|John Tibasima]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221979|Joseph Kokonyangi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221987|Jean-Pierre Kalema Losona]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221990|Lambert Matuku]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221992|Lumeya Dhu-Maleghi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112221999|Mukendi Tshambula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112222007|Daniel Paluku Kisaka Yereyere]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112222009|Patrick Mayombe Mumbioko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112222013|Pierre Anatole Matusila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112222015|Pierre Muzumba Mwana Ombe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112222017|Pierrot Uweka Ukaba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112222031|Tshibangu Kalala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112222033|Venant Tshipasa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112222035|Yagi Sitolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112251777|Basile Olongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112251915|Papy Mantezolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112252531|Corneille Maswaswa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112253706|Dismas Magbengu Swana Emin]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112254335|Willy Mubobo Nzamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262714|Baudouin Adirodu Mawazo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262715|Nicolas Akpanza Mobuli]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262771|ALI BIN OMARI SIMUKINJE]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262772|Toussaint Alonga Likiti]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262773|Maurice Ambena Zaingali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262774|AMURI KABEZA MWENEBANTU]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262775|Fredric Apaka Tombila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262776|Bienvenu Apalata Ambo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262777|Jacques Asumani Likalanganyo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262778|Joseph Atonzia Bakomoto]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262779|Freddy Aundagba Pangodi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262781|François Ayobangira Samvura]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262783|Fidèle Babala Wandu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262784|Christian Badibangi Anuwebe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262785|Semeyi Bakatsuraki Kavusa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262789|Juma Balikwisha Mulondi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262791|Willy Bandeache Itendey]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262793|Dany Banza Maloba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262794|Lon-Dhon Basango Makedjo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262795|Marie-Thérèse Basiala Maka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262796|Félicien Basilwango Mwilo Lusolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262797|Jean-Pierre Batumoko Afozunde]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262799|Bonaventure Bazir Serushago]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262802|Bernard Biando Sango Nzuambe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262803|Vicky Bokolo Nyaswa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262805|Faustin Bokonda Balela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262807|Gabriel Bolenge Boponde]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262812|Célestin Bondomiso Bebisyame]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262813|Pancrace Boongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262814|Robert Bopolo Mbongeza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262816|Jean-Christophe Budri Ngaduma]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262817|Vital Budu Tandema]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262818|François Buhendwa Lubagire]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262821|Nicolas Bulukungu Bera-Kay]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262822|Michel Butor Bodias]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262823|Jeanne Butsitsi Namwanve]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262827|Dogratias Chituli Nabwira]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262828|Joseph Chura Bilo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262829|Pacifique Cimanuka Ngabo-Yeka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262830|Yvon Dangbele Ngotuga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262831|Marcelline Daruwezi Apendeki]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262832|Thalie Dasyo Mokfe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262833|Jean-Baptiste Dhetchuvi Matchu Mandje]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262835|Pierre César Edumbadumba Egbula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262838|Toussaint Ekombe Mpetsi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262839|Olivier Endundo Evele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262841|Filbert Brel Etibako Edi Ndito]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262843|Patrice Ezaty Meriko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262844|Celestin Faso Mushigo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262845|Florent Gabuba Mafu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262847|Jean-Marie Gapemonoko Lobodumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262848|Thophile Geakoro Ndambomale]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262850|José Ikiyo Ingutu Y'Okanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262851|Ibrahim Ikulu Lamajana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262852|Jean-Pierre Ilunga Kampanyi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262853|Michel Ilunga Kouvas]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262854|Simplice Ilunga Monda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262855|Do Gratias Indulu Ekuns]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262856|Kovo Ingila Bokondo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262857|Joseph Ipalaka Yobwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262858|Nicolas Isofale Bonyoko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262859|Pascal Itshitoka Ngalamulume]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262860|Jean Kevin Jemsi Mulengwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262861|Gasha Kin-Kiey Mulumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262862|Prosper Kabila wa Nkulu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262896|Edmond Kabongo Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262897|Jean Bosco Kaboyi Bwivu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262898|KABWIK FAT MAYANG Elyse]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262899|Prosper Kabwika Mastaki Kuliva]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262900|Mwami Kahindo Nzanzu Bonane]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262901|Hubert Kakule Shahetera]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262902|Patrick Thierry André Kakwata Nguza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262903|Godé Kalau Ngungu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262904|Freddy Kalombo Bukola Buabu Nkashama]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262905|Francis Kalombo Tambwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262906|Rombault Kalombo Tshinkenke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262907|Romain Kalonji Mukendi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262908|Ignace Kamayi Muangala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262909|Orner Kambale Kahalirwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262910|Dieudonné Kambale Kalimumbalo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262911|Robert Kambale Lufungula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262912|Daniel Kambale Musemo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262913|Vincent Kangijlumba Mbambi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262914|Crispin Kankonde Kankonde]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262916|Philipe Kantanti Mwitwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262917|John America Kaonde Kipanta]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262918|Delphin Kapaya Ohelo Pene Lombendja]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262919|Donatien Kapongo Munyoka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262920|François Kasende Kandolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262921|Timothe Kasereka Wanzavalere]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262922|Gaudel Kashiki Mazambo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262923|Delphin Kasongo Kibale Kas]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262924|Lucain Kasongo Mwadiavita]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262925|Gerardine Kasongo Ngoie]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262926|Hubert Kassapo Metela Lhomb]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262928|Matthieu Kasunka wa Banza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262929|Louis Kaswende Batuanini]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262930|Jacques Katalay M'buru Balo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262931|Richard Katamuliko Tsongo Maha]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262932|Katembo Muzee Budget]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262933|Paulin Katshongo Mbavu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262935|Jackson Kayombo Mbinda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262937|Jean-Pierre Kezamudru Musisiri]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262938|Edouard Kibawa Wimwene]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262941|Augustine Kilambe Lwando]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262945|Gregoire Kiro Tsongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262946|Joseph Kitenge Mulongoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262947|Gérard Kobili Ngundu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262949|John Kolela Yahanu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262950|Robert Koloba Denge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262952|Timothe Kombo Nkisi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262953|Adolphe Komuesa Kalunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262954|Désiré Bonaventure Konde Vila-Ki-Kanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262955|Koso Diese Kovi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262956|Stephane Kota Piem]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262957|Jean Baptiste Kumasamba Olom]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262959|Joseph Lembi Libula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262962|Félix Lupula Matshalo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262963|Symphorien Lobo Kasongo Klm]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262964|Athigo Lofimbo Bakundji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262965|Michel Lokola Elemba Ekahandjala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262966|Jean-Robert Lomanga Longenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262967|Cyprien Lomboto Lombonge L'Okeli]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262969|Albert Lotana Lokasola]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262970|Nelson Lothape Madimbo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262972|Jules Lowuya Enzimba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262973|Deogratias Lubala Ntebua Depe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262975|Floribert Luboto Ngwangu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262976|Guy Lufuluabo Tshitumbi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262977|Floribert Luhonge Kabinda Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262992|Felicien Lukiana Mabondo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262993|Dominique Lukono Sowa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262996|LUNDA NDALAMBA LUNDA]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262998|Saturnin-Blaise Luono Kimbanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112262999|François Lusanga Ngiele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263000|Gregoire Lusenge Kakule]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263002|Muller Oscar Luthelo Nyudi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263003|Venano Lutongo Muyeye Tshikambi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263004|Dieudonnê Miganda Mushubangabo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263007|Boris Maelezo Alabu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263008|Espoir Majagira Bulangalire]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263010|Richard Makuba Lutondo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263011|Adalbert Makutu Ma Ngayaya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263012|Jerome Makwala Mavambij Ye Beda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263013|Prosper Makwa Dede]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263014|Prospère Maluka Mopongo Mwambano Bede]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263015|Jean-Marc Malumba Mbangula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263017|MANANGA KAYEMBE CADET YA MUKOLO]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263019|La Jeunesse Mandjuandjua Mayembe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263020|Antoinne Manongi Amboka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263021|Pascal Manshimba Manshimba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263024|Godefroid Masanza Makogu Ekondanide]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263025|Zury Masela Kiluty]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263027|Hubert Mashukane Baziruwiha]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263029|Job Antoine Massamba Malika]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263034|André Masumbu Baya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263035|Gamanda Matadi Nenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263037|Romo Materanya Karagi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263039|Daniel Mavinga Domi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263041|André Mavungu Mbunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263042|Serge Mayamba Massaka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263043|Richard Mayaya Kilole Kakwama]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263046|Adrien Mbambi Phoba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263047|Augustin Mbangama Kabundi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263048|Simon Floribert Mbatshi Batshia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263049|Jean-Marie Mbaw Mbaw Yemata]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263051|Jean Mbaya Kandudi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263052|Eugénie Mbayo Kilumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263053|MBAYO LUFUNGA PELESA]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263054|Thophile Mbemba Fundu Di Luyindu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263056|Vicky Mboso Muteba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263057|Emmanuel Mbuela Yimbu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263058|Dieudonné Mbukani Katebwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263060|Boris Mbuku Laka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263061|Isabelle Mbulu Mikobi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263063|Vasco Mbuyi Mamba Kalala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263064|Odette Mbuyi Ngoyi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263066|Victor Menantangu Mulalu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263067|Marie Mijabi Tumba Kimalanzi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263069|Benjamin Muamba Mulumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263070|Giala Mobutu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263071|Jacques Mokako Nzeke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263073|Didier Molisho Sadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263074|Léon Mondole Eso Libanza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263075|John Mopondi Maloka Mongai]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263086|Léonard Mota Ngaliema]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2011-11-28<br/>2019-02-13<br/>2024-02-12
| 2018-12-30<br/>2023-12-15
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263087|Emile Christophe Mota Noongo Khang]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263090|Joseph Mudumbi Biriomu-Iragi Mulunda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263092|Léon Mubikayi Mubalamate]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263093|Béatrice Muderhwa Nabintu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263094|Jules Mugiraneza Ndizeye]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263095|MUHINDO MULEMBERI]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263096|Eustache Muhiya Lumbu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263097|Alphonsine Mujinga Kayenu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263098|Calixte Mukasa Kalembwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263099|Bruno Mukeba Kande]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263100|Oswald Mukingi Nahimana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263101|Jean Pierre Mukubaganyi Mulume]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263102|Benjamin Mukulungu Igobo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263103|Dams Mukuna Kalambayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263104|Jean Marie Mulatu Puati]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263105|Jean Rombault Mulengi Nzalalemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263106|Luc Mulimbalimba Masururu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263107|Ivan Mulongo Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263108|Coco Mulongo Nzemba Jacques]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:COCO MULONGO 2023 V2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263109|Florent Mulumba Muabi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263110|Mulumba Mwana Nshiya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263111|Urbain Marie Mumpi Nga-Ewum]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263112|Benjamin Mumpini Kabong'anza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263114|Esperence Musafiri Shukuru]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263115|Madeleine Musaga Phasu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263116|Benoît Musenga wa Mukuna]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263117|Dieudonne Musodi Salabwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263118|Alexis Mutanda Ngoy Muana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263119|Jean-Luc Mutokambali Luvanzayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263120|Lucien Joliety Mutomb A Mutom]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263121|Fabien Mutomb Kan Kato]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263122|Yvonne Mutombo wa Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263123|Gaspard Mutonkole Kinyanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263124|Olivier Randi Mutuale]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263125|Mutula Lungwe Diallo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263126|John Muyamba Ngove]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263127|Constatin Muyaya Tshibona]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263129|Thierry Muzaza Owan]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263130|Jean Muzinga Mushinji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263132|MVEMBA MATONA]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263134|Georges Mwatshinumo Fedge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263135|Arsène Mwaka Bwenge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263136|Charles Mwaley Amandev]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263137|Benjamin Mwamba Mulangu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263138|Dieudonné Mwamba Nkuba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263140|Yvette Mwanga Mbadu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263141|Charles Mwehu Kikoko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263142|Jean Ferdinand Mwenze Mbuyu Wasso Lunkamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263143|Poco Mwepu Kanyata Bilonda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263145|N'kumu Frey Lungula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263147|Jeancy Mansua Mutiene]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263148|Raphaei Ndjibu Kasongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263149|Michel Ndongo Pulungu Epapola]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263150|Pascal Ndudanga Kavarios]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263151|NE MANDA NSEM1BADIENGILA]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263152|Pierre Ngandu Mulombelayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263156|Augustin Ngeleji Mashingu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263157|Vincent De Paul Ngendenza Ezunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263159|Richard Ngoy Kitangala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263160|Gisèle Ngoya Kanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263161|Roger-Clément Ngoyi Shabitanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263162|Crispin Ngoyi Tambwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263164|Jacques Nkulu Mupenda Mukala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263165|Gérard Nkulu Mwenze]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263166|Oscar Nsaman Olutu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263167|Antoine Nsombola Lontulungu Amba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263168|Aimé Rodrigue Nsuka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263169|Benoît Nzaji Kabulekedi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263170|Clément Nzau Tsobo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263171|José Nzau Vola]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263172|François Nzekuye Kaburabuza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263175|Stanislas Oleko Mafue A Beombey]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263178|Oscar Oshobale Oyozu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263179|OTETE L0KADi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263180|Jean Owanga Welo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263181|André Palliku Kavula Bwanambula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263183|Marie-Jules Paluku Mali'Isi Malisawa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263184|Jean-Pierre Pasi Zapamba Buka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263185|Robert Paysayo Maliako]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263186|Willy Pelenda Makengo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263187|Henry Pikolo Monewya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263189|Onesime Sadiki Byombuka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263190|Jacques Safari Nganizi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263191|Cyprien Sangokitefu ya Muyumbay]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263192|Jacques Segbewi Zamu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263193|Péguy Sendwe Mputu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263195|Félix Serutoke Mpagazehe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263197|Aaron Shabani Asumani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263199|SHENILA MWANZA]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263200|SHIDI MIKUMBU ESPERANCE]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263201|Innocent Shomwa Mwongera]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263202|Samuel Simene wa Simene]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263203|Hubert Sole Ohoto]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263204|SUDI AL'AMIN ZIMAMOTO]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263205|David Suze Manda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263207|Joachim Taila Nage]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263208|Jean-Dominique Takis Kumbo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263209|Patrick Tanzi Madrandele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263210|Hubert Thetika Inkalaba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263211|Louis Thole Tshigudu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263212|Egide Thuambe Adubang'o]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263214|John Tinanzabo Zeremani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263215|Fidel Tingombay Mondonga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263217|Guylain Tshibala Nsenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263218|Denis Tshibang Ntambw]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263219|Félicien Tshibangu Yamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263220|Onsime Tshibumba Kanyanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263221|Eugénie Tshika wa Mulumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263222|Jean-Pierre Tshimanga Buana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263223|Bartheiemy Tshiongo Mputu Dibinga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263225|Gilbert Tutu Tedeza Kango]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263226|Jackson Ubima Uchanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263227|Dieudonné Ukumu Ular]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263230|Evariste Vetshi Bopambo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263231|Jean-Claude Vuemba Luzamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263232|Arthur Wanga Kipanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263233|Charly Wenga Bulambo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263234|Édouard Wenzi wa Kuyula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263236|Honoré Yala Tutu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263237|Alexis Yava Samuhonga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263238|Martin Yukula Dimbuene]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263239|Raymond Michel Yuma Ramazani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112263246|Zéphirin Zabusu Liwolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264025|Justin Dede Kodoro Kewalo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264045|Jules César Ibula Mwana Katakanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264046|Laurent Ikenge Lisambola]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264047|Martin Ikukt Ikok Ngolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264048|Bienvenu Ilanga Lembow]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264049|Paul Ilunga Nkulu wa Kiluba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264050|Jean-Marie Ingele Ifoto]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264051|André Ipakala Abeiye Mobiko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264052|Gratien De Saint Nicolas Iracan Unen]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264053|Simon-Pierre Iyananio Moligi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264054|Didier Divalier Kabampele Ngabul]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264055|Bruno Kabangu Tshizubu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264056|Alidor Kabasele Panu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264057|Olivier Kabeya Kabeya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264059|Jaynet Désiré Kabila Kyungu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264060|Papy Seoul Kabwe Banza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264061|Joseph Kahenga Sompo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264062|Augustin Kahozi Bin Malisawa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264064|Déogratias Kakule Kalyomo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264065|Godefroid Kakule Kyatsandire]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264066|Papy Kalend Kanyik]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264067|Jean Kalenga Mambepa Matembele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264068|Anaclet Kalimw Songo Kund]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264069|Auguy Kalonji Kalonji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264070|Josué Kalukuta Musau]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264071|Barnabas Kambale Ezechiel]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264072|Mathieu Kambale Mathe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264073|Alexandre Kambale Muhasa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264074|Zephanie Kambale Shangilia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264075|Jean Kamisendu Kutuka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264077|André Kamunga Mulowayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264078|Jean-Pierre Kanefu Munjiwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264079|Robert Kaniki Mesu Tshiakatumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264080|Jean Constantin Kanow Manunganyi Tshioba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264081|Jacques Kapama Mapatano]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264082|Joseph Kapika Ndji Kanku Wu Mukumadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264084|KAPOYA MUTOMB’ KALONG]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264085|Florent Kapuku Kapuku]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264086|Serkas Kasanda Kadiesa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264087|Sylvain Kasereka Kalwahali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264088|Jadot Kasereka Mangwengwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264089|Kizerbo Kasereka Wathevwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264092|Denis Kashoba Kabonshi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264093|Benjamin Kasindi Kingombe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264094|Justin Kasongo Kabondo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264097|Hilaire Kasusa Kikobya Baruani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264098|Thadée Katembo Kambere]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264100|Katembo Mbusa Tembos Yothama]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264101|Désiré Katembo Muhindo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264102|Dieudonné Katembwe Kasongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264116|Jean-Pierre Kayembe Ilunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264117|Théodore Kazadi Muayila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264118|Innocent Kazembe Mulwani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264119|William Kazumba Mayombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264120|Modeste Kazwazwa Ubite]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264121|Jean Kibau Mafuta]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264122|Raphaël Kibuka Kia Kiese]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264123|Justin Kiluba Longo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264124|Eric Kimbuta Motema]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264126|Christophe Kitambala Kalonda Manda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264127|Gaston Kitenge Kapälu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264128|Jean-Hélène Kitsali Katungo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264129|Freddy Kitwa Mutombo Mpyana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264130|Charles Kiwila wa Bakunda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264132|Floribert Fofo Konzi Luvungu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264133|Jean-Bosco Kotongo Anfio Bato]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264134|Doug Kulungu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264135|Alexis Lenga Walenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264137|Fidèle Likinda Bolom'Elenge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264138|Prince Ibrahim Lingo Ngbandani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264139|Fidèle Lokana Bahati]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264140|François Lokoka Isaka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264141|Franck Lomasa Okoto Dombelo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264142|Jean-Marc Lombaku Lohenda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264143|Charles Longonya Lawodja]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264144|Floribert Loola Ekofo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264145|Willy Lukusa Kashala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264146|René Lumbu Kiala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264147|Yannick Lumbu Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Lumbu ngoy yannick.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264149|Jérôme Lusenge Kambale Bonane]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264151|Hubert Luwala Ngamakoshi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264152|Justin Luwepe Mayara]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264153|Alexis Luwundji Okitasombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264155|Aimé Mafefe Mukozo Mwene Lusenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264156|Alfred Maisha Bishobibiri]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264157|Hubert Makengo Lutimba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264158|Charles Makengo Ngombe Matoka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264159|Patient Malandji Mujinga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264160|Claude Maluku Pombi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264162|Florent Mambemba Mukengele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264163|Jean-Marc Mambidi Koloboro]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264164|Jean-Bosco Mambo Katunda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264165|Belly Mampa Mbembila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264166|Jean Manda Kansabala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264169|Pascal Mangay Bosaba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264170|Patrick Mangay Mumvunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264173|Rémy Masamaba Ma-Kiese]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264174|Jean-Didier Masamba Malunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264175|Etienne Masanga Kisigay]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264176|Justin Mastaki Namegabe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264177|Tharcisse Matadi Wamba Kamba Mutu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264178|Roger Matondo Kivuila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264179|Alain Matumona Zola]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264180|Georges Matutala Mu Kanda Nteko Makengo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264181|Romain Mavudila Kongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264182|Joachim Mavungu Tsiku]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264183|Freddy Mbakata Putu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264184|Bernard Mbaki Mansanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264185|Sébastien Rodolph Mbanga Manzimi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264187|Benoît Mbayo Yahenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264189|Samuel Mbemba Kabuya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Samuel MBEMBA KABUYA.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264191|Constantin Mbengele Kwete Thamuk]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264192|Marielle Mbikayi Pashi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264194|Firmin-Dupont Mboma Mpya Ndaangye]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264195|Jean-Marie Mboyo Papy Bikanza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264196|Pepe Mbuku Balele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264198|Nanou Memba Ebenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264200|Zobel Milolo Dibondo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264201|Prosper Miruho Akili]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264202|Claude Misare Mugomberwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264206|Sangolo-Zaku Moussa Kalema]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264207|Jean-Jacques Mpanga wa Lukalaba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264208|Messie Mpia Lotete]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264209|Claude Mpia Menazambili]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264210|Simon Mpiana Ntumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264211|Jean-Claude Mpongo Nkita Ilanga Nzali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264212|Dieudonné Mposhi Kibambe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264213|Charles Guillaume Mpunga Musha Musha]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264214|MPUTU YALIKO KELPER]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264215|Benezeth Msafiri Kyakakala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264216|Papy Bon Soleil Muanza Munya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264217|Damase Muba Kitwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264218|Khiler Mubambe wa Lumbulwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264219|Serge Muber Thoniot]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264221|Bertin Mubonzi Murhomulume]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264229|Sokoro Mufalme Tambwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264230|Josué Mufula Jive]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264231|Jean-Baptiste Muhindo Kasekwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264232|Paul Muhindo Mulemberi Vahumawa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264234|Albert-David Mukeba M'Fouta]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264235|Patient Mukena Yumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264236|Serge Mukendi Fontshi Kanyinda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264237|Arsène Mukonga Kasamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264239|Emmanuel Mukundi Nyembo Kahumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264240|Simon Mulamba Mputu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mulamba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264241|Augustin Mulumba Kanza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264242|Pétillon Mundia Neke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264243|Cléophas Munganga Gadimba Gembi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264244|Didier Munkie Mbali Iba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264245|Patrick Munyomo Basilwango]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264246|Dhedhe Mupasa Lukobo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264247|Freddy Musambya Kabwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264248|Célestin Musao]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264249|Guy Musomo Wapembe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264250|Emmanuel Musukulu Barande]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264251|MUTEULE MOROMORO MUTUEL]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264252|Germain Mutombo Kasongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264254|Roger Mwamba Mangbenza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264255|Emile Mwamba Mukenge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264257|Édouard Mwangachuchu Hizi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264258|Singoma Mwanza Hamisi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264259|Rosen Mwenze Wakadilo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264260|Nehémie Mwilanya Wilondja]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264261|Stive Ndambire Makuha]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264262|Justin Ndayisimye Harerimana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264263|Ernest Ndengo Bapalembi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264264|Ndjoloko Tambwe Bathe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264265|Ados Ndombasi Banikina]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264266|Léon Nembalemba Essuku]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264267|Jean Ngadjole Dhebo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264268|Eric Ngalula Ilunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264269|Alphonse Ngandu Katunda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264270|Valentin Ngandu Kayembe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264271|José Ngbanyo Mbunga Detato]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264272|Espérant Ngindu Shindanyi Muabi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264273|Hardy Ngobe Yoto]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264274|Charles Ngombe Nzeu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264275|Dieudonné Ngwasi Akilimali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264278|Dieudonné Nsase Muetutuikale]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264286|Cerveau Pitshou Nsingi Pululu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264287|Pierre Nsumbu Muntu Kalavo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264288|Éliézer Ntambwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:NTAMBWE MPOSHI CHARMANT ELIEZER.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264289|Noël Ntudi Nsungu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264291|Paulin Odiane Doune]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264292|Justin Okfungu Ohoto]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264293|Jean-Charles Okoto Lolakombe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264296|Emmanuel Ompeta Shonda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264297|Augustin Osumaka Lofanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264298|René Otshudi Olamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264299|Eric Paluku Kamavu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264301|Matthieu Pembamoto Kyala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264302|Rubin Rashidi Bukanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264303|Christian Rusize Byaterana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264304|Garry Sakata Moke Tawab]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264305|Bertin Sebujangwe Kirivita]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264306|Jean-Paul Segihobe Bigira]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264307|Alphonse Seke Ngedi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264308|Dieudonné Sekesa Sadiange]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264309|Paul Senemona Moinga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264320|Hyancinthe Shisso Kongolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264321|Roger Sido Wagia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264322|Justin Somana Mondali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264323|Abraham Soriano Kitanika]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264324|Richard Swedi Kanyaduru]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264325|André Tambwe Katambwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264326|Jean-Marie Tambwe Lubamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264327|Maurice Tambwe Ngongo Mwanatsali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264329|Albert Tshilemb Kabwit]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264330|Floribert Tepage Tedende]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264331|Faustin Toengaho Lokundo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264332|Georges Tshibangu Buamukoso]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264333|Freddy Tshibangu Kabula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264334|Paul Tshilumbu Kantola]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2019-02-13
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264335|Martin Tshipama Lunganga Tshiama]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264337|Placide Tshisumpa Tshiakatumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264338|Cédrick Tshizainga Kapumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264340|Janvier Tshongbolo Malenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264341|Jonas Tsundu Tsundu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264342|André Léon Tumba Mukendi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264344|Prosper Tunda Kasongo Lukali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264345|Innocent Unyon Vakpa Katumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264346|Jean-Faustin Uvoya Unencan]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264347|Daniel Uyewa Cwinya'ay]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264348|Sam D. Martin Widjilowo Ne Itchend]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264349|Eugène Wute Eliko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112264350|Boniface Yemba Poyo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265471|ADIA LETI MAWA BAUDOUIN]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265474|Dieudonne Agbumana Motinga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265475|Cyprien Aleku Kitika]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265476|Gustave Alenge Nadonye]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265482|A.M. Ambuku Goty Watsakoke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265483|Serge Amuri Kakibisha]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265484|Angalikiana Kalumbula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265485|Dieudonne Anziama Kamuzibani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265487|Jean Bertin Atandele Songe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265488|Arthur Athu-A-Guyimba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265489|Marie Avongi Sandrion Yele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265491|Martin Aza Bhatre]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265493|Emmenuel Bahati Vistange]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265495|Jacques Bakambe Shesha]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265496|Dieudonné Jacques Bakungu Mythondeke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265497|Nganda Bala Bala Kawa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265498|Ed. Balembo Balama Kasomba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265499|Henry Balengola Banyele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265500|Valentin Balume Tussi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265501|Jean Pierre Bangalyba Baly]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265502|Bertin Banganyigabo Kanyeshuli]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265503|Buffon Banza Lupusa Biata-Biale]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265504|Banze Bwana Kasongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265505|P. Bapolisi Buhuga Polepole]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265506|Jean Bosco Barihima Ka-Butsiri]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265507|Bashala Kantu wa Milandu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265508|Manasse Bashizi Zirimwagabo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265509|Marthe Bashomberwa Lalia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265510|Seraphin Bata Kyala Ngangu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265511|Godefroid Bayoli Kambale]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265512|Bertin Beya Mubiayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265513|Jean Beya wa Kabemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265514|Christophe Beyeye Djema]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265515|Rose Biasima Lala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265516|Lajos Bidiu Nkebi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265517|Micheline Bie Bongenge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265518|Bieto Kutoma Silumbanza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265519|Solid Birindwa Chankire]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265520|Puis Bitakuya Dunia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265522|Charles Bofassa Djema]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265524|Bolenge Yoma Titchou]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265527|Jean Bosco Bonsomi Mokpami]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265528|Jacques Yves Bonyoma Falanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265529|Albert Bope Lobo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265531|Jean Dieudonne Bosaga Sumaili]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265532|Leon Botoko Imeka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265533|Michel Botoro Bodias]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265535|Cyrille Boyenda Ayela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265536|Desire Buherwa Lupini]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265537|Gandhi Bukamba Lufungula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265538|Flavien Bukasa Ngo Enin]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265540|Jeanne Bunda Bitendwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265541|Xavier Bununda Baroki With]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265542|Maurice Bura Pulunyo Cajetan]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265544|David Byenge Mukabi Nzuji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265545|Moïse Chokwe Cembo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265546|Lovy Chum Murish]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265548|Dhetchouvi Matchu-Mandje]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265550|Anaclet Dikuyi Muboyayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265552|Hubert Dishashi Kalenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265553|Andre Diumasumbu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265554|Gaspard Diur Katond]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265555|Joseph Djema Ngoy Luma]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265556|Flory Dumbi Mbadu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265557|Faustin Dunia Barakani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265558|Jacques Ebweme Yonzaba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265559|Lilonda Edo Kasongo Bin]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265561|Evariste Ejiba Yamapia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265562|Ferdinand Ekam Wina]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265563|Marie Louise Ekpoli Lenti]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265566|Denis Engunda Litimba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265567|Ernest Etula Libange]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265568|Iwoka Ewanga Isewanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265569|Gabriel Fangbi Ngindo Kekpe Popolipo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265570|Fulgence Fono Makiasi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265571|Furabo Tondabo Mylet]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265572|Jean Marie Gapemonoko Lobotdumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265573|Chrysostome Gbandazwa Masibando]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265574|Oscar Gema Di Mageko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265575|Albert Gibga Gite]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265576|Bernard Guyeni Masili]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265577|Cleophas Guyzanga Guyandiga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265578|Jean Baudouin Idambituo Bakaato]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265579|Robert Ilunga Kambala Musasa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265580|Benjamin Ilunga Kazadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265582|Freddy Isomela Iyongha Lofalata]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265583|Cyprien Iyamuleme Baragomanwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265584|Claude Kabagambe Magbo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265619|Dominique Kabengela Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265621|Che Kabimbi Ngoy Mwana Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265623|Leon Kabongo Mpongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265625|Alexis Kadima Lubemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265627|Toussaint Kaditanga Kikwanza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265629|Maurice Kafindo Bin Kosamu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265631|J.C. Kahembe Rwandinda Bigaruka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265633|Jean Kahusu Makwela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265635|Sophie Kakudji Yumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265637|Enoch Kakule Byatekwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265638|Pheresie Kakule Molo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265639|Muhima Kakule Sumbusu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265644|Vano Kalembe Kiboko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265647|Jean Jacques Kalenga wa Kubwilu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265651|Omar Kalonji Tshisenge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265653|Jerome Kamate Lukundu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265655|Faustin Kambala Ilunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265661|Dieudonne Kamona Yumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265662|Jean Marie Kamoni Mokota Lissa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265664|Samuel Kanyegere Lwaboshi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265666|Donatien Kanyi Nzia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265669|Venance Kapuya Tshimankinda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265671|Edmondus Kasereka Vukutu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265673|Alain Jean Pierre Kashindi Assumani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265675|Zephirin Kasindi Yumbe Sulbali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265677|Jean Louis Kasongo Kawaya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265681|Kasongo Numbi Kashemukunda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265683|Gilbert Kasongo Sakadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265684|Pele Kaswara Tahigwomo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265686|T. Katanga Mukumadi Yamutumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265688|Jacques Katembo Makata]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265690|Gregoire Katende wa Ndaya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265693|Leonne Kati Kati Mundele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265695|Etienne Katolu Munona Malu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265697|Jean Rene Katshiela Lungala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265699|Christian Katsuva Sikuli]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265701|Kakusi Katsuva Syahembulwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265705|Cyprien Kaubo Mutula Lwa Matanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265706|Ambroise Kawesha Mutundo Ule]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265708|Jean Kayenga Bandakela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265709|Annie Kayiba Muambuyi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265710|Dieudonne Kayombo Sekesenu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265712|Dieudonné Kazadi Nyembwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265714|Bernard Kazwala Mayanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265716|Andre Mobikisi Kembe Ntambwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265717|Alphonse Kembukuswa Nlaza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265721|Marceline Kibambe Lubangi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265723|Gauthier Kididi Kiki Kilolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265725|Ghislain Kienge Dyashi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265727|Marie Jeanne Kika Zamuda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265729|Wilfrid Kikadi Gapongolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265730|Ruffin Kikapa Kipanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265731|Eric Kilengwa Lubambu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265734|Jacques-Protais Kimeme Bin Rukohe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265735|Christophe Kingotolo Lunianga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265738|Simon Kisala Wabongya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265740|Eric Kisimba Kimbalunanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265744|Leon Kisolokele Lukelo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265746|Yves Etienne Kisombe Bisika Lisasi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265748|Etienne Kisunka Cola]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265749|Jean Oscar Kiziamina Kibila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265752|Jacques Koko Igumba Mussa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265754|Boniface Konde Muwelwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265755|Bernardin Kondokelwa Itunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265756|Desire Koyengete Solo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265757|Jean Pierre Kpawili Wedogulune]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265758|Rabbin Kpenumo Moolongawi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265761|Michel Kumaluta Shangu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265763|Fulbert Kunda Kisenga Milundu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265765|Emmanuel Kutonda Kolami Kiala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265773|Jean Pierre Kutudisa Panda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265775|Damien Kwabene Mwetaminwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265776|Gerard Kwungwasa Nakahuga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265777|Jean Louis Ernest Kyaviro Malemo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265781|Jean-Pierre Labughe Izaley]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265783|Francois Lemba Sala Midimo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265785|Sebastien Lessendjina Ikwame]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265787|Claudien Likulia Lifoma]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265788|Alexis Likunda Ndolo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265789|Pascal Lipemba Ikpanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265791|Jean-Claude Logo Mugenyi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265794|Eugene Lomata Etitingi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265832|Gaston Longina Bwana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265833|Edmond Longo Ki-Mbenza Makasi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265834|Titien Longomo Nsongo Iwawa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265835|Claude-Andre Lubaya wa Lubaya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265836|Raymond Luete Katembo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265837|Felicien Lukunga Katanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265840|Raphael Lusasi Kimangidi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265841|Jacques Luzito Isipako]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265843|Edmond Luzolo Lwa Nganga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265844|Cherry-Ernest Maboloko Ngulambangu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265845|Garri Mabongo Katembo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265846|Georgine Madiko Mulende]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265847|Cyrille Makepa Ntambue]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265848|Alain Makhana Manzenza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265849|Emmanuel Makiadi Ma Kinkela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265850|Prince Sylvestre Makila Ngakiber Swani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265851|Makonero Wildor]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265852|Pierre Maloka Makondji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265853|Le Bon Mambo Mawa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265854|Jean Paul Mambu Mbumi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265855|Bosco Mananga Ma Tshiama]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265856|Fulgence Mangbanzo Dua Engenza]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265857|Godefroid Mankumbwa Yasupa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265858|Cyrille Manzembele Kokongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265859|Baudouin Manzombi Kulumbamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265860|Mapati Kahindo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265861|Hubert Masala Loka Mutombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265862|Augustin Mashauri Baganda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265863|Christophe Masumbuko Bashomba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265864|Jean Felix Mata Ebeka Ebama]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265865|Matabishi Musakani Wavungire]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265866|Gaston Mathe Nzinzi Mula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265867|Georgette Matondo Kati Mayala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265869|Marcel Mazhunda Zanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265870|Donatien Mazono Ansur-Ankus]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265871|Jean Baptiste Mbalu Kikuta]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265872|Delphin Mbanza Mangwata]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265873|Alain Mbaya Kakasu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265876|Philipe Mbenza Kunietama]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265877|Chantal Mbenza Simba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265878|Helene Mbokashanga Mikobi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265880|Cyrille Mbuembue Kaseu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265881|Wilfrid Mbuya Mibanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265882|Daniel Mbuya Mukiewa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265884|Remy Metela Pulumba Mikaba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265885|Godefroid Midu Shamuhamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265888|Reginard Missa Amubuombe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265889|Luseela Mitendo Mwadi Yinda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265891|Joseph Nicolas Modua Molengomo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265892|Jean-Matthieu Mohulemby Bubangakozo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265894|Marie Moke Mambango]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265895|Jean-Baudouin Mokoha Monga Adogo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265896|Hubert Moliso Nendolo Bolita]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265898|Joseph Mpaka Malundama]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265899|Ruffin Mpaka Mawete]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265900|Jacques Mpanamo Ntamwenge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265901|Michel Mpasi-A-Mbongo Dora]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265902|Bernard Mpetshi Wooto]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265903|Matthieu Mpungue Muitshika]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265905|Benjamin Muamba Mulunda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265906|Deogratias Mubalama Kashamangali]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265908|Didier Mudizo Musengo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265909|Charles Muhigirwa Mulume Oderwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265910|Alphonse Muhind Kasole]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265911|Muhindo Matayo Sengemoya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265913|Jean Lama Mukalay Bikuhangila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265914|Jean Christophe Mukanya Nkashama]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265915|Jean Pierre Mukeba Tshikala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265917|Jean Martin Mukonkole Kibengie Muki]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265918|Theo Mukwabatu Buka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265919|Zenon Mukwakani Gahungu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265920|Donatien Mulamba Katoka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265922|Octave Mulaya Mapatano]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265923|Arthur Mulumba Izuela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265924|Jean Mulunda Shimbi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265925|Alain Mulya Kalonda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265926|Alphonse Munamire Mungu-Akonkwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265927|Thomas Munayi Muntu Monji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265928|Munongo Ban’chy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265929|Dieudonne Mupata Lugalu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265930|Raymond Mushesha Ndoole]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265937|Crispin Mutumbe Mbuya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265938|Thomas Muulwa Kataala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265939|Jacques Muyumba Ndubula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265940|Marc Mvwama Anedu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265941|Marc Mwamikedi Makani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265942|Mwenze Mutombo Nkundu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265944|Pascal-Joseph M'vula Kapome]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265945|Adrien Nawezia Chikwand]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265946|Rene Nday Kabongo Kyanza Ngombe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265947|Laurent Ndaye Nkondo Mulekelayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265948|Gilbert Ndjaba Kpande]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265949|Djonio Ndjoku Nyou]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265950|Helene Ndombe Sita]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265951|Albert Ndombele Locko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265952|Pascal Ndudi Ndudi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265953|Ne Muanda Semi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265955|Jean Pierre Ngabu Kparri]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265956|Mamie Ngalula Kalala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265957|Emmanuel Ngbalindie Sasa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265959|Wilfried Ngoie wa Mwenze]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265960|Ngokosso Apa Michel Pierre]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265961|Sebastien Ngolomingi Mpele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265962|Joseph Ngoma Di Nzau Matone]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265963|Ngoma Kosi Abdoul]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265966|Jean Nathanaël Ngoyi Mukanku]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265967|Victor Nguala Bananika]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265968|Seraphin Ngwande Mebale-Balezu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265969|Celestin Nkenda Kaslema]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265970|Nephtali Nkizinkiko Mpawe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265972|Jean Pierre Nsiala wa Bansiala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265973|Nsimba Lutete Esaie]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265974|Nicolas Nteny Olelle Afya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265975|Camille Ntombolo Mutuala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265976|Isidore Ntumba Mwangung]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265977|Willy Mercier Ntumba Petumpenyi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265979|Roger Ntumba Torro wa Ntumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265980|Raphaël Nyabirungu Mwene Songa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265981|Seraphin Nyami Ngwamashi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265982|Louise Nzazi Muana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265983|N’dom Nda Ombel Constant]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265984|Michel N'sole Mokoruboba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265985|Robert N'zikianda Ankolia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265986|Jean Obote Sirika]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265987|Gustave Omba Bindimono]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265988|Leon Ozana Wezago]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265989|Paluku Mikundi Vikwirahangi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265990|Gilbert Paluku wa Mutheti]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265991|Patcho Panda Jakulu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265993|Pay Pay Wa Siagasiche]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265994|Genevieve Pea-Pea Ndembo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265995|Telesphore Pero Mahopa Banyath]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265996|Sylvain Pitshi Ndambi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265997|Jean Paul Pond Kayamb]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265998|Theobald-Blaise Rogho Ngimale]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112265999|Georges Sabiti Muhire]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266000|Thomas Vincent De Paul Safari wa Kibancha]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266002|Sekimonyo Wa Magango Come]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266003|Pascal Selinga Kodeye-Wene]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266005|Martin Shalo Dudu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266006|Vincent Sibkasibka Malaume]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266007|Jacques Sima Krulikemun]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266008|Casimir Sindani Anyama]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266009|Sindani Mulonde Esdras]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266010|Gilbert Sugabo Ngbulabo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266011|Fernand Sumari Balike]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266012|Paul-Ignace Sumbu Longhomo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266013|Alexis Takizala Masoso]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2006
| 2011
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266014|Nestor Tela Falanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266015|Fidele Tingombay Mondonga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266016|Marc Tshata Sakapumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266017|Marcel Tshibuyi Mitambe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266018|Georges Tshilenge Mbuyi Shambuyi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266021|Jerome Tshombe Nawej]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266023|Jean Bosco Ukumu Nyamuloka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266025|Jean Marie Uvoya Cwinya'y]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266026|Pierre-Claver Uweka Ukaba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266027|Yvon Uwor Cwinya'ay]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266028|Felix Vundwawe Te Pemako]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266043|Joseph Wando Wandata]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266045|Melanie Wisso Eyenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266047|Yvon Yanga Kidiamene]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266048|Seraphin Zimba-Zimba Mw-Ah-Kikar]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112266049|Fabien Emery Zulu Kilo Abi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112274911|Sacré Inioki]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113824423|Bungishabaku Katho]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118692962|Françoise Milolo Tshianda Malu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124052241|Marie Kyet Mutinga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mutinga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125322637|Marie-Claire Kengo Wa Dondo Mokandakese]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2024-02-12
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126265818|Guy Kabombo Muadiamvita]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131010382|Paulin Lendongolia Lebabonga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Paulin LENDONGOLIA LEBABONGA.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131217355|Emil Saidi Balikwisha]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Emil Saidi Balikwisha.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131429411|Katembo mafugula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131429562|Kasereka siwako]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131538867|Patrick Salumu Witakenge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131577666|Mumbere Bwanapuwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Eric Mumbere Bwanapuwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131666832|Christian Kitungwa Muteba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Christian Kitungwa Muteba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131709774|Katembo Mafungula Christian]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131711817|Kamwelungu Mwanga Silvano]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131715939|Kambale Kibakoze Moise]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131716085|Birianze Desire]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131716217|Kasereka Kisanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131716307|David Kamuha]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131716341|Kakule Mwira]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131716403|Jannot Muinda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131718342|Musavuli Kipasa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131718879|Mumbere Sikulu David]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131718990|Ramazani Thereze]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131719038|Mburalo Axcel]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131719384|Bikoe Morisho]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131720634|Grégoire MUTSHAIL MUTOMB KANGAJI]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131845049|Jean-Jacques Myewa Elakano]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131845239|Patrick Baka wa bana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131845526|Tchakubuto TH]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131847129|Théophile Basoshi Iubwe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131847316|Nyamangyoku ishibwela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131847556|Miruho akili prospère]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131849818|Bahati mahingete Serge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131850232|Bisimwa batadi Frédéric]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131850299|Ndusi nkebe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131850345|Banywesiye vital]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131850727|Kitumahini debirira Didier]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2024-02-12
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131852188|Mirindi masheka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131852332|Ndatabaye kajibwami]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131852392|Lutala mutiki Trésor]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131852558|Shirulwire bulala basengezi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131853047|Kubaka kalimba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131853221|sumahili miseka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131858914|Misare Mugoberwa Claude]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131861980|Amini kabaka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131862229|Kokola kantitima]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131862431|Kitumahini debirira]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131868205|Samuel Adubang'O Awotho]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131901808|Kauta Amuri Nyembo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131901817|Raymond Akisu Adjule]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131901847|Etienne Andrito Alendo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131902414|Robert Agenong'A]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131902457|Jean-Marie Akandabo Imbay]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131902517|Joseph Alimasi Kingungu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131902528|Shemu Amini Kabaka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131902540|Kizito Amule Arakayo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131902565|Jeef Andaka Gbadani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131902582|Vincent Andulu Enzongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131902749|Emmanuel Bahati Baseme]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131903269|Eustache Banza Nsomwe A Nfunkwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131903307|Enock Batsotsi Nyamwisi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131903327|Yannick Barwani Lumbala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131903507|Emmanuel Bakabi Abusa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131904090|Sevérin Bamany Mobely]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131904252|Nono Berocan Kerauke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131904301|Astrid Biduaya Sephora]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131904613|Etienne Bimwala Ron Roger]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131904682|Frédéric Bisimwa Batandi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131904717|Donatien Bitini Talabau]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131905495|Elisé Bokumwana Maposo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131905526|Félix Bosekota Mbana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131905567|Freddy Bonzeke Iliki]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131905650|Fiston Bokundoa Angembe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131905707|Benjamin Bedi Mongay]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131905759|Justin Bendesana N'Zama]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131905782|Dieudonné Bhileni Cwanya'Ay]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131905833|Alain Biayi Mbuyi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131905894|Claude Bila Minlangu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131911341|Victor Bindu Tshangata]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131911367|Georges Bokondu Mukuli]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131911386|Zacharie Botuli Yekya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131915203|Etienne Bukasa Ntumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131915281|Romain-Landry Bussa Mbule]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131915344|Jean-Claude Bwanganga Tawaba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131915381|Jacques Cime Wangunwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131915412|Éloi Cubaka Kalimba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131915420|Marcel Dandu Ekutu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131915427|Florent Deba Abonogwo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131915456|Samuel Degba Mozabi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131915485|Thali Dasyo Mokfe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131915507|Baltazar Cola Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126251|Jerry Dikala Majed Lubanzadio]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126300|Yemo Mobutu Dongo Yemo Mobutu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126336|John Efambe Ekamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126362|Marc Ekila Likombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126404|Jean Lambert Ekumbaki Ombata]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126446|Xavier Emedi Amuri]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126482|Patrick Eshiba Kasemuana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126511|Zéphirin Fumumapanda Malamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126567|Venance Eyanga Mboyo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126615|Aimé-Jean-Maurice Emela Moninga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126668|Ghislain Embusa Endole-Ya-Lele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132126723|Célestin Katshi Ekoto Loleke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132130340|Jacques Colin Efoya Bokeko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132130367|Hipolyte Djongambo Ndjadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132130447|Alexis Gisaro Muvunyi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132130481|Venance Ibuli Ebula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132130508|Jovany Ilunga Luyoyo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132130561|Désiré Iwolo Banyafia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132130593|Albert Iwondo Ilonga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132130608|Hermes Itina Mayamba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132130652|Francis Ilunga Wa Ilunga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132130664|Eddy Ilunga Mbuyu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132133346|Reagan Ilanga Bakonga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132134668|Adjio Gidi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132143557|Simon Gbalimo Mbedwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132143585|Berthos Kabey Diyal]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145132|Jean-Louis Kalamba Ngindu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145376|Espérant Kamanda Tshionyi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145448|Andre Kabemba Kabuele Wayulu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145480|John Kabeya Mbonda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145587|Olivier Kabeya Sombamanya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145646|Rebecca Kabika Kembe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145665|Augustin Kabuya Tshilumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145763|Diddy Kahilu Kawele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145792|Charles Kakule Sabungo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145810|Jean-Pierre Kalinde Kavimbwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145826|Albert Kamba Kayembe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145851|Célestin Kamb Kamulangul]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132145871|Ida Kamonji Nasserwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132146055|Guy ceta Kankonde Mpathou]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132146324|Alain Kantenga Kapenda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132146356|Alain Kapya Makumbo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132146414|Jean-Marie Kaseya Tshingambo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132146427|Nene Kashinde Avodjoa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132147265|Isabelle Kitumaini Nangabo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132147319|Elie Kolongo Darwezi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132147342|Synim Lenge Ngoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132147376|Jean Laury Lilongo Botshili]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132147414|Jelina Linyonga Za Nyalembe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132147472|Christophe Lofose Empangi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132147643|Nicholson Fils Longo Longo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132147894|Didier Kitumaini Ndebirira]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132151282|Désiré Casimir Kolongele Eberande]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132151311|Bosco Kombi Pendani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132151398|Trésor Limengo Ikolonga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132151439|Franck Lomasa Otoko Dombelo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132151468|Vincent-Medard Lonombe-Kon-Lonombe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132153470|Peter Lopose Motigea]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132153494|Théoveul Lotika Likwela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132153529|Serge Junior Lukadi Mulumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132153557|Serge Makongo Kangantima]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132153582|Emmanuel Makonga Kabila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2024-02-12
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132153635|Nene Mainzana Mapoko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132153695|Tity Lonsala Nsombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132153803|Taylor Lubanga Muambi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132157974|Mickael Lukoki Nsimba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mickael Lukoki Nsimba portrait RDC 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132158163|Cesar Matabaro Rwamanyuku]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132158250|Jospin Mateso Savo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132158331|Donatien Matoko Luemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132158407|Marcel Matumpa Buka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132166849|Meschack Mandefu Muela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132167102|Elvis Atsongya kiyaya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132167162|Ruphin Mangbau Mongungu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132167454|Blanchard Mangomba Bomeya]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132167457|François Mayani Paku]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132167766|Gloire Mbemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132167835|Adam Mbaya Kavulambedi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132167875|Joseph Mbaya Kabwe Wa Muadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132167924|Edmond Mbanz A Mbang]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132167987|Mavungu Mavungu Alain Stallone]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132168069|Zola Matomina Nsuela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132168107|Celestin Matili Esanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132168228|Boniface Matanda Kabanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132168399|Doudou mangu mangu dunia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132171126|Pierre Celestin Mbodina Iribi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132174974|Didier mbuyi mundela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132175333|Bruno Miteyo Nyenge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132175420|Jacqueline Daida Moleka Anongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132175466|David Mompaka Iyeli]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132175497|Aimé Pascal Mongo Lokonda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132175564|Godé Mpoy Kadima]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132175652|Jean-Paul Muber Jauli]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132175740|Charles Muhadila Kapenda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181463|Marcel Mufungizi Musharhamina]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181527|Janvier Msenyibwa Apele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181570|Michel Moto Muhima]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181600|Isidore Monzia Lingula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181625|Richard Mona Mbumu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181633|Obedi Muhindo Simisi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181652|Richard Mukaya Kazadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181686|Christian Mukendi Kalemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181712|Jerry Mulamba Mande]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181733|Edo-Pascal Mulangu Kalala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181752|Wenslens Mulenga Upala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181786|Donatien Muloko Kamwanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181817|Thierry Mulumba Mpandanjila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181848|Guy Geoffrey Munana Ramazani]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132181890|Symphorien Mungala Mputu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132182786|Jules Mumbere Mathe]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132183045|Edouard Mulumba Mudiandambu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132183081|Guelord Mulimbi Kasongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132184003|Jean De Dieu Mulenda Ebondo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132184191|Didier Anicet Mukoko Kinamvuid]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132184217|Jérôme Muntu Woma]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132184283|André Mushongo Mashara]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132184381|Trésor Muyeye Lutongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132184406|Patrick Mvuanda Nzola]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132184411|Jethro Muyombi Tshimbu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132184483|Joseph Muteba Kasambay]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132184514|Moise Mussa Kabwankubi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132184531|Guy Musomo Wapemba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132184549|François Mungu Jakisa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132189165|Patrick Namazihana Bachoke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132189220|Fortunat Ndambo Mandjuandju]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132189694|Justin Ndayisimye Hererimana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132189879|Ernest Ndengo Bapelembi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132189911|Jean Marie Vianney Ndjaza Linde]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132189950|Jean Paul Ngabu Tsunde]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132190445|Yannick Mambu Mbasa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132190542|Jean-Marie Mangobe Bomungo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132190636|Bienvenu Mangonza Bayekele]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132198283|Paquis Nganini Atabakutuba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132198382|Jean Trésor Ngea Dala]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132198807|Sébastien Ndosiba M'Vanzi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132199226|Mwamus Mwamba Mushikonke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132201448|Jean-Baptiste Ndefu Swatongi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132201549|Amedée Ndatabaye Kajibwami]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132201594|Ghislain Ndala Mbayo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132291639|Flory Mapamboli Posa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132291967|Béatrice Masangu Bito]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132399132|Joseph Mwina Kyangebeni]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132399524|Laurent Ngila Moke]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132400009|Paul Gaspard Ngondankoy]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132400431|Alexis Ngoy Kasole Malob]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132400919|Bernard Nkosso Lokakao]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132401505|Julhy N'Sele Zinga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132401807|Antoine Ntabala Rwankuba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132402111|Ephremy Nsumbu Tenda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ephremy-Nsumbu-Tenda-2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132402598|Olivier Nsendula Kazadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132403010|Tonton Nkoy Ampango]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132403290|Didier Nkongo Bamvangila]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132455065|Robert Niondo Toko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456273|Alexis Nguele Isikia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456528|Jean Ngoy Mvunzi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456682|Fabrice Ngoyi Kazadi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456757|Yves Ngongo Otenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456779|Charmant Eliezer Ntambwe Mposhi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456802|Pierre Nyenemo Sanguma]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456849|Lambert Osango Nsenga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456899|Nancy Phemba Nkongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456924|Levis Rukema Makangura]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456944|Makuke Kapako Paluku Siwako]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456969|Robert Orodrio Angupi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456984|Aam'Zih Nzuzi Kasa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132456998|Obedi Nyamangyoku Ishibwela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132457144|Léonard She Okitundu Lundula]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132457174|Emile Sumaili Miseka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132457827|Th Tchakubuta Mufaume]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2024-02-12
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132457968|Antoine Titan Eden Kalonji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132458100|Pacio Tshianza Mikobi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132458295|Francis Tshibalabala Mukunayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132458477|Dan Tshanda Kalengayi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132458627|Antoine Tokongo Tokoko]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132458806|Jacques Titako Ongoki]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132458989|Pierre Sumey Kitenge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132459079|Benoit Shakasaka Tete]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132459122|Jean-Paul Segihobe Begira]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132459140|Norbert Samaki Andutini]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132459166|Jimmy Tshibangu Kabenji]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132459206|Éric Tshikuma Mwimbayi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132459299|John Tshimenga Mutombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132472152|Isaac Tshiswaka Tshilombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132472216|Aldos-Ali Tshitoko Kapanda]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132472347|Isis Tumba Mbombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132472650|Elie Tungunga Kasongo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132472769|Richard Tukotu Walanga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132472789|Armand Tshitende Miteyo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132473455|Marcel Tshipepele Ntumba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132473483|Jean-Pierre Tshimanga Bwana]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132473550|Isaac Jean Claude Tshilumbayi Musawu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132473660|Maurice Tshikuya Kayembe]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132473688|André Wameso Nkualoloki]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2024-02-12
| 2024-06-15
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132473737|Laddy Yangotikala Senga]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132473790|Charlotte Yumba Tshimbu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132473827|Marcel Zuma Anibie]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132473881|Samuel Yumba Mwanabute]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132474235|John Yav Nawej]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132474574|Placide Wenda Mukangwa]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132474892|Gaspard Wampeti Epoka]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132527415|Glody Masudi Kalombo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132527541|Justin Masimo Monzimba]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132527612|Gustave Masanga Kapenge]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
pjssy9sokzxzq40e4uqevooitm16zp2
Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Kenya
2
66707
622427
622140
2026-06-16T04:55:46Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622427
wikitext
text/x-wiki
This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the National Assembly who was a member twice does not show twice.
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q17510786 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q17510786/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q17510786/P580:Start date,P39/Q17510786/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| [[Wangari Maathai]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q2538511|Kenya Colony]]''<br/>[[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Wangari Matthai 2001 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Mwai Kibaki]]
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1974<br/>1963
| 2013-01<br/>2013-03-28
| [[Fáìlì:Mwai Kibaki (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Raila Odinga]]
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992-12-29
| 2013-01-17
| [[Fáìlì:Raila Amolo Odinga 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58188|Moses Wetangula]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Moses Wetangula (Moses Francis Masika Wetang'ula) of the Republic of Kenya in 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121708|Moses Mudavadi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q195725|William Ruto]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:William Ruto 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Uhuru Kenyatta]]
| olóṣèlú, Kẹ́nyà
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2003-01
| 2013-01
| [[Fáìlì:PMO IMG 5262 (40547346173) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q346046|Elijah Lagat]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2007
| 2013
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q447119|Wesley Korir]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013-03-28
| 2017-07-16
| [[Fáìlì:Wesley Korir 2012 Boston Marathon.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q457713|Newton Kulundu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q469641|Grace Emily Akinyi Ogot]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q539821|Charity Ngilu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Hon. Charity Kaluki Ngilu at Opening Session.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q593552|Michael Kijana Wamalwa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2003
| [[Fáìlì:Wamalwapotr.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q645228|Jaramogi Oginga Odinga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Jaramogi Oginga Odinga (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q710549|Arthur Magugu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q733817|George Saitoti]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:George Saitoti (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q743818|David Kimutai Too]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q860562|Bildad Kaggia]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Bildad Kagia. Nairobi. 1949.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1030776|Mohamed Yusuf Haji]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2003
| 2013-03
| [[Fáìlì:Yusufhaji.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1175814|David Musila]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1372633|Gitobu Imanyara]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1999
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1395018|Kalonzo Musyoka]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1985
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Kalonzo Musyoka1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1507950|George Muhoho]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1708590|Joshua Orwa Ojode]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1954003|Musalia Mudavadi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Musalia Mudavadi, Prime Cabinet Secretary and Cabinet Secretary for Foreign and Diaspora Affairs of Kenya, at the Department of State in Washington, D.C. on February 1, 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2013243|Oburu Odinga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2189073|Raphael Tuju]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2287087|Simeon Nyachae]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2607345|Kenneth Marende]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:The Speaker, Lok Sabha, Smt. Meira Kumar meets the Speaker of the Parliament of Kenya, Mr. Kenneth Marende, EGH, during the 56th Conference of Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, in Nairobi, Kenya, on September 14, 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2662202|Mugabe Were]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2823023|Achieng Oneko]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Jomo Kenyatta Apa Pant and Acheing Oneko.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2843930|Amos Kimunya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Amos Kimonya, IMF 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3113007|Grace Onyango]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Grace Onyango Kenyan MP.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Martha Karua]]
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Martha Karua.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3706976|Dick Wathika]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
| 2010-04-30
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3898130|Paul Ngei]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Moody Awori]]
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Moody Awori.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4540107|Charles Njonjo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1980
| 1983
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4591769|Koigi wa Wamwere]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4663137|Ababu Namwamba]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Hon Ababu Namwamba taking oath of office as Minister for Sports and Youth Affairs before President Mwai Kibaki at Harambee House, Nairobi 2013-08-23 17-37.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664957|Yusuf Hassan Abdi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Yusuf Hassan Abdi (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664971|Abdikadir Hussein Mohamed]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664992|Abdirahman Ali Hassan]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665260|Abdul-Ali Bahari]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4670109|Abu Chiaba]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4680594|Adan Keynan Wehliye]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31<br/>1997
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:Wehiye, Adan Keynan cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4682154|Aden Bare Duale]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Kenya Defense Cabinet Secretary Aden Duale at the Kenya Ministry of Defense in Nairobi, Kenya on September 25, 2023 - 230925-D-PM193-2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4682177|Aden Sugow]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4696013|Ahmed Shakeel Shabbir Ahmed]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4705081|Sam Ongeri]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sam Ongeri (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4717538|Alex Muthengi Mwiru]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4723008|Alfred Khang'ati]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4723231|Alfred Odhiambo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4723395|Alfred Sambu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4725044|Ali Mohamud Mohamed]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4807410|Asman Kamama]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4812751|Atanas Keya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4861331|Barnabas Muturi Mwangi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4887267|Benedict Fodo Gunda]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4888887|Benjamin Jomo Washiali]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4897658|Beth Wambui Mugo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2007
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Beth Wambui Mugo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931560|Boaz Kipchumba Kaino]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4942502|Bonny Khalwale]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5000973|Burudi Nabwera]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5021394|Calist Andrew Mwatela]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5056517|Cecily Mutitu Mbarire]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cecily Mutitu Mbarire.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5076212|Charles Keter]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Hon’ble Charles Keter shakes Yukiya Amano's hand (05010387) (46039052902) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5079790|Charles Kilonzo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5080381|Charles Lugano]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5081173|Charles Mutisya Nyamai]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5081372|Charles Onyancha]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Charles Onyancha.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5082206|Charles Rubia]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5101863|Chirau Ali Mwakwere]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5107549|Chris Murungaru]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1998
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5107643|Chris Okemo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5112986|Christopher Obure]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:Christopher Obure.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5131357|Clement Kungu Waibara]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5131380|Clement Muchiri Wambugu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5200387|Cyprian Ojwang Omollo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5201109|Cyrus Jirongo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5211525|Dalmas Otieno]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5218210|Daniel Muoki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5218224|Daniel Musyoka Mutinda]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5221098|Danson Mungatana]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5221099|Danson Mwazo Mwakulegwa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5222951|Darius Msagha Mbela]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1998
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5233422|David Eseli Simiyu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5233438|David Ethuro]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ekwee David Ethuro Senate of Poland 2015 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5236093|David Koech]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5237863|David Mwaniki Ngugi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5237864|David Mwiraria]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:David Mwiraria, IMF 2004.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5240969|David Were]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5346713|Edwin Ochieng Yinda]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5360552|Elias Mbau]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5360973|Elijah Mwangale]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5363291|Elizabeth Ongoro]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5371996|Emillio Kathuli]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5382308|Ephraim Maina]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5385013|Erastus Kihara Mureithi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5401255|Esther Murugi Mathenge]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042423|Njenga Karume]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Njenga Karume 060808-N-0411D-015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042468|Njoki Susanna Ndung'u]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2003
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Njoki Ndungu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042591|Nkoidilla Lankas]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7045471|Noah Wekesa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Noah Wekesa - 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7052649|Norman Nyagah]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7067636|Ntoitha M'mithiaru]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7071124|Nyiva Mwendwa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7089757|Omar Mbwana Zonga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7108730|Otieno Kajwang]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1998
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Gerald Otieno Kajwang Tartus, 9. mai 2014 - Foto Lilian Lukka.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7146063|Patrick Ayiecho Olweny]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7146899|Patrick Kariuki Muiruri]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7152646|Paul Muite]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7152844|Paul Otuoma]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7168746|Peris Chepchumba]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7172546|Peter Anyang' Nyong'o]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Kisumu Governor Anyang Nyong'o giving speech.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7173815|Peter Edick Omondi Anyanga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7175166|Peter Kenneth]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Assistant Minister Peter Kenneth.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7175181|Peter Kiilu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7175990|Peter Munya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Peter Munya - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7176115|Peter Njoroge Baiya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7176116|Peter Njeru Ndwiga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1335242|Embu County]]''
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7176118|Peter Njuguna Gitau]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7176205|Peter Ochieng Odoyo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7176221|Peter Oloo-Aringo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:Peter Oloo-Aringo 1986.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7183298|Philip Leakey]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7225856|Pollyins Ochieng Anyango]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7288734|Ramadhan Seif Kajembe]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7293983|Raphael Lentimalo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7327862|Richard Momoima Onyonka]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7346378|Robert Kiptoo Kipkorir]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7348145|Robert Onsare Monda]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7353047|Robinson Njeru Githae]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Robinson Njeru Githae.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7405193|Sally Kosgei]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7409808|Sammy Mwaita]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7411903|Samuel Kambi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7425832|Sasura Hussein Tarry]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7514201|Silas Muriuki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7519199|Simon Lesirma]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7555005|Soita Shitanda]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7563913|Sospeter Ojaamong]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7599814|Stanley Munga Githunguri]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7672799|Taaitta Toweett]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7791963|Thomas Ludindi Mwadeghu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7809140|Tiras Nyingi Ngahu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2012-09
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7926175|Victor Munyaka]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7959445|Wafula Wabuge]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7972008|Washington Jakoyo Midiwo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8000077|Wilber Otichilo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Portrait Image of Dr. Wilber Khasilwa Ottichilo - 2nd and Current Governor of Vihiga County.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8001838|Wilfred Machage]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8001849|Wilfred Moriasi Ombui]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8013849|William Kabogo Gitau]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2010<br/>2002
| 2013<br/>2007
| [[Fáìlì:William Kabogo Gitau.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8014046|William Kipkorir]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2025-02-15
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8016314|William Odongo Omamo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:W.omamo-potrait208-1187..jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8016331|William Ole Ntimama]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8023122|Wilson Litole]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8039607|Wycliffe Oparanya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Wycliffe Oparanya UNDP HQ 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8061937|Yusuf Chanzu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8063982|Zachary Onyonka]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8065041|Zakayo Cheruiyot]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8068252|Zebedeo John Opore]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11249433|Gideon Moi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11854485|Bonaya Godana]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2006
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12053090|Najib Balala]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Najibu Balala - MP for Mvita.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15733971|Ali Rasso Dido]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15993157|Mutula Kilonzo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mutula Kilonzo UNDP 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16007821|Thomas Johnson Kuto Kalume]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:The Rt.Rev.Thomas Johnson Kalume.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16013714|James Nyamweya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16014097|Moses Kiprono arap Keino]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16150817|Martin Nyaga Wambora]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Martin Wambora.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16152027|Wakoli Bifwoli]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16187229|Justin Muturi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1999
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Justin Muturi (MUS1515) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16192784|Mutahi Kagwe]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Mutahi Kagwe (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16194232|Humphrey Kimani Njuguna]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16194826|Irshadali Sumra]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16213140|Godhana Dhadho Gaddae]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16214164|Sabina Wanjiru Chege]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sabina Chege at John De'Mathew Memorial.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16226678|Benson Mbai Itwiku]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16499778|Joseph Lekuton]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730244|Amason Kingi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730543|Philip Kaloki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730551|Joseph Kamotho]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730588|Japhet Kareke Mbiuki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730905|Joseph Nganga Kiuna]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16731419|Moses Lessonet]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16732461|Julius Kibiwott Melly]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16732730|Hussein Maalim Mohamed]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733078|John Michael Njenga Mututho]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733083|Mwandawiro Mghanga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733644|Martin Otieno Ogindo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733692|Moses ole Sakuda]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734594|Samuel Poghisio]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Samuel Losuron Poghisio.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16842239|Sonia Birdi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16843221|Nderitu Gachagua]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16864850|Abdul Rahim Dawood]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16866303|Kinoti Gatobu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16866321|Kembi Gitura]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16885582|Naomi Shaban]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16886147|Peris Tobiko]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17198176|Shukran Hussein Gure]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Shukrangure.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17386192|Grace Kiptui]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17411041|Fatuma Ibrahim Ali]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17464750|Kipng'eno Arap Ng'eny]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17509770|Adhu Awiti]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18098773|Robert Pukose]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18207112|Samuel Chumel Moroto]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2001<br/>2017-08-31
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18217506|Grace Jelagat Kipchoim]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2018-04-20
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18388019|Khatib Mwashetani]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18417138|Nancy Ascencio]]''
|
| [[Fenesuela]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18612608|Fred Mbiti Gideon Mati]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18629013|Marsden Madoka]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19008951|George Muchai]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19386807|Philip Godana]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19604826|Robert Mbui]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19604843|Jackson Kasanga Mulwa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19662588|Filemon F. Indire]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Professor Indire visiting a park in Illinois, USA.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20744564|Isaac Mwaura]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:SEN. DR ISAAC MWAURA.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982198|George Nyamweya]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062735|Gideon Mwiti]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22003006|Mohamed Abdi Affey]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:2015 08 Hiran Shebelle Formation-9 (20400044455).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22278744|Moses Kuria]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Moses Kuria - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22279006|Richard Makenga]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23808689|George Ndung’u Mwicigi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23887512|Timothy Wanyonyi Wetangula]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:HON. TIM WANYONYI.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24006889|Esther Passaris]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Esther Passaris.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24892770|Ngala Mwendwa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25113132|Daniel Karaba]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Senator Dickson Daniel Karaba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26923586|Alice Wahome]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Alice Wahome - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28113009|Irungu Kang'ata]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:IKangata.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28967580|Sakaja Johnson]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sakaja in 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29533497|Thomas Okelo-Odongo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1963
| 1969
| [[Fáìlì:Tom Okelo Odongo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29572473|Simon Mbugua]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30323725|Wavinya Ndeti]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Wavinya2.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Naisula Lesuuda]]
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Naisula lesuuda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38459259|Kipsengeret Koros]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38668434|Janet Ong'era]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Janet ongera picture.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43927930|Muthomi Njuki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Muthomi nJUKI.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46190459|Francis Nyenze]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31<br/>1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46358834|Nimrod Mbai]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Nimrod Mbai Portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47483883|Elsie Busihile Muhanda]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47486849|Gertrude Mbeyu Mwanyanje]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47489018|David Losiakou Pkosing]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47489037|Michael Mwangi Muchira]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47489052|Gladys Wanga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Wanga in 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47489064|Kulow Maalim Hassan]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47489991|Gladwell Jesire Cheruiyot]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490021|Joyce Chepkoech Korir]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490030|Catherine Nanjala Wambilianga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490033|Jane Jepkorir Kiptoo Chebaibai]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490034|Jane Wanjuki Njiru]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490037|Anab Mohamed Gure]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490038|Rehema Dida Jaldesa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490039|Janet Marania Teyiaa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490043|Florence Bore]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490045|Gathoni Wamuchomba]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490046|Purity Wangui Ngirici]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490048|Rozaah Akinyi Buyu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490049|Irene Muthoni Kasalu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490050|Zuleikha Ju Ma Hassan]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490051|Catherine Wanjiku Waruguru]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490052|Ruweida Mohamed Obo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490053|Joyce Kamene]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490054|Rose Museo Mumo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490056|Amina Gedow Hassan]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490057|Safia Sheikh Adan]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490058|Kawira Mwangaza]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490059|Pamela Awuor Ochieng]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490061|Chelule Chepkorir Liza]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490062|Tecla Chebet Tum]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490064|Roselinda Soipan Tuya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Soipan latest photo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490065|Jerusha Mongina Momanyi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490066|Faith Wairimu Gitau]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Faith Gitau.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490068|Rahab Mukami Wachira]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490069|Maison Leshoomo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490071|Christine Ombaka]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490072|Lydia Haika Mnene Mizighi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Lydia Haika.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490073|Rehema Hassan]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490074|Beatrice Nkatha Nyaga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490075|Janet Nangabo Wanyama]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490076|Joyce Akai Emanikor]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490078|Gladys Jepkosgei-Boss Shollei]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490079|Beatrice Kahai Adagala]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47490080|Lilian Cheptoo Tomitom]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493894|Gideon Sitelu Konchela]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493900|Athanas Misiko Wafula Wamunyinyi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Deputy Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia Wafula Wamunyinyi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493905|David Gikaria]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493910|Isaac Waihenya Ndirangu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493913|Korei Ole Lemein]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493920|James Wambura Nyikal]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493923|Omar Mwinyi Shimbwa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493925|Charles Gumini Gimose]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493930|Samuel Arama]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493933|Richard Moitalei Ole Kenta]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493935|David Njuguna Kiaraho]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493938|Swarup Ranjan Mishra]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Swarup-ranjan-mishra.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493940|Alfred Agoi Masadia]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493944|James Lusweti Mukwe]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493946|Kassim Sawa Tandaza]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493951|James Mwangi Gakuya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493953|Ali Wario]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493956|Christopher Omulele]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493958|Mathenge James Kanini Kega]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493961|Ben George Orori Momanyi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493962|Johana Ngeno Kipyegon]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493964|Bady Twalib Bady]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493967|Suleiman Dori]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2020-03-09
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493970|George Theuri]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493974|Paul Simba Arati]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493977|William Kamuren Chirchir Chepkut]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493981|Sylvanus Maritim]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493985|Cornelly Serem]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493987|Samuel Onunga Atandi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Samuel Atandi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493990|John Walter Owino]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Hon. Walter Owino (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493992|Onesmas Kimani Ngunjiri]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47493997|Abdi Omar Shurie]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494001|Joshua Chepyegon Kandie]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494007|Nelson Koech]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494008|Innocent Momanyi Obiri]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494010|Zadoc Abel Ogutu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494192|Miruka Ondieki Alfah]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494197|Ronald Kiprotich Tonui]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494199|Beatrice Pauline Cherono Kones]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494200|John Oroo Oyioka]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31<br/>2015-05-04
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494201|Gideon Ochanda Ogolla]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494205|Raphael Bitta Sauti Wanjala]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494208|Moses Wekesa Mwambu Mabonga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494212|Japheth Kiplangat Mutai]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494217|Nicholas Scott Tindi Mwale]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494219|Joseph H Maero Oyula]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494223|Mugambi Murwithania Rindikiri]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494224|Moses Nguchine Kirima]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494225|Gideon Kimutai Koske]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494228|Wilson Kipngetich Kogo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494231|Patrick Munene Ntwiga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494238|Mohamed Dahir Duale]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494245|John Kiarie Waweru]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:John Kiarie Waweru.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494250|Benjamin Gathiru Mwangi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494255|Owino Paul Ongili Babu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494260|Julius Musili Mawathe]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494265|Alexander Kimutai Kigen Kosgey]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494270|Jeremiah Omboko Milemba]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494273|Abdikhaim Osman Mohamed]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494280|Wilberforce Ojiambo Oundo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494291|Said Buya Hiribae]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494292|Teddy Ngumbao Mwambire]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494295|Ali Wario Guyo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494298|Joseph Nduati Ngugi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494304|Annie Wanjiku Kibeh]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494306|Elisha Ochieng Odhiambo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494307|Robert Gichimu Githinji]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494309|Martha Wangari Wanjira]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494311|Gabriel Kago Mukuha]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494313|George Peter Opondo Kaluma]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494314|Cyprian Kubai Iringo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494318|Richard Maore Maoka]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31<br/>1992
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494319|John Paul Mwirigi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494321|Sophia Abdi Noor]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494323|Benard Masaka Shinali]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2013-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494329|Hassan Oda Hulufo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494330|Abdi Koropu Tepo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494331|Francis Munyua Waititu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494335|James Githua Kamau Wamacukuru]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494338|Eve Akinyi Obara]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494339|Mark Lomunokol]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494341|Joshua Kivinda Kimilu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494347|Elijah Memusi Kanchory]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31<br/>2015-05-04
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494350|Joseph Wathigo Manje]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494354|Metito Judah Katoo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494355|George Risa Sunkuyia]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494361|Paul Kahindi Katana]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494365|Clement Muturi Kigano]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494373|Fabian Kyule Muli]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494377|Oscar Kipchumba Sudi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494383|Andrew Adipo Okuome]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494386|Mercy Wanjiku Gakuya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494389|Charles Ong'ondo Were]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494393|James Kipkosgei Murgor]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494399|Daniel Kipkogei Rono]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494400|Christopher Aseka Wangaya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494404|Paul Koinange]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2021-03-31
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494407|Jude L Kangethe Njomo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494410|Kenneth Odhiambo Okoth]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2019-07-26
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494415|Jessica Nduku Kiko Mbalu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494421|Patrick Mweu Musimba]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31<br/>2013-10-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494424|Ruth W Mwaniki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494428|Samson Ndindi Nyoro]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:NDINDI.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494431|Anthony Kimani Ichung`wah]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494435|Owen Yaa Baya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494438|Richard Ken Chonga Kiti]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494444|Thaddeus Kithua Nzambia]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494446|Didmus Wekesa Barasa Mutua]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494460|Chrisantus Wamalwa Wakhungu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494464|Benjamin Dalu Stephen Tayari]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494467|Zachary Kwenya Thuku]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494470|Kirui Joseph Limo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494471|Hilary Kiplang'at Kosgei]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494473|John Munene Wambugu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494478|Ali Menza Mbogo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494480|Fred Odhiambo Ouda]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494484|Benson Makali Mulu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494493|David Mwalika Mboni]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495079|Samuel Kinuthia Gachobe]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495084|Junet Sheikh Nuh]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495101|Peter Francis Masara]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495114|Ahmed Bashane Gaal]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495116|Edward Oku Kaunya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495117|Geoffrey Omuse]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495122|James Gichuhi Mwangi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495127|George Gitonga Murugara]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495130|Patrick Kimani Wainaina Jungle]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495132|William Kamket Kassait]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495134|Josphat Gichunge Mwirabua Kabeabea]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495137|John Kanyuithia Mutunga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495143|Janet Jepkemboi Sitienei]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495147|John Lodepe Nakara]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495152|Lokiru Ali Mohammed]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495156|Christopher Doye Nakuleu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495159|Ekomwa Lomenen James]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495163|Daniel Epuyo Nanok]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495165|Christopher Odhiambo Karani]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495169|James Opiyo Wandayi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495175|Mark Ogolla Nyamita]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495177|Ernest Ogesi Kivai]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495180|Jones Mwagogo Mlolwa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495181|Rashid Kassim Amin]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495185|Ahmed Abdisalan Ibrahim]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495187|Mohamud Sheikh Mohammed]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495188|Ahmed Kolosh Mohamed]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31<br/>2019
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495190|Daniel Wanyama Sitati]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495194|Vincent Kemosi Mogaka]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495195|Danson Mwashako Mwakuwona]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47514875|Paul Githiomi Mwangi]]''
|
|
| 1995
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47516278|Mary Yiane Seneta]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48472383|Ukur Yatani Kanacho]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2006
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Ukur Yatani.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48773183|Marere wa Mwachai]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51029838|Edith Vethi Nyenze]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56072166|Fatuma Gedi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08
| 2022-08
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60048335|Francis Kagwima]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Francis Kagwima.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60332243|Florence Mwikali Mutua]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60332262|Asha Hussein Mohamed]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60332280|Japhet Miriti Kareke Mbiuki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65850416|Matthew Adams Karauri]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85837193|Benard Otieno Okoth]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86424308|Joseph Manje]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Hon Manje.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q88808420|Ochilo Ayacko]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Ochilo Ayacko potrait for governor.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q95692691|Francis Polisi Loile Lotodo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2001
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q95697298|James Murgor]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96362528|Alfred Kiprato Kerich]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98118573|Dennitah Ghati]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q101071329|Benjamin Langat]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Benjamin Langat.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q103732378|Elijah K. Sumbeiywo]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105642336|Wanjiku Muhia]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Hon.wanjiku muhia.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106356656|Reggie Alexander]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1963
| 1967
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107222476|Rachel Shebesh]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107407467|Shaaban Ali Issack]]''
|
|
| 1994
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109070160|Wilson Sossion]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109570540|Mohammad Ali Mohamed]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111177826|John Ndirangu Kariuki]]''
|
|
| 2013-03-10
| 2017-07-16
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179918|David Ochieng Ouma]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179984|Halima Yussuf Mucheke]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179987|Jennifer Shamalla]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179989|Maina Kamanda]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179990|Nasri Sahal Ibrahim]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179991|Jacquiline Adhiambo Oduol]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111179993|Sammy Kipkorir Seroney]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111180002|Charles Kamuren]]''
|
|
| 2018-08
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111180007|David Ole Sankok]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111180017|Gideon Keter]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Image 2020-07-01 at 6.38.37 PM.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111180034|Godfrey Osotsi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188192|Zipporah Jesang Kurgat Kering]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188206|Abass Sheikh Mohamed]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188207|Abdi Noor Mohammed Ali]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188208|Abdikadir Omar Aden]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188209|Abdikadir Ore Ahmed]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188210|Abdulaziz Ali Farah]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188211|Abdullahi Jaldesa Banticha]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188212|Adan Mohamed Nooru]]''
|
|
| 1998
| 1002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188213|Alice Nyanchoka Chae]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188214|Alice Wambui Ng'ang'a]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188215|Amina Abdalla]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188216|Andrew Toboso Anyanga]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188217|Annah Nyokabi Gathecha]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188218|Anthony Mutahi Kimaru]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188219|Arthur Papa Odera]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188220|Augostinho Neto Oyugi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188221|Benard Kipkirui Bett]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188222|Benjamin Andola Andayi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188224|Benson Mutura Kangara]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188225|Bernard Munywoki Kitungi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188226|Bishop Robert Mutemi Mutua]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188227|Bonface Okhiya Otsiula]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188228|Cecilia Chelangat Ngetich]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188229|Charles Mongare Geni]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188230|Daniel Kazungu Muzee]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188231|David Karithi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188232|David Wafula Wekesa]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188233|Dennis Kariuki Waweru]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188234|Diriye Abdullahi Mohamed]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188235|Dorcas Luvalitsa Kedogo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188236|Chris Munga Nyamaratandi Bichage]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188237|Hellen Sambili]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5407838|Eugene Wamalwa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Eugine Ludovic Wamalwa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5415878|Evans Akula]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5429550|Fahim Yasin Twaha]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5434731|Farah Maalim Mohamed]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Faaraxsave.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5443920|Ferdinand Waititu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2015-05-04
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5455562|Fitz Remedios Santana de Souza]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5480460|Francis Chachu Ganya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5481874|Francis Masakhalia]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5482591|Francis Thombe Nyammo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5491306|Franklin Bett]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Franklin Bett.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5491660|Franklin Linturi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5495322|Fred Gumo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1994
| 2013
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5495634|Fred Kapondi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5498498|Frederick Outa Otieno]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5499421|Fredrick Oduya Oprong]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5536384|George Anyona]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5541326|George Khaniri]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5545223|George Thuo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5559628|Gideon Mung'aro]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5559630|Gideon Ndambuki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5561019|Gilbert Kabere M'mbijiwe]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5576439|Godfrey Gitahi Kariuki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5584340|Gor Sunguh]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5679565|Hassan Ali Joho]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5724462|Henry Kosgey]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6076813|Isaac Mulatya Muoki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6077048|Isaac Ruto]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6117200|Jackson Kiptanui]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6122859|Charles Njagua Kanyi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6134603|James Gichuru]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6137496|James Kwanya Rege]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6138825|James Maina Kamau]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6140626|James Ondicho Gesami]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6140628|James Omingo Magara]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6140639|James Orengo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2002
| [[Fáìlì:James Orengo in 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6147903|Jamleck Irungu Kamau]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Hon Jamleck Kamau.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6180863|Jeremiah J.M. Nyagah]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6180925|Jeremiah Ngayu Kioni]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6238091|John Harun Mwau]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2007
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Harun-mwau.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6243378|John Koech]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6248686|John Michuki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:John Michuki.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6249843|John Munyes]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6250396|John Ngata Kariuki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2007-12
| 2010-10
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6251185|John Olago Aluoch]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6252609|John Pesa Dache]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6268381|Johnson Nduya Muthama]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Johnstone Muthama.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6283465|Joseph Gachoki Gitari]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6285854|Joseph Nyagah]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6285933|Joseph Ole Nkaissery]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
| 2014-12-02
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6285990|Joseph Oyugi Magwanga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6287763|Joseph Wamukoya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6288275|Josephat Karanja]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6288277|Josephat Koli Nanok]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6289987|Joshua Kutuny]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6297432|Joyce Cherono Laboso]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2008-09-25
| 2017-08-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6309902|Julius Kipyegon Kones]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6309933|Julius Lekakeny Sunkuli]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6309975|Julius Murgor]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6343844|Kabando wa Kabando]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6377793|Katoo Ole Metito]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6405280|Kiema Kilonzo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406813|Kilemi Mwiria]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414629|Kipkalya Kones]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414697|Kiprono Langat]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414699|Kipruto Rono Arap Kirwa]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1990
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414781|Kiraitu Murungi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6418829|Kivutha Kibwana]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6418830|Kivuti Maxwell]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6514327|Lee Kinyanjui]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6536911|Lewis Nguyai Nganga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6550225|Linah Kilimo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Linah Jebii Kilimo, Chair of anti-FGM Board, Kenya, speaking at the Girl Summit 2014 (14724900665).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6681363|Lorna Laboso]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6696106|Lucas Chepkitony]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6701602|Luka Kigen]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6759579|Margaret Kamar]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6759998|Margaret Wanjiru]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6776584|Martin Shikuku]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6780919|Mary Wambui]]''
|
|
| 2013-03-28
| 2017-08-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6791519|Matthias Benedict Keah]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799567|Mbadi John Ng'ongo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799700|Mbiyu Koinange]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6848880|Mike Sonko]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2010-09-20
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Sonko in 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891252|Mohamed Hussein Ali]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891260|Mohamed Ibrahim Elmi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891343|Mohamed Maalim Mohamud]]''
|
| [[Ẹritrẹ́à]]<br/>[[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:MohamedMaalimMohamud.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6893179|Mohammed Kuti]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6915674|Moses Akaranga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6933478|Mukhisa Kituyi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mukhisa Kituyi - 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6937046|Munyua Waiyaki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6939960|Musa Sirma]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6943746|Mutava Musyimi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mutava Musyimi with Children in Gachoka.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944629|Mwalimu Masudi Mwahima]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944671|Festus Mwangi Kiunjuri]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6961671|Namesyus Warugongo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6967675|Nassir Nuh Abdi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6983763|Ndiritu Muriithi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6990527|Nelson Gaichuhie]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7025073|Nicholas Biwott]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1979
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7025483|Nicholas Gumbo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7041983|Nixon Kiprotich Korir]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Langata mp.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188238|Reginalda Nakhumicha Wanyonyi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188239|Simon Ogari]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188240|Susan Mbinya Musyoka]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188241|Edwin Kipruto Barchilei]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188242|Ejidius Njogu Barua]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188243|Elias Bare Shill]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188244|Elijah Mosomi Moindi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188245|Elisha Kipkorir Busienei]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188246|John Kiragu Chege]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188247|Stephen Muriuki Ngare]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188248|Eric Arap Keter]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188249|Esther Nyambura Gathogo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188250|Eusilah Jepkosgei Ngeny]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188251|Florence Kajuju]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188252|Francis Kigo Njenga]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188253|Francis Mwangangi Kilonzo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188254|Francis Waweru Nderitu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188255|G.J. Munuve Mati]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188256|George Mike Wanjohi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188257|George Oner Ogalo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188258|George Washinton Mallan Omondi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188259|Gideon Maitha]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188260|Halima Ware Duri]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188261|Harrison Garama Kombe]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188262|Hassan Abdi Dukicha]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188263|Hassan Aden Osman]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188264|Hassan Mohamed Mwanyoha]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188265|Hellen Chelangat Chepkwony]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188266|Hezron Awiti Bollo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188267|Willy Mtengo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188268|Ibrahim Abdi Saney]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188269|Ibrahim Ahmed Abass]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188270|Ibrahim Ahmed Sane]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188271|Jackson Kipkorir Rop]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188272|Jacob Waweru Macharia]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188273|James Kimaru Bett]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188274|James Ndungu Gethenji]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188275|Jane Agnes Wanjira Machira]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188276|Jared Odhiambo Opiyo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188277|Joash Odhiambo Olum]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188278|Joe Musyimi Mutambu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188279|Joel Onyancha]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188280|John Bomet Serut]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188281|John Karanja Kihagi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188282|John Muriithi Waiganjo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188283|John Njoroge Chege]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188284|John Ogutu Omondi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188285|John Owuor Onyango Kobado]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188287|Jonathan Lelelit Lati]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188288|Joseph M'eruaki M'uthari]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188289|Joseph Mburu Kahangara]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188290|Joseph Ngugi Nyumu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188291|Joseph Obiero Ndiege]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188292|Joseph Samal Lomwa]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188293|Joyce Wanjalah Lay]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188294|Julius Ndegwa Kariuki]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188295|Justice Kipsang Kemei]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188296|Ken Obura Mirenga]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188297|Lawrence Mpuru Aburi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188298|Leonard Kipkosgei Sang]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188299|Lisamula Silverse Anami]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188300|Mahbub Fathia]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188301|Manson Nyamweya]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188302|Marcus Mutua Muluvi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188303|Mary Emaase Otuch]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188304|Mary Njoki G Mbugua]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188305|Mary Sally Keraa]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188307|Mathew Lekidime Lempurkel]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188308|Maweu Kyengo Katatha]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188309|Michael Aringo Onyura]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188310|Michael Manthi Kisoi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188311|Mohamed Abdi Haji Mohamed]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188312|Mohamed Adan Huka]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188313|Mohamed Muktar Shidiye]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188315|Mwinga Gunga Chea]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188316|Nasra Ibrahim Ibren]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188317|Nicholas Ngikor Nixon]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188318|Patrick Keturet Ole Ntutu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188319|Patrick Wangamati]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188320|Paul Kipchirchir Bii]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188321|Peter Kamande Mwangi]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188322|Peter Safari Shehe]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188323|Peter Weru Kinyua]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188324|Philip Lotiolo Ruto Rotino]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188325|Priscilla Nyokabi Kanyua]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Hon. Priscillah Nyokabi light.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188326|Protus Ewesit Akujah]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188327|Rachel Ameso Amolo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188328|Raphael Milikau Otaalo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188329|Rashid Juma Bedzimba]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188330|Regina Nthambi Muia]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188331|Regina Nyeris Changorok]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188332|Roba Duba Bonaya]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188333|Rose Nyamunga]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188334|Rose Rwamba Mitaru]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188335|Salim Idd Mustafa]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188336|Sammy Cheruiyot Koech]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188337|Samuel Gonzi Rai]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188338|Samuel Kamunye Gichigi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188339|Samuel Kiprono Chepkonga]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188340|Samuel Mathenge Ndiritu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188342|Shadrack Roger Mwita Manga]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188343|Shakila Abdalla]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188344|Silvance Osele Onyango]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188345|Stephen Kengere Manoti]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188346|Stephen Kinyanjui Mburu Kk]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188347|Stephen Kirwa Bitok]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188348|Stephen Wachira Karani]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188349|Steven Kariuki]]''
|
|
| 2013-10-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188350|Suleiman Murunga Kasuti]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188351|Susan Kipketer Chebet]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188352|Timothy Moseti Bosire]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188353|Tirus Nyingi Ngahu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188354|Tiyah Galgalo Ali]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188355|Winnie Karimi Njuguna]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188356|Zainab Kalekye Chidzuga]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111188703|Muriuki Karue]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111189201|Adolf Muchiri]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111189204|William Omondi]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111189739|David Njuguna Kiburi Mwaura]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111189740|Francis Bayah]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111189741|Walter Enock Nyambati Osebe]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190235|Paul Mugeke]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190240|Reuben Ndolo]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190306|Mwangi K.Waithaka]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190328|Thirikwa Kamau]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190337|Geoffrey Gachara Muchiri]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190367|Eliud Matu Wamae]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190376|David Muhika Mutahi]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190382|Wanyiri Kihoro]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190383|Peter Gichohi Mureithi]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190387|Paul Gikonyo Muya]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190389|John Matere Keriri]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190391|Alfred Mwangi Nderitu]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190393|Joshua Ngugi Toro]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190398|Onesmus Kihara Mwangi]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190415|Ignatius Ngenye Kariuki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190417|F. Njakwe Maina]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190422|David Wakairu Murathe]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190423|Moses Mwihia]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190425|Stephen Rugendo Ndicho]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190428|Njehu Gatabaki]]''
|
|
| 1994
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190431|John Njuguna Wanjiku]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2021
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190437|George Nyanja]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190438|Simon Kanyingi Kuria]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190441|Philip Gitonga]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190442|James Viscount Kimathi]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190450|Jembe Mwakalu]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190451|Joe Matano Khamisi]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190455|Noah Katana Ngala]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190457|Joseph Kahindi Kingi]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190458|Morris Mwachondo Dzoro]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190459|Simeon M. Mkalla]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190464|Suleiman Mwarunga Kamolleh]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190467|Abdalla Jumaa Ngozi]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190468|Mohamed Salim Hashim]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190475|David Noti Kombe]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190478|Abubakar Mohamed Badawy]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190481|Lucas B. Mweni Maitha]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190490|Emmanuel Karisa Maitha]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2005
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190491|Ananiah Mwasambu Mwaboza]]''
|
|
| 2005
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190494|Rashid Suleiman Shakombo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190513|Suleiman Masoud]]''
|
|
| 2013
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190515|Shariff Nassir]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1988
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190525|Basil Criticos]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2001
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190527|Jackson Mwalulu]]''
|
|
| 2001
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190538|Basil Nguku Mwakiringo]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190540|Boniface Mganga]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190556|J. D. Mghanga Mwandawiro]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190564|Mohamed Abdi Galgallo]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190643|Tola Mugava Kofa]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190655|Molu Galgalo Shambaro]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190658|Augustine Njeru Kathangu]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190659|Charfano Guyo Mokku]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190665|Abdillahi Haji Wako]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190668|Samuel Kalii Kiminza]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190669|Patrice Mwangu Ivuti]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190674|Jimmy Muthusi Kitonga]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190676|Joseph Kimeu Ngutu]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190677|Moffat Muia Maitha]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190678|Peter Kyalo Kaindi]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190681|Jonesmus Mwanza Kikuyu]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190682|Fredrick Mwanzia Daudi]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190683|Ronald John Kiluta]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190687|John Mutua Katuku]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190689|Francis P. Wambua]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190690|James Philip Mutiso]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2003
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190699|Onesmus Mutinda Mboko]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190700|Richard Kalembe Ndile]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190703|Anthony Wambua Ndilinge]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2001
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190705|John Mutinda Mutiso]]''
|
|
| 2001
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190712|Peter E. N. Maundu]]''
|
|
| 1998
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190720|Fredrick Mulinge Kalulu]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190722|Joseph Konzollo Munyao]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190724|Robert Iltaramatwa Kochalle]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190725|Titus Ngoyoni]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2006
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190730|Abdi Tari Sasura]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2006
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190742|Kirugi Laiboni M’Mukindia]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190747|Jackson Itirithia Kalweo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190748|Raphael Muriungi]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190751|Benjamim R. Ndubai]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2000
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190762|Stephen Mukangu]]''
|
|
| 2000
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190764|Bernard Njoka Mutani]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190765|Eustace Mbuba M. Nthiga]]''
|
|
| 2000
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190766|Petkay Shen M’Nkiria]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190768|Guracha Boru Galgallo]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2006
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190769|Malla Wario Galgallo]]''
|
|
| 2006
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111190771|Murango Cicilio Mwenda]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191126|George Odeny Ngure]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191145|Stephen Nyamoibi Manoti]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191151|Zephaniah M. Nyang’wara]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191154|Enoch Nyakieya Magara]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2001
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191157|Shem O. Ochuodho]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191160|Philip Okoth Okundi]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191206|Hezron Manduku]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191212|Winston Ochoro Ayoki]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191218|Job Omino]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2003
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191222|Kennedy Odhiambo Nyagudi]]''
|
|
| 2003
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191231|Shadrack R. M. Manga]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191272|George Owino Achola]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191274|Charles Oyugi Owino]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191276|Tom Onyango]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191280|Tobias Orao Ochola Ogur]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191286|Herman O. Omamba]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191304|Samson Mwancha Nyangau Okioma]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191305|Joseph Kiangoi Ombasa]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191306|Godfrey Okeri Masanya]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191308|Henry Onyancha Obwocha]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1992
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191313|Paul Orwa Otita]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191314|Eric Opon Nyamunga]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191320|William Otula]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191322|Peter Owidi]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191330|Samuel Arthur Weya]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191331|Joe Donde]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191336|Stephen Oluoch Ondiek]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191339|Felix Useru Kanyauchi]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191342|Zaddock Madiri Syongoh]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191354|Mohamed Mukhtar Shidiye]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191356|Abdillahi Sheikh Dahir]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191360|Elias Barre Shill]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191362|Mohamed Dahir Werah]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191363|Ahmed Mohamed Khalif]]''
|
|
| 1992<br/>2002
| 1997<br/>2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191372|Abdillahi Ibrahim Ali]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2008
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191375|Mohammed Gabow]]''
|
|
| 2008
| 2013
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191384|Mohamed Abdi Mohamud]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191391|Adan Kerrow Billow]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191402|Seyid Mohamed Amin]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191414|Joseph Dalldosso Lotodo]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191418|Andrew C. Kiptoon]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191421|William Kiplumbei Boit]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191426|Anthony Kipkosge Kimeto]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191435|John Kipsang arap Koech]]''
|
|
| 2002<br/>1992
| 2007<br/>1997
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191445|Nicholas Kiptoo Korir Salat]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191453|Kipkorir Marisin Sang]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191465|Raphael K. A. Kitur]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191499|Geoffrey Mepukori Parpai]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2003
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191505|David Lenante Sankori]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191520|Kipng’eno arap Ngeny]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191524|Noah Nondin Too]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191526|Charles D. K. arap Kirui]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191540|William Cheruiyot Morogo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191542|Joseph Kipkapto Korir]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191547|F. Chege Mbitiru]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191549|John Kiptoo Marirmoi]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191554|David Kiprono Sudi]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191558|James Cheruiyot arap Koske]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191568|Dixon Kihika Kimani]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191569|Macharia Mukiri]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191571|Paul Samuel Kihara]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2003
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191577|Eric Toroitich Morogo]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191579|Alicen Chelaite]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191580|Joseph Mukera Kuria]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191584|Simeon Kiptum Choge]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191585|Jimmy Choge]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191586|Joseph T. A. Leting]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191587|Stephen Kipkiyeny Tarus]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191590|John Kipkorir Sambu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191595|Stephen Kanyinke Ntutu]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191597|Sammy Prisa Leshore]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191601|Peter Steve Lengees]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191638|Davies Wafula Nakitare]]''
|
|
| 2003
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191644|Francis Ewoton Achuka]]''
|
|
| 1992
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191647|Francis Tarar Lagat]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191648|Joseph Lagat Kipchumba]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191657|Jesse Kibet Maizs]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191658|David Kiptanui Koros]]''
|
|
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111191660|Christopher M. Lomada]]''
|
|
| 1997
| 2002
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114347943|Feisal Bader]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2021-04
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115624315|Bidu Tubi Mohammed]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137858963|Leo wa Muthende]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494506|Rachael Kaki Nyamai]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494517|Jimmy Nuru Ondieki Angwenyi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494518|Shadrack John Mose]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494549|Yegon Brighton Leonard]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494557|Moses Kipkemboi Cheboi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31<br/>2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494560|Tonui Joseph Kipkosgey]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494590|Marwa Kemero Maisori Kitayama]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494619|Mathias Nyamabe Robi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494623|Ferdinard Kevin Wanyonyi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494628|Abdi Mude Ibrahim]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494633|Mohamed Hire Garane]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494637|Amin Deddy Mohamed Ali]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494639|Sarah Paulata Korere]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494641|Patrick Kariuki Mariru]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Defence Patrick Mariru.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494642|Marselino Malimo Arbelle]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494644|Sharif Athman Ali]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494646|Stanley Muiruri Muthama]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494658|Jonah Mburu Mwangi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494664|Mishi Juma Khamisi Mboko]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494669|Enoch Wamalwa Kibunguchy]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494675|Peter Mungai Mwathi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494679|Jeremiah Ekamais Lomorukai]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494687|Ayub Savula Angatia]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494692|Titus Khamala Mukhwana]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494697|Michael Thoyah Kingi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494704|George Aladwa Omwera]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494709|Daniel Kitonga Maanzo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494713|Moses Malulu Injendi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494720|Aisha Jumwa Karisa Katana]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494723|Omar Mohamed Maalim Hassan]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494725|Bashir Sheikh Abdullah]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494727|Adan Haji Ali]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494732|Adan Haji Yussuf]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494735|John Muchiri Nyaga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494738|Mary Wamaua Waithira Njoroge]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494744|David Kangogo Bowen]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494748|William Kipkemoi Kisang]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494753|Joshua Mbithi Mwalyo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494758|Geoffrey Makokha Odanga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494761|Anthony Tom Oluoch]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494763|Peter Kimari Kihara]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494765|Rigathi Gachagua]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Rigathi Gachagua - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494768|Justus Murunga Makokha]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494770|Stephen Mutinda Mule]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494776|Patrick Makau King'ola]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494778|Charles Muriuki Njagagua]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494781|Geoffrey Kingagi Muturi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494784|Erastus Kivasu Nzioka]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494789|Daniel Kamuren Tuitoek]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494792|Silas Kipkoech Tiren]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494794|Francis Kuria Kimani]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494799|Vincent Kipkurui Tuwei]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494803|Qalicha Gufu Wario]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494804|Fred Kapondi Chesebe]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494809|James Onyango K'Oyoo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494813|Anthony Githiaka Kiai]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494819|Johnson Manya Naicca]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494822|Abdullswamad Sheriff Nassir]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494824|Vincent Musyoka Musau]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494827|Andrew Mwadime]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494828|Josphat Kabinga Wachira]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494833|Gideon Mutemi Mulyungi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494839|Paul Musyimi Nzengu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494840|Charles Ngusya Nguna]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494842|Jayne Njeri Wanjiru Kihara]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31<br/>2003
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494847|Sakwa John Bunyasi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494850|Alfred Kiptoo Keter]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494853|Lemanken Aramat]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494858|Gabriel Koshal Tongoyo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494859|Emmanuel Wangwe]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494862|Martin Peters Owino]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494863|George Macharia Kariuki]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494866|Charity Kathambi Chepkwony]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494868|Joash Nyamache Nyamoko]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494872|Joshua Aduma Owuor]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494876|Jared Odoyo Okelo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494882|Richard Nyagaka Tongi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31<br/>2013-12-30
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494886|Ezekiel Machogu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494889|Tom Mboya Odege]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494899|Martin Deric Ngunjiri Wambugu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494909|James Gichuki Mugambi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494929|William Kamoti Mwamkale]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494932|Lilian Achieng Gogo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494933|Paul Otiende Amollo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494946|Kipruto Moi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494955|Paul Odalo Mak' Ojuando Abuor]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494960|Tom Joseph Francis Kajwang']]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494963|Simon Nganga Kingara]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494968|Eric Muchangi Njiru]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494971|Caleb Amisi Luyai]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494981|Lentoi Joni L Jackson Lekumontare]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494993|Alois Musa Lentoimaga]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47494999|Justus Gesito Mugali M'mbaya]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495001|Peter Lochakapong]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495024|John Waluke Koyi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495034|Dominic Kipkoech Koskei]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495046|Kathuri Murungi]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495055|Silvanus Osoro Onyiego]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495070|Caleb Kipkemei Kositany]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47495077|Millie Grace Akoth Odhiambo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017-08-31
|
| [[Fáìlì:Hon. Millie Odhiambo in National Assembly.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
ln2b1w3nd1vrgtl9bmmsfcr2kpfx6e4
Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of South Africa
2
66767
622415
622133
2026-06-16T01:38:36Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622415
wikitext
text/x-wiki
This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a President of South Africa who was President twice does not show twice.
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q16744266 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q16744266/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q16744266/P580:Start date,P39/Q16744266/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| [[Nelson Mandela]]
| olóṣèlú, Gúúsù Áfríkà
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Nelson Mandela 1994.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Jacob Zuma]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]<br/>''[[:d:Q193619|Union of South Africa]]''
| 2014-05-21
| 2014-05-21
| [[Fáìlì:Russian President Vladimir Putin alongside South African President Jacob Zuma (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58160|Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-03-13
| [[Fáìlì:South African Foreign Minister Nkoana-Mashabane (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Thabo Mbeki]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q150276|Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017-09-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Kgalema Motlanthe]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Kgalema Motlanthe at the 12th AU Summit (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Winnie Mandela]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2009-05-06
| 2018-04-02<br/>2014-05-06
| [[Fáìlì:Winnie Mandela00.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q243833|Zweli Mkhize]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-02-27<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Zweli Mkhize Willowfontein and Muzi Thusi School visit.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q274602|Adelaide Tambo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 1994
| 1999
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q302359|Aaron Motsoaledi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Dr Pakishe Aaron Motsoaledi, Minister of Health, South Africa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q317726|Dullah Omar]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q401350|Ahmed Kathrada]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Kathrada coons crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q437046|Mandla Mandela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| [[Walter Sisulu]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Walter Sisulu 1991 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q445654|Patricia de Lille]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Patricia de Lille.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q458947|Molefi Sefularo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q460644|Manto Tshabalala-Msimang]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:The Minister of Health of the Republic of South Africa Dr. (Mrs.) Tshabala Msimange calls on the Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare Smt. Sushma Swaraj in New Delhi on March 3, 2004.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q467838|Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q469305|Mbhazima Shilowa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q474285|Amos Masondo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Manmohan Singh being presented with an appreciation medal by the Executive Mayor, Mr. Amos Masondo at the inauguration of the permanent exhibition - Gandhi A Prisoner of Conscience, at Johannesburg, South Africa (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q504617|Andrew Feinstein]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Andrew Feinstein.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q510746|Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula at the Pentagon Sept. 12, 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q540922|Noxolo Kiviet]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Eastern Cape Premier Noxolo Kiviet.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q540935|Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q554131|Mangosuthu Buthelezi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-09-09
| [[Fáìlì:Mangosuthu Buthelezi (1983).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q561279|Pravin Gordhan]]''
| Olóṣèlú Ọmọ Orílẹ̀-èdè Indian
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]<br/>[[Índíà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2024-09-13
| [[Fáìlì:Pravin Gordhan 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q561494|Pik Botha]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 1970-04-22<br/>1977
| 1974<br/>1994
| [[Fáìlì:Pik Botha.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q592604|Dianne Kohler Barnard]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Dianne Kohler Barnard DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q653155|Trevor Manuel]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Trevor Manuel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q726302|Tokyo Sexwale]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Tokyo Sexwale-wef-crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q730472|Bantu Holomisa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Bantu Holomisa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:South African Deputy Defense Minister Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge walks into the Pentagon on Oct. 16, 2000.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q770995|Pieter Mulder]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-12-01
| [[Fáìlì:20130916-OSEC-BW-0002 Pieter Mulder.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q804894|Baleka Mbete]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Baleka Mbete.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q932620|Ronnie Kasrils]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ronnie Kasrils - Russell Tribunal.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q937119|Lindiwe Mazibuko]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Lindiwe Masibuko DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q951030|Siphiwe Nyanda]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Siphiwe Nyanda c. 1996.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q975366|Gwede Mantashe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-03-27<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Gwede Mantashe in 2019.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q982259|Mosiuoa Lekota]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Mosiuoa Lekota, 000215-D-9880W-112 detail.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Julius Malema]]
| Òṣèlú àti ajìjàgbara ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gúúsù Áfíríkà
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Julius Malema 2011-09-14 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1109753|Collins Chabane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-03-15
|
|-
| [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2018-02-15<br/>2019-05-22
| [[Fáìlì:21.11.2025 – Presidente da República da África do Sul, Cyril Ramaphosa (54938010569) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1174142|David Mabuza]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-02-27<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-02-28
| [[Fáìlì:David D Mabuza, 18 ago. 2022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1270726|Mosibudi Mangena]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mosibudi Mangena,International Year of Astronomy 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1324757|Ela Gandhi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ela-gandhi-2018-phoenix.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1390963|Marthinus van Schalkwyk]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2009-05-06
| 2014-05-27
| [[Fáìlì:Marthinus van Schalkwyk crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1391067|Tony Leon]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:TonyLeon.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1396109|Govan Mbeki]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Govanmbekimugshot.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1412305|Fikile Mbalula]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2018-03-09<br/>2023-03-06
| [[Fáìlì:Fikile Mbalula.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1442117|Peter Mokaba]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1450938|Rob Davies]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Rob Davies - World Economic Forum on Africa 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1554125|Pule Mabe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-08-31
| [[Fáìlì:Pule Mabe.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1625605|Thandi Modise]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Spotkanie premier Beaty Szydło z Thandi Modise (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1632021|Nomaindia Mfeketo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:South African Ambassador to the U.S. Nomaindiya Cathleen Mfeketo (52036244356) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1643810|Allan Hendrickse]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1677635|Jackie Selebi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1686353|Jeff Radebe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-06-03
| [[Fáìlì:JeffRadebe.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1718291|Ronald Lamola]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ronald Lamola, International Relations and Cooperation of South Africa, on 16 July 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1886347|Makhenkesi Stofile]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1887900|Malusi Gigaba]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-11-15
| [[Fáìlì:Malusi Gigaba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1941212|Mlungisi Johnson]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1942784|Mohammed Valli Moosa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Valli Moosa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1966829|Nathi Mthethwa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-03-15
| [[Fáìlì:Nkosinathi Mthethwa (43752407695) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2290959|Siyabonga Cwele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-06-03
| [[Fáìlì:Siyabonga Cyprian Cwele - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2321705|Carl Niehaus]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Carl Niehaus, August 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2342184|Stella Sigcau]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 1994-05-09
| 2006-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2568741|Constand Viljoen]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Constand Viljoen c. 1985.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2744471|Dirk du Toit]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2869268|Athol Trollip]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Athol Trollip DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2875166|Aziz Pahad]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2883966|Barbara Hogan]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Minister Barbara Hogan in New Delhi, June 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2925452|Brigitte Mabandla]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Brigitte Mabandla, former Minister for Justice, South Africa (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2982594|Colin Eglin]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Colin Eglin.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3023722|Derek Hanekom]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-06-10
| [[Fáìlì:Derek Hanekom.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3027094|Kader Asmal]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Kader Asmal.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3103908|Gerald Morkel]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3180124|Joe Matthews]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3180181|Joe Seremane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Joe Seremane.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3241428|Lindiwe Sisulu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-03-15
| [[Fáìlì:Lindiwe Sisulu in New York - 2018 (44058077895) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3262565|Louis Luyt]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3267105|Fana Mokoena]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2016-08-24<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2020-10-16
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3269581|Lynne Brown]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-03-01
| [[Fáìlì:Lynne-Brown.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3361453|Gill Marcus]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3361545|Pallo Jordan]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2014-08-11
| [[Fáìlì:Pallo Jordan.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3438550|Roelf Meyer]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:2017 03 08 Negotiation and mediation skills training closes in Nairobi-5 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3471892|Sandra Botha]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3481747|Sheila Camerer]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3518947|Tertius Delport]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3643383|Kenneth Meshoe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:K Meshoe Toronto 2013.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3671997|Ellen Kuzwayo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ellen Kuzwayo of South Africa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4354849|Gwen Mahlangu-Nkabinde]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4358028|Jeremy Cronin]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4710249|Albert Fritz]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Albert Fritz MP (4709027164).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4714134|Alec Erwin]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4752606|Anchen Dreyer]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Anchen Dreyer DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4757799|Andrew Louw]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Andrew Louw DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4763221|Angie Motshekga]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Minister Angie Motshekga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4768956|Annelie Lotriet]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Annelie Lotriet.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4769095|Annette Lovemore]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-08-06
| [[Fáìlì:Annette Lovemore DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4786561|Archibold Figlan]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Archibold Figlan DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4786698|Archie Gumede]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4868980|Bathabile Dlamini]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-06-10
| [[Fáìlì:Manmohan Singh and his wife Smt. Gursharan Kaur being received by the Minister for Social Justice, South Africa, Ms. Bathabile Dlamini, on their arrival at Waterkloof Air Force Base, Pretoria for the 5th IBSA Summit.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4886593|Ben Turok]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4901661|Bheki Cele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Bheki Cele at press conference on crime at World Cup 2010-06-29 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4913086|Billy Nair]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Robben Island Prison 8.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4956754|Tina Joemat-Peterson]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2017-03-31<br/>2023-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Tina Joemat-Peterson.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4996115|Bulelwa Tinto]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5002423|Butch Steyn]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Butch Steyn DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5003356|Buyelwa Sonjica]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Buyelwa Patience Sonjica - World Economic Forum on Africa 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5049285|Cassel Mathale]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5057098|Cedric Frolick]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2009-05-06<br/>2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2014-05-06<br/>2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:C. Frolick, South African ANC MP.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5081288|Charles Nqakula]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-30
| 2018-06-18
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5108411|Chris Wang]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5176449|Alfred Nzo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:AlfredNzo1977.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5237258|David Maynier]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:David Manier DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5256874|Dene Smuts]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Dene-Smuts.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5257754|Denise Robinson]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Denise Robinson DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5279277|Dion George]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2015-06-01
| [[Fáìlì:Dion George DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5280133|Dipuo Peters]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2017-03-31
| [[Fáìlì:H.E. Dipuo Peters - Energy Minister in South Africa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5294698|Donald Lee]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Donald Lee DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5313592|Duma Nkosi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5331984|Ebrahim Patel]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Ebrahim Patel - World Economic Forum on Africa 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5340080|Edna Molewa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-09-22
| [[Fáìlì:Edna Molewa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5373018|Emmah More]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5388710|Erik Marais]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:DA MP Erik Marais (2009).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5399956|Essop Pahad]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Essop Pahad (1985).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5437837|Fatima Hajaig]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5502776|Frene Ginwala]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5522918|Gareth Morgan]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Gareth Morgan2 DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5528312|Gavin Woods]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5534119|Geoff Doidge]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5535621|Geordin Hill-Lewis]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2021-11-09
| [[Fáìlì:Geordin Gwyn Hill-Lewis.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5537083|George Boinamo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:George Boinamo DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5549752|Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi - 7th Broadband Commission for Digital Development Meeting, Mexico City, Mexico.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5607020|Gregory Krumbock]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Greg Krumbock DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5702637|Helen Lamoela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Helen Lamoela MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5713725|Hendrick Schmidt]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Hendrick-Schmidt.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5981380|Ian Davidson]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ian Davidson DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5982514|Ian Ollis]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-08-31
| [[Fáìlì:Ian-Ollis.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6065705|Ipuseng Ditshetelo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6117269|Jackson Mthembu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2021-01-21
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6120878|Jacques Smalle]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2010-09-10
| 2014-05-06
| [[Fáìlì:Jacques Smalle DA Deputy Minister.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6138223|James Lorimer]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:James Lorimer DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6142922|James Selfe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2021-12-31
| [[Fáìlì:James Selfe DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6258967|John Steenhuisen]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:John Steenhuisen 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6282583|Joseph Denis]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Denis Joseph (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6301581|Juanita Terblanche]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:JunitaTerblanche DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6313691|Junita Kloppers-Lourens]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Juanita Kloppers Lourens DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6390503|Kenneth Mubu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-08-31
| [[Fáìlì:Kenneth-Mubu-MP-IRCOOP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6424521|Kobus Marais]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Kobus-marais.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6435749|Kraai van Niekerk]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6522854|Lennox Gaehler]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6525655|Leonard Ramatlakane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6533432|Letlapa Mphahlele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6552532|Lindiwe Hendricks]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 1994
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6702772|Lulama Xingwana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2014-05-25
| [[Fáìlì:Lulu Xingwana 2013 crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6722315|Mac Maharaj]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mac Maharaj 2021.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6738820|Makashule Gana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-11-14
| [[Fáìlì:Makashule Gana.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6761978|Marian Shinn]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Marian Shinn DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6764850|Mario Oriani-Ambrosini]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2014-08-16
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6765941|Marius Barnard]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Marius Barnard (1968).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6769828|Mark Steele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mark Steele DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6774186|Marta Wenger]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6783304|Masizole Mnqasela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2009-05-06
| 2014-05-06
| [[Fáìlì:Masizole Mnqasela MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6787306|Mathole Motshekga]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6795248|Max Sisulu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2014-05-29
| [[Fáìlì:Max Sisulu 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6811369|Melanie Verwoerd]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Melanie Verwoerd (2010).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6814194|Membathisi Mdladlana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6846690|Mike Ellis]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mike Ellis DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6849224|Mike Waters]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2021-02-19
| [[Fáìlì:Mike Waters DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885751|Mluleki George]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 1994
| 2008
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885827|Mmusi Maimane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-10-24
| [[Fáìlì:Mmusi Maimane (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891175|Mohamed Surty]]''
| Olóṣèlú Ọmọ Orílẹ̀-èdè Indian
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]<br/>[[Índíà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6918599|Motsoko Pheko]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6968477|Natasha Mazzone]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Natasha Mazzone Michael 2013-09-22 22-24.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7023365|Nhlanhla Nene]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2018-02-27
| 2015-12-15<br/>2018-10-09
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7048706|Nomvula Mokonyane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-25
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Nomvula Paula Mokonyane (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7061817|Nosimo Balindlela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-11-14
| [[Fáìlì:Nosimo-21-02-09.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7067645|Ntopile Kganyago]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110537|Oupa Monareng]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7138657|Parks Tau]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:(Parks Tau) Cohesión social, desarrollo económico y educación emocional, nuevas reglas para la convivencia en las ciudades.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7145677|Patricia Kopane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2022-08-15
| [[Fáìlì:Patricia Kopane DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7152252|Paul Mashatile]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-02-02
| [[Fáìlì:Paul Mashatile.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7179025|Petronella Duncan]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192856|Pieter van Dalen]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2015-03-01
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Pieter van Dalen in 2012.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7325331|Richard Dyantyi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7373242|Roy Padayachie]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7375226|Royith Bhoola]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7383965|Ryan Coetzee]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2004
| 2008
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7402969|Saki Macozoma]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7417329|Sandy Kalyan]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Sandy Kalyan.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7447062|Sej Motau]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Sej-Motau.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7461662|Shahid Esau]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7495978|Shiaan-Bin Huang]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7507411|Sicelo Shiceka]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7599829|Stanley Ntapane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7615479|Stevens Mokgalapa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-02-11
| [[Fáìlì:Stevens Mokgalapa MP (Cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7626523|Stuart Farrow]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Stuart Farrow.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7635249|Suhla Masango]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-08-26
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7648369|Susan Shabangu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-06-06
| [[Fáìlì:Foreign Minister Bob Carr with South Africa's Mining Minister Susan Shibango, 2012. Photo- AusAID (10695929445).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7650988|Suzanne Vos]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7655840|Zwelethu Lukanyiso Madasa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7708835|Thabang Makwetla]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Thabang Makwetla 091014-D-7203C-001.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7781196|Themba Godi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7786663|Thoko Didiza]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Minister Thoko Didiza.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7792755|Thomas Nkobi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Aankomst Schiphol leiders Zuid Afrikaanse bevrijdingsle ANC Alfred Nono en Thoma, Bestanddeelnr 929-3734 (cropped) - Thomas Nkobi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810182|Tito Mboweni]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-10-09<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2022-02-01
| [[Fáìlì:TitoMboweni.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8003551|Willem Doman]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Willem Doman DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8015883|William Mothipa Madisha]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-08-15
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8022831|Wilmot James]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-06-12
| [[Fáìlì:Wilmot James, South African academic.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8066134|Zanele kaMagwaza-Msibi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-06-20
| [[Fáìlì:Zanele KaMagwaza Msibi (NFP President).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8073542|Zola Skweyiya]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Zola Skweyiya.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q9374894|Willie Spies]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10992415|Niekie van den Berg]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11043304|Naledi Pandor]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:South African Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor at the State Department in Washington, D.C. on September 26, 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11816850|Pieter Groenewald]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:PJ Groenewald.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13034521|Corné Mulder]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Corne Mulder.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13035407|Marius Fransman]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Marius Fransman (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14270571|Eleanore Bouw-Spies]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15428917|Moses Mayekiso]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15783380|Andrew Mlangeni]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15818087|Ben Martins]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Ben Martins.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16150639|Ngconde Balfour]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16186490|Stone Sizani]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-03-02
| [[Fáìlì:Stonesizani.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16186933|Manie van Dyk]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Manie Van Dyk DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16192838|Senzo Mchunu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16193273|Thulas Nxesi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Minister Thulas Nxesi.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16199348|Wilma Newhoudt-Druchen]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2016-03-02
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727851|Yunus Carrim]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727926|Eugenia Shi-Chia Chang]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16728017|Fatima Chohan]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 1996<br/>2014-05-21
| 2019<br/>2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744270|Fezile Bhengu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:US Navy 090406-N-8273J-050 Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Adm. Gary Roughead, left, meets with Deputy Minister of Defense Mr. Fezile Bhengu, right, during a conference call at the Defense Headquarters in Pretoria, South Africa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744271|Jackson Bici]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744273|Ntombazana Both]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744274|Judy Chalmers]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744275|Geoffrey Doidge]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744276|Nkosinathi Fihla]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744277|Pumzile Gomomo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744280|Peter Hendrickse]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744282|Sango Holomisa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Ncumisa Kondlo]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744286|Trevor Lee]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744287|Cikizwa Ludwabe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744288|Nomhle Mahlawe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744289|Shepherd Mayatula]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744292|Robert Nogumla]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744293|Emanuel Schoeman]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744294|Sylvia Sigcau]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744296|Eddie Trent]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744297|Pamela Tshwete]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744298|Ntombikayise Twala]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744299|Siyamthanda Dyantyi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744302|Unathi Mgidlana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744303|Salamuddi Abram]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744305|A. J. Botha]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744306|Lefu Khoarai]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744307|Nthabiseng Khunou]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744309|Butana Komphela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744310|Meisie Madumise]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744311|Kgomotso Magau]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744312|Bafunani Mnguni]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744314|Lewele Modisenyane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744316|Bahlakoana Mosala]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744319|Bhekizizwe Radebe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744320|Maggie Sotyu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744323|Kopeng Bapela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744324|Johannes Blanché]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744325|Hendrietta Bogopane-Zulu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744327|Ismail Cachalia]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744329|Pamela Daniels]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744330|Bonginkosi Dhlamini]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744331|Anchin Dreyer]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744334|Douglas Gibson]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744335|Nonkumbi Gxowa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744337|Loretta Jacobus]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744338|Danny Kekana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744339|Les Labuschagne]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744342|Homes Maluleka]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744344|Daniel Maluleke]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744346|Maggie Maunye]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744347|Karel Minnie]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744348|Andrew Mlangeni]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744349|Aubrey Mogoena]]''
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| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744350|Phillip Moleketi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744351|Storey Morutoa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744353|Andries Nel]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744355|Joyce Ngele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744357|Winnie Ngwenya]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744358|Sisa Njikelana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744359|Richard Ntuli]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744362|Dorothy Ramodibe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744364|Greg Schneemann]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744366|Janet Semple]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Janet Semple of South Africa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744367|Dumisani Sithole]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744368|Vincent Smith]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744371|Elizabeth Thabethe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:ElizabethThabethe.jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744372|Ismail Vadi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744375|Langa Zita]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744382|Arthur Ainslie]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744383|Mfuniselwa Bhengu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744388|Beauty Dambuza]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2016-10-14
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744389|Cheryllyn Dudley]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2009-05-06
| 2019-05-07<br/>2014-05-06
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744393|Ndaba Gcwabaza]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744395|Knowledge Gigaba]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744399|Christopher Lowe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744402|Eric Lucas]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744406|Mandlenkosi Mbisi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744407|Makhosazana Mdlalose]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744408|Zakhele Mkhize]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744409|Bekhinhlahla Mndyanu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744410|Alfred Mpontshane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-08-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744412|Velaphi Ndlovu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744413|Mdudu Nene]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744414|Ndawoyakhe Ngcobo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744415|Mzikayise Ngema]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744416|Bonginkosi Ngiba]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744417|Makhoni Ntuli]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744418|Samuel Nxumalo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744421|Usha Roopnarain]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744422|Mohammed Sayedali-Shah]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744423|Sybil Seaton]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744424|Ntombikayise Sibhidla]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744425|Narend Singh]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Narend Singh.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744426|Peter Smith]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744427|Everson Xolo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744429|Keith Zondi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744434|Masenyani Baloyi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744436|Letsau Diale]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744437|Tshiwela Lishivha]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744439|Jerome-Joseph Maake]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744440|Thizwilondi Mabudafhasi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-05-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744441|Shoahlane Maja]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744444|Frans Maserumule]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744446|Puleng Mashangoane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744448|Refilwe Mashigo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744450|Buoang Mashile]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744453|Motswaledi Matlala]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744454|Arthur Moloto]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744455|Kgoloko Morwamoche]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744458|Constance Nkuna]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744461|Tinyiko Nwamitwa-Shilubana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744462|Muthudinne Phadagi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744464|Mahwidi Phala]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744466|Mpowele Swathe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mpowele Swathe DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744468|Lekoba Tolo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744469|Désirée van der Walt]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-04-30
| [[Fáìlì:DA Lim leader Desiree van der Walt.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744473|Christopher Gololo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744474|Sikhumbizo Kholwane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744475|Zunaid Kotwal]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744481|Pielos Mathebe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744482|Dumisile Nhlengethwa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744484|Jomo Nyambi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744486|Priscilla Sekgobela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744489|Jonas Sibanyoni]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744490|Sipho Siboza]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744491|Hilda Weber]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744494|Tuelo Anthony]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744495|Paul Ditshetelo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744497|Kgotso Khumalo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744499|Samuel Louw]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744500|Makatse Maine-Morule]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744501|Mamosoeu Makgate]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744502|Lorna Maloney]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744503|Patrick Maloyi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744504|Monako Moatshe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744505|Pinky Mokoto]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744507|Christopher Molefe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744508|Solomon Rasmeni]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744509|Gaolaolwe Selau]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744510|Windvoël Skhosana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744512|Paul Swart]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744513|Enoch Asiya]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744515|Johannes Combrinck]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744516|Shelley Loe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744518|Maans Nel]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744519|Jonathan Arendse]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744520|Francois Beukman]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Francois Beukman ANC MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744521|Cecil Burgess]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744522|Hendry Cupido]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744523|André Gaum]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744524|Carl Greyling]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744528|Carol Johnson]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744529|Isaac Julies]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744530|Ryno King]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744531|Andrew Madella]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744532|Lawrence Maduma]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744536|S. J. F. Marais]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744537|Bongani Mkongi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744540|Craig Morkel]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744541|Linda Moss]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744542|Maxwell Moss]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744543|Daniel Olifant]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744544|Sydney Opperman]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744545|Randy Pieterse]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744547|Pierre Rabie]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744548|Johannes Schippers]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744549|Stanley Simmons]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744553|Marius Swart]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744844|Gavin Davis]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-09-20
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16744856|Steven Swart]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Steve Swart.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746624|Faith Bikani]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746628|Mnyamezeli Booi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746643|Mgolodi Dikgacwi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746644|Beauty Dlulane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746646|Zephroma Dubazana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746648|Molebogeng Dube]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746649|Ndleleni Duma]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746651|Mary-Ann Dunjwa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746652|Ebrahim Ismail Ebrahim]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Ebrahim Ismail Ebrahim.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746653|Tshenuwani Farisani]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746655|Tshoganetso Gasebonwe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-30
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746657|Nomalungelo Gina]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746658|Enoch Godongwana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:SA Finance Minister Godongwana with US Treasury Secretary Yellen in 2022.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746660|Mpumelelo Gona]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746662|Nomwabisi Goqwana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746664|Mondli Gungubele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2016-09-05<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Mondli Gungubele.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746665|Nomkumbi Gxowa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746667|Nomatyala Hangana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746668|John Jeffery]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746670|Tandiwe Kenye]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746671|Lefu Khorai]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746672|Sikhumbuzo Kholwane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746673|Fikile Khumalo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746675|Gerhardus Koornhof]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746680|Mmamoloko Kubayi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Minister of Energy Mmamoloko Kubayi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746682|Luwellyn Landers]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Luwellyn Landers.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746685|Zukile Luyenge]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-02-15
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746708|Nomfunelo Mabedla]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746803|Nomopo Madlala]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746819|Mapule Mafolo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746820|Vuselelo Magagula]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746822|Hargreaves Magama]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746826|Gratitude Magwanishe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746833|Lusizo Makhubela-Mashele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16746834|Zondi Makhubele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16747373|Sampson Makwetla]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16747376|Motswane Malale]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16747378|Hope Malgas]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16747383|Holmes Maluleka]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16747385|Buti Manamela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Buti Manamela Google event.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16747387|Mduduzi Manana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2009-05-06
| 2018-07-24<br/>2014-05-06
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16749717|Modjadji Mangena]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16749724|Joyce Masilo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16749727|Tshililo Masutha]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765110|Dudu Mathebe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765113|Nomvula Mathibela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765118|Divili Mavunda]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765119|Mandlenkosi Mbili]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765120|Nomakhaya Mdaka]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2014-11-12
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765123|Mzameni Mdakane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765126|Hlengiwe Mgabadeli]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765127|Lindiwe Mjobo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-24
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765128|Hlengiwe Mkhize]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Hlengiwe Mkhize (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765129|Langalakhe Mkhize]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765130|Nomfundo Mkhulusi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765136|Mankwana Mohale]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765139|Joyce Moloi-Moropa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-03-02
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765141|Malusi Motimele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-11-30
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765146|Mandisi Mpahlwa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mandisi Mpahlwa, World Economic Forum 2009 Annual Meeting.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765149|Enock Mthethwa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765158|Thabadiawa Mufamadi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765159|Vatiswa Mugwanya]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765162|Azwihangwisi Muthambi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765163|Mamagase Mchabeleng]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765164|Lindumusa Ndabandaba]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765225|Phumzile Ngwenya-Mabila]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765235|Gugile Nkwinti]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765286|Mwelo Nonkonyana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765290|Nomathemba November]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-07-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765292|Nosiviwe Nqakula]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765293|Zwelifile Ntuli]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765296|Muntu Nxumalo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765297|Namagana Nyama]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765298|Mtombizodwa Nyanda]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765311|Blade Nzimande]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Blade Nzimande - Unisa Roundtable.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765319|Mildred Oliphant]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-06-03
| [[Fáìlì:Mildred Oliphant - 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765327|Radhakrishna Padayachie]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765336|Mathume Phaahla]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765338|Meriam Phaliso]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765719|Sivapragas Pillay]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765720|Maropeng Pilusa-Mosoane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765733|Bheki Radebe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765740|Goodwill Sbusiso Radebe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-06-19
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16765753|Ngoako Ramathlodi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-03-30
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16929552|Yusuf Cassim]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16935120|Zakhele Mbhele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17037520|Marius Redelinghuys]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-07-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17075932|Faith Muthambi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2022-11-28
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17385681|Glynnis Breytenbach]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Glynnis Breytenbach.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17388948|Senzeni Zokwana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Senzeni Zokwana 20181017-TFAA-LSC-0053 (31518419668).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17466747|Nosipho Ntwanambi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2014-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17708781|Floyd Shivambu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Floyd Shivambu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18206724|Khanyisile Litchfield-Tshabalala]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-04-13
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18217607|Dean Macpherson]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Dean Macpherson (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19364571|Kevin Mileham]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:KJMNEW3.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20774316|Michael Masutha]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Michael Masutha.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20981694|David Mahlobo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:David Mahlobo 2024-08-06.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20981703|Maria Rantho]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982109|Lindiwe Zulu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Lindiwe Daphney Zulu Forum Session - High Level Panel Discussion.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21694330|David van Rooyen]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21932116|Chris Hunsinger]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:CHprofile1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22278431|Mcebisi Jonas]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-03-31
| [[Fáìlì:Mcebisi Jonas.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22279094|Phumulo Masualle]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23696506|Clarence Makwetu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:ClarenceMakwetu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24007336|Phillip Dexter]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24233839|Nkosinathi Nhleko]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24234082|Mbuyiseni Ndlozi]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Mbuyiseni Ndlozi, April 2024 (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26206862|Fish Mahlalela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Fish Mahlalela.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27063107|Lydia Kompe]]''
| Oloṣelu South Africa
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27460893|Feroza Adam]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28011915|Madala Masuku]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28011968|Obed Bapela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28043267|Supra Mahumapelo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:11º Fórum Parlamentar do Brics - Brasil 2025 - 6ª Sessão de Trabalho (54569679791).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28086070|Mosebenzi Zwane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2015-09-02<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28086074|Stella Ndabeni-Abrahams]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Stella Tembisa Ndabeni Abrahams (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28086077|Kebby Maphatsoe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28839897|Ayanda Dlodlo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2022-03-31
| [[Fáìlì:Minister Ayanda Dlodlo.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28848631|Deidre Carter]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28861539|Derrick America]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29840958|Nqaba Bhanga]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Nqaba Bhanga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29958484|Ghaleb Cachalia]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017-05-04<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Ghaleb Cachalia.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31739641|Duduzile Manana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-02-27
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31739907|Hlengiwe Mkhaliphi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Hlengiwe Mkhaliphi, August 2024 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q33870385|Tokozile Xasa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-06-05
| [[Fáìlì:Tokozile Xasa EU2024BE (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37993392|Makhosi Khoza]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-09-21
| [[Fáìlì:Dr Makhosi Khoza.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38864258|Phumzile van Damme]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2021-05-20
| [[Fáìlì:Phumzile van Damme.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39071075|Anton Alberts]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q40831538|Dorothy Nyembe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41705189|Tarnia Baker]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-10-06
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42409855|Gertrude Shope]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43377376|Karen Jooste]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q44147245|Brian Molefe]]''
|
|
| 2017-02-23
| 2017-05-23
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46996204|Bongani Bongo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Bongani.Bongo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529605|Mmatlala Grace Boroto]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529614|Pumzile Justice Mnguni]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529616|Zukisa Cheryl Faku]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-07-31
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529617|Mamonare Patricia Chueu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529618|Bongekile Jabulile Dlomo]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529620|Daphne Zukiswa Rantho]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529621|Mcebisi Skwatsha]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529623|Patrick Dumile Nono Maloyi]]''
|
|
| 2016-06-03
| 2019-02-28
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529625|Doreen Senokoanyane]]''
|
|
| 2016-02-05
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529626|Mandlenkosi Phillip Galo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529628|Steven Mahlubanzima Jafta]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529629|Samuel Gaaesi Mmusi]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529630|Lulama Maxwell Ntshayisa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2021-07-23
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529632|Thapelo Dorothy Chiloane]]''
|
|
| 2015-02-24
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529633|Lerato Cynthia Theko]]''
|
|
| 2017-05-04
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529634|Theophilus Mbulelo Nkonzo]]''
|
|
| 2017-05-04
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529636|Dikeledi Gladys Mahlangu]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529637|Candith Mashego-Dlamini]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Candith Mashego-Dlamini (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529638|Nocawe Noncedo Mafu]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529640|Jabulane Joseph Dube]]''
|
|
| 2017-05-04
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529643|Jabulani Lukas Mahlangu]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529644|Millicent Ntombizodwa Sibongile Manana]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529645|Rachel Cecilia Adams]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017-05-04<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529646|Priscilla Tozama Mantashe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529647|Simanga Happy Mbuyane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017-05-04<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529648|Loyiso Khanyisa Bunye Mpumlwana]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-30
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529649|Ezekiel Kekana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529650|Ndumiso Capa]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529651|Deborah Dineo Raphuti]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529652|Sibongile Pearm Tsoleli]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529653|Cathrine Matsimbi]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529654|Maesela David Kekana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529655|Patrick Maesela]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529656|Moses Siphosezwe Amos Masango]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529658|Nokuzola Ndongeni]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529659|Madala Louis David Ntombela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529660|Nokukhanya Mthembu]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529662|Strike Michael Ralegoma]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529663|Machwene Rosina Semenya]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529665|Sheila Coleen Nkhensani Shope-Sithole]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529667|Sello Albert Tleane]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529669|Velhelmina Pulani Mogotsi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529671|Simphiwe Bekwa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529675|Lerumo Kalako]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529676|Pinky Sharon Kekana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Pinky Kekana - Promoting ICT opportunities for women empowerment (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529680|Sahlulele Luzipo]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529681|Livhuhani Mabija]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529684|Moloko Stanford Armour Maila]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529686|Thomas Makondo]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529687|Elizabeth Koena Mmanoko Masehela]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529691|Derick Mnguni]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529693|Nkhensani Kate Bilankulu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529696|Joyce Vuyiswa Basson]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529699|Hellen Boikhutso Kekana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529701|Dalton Hlamalani Khosa]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529703|Sharome Renay Van Schalkwyk]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529704|Mandisa Octovia Matshoba]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529707|Johannes Mothibeli Koekoe Mahumapelo]]''
|
|
| 2015-05-20
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529709|Evelyn Wilson]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-07-31
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529710|Dennis Richard Ryder]]''
|
|
| 2017-07-01
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529712|Patrick George Atkinson]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529714|Thomas Zwelakhe Hadebe]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529716|Mbulelo Richmond Bara]]''
|
|
| 2016-11-14
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529718|Vuyokazi Ketabahle]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2015-01-21
| 2018-08-31
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529720|Cameron Mackenzie]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2021
| [[Fáìlì:Picture of me kilted at emma wedding march 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529722|Luthando Richmond Mbinda]]''
|
|
| 2015-01-14
| 2018-09-13
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529723|Xolani Ngwezi]]''
|
|
| 2017-06-15<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2021-01-11
| [[Fáìlì:NY National Guard meet with local Mayor during Shared Accord.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529725|Beverley Abrahams]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Beverley Abrahams Member of National Assembly.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529731|Juliana Danielle Kilian]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529732|Alina Mfulo]]''
|
|
| 2017-09-01
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529733|Imamile Aubin Pikinini]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529736|Mohammed Haniff Hoosen]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529738|Mandlenkosi Sicelo Mabika]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-04-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529740|Michael Bagraim]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Michael Bagraim.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529741|Ngwanamakwetle Reneiloe Mashabela]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Reneiloe Mashabela (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529744|James Jim Skosana]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-02-27
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529745|Gijimani Jim Skosana]]''
|
|
| 2017-10-25<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529750|Thilivhali Elphus Mulaudzi]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2020-03-02
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529755|Donald Mlindwa Gumede]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529758|Lungi Annette Mnganga-Gcabashe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529760|Freddie Adams]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-04-15
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529765|Annette Steyn]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2022-06-30
| [[Fáìlì:Portrait of Annette Steyn, DA Member of Parliament.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529766|Patricia Emily Adams]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-26
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529768|Cynthia Nocollege Majeke]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529770|Jan Adriaan Esterhuizen]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529773|Martha Mmola]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-07
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529776|Claudia Ndaba]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529777|Nokhaya Adelaide Mnisi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-09-18
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529783|Rosemary Nokuzola Capa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529784|Grace Kekulu Tseke]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529789|Sibusiso Christopher Mncwabe]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529790|Godrich Ahmed Gardee]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2020-02-29
| [[Fáìlì:Godrich Gardee, December 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529793|Mogamad Nazier Paulsen]]''
|
|
| 2015-05-20<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529798|Tandeka Gqada]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529799|Hlomela Bucwa]]''
|
|
| 2016-11-08
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529800|Nicolaas Jacobus Janse Van Rensburg Koornhof]]''
|
|
| 2014-08-12
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529808|Darren Bergman]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529809|Timothy James Brauteseth]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529811|Fezeka Sister Loliwe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-03-05
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529812|Hildegard Sonja Boshoff]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529813|Archibold Mzuvukile Figlan]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529815|Malcolm John Figg]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529816|Lungiswa Veronica James]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529819|Gordon Mackay]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-02-27
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529820|Thembekile Richard Majola]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529824|Gregory Allen Grootboom]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529825|Vatiswa Bam-Mugwanya]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529830|Xoliswa Sandra Tom]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529832|Sibonakaliso Phillip Mhlongo]]''
|
|
| 2015-07-17
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529836|Ruth Bhengu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529839|Lydia Sindisiwe Chikunga]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Sindisiwe Chikunga - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529844|Dorries Eunice Dlakude]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529847|Dennis Dumisani Gamede]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529849|Werner Horn]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Werner Horn, DA MP.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529850|Nthako Sam Matiase]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Sam Matiase, January 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529853|Mkhuleko Hlengwa]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:M Hlengwa, IFP MP.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529859|Makoti Sibongile Khawula]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Makoti Khawula, April 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529862|Regina Lesoma]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529865|Celiwe Qhamkile Madlopha]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529867|Dikeledi Phillistus Magadzi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-03-09
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529868|Fikile Zachariah Majola]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529870|Sibongile Mchunu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529873|Risimati Thompson Mavunda]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529876|Thandi Memela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529879|Humphrey Mdumzeli Zondelele Mmemezi]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529880|Tsepo Winston Mhlongo]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-12-01
| [[Fáìlì:TW Mhlongo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529881|Madipoane Refiloe Moremadi Mothapo]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529892|Nosilivere Winifred Magadla]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529895|Mogotle Friddah Nkadimeng]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529896|Girly Namhla Nobanda]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529899|Molapi Andries Plouamma]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529902|David Christie Ross]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:David Ross MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529903|Maliyakhe Lymon Shelembe]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-04-16
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529905|Nokulunga Primrose Sonti]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529906|Vincent George Smith]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529908|Khethamabala Petros Sithole]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529910|Terri Stander]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529911|Dirk Jan Stubbe]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Dirk Stubbe DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529913|Thembinkosi Rawula]]''
|
|
| 2015-10-31
| 2019-04-10
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529914|Belinda Bozzoli]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529915|Tandi Mahambehlala]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529916|Mkhacani Joseph Maswanganyi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2015-05-27<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529917|Agnes Tuck]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2015-03-30
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529921|Alan Ross Mcloughlin]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529923|Toby Chance]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529924|Mponeng Winston Rabotapi]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Winston Rabotapi MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529925|Veronica Van Dyk]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Veronica van Dyk.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529927|Solly Malatsi]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Solly Malatsi at press conference.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529928|Pebane George Moteka]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2022-07-31
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529933|Nqabayomzi Lawrence Saziso Kwankwa]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Nqabayomzi Kwankwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529935|Yvonne Nkwenkwezi Phosa]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529937|Michael John Cardo]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Michael Cardo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529939|Mohlopi Philemon Mapulane]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529943|Mncedisi Lutando Wellington Filtane]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529945|Rembuluwani Moses Tseli]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529947|Thomas Walters]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Thomas Walters DA Politician.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529948|Zolile Roger Xalisa]]''
|
|
| 2016-08-24
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529950|Joan Fubbs]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529954|Leigh-Ann Mathys]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2016-08-24
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:EFF Deputy Secretary-General Leigh-Ann Mathys.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529955|Walter Bongani Maphanga]]''
|
|
| 2016-09-05
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529956|Nokuzola Gladys Tolashe]]''
|
|
| 2016-09-05<br/>2019-05-22
| 2018-02-25
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529958|Hermanus Bernadus Groenewald]]''
|
|
| 2015-11-12
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Herman Groenewald MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529960|Nomsa Innocencia Tarabella-Marchesi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-08-15
| [[Fáìlì:Nomsa Marchesi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529962|Ahmed Munzoor Shaik Emam]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529964|Sibongile Judith Nkomo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529966|Ken Peter Robertson]]''
|
|
| 2015-10-06
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529967|Comely Humphrey Maqocwa Maxegwana]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529969|Chantel King]]''
|
|
| 2016-11-08<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529973|Thandeka Mbabama]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2016-11-08<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Thandeka Mbabama.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529974|Boitumelo Joyce Maluleke]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2015-06-23<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2021-07-16
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529978|Ross Kriel Purdon]]''
|
|
| 2016-11-14
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529988|Gerhardus Cornelius Oosthuizen]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Gert Oosthuizen- SDP IWG - 3rd Plenary Session.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47529989|Mamagase Elleck Nchabeleng]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530002|Barbara Thomson]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530006|Leonard Jones Basson]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Leon Basson.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530007|Phumzile Bhengu-Kombe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530012|Bridget Staff Masango]]''
|
|
| 2015-10-06<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Bridget Masango sworn in.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530021|Zelda Jongbloed]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-07-21
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530023|Adrian Williams]]''
|
|
| 2014-11-17
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530024|Robert Alfred Lees]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530028|Hope Helene Malgas]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530029|Lindiwe Maseko]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:20231108 Cartas Credenciales-Andrea Puentes.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530040|Ntombovuyo Veronica Mente]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Veronica Mente, December 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530043|Beatrice Thembekile Ngcobo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-02-18
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530047|Gaolatlhe Godfrey Oliphant]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530048|Joseph Phaahla]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Mathume Joseph Phaahla (born 1957) at World Economic Forum Davos 2024.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530053|Cornelia Carol September]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530055|Dikeledi Tsotetsi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530056|Mtikeni Patrick Sibande]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530057|Brandon Rodney Topham]]''
|
|
| 2015-10-06
| 2018-03-18
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530058|Solomon Lechesa Tsenoli]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530059|Patrick Chauke]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2015-12-09
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530060|Andricus van der Westhuizen]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Andricus vdw DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530061|James Vos]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-11-11
| [[Fáìlì:Cape Town MMC James Vos.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530067|Hildah Vangile Nyambi]]''
|
|
| 2014-11-14
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530068|Dipuo Letsatsi-Duba]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2019-06-05
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530071|Choloane David Matsepe]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530136|Russel Cebekhulu]]''
|
|
| 2015-08-01<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47530161|Bertha Peace Mabe]]''
|
|
| 2017-02-24<br/>2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2016-12-06
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536490|Hendrik Krüger]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536522|Sheilla Tembalam Xego]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536761|Christian Themba Msimang]]''
|
|
| 2014-08-23<br/>2019-05-22
| 2017-11-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536774|Mmabatho Olive Mokause]]''
|
|
| 2015-04-13<br/>2019-05-22
| 2018-01-01<br/>2019-09-09
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536775|Elsabe Ntlangwini]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536776|Mathews Wolmarans]]''
|
|
| 2017-09-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536780|Nhlanhlakayise Moses Khubisa]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536782|Liezl Linda van der Merwe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22<br/>2024-05-29<br/>2012-05-07
| 2019-05-07<br/>2024-05-28<br/>2014-05-20
| [[Fáìlì:2024-11-06, 3ª sessão de trabalho do Fórum Parlamentar do G20 (54122201399).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536786|Shadrack Tlhaole]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017-02-01
| 2017-10-31
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536789|Mzingisi Marshall Dlamini]]''
|
|
| 2015-04-13<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Marshall Dlamini, Feb 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536792|Thembisile Cheryl Majola-Embalo]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-25
| 2019-01-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536793|Sfiso Norbert Buthelezi]]''
|
|
| 2016-04-04
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536797|Ellen Molekane]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-25
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536813|Makgathatso Charlotte Chana Pilane-Majake]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536847|Moses Mbatha]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2018-01-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536864|Thabo Moses Manyoni]]''
|
|
| 2016-09-04
| 2017-05-15
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536916|Masefele Rosalia Morutoa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536937|Reiney Thamie Hugo]]''
|
|
| 2017-09-04
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47536946|Thandi Vivian Tobias]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47878458|Timothy Khoza]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-26
| 2017-08-02
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890496|Bonisile Alfred Nesi]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-10-02
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890500|Mangaqa Albert Mncwango]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-06-15
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890555|Itumeleng Mosala]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-12-09
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890561|Hlakudi Frans Nkoana]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890578|Tete Ramalie Jonas Ezekiel Ramokhoase]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-09-02
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890588|Solomon Patrick Mabilo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-10-17
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890596|Andrew Grant Whitfield]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2016-08-06
| [[Fáìlì:Andrew Whitfield.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890603|Joseph Job McGluwa]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2018-08-16<br/>2019-05-22
| 2015-11-12<br/>2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890613|Heinrich Cyril Volmink]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-03-14
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890624|Hlayiseka Crucief Chewane]]''
|
|
| 2015-05-20
| 2017-01-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890639|Nicholous Pro Khoza]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-01-24
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890647|Seropane Senyane Alton Mphethi]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-06-18
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890655|Kgotso Zachariah Morapela]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-10-31
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890678|Bernard Daniel Joseph]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-05
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890694|Pumza Ntobongwana]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-08-23
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890706|Asanda Matshobeni]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-08-23
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890713|Johanna Fredrika Terblanche]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-09-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890722|Yolanda Rachel Botha]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2014-12
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890733|Abinaar Modikela Matlhoko]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-08-19
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890739|Mantsheng Anna Tsopo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2014-10-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890751|Michael Malisa Tshishonga]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-05
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890776|Agnes Daphne Noluthando Qikani]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-12-05
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890786|Diliza Lucky Twala]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-07-16
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890797|Shela Paulina Boshielo]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-06-05
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890812|Lance William Greyling]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-02-28
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890821|Zizi Kodwa]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2014-05-26
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890848|John Andile Mngxitama]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-04
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890857|Magdalene Moonsamy]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890869|Abram Molefe Mudau]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-01-30
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890880|Joel Sibusiso Ndebele]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2014-05-25
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890891|Ramakaudi Paul Ramakatsa]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2015-04
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890940|Elvis Kholwana Siwela]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2017-09-20<br/>2023-04-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890956|Raesibe Eunice Nyalungu]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-07-21
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890961|Trevor John Bonhomme]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-07-29
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890972|Johanna Mmule Maluleke]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-06-03
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890979|Maureen Angela Scheepers]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-06-30
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890986|Mzwandile Collen Masina]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-08-23
| [[Fáìlì:Mzwandile Masina.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890991|Bennet Mzwenqaba Bhanga]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-08-06
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47890998|Monwabisi Bevan Goqwana]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2016-06-27
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47891871|Lumka Elizabeth Yengeni]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2017-10-02
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48078983|Terence Mpanza]]''
|
|
| 2017-04-24<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48079764|Mgcini Tshwaku]]''
|
|
| 2017-11-01<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-02-09
| [[Fáìlì:Mgcini Tshwaku, December 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48079992|Carin Visser]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017-12-01
| 2018-08-16
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48080455|Nontando Nolutshungu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-01-05<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48081103|Wouter Wessels]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017-12-01<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Wouter Wessels (cropped) 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48081399|Khonziwe Hlonyana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-01-01<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48086018|Sophie Thembekwayo]]''
|
|
| 2017-01-04<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48086661|Thembisile Khanyile]]''
|
|
| 2017-12-01<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48087000|Elphas Buthelezi]]''
|
|
| 2017-11-01<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Mzamo Buthelezi on PolitySA.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50365087|Sfiso Buthelezi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50379467|Reginah Mhaule]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-02-26<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50379469|Inkosi Holomisa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51673650|Alvin Botes]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-02-27<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Alvin Botes 077A7226 (52048743762).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51674050|Neliswa Peggy Nkonyeni]]''
|
|
| 2018-02-27
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52151613|Sisi Ntombela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Free State Premier Sisi Ntombela.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55351310|Gwen Ngwenya]]''
|
|
| 2018-02-27
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Amanda Ngwenya, UCT SRC president.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55351542|Nhlanhla Xaba]]''
|
|
| 2018-02-27
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55351699|Tsholofelo Katlego Motshidi]]''
|
|
| 2018-03-18
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56217418|Phoebe Noxolo Abraham-Ntantiso]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-08-14<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56299105|Albert Mammoga Seabi]]''
|
|
| 2018-07-30<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56299115|Nomvuzo Francisca Shabalala]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-07-31<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2020-12-26
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56738076|Michael Stephen Shackleton]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-09-01
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56738077|Johan Jaco Londt]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018-09-07
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:WC Minister Jaco Londt speaks.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56738078|Yoliswa Nomampondomise Yako]]''
|
|
| 2018-09-03<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Yoliswa Yako.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56738079|Busisiwe Clarah Ndlovu]]''
|
|
| 2018-08-17
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57393791|Lesiba Dorah Meso]]''
|
|
| 2018-08-17
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57548018|Violet Siwela]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57976425|Helmar Philip Geyer]]''
|
|
| 2018-10-16
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60300641|Debbie Schäfer]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Debbie Schafer MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60442522|Nceba Hinana]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-03-04
| [[Fáìlì:Nceba Hinana.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60442529|Khaya Magaxa]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61132965|Johni Steenkamp]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61610325|Watty Watson]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Watty Watson.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61625033|Bongiwe Mbinqo-Gigaba]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Northern Cape MEC for DSAC Bongiwe Mbinqo-Gigaba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61625040|Mxolisa Sokatsha]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2022-03-25
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62030347|Gloria Fanta]]''
|
|
| 2019-02-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62030383|Ntshetsi Seabi]]''
|
|
| 2019-02-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64009839|Ringo Madlingozi]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ringo Madlingozi, March 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399279|Gordon Gcinikhaya Mpumza]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399280|Mncedisi Nontsele]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399281|Zamuxolo Joseph Peter]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2020-07-31
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399282|Busisiwe Tshwete]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399283|Nonkosi Queenie Mvana]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399284|Sakhumzi Stoffels Somyo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399285|Nolitha Ntobongwana]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399286|Samantha Jane Graham]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Samantha Graham.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399288|Baxolile Babongile Nodada]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399290|Xola Nqola]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399291|Nqabisa Gantsho]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:II Fórum de Mulheres Parlamentares do Brics (54564881822) (Nqabisa Gantsho).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399293|Zola Mlenzana]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399294|Pumza Patricia Dyantyi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| [[Xolisile Qayiso]]
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399296|Dikeledi Rosemary Direko]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399297|Lawrence Edward Mc Donald]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399298|Dibolelo Kathleen Mance]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-03-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399299|Nomsa Josephina Kubheka]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399301|Thanduxolo David Khalipha]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2021-11-24
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399302|Michéle Clarke]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Michele Clarke.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399304|Madeleine Bertine Hicklin]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399306|Nazley Khan Sharif]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Nazley Khan Sharif, MP for the DA.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399307|Mathew John Cuthbert]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399308|Patrick Sindane]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2021-12-08
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399309|Frederik Jacobus Mulder]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399310|Philippus Van Staden]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Philip van Staden, Gauteng MPL.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399311|Bafuze Sicelo Yabo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399312|Alfred Tseki]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399314|Annah Gela]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399315|Heinrich Giovanni April]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399316|Lisa Nkosinathi Mangcu]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399317|Maggie Tlou]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2022-02-03
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399318|Thlologelo Malatji]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399319|Bernice Swarts]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399320|Nomathemba Hendrietta Maseko-Jele]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399321|Walter Tebogo Letsie]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399322|Anastasia Motaung]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2022-08-14
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399323|Maidi Dorothy Mabiletsa]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399324|Oscar Masarona Mathafa]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399325|Hope Papo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399326|Simphiwe Gcwele Nomvula Mbatha]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399327|Matshidiso Melina Gomba]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399328|Jacqueline Mofokeng]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399329|Mfana Robert Mashego]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399330|Teliswa Mgweba]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399331|Judith Tshabalala]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399332|Boyce Makhosonke Maneli]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399333|Tshilidzi Bethuel Munyai]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-02-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399334|Siphosethu Lindinkosi Ngcobo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399335|Magdalena Duduzile Hlengwa]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399336|Mthokozisi Nkululeko Nxumalo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2021-08-02
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399337|Christopher Howard Mzwakhe Sibisi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-10-18
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399338|Sibongiseni Ngcobo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399339|Hannah Shameema Winkler]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399342|Phuti Peter Keetse]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2020-10-05
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399343|Vusumuzi Cyril Xaba]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399344|Sibongiseni Maxwell Dhlomo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sibongiseni Dhlomo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399345|Thembeka Vuyisile Buyisile Mchunu]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399346|Njabulo Bheka Nzuza]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399347|Dorah Dunana Dlamini]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2020-06-10
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399348|Audrey Sbongile Zuma]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399349|Duduzile Patricia Sibiya]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399350|Sibusiso Welcome Mdabe]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399352|Jabulile Mkhwanazi]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399353|Bavelile Gloria Hlongwa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399354|Lizzie Fikelephi Shabalala]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399355|Beauty Thulani Zibula]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399356|Alice Hlebani Mthembu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-12-26
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399357|Nobuhle Pamela Nkabane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Nobuhle Nkabane South Africa (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399358|Ernest Thokozani Myeni]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399359|Sibusiso Nigel Gumede]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399360|Thandiwe Rose Marry Zungu]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399361|Raesibe Martha Moatshe]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399362|Nhlagongwe Patricia Mahlo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399363|Marubini Lourane Lubengo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399364|Mosa Steve Chabane]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399365|Matodzi Mirriam Ramadwa]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399366|Patamedi Ronald Moroatshehla]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399367|Carol Mokgadi Phiri]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399368|John Hlengani Bilankulu]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399369|Tshilidzi Thomas Gumbu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399371|Masefako Clarah Dikgale]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-01-30
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399372|Jacob Boy Mamabolo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399373|Tebogo Josephine Mokwele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2019-08-19
| [[Fáìlì:Tebogo Mokwele.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399374|Altia Sthembile Hlongo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399375|Thabile Sylvia Masondo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399376|Elphus Fani Mathebula]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399377|Vuyisile Promise Malomane]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399378|Timothy Victor Mashele]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399379|Valentia Thokozile Malinga]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399380|Ntaoleng Patricia Peacock]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399383|Gizella Opperman]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Gizella Opperman.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399384|Mirriam Thenjiwe Kibi]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399385|Dikgang Mathews Stock]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399386|Mathedi Asnath Molekwa]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399387|Keitumetse Bridgette Tlhomelang]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399388|Sibusiso Macdonald Kula]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-10-14
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399389|Cheryl Phillips]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399390|Isaac Sello Seitlholo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sello Seitlholo 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399391|Itiseng Kenneth Morolong]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399392|Nombuyiselo Gladys Adoons]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399393|Jane Manganye]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399394|Lesiba Ezekiel Molala]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399395|Tidimalo Legwase]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:11º Fórum Parlamentar do Brics - Brasil 2025 - Sessão de Encerramento (54570253460) (Tidimalo Legwase).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399396|Benedicta Maria Van Minnen]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399397|Hisamodien Mohamed]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399398|Faiez Jacobs]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399400|Kenneth Jacobs]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399401|Bheki Mathews Hadebe]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399402|Siphokuhle Patrein]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399403|Emma Louise Powell]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399404|Jan Naudé De Villiers]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399405|Leon Amos Schreiber]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Leon Schreiber, May 2017.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399407|Alexandra Abrahams]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399408|Tandi Gloria Mpambo-Sibhukwana]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2020-06-19
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399410|Marie Elizabeth Sukers]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399411|Ockert Stefanus Terblanche]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399412|Willem Faber]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Willem Faber MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399413|Mogamad Ganief Ebrahim Hendricks]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ganief Hendricks.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399414|Thandiswa Linnen Marawu]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399415|Vuyolwethu Zungula]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399418|Rhulani Thembi Siweya]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:ThembiSiweya.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399419|Heloise Jordaan]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Heloise Denner.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399420|Ignatius Michael Groenewald]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399421|Pieter Mey]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399422|Tamarin Breedt]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399423|Wynand Johannes Boshoff]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399424|Mzwanele Nyhontso]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22<br/>2021-09-02
| 2021-06-23
| [[Fáìlì:GWF 2026 - 28 April - image 9.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399425|Bhekizizwe Nivard Luthuli]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399426|Zandile Majozi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:11º Fórum Parlamentar do Brics - Brasil 2025 - Jantar de boas-vindas (54564328355) (Zandile Majozi).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399427|Shaun Nigel August]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2022-02-02
| [[Fáìlì:Shaun August.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399428|Henry Andries Shembeni]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-06-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399429|Makosini Mishack Chabangu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-02-02
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399430|Annacleta Mathapelo Siwisa]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399432|Dumisani Fannie Mthenjane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-06-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399433|Shirley Motshegoane Mokgotho]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-06-01
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399435|Delisile Blessing Ngwenya]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2021-11-30
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399436|Lorato Florence Tito]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399437|Thokozani Makhosonke Langa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-02-03
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399438|Thembi Portia Msane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-09-12
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399439|Vuyani Pambo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Vuyani Pambo, Jan 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399440|Naledi Nokukhanya Chirwa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Naledi Chirwa, 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399442|Mothusi Kenneth Montwedi]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399443|Mathibe Rebecca Mohlala]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399444|Washington Tseko Isaac Mafanya]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399445|Ciliesta Motsepe]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-06-01
| [[Fáìlì:Ciliesta Motsepe.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399446|Annerie Maria Magdalena Weber]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399447|Thamsanqa Bhekokwakhe Mabhena]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399448|Cilliers Brink]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-02-23
| [[Fáìlì:Cilliers Brink.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399449|Siviwe Gwarube]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Siviwe Gwarube.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399450|Jacques Warren William Julius]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2022-08-18
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399451|Ashor Sarupen]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ashor Sarupen.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399452|Thabo Nelson Mmutle]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399453|Mikateko Golden Mahlaule]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399454|Jane Seboletswe Mananiso]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399455|Nompendulo Thobile Mkhatshwa]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Malala Yousafzai - Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture (72177720313182913).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399456|Khumbudzo Ntshavheni]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:South African Minister Khumbudzo Ntshavheni (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399457|Moleboheng Modise]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399458|Phillip Matsapole Pogiso Modise]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399459|Sibongile Jeremia Besani]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2019-07-05
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399460|Nomadewuka Nancy Sihlwayi]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399461|Nomasonto Evelyn Motaung]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399462|Tyotyo Hubert James]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2023-10-14
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399463|Bekizwe Simon Nkosi]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399464|Desmond Lawrence Moela]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399465|Boitumelo Elizabeth Moloi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399466|Phindisile Pretty Xaba-Ntshaba]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399467|Fikile Devilliers Xasa]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399468|Mokone Collen Maine]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2019-07-05
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399469|Sidumo Mbongeni Dlamini]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399470|Pemmy Majodina]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Pemmy Majodina 2026-03-06.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399471|David Masondo]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399473|Wayne Maxim Thring]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399474|Noko Phineas Masipa]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:DA MP Noko Masipa with Wikipedian Lefcentreright at Paarl Boys High School (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399475|Mergan Chetty]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399477|Luyolo Mphithi]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Luyolo Mphithi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399478|Haseenabanu Ismail]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64399479|Mimmy Martha Gondwe]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mimmy Gondwe 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64422651|Laetitia Heloise Arries]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Heloise Arries.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64422656|Rosina Ntshetsana Komane]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64422658|Khanya Ceza]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64422662|Adrian Christopher Roos]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64711336|Barbara Creecy]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-05-22
|
| [[Fáìlì:Barbara Creecy.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q67319199|Wendy Nelson]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79975050|Dimpho Hani]]''
|
|
| 1994-05
| 1999-08-17
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90278094|Deetlefs du Toit]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Deetlefs du Toit, former MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90574615|Omphile Maotwe]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Omphile Maotwe, November 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91041238|Hlanganani Gumbi]]''
|
|
| 2019-05-22
| 2022-11-03
| [[Fáìlì:Hlanganani Gumbi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91707681|Sussana Dantjie]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q94102344|Mervyn Dirks]]''
|
|
| 2014-05-21<br/>2019-05-22
| 2019-05-07<br/>2023-01-30
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97010099|Catherine Mabuza]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97515584|Pinky Phosa]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97572648|Julie Kilian]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2009
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98187397|Vytjie Mentor]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Vytjie Mentor, former ANC MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99442281|Theo Willem Coetzee]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2009-05-06
| 2014-05-06
| [[Fáìlì:Theo Coetzee DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100276084|Priscilla Jana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 1994-05-09
| 1999-06
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102198276|Ismail Mohamed]]''
|
|
| 1994-05
| 2009-05
| [[Fáìlì:Ismail J Mohamed.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104670588|Koos van der Merwe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q193619|Union of South Africa]]''<br/>[[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 1994
| 2014
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104903655|Nombulelo Hermans]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019-06-13
| 2021-01-18
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105084390|Marius Swart]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2004
| 2014
| [[Fáìlì:Marius Swart.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110810709|Zoliswa Kota-Mpeko]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
| [[Fáìlì:Zoliswa Kota 2000 (profile).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116233944|Bob Mabaso]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117262665|Rebecca Kasienyane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117289173|Mmathulare Coleman]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117473185|Pat Lebenya-Ntanzi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117474562|Dorothy Motubatse-Hounkpatin]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117477069|Angie Molebatsi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117488211|Doris Ngcengwane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117510378|Bongi Maria Ntuli]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2014-05-25
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117532189|Shakes Cele]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2014-05-21
| 2019-05-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117554093|Albertina Luthuli]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117616293|Caroline Makasi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117848338|Makho Njobe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117992233|Kay Moonsamy]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 1999-09-27
| 2009-05-06
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118313975|Margaret Rajbally]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sunklavathy Rajbally.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118557696|Tlokwe Maserumule]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2010-07-29<br/>1999-06
| 2014-05-06<br/>2009-05
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118630398|Mamabolo Nwedamutswu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 1994-05
| 1999-06
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q119335065|Eugene Mthethwa]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2023-06-01
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q119341930|Mandla Shikwambana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2023-06-01
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q119341964|Nqobile Mhlongo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2023-06-01<br/>2025-02-07
| 2024-05-28
| [[Fáìlì:Nqobile Mhlongo, August 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Doris Sikosana]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2008-11-14
| 2009-05
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q119459578|Avril Harding]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2004-04-23
| 2007-08-22
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121167208|Suzan Berend]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2013-03-12
| 2014-05-06
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126078676|Canaan Mdletshe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2024-04-24
| 2024-05-28
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127694914|Joyce Bila]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2024-06-14
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130544763|Cleo Wilskut]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2024-06
| 2024-11-07
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131758925|Lencel Komane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2024-06-14
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131935758|Carol Mafagane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2024-06-14
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133898202|Zelna Abader]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2024-06-25
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137667753|Malebo Kobe]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2024
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
ja8m5n066no300w290mzxod02bmb9r8
Oníṣe:GerardM/Member of the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe
2
66797
622407
622121
2026-06-15T21:44:43Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622407
wikitext
text/x-wiki
This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe who was a member twice does not show twice.
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21296472 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21296472/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21296472/P580:Start date,P39/Q21296472/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| [[Morgan Tsvangirai]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q654342|Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q750583|Southern Rhodesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q217169|Rhodesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q890120|Zimbabwe Rhodesia]]''<br/>[[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morgan Tsvangirai Oslo 2009 A.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q313424|Ian Douglas Smith]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]<br/>''[[:d:Q217169|Rhodesia]]''<br/>[[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ian Smith 1975.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q432934|Arthur Mutambara]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mutambara 2009 crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]]
| olóṣèlú, Sìmbábúè
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Emmerson Mnangagwa Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q514464|Simbarashe Mumbengegwi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Simbarashe Mumbengegwi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q981736|Joice Mujuru]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Joice Mujuru at Horasis Global Arab Business Meeting 2012 crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1379403|Simba Makoni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1399766|Joseph Msika]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Joseph Msika.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1533788|Godfrey Beremauro]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1538373|Ndabaningi Sithole]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]<br/>''[[:d:Q217169|Rhodesia]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ndabaningi Sithole (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2011278|Obert Mpofu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2112402|Stan Mudenge]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2209549|Sabina Mugabe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2287723|Simon Muzenda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2407586|Elliot Manyika]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2001-07-28
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2431630|Tichaona Jokonya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3062672|Roy Bennett]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Roy Bennett 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3081621|Francis Nhema]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3133488|Herbert Murerwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3183430|Jonathan Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3264301|Lovemore Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3274147|John Nkomo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3369338|Patrick Chinamasa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Patrick Chinamasa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4305770|Solomon Mujuru]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4687771|Aeneas Chigwedere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4730957|Allan Savory]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Allan Savory (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741842|Ambrose Mutinhiri]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2000-11-26
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4747917|Amos Midzi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4757697|Andrew Langa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2002-10-27
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4795279|Arnold Tsunga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4926322|Blessing Chebundo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4944569|Border Gezi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4967458|Bright Matonga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5017585|Cain Mathema]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Minister Cain Mathema.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5091407|Chenjerai Hunzvi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5107550|Chris Mushohwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5147035|Collen Gwiyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5218173|Daniel Molokele]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5218758|Daniel Shumba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5230802|David Anthony Chimhini]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5231960|David Butau]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5232494|David Coltart]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:David Coltart.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5238373|David Parirenyatwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:David Parirenyatwa (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5274292|Didymus Mutasa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:DidymusMutasa1988.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5301822|Douglas Mombeshora]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5335953|Eddie Cross]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5340066|Edna Madzongwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Edna Madzongwe at the 53rd Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference, in New Delhi on September 22, 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5340334|Edson Zvobgo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Eddison Zvobgo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5360562|Elias Mudzuri]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5367269|Elphas Mukonoweshuro]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5367868|Elton Mangoma]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5387062|Eric Matinenga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5416378|Evelyn Masaiti]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5427612|Faber Chidarikire]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5442264|Felix Magalela Mafa Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5446764|Fidelis Mhashu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5458776|Fletcher Dulini]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5460278|Flora Buka]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5559396|Gibson Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5559982|Gift Banda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5561692|Giles Mutsekwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5576402|Godfrey Chidyausiku]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5584672|Gorden Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5720588|Heneri Dzinotyiweyi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5927511|Hubert Nyanhongo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6019041|Paul Temba Nyathi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6146138|Jameson Timba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6187759|Jessie Majome]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Jessie Fungayi Majome profile pic(1).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6213465|Joel Gabuza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6276249|Joram Gumbo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6282111|Joseph Chinotimba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6285211|Joseph Made]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6386891|Kembo Mohadi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2008-08-25
| 2018-07
| [[Fáìlì:Vice President of Zimbabwe, Mr. Kembo Mohadi, at the Munhumutapa Building, in Harare, Zimbabwe on November 03, 2018 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6505903|Lazarus Dokora]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2006-10-07
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6510240|Learnmore Jongwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6769164|Mark Partridge]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mark Partridge.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6828646|Michael Bimha]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Michael Bimha (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6848219|Mike Nyambuya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6875513|Misheck Kagurabadza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6915903|Moses Ndlovu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6935586|Munacho Mutezo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6937034|Munyaradzi Gwisai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6938737|Murisi Zwizwai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2003-08-30
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7025447|Nicholas Goche]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7048451|Nomalanga Khumalo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7070929|Nyasha Chikwinya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088073|Olivia Muchena]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Olivia muchena.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7095508|Oppah Muchinguri]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Oppah Muchinguri.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7116568|Ozias Bvute]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7117376|P. K. van der Byl]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]<br/>[[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7149825|Paul Chimedza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7152179|Paul Mangwana]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7155466|Paurina Mpariwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7185645|Phillip Chiyangwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7245611|Priscilla Misihairabwi-Mushonga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Zanda Kalniņa-Lukaševica tiekas ar Zimbabves vēstnieci 02.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7317489|Reuben Marumahoko]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7378129|Rugare Gumbo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7410395|Tendai Biti]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Tendai Biti, 2009 World Economic Forum on Africa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7412244|Samuel Mumbengegwi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7412644|Samuel Sipepa Nkomo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7412813|Samuel Undenge]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7428343|Saviour Kasukuwere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Saviour Kasukuwere - 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7446983|Seiso Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7456035|Sesel Zvidzai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7507257|Sibonile Nyamudeza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7513688|Sikhanyiso Ndlovu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7641876|Supa Mandiwanzira]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7659134|Swithun Mombeshora]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7660136|Sydney Sekeramayi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7660812|Sylvester Nguni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7710066|Thamsanqa Mahlangu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7782879|Theresa Makoni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7807530|Timothy Stamps]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]<br/>[[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7808439|Tinos Rusere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7847292|Trudy Stevenson]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7964549|Walter Chidhakwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7965696|Walter Mzembi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2004-10-09
|
| [[Fáìlì:H.E. Walter Mzembi, Minister of Tourism & Hospitality Industry, Government of Zimbabwe cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7978955|Webster Shamu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo, Aaron Samuriwo & Webster Shamu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7982050|Welshman Ncube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:The Minister of Industry & Commerce, Zimbabwe, Prof. Welshman Ncube meeting the Union Minister for Commerce and Industry, Shri Anand Sharma, in New Delhi on March 29, 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8003386|Willard Chiwewe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8023117|Wilson Kumbula]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q9358456|Thokozani Khuphe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Thokozani Khuphe.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14922135|Moven Mahachi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15992851|Edward Chindori-Chininga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16016626|Josiah Tungamirai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2004-02-03
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16151660|Ignatious Chombo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ignatius Chombo 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16195944|Fortune Chasi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16207702|Nelson Chamisa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2003-03-30
|
| [[Fáìlì:Nelson Chamisa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16222304|Psychology Maziwisa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16732942|Simbi Mubako]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Tracy Mutinhiri]]
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733535|Sithembiso Nyoni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sithembiso Nyoni at UNCTAD eWeek 2023- Shaping the future of the digital economy (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19144163|David Karimanzira]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2006
| 2005-04-15
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25697807|Kumbirai Kangai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Independence Day Celebrations at the Ambassador's Residence, Harare, Zimbabwe. Guests at the function included Deputy Speaker of Parliament, Kumbirai Kangai.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27380169|Cephas Msipa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27469157|Victoria Chitepo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27975349|John A. Landau]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28606443|Rowan Cronjé]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29588993|Obedingwa Mguni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32534048|Christopher Kuruneri]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43266691|Christopher Mutsvangwa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q750583|Southern Rhodesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q890120|Zimbabwe Rhodesia]]''<br/>[[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43402860|Patrick Zhuwao]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2008-08-25
| 2013-06-27
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43667129|Tabetha Kanengoni Malinga]]''
| Olóṣèlú àti oníṣòwò ará Zimbabwe
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2008
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43962933|Auxillia Mnangagwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Auxillia Mnangagwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45064460|Ronnie Sadomba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45740667|Iain Kay]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2009
| 2013-06
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46853306|Jock Kay]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Thenjiwe Lesabe]]
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52084210|Rollo Hayman]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52126078|Maureen Thelma Watson]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58007739|Jacob Mudenda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Jacob Mudenda 2022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59655893|Tongai Mnangagwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63190278|Sithembile Gumbo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78315284|Joana Mamombe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85115570|Nqobizitha Ndlovu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85678901|Paul Mavima]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
| 2023-08-02
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85678984|Ziyambi Ziyambi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85772479|July Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85850886|Kazembe Kazembe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86997401|Job Sikhala]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q87110935|Winston Chitando]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89084670|Patrick Dube]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91165040|Nicola Watson]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q93452160|Mabel Chinomona]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2018-08<br/>2013-09-17
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mabel Chinomona - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q93469585|Rusty Markham]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q93578158|Christopher Chingosho]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q93838438|Raj Modi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q94034676|Mike Auret]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q94973458|Vangelis Haritatos]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Vangelis Haritatos.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q95000270|Tony Gara]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q95671086|Peter Hewlett]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96094584|Ernest Bulle]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97154086|Daniel Garwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97326327|Joseph Musa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2005-06-18
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97816798|Masango Matambanadzo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2013-07-31
| 2018-07<br/>2020-07-28
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98112108|Owen Ncube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98931496|Soda Zhemu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Soda Zhemu - 2021 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100524761|Mathew Nyashanu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105071475|Joel Matiza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105649282|Felix Mhona]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106074124|John Houghton]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107491736|Peter Haritatos]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107534597|Bekithemba Mpofu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110197420|Jenfan Muswere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111270218|Paddy Zhanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111270219|Davis Marapira]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111270220|Douglas Karoro]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281516|Abednico Bhebhe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281517|Abednico Ncube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281518|Abigail Damasane]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281519|Adam Chimwamurombe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281520|Albert Mhlanga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281521|Aldrin Musiiwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281522|Alexio Musundire]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281523|Alfred Mufunga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281606|Anastancia Ndhlovu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281607|Anele Ndebele]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281608|Aqualina Katsande]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281609|Batsirayi Pemhenayi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281610|Bekithemba Nyathi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281611|Berta Chikwama]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281612|Biata B. Nyamupinga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281614|Blessed Runesu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281615|Cephas Sindi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281616|Chenayimoyo D. Francis Nhema]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281617|Christopher Chigumba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2004-03-28
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281618|Christopher Chitindi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281619|Chriswell Mutematsaka]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281620|Chuma K. Bhasikiti]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281621|Clifford Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281622|Costa Machingauta]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281623|Daniel M. Ncube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281624|David Chapfika]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281625|Denford Masiya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281626|Dextor T. Nduna]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281627|Dingilizwe Tshuma]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281628|Dorcas Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281629|Dorothy Mangami]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281630|Dubeko Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281631|Edgar Chidavaenzi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281633|Edgar Mbwembwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281634|Edmond Mhere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281635|Edson Gumbo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281636|Enock Porusingazi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281637|Ephraim Gwanonodza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281638|Epmarcus Kanhanga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281639|Erick Murai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281640|Ezira Ruvai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281641|Fani Phanuel Phiri]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281642|Francis Muchenje]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281643|Francis Mukwangwariwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281644|Fred Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281645|Fungai J Majome]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281646|Getrude Chibagu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281647|Getrude Hungwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281648|Gift Chimanikire]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281649|Gladys Mathe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281650|Godfrey Gandawa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281651|Godfrey N Malaba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281652|Godfrey Sithole]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281653|Harris Ncube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281654|Hazvineyi Z Makari]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281655|Innocent Gonese]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281656|Innocent Pedzisai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281657|Irene Zindi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281658|Iris Chiratidzo Mabuwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:2013-Zimbabwe's Deputy Min of Industry Mabuwa (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281659|Isaac Mackenzie]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281660|Jaison Passade]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281661|James Maridadi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281662|Jeffrey Runzirwai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281663|Jeppy Jaboon]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281664|John Holder]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281665|Jonathan Samukange]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281666|Joseph Mapiki]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281667|Joseph Tshuma]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281668|Josephat Madubeko]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281669|Josephine Value Chitembwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281670|Judith Muzhavazhe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281671|Justice Mayor Wadyajena]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281672|Kalitso Gwanetsa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281673|Kennedy Matimba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281674|Kenneth S. Musanhi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281675|Kindness Paradza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2003-08-30
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281676|Kizito Chivamba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281677|Kudzanayi Chipanga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281678|Ladislus Ndoro]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281679|Lamson Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281680|Leonard Chikomba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281681|Lilian Zemura]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281682|Lovemore Matuke]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2005-11-26
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281683|Lucia Matibenga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281684|Luke Musamvu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281685|Lungisani Nleya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281687|Mabel Kaundikiza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281688|Mabel Matirangano Nkatazo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281689|Madodana Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281690|Mafios Vutete]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281691|Maideyi Mpala]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281692|Makhosini Hlongwane]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281693|Malach Nkomo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281694|Mandi M. Chimene]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281695|Mapetere D. V. Mawere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281696|Margaret Matienga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281698|Martin Khumalo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2004-05-16
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281700|Mathias S. Ndlovu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281701|Mathias Tongofa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281702|Melenia Mahiya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281704|Metrine Mdau]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281705|Michael Madanha]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281706|Mike Gava]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281707|Miriam Makweya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281708|Monica Chigudu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281709|Moses Manyengawana]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281710|Mthokozisi M. Mpofu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281711|Mubvumbi Mawere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281712|Munyaradzi Kereke]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281713|Never Khanye]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281714|Newton Kachepa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281715|Nomathemba Ndlovu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281716|Nomsa Jenifer Mlanga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281717|Noveti Muponora]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281718|Oliver Mandipaka]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281719|Omega S Hungwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281720|Paradzai Chakona]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281721|Paul Madzore]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281723|Peter Mataruse]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281724|Petronella Kagonye]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281725|Phelele Masuku]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281727|Phineas Chiota]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281728|Pius Madzinga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281729|Prosper Mutseyami]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281730|Psychology Mazivisa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281731|Ray Kaukonde]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2005-04-15
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281732|Raymore Machingura]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281733|Reggie Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281734|Robert Mukwena]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281735|Robson Mavenyengwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281736|Ronald Muderedzwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281737|Roselyn Nkomo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281738|Rossy Mpofu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281739|Sabbina Mangwende]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281740|Samson T. Mukanduri]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281741|Sarah Mahoka]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281742|Settlement Chikwinya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281743|Shadreck Mashayamombe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281744|Simbaneuta Mudarikwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281745|Simon Chidhakwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281746|Simon Musanhu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281747|Sipho Dube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281748|Sithemba Gumbo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281749|Solomon Madzore]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281750|Soul Ncube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281751|Tapiwa Mashakada]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281752|Tapiwanashe Matangaidze]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281753|Tariro Mtingwende]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281754|Temba Mliswa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281755|Tendai Savanhu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281756|Tendayi Makunde]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281758|Terence Mukupe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281759|Teti Banda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281760|Thabitha Khumalo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281761|Thomas Maseko]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281762|Tinashe Maduza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281763|Tionei Melody Dziva]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281764|Toendepi Matangira]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281765|Tongai Muzenda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281766|Tongesai Mudambo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281767|Tose Wesley Sansole]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281768|Trevor Saruwaka]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281769|Tshinga J Dube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281770|Tsitsi Gezi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281771|Unganai Tarusenga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281772|Washington Masvaire]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281773|Webster Maondera]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281774|William M. Dhewa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281775|William Mutomba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281776|Willias Madzimure]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281777|Win Busayi Mlambo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281778|Wonder Mashange]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281779|Zenzo Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282848|Alice Ndhlovu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282849|Amos Chibaya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282850|Angeline Chipato]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282851|Annah Rungani]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282852|Annastazia Nyahino]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282853|Bacillia Majaya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282854|Brian Tshuma]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282855|Christina Nyere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282856|Concilia Chinanzvavana]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282857|Constance Tsomondo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282858|Darlington Chiwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282859|Dorothy Kadungure]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282860|Dorothy Mashonganyika]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282861|Dorothy Ndlovu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282862|Elizabeth Shongedza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282863|Emma Muzondiwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282864|Ester Chikuni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282865|Eunice Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282866|Fani Munengami]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282867|Fanny Chirisa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282868|Goodlucky Kwaramba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282869|Irimai Mukwishu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282870|Jasmine Toffa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282872|Jeremiah Chiwetu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282873|Joan Tsogorani]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282874|Joyce Makonya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282875|Lucia Chitura]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282876|Lwazi Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282877|Macdonald Muchetwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282878|Mafoko Labode]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282879|Mail Nkomo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282880|Mandi Chimene]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282881|Masaiti Muzungu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282882|Memory Munochinzwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282883|Miriam Chikukwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282884|Molly Mnkandla]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282885|Philina Zhou]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282886|Revai Muguti]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282887|Roseline Makoni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282888|Sabina Thembani]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282889|Sibusisiwe Budha]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282890|Sikhanyisiwe Mpofu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282892|Spiwe Muchenje]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282893|Tafanana Zhou]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282894|Ticharwa Madondo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282895|Yeukai Simbanegavi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283552|Angelina Masuku]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283561|Jaison Max Korerai Machaya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283578|Molly Mkandla]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283586|Ruth Mafoko Labode]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283587|Shuvai Ben Mahofa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283592|Thokozile A. Mathuthu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283850|Fortune Charumbira]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291744|Douglas Mwonzora]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Image of Douglas Mwonzora seated in Formal lounge.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291896|Ability Gandawa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291897|Albert Nguluvhe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291898|Alum Mpofu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291899|Andrew Nkani]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291900|Annah Myambo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291901|Augustine Dumo Musikavanhu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291903|Bannwell Seremwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291905|Barbara Rwodzi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291908|Bramwell Bushu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291909|Brian Dube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291910|Brightness Mangora]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291911|Campion Takura Mugweni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291912|Caston Matewu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291913|Catherine Gozho]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291914|Cecil Kashiri]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291915|Chalton Hwende]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291916|Charles Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291917|Chido Madiwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291918|Chido Sanyatwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291919|Claudious Maronge]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291920|Clemence Chiduwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291921|Colletta Mutambisi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291922|Consilia Chinanzvavana]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291923|Constance Chihururu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291924|Cuthbert Mpame]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291925|David Musabayana]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291926|David Tekeshe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291928|Davison Svuure]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291930|Dingumuzi Phuti]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291931|Doubt Ndiweni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291932|Dumezweni Mawite]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291933|Earthrage Kureva]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291934|Edgar Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291935|Edmond Mkaratigwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291936|Edmore Samambwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291937|Edwin Mushoriwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291938|Elias Musakwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291939|Elina Shirichena]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291940|Elizabeth Masuku]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291941|Energy Mutodi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Venant Mambumina Imhotep Filming Mutodi.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291943|Esther Chikuni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291945|Farai Taruvinga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291946|Fereska Nhambo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291947|Francisca Ncube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291948|Freddy Kapuya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291950|Girovah Dzepasi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291951|Godfrey Dube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291952|Goodluck Kwaramba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291953|Goodrich Chimbaira]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291954|Gorden Chanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291955|Happymore Chidziva]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291956|Hebert Shumbamhini]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291957|Ilos Nyoni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291958|Jacob Nyokanhete]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291959|James Chidakwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291960|James Munetsi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291961|James Sithole]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291962|Jefry Ngome]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291963|John Chamunorwa Mangwiro]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291964|John Paradza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291965|Johnson Madhuku]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291966|Jonah Nyikadzino Sewera]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291967|Josephine Shava]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291968|Joshua Murire]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291969|Joshua Sacco]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291970|Josiah Sithole]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291971|Joyce Jaja]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291972|Judith Mkwanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291973|Kanhutu Irene Nzenza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291974|Kennedy Dinar]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291976|Killer Zivhu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291977|Killion Kalisto Gwanetsa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291978|Kucaca Phulu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291979|Levi Mayihlome]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291981|Livingstone Chimina]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291982|Lloyd Mukapiko]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291983|Lynette Karenyi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291984|Magna Mudyiwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291985|Male Mukomo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291986|Marian Chombo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291987|Marko Raidza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292043|Mary Mliswa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292044|Mathias Matewu Mlambo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292046|Maxwell Mavhunga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292048|Memory Bodhiya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292049|Michael Madiro]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292050|Miriam Mushayi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292051|Mirriam Rutendo Chikukwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292052|Misheck Mataranyika]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292053|Mthokozisi Manoki Mpofu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292054|Muchineripi Chinyanganya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292055|Ngoni Masenda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292056|Nokuthula Matsikenyere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292057|Norman Marikisi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292058|Nyarai Tsuura]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292059|Omar Joosbi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292060|Omega Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292061|Ophar Ncube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292062|Ophias Murambiwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292063|Oscar Gorerino]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292064|Patrick Chidakwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292065|Patrick Dutiro]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292066|Perseverance Zhou]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292067|Peter Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292069|Polite Kambamwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292070|Precious Chinhamo Masango]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292071|Prince Dubeko Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292072|Priscilla Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292073|Prosper Machando]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292074|Pupurai Togarepi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292075|Regai Tsunga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292076|Remigious Matangira]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292077|Reselyn Roseweater Makoni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292078|Reuben Chikudo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292079|Richard Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292080|Richard Musiyiwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292081|Richard Tsvangirai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292082|Robson Ronald Nyathi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292083|Royi Bhilla]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292086|Ruth Mavhungu Maboyi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292087|Samuel Banda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292088|Senzeni Mafuta]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292089|Shakespear Hamauswa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292091|Sibangumuzi Khumalo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292093|Sichelesile Mahlangu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292095|Sonny Key Mguni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292096|Soul Dzuma]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292097|Spare Sithole]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292098|Spiwe Muchaneta Muchenje]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292099|Spiwe Mukunyaidze]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292100|Starman Chamisa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292101|Stars Mathe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292102|Stella Ndlovu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292103|Stephen Kabozo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292104|Stephen Ngwenya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292105|Susan Madziwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292106|Susan Matsunga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292107|Sydney Chidamba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292108|Tapera Saizi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292109|Tatenda Mavetera]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292110|Tavengwa Mukuhlani]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292111|Tawanda Karikoga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292112|Tawanda Tungamirayi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292113|Teedzai Percy Muchimwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292114|Tendai Nyabani]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292115|Tichaona Karimazondo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292116|Tinoda Machakarika]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292117|Tobias Kashambe Munyaradzi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292118|Torerayi Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292122|Variyeti Nhari]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292123|Victor Matemadanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292124|Virginia Zengeya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292125|Wellington Chikombo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111292126|Winnie Kankuni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295037|Abraham Sithole]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295038|Alice Mwaemura Chitima]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295040|Alois Baolyi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295041|Anadi Sisulu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295043|Busy Ngwenya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295045|Charles Pemhenai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295047|Chenayimoyo Nhema]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295048|Clemency Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295049|Cornelius Dube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295050|Costain Muguti]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295052|Edmore Maramwidze]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295054|Edmore Marima]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295055|Elias Jembere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295058|Ernest Mudavanhu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295061|Festus Dongo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295062|Fred Kanzama]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295063|Funny Munengani]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295064|Gift Dzirutwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295065|Giles Tariyafero Mutsekwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295067|Harrison Mudzuri]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295069|Heya Shoko]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295073|Irvine Dzingirai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295074|Jabulani Mangena]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295075|Jani Marandeni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295077|Jefferson Chitando]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295078|John Nyamande]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295080|Lawrence Mavima]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295081|Lovemore Mupukuta]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295083|Maposhere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295084|Marvellous Khumalo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295085|Meki Makuyana]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295086|Misheck Shoko]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313048|Mtoliki Sibanda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313049|Nkosana Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313050|Nobbie Dzinzi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313052|Paul Mazikana]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313053|Pearson Mbalekwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313054|Peter Chanetsa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313055|Renson Gasela]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313056|Rufaro Gwanzura]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313057|Silas Man'ono]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313058|Stephen Nkomo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313059|Sydney Mukwecheni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313060|Tafadzwa Musekiwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313061|Tichaona Munyanyi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313062|Victor Chitongo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313063|Walter Mutsauri]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313065|Welshman Mabhena]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313195|Bernard Makokove]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2001-09-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313197|Gibson Munyoro]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2001-09-09
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313199|Phone Madiro]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2002-09-29
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313200|Tichafa Mutema]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2003-11-30
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313421|Emmanuel Chisvuure]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2006-05-20
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313423|Kallisto Gwanetsa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2007-02-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313424|Livingstone Chineka]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2007-06-09
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313425|Steven Chiurayi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2006-10-07
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313841|Kantibhai Patel]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 1991
| 2000
| [[Fáìlì:The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu at the Samadhi of Kantibhai Govardhanbhai Patel who had migrated to Zimbabwe in 1961 and rose to become a senator and was elected as Member of Parliament, in Harare, Zimbabwe.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136477188|Desire Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2023-09-07
| 2025-10-10
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295087|Mkhosi Edward Tshotsho Moyo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295088|Moses Mare]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295090|Muza Sheunesu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295092|Naison Nemadziva]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295094|Noel Mandevu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295095|Norman Mpofu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295097|Obert Matshalaga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295098|Oliver Chirume]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295099|Pearson Mungofa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2003-03-30
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295100|Phares Hakuna Maramba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295101|Pilot Masukume]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295103|Piniel Denga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295104|Pishai Muchauraya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295105|Ramson Makamure]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295108|Rodger Tazviona]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295109|Rodrick Rutsvara]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295111|Ronald Ndava]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295116|Samuel Nkomo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295117|Shaddy Sai]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295119|Shepherd Madamombe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295122|Shuah Mudiwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295123|Siyabonga Ncube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295124|Tangwara Matimba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295125|Thandeko Mnkandla]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295126|Tongai Matutu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295127|Tranos Huruva]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295128|Webber Chinyadza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295129|Willard Chimbetete]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295159|Willis Madzimure]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312668|Aaron Baloyi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312669|Abednico Malinga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312671|Canisia Sathiwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312672|Cecilia Gwachirwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312673|Celine Pote]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312674|Charles Majange]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312675|Chenhamo Chimutingwende]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312676|Christopher Malaba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312677|Christopher Mushowe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312678|Claudius Makova]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2001-01-14
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312679|Cyprian Malisa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312680|Daniel Mackenzie Ncube]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312681|Editor Matamisa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312682|Edward Mkhosi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312683|Edwin Muguti]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312684|Enita Maziriri]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312685|Ephraim Masawi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312686|Esaph Mdhlongwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312687|Esther Nyauchi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312690|Freddy Kadzama]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312691|George Chimombe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312692|Gilbert Shoko]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312693|Isaiah Shumba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312695|Jealous Sansole]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312696|Jonathan Chandengenda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312698|Josphat Madubeko]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312699|Kenneth Mutiwekuziva]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312700|Leo Mugabe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312701|Luke Mushore]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312703|Mabel Mawere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312704|Milton Gwetu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312705|Morris Sakabuya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312706|Nelson Samkange]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312707|Njabuliso Mguni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312708|Patrick Mudzimurema]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312709|Paul Kadzima]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312710|Phineas Chihota]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2004-09-05
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312711|Sabina Zinyemba]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312712|Sandra Machirori]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312713|Shadreck Chipanga]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312714|Show Bushu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312716|Thembikosi Sibindi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312717|Timothy Mabhawu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312718|Timothy Mukahlera]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312719|Tinaye Chigudu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312720|Titus Maluleke]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312721|Try Dandawa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111312722|Zachariah Ziyambi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313025|Amos Mutongi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313026|Austin Mupandawana]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313027|Bennie Tumbare-Mutasa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313028|Bethel Makwembere]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313029|Cephas Nyoni]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313030|Charles Ndlovu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313031|David Mpala]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313032|Dunmore Makuvaza]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313033|Elick Mkandla]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313034|Elliot Chauke]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313035|Gabriel Chaibva]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313036|George Joe Ndlovu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313037|Hilda Mafudze]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313038|Innocent Chikiyi]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313039|Jacob Mabikwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313040|Jeffrey Khumalo]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313041|Jefta Chindanya]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313042|Josiah Hungwe]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313043|Justin Mutendadzamera]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313044|Kenneth Manyonda]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313045|Leonard Chirewamangu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313046|Mark Madiro]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313047|Messias Matewu]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
|
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
7rzdg14dc754o0mbl8pt6cizf4hvkci
Oníṣe:GerardM/Provinces of Algeria
2
67069
622386
622299
2026-06-15T14:53:38Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622386
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q240601 }
|section=
|sort=label
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P18:Image,P242:Map
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Image
! Map
|-
| ''[[:d:Q188166|Adrar Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:GrandErgOccidental STS059-238-88.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-01 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956694|Aflou Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:59 Aflou Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141026|Algiers Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Alger-Aurore.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Alger in Algeria 2019.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q213944|Annaba Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Hippone.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-23 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q168953|Aïn Defla Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Région de Miliana.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-44 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136806466|Aïn Oussera Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:65 Aïn Ouessara Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233670|Aïn Témouchent Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Aïn Témouchent communes de la wilaya.png|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-46 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131588587|Barika Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q215452|Batna Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:The headquarters of the wilaya of Batna.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:05 Batna Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21606902|Beni Abbes Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Béni-Abbés Oued saoura.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-52 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956698|Bir El Ater Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:62 Bir El Ater Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q458402|Biskra Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Dattes de Deglet nour à Tolga (Wilaya de Biskra).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-07 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233637|Blida Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Blidar.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-09 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76592938|Bordj Baji Mokhtar Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-50 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q266411|Bordj Bou Arréridj Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Bibanar.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-34 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131925452|Bou Saâda Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:68 Bou Saâda Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233655|Bouira Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Assiflekhmis.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-10 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q236752|Boumerdès Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Vue d'un village de Timezrit.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-35 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q215467|Béchar Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Béni-Abbés Oued saoura.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-08 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233665|Béjaïa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Siège de la wilaya de Béjaïa.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-06 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q231752|Chlef Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Pont Baarge de Oued Fooda.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-02 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q232043|Constantine Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Pont El Kantara.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-25 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77101547|Djanet Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-56 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233233|Djelfa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Statue du mouton, Wilaya de Djelfa (Algérie).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-17 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956700|El Abiodh Sidi Cheikh Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:69 El Abiodh Sidi Cheikh Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235703|El Bayadh Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:El bayadh, centre ville , moment de la neige.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-32 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956697|El Kantara Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:61 El Kantara Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77103173|El M'Ghair Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-57 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76520264|El Meniaa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:El Golea-im-Tal(1586-19).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233651|El Oued Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Siège de la wilaya d'El Oued مقر ولاية الوادي.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-39 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q236788|El Tarf Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:El tarf الطارف - مقر الولاية.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-36 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235727|Guelma Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Greater Guelma.jpeg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-24 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233659|Illizi Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Elephant, Illizi, Algeria.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-33 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77102475|In Guezzam Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:ASC Leiden - van Achterberg Collection - 01 - 05 - La rue principale d'In Guezzam, le dernier endroit avant la frontière avec le Niger - Guezzam, dans la province de Tamanrasset (wilaya), en Algérie, février 1985.tif|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-54 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76593022|In Salah Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-53 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235718|Jijel Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Corniche jijelienne 04.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-18 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q213950|Khenchela Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Mairie de Khenchela.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-40 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956695|Ksar Chellala Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956696|Ksar El Boukhari Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:67 Ksar El Boukhari Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q231748|Laghouat Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Route el kheneg-Laghouat-Algeria.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:03 Laghouat Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q240870|M'Sila Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:La porte du désert « Bou ssada ».jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-28 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q236776|Mascara Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Les Monts Beni-Chougrane.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-29 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131588980|Messaad Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:66 Messaad Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235723|Mila Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Une mangnific land scap a Wlad L kayam Mila - Algeria.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-43 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q221445|Mostaganem Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Algerie mostaganem caid maison.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-27 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235810|Médéa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Autoroute Chiffa Berrouaghia الطريق السريع شفة البرواقية (48216292872).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-26 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233675|Naama Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:N47, Tiout, Algérie - panoramio (15).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-45 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q231331|Oran Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Oran paysages.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-31 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235709|Ouargla Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Benaceur.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-30 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77105251|Ouled Djellal Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Col de Chaïba.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-51 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235705|Oum El Bouaghi Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Les hautes plaines sous la neige1.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-04 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q236758|Relizane Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Algérie 2006 049.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-48 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233640|Saïda Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Saida سعيدة - panoramio (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-20 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235714|Sidi Bel Abbès Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi Belabes 1 سيدي بلعباس - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-22 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q234227|Skikda Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Skikda3.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-21 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q236772|Souk Ahras Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:منظر عام لمدينة سوق أهراس.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-41 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q237164|Sétif Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Vue aérienne de Sétif (Algérie).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-19 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q229467|Tamanrasset Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Tahalra.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-11 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233258|Tiaret Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Retenue collinaire tawghazout frenda tiaret.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-14 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21606903|Timimoun Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Rouge timimoun.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-49 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q231151|Tindouf Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Meteorite Tindouf NWA 869.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-37 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235814|Tipasa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ville de Tipaza.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-42 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235805|Tissemsilt Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ouarsenis 2012, Wilaya de Tissemsilt (Algérie).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-38 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233645|Tizi Ouzou Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Beni Yenni.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-15 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233632|Tlemcen Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-13 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77103880|Touggourt Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-55 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q267224|Tébessa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Tébessa Province.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-12 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17601|Ghardaïa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ksar Beni Isguen 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-47 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
640vwh61zm2wlt3a9licx7nbx5ig1nr
Oníṣe:GerardM/Communes of Madagascar
2
67163
622431
622290
2026-06-16T06:52:08Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622431
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q3192808 }
|section=
|sort=P131
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2039276|Bemolanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
| {{Coord|-17.788611|45.120833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830423|Alakamisikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
| {{Coord|-19.13|47.11|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844117|Ampasambazimba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
| {{Coord|-16.3179|47.833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7687864|Tatao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13108329|Mamoriarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65308152|Marotolana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109827204|Antaramena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
| {{Coord|-22.641|46.893|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125698314|Ilakaka Be]]''
|
|
|
| {{Coord|-22.766|45.346|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105635|Ambatoharanana, Anosibe An'ala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1352996|Alaotra-Mangoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6426|48.105|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16465943|Anosibe An'ala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1352996|Alaotra-Mangoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4311|48.2072|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.4316|48.2071|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q338916|Ambohimandroso, Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.883|46.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842075|Ambinanindovoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.9167|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842080|Ambinaniroa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.65|47.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842218|Ambohimahamasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.935|47.185|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Village d'Iharondahy, à l'ouest d'Ambohimahamasina.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846209|Andrainjato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.933|46.983|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850249|Anjoma]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.217|46.917|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850278|Ankaramena, Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.949|46.6375|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2899874|Besoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.909|46.775|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068386|Fenoarivo, Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7|46.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147364|Iarintsena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.827|46.88|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3197305|Kirano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.833|47.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277663|Mahazony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.9833|47.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285219|Manamisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.767|46.967|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vin Soavita Château Verger.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307905|Miarinarivo, Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-22.083|47.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3478535|Sendrisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-22.004|46.952|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562134|Vohitsaoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0335|46.7167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vohitsaoka transfer.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q268221|Maherivaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.5|48.667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456642|Ambanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.678611|48.452222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Antsiranana Ambanja.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1184635|Ankingameloko]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.817|48.283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841500|Ambalahonko]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.583|48.417|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842173|Ambodimanga, Ambanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.783|48.617|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842243|Ambohimarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.933|48.467|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850297|Ankatafa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.617|48.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852325|Anorotsangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.916667|47.916667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS059-E-75391 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852537|Antafiambotry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.376363|48.48167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857576|Antranokarany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.717|48.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857615|Antsakoamanondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.617|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857629|Antsatsaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7|48.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857642|Antsirabe, Ambanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.867|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895230|Bemanevika Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.83879|48.500194|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895233|Bemaneviky Ouest]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.644865|48.034647|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3032797|Djangoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.783333|48.316667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294629|Marotolana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.017|48.617|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294668|Marovato, Ambanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.9|48.733|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107176152|Bemanevika Haut Sambirano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.65|48.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111938655|Ambohitrandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1|48.6481|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111938724|Maevatanana, Diana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.883333|48.533333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar, Placer d'Ambodimanga, vagonnet d'Inpection Timbree (edition de la Maison P. Ghigiasso, librairie, articles de menage, Tamatave).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111941042|Ambohimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.61645|48.41136|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111941703|Benavony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7|48.4833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vue sur la forêt de Benavony( Ambanja), Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138566691|Ambaliha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.52552|48.57176|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138566809|Antsahabe Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7621|47.9567|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q665074|Manerinerina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2833|47.2833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hotely-Manerinerina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q735661|Ankirihitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7667|46.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2364415|Andranofasika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.3833|46.9|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andranofasika market, January 2010, Madagascar (4466561827).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841909|Ambato Ambarimay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7833|46.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842315|Ambondromamy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4333|47.15|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Famous bridge along A-road 4.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846227|Andranomamy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.6|47.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850241|Anjiajia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4833|46.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850329|Ankijabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.3667|46.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276106|Madirovalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4333|46.5333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Betsiboka River Delta, Madagascar (33837289844).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3485370|Sitampiky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.6667|46.1|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-16.66667|46.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541459|Tsaramandroso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.3667|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56306552|Ambesisika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5205|46.8544|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Objectif 2030 - Adduction d'eau potable à Ambesisika.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841963|Ambatomifanongoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.27|46.91|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842316|Ambondromisotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.333|46.917|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842328|Amborompotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.61|46.2495|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068387|Fenoarivo, Ambatofinandrahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.867|46.88|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155987|Itremo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.592|46.635|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285602|Mandrosonoro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5895|46|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Pezzottaite-49527.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285719|Mangataboahangy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2665|46.189|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Quartz epitaxis Mangataboahangy MNHN Minéralogie 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25247403|Soavina, Ambatofinandrahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.383333|46.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q427722|Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.383333|47.416667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambatolampy madagascar.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q814469|Behenjy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2|47.4833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Behenjy Eau Vive building.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1088635|Tsinjoarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|47.6833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tsinjoarivo Rova 01.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841971|Ambatondrakalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4333|47.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842162|Ambodifarihy Fenomanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.45|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842270|Ambohipihaonana, Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4333|47.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846245|Andranovelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.39|47.38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846255|Andravola Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4|47.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846856|Andriambilany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3167|47.4667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andriambilany.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852554|Antakasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5333|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852574|Antanamalaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4|47.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852598|Antanimasaka, Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857622|Antsampandrano, Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5333|47.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894209|Belambo, Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4|47.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285993|Manjakatompo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3333|47.4333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lac Manjakatompo.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323746|Morarano, Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4333|47.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3460690|Sabotsy Namatoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|47.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541544|Tsiafajavona Ankaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3833|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451883|Andriantsivalana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.33641|47.50196|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841936|Ambatomainty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-17.683333|45.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895239|Bemarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7971|44.6979|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Au Coeur de la riziculture de Bemarivo district de Besalampy. 07.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294633|Marotsialeha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7833|45.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473667|Sarodrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-17.874|45.862|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Baobabs at Sarodrano.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107176112|Sarodrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-18|44.816667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Baobabs at Sarodrano.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535803|Makaraingo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-17.9147|45.7635|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q218773|Ilafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352996|Alaotra-Mangoro]]''
| {{Coord|-17.878921|48.406255|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Les maisons du père Pédro, Ilafy, Madagascar (25454384123).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456731|Ambatondrazaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.833333|48.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2077816|Antanandava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4533|48.6704|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2404698|Ambatosoratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6167|48.5167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Chrysobéryl 3.jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841548|Ambandrika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352996|Alaotra-Mangoro]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7667|48.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842297|Ambohitsilaozana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6833|48.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Allés des Cedrela odorata à Ambohitsilaozana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844111|Amparihitsokatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5167|48.5667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-17.516667|48.566667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844446|Ampitatsimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7833|48.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846151|Andilanatoby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.9333|48.2333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar RN44.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846934|Andromba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.405|48.6376|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857626|Antsangasanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8333|48.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2882832|Ambatondrazaka Suburbaine]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.9|48.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894071|Bejofo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8333|48.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3027268|Didy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1167|48.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068480|Feramanga Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7667|48.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148998|Imerimandroso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4333|48.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Point de vu Lac Alaotra.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285187|Manakambahiny Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.85|48.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285188|Manakambahiny Ouest]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8|48.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487279|Soalazaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.0167|48.0667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514950|Tanambao Besakay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.15|48.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136648271|Ambohidava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.55133|48.52766|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136648276|Ambohiboromanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8693|48.38139|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136651340|Amparihintsokatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.52903|48.57337|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456634|Ambarakaraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.5|48.866667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q750960|Betsihaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.15|49.233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841492|Ambakirano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.433|49.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841527|Ambalan'anjavy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.33737|49.021703|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842159|Ambodibonara, Ambilobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.2|48.833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844466|Ampondralava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.167|48.933|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845030|Anaborano Ifasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.683|48.833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Pont Ifasy Ambilobe 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850239|Anjiabe Ambony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.233|48.867|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857627|Antsaravibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.05|49.017|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857656|Antsohimbondrona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.083|48.85|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar map.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896864|Beramanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.333|48.867|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285204|Manambato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.876111|49.158056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3286602|Mantaly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.167|48.967|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514953|Tanambao Marivorahona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.083|49.083|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manajeba riviere - Marivorahona.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109918210|Antanambe, Diana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109918211|Sirama Ankaragna]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.08333|48.91667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138589453|Antanabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.2647|49.1096|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q458067|Amboasary Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.04|46.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893874|Behara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.95|46.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3046793|Ebelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4833|46.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3051647|Elonty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.0333|46.2167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mairie de la Commune d'Elonty.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3058049|Esira]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3333|46.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148106|Ifotaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.8|46.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277539|Mahaly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1667|46.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285656|Manevy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3833|46.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294597|Maromby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.35|46.5667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Thorianite-729924.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294638|Marotsiraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2833|45.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470930|Sampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.15|46.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514966|Tanandava Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1333|46.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3537303|Tranomaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6|46.4667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Grandidierite.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541601|Tsivory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.0683|46.0756|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:FLM Tsivory 003.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137608322|Berano Ville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.12213|46.41895|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137608488|Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.60042|46.25944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137608596|Ranobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4907|46.2077|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137608625|Tomboarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2056|45.8968|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841926|Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.845|47.487|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842212|Ambohidratrimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.47|47.28|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156271|Ivato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.47|47.28|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ivato Tananarive.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105640|Ambohimanjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.70849|47.43768|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105641|Ambohitrimanjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8508|47.4468|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La ruelle vers Ambohitrimanjaka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105642|Ambohipihaonana, Ambohidratrimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.69471|47.57714|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105645|Ampangabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.11639|47.51694|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:The sunset in Ampangabe.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105737|Avaratsena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6368|47.6031|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13106606|Iarinarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.82905|47.40335|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13108332|Mananjara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75063|47.31777|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19948195|Antanetibe, Ambohidratrimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6666|47.3929|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20570978|Ampanotokana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7188|47.3085|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20571020|Anjanadoria]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6079|47.3854|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538627|Mahitsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7484|47.3473|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mahitsy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538630|Manjakavaradrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.69568|47.48755|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538633|Ambato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538636|Anosiala, Ambohidratrimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.78493|47.41785|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538639|Antehiroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.83282|47.49229|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538640|Antsahafilo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6636|47.5449|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538641|Fiadanana, Ambohidratrimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.89808|47.40902|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538642|Fitsinjovana Bakaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4067|47.7315|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538643|Ivato Aeroport]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538644|Ivato Firaisana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538645|Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6524|47.3322|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538646|Mahereza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.89321|47.35588|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538647|Mandrosoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1614|47.6659|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538649|Merimandroso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75421|47.50832|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nature, Merimandroso Madagascar (34889).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538650|Sabotsy Ambohitromby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2288|47.5986|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538652|Talatamaty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.829167|47.456667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antanifotsy Imerinafovoany.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65309138|Ambato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.559|47.4026|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q426728|Ambalakindresy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1635|47.3237|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q671278|Befeta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.232|47.048|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2390508|Camp Robin]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.917|47.133|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2778665|Ambohimahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1065|47.216|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohimahasoa Madagascar.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841979|Ambatosoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21|47.283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842263|Ambohinamboarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.033|47.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844443|Ampitana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.133|47.217|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850270|Ankafina-Tsarafidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2|47.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850315|Ankerana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.033|47.117|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071094|Fiadanana, Ambohimahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.867|47.183|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3192089|Kalalao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.183|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285232|Manandroy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1355|47.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323682|Morafeno, Ambohimahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2|47.283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461528|Sahatona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.963|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461531|Sahave]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.067|47.117|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562122|Vohiposa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.992|47.1599|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:RN 7 between Ambohimahasoa and Antsirabe 6.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q458440|Ambositra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.516667|47.25|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambositra.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830425|Alakamisy Ambohijato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.573889|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841520|Ambalamanakana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.74|47.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841915|Ambatofitorahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8167|47.1833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Celidota splendens (from projects.biodiversity.be) ID-2117.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842077|Ambinanindrano, Ambositra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6833|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842258|Ambohimitombo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7167|47.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850299|Ankazoambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.583|47.267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2853428|Antoetra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.775|47.316|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Front view of Antoetra.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3064467|Fahizay Ambatolahimasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148357|Ihadilanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.467|47.033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148608|Ilaka Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3333|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149000|Imerina Imady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.528|47.328|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156270|Ivato, Ambositra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.625|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156344|Ivony Miaramiasa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3196306|Kianjandrakefina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.633|47.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277649|Mahazina Ambohipierenana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.35|47.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294625|Marosoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.533|47.383|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461529|Sahatsiho Ambohimanjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2|47.033|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mandanonite-586438.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541467|Tsarasaotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.433|47.233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15730050|Andina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5235|47.155|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640056|Ambositra II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.52117|47.24653|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111942660|Vohidahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.55902|47.55221|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136759936|Ambohimitombo II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.618337|47.444788|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136759988|Ambohiperivoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.34141|47.2001|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136760048|Ankazotsararavina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.545737|47.341308|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841550|Ambanisarike]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.95|45.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841996|Ambazoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.3|45.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842224|Ambohimalaza, Ambovombe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.25|45.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842312|Ambondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.215|45.82|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842314|Ambonaivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.2167|45.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850233|Anjeky Ankilikira]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1167|46.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3055948|Erada]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.2833|45.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294552|Maroalomainty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1667|46.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294553|Maroalopoty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.115|46.192|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483753|Sihanamaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1833|45.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362077|Emanombo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137420131|Tsimananada]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.22007|46.02448|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137420006|Analamary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q55002883|Ambovombe-Androy]]''
| {{Coord|-25.20541|45.94379|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456709|Ambatofinandrahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q474134|Amoron'i Mania]]''
| {{Coord|-20.552|46.803|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q646615|Gogogogo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2667|44.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q654603|Maniry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.5|44.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1979254|Itampolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6833|43.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Itampolo.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842337|Amboropotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6667|44.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844105|Ampanihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.696|44.746|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-24.6937|44.74581|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar affected by the worst drought in 40 years (Copernicus).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846932|Androka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1167|44.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Outrigger canoes on shore edge of Nosy Ve-Androka National Park.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850330|Ankiliabo, Ampanihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6833|44.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850339|Ankilimivory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4667|44.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850345|Ankilizato, Ampanihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4833|44.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852570|Antaly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3833|44.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892810|Beahitse]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1667|44.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894196|Belafike]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2833|44.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2899107|Beroy Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-23.9833|44.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3049550|Ejeda]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.35|44.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3079738|Fotadrevo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.05|45.0167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS057-E-58929 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562124|Vohitany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1333|44.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109561779|Beara, Ampanihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.39356|44.53455|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137756482|Agnavoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-23.99715|44.91829|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137756540|Androimpano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.87871|44.05002|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q474396|Amparafaravola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352996|Alaotra-Mangoro]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5876|48.22391|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Amparafaravola.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q942006|Morarano Chrome]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.75|48.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759925|Ambohitrarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4667|48.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841934|Ambatomainty, Amparafaravola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6833|48.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842143|Amboavory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842215|Ambohijanahary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4|48.3667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lac Mamamba.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846488|Andrebakely Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.687219|48.193464|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892826|Beanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3667|48.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893578|Bedidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4667|48.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3419018|Ranomainty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8667|48.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514956|Tanambe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3667|48.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562113|Vohimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.35114|48.60516|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562138|Vohitsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65309222|Ambohimandroso, Ambatondrazaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.633333|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107104527|Anororo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.516667|48.433333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107104541|Andrebakely Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.383333|48.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107104543|Andrebakely Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3856|48.63069|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185624|Ampasikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.65572|48.19067|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107366196|Andilana Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.35|48.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451818|Ambodimanga, Amparafaravola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136676774|Ambodiramo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.78992|48.17569|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136676907|Andranobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.445|48.38009|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q283495|Maromandia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2167|48.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q484581|Analalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6292|47.7636|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-14.63333|47.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Perimorphose geode.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q972441|Antonibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1167|47.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2379816|Befotaka, Analalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5333|48.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841545|Ambaliha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.4667|48.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841561|Ambarijeby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9333|47.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846857|Andriambavontsona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4|47.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850281|Ankaramy Be]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.9833|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277493|Mahadrodroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3|47.2667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS048-E-335 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294674|Marovantaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3833|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294680|Marovatolena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1833|47.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362022|Ambarijeby Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9534|47.6463|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139041630|Ambolobozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.412569|47.80596|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Freiberg, Terra mineralia, Augenjaspis.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139282435|Andrevorevo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.38116|47.71106|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139283632|Angoaka Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3696|47.4033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139286822|Bejofo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2298|48.2842|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002216|Beronono]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q484625|Analamanga]]''
| {{Coord|-18.187778|47.516944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31361854|Ampanefy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q484625|Analamanga]]''
| {{Coord|-18.975|47.494444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137304003|Sainte Marie]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q178449|Analanjirofo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.9044|49.8999|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambodifotatra.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q429116|Belaoka Marovato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.36|49.36|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q541472|Andrakata]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.37|49.43|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q636263|Anjialava Be]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2082|49.4635|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2526503|Andapa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.65|49.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andapa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841519|Ambalamanasy II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.31|49.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842153|Ambodiangezoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.36|49.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842174|Ambodimanga, Andapa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.46|49.33|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846234|Andranomena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.36|49.33|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Coucher de soleil à Andranomena. Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850325|Ankiaka Be Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.669206|49.605615|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852407|Anoviara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.44|49.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857603|Antsahamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.55|49.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892811|Bealampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.41|49.31|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:CSB II de Bealampona, Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900141|Betsakotsako Andranotsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.38|49.38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3033259|Doany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.22|49.31|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Marché de Doany.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294669|Marovato, Andapa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.36|49.38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3299331|Matsohely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.37|49.34|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514961|Tanandava, Andapa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.38|49.34|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q284280|Marovato, Andilamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4667|48.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q926947|Maroadabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.6333|48.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099525|Andilamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.0167|48.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andilamena central town.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852605|Antanimenabaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.9333|48.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895232|Bemaitso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.066694|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3278414|Maintsokely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4|48.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307906|Miarinarivo, Andilamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.6167|48.25|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Miarinarivo (Andilamena District).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514959|Tanananifololahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7667|48.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136687503|Ampondrabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.547|48.082|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136687528|Maitsokely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4058|48.0597|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830706|Alatsinainy Bakaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3232|47.6793|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sarivazo Alatsinainy Bakaro.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846214|Andramasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-18.47|47.28|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Antananarivo Andramasina.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15304862|Tankafatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2969|47.7997|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15304863|Alarobia Vatosola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-18.874|47.515|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16526142|Abohimiadana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2458|47.7722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16528440|Andohariana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-20.228|47.514|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538637|Anosibe Trimoloharano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1653|47.771|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538651|Sabotsy Manjakavahoaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q484625|Analamanga]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1659|47.7514|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109536137|Anjoma Faliarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3288|47.7471|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109537766|Morarano Soafiraisana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3474|47.8146|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137561725|Anjampaly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q218981|Androy]]''
| {{Coord|-25.49001|45.638193|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850269|Anjozorobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4|47.86667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gare routière d'Anjozorobe.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538648|Marotsipoy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-17.9284|47.6662|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002190|Amboasary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1188|47.7682|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002193|Ambohibary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.217|47.625|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002204|Ambongamarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.3187|47.9402|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002206|Analaroa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.408333|47.708333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002213|Antanetibe (Anjozorobe)]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.3946|47.5547|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002217|Betatao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2046|47.8839|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002227|Mangamila]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.56667|47.86667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535584|Ambohimanarina Marovazaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2274|47.8225|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535588|Andranomisa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-17.984|47.8111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109536134|Androvakely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.3975|47.5138|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109536394|Tsarasaotra, Anjozorobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.55986|47.94022|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109537338|Ambohimirary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.334|47.7246|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109637875|Belanitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.38466|47.61595|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136817540|Amparatanjona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.0793|47.8379|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q970059|Tandrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0833|44.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846224|Andranomafana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0333|44.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850301|Ankazoabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.294|44.51|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-22.28333|44.51667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2897010|Berenty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1667|45.0667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137770470|Ambatolahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4491|44.2131|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137770574|Ankeriky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.97369|44.69496|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137770763|Ankilivalokely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1963|44.9039|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137770801|Fotivolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4707|44.7089|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137770816|Ilemby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4237|45.1057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850305|Ankazobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.31|47.11|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-18.31667|47.11667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ankazobe, Madagascar - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Antananarivo Ankazobe.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857568|Antotohazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.46|47.08|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002203|Ambolotarakely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.26928|47.40098|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002222|Fihaonana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6049|47.2072|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:121002 mad maki (33).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002225|Kiangara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-17.966667|47.033333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Eglise FJKM Mandrarahody, Madagascar (27988).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002226|Mahavelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.5128|47.2556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002228|Miantso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.716889|47.132308|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Miantso - Ankazobe.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002231|Talata-Angavo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2059|47.0998|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002234|Tsaramasoandro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-17.983333|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107366174|Fiadanana, Ankazobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.216|46.881|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535590|Andranomiely Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8363|47.2337|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535592|Ambohitromby, Ankazobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4337|47.1722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109537345|Marondry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4386|47.0029|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4740981|Ambalaomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.733333|47.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105646|Ampandoantraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.733333|47.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105649|Ampasimaneva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.683333|48.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13108276|Longozabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.75147|48.20824|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13108665|Niarovana Marosampanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5274|48.0405|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13109235|Tratramarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5145|48.3604|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19948194|Antandrokomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.89972|48.59987|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451562|Ambodimerana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5533|48.2506|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136692520|Ampandroantraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3928|48.3083|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846865|Andriandampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q16045730|Anosy]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7667|45.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q570816|Antalaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.904167|50.283333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antalahas beach (4932556154).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q674279|Lanjarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6|50.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q687287|Vinanivao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.883333|50.266667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ratranavona.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841497|Ambalabe, Antalaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1667|50.4167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ravenala madagascariens Madagascar (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842067|Ambinanifaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6167|50.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842282|Ambohitralanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.2333|50.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844078|Ampahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.75|50.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844465|Ampohibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0333|50.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852585|Antananambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1667|50.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2856985|Antombana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15|50.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857605|Antsahanoro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.8333|50.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857621|Antsambalahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.7167|49.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294574|Marofinaritra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0333|50.1167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:AMPOKOAFO - MADAGASCAR.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473447|Sarahandrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6|49.97|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852577|Antanambao Manampotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.485|48.573889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.485|48.5739|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640062|Antanandehibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.683333|48.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640067|Manakana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.768358|48.354|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640071|Saivaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.666667|48.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109701044|Manaratsandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.406788|48.333357|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842219|Ambohimalaza Miray]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.892292|47.639666|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842235|Ambohimangakely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.900602|47.599692|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:RN 65 Amoronakona.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850267|Ankadikely Ilafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q484625|Analamanga]]''
| {{Coord|-18.848142|47.552537|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ankadikely Ilafy 2.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3297263|Masindray]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.97148|47.62882|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10908615|Alasora]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0251|47.7857|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Alasora sacred hill Madagascar.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105638|Ambohidrabiby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.77|47.61|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Le village d'Ambatomahamanina vu d'Ambohidrabiby.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15925513|Sabotsy Namehana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.833333|47.55|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Main road Sabotsy Namehana.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002196|Ambohimanambola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.94713|47.59922|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Artisan dans l'atelier de ferronnerie, Ankazobe Ambohimanambola, Antananarivo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002209|Anjeva Gara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.933333|47.666667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Anjeva.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002220|Fieferana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8301|47.64504|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31361906|Ambohimanga Rova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7664|47.56102|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107366241|Talata Volonondry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7409|47.6184|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Village de Talata ny Volonondry.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535626|Anosy Avaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.81876|47.56261|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hopitaly Anosy Avaratra.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535633|Viliahazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.81005|47.667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109667654|Manandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.80898|47.5914|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20973448|Belanitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q489821|Antananarivo Province]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.183293|46.66534|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002186|Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q489821|Antananarivo Province]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.09627|47.52996|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002211|Ankaraobato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q489821|Antananarivo Province]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|47.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487313|Soavina, Analamanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.95931|47.50328|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16303464|Ambohijanaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9998|47.5639|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20570986|Andoharanofotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.97903|47.53329|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002188|Ambatofahavalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.116667|47.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002195|Ambohidrapeto]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|47.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002205|Ampitatafika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.937|47.47838|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002207|Andranonahoatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|46.875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002208|Androhibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.99712|47.46609|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Temple FJKM Antsahadinta vaovao sis sur la colline royale d'Antsahadinta.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002214|Antanetikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.06314|47.48535|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002215|Bemasoandro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.916667|47.483333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bemasoandro.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002219|Fenoarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.933|47.43543|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohijatovo, Antananarivo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002223|Itaosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.916667|47.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002230|Soalandy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9997|47.4984|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002233|Tanjombato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.95|47.516667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002236|Tsiafahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.068784|47.550897|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Parc Gasikara, Le Carat Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107404615|Ambavahaditokana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.92378|47.46175|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107404639|Alakamisy Fenoarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.94029|47.42497|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107404653|Fiombonana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.89531|47.476418|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107404662|Bongatsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.032443|47.543905|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107404670|Ampahitrosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0272|47.49215|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109536390|Ankadimanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.892654|47.458706|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ankadimanga.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109536392|Anosizato Andrefana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.93913|47.49712|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65309340|Ankadinandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030871|Antananarivo-Renivohitra District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.928453|47.533677|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841922|Ambatolahy, Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7333|47.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841957|Ambatomiady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6833|47.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841982|Ambatotsipihina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842187|Ambodiriana, Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5833|47.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842234|Ambohimandroso, Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5167|47.4167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fasana Ramarovahoaka Miadanimerina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842279|Ambohitompoina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.75|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844444|Ampitatafika, Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5667|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846221|Andranofito]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7833|47.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857600|Antsahalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5833|47.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857624|Antsampandrano, Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9167|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451876|Soamanandrariny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65172|47.25151|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451880|Anjamanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7564|47.4851|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136764014|Belanitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.85|47.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q589017|Marovato Befeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1333|45.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844081|Ampamata]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.55|45.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846065|Andalatanosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6667|45.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852609|Antanimora Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.8167|45.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148955|Imanombo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4333|45.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3160443|Jafaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9167|45.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137420082|Andoharano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.61143|45.71099|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137420096|Andragnanivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-25.0346|45.5905|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1089614|Antsalova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.666667|44.616667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-18.4|44.37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894115|Bekopaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1|44.51|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manambolorivier 01.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3297300|Masoarivo, Antsalova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.033333|44.333333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS008-E-18563 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487274|Soahany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4|44.13|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3537299|Trangahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.12871|44.55789|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS019-E-21652 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535805|Bemaraha Atsinanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.72495|44.9279|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456630|Ambano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8|47.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q965181|Tsarahonenana Sahanivotry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9833|47.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830424|Alakamisy, Antsirabe II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2|47.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841956|Ambatomena, Antsirabe II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.85|47.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842197|Ambohibary, Antsirabe II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6167|47.15|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohibary - Ampanotokana (RN4).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842203|Ambohidranandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8833|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842247|Ambohimiarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.85|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842298|Ambohitsimanova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.95|47.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846229|Andranomanelatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7833|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852576|Antanambao, Antsirabe II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6667|47.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852599|Antanimandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.841917|46.957194|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857652|Antsoatany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894253|Belazao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8833|46.9667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Belazao 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147429|Ibity]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.1167|47.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285230|Manandoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.05|47.0667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285600|Mandrosohasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5833|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285721|Mangatano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.95|46.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461500|Sahanivotry Manandona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.1167|47.0833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Almandine-Spessartine-Series-157175.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487301|Soanindrariny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9|47.2333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Soanindrariny vu du Sud.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3559399|Vinaninkarena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.95|47.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fig.58-région des Tapias (Chryosopia macrophylla) à Madagascar, entre Vinaninkarena et Itaka - p. 215.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q427796|Ankarangona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.65|49.433|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-12.661197|49.436808|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q544604|Joffreville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.49275|49.206972|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Joffreville-Mairie.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q593340|Antsahampano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.317|49.183|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q963984|Mangaoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.3|49.117|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842319|Ambondrona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-21.267191|46.993801|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846201|Andrafiabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-12.517|49.4|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andrafiabe, Diana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846219|Andranofanjava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.467|49.033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846243|Andranovondronina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.05|49.233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850203|Anivorano Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.733|49.233|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Anivorano-Nord, Diana, RN6.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850321|Anketrakabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.55|49.333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857618|Antsalaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.633|49.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2907913|Bobasakoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.8|48.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277535|Mahalina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.533333|48.816667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277631|Mahavanona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.45|49.367|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La commune rurale Mahavanona.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3324831|Mosorolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.733|48.967|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3418455|Ramena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-12.733|48.967|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La plage de Ramena à 20km d'Antsiranana 02.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461150|Sadjoavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.617|49.35|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-12.61667|49.35|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sadjoavato-RN6.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16829073|Antsakoabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.6694|49.46|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antsakoabe, RN6.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362099|Joffre-ville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59629059|Bobakilandy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|12.18|49.07|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59630728|Sakaramy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.4475|49.251111|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Diego Suarez - Voiture Postale - Station de Sakaramy (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111942116|Antanamitarana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.233333|49.183333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bureau commune Antanamitarana-Antsiranana II Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138603898|Antsoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.6892|49.3152|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138604208|Nosy-Be]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-13.3495|48.2595|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q609567|Antsohihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.883333|47.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842063|Ambimadiro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6|48.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842169|Ambodimanary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.2167|48.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842170|Ambodimandresy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.7833|48.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844090|Ampandriakalindy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9667|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845125|Anahidrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0833|47.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846490|Andreba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5833|48.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850224|Anjalazala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0167|48.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850247|Anjiamangirana I]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1667|47.7833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Anjiamangirana I 02.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850316|Ankerika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9167|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857601|Antsahabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.8|48.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294551|Maroala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3833|47.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139297427|Ambalafaminty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.33795|47.80516|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q975820|Amboanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1357|47.1717|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Amboanana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1820954|Arivonimamo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.016667|47.183333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Paysage d'arivonimamo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2837356|Alkamisikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.13|47.11|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Alakamisikely tanana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841951|Ambatomanga, Arivonimamo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.44|47.27|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Panoramique+Ambatomanga (25465165243).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841966|Ambatomirahavavy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9333|47.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842238|Ambohimandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0944|47.3723|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842244|Ambohimasina, Arivonimamo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8|47.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842268|Ambohipandrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.15|47.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842290|Ambohitrambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9167|47.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844076|Ampahimanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1047|47.199|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ampahimanga - Arivonimamo - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846239|Andranomiely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3333|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852572|Antambolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8333|47.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852671|Antenimbe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2861445|Arivonimamo II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9667|47.1833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tapia Uapaca bojeri Itremo 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149001|Imerintsitosika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9833|47.3167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sur la route d'Imerintsiatosika.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277622|Mahatsinjo Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2833|47.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285199|Manalalondo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.25|47.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307896|Miantsoarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2|47.4|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Miantsoarivo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323681|Morafeno, Arivonimamo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0833|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323747|Morarano, Arivonimamo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|47.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451849|Talata Tsimadilo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.766667|47.133333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138718488|Miandrandra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.222|47.3209|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q824043|Toliara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757781|Atsimo-Andrefana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.35|43.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97255171|Sakamasay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757781|Atsimo-Andrefana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.87395|44.64946|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130719853|Betsinjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757781|Atsimo-Andrefana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.364007|43.708675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15181058|Andranolalina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757782|Atsimo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.513889|46.981944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15228992|Ivondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757782|Atsimo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.916667|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15278317|Soakibany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757782|Atsimo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.916667|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17107874|Zara Maliorano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757782|Atsimo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.399|46.9535|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q178067|Toamasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-18.155|49.41|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tamatave - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640063|Fanasana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-18.836111|48.787222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640076|Mahela]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.483333|48.483333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746458|Lohavanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.866667|48.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746529|Sahakevo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2713|47.8503|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841536|Ambalaromba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6667|49.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841976|Ambatoriha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5|48.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841978|Ambatosia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6667|48.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842145|Ambodiadabo, Bealanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.75|48.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842188|Ambodisikidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2333|48.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842323|Ambonomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3667|49.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845170|Analila]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.45|49.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852586|Antananivo Haut]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2833|48.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857619|Antsamaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5833|48.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892817|Bealanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.54329|48.74981|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892824|Beandrarezona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.4833|48.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285755|Mangidrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2833|48.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294637|Marotolana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.65|48.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328499|Ambararata Sofia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.80645|48.81246|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328516|Ambararatabe Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3878|48.8559|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328554|Ambodiampana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.64122|48.67244|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328574|Ambohimisondrotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.80551|49.01995|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328626|Anjozoromadosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.439|49.1446|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328656|Ankazotokana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5624|49.12794|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328784|Antsiradava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.69617|49.19686|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q629531|Matsondana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9667|49.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099542|Befandriana-Avaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.2667|48.5333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Urbaine de Befandriana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841556|Ambararata]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0167|48.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842182|Ambodimotso Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3833|48.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842300|Ambolidibe Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1|48.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850295|Ankarongana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4167|48.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857614|Antsakabary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.05|48.9333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Carte bassin Sofia.svg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857617|Antsakanalabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4167|48.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277529|Mahalaza-Fanimana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3933|48.5853|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294555|Maroamalona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3|48.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323689|Morafeno, Befandriana-Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4833|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541455|Tsarahonenana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4833|48.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541547|Tsiamalao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.05|48.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139376362|Ambodimotso Haut]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1891|48.4109|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139376493|Belalona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.87122|49.35548|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893789|Befotaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.825|46.978889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Celestite crystal crust.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15181316|Antaninarenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.9333|46.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15181910|Antondabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.829|47.093|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15198107|Beharena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.518333|47.066667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15248582|Marovitsika Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.021389|46.968611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15271835|Ranotsara Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.794|46.5955|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56060173|Marovitsika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113002905|Bekofafa Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.830017|46.409884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137857412|Antokoboritelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.9812|46.7513|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137857527|Inosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6753|46.6665|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2399230|Antsakoamaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.25|45.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841484|Ambahita]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24|45.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841980|Ambatosola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.05|45.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850204|Anivorano Mitsinjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4|45.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850215|Anja Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.25|45.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850288|Ankaranabo Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1833|45.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894101|Bekitro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.55|45.3|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-24.5333|45.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894506|Belindo Mahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4833|45.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896856|Beraketa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1833|45.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900064|Beteza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.45|45.1167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-24.45|45.11667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900410|Bevitiky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6|45.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285197|Manakompy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3|45.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294682|Maroviro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.848389|45.351528|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323700|Morafeno Bekily]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.221944|45.313889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514954|Tanambao Tsirandrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2333|45.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514964|Tanandava, Bekily]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3167|45.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541563|Tsikolaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3333|45.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562099|Vohimanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.05|45.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137453487|Besakoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1564|45.256|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Reboisement besakoa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137453883|Mikaikarivo Ambatomainty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.16101|45.15363|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137453980|Tsirandrany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1282|45.358|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q528817|Beroboka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9833|44.6|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS009-E-15742 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2204070|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7|44.55|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Belon'i Tsiribihina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842055|Ambiky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.45|44.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842135|Amboalimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2667|44.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846156|Andimaky Manambolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4167|44.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850273|Ankalalobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|44.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850340|Ankiliroroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8333|45.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850348|Ankirondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|44.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857649|Antsoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9167|44.8667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS009-E-15760 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894512|Belinta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.95|45.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2897033|Berevo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7333|44.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3297302|Masoarivo, Belo sur Tsiribihina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65|44.7333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hima lake.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541460|Tsaraotana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7667|44.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541572|Tsimafana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7167|44.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Kimanaomby.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362047|Belo-Tsiribihina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.701444|44.548355|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138828364|Delta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6474|44.4236|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895057|Beloha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-20.266667|48.483333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-25.1739|45.06|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-25.16667|45.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zebu of Madagascar 001.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294593|Marolinta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1|44.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3537304|Tranoroa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-24.7|45.0667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Paroedura guibeae ZSM 189 2004.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3537306|Tranovaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-25.3|44.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137524717|Ambatotsivala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-24.8064|45.5373|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137524752|Behabobo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-24.894751|45.307354|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137527081|Mahaenegne]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9885|45.1085|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895780|Benenitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.452222|45.078056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Toliara Benenitra.png|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Toliara Benenitra.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3049277|Ehara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4833|44.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147345|Ianapera]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6167|45.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107377290|Ankilimary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.41899|45.00875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137787488|Ambalavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5748|45.3252|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137787516|Benonoky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.821|45.157|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Spectrolite (gem-quality labradorite plagioclase feldspar).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2411046|Beroroha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.678611|45.173056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-21.66667|45.16667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Beroroha sept 09 hoveraid hovercraft.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893905|Behisatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8|45.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3066416|Fanjakana, Beroroha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6833|45.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285599|Mandronarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1167|45.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3290423|Marerano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3667|44.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17621944|Bemavo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.629059|45.36457|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137792054|Sakena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5578|44.8915|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137792101|Tanamary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.39939|45.61079|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137793636|Tanandava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.712956|45.0925|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q729944|Marovoay Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.109|44.679|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099539|Besalampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.75|44.4833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS023-E-29498 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842302|Ambolodia Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.11|44.58|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-17.183333|44.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894111|Bekodoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.58|45.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277474|Mahabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5|45.2|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-17.08333|45.33333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487297|Soanenga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5|44.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111942156|Ankasakasa Tsibiray]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5348|44.8819|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138820284|Ampako]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7299|44.8016|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138820319|Antsirasira]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7937|45.1868|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q167181|Betafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.84|46.855|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Rizières Betafo 3.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830431|Alakamisy Antivato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8833|46.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830667|Alarobia Bemaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2|46.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841973|Ambatonikonilahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7167|46.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842230|Ambohimanambola, Betafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8|46.6167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Liddicoatite-68003.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842245|Ambohimasina, Betafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65|46.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846525|Andrembesoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.15|46.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Les paysans enclavés 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857659|Antsotso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8167|46.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149782|Inanantona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65|46.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277504|Mahaiza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9|46.8167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Columbite-(Fe)-27449.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285589|Mandritsara, Betafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.55|47.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487316|Soavina, Betafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8|46.7333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:En kortfattet Oversigt over Madagascar, dets Folk og Mission - no-nb digibok 2012020608017-119.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3539708|Tritriva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9167|46.9333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lac Tritriva.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360576|Antohobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.766667|46.183333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360583|Manohisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.783333|46.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360596|Alakamisy Marososona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.716667|46.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360602|Anosiarivo Manapa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.916667|47.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139770446|Andranomafana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.830387|46.825884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q511200|Tongobory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5167|44.3333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS012-E-11224 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q745117|Masiaboay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.9|44.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q831450|Betioky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.603889|44.765556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lake Tsimanampetsotsa, south-western Madagascar (4315971898).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846231|Andranomangatsiaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.3167|44.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2853431|Antohabato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55|44.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892834|Beantake]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8|44.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893393|Beavoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5833|44.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894212|Belamoty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55|44.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900514|Bezaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5|44.5|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Messingen oorbel in de vorm van een ster TMnr 2739-36a.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068389|Fenoandala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5333|44.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3220040|Lazarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.9|44.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285203|Manalobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4333|44.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3322780|Montifeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4833|44.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470034|Salobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5333|44.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487285|Soamanonga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8667|44.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487309|Soaserana, Betioky Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8833|44.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514782|Tameantsoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5333|44.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514949|Tanambao Ambony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55346|44.76558|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3555035|Vatolatsaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.3|44.3|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:JNB-MRU 22.08.2009 13-20-05.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362041|Motofeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948815|Ankazombalala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6848|44.5791|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113002899|Maroarivo Ankazomanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.921109|43.767384|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113158814|Ambatry Mitsinjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.85248|44.40914|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137802496|Ankazomanga Ouest]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6779|44.2619|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803167|Ankilivalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.300358|44.444032|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803196|Antsavoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.231538|44.520461|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803256|Beora]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.878449|44.635959|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803302|Besely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.70862|44.413475|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803348|Marosavoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.87501|44.86885|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803373|Savazy II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.57904|44.79627|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803607|Vohimary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.77184|44.97777|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Aulacotoma tenuelimbata (from projects.biodiversity.be) ID-1248.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q508148|Ambalasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1167|46|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q736306|Ivahona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.45|46.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q748440|Isoanala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8333|45.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841968|Ambatomivary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8333|45.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845147|Analamary, Betroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2167|45.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892837|Beapombo II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6167|45.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892838|Beapombo I]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.0667|45.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894123|Bekorobo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8|45.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895663|Benato-Toby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.0833|45.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900147|Betroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.268333|46.104444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147186|Iaborotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2167|45.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147343|Ianabinda]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5|45.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147344|Ianakafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.35|45.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3161949|Jangany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-22.85|45.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277477|Mahabo, Betroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.65|46.133333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277597|Mahasoa Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1|44.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3335102|Nagnarena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.562984|45.769368|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3335663|Naninora]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2167|46.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541458|Tsaraitso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.25|46.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362085|Ianabinoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137641329|Kelivaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9167|46.1484|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137641420|Sakamahily]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7961|45.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1328830|Maevatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q832223|Betsiboka]]''
| {{Coord|-16.95|46.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q218753|Mahajanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q740164|Boeny]]''
| {{Coord|-15.716667|46.316667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mahajanga Corniche.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:MG-Mahajanga.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741163|Ambatoboeny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q740164|Boeny]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4544|46.7161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136440375|Ambatoboeny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q740164|Boeny]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q617235|Ambodisakoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4167|47.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841551|Ambanjabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6333|47.7|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Education environnementale Ambanjabe.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842168|Ambodimahabibo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7333|48.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842195|Ambodivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.65|48.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844109|Amparihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6667|47.1167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-15.666667|47.116667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846236|Andranomeva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8|47.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2911075|Boriziny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.55|47.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3228656|Leanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.55|47.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276431|Maevaranohely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.85|47.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294677|Marovato, Boriziny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541453|Tsarahasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7667|47.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Canoe pour le reliement Tsarahasina RN6.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541469|Tsaratanana, Boriziny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.65|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541588|Tsiningia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4833|47.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541589|Tsinjomitondraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6667|47.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24004292|Boriziny II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.567399|47.620853|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139568015|Ambatomilahatrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8497|47.748|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139568067|Andranomena I]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.59|47.554|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139568087|Ihobaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8134|48.1675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q218928|Antsiranana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-12.322444|49.295|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antsiranana Diego Suarez typical Arab-influenced architecture Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q457534|Ambilobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.2|49.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambilobe, Diana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124537759|Ambolobozobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.5167|49.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q728671|Tsarazaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.1333|47.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1395492|Fandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2333|47.375|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-20.23333|47.38333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830428|Alakamisy Ambohimahazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.4|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850294|Ankarinoro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.317|47.483|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900153|Betsimisotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.25|47.617|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071095|Fiadanana, Fandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3333|47.41|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149015|Imito]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.4167|47.311|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277651|Mahazoarivo, Fandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3833|47.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307911|Miarinavaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2167|47.5|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Miarinavaratra Main Street.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3313852|Milamaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.267|47.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461493|Sahamadio, Fandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3|47.403|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3471961|Sandrandahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.35|47.295|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar RN41.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3516008|Tatamalaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2|47.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65309591|Mahazoarivo]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136772433|Isandrandahy Ambony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.44278|47.42094|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136772465|Soanakambana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.10124|47.44841|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q775197|Efatsy Anandroza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1167|47.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q965708|Amporoforo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4667|47.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1006566|Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.816667|47.816667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Farafangana map 1.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2400939|Iabohazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8833|47.7333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora bathiei (MNHN-IM-2000-5484).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841540|Ambalatany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.5333|47.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841542|Ambalavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9667|47.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842214|Ambohigogo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7667|47.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842237|Ambohimandroso, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.763481|47.518398|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850283|Ankarana Miraihina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.0833|47.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852336|Anosivelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7333|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852343|Anosy Tsararafa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7333|47.8167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fleuve du Manampatrana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857648|Antsiranambe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.15|47.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2897017|Beretra Bevoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7167|47.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3059374|Etrotroka Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.891346|47.58812|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3061353|Evato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.6|47.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068390|Fenoarivo, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1167|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148364|Ihorombe, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23|47.5333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ihosy.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156233|Ivandrika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8667|47.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277481|Mahabo Mananivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.183333|47.683333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277501|Mahafasa Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.6667|47.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277642|Mahavelo, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7|47.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277700|Maheriraty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7333|47.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285216|Manambotra Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9167|47.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294672|Marovandrika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.5167|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461495|Sahamadio, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.5167|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3515066|Tangainony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3535925|Tovona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9167|47.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562095|Vohilengo, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.5333|47.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562110|Vohimasy, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8167|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562132|Vohitromby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8667|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137874918|Ambalavato Antevato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.997848|47.375602|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137883000|Namohora Iaborano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.62585|47.64007|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137883012|Vohilavan'i Manampatrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.08183|47.61799|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q731243|Vinaninony-Atsimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5333|46.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ANKARARANA - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1343729|Faratsiho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.399722|46.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Statut de la vierge Marie, Faratsiho, RN 43, Region Vakinankaratra, Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842202|Ambohiborona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4|47.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846237|Andranomiady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2333|46.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857628|Antsapanimahazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.64|47.158|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307890|Miandrarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4333|46.75|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.43333|46.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3418349|Ramainandro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|47|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3553466|Valabetokana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3333|46.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3559400|Vinaninony Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4833|47.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1404813|Fenoarivo Atsinanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.22|49.25|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fénérive-Est.Monument.2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841919|Ambatoharanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3167|49.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842178|Ambodimanga II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2667|49.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844136|Ampasimbe Manantsatrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.1|49.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844140|Ampasina Maningory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2167|49.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857639|Antsiatsiaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17|49.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277563|Mahambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4833|49.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3315709|Miorimivalana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2167|49.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473456|Saranambana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.25|49.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562096|Vohilengo, Fenoarivo Atsinanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3|49.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562121|Vohipeno, Fenoarivo Atsinanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.1667|49.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746517|Betampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-21.29689|47.50566|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185593|Ambanjan’i Sahalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.348|49.3163|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451842|Mahanoro, Fenoarivo Atsinanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.35|49.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2834496|Fenoarivobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.449722|46.561667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-18.433333|46.566667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841941|Ambatomainty Atsimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.278733|46.330271|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842286|Ambohitromby, Fenoarivobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-17.965|46.32|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3072762|Firavahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6333|46.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3197306|Kiranomena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2833|46.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3293740|Maritampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7833|46.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56092344|Tsinjoarivo 22]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.34866|45.84828|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107144053|Mahajeby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.05|46|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138504620|Andriampotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.58752|46.41809|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138504670|Mangatany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.5799|46.7558|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q254409|Talata Ampano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.56|47.037|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Talata-Ampano street.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q527441|Fianarantsoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725839|Fianarantsoa]]''
| {{Coord|-21.433333|47.083333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vue globale de la ville Fianarantsoa 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2092364|Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.84|46.94|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Town Centre Ambalavao Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841516|Ambalamahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.23|47.1164|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841525|Ambalamidera II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.333|46.867|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850293|Ankarinarivo Manirisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.417|47.067|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147378|Iavinomby-Vohibola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.333|47.083|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155110|Isaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''
| {{Coord|-21.143889|47.015|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156333|Ivoamba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277652|Mahazoarivo, Fianarantsoa II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.367|46.817|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285655|Maneva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-20.883|47.233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487272|Soaindrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.517|47.033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514044|Taindambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.467|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514944|Tanamarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''
| {{Coord|-21.573056|45.94|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3559401|Vinanitelo, Fianarantsoa II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.717|47.267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185581|Tanamarina Sakay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''
| {{Coord|-22.466667|46.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107366442|Vohimarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.64|46.898889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389209|Ambalamidera Ambohimanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4381|46.8792|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389211|Andreamalama]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.14|46.91|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389212|Ihazoara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5855|47.271|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389213|Ankaromalaza Mifanasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7343|47.1536|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389214|Vohibato Ouest]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6041|47.1253|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389225|Andrainjato Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.54|47.18|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389265|Lamosina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.64|46.898889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124736022|Ampatsy Ampangabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.58|47.34|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124807332|Sahafata]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.26|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124809193|Vohitrarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''
| {{Coord|-21.09|46.96|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124809235|Volamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.79|46.71|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124809329|Vinaninoro Andrefana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3863|47.0819|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124958730|Anjanomanana Tsimiavaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7047|47.106|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125585035|Namoly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.12|46.92|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125860374|Ambondrona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2772|46.998|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893832|Begogo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030935|Iakora]]''
| {{Coord|-23.29|46.43|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147205|Iakora]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030935|Iakora]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1|46.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3419021|Ranotsara Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030935|Iakora]]''
| {{Coord|-22.47|46.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65298455|Volambita]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030935|Iakora]]''
| {{Coord|-22.977|46.761|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451770|Andranombao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030935|Iakora]]''
| {{Coord|-22.766667|46.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099548|Ifanadiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3|47.6333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Pont d'Ifanadiana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842240|Ambohimanga Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8667|47.6|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar. Briquetterie à Ambohimanga.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842252|Ambohimiera]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.05|47.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845153|Analampasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8333|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846958|Androrangavola, Ifanadiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5|47.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852634|Antaretra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.0667|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857641|Antsindra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9833|47.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3067078|Fasintsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7|47.7|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fasintsara.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194858|Kelilalina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2833|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294582|Maroharatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7333|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294631|Marotoko]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5833|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3419015|Ranomafana, Ifanadiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.25|47.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ranomafana 2015 07.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541470|Tsaratanana, Ifanadiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1833|47.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65309320|Androrangavola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5|47.71667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107394935|Ambiabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.40136|47.60883|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:RN 14 Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1657947|Ihosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1513970|Ihorombe]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4036|46.1258|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-22.40293|46.12576|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ihosy.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841923|Ambatolahy, Ihosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.32|46|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Boophis bottae 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842037|Ambia, Ihosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.22|46.11|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845144|Analaliry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.47|46.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845158|Analavoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.32|46.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846158|Andiolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.31|45.36|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850347|Ankily]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.31|45.36|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3108180|Ilakaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.68|45.21|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ilakaka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3113216|Ranohira]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.26|45.21|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-22.48333|45.4|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:RanohiraGrandRueGeschäfte.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ranohira.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3154360|Irina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.26|46.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277593|Mahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.59|45.57|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3305725|Menamaty Iloto]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.57|45.24|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461497|Sahambano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.29|46.17|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3469351|Sakalalina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.29|46.17|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473996|Satrokala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3|45.37|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tozzi Green Satrokala Ihorombe.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3574968|Zazafotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.12|46.21|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Corundum-274988.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65307820|Antsoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.89|46.134|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107418228|Tolohomiady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2|46.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107418254|Andohan'Ilakaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2|46.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841940|Ambatomainty, Ikalamavony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9|46.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Juvenile Paroedura rennerae.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2877839|Babetville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''
| {{Coord|-21.57|46.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3073069|Fitampito]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.973|46.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148385|Ikalamavony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.168|46.6|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ikalamavony.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285756|Mangidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.25|46.8|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Anosivola overview.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3489484|Solila]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4167|46.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541594|Tsitondroina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.315|45.99|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Améthyste sceptre (Madagascar) 1.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q285251|Manampatrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.65|47.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manampatrana - railroad station.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1025754|Ikongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8831|47.4331|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vue sur Ikongo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841917|Ambatofotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75|47.4833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambatofotsy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842255|Ambohimisafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5167|47.5333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohimisafy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842305|Ambolomadinika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.95|47.4333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sandrananta Ambolomadinika.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850292|Ankarimbelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1333|47.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894296|Belemoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7833|47.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148085|Ifanirea]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1833|47.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3192078|Kalafotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2833|47.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294598|Maromiandra, Ikongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6833|47.5167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Maromiandra.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461488|Sahalanona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.05|47.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514939|Tanakambana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.05|47.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3530611|Tolongoina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.55|47.5167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tolongoina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107427309|Tsifenokataka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.79|47.67|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tsifenokataka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107427315|Andefapony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.47288|47.54214|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107427322|Antodinga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.14791|47.42025|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107427330|Ambinanitromby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6729|47.5236|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambinanitromby.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q507008|Anjoma Itsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.217|46.917|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2399936|Soatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.388|46.9167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Soatanana 001.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846172|Andoharanomaintso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4699|46.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Clos Malaza - vue générale.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3066417|Fanjakana, Fianarantsoa II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1833|46.89|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155608|Isorana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.317|46.933|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Cliff Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3336167|Nasandratrony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.717|46.933|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Nasandratrony commune boundaries.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294570|Marofangady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q573931|Itasy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3167|47.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q539522|Antambohobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.18|46.46|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156334|Ivohibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.18|46.46|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar74.158.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156343|Ivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294621|Maropaika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.42|46.59|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487288|Soamatasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.29|46.17|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109827187|Kotipa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.33|46.607|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15233454|Kandreho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.483333|46.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23213980|Betaimboay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.769626|46.125109|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23301507|Antanimbaribe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5665|47.6989|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23304820|Andasibe, Kandreho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.66029|46.23368|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113288906|Behazomaty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.475247|46.234044|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138076455|Ambaliha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.44998|45.9897|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138077599|Mahatsinjo Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.603577|46.155273|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q550422|Sahambavy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.433|47.283|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hameau betsileo Sahambavy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830426|Alakamisy Ambohimaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.32|47.225|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830710|Alatsinainy Ialamarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5333|47.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841509|Ambalakely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4167|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846210|Andrainjato Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.47|47.09|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846979|Androy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.335117|47.277419|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3066351|Fandrandava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5167|47.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277624|Mahatsinjony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.419|47.207|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56227103|Ialananindro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.42921|47.14607|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q458507|Ambovombe-Androy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]<br/>''[[:d:Q55002883|Ambovombe-Androy]]''
| {{Coord|-25.176944|46.086944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125931154|Ampasinambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| {{Coord|-20.61|47.684|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ampasinambo (Ifanadiana).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q582955|Mangabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7167|46.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2370160|Morafeno, Maevatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6|47.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841507|Ambalajia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4833|46.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841530|Ambalanjanakomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7|47.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846871|Andriba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5833|46.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852603|Antanimbary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.1833|46.85|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Aomby antanimbary.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857638|Antsiafabositra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3|46.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895270|Bemokotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.05|46.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896887|Beratsimanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.8833|46.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276105|Madiromirafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.8333|46.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276434|Maevatanana II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.95|46.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277616|Mahatsinjo, Maevatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7333|47.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277660|Mahazoma]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.1667|46.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3290873|Maria, Maevatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2833|46.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541461|Tsararano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3333|46.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109801887|Berivotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.77323|47.0208|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113288918|Beanana, Maevatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.05163|46.81038|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andranobevava, Madagascar (57962).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138124224|Marokoro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.93944|47.24517|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q660109|Ambia, Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6167|45.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q927237|Ankilizato, Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.4|45.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099449|Mandabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-21.05|44.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099535|Malaimbandy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3333|45.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844099|Ampanihy, Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5833|44.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845151|Analamitsivala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3167|44.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850342|Ankilivalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2833|44.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893790|Befotaka, Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8333|45.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2899102|Beronono, Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9|45.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541575|Tsimazava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6833|45.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135179377|Bezezika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.333333|44.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841502|Ambalabe Befanjava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.85|47.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841512|Ambalakida]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7833|46.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Site de reboisement Marohogo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846220|Andranoboka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6333|46.8833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Association des femmes Andranoboka Region Boeny.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894113|Bekobay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8167|46.9333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Paysage sur la mer d'Ampapamena.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895050|Belobaka, Mahajanga II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6833|46.4167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bureau de service Commune rurale Belobaka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900140|Betsako]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6167|46.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Betsako Center 17 May 2019.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2907525|Boanamary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.833333|46.316667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS050-E-56682 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277509|Mahajamba Usine]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3291409|Mariarano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4833|46.7|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Une escalier observé dans la grotte.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2480166|Mahanoro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9|48.8|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.898889|48.811389|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Canal des Pangalanes - Nosy Varika - Mahanoro (4).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6783504|Masomeloka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-20.279911|48.625825|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15179688|Ambodiharina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-20.012872|48.76865|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS021-E-5436 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746489|Ambinanidilana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8933|48.4428|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746491|Ambinanindrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-20.1011|48.3392|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambinanindrano.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746494|Ambodibonara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3388|48.5177|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746510|Ankazotsifantatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9934|48.493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746515|Befotaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2458|48.3271|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746518|Betsizaraina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9617|48.7628|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746524|Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8048|48.5548|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746535|Tsaravinany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7379|48.7206|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109905513|Andranambomaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-20.14912|48.582632|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137997742|Tsaravinany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7325|48.7257|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q742869|Andranovao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6167|44.0667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1100822|Tambohorano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5067|43.9522|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mandrozo lake.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2404468|Maromavo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5667|44.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846049|Andabotoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1|44.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850351|Ankisatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2333|44.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857613|Antsahidoha Bebao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3667|44.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857658|Antsondrodava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4|44.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893395|Bebakony Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.1|44.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2897034|Berevo-Ranobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2167|44.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900040|Betanatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1833|44.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276441|Mafaijijo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.05|44.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294583|Marohazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7333|44.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3556021|Veromanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4667|44.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100923377|Belitsaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.98006|44.43173|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100947851|Bemokotra Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.306389|44.1375|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535830|Andrea, Melaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8575|44.1324|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099436|Mampikony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1|47.6333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Carte bassin Sofia.svg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842275|Ambohitoaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.0167|47.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844133|Ampasimatera]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9333|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894120|Bekoratsaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1|47.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198509|Komajia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2|47.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285076|Mampikony II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.3|47.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139384238|Ambodihazoambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.124|47.9206|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139384251|Ankiririky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.86096|47.63489|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139384263|Anovilava Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1448|47.9629|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139384280|Betaramahamay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9369|47.5715|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139384318|Malakialina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2786|47.4129|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q547003|Anosiala, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.039439|48.029373|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q991066|Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.15|48|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manakara Be - south.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841476|Ambahatrazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8667|47.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambahatrazo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841486|Ambahive]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2|47.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841533|Ambalaroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1333|47.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841543|Ambalavero]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8|47.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842057|Ambila]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.9833|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842137|Amboanjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842293|Ambohitsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.85|47.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842334|Amborondra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.9167|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842338|Ambotaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844132|Ampasimanjeva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7333|48.0333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ampasimanjeva.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844137|Ampasimboraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6667|47.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844143|Ampasipotsy, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.95|47.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845159|Analavory, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852326|Anorombato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0167|47.7833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Anorombato (Manakara).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852718|Anteza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6667|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894085|Bekatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1|47.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068399|Fenomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7667|47.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3258730|Lokomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1833|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277470|Mahabako]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75|47.7167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gare de Mahabako.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277549|Mahamaibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75|47.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285727|Mangatsiotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2833|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294572|Marofarihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0333|48|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3301951|Mavorano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7833|47.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3317053|Mitanty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.73|48|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3317335|Mizilo Gara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3341452|Nihaonana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.771111|47.891111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3352730|Onilahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.715|47.63|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461499|Sahanambohitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8667|47.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461514|Saharefo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6667|47.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461523|Sahasinaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8|47.8333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Faraony.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3469397|Sakoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2|47.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3491256|Sorombo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1|47.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3516005|Tataho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2167|47.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3555017|Vatana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2167|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3559402|Vinanitelo, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0167|47.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562093|Vohilava, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7667|47.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562102|Vohimanitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7|47.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562106|Vohimasina Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7333|48.1333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vohimasina Nord.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562108|Vohimasina Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.85|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562111|Vohimasy, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1|47.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109561863|Ambohitrova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.15903|47.73439|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130466925|Betampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75057|48.07137|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130466926|Kianjanomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.73718|47.80804|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130466927|Manjarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.73399|47.84091|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138648145|Ambandrika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''
| {{Coord|-22.21633|47.72684|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138651824|Nosiala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''
| {{Coord|-22.08651|47.97154|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q266692|Ambatoharanana, Mananara Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4333|49.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q657286|Mananara Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1667|49.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842150|Ambodiampana, Mananara Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1|49.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842190|Ambodivoanio]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1833|49.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852579|Antanambaobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.25|49.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852581|Antanambe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4333|49.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285214|Manambolosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.0333|49.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3471960|Sandrakatsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.3333|49.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473677|Saromaona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.15|49.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3515190|Tanibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4|49.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185574|Mahanoro, Mananara Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.033333|49.366667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185577|Antanananivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.283333|49.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185590|Imorona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2|49.833333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:RN5 IVONTAKA.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3554634|Vanono]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q657286|Mananara Nord]]''
| {{Coord|-16.0333|49.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q633366|Andakatany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.1|46.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841954|Ambatomarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.583|47.017|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842222|Ambohimahazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6667|47.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842253|Ambohimilanja, Manandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7|47.017|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842273|Ambohipo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.85|47.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842343|Ambovombe Afovoany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.779|47.077|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846058|Andakatanikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.64237|47.049424|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850250|Anjoma Nandihizana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.834625|47.143543|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514438|Talata Vohimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.85|46.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20202104|Anjoman'ankona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6529|47.1042|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31361960|Ambovobe Afovoany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136772514|Ilanjana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.61796|47.02655|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136772519|Soatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.67043|47.06468|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q654408|Vohilava, Mananjary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.0667|48|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vohilava (Mananjary).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2409463|Mahavoky Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8333|48.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2423152|Mananjary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.231111|48.341944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mananjary - house.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:MG-Mananjary.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841505|Ambalahosy Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3|47.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842185|Ambodinonoka, Mananjary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9833|47.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842246|Ambohimiarina II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3333|48|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842264|Ambohinihaonana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2|47.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846180|Andonabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4667|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846213|Andranambolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9|48.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852333|Anosimparihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5|47.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857636|Antsenavolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3196307|Kianjavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3667|47.8667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora tricarinata kianjavatoi (MNHN-IM-2000-5587).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277496|Mahaela]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.966667|48.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277610|Mahatsara Iefaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1165|48.3308|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277614|Mahatsara Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1229|48.3427|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285192|Manakana Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3167|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294575|Marofototra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8667|48.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294591|Marokarima]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2167|48.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294622|Marosangy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21|48.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323695|Morafeno, Mananjary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3335482|Namorona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.65|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3472059|Sandrohy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6|47.9|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Village de Sandrohy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541474|Tsaravary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.25|48.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541557|Tsiatosika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2|48.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3555033|Vatohandrina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.55|47.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850254|Anjoma Ramartina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|45.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850306|Ankazomiriotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65|46.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071458|Fidirana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5|46.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285551|Mandoto]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5667|46.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3554906|Vasiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|46.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56300067|Vinany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.616667|46.483333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360569|Ananambao Ambary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.59425|46.21274|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360571|Besohana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.407|46.5175|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108739671|Maromandray]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.583333|46.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q290448|Ampatakamaroreny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4833|48.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456635|Ambarikorano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8833|48.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1028283|Mandritsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8333|48.8167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Couchée de soleil à Mandritsara.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841513|Ambalakirajy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8333|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841565|Ambaripaika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9167|48.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842061|Ambilombe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.5333|49.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842132|Amboaboa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9333|48.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842147|Ambodiadabo, Mandritsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.11667|48.53305|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842274|Ambohisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9833|48.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842333|Amborondolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1|48.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846173|Andohajango]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850237|Anjiabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.65|48.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850326|Ankiabe Salohy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6|48.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852580|Antanambaon'amberina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4167|49.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852583|Antananadava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.85|48.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857630|Antsatramidoladola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6333|48.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857646|Antsirabe Afovoany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.95|48.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857651|Antsoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7667|48.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3192110|Kalandy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.75|48.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285220|Manampaneva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.05|48.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294626|Marotandrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1667|48.8333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Jiro (lumière) à Marotandrano. Lever du jour sur un tombeau malgache - btv1b10111737m.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541472|Tsaratanana, Mandritsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.95|48.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552456|Ambinanifango]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7827|48.8068|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552497|Ambodiamontana Kianga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7579|48.9784|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552566|Andratamarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.857|49.0505|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552582|Ankiakabe Fonoko]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8411|49.0691|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552771|Antanandava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.72749|48.71836|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552793|Antsiatsiaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.06004|49.10977|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139553098|Pont Sofia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.49693|48.61531|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139553134|Tsarajomoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7724|48.6227|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846240|Andranopasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2833|43.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850331|Ankiliabo, Manja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7|43.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852307|Anontsibe Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3667|44.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893878|Beharona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5167|44.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3123057|Manja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4333|44.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7549870|Soaserana, Manja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1167|44.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138840737|Betsioky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4192|44.5811|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1523009|Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.916667|47.799722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Station Manjakandriana 04.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Antananarivo Manjakandriana.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841938|Ambatomanga, Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.966667|47.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Panorama du village d'Ambatomanga.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842288|Ambohitseheno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.783333|47.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4708396|Alarobia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.966667|47.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741008|Ambanitsena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.866667|47.683333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741164|Ambatolaona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.933333|47.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741167|Ambatomena, Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.783333|47.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741658|Ambohibary, Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.866667|47.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741660|Ambohitrandriamanitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.083333|47.783333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohitrandriamanitra city - .jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741661|Ambohitrolomahitsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7|47.683333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohitrolomahitsy.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741663|Ambohitrony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75|47.76667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4765801|Anjepy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.85|47.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4765853|Anjoma Betoho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.816667|47.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4766001|Ankazondandy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.683333|47.816667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Produits agricoles, Ankazondandy Madagascar (75691).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4777389|Antsahalalina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.733333|47.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6751996|Mantasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.016667|47.833333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Village de Mantasoa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6819425|Merikanjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.133333|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6827186|Miadanandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.033333|47.783333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Angavobe depuis l'est.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6963313|Nandihizana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.767|46.8691|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nandihizana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7293427|Ranovao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.816667|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7397489|Sadabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.633333|47.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7408981|Sambaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|47.783333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sambaina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7549876|Soavinandriana, Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7|47.883333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137212762|Ambohibao Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.74755|47.7489|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137212803|Ampaneva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.76429|47.69259|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7849652|Tsifota]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3047044|Manombo Sud]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8233|43.3642|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118175|Maroantsetra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.433333|49.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Port Maroantsetra, Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q542012|Ankofa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4|49.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q734228|Antsirabe Sahatany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4|49.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2384559|Anjanazana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.38699|49.75378|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2403574|Ambanizana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.625656|49.966774|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-15.61667|49.96667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambanizana plage.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842083|Ambinanitelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.35|49.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846223|Andranofotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4333|49.8|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Parcelle d'agroforesterie Ambodivoangy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846956|Androndrono]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.75|49.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852555|Antakotako]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3167|49.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857607|Antsahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.466667|50.266667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285211|Manambolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.2833|49.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3419032|Rantabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7|49.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Illegal rosewood stockpiles 005.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562938|Voloina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.5667|49.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107354760|Ambodimanga Rantabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.483333|49.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107354789|Anandrivola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.816667|49.683333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360526|Morafeno, Maroantsetra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.766667|49.433333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360565|Mariarano, Maroantsetra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.35|49.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360568|Ankofabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.5|49.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451875|Sahasindro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.383333|49.683333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136721303|Androndrona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-16.0168|49.2599|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136721309|Anjahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.40967|49.87937|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136721330|Mahalevona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.41316|49.91442|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294590|Marolambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.05|48.1167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora soulaiana (MNHN-IM-2000-5575).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746457|Ambalapaiso II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.0069|47.8427|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746493|Amboasary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7951|47.9869|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746497|Ambodinonoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.98333|47.88333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746501|Ambohimilanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.93066|47.97887|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746504|Ambatofisaka II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.083333|47.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746505|Andonabe Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.926769|48.189251|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746508|Androrangavola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.266667|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746512|Anosiarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.20132|47.90047|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108619528|Betampona, Marolambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.20707|48.06684|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138004369|Ambodivoahangy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.01497|47.85971|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138004550|Maromitety I]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.13038|47.93259|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138004578|Tanambao Rabemanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3421|47.9835|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q614364|Ankaraobato, Marovoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.35|46.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q960509|Antanambao Andranolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9667|46.6833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La rizière d'Antanambao Andranolava.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1902425|Marovoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.111111|46.643889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842306|Ambolomoty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1667|46.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850303|Ankazomborona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1167|46.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Arbetsbordet på vår veranda. S-te Marie de Marovoay. Madagaskar - SMVK - 021938.tif|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852334|Anosinalainolona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1833|46.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852601|Antanimasaka, Marovoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2333|46.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895216|Bemaharivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1333|46.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285245|Manaratsandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1833|46.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294623|Marosakoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2333|46.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294685|Marovoay Banlieue]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9833|46.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541464|Tsararano, Marovoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1667|46.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138474307|Ankaboka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.097554|46.539544|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS048-E-347 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2531012|Maintirano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1514040|Melaky]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4|44.1|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-18.06354|44.02951|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Le port de Maintirano.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q864109|Morondava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1344087|Menabe]]''
| {{Coord|-20.284722|44.3175|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Strada di Morondava.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:MG-Morondava.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3123066|Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1344087|Menabe]]''
| {{Coord|-20.383333|44.666667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Merops superciliosus, Mahabo, Madagascar 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2573754|Miandrivazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031493|Miandrivazo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5556|45.4508|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Miandrivazo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844101|Ampanihy, Miandrivazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031493|Miandrivazo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.488413|45.386389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852332|Anosimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031493|Miandrivazo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6667|45.4|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mania oli 2017082 (Tsiribihina).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285209|Manambina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031493|Miandrivazo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.0833|45.4833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Eichhornia crassipes in Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138844854|Andranomainty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2573754|Miandrivazo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65469|45.46707|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q155530|Miarinarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.960833|46.903611|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Itasy lake.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q385368|Manazary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|46.52|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841952|Ambatomanjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.53|46.52|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845161|Analavory, Miarinarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.58|46.43|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Analavory geyser near hot springs at Ampefy in Itasy - Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846175|Andolofotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.45|46.38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852329|Anosibe Ifanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.52|46.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2853425|Antoby Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.072765|46.921887|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285502|Mandiavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473670|Sarobaratra Ifanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.48|46.44|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487282|Soamahamanina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.59|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487314|Soavimbahoaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.41|46.06|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3575707|Zoma Bealoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.51|47.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002229|Miarinarivo II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-21.89803|47.67414|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138736796|Alatsinainikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9518|46.5463|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15181217|Ankazovelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031497|Midongy-Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-23.633056|47|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15262610|Nosifeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031497|Midongy-Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-23.583333|47.016667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora tricarinata subdygana (MNHN-IM-2000-5534).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137887031|Bevaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031497|Midongy-Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4737|47.14156|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099442|Mitsinjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-16|45.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841562|Ambarimaninga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5|46|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857067|Antongomena Bevary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.95|45.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857637|Antseza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2167|45.8667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Village d'Ambararatabe, Complexe-Mahavavy-Kinkony, Boeny, Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894095|Bekipay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.25|46.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194218|Katsepy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7667|46.2333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Debarquadaire de Katsepy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3299328|Matsakabanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9167|45.8333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:PRIORI Madagascar 20190830 093116.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846212|Andramy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031551|Morafenobe District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.963536|44.785535|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896885|Beravina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031551|Morafenobe District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1|45.13|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Route Beravina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323702|Morafenobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031551|Morafenobe District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.819306|44.925167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111941481|Antranokoaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031551|Morafenobe District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1|44.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2007666|Andasibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9333|48.4167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andasibe National Park, Madagascar (4027581120).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2412559|Amboasary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4333|48.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2423165|Moramanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.583333|48.383333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Moramanga - marketplace.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841989|Ambatovola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8833|48.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842211|Ambohidronono]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75|48.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844146|Ampasipotsy Mandialaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9667|48.34|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844147|Ampasipotsy Gare]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9667|48.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846055|Andaingo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2|48.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852331|Anosibe Ifody]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9167|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852587|Antanandava, Moramanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0833|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852596|Antaniditra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.85|48.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893788|Beforona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9667|48.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894239|Belavabary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8333|48|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896840|Beparasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1667|48.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071547|Fierenana, Moramanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4833|48.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3216445|Lakato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1833|48.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285504|Mandialaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6167|48.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323727|Moramanga Suburbaine]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.94|48.23|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323749|Morarano Gare]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.71|48.27|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3460686|Sabotsy Anjiro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8833|47.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562050|Vodiriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1667|48.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31361989|Ampasipotsy Gara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389269|Ambohibary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.91323|48.22846|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136705423|Analasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.94749|48.22577|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136705453|Bembary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.28111|48.26791|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fleuve Mangoro Bembary.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q733702|Antongo Vaovao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4|43.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1028252|Morombe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.748889|43.363056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Three Brothers Baobab Andombiry Morombe Madagascar - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Toliara Morombe.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841482|Ambahikily]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.607964|43.675563|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852607|Antanimeva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2333|43.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2886776|Basibasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1667|43.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893727|Befandefa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1333|43.3|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andavadoaka 09.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893728|Befandriana Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1|43.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3344385|Nosy Ambositra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.9167|43.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19765998|Ankatsakatsa Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.88187|43.89502|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137824722|Tanandava Station]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.70662|43.74294|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q589159|Ankotrofotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8|45.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099530|Ankavandra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7667|45.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841928|Ambatolahy, Miandrivazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20|45.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845140|Analaiva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3333|44.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850358|Ankondromena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.3833|45.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893730|Befasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5667|44.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895044|Belo sur Mer]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.733333|44|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Rue principale de Belo sur Mer - Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895221|Bemahatazana, Miandrivazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5333|45.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895242|Bemanonga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2833|44.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900156|Betsipolitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7|45.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3011606|Dabolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|45.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155121|Isalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7333|45.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155983|Itondy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.05|45.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285229|Manandaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3167|45.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487281|Soaloka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.5333|45.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138827357|Marofandilia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.133466|44.547668|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Furcifer oustaleti.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841487|Ambahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.775|48.475|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842163|Ambodilafa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5|48.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844141|Ampasinambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5167|48|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sakaleona à Ambalahasina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846967|Androrangovola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5167|48.2333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Androrangavola (Nosy Varika).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893765|Befody]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7667|47.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071096|Fiadanana, Nosy Varika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.4333|48.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461530|Sahavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6|48.3333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-20.6|48.33333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487318|Soavina Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3833|48.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562091|Vohilava, Nosy Varika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7|48.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562117|Vohindroa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6758|48.1912|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fleuve Sakaleona.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562130|Vohitrandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.75|48.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107427324|Fanivelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.606|48.438|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q617831|Andranolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.65|44.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2762606|Sakaraha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.916667|44.549722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sakaraha.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842088|Ambinany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.6167|44.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842330|Amboronabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.6667|44.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846061|Andalamasina Vineta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-23.0167|44.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896998|Bereketa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1167|44.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277486|Mahaboboka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9|44.3333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mahaboboka Fiangonana Ôrtôdôksa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307919|Miary Lamatihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8667|44.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307921|Miary Taheza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1333|44.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3313070|Mihavatsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9|44.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3313784|Mikoboka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.75|44.0667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109561691|Mitsinjo, Sakaraha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.812|43.827|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2378878|Analamaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2|49.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora soulaiana (MNHN-IM-2000-5574).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2397855|Bevonotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.05|49.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841911|Ambatoafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1167|49.6833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Neonauclea foveolata Capuron (P00553250).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842139|Amboangibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1333|49.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842151|Ambodiampana, Sambava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5333|49.8667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambodiampana Lokoho.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842191|Ambodivoara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.4|49.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842225|Ambohimalaza, Sambava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3167|50.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842256|Ambohimitsinjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3|49.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846206|Andrahanjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3|49.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846251|Andratamarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.35|49.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850230|Anjangoveratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1333|50.0833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Rue centrale Antanandava.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850242|Anjialava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.0667|49.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850246|Anjinjaomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3|49.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2853299|Antindra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1333|49.8167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antindra.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857602|Antsahambaharo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5333|49.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857611|Antsahavaribe, Sambava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.9833|49.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895234|Bemanevika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1167|50.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3047037|Marojala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.47|50.0333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bingiza 2011-02-10 1200Z.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3066768|Farahalana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.45|50.155|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Maison traditionnelle Andranovato.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar location map.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294557|Maroambiny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.4667|49.7667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:EPP Ambohimanarina Maroambihy Sambava.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294580|Marogaona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1833|49.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323694|Morafeno, Sambava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.4|50.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3344352|Nosiarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2167|50.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bemarivo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514951|Tanambao Daoud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.9833|50.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q254480|Sambava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.266667|50.166667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sambava, rue du marché.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55532746|Ampanavoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.68333|50.36667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535809|Manakambahiny Ankavia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.2749|50.0704|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535810|Sahantaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0416|50.3459|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109743324|Andampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9398|49.9121|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Forêt secondaire d'Andampy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455005|Ambalavelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.7052|49.7529|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambalavelona (Andapa).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455007|Ambodidivaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6112|49.4298|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455011|Andasibe Kobahina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.55851|49.60543|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455013|Andranomena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455017|Belaoka Lokoho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5598|49.7334|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455019|Andapabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2319|49.6515|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455021|Andrembona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.20182|49.79012|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455023|Mahasoa Antindra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.0613|49.7976|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2480172|Soalala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031857|Soalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1|45.316667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Namoroka Tsingy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842266|Ambohipaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031857|Soalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4167|44.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846233|Andranomavo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031857|Soalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5667|45.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138496974|Antsakoamileka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031857|Soalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1161|45.4195|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2387366|Soanierana Ivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.9167|49.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841489|Ambahoabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7667|49.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842155|Ambodiampana, Soanierana Ivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.8167|49.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846072|Andapafito]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.9167|49.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852597|Antanifotsy, Soanierana Ivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.8667|49.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852676|Antenina, Soanierana Ivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5667|49.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3079761|Fotsialanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.9333|49.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3286442|Manompana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.6833|49.7333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Longhorn Beetle (Phryneta marmorea) (8560514956).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451896|Ambinanisakana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107185603|Soanierana Ivongo District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.95|49.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q474439|Ampefy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|46.44|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Chute de la Lili.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841913|Ambatoasana Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|46.44|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.05|46.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842035|Amberomanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.15|46.37|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:TErroir d'Amberomanga, Ankazobe Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844107|Amparaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.19|46.38|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.316667|46.633333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Amparaky Geyser.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844120|Ampary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.11|46.35|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fabrication de brique Ampary.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850289|Ankaranana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|46.37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850349|Ankisabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.17|46.29|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852594|Antanetibe, Soavinandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7|46.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3036250|Dondona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.19997|46.87506|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3117789|Soavinandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.166667|46.733056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Culture de maïs à Soavinandriana Itasy (45178).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277645|Mahavelona, Soavinandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1|46.31|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Thorianite-54888.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285228|Mananasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9|46.39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3297267|Masindray, Soavinandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.16|46.44|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514877|Tamponala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.18|46.23|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451869|Ambohidanerana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.20534|46.78751|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138748752|Amparibohitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2661|46.69945|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746496|Ambodimanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031888|Toamasina I]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746511|Ankirihiry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031888|Toamasina I]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746521|Firaisana Anjoma]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031888|Toamasina I]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746525|Morarano (Tamatave I)]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031888|Toamasina I]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746532|Tanambao 5]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031888|Toamasina I]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3079900|Mahavelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.686111|49.518333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Foulpointe.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746495|Ambodilazana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.12006|49.12161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746498|Ambodiriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.92201|49.26703|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746502|Ampasibe Onibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.62436|49.34922|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746503|Ampasimadinika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4165|49.16741|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746506|Andondabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.766|49.3866|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746507|Andranobolaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.29094|49.05423|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746513|Antenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.82259|48.95657|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746514|Antetezambaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.0133|49.3997|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746520|Fanandrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.252778|49.2675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746523|Mangabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7915|49.20834|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746531|Sahambala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.94122|49.11125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746534|Toamasina suburbaine]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.12623|49.31913|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20991301|Ifito]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.0799|48.9132|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Paysage dans la côte Est de Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56246934|Amboditandroho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.31487|49.32319|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108672896|Amporoforo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8566|49.1515|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108672978|Satrandroy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.083333|48.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138010360|Ampisokina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7336|49.2682|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q458081|Ambohimahavelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4333|43.8833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS012-E-11221 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q549286|Mandrofify]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5167|43.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842303|Ambolofoty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5333|43.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845132|Anakao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6667|43.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Anakao South of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845150|Analamisampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4667|43.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846248|Andranovory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1333|44.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850332|Ankililoake]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7667|43.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850336|Ankilimalinike]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.95|43.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852604|Antanimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55|44.1|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS012-E-11222 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893881|Beheloke]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.901666|43.763535|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Annales du Muse colonial de Marseille (1907-1954) (18405543112).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893919|Behompy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.25|43.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894208|Belalanda]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2833|43.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Beach Ifaty II.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3047044|Manombo Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.95|43.4667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manombo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294577|Marofoty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9333|43.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294601|Maromiandra, Toliara II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2667|43.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307918|Miary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.3|43.7333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:JMLeb 1988 Mad Fiherena 24.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3314057|Milenaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8333|43.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461830|Saint Augustin]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55|43.7667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-23.55|43.77|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:JMLEB 002 StAugustin.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487277|Soalara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.59632|43.71305|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS012-E-11219 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541549|Tsianisiha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9|43.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5347552|Efoetsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-24.078056|43.698611|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lake Tsimanampetsotsa, south-western Madagascar (4315971898).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135962743|Andranohinaly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.35152|43.96298|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:JNB-MRU 22.08.2009 13-18-43.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137844754|Soahazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4618|43.67722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198865|Kopoky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q162020|Toliara Province]]''
| {{Coord|-25.2|45.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q611106|Sarobaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.45|47.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2638514|Tsaratanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7972|47.6528|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-16.79706|47.65165|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Eglise de Tsaratanana.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841494|Ambakireny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6667|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846860|Andriamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4333|47.5|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andriamena village entrance.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894080|Bekapaika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.75|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900131|Betrandraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.0333|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2925205|Brieville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5667|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194860|Keliloha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2667|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285190|Manakana, Tsaratanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.75|47.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541466|Tsararova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113288894|Sakoamadinika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.19748|48.03389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113450176|Isinko]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.0848|47.24405|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138139138|Ampandrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.31149|47.84004|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852635|Antaritarika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.4|45.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3067590|Faux Cap]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.5667|45.5167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar74.135.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149158|Imongy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.3167|45.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294675|Marovato, Tsiombe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.3167|45.7333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-25.533333|45.266667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541560|Tsiombe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.317|45.485|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Toliara Tsiombe.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137561752|Ankilivalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-24.39893|45.0836|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137561825|Behazomanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1863|45.368|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137562546|Nikoly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.387884|45.43066|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q672726|Ankadinondry Sakay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9667|46.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:2009 11 25 Madagascar Ankadinondry-Sakay.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q928527|Tsiroanomandidy Fihaonana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7|45.9167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar families by region Ankaditapaka 058.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1649287|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7698|46.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Rue principale de Tsiroanomandidy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841529|Ambalanirana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75|46.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841558|Ambararatabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.99|46.19|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841932|Ambatolampy, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|46.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850317|Ankerana Avaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.5833|46.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852341|Anosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7333|46.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895053|Belobaka, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9833|45.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895228|Bemahatazana, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.35|46|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900376|Bevato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6833|46.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071542|Fierenana, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.545|45.847|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277601|Mahasolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1167|46.3667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Photobongolava.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294581|Maroharana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2833|46.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307889|Miandanarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9167|45.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487300|Soanierana, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.629|47.345|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541587|Tsinjoarivo, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9333|46.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138507006|Antsahalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.78955|46.4624|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138507110|Fiadanantsoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.10389|46.35969|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138507184|Maritampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.03767|46.11521|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q649284|Mandromodromotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9167|47.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q780837|Mandiso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.8833|46.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q985492|Manantenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.283333|47.316667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manantenina street view.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2421265|Ranopiso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.05|46.6667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Grandidierite-169886.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841910|Ambatoabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.85|46.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844138|Ampasimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3667|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844150|Ampasy Nahampoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9667|46.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845148|Analamary, Taolanaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2333|47.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845155|Analapatsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.25|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846235|Andranombory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1167|46.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850282|Ankaramena, Taolanaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.0167|46.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900412|Bevoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4833|47.0167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS009-E-15751 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3053691|Enakara-Haut]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.608796|46.702528|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3053697|Enaniliha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.65|46.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068398|Fenoevo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6833|46.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147185|Iabakoho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6|47.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148083|Ifarantsa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9333|46.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155112|Isaka-Ivondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.8|46.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277605|Mahatalaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.7833|47.0833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar74.101.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285205|Manambaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.0333|46.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3419016|Ranomafana, Taolanaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.5667|46.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473471|Sarasambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1|46.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487298|Soanierana, Taolanaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25|46.8833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS066-E-155273 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362060|Sarisambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.0975|46.7951|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362061|Iaboakoho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6099|47.1823|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137643651|Ankariera]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9994|46.6065|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137643663|Ankilivalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.975309|46.639755|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137643753|Emagnobo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6224|47.0026|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137643841|Soavary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1805|47.3232|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137643852|Tanandava Mandrare]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.41011|46.99865|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q571099|Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1463029|Vakinankaratra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.133333|47.55|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.65|47.31667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Church Notre Dame de la Salette Antanifotsy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q583184|Antsirabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1463029|Vakinankaratra]]''
| {{Coord|-19.866667|47.033333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antsirabe - rue principale02.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q266154|Ranomena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.42|47.264|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ranomena, district de Vangaindrano.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q338376|Ambatolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5667|47.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q684240|Isahara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.7167|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q974789|Manambondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8|47.55|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS066-E-155549 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842322|Ambongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.45|47.2667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora bemaraensis (MNHN-IM-2000-5433).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844113|Amparihy Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.98|47.324|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-23.95|47.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844121|Ampasimalemy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.342166|47.578477|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844151|Ampataka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.24|47.72|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2849972|Anilobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1833|47.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894087|Bekaraoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4667|47.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895214|Bema]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.16354|47.552|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900375|Bevata]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.283|47.283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3047030|Vangaindrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.35|47.605|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-23.35|47.61|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vangaindrano.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068385|Fenoambany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8167|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147358|Iara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.083|47.433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3193238|Karimbary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.3|47.583|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3258088|Lohafary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.25|47.433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3259285|Lopary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.197|47.674|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294592|Marokibo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.683|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3297265|Masianaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.583333|47.583333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lagoon Masihanaka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3298217|Matanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5167|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3471964|Sandravinany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-24.033|47.433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487287|Soamanova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2833|47.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541551|Tsianofana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.38625|47.54198|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541552|Tsiately]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.317|47.617|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3555019|Vatanato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.667|47.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562098|Vohimalaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.717|47.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562120|Vohipaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55|47.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562129|Vohitrambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.3|47.533|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137910679|Fonilaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.30347|47.55438|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137913221|Mahabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.74132|47.55988|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746530|Sahamatevina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2638549|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.271|48.9185|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2638549|Vatomandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.330833|48.978056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vatomandry-plage.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841496|Ambalabe, Vatomandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.235436|48.641407|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.1994|48.6199|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6736825|Maintinandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.43|48.930833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746522|Ilaka Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5478|48.8493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746527|Nierenana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0878|48.8493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746533|Tanambao Vahatrakaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4339|48.8123|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746536|Tsivangiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6526|48.7793|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20967403|Ambodivoananto]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3317|48.918|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20968458|Ifasina II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3167|48.6104|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20970634|Amboditavolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1747|48.8825|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20970732|Ampasimazava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6604|48.6605|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20970733|Ambalavolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2178|48.7884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20991238|Antanambao Mahatsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3128|48.7618|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Cascade à Antanambao Mahatsara.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21004612|Ampasimadinika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5381|48.6859|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21004639|Ifasina I]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4216|48.6869|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ifasina 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108649570|Niarovana Caroline]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.575278|48.798056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108672835|Ambodinonoka Rangalana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2503|48.95843|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109905529|Ifasina III]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3656|48.5956|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138019910|Iamborano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3924|48.7701|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138020026|Tsarasambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4138|48.8706|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q736946|Nosy Varika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.583333|48.533333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nosy Varika - bridge (1).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107439674|Ambakobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6807|48.1072|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107439702|Ambodiara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6506|47.9788|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora tricarinata ambodiarensis (MNHN-IM-2000-5598).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125379145|Antaretra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-21.076|47.845|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antaretra (Mananjary).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094239|Ambohitsara Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8712|48.4139|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094240|Andranomavo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9188|48.1366|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094241|Ankatafana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3648|48.2546|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094244|Marofody]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-21.27002|48.26811|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094246|Tsarahafatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2529|48.2113|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094247|Ambodirian'i Sahafary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.4956|48.4418|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094248|Andara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7965|48.4029|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094250|Angodongodona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5261|47.7536|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094251|Antanambao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5467|47.875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1939515|Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4667|49.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841921|Ambatoharanana, Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3|49.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842180|Ambodimangavalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5167|48.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842200|Ambohibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.45|49.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844135|Ampasimazava, Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6667|49.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846079|Andasibe, Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3333|48.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850222|Anjahambe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3833|49.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294603|Maromitety]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4833|49.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307910|Miarinarivo, Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.65|49.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461526|Sahatavy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.45|49|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451898|Tanamarina, Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.51816|49.19425|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q218954|Vohemar]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.375|50.01|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vohemar, port et plage.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416056|Ampisikina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-12.9333|49.8|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS048-E-58900 - View of Earth.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841539|Ambalasatrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7333|49.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842069|Ambinanin'andravory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7667|49.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842327|Amboriala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7833|49.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844097|Ampanefena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.8667|49.9667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ampanefena, Sava.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844468|Ampondra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.4167|49.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846203|Andrafainkona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7333|49.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846254|Andravory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7833|49.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857612|Antsahavaribe, Vohemar]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.85|49.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857647|Antsirabe Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.9667|49.9667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antsirabe-Nord, (Sava).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894211|Belambo, Vohemar]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.95|49.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2907901|Bobakindro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.4667|49.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3015981|Daraina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.2|49.6667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Daraina, Sava.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3066321|Fanambana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.55|49.9833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fanambana, Sava (ville).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294604|Maromokotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-12.95|49.5667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Le fleuve Loky-à-Maromokotra-SAVA-Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3314015|Milanoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.5833|49.7833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-13.58333|49.78333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3344354|Nosibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.15|49.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541454|Tsarabaria]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.75|49.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tsarabaria.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1453804|Mahasoabe, Fianarantsoa II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.59|47.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830432|Alakamisy Itenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.644|47.161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846238|Andranomiditra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.667|47.317|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846246|Andranovorivato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.63|46.988|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277490|Mahaditra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75|47.1|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Campaign in Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562103|Vohimarina Lamosina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.64|46.898889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562125|Vohitrafeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.667|47.217|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q474422|Brickaville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.819444|49.073611|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zuckerrohrfabrik Brickaville.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4777391|Antsampanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.981111|48.941944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:AntsampananaHauptstr.Moschee.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105654|Andevoranto]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.954444|49.109444|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar74.096.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640057|Ampasimbe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-19|48.7133|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640058|Andekaleka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.681|48.5729|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640059|Anivorano Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7327|48.97|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640061|Anjahamana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.3272|48.9153|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640064|Fetraomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.633333|48.9|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lohariendava (Île de Madagascar). Les travaux en tranchée. Chemin de fer. Tournée d'Antsirabé du général Gallieni (1903).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640065|Lohariandava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7703|48.7029|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lohariendava (Madagaskar), Formation d'un train de transit. Chemin de fer de Tananarive a la Cote-Orientale.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640066|Mahatsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.95|49.016667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Maisons traditionnelles du village de Mahatsara, au nord de Fasintsara.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640068|Maroseranana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.373|48.778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640069|Ranomafana Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9641|48.8445|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640070|Razanaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.769444|48.881667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640072|Vohitranivona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75714|49.15154|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Paysage Madagascar, Manambato.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20706293|Ambinaninony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.561278|49.171|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746485|Ambohimanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4948|48.6409|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746488|Ambalarondra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4856|49.0264|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q648288|Lanivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2833|47.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q658939|Andemaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2638540|Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.35|47.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850291|Ankarimbary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4167|47.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3047048|Savana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3833|47.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148087|Ifatsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148609|Ilakatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.35|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156272|Ivato, Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.388|47.867639|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277479|Mahabo, Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3333|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277599|Mahasoabe, Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2667|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277655|Mahazoarivo, Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3167|47.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3337030|Nato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3|47.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3352746|Onjatsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4|47.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461489|Sahalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2667|47.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562089|Vohilany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.40658|47.88168|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562115|Vohindava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4167|47.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562131|Vohitrindry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3833|47.85|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fleuve du Matitanana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109561791|Zafindrafady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4044|47.6007|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109561862|Amborobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.266667|47.866667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117475036|Antananabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.424444|47.726111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130466930|Anoloka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3641|47.89708|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q610203|Vondrozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.82|47.32|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842228|Ambohimana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.533|47.267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845319|Anandravy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9|47.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846057|Andakana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.517|47.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2856984|Antokonala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-23|47.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147224|Iamonta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.683|47.433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156274|Ivato, Vondrozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4167|47.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3193161|Karianga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4167|47.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277620|Mahatsinjo, Vondrozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.815|47.453|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Eucamptognathus laferti (from projects.biodiversity.be) ID-380.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277643|Mahavelo, Vondrozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3667|47.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277656|Mahazoarivo, Vondrozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.65|47.2833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Cooking bread fruit.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285208|Manambidala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.75|47.267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285277|Manato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4|47.483|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-22.4|47.48333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294628|Maroteza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562087|Vohiboreka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3167|47.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562105|Vohimary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9667|47.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137915695|Ambodirano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.721115|47.429115|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137915718|Andoharano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.866071|47.337639|display=inline}}
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
oi7x456z57btfk0d9sps3qsl0gt3zpm
Oníṣe:GerardM/Cercles of Mali
2
67169
622418
622135
2026-06-16T02:34:13Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622418
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q2115792 }
|section=
|sort=P131
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q130581074|Bandiagara Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.333333|-2.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q631684|Yanfolila Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q130390762|Bougouni Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.916667|-8.083333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Yanfolila.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139898593|Béléko circle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q131468014|Dioila Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q474936|Bourem Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.946|-0.313|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Bourem.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q570016|Ansongo Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.75|0.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Ansongo.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1493783|Gao Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.75|0.583333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La Dune Rose.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Gao.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136687021|Ouattagouna Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136687025|Kassambere Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136687031|Djebock Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136687041|Almoustrat Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139917020|Soni Aliber (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140136506|Gabéro (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140136519|N'Tillit (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140137983|Tabankort (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140138121|Cercle de Tessit]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140138780|Tin-Aouker (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140139148|Talataye (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140139334|Ersane (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140140060|Bamba (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q648765|Bafoulabé Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.666667|-10.666667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Bafoulabé.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q743538|Nioro Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.083333|-9.75|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Nioro du Sahel.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.083333|-10.583333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Yélimané.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1231874|Diéma Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.583333|-9.25|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Diéma.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.25|-9.333333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Centre de santé de référence 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Kita.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.666667|-11|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Kéniéba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.5|-11.5|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sahel forest near Kayes Mali.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Kayes.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134441200|cercle de Sadiola]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134488592|Cercle d'Aourou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134604407|cercle de Diamou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135423743|cercle de Ségala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135423755|cercle de Ambidédi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136981415|Cercle de Oussoubidiagna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q319858|Abeïbara Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''
| {{Coord|19.666667|2.25|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Abeïbara.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q668196|Kidal Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''
| {{Coord|18.5|1.416667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Kidal.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Kidal.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2064111|Tin-Essako Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''
| {{Coord|18.583333|3.083333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Essouk.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2064157|Tessalit Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''
| {{Coord|20|0.166667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Aguel 48.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Tessalit.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136980408|Cercle de Achibogho]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136980490|Timétrine (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136980581|Cercle de Aguel-Hoc]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136980669|Cercle de Takalote]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136980769|Anefi cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135392040|Cercle de Sagabari]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q131447789|Kita Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135413128|cercle de Toukoto]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q131447789|Kita Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q630815|Koulikoro Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.083333|-7.333333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Niger river at Koulikoro.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Koulikoro.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q806073|Banamba Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.75|-7.333333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Banamba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.5|-8.333333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Kati.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q939091|Kangaba Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.916667|-8.583333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Entrance to Kangaba.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Kangaba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1227118|Dioïla Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131468014|Dioila Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.49|-6.789|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.33043|-6.79164|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Express Stop.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Dioïla.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1538165|Kolokani Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.75|-8.166667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Kolokani.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1814964|Nara Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131467708|Nara Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.168461|-7.290153|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nara Mali concert 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Nara.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132778219|Nyamina (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132860302|Siby (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132862557|Néguéla circle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q131522025|Koutiala Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.333333|-5.583333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Koutiala.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139898675|Konséguéla (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q131522025|Koutiala Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.916667|-4.583333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Digue à Djenné.png|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Djenné.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.416667|-3.666667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bandiagara2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Bandiagara.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q806721|Bankass Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.666667|-3.666667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:BankassMali.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Bankass.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.083333|-2.666667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Douentza.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.666667|-4.083333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mopti1.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Mopti.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1816412|Youwarou Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.416667|-4.5|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Youwarou.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2064101|Ténenkou Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.666667|-5|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Ténenkou.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131441571|Konna (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140193398|Sofara (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140195152|Toguéré-Coumbé (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140228929|Korientzé (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55747176|Bamako]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1816396|Ménaka Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q3455550|Ménaka Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.583333|2.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61439225|Andéramboukane Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q3455550|Ménaka Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.416|-7.597|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Bougouni.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q912845|Kadiolo Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.633333|-5.833333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Kadiolo.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.5|-5.916667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sikasso marche tomat 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Sikasso.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1537725|Kolondieba Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.916667|-6.75|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Kolondieba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1537735|Yorosso Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.333333|-4.75|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Yorosso.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139748|Macina Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.916667|-5.416667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Macina.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Macina.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q808747|Barouéli Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13|-6.666667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.07489|-6.57171|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Barouéli.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.95|-5.75|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Bla.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1816334|Niono Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.75|-6|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Niono.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1816358|Tominian Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.25|-4.416667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Tominian.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.3|-4.9|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of San.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.583333|-6.25|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.65956|-6.15029|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Kalabougou1.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Région Ségou.PNG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135829431|Farako cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139898636|Dioro (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140138022|Nampala (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q174455|Timbuktu Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
| {{Coord|20.833333|-3.333333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sahara Desert Tribal Camp.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Tombouctou.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q947057|Niafunké Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.916667|-3.833333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Niafunké.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.256|-3.41|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|16.28017|-3.31302|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Diré.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.417222|-3.666667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Goundam Sonnenaufgang Dächer.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Goundam.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1540214|Gourma-Rharous Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.083333|-1.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gourma Rharous.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Gourma-Rharous.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136980331|Cercle de Tonka]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139902967|Léré (Cercle)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140185426|Ber (Kreis)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
|
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
h5lfz3ul5uhbjcmidm7hb81db6ffgw0
Oníṣe:GerardM/Wards of Tanzania
2
67221
622408
622122
2026-06-15T22:15:02Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622408
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q18691601 }
|section=
|sort=P131
|sort_order=asc
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131993202|Usa River]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Arusha]]
| {{Coord|-3.390833|36.853333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624356|Kiburugwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Dar es Salaam]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.9048|39.251|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624367|Kijichi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Dar es Salaam]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8925|39.2836|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624379|Kilakala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Dar es Salaam]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.869722|39.242778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624624|Mianzini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Dar es Salaam]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.939|39.2663|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330795|Saranga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Dar es Salaam]]<br/>''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.7915|39.1466|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330839|Tungi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Dar es Salaam]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3815143|Kigamboni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8381|39.3208|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120108209|Buza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Dar es Salaam]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8927|39.2409|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55583047|Churuku]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Dodoma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.000556|36.145278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55606987|Chang'ombe Dodoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Dodoma]]
| {{Coord|-6.149711|35.733935|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133835683|Lugalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Iringa]]
| {{Coord|-7.716656|35.957992|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123993|Mazinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Kagera]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123568|Kitongoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Kigoma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9115|29.657933|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615795|Kagerankanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Kigoma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.718631|30.60775|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q654318|Kilwa Kivinje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Lindi]]
| {{Coord|-8.747778|39.413333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Kilwa Kivinje.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124267|Msinjahili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Lindi]]<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.0016|39.7157|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124428|Nambilanje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Lindi]]
| {{Coord|-9.777778|39.081389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619751|Mangirikiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Lindi]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.874167|37.783333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124991|Terrat]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Manyara]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.887494|36.595864|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139679032|Katesh]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Manyara]]
| {{Coord|-4.530137|35.386319|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139885052|Mirerani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Manyara]]
| {{Coord|-3.554985|36.982952|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622735|Nyasho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Mara]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.509444|33.803889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138474292|Mugumu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Mara]]
| {{Coord|-1.841338|34.666378|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138654722|Makoko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Mara]]
| {{Coord|-1.497771|33.779494|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138752110|Butiama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Mara]]
| {{Coord|-1.766877|33.964287|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138800900|Kyangasaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Mara]]
| {{Coord|-1.25852|33.88973|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122616|Berega]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Morogoro]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613732|Chanzuru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Morogoro]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97255558|Mindu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Morogoro]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123282|Katwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Mwanza]]<br/>''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122751|Chachani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pemba Gúúsù]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.244097|39.768193|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124499|Ngombeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pemba Gúúsù]]<br/>''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125176|Vitongoji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pemba Gúúsù]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.222403|39.825574|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123581|Kiuyu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pemba Àríwá]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123842|Magindu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
| {{Coord|-6.8|38.316667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613137|Bokomnemela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
| {{Coord|-6.879722|38.921667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614095|Dimani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614177|Dutumi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
| {{Coord|-6.871667|38.571944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614486|Gwata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
| {{Coord|-7.116667|38.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617261|Kilangalanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
| {{Coord|-6.741944|38.698611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619660|Mandera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
| {{Coord|-6.2142|38.3771|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620918|Mjawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
| {{Coord|-7.564444|39.111944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621040|Mlanzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621302|Mtawanya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
| {{Coord|-7.585|38.924722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622286|Ngarambe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622864|Pera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Pwani]]
| {{Coord|-6.6448|38.434|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123278|Katumba (Mpanda)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Rukwa]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123601|Kizwite]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Rukwa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.983613|31.62906|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123995|Mazwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Rukwa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.964468|31.609415|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124066|Milanzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Rukwa]]
| {{Coord|-8.038135|31.628976|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124546|Ntendo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Rukwa]]
| {{Coord|-7.899999|31.533276|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124699|Pito (Sumbawanga MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Rukwa]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616426|Katandala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Rukwa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.961433|31.62253|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622813|Old Sumbawanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Rukwa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.933807|31.581522|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331271|Mollo (Sumbawanga MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Rukwa]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136433288|Kanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Rukwa]]
| {{Coord|-8.271028|31.625765|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136440623|Matanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Rukwa]]
| {{Coord|-8.036638|31.51324|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6547546|Lilambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.683056|35.549167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122972|Gumbiro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107566210|Madaba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.207053|35.670202|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123472|Kingerikiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.237022|34.970489|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123547|Kitanda (Namtumbo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123573|Kitura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.92669|34.78378|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123694|Langiro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.981631|34.757159|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123716|Ligera (Namtumbo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.952994|36.079741|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123723|Liparamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.344236|35.203481|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123726|Lipingo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.154593|34.765653|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123729|Lituhi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.549555|34.622737|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123735|Litisha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.648734|35.377282|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123751|Luegu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.536655|36.015699|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123833|Magagula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.839711|35.284843|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123838|Magazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.613529|36.592733|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123850|Maguu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.037844|34.800267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123971|Matiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.7637|34.838486|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123999|Mbaha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.684296|34.67221|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124017|Mbuji (Mbinga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.022411|34.885145|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124043|Mfaranyaki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.67739|35.638179|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124046|Mgombasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.228849|36.056694|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124085|Misufini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.672927|35.644059|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124132|Mkongo (Namtumbo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.59345|36.054112|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124167|Mletele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.633347|35.703695|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124239|Mpitimbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.818409|35.54421|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124260|Mshangano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.609596|35.653034|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124263|Msindo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124327|Muhukuru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.319044|35.412631|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124465|Ndongosi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.108122|35.679796|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124493|Ngima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.919255|34.850156|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124793|Ruhuwiko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.672722|35.592764|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124806|Rwinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.465095|36.187882|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124807|Ruvuma (Songea MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.697527|35.63321|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124938|Subira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.7194|35.59404|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125091|Ukata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.837156|34.786585|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613928|Chiwanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.4672|34.9513|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617010|Kihagara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.015876|34.665613|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617038|Kihangi Mahuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617186|Kilagano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.404064|35.293498|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618723|Litumbandyosi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.371237|35.085797|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618746|Lizaboni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.68511|35.615759|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618811|Luchili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.66118|36.08265|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619025|Lusewa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.25541|36.35493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619768|Mapera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.079659|34.812207|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619967|Matarawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.6705|35.63718|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620041|Matimira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.749158|35.840801|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620057|Matogoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.705653|35.703001|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620158|Mbangamao]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.084317|35.048124|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620760|Mikalanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.158005|34.861949|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621348|Mtipwili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.335039|34.919009|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621979|Namabengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.565918|35.865427|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623754|Wino]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107566210|Madaba District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.75985|35.33028|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619193|Kilosa (Nyasa)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.303304|34.857249|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131637532|Lituta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107566210|Madaba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.0858|35.37403|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-10.106084|35.382265|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131762156|Mbamba Bay]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]
| {{Coord|-11.28008|34.80385|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131762234|Liuli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ruvuma]]
| {{Coord|-11.08509|34.69448|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46951485|Solwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Shinyanga]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134581167|Itigi Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Singida]]
| {{Coord|-5.706266|34.49235|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134606114|Rungwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Singida]]
| {{Coord|-7.07799|33.997465|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123071|Ilolangulu (Uyui)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Tabora]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.097984|32.633836|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125074|Ufuluma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Tabora]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.906883|32.350974|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327755|Kilumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Tabora]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.315288|33.753047|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327938|Mkolye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Tabora]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.552349|32.710187|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328511|Nyahua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Tabora]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.416127|33.285885|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122948|Ghana (Unguja)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Zanzibar Àrin/Gúúsù]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124463|Ndijani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Zanzibar Àrin/Gúúsù]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124703|Pongwe (Unguja)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Zanzibar Àrin/Gúúsù]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620373|Mchangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Zanzibar Àrin/Gúúsù]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331090|Bungi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Zanzibar Àrin/Gúúsù]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331224|Marumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Zanzibar Àrin/Gúúsù]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123325|Kianga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Zanzibar Ìlú/Ìwọ̀orùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123380|Kiembe Samaki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Zanzibar Ìlú/Ìwọ̀orùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124297|Mtoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Zanzibar Ìlú/Ìwọ̀orùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.1301|39.2237|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614324|Fuoni Kijitoupele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Zanzibar Ìlú/Ìwọ̀orùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.202778|39.248611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55576621|Bububu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Agbègbè Zanzibar Ìlú/Ìwọ̀orùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.100278|39.226667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.0995|39.2199|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4700721|Akheri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.376389|36.78|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4855125|Bangata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.328611|36.746944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5003677|Bwawani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.564167|36.796667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5998562|Ilkiding'a]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.2725|36.7325|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406220|Kikatiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.389181|36.945122|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406460|Kikwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4326|36.8372|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6410205|Kimnyaki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.309444|36.649167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6410831|King'ori]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.283333|36.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6416846|Kisongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.377601|36.521955|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6518711|Leguruki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.2541|36.9354|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6634647|Poli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.333333|36.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6739511|Makiba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.5211|36.9552|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6772388|Maroroni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4349|36.9391|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6786716|Mateves]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.45|36.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799799|Mbuguni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.566667|36.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885678|Mlangarini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.433611|36.768333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6916254|Moshono]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3995|36.7407|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944664|Mwandeti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6983860|Nduruma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.491111|36.812222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7022069|Ngarenanyuki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.1523|36.7973|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042588|Nkoaranga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.333333|36.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088240|Oljoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.571111|36.66|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088247|Olkokola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.226389|36.625|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088777|Oltrumet]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.302222|36.613889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192976|Moivo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193000|Nkoanrua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.35|36.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193018|Sokoni II]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.339722|36.735889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193034|Seela Sing'isi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3732|36.8062|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193831|Nkoarisambu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3356|36.7775|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193839|Songoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3256|36.8283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8216045|Murieti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1111188|Arumeru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414842|Kiranyi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625067|Arusha Rural District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.355556|36.6825|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6939897|Mussa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625067|Arusha Rural District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3307|36.5139|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7085713|Oldonyosambu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625067|Arusha Rural District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.116944|36.736667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088780|Oltroto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625067|Arusha Rural District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.342|36.7089|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619095|Olmotonyi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625067|Arusha Rural District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3138|36.6399|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619096|Olorieni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625067|Arusha Rural District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.316667|36.633056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619098|Sambasha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625067|Arusha Rural District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.293278|36.673417|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130331948|Tarakwa]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q20625067|Arusha Rural District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130348751|Kiutu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625067|Arusha Rural District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5222058|Daraja Mbili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.383056|36.69|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5359448|Elerai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3683|36.6593|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5378757|Engutoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.429057|36.70942|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-3.443611|36.709722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6354230|Kaloleni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.362222|36.6875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6377341|Kati, Arusha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3738|36.6886|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6409734|Kimandolu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.367778|36.716111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6521027|Lemara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.415278|36.698056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6535773|Levolosi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3685|36.6827|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6556198|Terrat]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.866667|36.6|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-3.489444|36.680278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7022073|Ngarenaro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3693|36.6756|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088507|Oloirien]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.388889|36.714722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193046|Themi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.516667|36.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193853|Sekei, Arusha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3698|36.6943|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193860|Unga Limited]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.378672|36.6777|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193870|Baraa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.376389|36.736944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193883|Sombetini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.38665|36.6674|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7555299|Sokoni I]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.406667|36.678333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619094|Olasiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4085|36.6439|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q129261587|Moivaro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q129571737|Olmoti (Bezirk)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q129848501|Sakina (Arusha)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130210774|Osunyai Jr]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130213333|Sinoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130307626|Oldonyowass]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.1724|36.64747|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130312663|Lemanyata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130312835|Laroi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130332178|Ilboru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559662|Arusha Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4941814|Bonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.348611|35.736944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7523366|Singe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.264633|35.748618|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124903|Sigino]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.215556|35.660278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17074490|Endakiso]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.210375|35.887588|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62340275|Nar]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.186671|35.402907|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185553|Bagara (Babati TC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.235971|35.719517|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185555|Mutuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.166726|35.818483|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185557|Maisaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.140771|35.744735|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330386|Baoy]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.383333|35.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138974266|Kisangaji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.91291|35.744741|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139340971|Secheda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139351854|Qameyu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.190566|35.482785|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4795958|Arri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.228056|35.606111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4866896|Bashnet]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.244444|35.420833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5207485|Dabil]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.323056|35.4325|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5222492|Dareda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.216667|35.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5316789|Duru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.322222|35.595|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5518876|Gallapo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.281944|35.852778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5559493|Gidas]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.421389|35.676944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944607|Mwada]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-3.883333|35.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123519|Kiru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15195819|Babati District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.116667|35.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123909|Mamire]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.156944|35.841667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124525|Nkaiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-3.745833|35.927778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124720|Qash]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.348889|36.055833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125070|Ufana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.25|35.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15243538|Madunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.15|35.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618776|Ayasanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.36|35.706389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125821172|Ayalagaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25618771|Babati Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-4.220912|35.554198|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4837542|Babati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q28449386|Babati Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.21|35.749167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185548|Nangara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q28449386|Babati Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.245948|35.798862|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139383023|Bonga (Babati TC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q28449386|Babati Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.344352|35.736229|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122865|Dunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q371392|Bagamoyo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123844|Magomeni (Bagamoyo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q371392|Bagamoyo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125276|Zinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q371392|Bagamoyo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614303|Fukayosi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q371392|Bagamoyo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616552|Kerege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q371392|Bagamoyo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617897|Kiromo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q371392|Bagamoyo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327780|Kisutu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q371392|Bagamoyo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327860|Makurunge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q371392|Bagamoyo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327862|Mapinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q371392|Bagamoyo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328505|Nia Njema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q371392|Bagamoyo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331361|Yombo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q371392|Bagamoyo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4842549|Bahi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.983333|35.316667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5068747|Chali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.262222|35.263056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5095329|Chibelela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.391389|35.677222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5097480|Chikola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.049551|34.829513|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5101576|Chipanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.262458|35.368836|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5998283|Ilindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.016667|35.566667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6405990|Kigwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.1|35.483333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6480978|Lamaiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.789429|35.487287|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6738694|Makanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.7116|35.3558|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6928196|Mpalanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.284839|35.511298|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6928205|Mpamantwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.999936|35.384134|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6935780|Mundemu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.916667|35.683333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944747|Mwitikira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.505224|35.678864|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7049269|Nondwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.4|39.433333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8066238|Zanka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.83333|35.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10996882|Ibugule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.391684|35.515882|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11207863|Mtitaa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.439885|35.594979|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619317|Msisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2752|35.1732|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q122333287|Chifutuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.5975|35.3344|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q122335233|Mpinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.1513|35.5032|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123061|Ikungulyabashashi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123266|Kasoli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124355|Mwadobana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124388|Mwaubingi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124532|Nkololo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124561|Nyakabindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124838|Sapiwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613480|Bunamhala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.89|34.044167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614197|Dutwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.51136|33.95189|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622978|Sakwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.7652|33.8584|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623205|Somanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618833|Gambosi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618834|Kilalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618835|Ngulyati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618836|Guduwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618837|Nkindwabiye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618838|Mwaumatondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618839|Gilya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618842|Nyangokolwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619280|Isanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619285|Matongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381337|Malambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381685|Mhango]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381687|Sima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15196747|Bariadi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124553|Nyabusozi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.841842|31.456602|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124581|Nyamigogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.793758|31.646471|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124785|Runazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.794514|31.405404|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615935|Kalenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.151337|31.067301|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622714|Nyarubungo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.605926|31.377116|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618615|Bisibo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.6975|31.2125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618617|Kaniha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.202378|31.348455|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618618|Nyamahanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.736749|31.32811|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618619|Nyantakara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.196061|31.360547|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618620|Ruziba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.408657|31.26289|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55571553|Biharamulo Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.653333|31.311389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62625718|Nemba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.019719|31.407611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62629558|Kabindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.783444|31.499031|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62629625|Lusahunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.910462|31.199858|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62629666|Nyakahura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.816729|30.993462|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137478452|Katahoka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.734863|31.394694|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137582356|Nyanza (Biharamulo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49101330|Biharamulo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.083522|31.178369|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122697|Bupandwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.3925|32.190833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123205|Kalebezo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.514289|32.354125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123755|Lugata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.326248|32.441369|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124565|Nyakasungwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.528495|32.478514|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124568|Nyakasasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.385812|32.48434|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124595|Nyanzenda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.603885|32.47863|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615749|Kafunzo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.464097|32.192476|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616499|Kazunzu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.334964|32.307034|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619303|Maisome (Bezirk)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.316713|32.043876|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622753|Nyehunge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.528183|32.296|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618934|Bulyaheke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.297778|32.276944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618936|Irenza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.433806|32.32824|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619286|Katwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021084|Nyakaliro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.49514|32.42635|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138018668|Bangwe (Buchosa)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138034795|Iligamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.350112|32.201949|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138034894|Bugoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.34321|32.42529|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138035262|Buhama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138035462|Kasisa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.49318|32.512025|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138040708|Luharanyonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.455936|32.310708|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138081646|Bukokwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65326186|Buchosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.498419|32.437381|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123131|Janda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.591482|29.889102|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123202|Kajana (Buhigwe DC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.44|30.318|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123429|Kilelema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.19681|30.096121|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124335|Munyegera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.445446|30.037115|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124347|Muyama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.340152|30.088628|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124586|Nyamugali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.44|30.318|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613212|Buhigwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.501213|29.89118|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621407|Munanila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.440792|29.790769|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622927|Rusaba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.621006|29.793615|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624747|Muhinda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.538094|29.806304|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618767|Biharu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.44|30.318|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618768|Mwayaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.476289|29.83693|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618770|Munzeze]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.723306|29.872858|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55606102|Q55606102]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.44|30.318|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55615970|Kibande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.383597|29.900342|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55624050|Mugera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.252159|30.12902|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136654535|Bukuba]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136691563|Mkatanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136691886|Kibwigwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136692422|Mubanga (Buhigwe)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.565957|29.819616|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136692469|Kinazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104041|Buhigwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.657771|29.829797|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122681|Bujugo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.396944|31.704722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123026|Ibwera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.488306|31.634375|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123180|Kaagya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.164092|31.854342|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123193|Kaibanja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123239|Kanyangereko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.450218|31.78461|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123246|Karabagaine]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.343323|31.755447|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123273|Katerero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.4|31.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123419|Kikomelo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.630864|31.529373|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123950|Maruku]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.404978|31.782956|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124064|Mikoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.553517|31.581703|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124572|Nyakibimbili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.442943|31.606565|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124574|Nyakato]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.24835|31.82771|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124774|Rubafu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.054722|31.837778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124775|Rubale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.602102|31.52088|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124787|Ruhunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.490361|31.434988|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613200|Behendangabo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.209167|31.8075|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615500|Izimbya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.558223|31.462273|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616293|Kasharu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.339873|31.636422|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616453|Katoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618075|Kishanje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.104551|31.812425|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618626|Butelankuzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.527222|31.541111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618627|Kishogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.386443|31.632795|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618628|Kemondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.47384|31.745188|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618629|Butulage]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.558056|31.4275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618630|Kyamulaile]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.39529|31.429991|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618632|Mugajwale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.489605|31.459398|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62584723|Rukoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.663315|31.481222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62668406|Katoma (Bukoba)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.304148|31.753187|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137391621|Kyaitoke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741620|Bukoba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122625|Bilele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.333036|31.812825|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122675|Buhembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.282142|31.810794|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122994|Hamugembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.330407|31.807265|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123056|Ijuganyondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.370929|31.790054|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123183|Kagondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.326248|31.78213|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123338|Kibeta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.334333|31.790904|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123560|Kitendaguro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.357756|31.800757|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124543|Nshambya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.31095|31.804516|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124591|Nyanga (Bukoba MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613074|Bakoba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.353056|31.811667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615863|Kahororo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.303245|31.842248|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616267|Kashai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.319916|31.820022|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620673|Miembeni (Bukoba MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.334737|31.820975|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622966|Rwamishenye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10741622|Bukoba Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.322647|31.795453|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615476|Iyogelo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.5281|31.9936|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623516|Uyovu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618903|Bugelenga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.646944|32.009444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618904|Igulwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4673|31.902|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618905|Busonzo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.221389|31.655278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618906|Butinzya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.359444|31.91|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618907|Runzewe Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.39138|31.63291|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618908|Runzewe Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.366|31.5556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618909|Namonge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3954|31.4531|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618910|Ng'anzo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3571|31.8076|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618912|Lyambamgongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4928|31.9821|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62666572|Bukombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.5186|32.0488|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62666654|Ushirombo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4987002|Bukombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.469|31.8978|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124047|Mgwashi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7698|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124240|Mponde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9156|38.4158|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124932|Soni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.846|38.3673|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125179|Vuga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9048|38.345|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620301|Mbuzii]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8569|38.3424|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619013|Dule "B"]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619022|Milingano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.72057|38.59861|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619023|Nkongoi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62228491|Funta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9086|38.456|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11202023|Kibara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12354820|Salama (Bunda)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.58|33.632778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122720|Butimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123016|Hunyari]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.986047|34.081827|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123045|Igundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.072582|33.359316|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123082|Iramba (Bunda)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123179|Kabasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123541|Kisorya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.110162|33.224736|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124319|Mugeta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.020058|34.219898|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124476|Neruma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.127895|33.500234|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125200|Wariku]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.919011|33.792635|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618419|Kunzugu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.067489|33.932353|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620401|Mcharo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.019397|33.945415|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620733|Mihingo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.852266|34.19433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622019|Namhula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.053706|33.471978|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622204|Nansimo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622624|Nyamuswa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.902946|34.017363|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618825|Bunda Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.014167|33.878333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618826|Bunda Stoo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.053611|33.837222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618827|Kasuguti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.090074|33.590563|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618828|Chitengule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.108056|33.421944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618829|Ketare]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618830|Nampindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.067182|33.25751|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618831|Nyamang'uta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.946121|34.003821|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618832|Nyasura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62585142|Balili (Bunda)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.048226|33.876166|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62585158|Guta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138659734|Ketare (Bunda)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.855817|34.054853|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138706540|Nyamihyoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888276|Bunda District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623006|Sazira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111549313|Bunda Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.012048|33.905676|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138744712|Nyamakokoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111549313|Bunda Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.035145|33.871789|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138747836|Kabarimu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111549313|Bunda Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.018642|33.87459|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138748537|Manyamanyama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111549313|Bunda Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.977648|33.859852|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122593|Badugu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.447222|33.688889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124142|Mkula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124576|Nyaluhande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614720|Igalukilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615911|Kalemela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621691|Mwamanyili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622295|Ngasamo (Berg)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623081|Shigala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24910293|Lamadi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618863|Lutubiga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619281|Kiloleli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381335|Malili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381689|Kabita]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13122699|Busega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6344457|Kabula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.266667|33.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6356302|Kambasegela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.396064|33.817147|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6704665|Lupata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.3|33.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6705416|Luteba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.083333|33.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6706961|Lwangwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.233333|33.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6928297|Mpombo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.190603|33.769012|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123094|Isange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.166667|33.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123105|Itete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.112099|33.488935|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123526|Kisegese]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.407692|33.893126|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124773|Rufiryo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.290466|33.900202|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330689|Mpata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330743|Ntaba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31752221|Busokelo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4833509|Butiama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.766667|33.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122674|Buhemba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.764581|34.079391|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122683|Bukabwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.580833|33.964444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122703|Buruma (Butiama)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.678889|33.838889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122716|Butuguri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.660278|33.947222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122733|Bwiregi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.593889|34.064167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123642|Kukirango]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.766673|33.861161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124583|Nyamimange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.661359|34.119505|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124596|Nyankanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.588701|33.90343|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613590|Buswahili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.584722|34.208056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618598|Kyanyari]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.84634|33.834304|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621431|Muriaza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.693542|34.019834|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618917|Bisumwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.594167|33.814722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618919|Busegwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.705278|33.929722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618921|Sirorisimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.719596|34.189925|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62585088|Mirwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.796765|34.140055|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62585218|Masaba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.885844|33.949524|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138763018|Kamugegi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625076|Butiama District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.724238|33.772503|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122791|Chonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.30608|39.73906|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123435|Kilindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2714|39.71063|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124044|Mgelema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.29951|39.71079|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124449|Ndagoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.217883|39.717263|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124485|Ng'ambwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.217965|39.775979|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124711|Pujini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.29441|39.8099|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125001|Tibirinzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.237585|39.762071|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125147|Uwandani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.199639|39.825574|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125199|Wara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.237092|39.780068|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125206|Wesha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.225854|39.727947|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125283|Ziwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.175397|39.769611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613716|Chanjaani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.264167|39.770278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618497|Kwale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.201365|39.771747|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619946|Matale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.30246|39.77144|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620589|Mgogoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.256691|39.786313|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621544|Mvumoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.261868|39.817541|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623139|Shungi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2765|39.74679|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752475|Mjini Ole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.17723|39.82966|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878183|Wawi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.239167|39.798611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-5.240215|39.798476|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878196|Kibokoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.243769|39.82882|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878197|Kichungwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.248186|39.765522|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878198|Madungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.250363|39.772836|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878206|Mfikiwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.27436|39.79543|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878207|Michungwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.208268|39.756709|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878208|Mkoroshoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.228792|39.776945|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878209|Msingini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.242618|39.771316|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878235|Dodo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.31265|39.79922|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104517821|Mbuzini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.192728|39.784556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123587|Kiwangwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124077|Miono]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124103|Mkange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.229|38.7101|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124255|Msata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.3362|38.385|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124968|Talawanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.4933|38.4659|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125165|Vigwaza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616624|Kibindu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617667|Kimange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618850|Lugoba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620340|Mbwewe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623375|Ubenazomozi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619155|Bwilingu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566209|Chalinze District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.629722|38.276667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4986369|Buigiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.133333|36.033333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.123333|36.063056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5507243|Fufu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.69042|35.976805|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5647777|Haneti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.483333|35.883333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5951551|Huzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.7|35.366667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5988746|Idifu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.433333|35.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5991465|Igandu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.333333|36|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5996209|Ikowa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.233333|36.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6094764|Itiso]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.633333|36.016667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6747208|Manchali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.14782|36.196329|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6747690|Manda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.45327|34.592235|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6753465|Manzase]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.609568|35.928348|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885745|Mlowa Bwawani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.607948|35.821781|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6928349|Mpwayungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.715966|35.568816|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930117|Msamalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.266667|36.016667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930122|Msanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.273487|38.765481|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944598|Mvumi Makulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.35|35.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944601|Mvumi Mission]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.386125|35.902891|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7022314|Nghambaku]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.017921|35.703436|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7446192|Segala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.583333|36.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10963086|Makang'wa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.487326|35.838057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11203452|Majeleko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.082667|36.192465|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11205057|Muungano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.760059|36.548946|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11205930|Chinugulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.887778|35.431667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619068|Chiboli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.891944|35.835|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619069|Nhinhi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619070|Iringa Mvumi Zamani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619072|Zajilwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619311|Membe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62222569|Loje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122688|Bukome]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.786389|31.748611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122704|Buseresere]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.0051|31.9191|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122726|Bwanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.0303|31.76|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122736|Bwera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.991|31.6811|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122762|Chato]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123034|Ichwankima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.6089|31.5587|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123181|Kachwamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.657|31.5771|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123393|Kigongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123889|Makurugusi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124320|Muganza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124582|Nyamirembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613602|Buziku]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.0675|31.579722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615028|Ilemela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.6262|31.658|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618911|Butengorumasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.051667|31.863889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618913|Iparamasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.1575|31.8882|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618914|Ilyamchele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.7421|31.6152|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618915|Bwina]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.619167|31.811389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618916|Bwongera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.380278|31.678056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618918|Nyarutembo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619282|Muungano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62622258|Kasenga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62622314|Katende]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087753|Chato District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5070928|Chandama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.15|36.166667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-5.161389|36.169722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5090328|Chemba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.305556|35.949444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5210182|Dalai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.97455|35.99988|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5435392|Farkwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4|35.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5577652|Goima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1|36.016667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6153996|Jangalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.016667|36.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6450118|Kwamtoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.225302|35.4249|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6480606|Lalta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.166667|35.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6739898|Makorongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.483333|35.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6898734|Mondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.006622|35.935592|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6929581|Mrijo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.166667|36.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7113203|Ovada]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.183333|35.233333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7135488|Paranga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.178447|35.863154|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11204110|Mpendo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.569762|35.324764|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11207969|Gwandi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.44822|36.03896|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619080|Kimaha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3275|36.139722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619318|Msaada]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.338611|36.246389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619320|Songoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625088|Chemba District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.127904|36.113106|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5068569|Chalangwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.639722|33.563056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5104189|Chokaa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.384722|33.455278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5519393|Galula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.646|33.005|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5991350|Ifumbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.697863|33.29609|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6094449|Itewe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.892495|33.605076|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6356339|Kambikatoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.232246|33.49722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6366410|Kapalala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.033333|32.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6704652|Lupa Tingatinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.023915|33.266703|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6706132|Luwalaje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.911636|33.549748|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6729536|Mafyeko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.507698|33.504978|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745482|Mamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.185091|33.175577|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6792044|Matwiga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.767552|33.264439|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799794|Mbugani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.007437|32.790808|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799830|Mbuyuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.524|33.003|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885537|Mkwajuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.4238|33.029|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6961930|Namkukwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.571|32.718|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7023164|Ngwala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.475|32.779|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7828417|Totowe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.529|32.852|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10995314|Makongolosi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.415319|33.162017|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10996752|Mtanila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.93204|33.316107|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616097|Kanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23704230|Gua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619145|Ifwenkenya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619146|Matundasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619148|Sangambi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63625718|Mkola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63625728|Mbangala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63626712|Magamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63627132|Saza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.3834|32.9974|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330718|Mwambani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.50225|33.06892|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125498198|Kasanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125506106|Upendo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125510126|Nkung'ungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888356|Chunya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6418857|Kiwanja cha Ndege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.161651|35.750415|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123857|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.176533|35.738591|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619002|Nkuhungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.145638|35.720498|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55613882|Hombolo Bwawani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.9427|35.97161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55622475|Matumbulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.316667|35.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q280429|Iringa Mvumi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710536|Dodoma Rural District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.483333|35.933333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4837567|Babayu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710536|Dodoma Rural District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24730335|Bahi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.633333|35.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5099167|Chilonwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710536|Dodoma Rural District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.033333|36.133333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.020556|36.1375|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5207407|Dabalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710536|Dodoma Rural District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20625082|Chamwino District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.782778|36.144722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6814199|Membe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710536|Dodoma Rural District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.148576|39.409975|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5070267|Chamwino]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.161111|35.7375|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5097267|Chihanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.926111|35.858611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406347|Kikombo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.334207|36.499356|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406449|Kikuyu North]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406938|Kilimani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.200795|35.743364|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6740492|Makutupora]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.994915|35.748819|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6884535|Miyuji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.125359|35.761093|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6928337|Mpunguzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.396771|35.745767|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930502|Mtumba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.145818|35.94232|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6960769|Nala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.091367|35.638921|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7021723|Ng'ong'ona]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7071353|Nzuguni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.117035|35.851985|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7878028|Uhuru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.176294|35.743831|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7937958|Viwandani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.1736|35.7475|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8075495|Zuzu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.172772|35.70311|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122843|Dodoma Makulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.17501|35.80362|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123427|Kikuyu South]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123604|Kizota]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.146531|35.70226|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123879|Makole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.164516|35.762664|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123997|Mbabala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.290027|35.621687|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124002|Mbalawala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.016667|35.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124250|Msalato]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.06748|35.754232|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124971|Tambukareli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.658289|33.442819|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15632411|Hazina]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.18196|35.75486|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618483|Ipagala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.134563|35.77748|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619071|Chahwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.05|35.983333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.076111|35.946667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619073|Chigongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.039722|35.535|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619074|Kikuyu Kaskazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.194067|35.723205|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619075|Mnadani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.127988|35.732643|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619076|Kikuyu Kusini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.205601|35.730888|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619077|Nghong'onha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.244122|35.834748|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619078|Ntyuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.22288|35.75634|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619315|Chang'ombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619316|Iyumbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46947788|Dodoma Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710545|Dodoma City District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.201536|35.840313|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5066889|Chagongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.403889|36.892778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5517346|Gairo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.142778|36.869444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6740044|Makowo, Morogoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.366162|37.000105|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6747940|Mandege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.35|36.925|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7375918|Rubeho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.257778|36.865278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122757|Chanjale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.501111|36.819167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123119|Iyogwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123335|Kibedya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613654|Chakwale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.017222|36.988889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619097|Idibo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619100|Nongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619101|Msingisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5517347|Gairo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122685|Bukondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122706|Busanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.009444|32.084722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123052|Ihanamilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123182|Kagu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123206|Kalangalala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123212|Kamhanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123258|Kaseme]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123259|Kasamwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123272|Katoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123277|Katoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123742|Lubanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123781|Lwamgasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124273|Mtakuja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124557|Nyachiluluma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124562|Nyakagomba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124569|Nyakamwaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613392|Bulela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.884444|32.521389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613834|Chigunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.811111|31.994444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622376|Nkome]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622486|Nyamalimbe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623018|Senga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.863914|31.6323|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624844|Nzera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618887|Bujula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.153333|32.396111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618888|Bugulula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.714444|32.170833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618889|Bung'wangoko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.780278|32.364722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618890|Bugalama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.715278|32.243333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618891|Butobela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.246667|32.375833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618892|Isulwabutundwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618893|Kakubilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618894|Lwezera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618895|Nyamigota]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618896|Nyanguku]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62623934|Bukoli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62624062|Kamena]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62624674|Nyarugusu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97253492|Buhalahala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97253518|Butundwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97254375|Izumacheli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97254515|Kanyala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97255012|Ludete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97255111|Magenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97255277|Mgusu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97256570|Nyalwanzaja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97256592|Nyamboge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97256605|Nyamwilolelwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97487742|Nyankumbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97487743|Nyaruyeye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97487744|Nyawilimilwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97487755|Shilole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1884330|Geita District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5638940|Hai Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3353|37.1465|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6723401|Machame Kusini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3274|37.2685|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6723405|Machame Kaskazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.2|37.233056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6723406|Machame Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.0525|37.2622|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6723409|Machame Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.2082|37.2636|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6723413|Machame Uroki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.2307|37.2049|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6782512|Masama Kusini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3137|37.1936|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6782514|Masama Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.233056|37.183056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6782515|Masama Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.2167|37.1421|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6782518|Masama Rundugai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4386|37.231111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7513379|Siha Kaskazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7513383|Siha Kati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7513385|Siha Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7513389|Siha Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124344|Muungano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619137|Machame Narumu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.27079|37.24641|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619138|Machame Weruweru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619140|Masama Kati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.2233|37.1645|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619349|Kia]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4484|37.0945|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124407123|Bomang'ombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.33444|37.13846|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124407131|Mnadani (Hai)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124407133|Bondeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124409603|Muungano (Hai)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131378946|Romu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364658|Hai District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122595|Balangidalalu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.659444|35.306944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122873|Endasak]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122940|Gehandu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.587778|35.173056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122943|Gendabi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.428341|35.34691|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122946|Getanuwas]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.39781|34.962535|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123583|Kiva]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124911|Simbay]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.556249|35.566195|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124914|Sirop]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.590495|35.630863|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613116|Bassodesh]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.291944|35.136389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613126|Bassotu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.387778|35.105|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614387|Ganana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.514764|35.384954|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614410|Gidahababieg]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.47428|35.5627|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614427|Gisambalang]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.789773|35.478927|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614445|Gitting]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.41073|35.452465|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614552|Hidet]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.50546|35.522833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614576|Hirbadaw]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.336051|34.910886|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618684|Laghanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.50635|35.081462|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619890|Masakta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.304323|35.555418|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620545|Measkron]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.461645|35.480481|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621135|Mogitu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.502145|35.251866|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622164|Nangwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.466667|35.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618775|Dirma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618777|Endasiwold]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.401372|35.497729|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62340422|Dirma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.62195|35.46255|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62351533|Masqaroda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.360241|35.550195|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62353896|Lalaji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.746834|35.222042|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139491063|Endagaw]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.409945|35.534943|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139596112|Wareta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.543398|35.466651|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139659747|Dawar (Hanang)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.447237|35.284721|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139662901|Jorodom]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139668944|Dumbeta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.571227|35.390267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139679801|Ishponga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139691419|Garawja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139694791|Mulbadaw]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888301|Hanang District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123669|Kwedizinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123671|Kwaluguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123672|Kwasunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123673|Kwamsisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.6476|38.5572|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123675|Kwamatuku]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124104|Mkata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124850|Segera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125161|Vibaoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4422|38.0314|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616067|Kang'ata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618400|Komkonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620575|Mgambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622246|Ndolwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623186|Sindeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619005|Kwamgwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619006|Kabuku Ndani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.5228|38.4927|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619007|Kwachaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619008|Kwankonje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619290|Mazingara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331139|Kabuku]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.5004|38.4776|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331257|Misima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299071|Handeni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613702|Chanika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.430833|38.003333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619009|Kwediyamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.45|37.983056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619010|Kideleko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4888|38.0129|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619011|Kwamagome]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619012|Kwenjugo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619014|Mdoe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4248|38.0182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619294|Konje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4096|38.1221|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619295|Malezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619298|Mlimani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4236|38.026103|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381324|Mabanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381329|Msasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49104018|Handeni Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.133056|38.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q939295|Kidatu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111671390|Ifakara Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.7|36.95|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-7.748611|36.998333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123767|Lumelo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111671390|Ifakara Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619151|Michenga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111671390|Ifakara Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619354|Mwaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111671390|Ifakara Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132153363|Ifakara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111671390|Ifakara Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.167778|36.668056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042572|Nkinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.424042|33.439699|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122752|Chabutwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.597778|33.460556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122788|Choma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123046|Igoweko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7447|33.5997|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123048|Igunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123096|Isakamaliwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.0706|34.0421|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123490|Kinungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.9793|33.5504|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124370|Mwamashimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.0644|33.8279|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124387|Mwashiku]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124402|Mwisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.53107|33.4496|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124458|Ndembezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.3|33.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124505|Ngulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.110024|33.488636|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124511|Nguvumoja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.42273|33.85567|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124550|Ntobo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.1354|33.5378|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125275|Ziba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2402|33.4022|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613327|Bukoko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.379722|33.730556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615431|Itumba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5927|33.8496|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615455|Itunduru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.1378|33.6544|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621702|Mwamashiga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.16|33.7465|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622074|Nanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2598|33.6214|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622632|Nyandekwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.24594|33.51179|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623170|Simbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.6537|33.4349|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623263|Sungwizi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4664|33.5169|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618739|Kining'ila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62392032|Mbutu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2382|33.9012|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327533|Chomachankola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.033756|33.356071|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327666|Iborogelo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.233471|33.46338|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327786|Kitangili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.344088|33.470715|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327842|Lugubu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.530539|33.852747|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328426|Mtunguru (Igunga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5152|33.6985|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328436|Mwamakona]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.074246|33.773718|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328439|Mwamala (Igunga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328467|Mwashikumbili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.01469|33.447047|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328654|Tambalale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.627627|33.532884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328712|Ugaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.357651|33.509427|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328743|Uswaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5994471|Igunga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.701551|33.505764|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5994577|Ihanja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.066667|34.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6071851|Irisya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.666667|34.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6871261|Minyughe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.048975|34.452698|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7259762|Puma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5|34.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124049|Mgungira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.965565|34.01892|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124325|Muhintiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.177803|34.584772|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124386|Mwaru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.78403|34.065428|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124913|Siuyu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.916667|34.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618547|Ighombwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.966217|34.227052|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618548|Iyumbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.178087|34.169034|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618549|Dung'unyi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.08617|34.81171|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618550|Kikio]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.984125|35.053404|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618551|Iglansoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.385338|34.431992|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618552|Lighwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.064626|34.904834|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618553|Mang'onyi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.248456|34.935207|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618554|Mtunduru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.828368|34.515859|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618556|Mkiwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.565967|34.671155|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618557|Unyahati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.198432|34.808946|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619214|Kituntu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.978832|34.725845|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62525962|Iseke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134737953|Makilawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.049506|34.474673|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134882239|Makiungu]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134882241|Makiungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7523506|Ikungi District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.966762|34.861284|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1404645|Kariakoo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.82|39.276|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1605004|Kivukoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.810151|39.292023|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1775205|Ukonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.86667|39.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2330371|Buguruni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.828889|39.251944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.829444|39.244167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644077|Kiwalani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.859143|39.229765|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644081|Vingunguti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.83608|39.240074|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644086|Mchikichini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.916667|39.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644090|Kipawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.867489|39.205914|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644098|Upanga East]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.808|39.282|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644101|Gerezani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.818333|39.287418|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644105|Mchafukoge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.821424|39.282587|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644106|Msongola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.966587|39.170275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644108|Kinyerezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.844474|39.162869|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644116|Tabata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.81667|39.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644122|Upanga West]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.803|39.276|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644131|Jangwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.814|39.273|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644136|Kisutu, Dar Es Salaam]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.81684|39.285443|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3644661|Segerea]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.838147|39.219346|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3925484|Pugu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8675|39.17|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6418654|Kitunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.909893|39.208086|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16241131|Chanika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.011454|39.08068|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17043946|Ilala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.83|39.25921|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624168|Gongo la Mboto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624383|Kimanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8271|39.2018|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624460|Majohe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8271|39.2018|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63115794|Kivule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.9335|39.1837|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109917978|Gongolamboto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559728|Ilala District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8823|39.1564|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4998027|Bupigu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.464|33.337|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-9.463889|33.336944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5983573|Ibaba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.4|33.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6095126|Itumba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.4715|33.195|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6346284|Kafule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.545|33.513|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6695069|Lubanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.363|33.465|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6705345|Luswisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.356|33.542|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6741266|Malangali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.549|33.461|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799655|Mbebe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.325|32.962|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7022698|Ngulugulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.434|33.561|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7417906|Sange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.411|33.492|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10995923|Isongole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10996310|Italé]]''
| Ìletò ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10997741|Ngulilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.249|33.445|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752306|Kalembo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330686|Mlale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331103|Chitete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.4037|33.0677|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q67380409|Ndola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997501|Ileje District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10604327|Nyakato]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.524808|32.945173|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122718|Buswelu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.5175|32.996667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123553|Kitangiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.484705|32.889161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124675|Pasiansi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.479868|32.911058|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124837|Sangabuye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.383889|33.042222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613173|Bugogwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.432222|32.977778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622504|Nyamanoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.492412|32.908371|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799856|Buzuruga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.531111|32.940833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799859|Ilemela Ward]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.473611|32.911667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799863|Ibungilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.489638|32.90568|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799864|Kawekamo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.466986|32.928417|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799882|Kahama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.493611|32.988889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799884|Kayenze]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.392696|33.078523|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799887|Kirumba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.501548|32.892663|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799889|Mecco]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.516516|32.917634|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799893|Nyamongoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.533187|33.003785|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799895|Nyasaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.5|32.933333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799899|Shibula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.446945|32.968106|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799901|Kiseke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.474544|32.935252|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63626816|Ilemela (Bezirk)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5997545|Ilemela District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.453427|32.91087|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6374101|Kaselya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.687769|34.504827|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6404597|Kidaru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.1|34.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6410366|Kinmpanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4|34.516667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6416735|Kisiriri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2|34.433333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6450906|Kyengege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.437447|34.478249|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799664|Mbelekese]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.633333|34.366667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930423|Mtekente]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.55|34.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930473|Mtoa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.528323|34.185769|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6983666|Ndago]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.6|34.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7067670|Ntwike]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.25|34.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7494040|Shelui]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.366667|34.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7852435|Tulya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.12136|34.334647|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7901415|Urughu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.655296|34.190198|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617758|Kinyangili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624637|Misigiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746306|Ndulungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.776914|34.372659|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25247545|Mgongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.333333|34.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134126507|Old-Kiomboi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134329075|Maluga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.510561|34.517552|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134330599|Mukulu]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q6066646|Iramba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q280530|Maboga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.967474|35.265723|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3791860|Idodi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.783333|35.183333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3802512|Isimila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.77|35.69|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5991355|Ifunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.047523|35.468287|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6001003|Ilolo Mpya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.453364|35.479455|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6095157|Itunundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.333333|35.516667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6101781|Izazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.2|35.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6352119|Kalenga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.8|35.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406033|Kihorogota]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.44744|35.822441|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6418866|Kiwere]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.644394|35.602043|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6703454|Lumuli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.070876|35.377511|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6732528|Magulilwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.9582|35.740919|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6743090|Malengamakali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.291179|36.029323|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6826823|Mgama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.683333|35.233333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885754|Mlowa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.680074|35.37389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930138|Mseke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.920421|35.580804|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6983842|Nduli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.666667|35.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7071347|Nzihi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.716667|35.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7878724|Ulanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.807736|35.568968|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7971310|Wasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.11667|35.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10998054|Mahuninga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.929125|34.978491|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618714|Luhota]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.837943|35.746163|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618715|Malenga Makali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618716|Maguliwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.9588|35.7411|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618717|Mlenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.226914|35.357211|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618718|Lyamgungwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.9753|35.6451|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618719|Nyang'oro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.4225|35.7977|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63164583|Migoli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.149051|35.839601|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133268724|Kihanga (Iringa)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133285311|Masaka (Iringa)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.92374|35.54283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133289501|Kising’a]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.588926|35.763682|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133444736|Mboliboli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888339|Iringa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.337844|35.539896|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5521129|Gangilonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.76636|35.69502|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406017|Kihesa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.746348|35.720174|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885540|Mkwawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.765|35.668|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930153|Mshindo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.533333|35.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123552|Kitanzini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.783752|35.695039|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123576|Kitwiru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.820068|35.663971|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123661|Kwakilosa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.766337|35.656221|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123882|Makorongoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.774779|35.690038|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124096|Mivinjeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.781432|35.689954|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124160|Mlandege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.78436|35.68073|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124314|Mtwivila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.735299|35.707601|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124783|Ruaha (Iringa Urban ward)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.788087|35.720222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15633263|Ilala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.769454|35.687928|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15635286|Mwangata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.764406|35.664291|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618721|Isakalilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.775275|35.632777|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619260|Nduli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.682335|35.739584|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133518821|Mkimbizi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133521641|Igumbilo]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133521646|Igumbilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710991|Iringa Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.783952|35.746926|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7379871|Rungwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566213|Itigi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.937737|33.522505|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123088|Ipande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566213|Itigi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.868444|34.51297|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618558|Kitaraka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566213|Itigi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.80502|34.329599|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618564|Mwamagembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566213|Itigi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.582379|34.149108|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134580995|Tambukareli (Itigi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566213|Itigi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.677687|34.475816|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134599009|Kalangali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566213|Itigi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122775|Chinamili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.858889|34.215556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123466|Kinang'weli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123761|Lugulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124012|Mbita]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124058|Mhunze]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124368|Mwamapalala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124533|Nkoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125271|Zagayu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613440|Bumera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618661|Lagangabilili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621825|Mwaswale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618846|Budalabujiga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.89|34.113333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618848|Ikindilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618849|Nkuyu (Itilima)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618850|Mwalushu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618851|Migato]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618852|Mwamtani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618853|Ndolelezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618854|Nhobora]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618855|Sawida]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618856|Nyamalapa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381347|Sagata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13123113|Itilima District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123903|Malunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.815506|32.597651|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124054|Mhongolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.804619|32.603267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124395|Mwendakulima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.829936|32.683471|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125286|Zongomera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.861426|32.545042|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615145|Isagehe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.907997|32.770499|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617212|Kilago]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.946286|32.58713|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617712|Kinaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.733993|32.65909|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622642|Nyandekwa (Kahama)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.910526|32.50232|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622783|Nyihogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.835929|32.59249|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618663|Kagongwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.875072|32.768046|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618664|Busoka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.757222|32.560833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618665|Kahama Ward]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.831944|32.610278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618666|Iyenze]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.980998|32.665889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618667|Nyahanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.823013|32.569929|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618668|Mhungula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.85423|32.596235|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618669|Ngogwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.783504|32.483333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618670|Wendele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.763227|32.430789|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618672|Nyasubi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.837705|32.618525|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619236|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.817504|32.606861|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619237|Mondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6346802|Kahama Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123470|Kinamapula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10775084|Kahama Rural District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.989884|32.397816|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125093|Ukune]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10775084|Kahama Rural District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.037614|32.510918|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62780631|Mega]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10775084|Kahama Rural District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62780709|Jana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10775084|Kahama Rural District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62780834|Chambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10775084|Kahama Rural District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.206908|32.654761|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62780851|Chona]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10775084|Kahama Rural District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.097124|32.60312|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122976|Gwanumpu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4112|30.7408|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124323|Mugunzu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4991|30.6092|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124324|Muhange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.1335|30.8499|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124554|Nyabibuye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.9854|30.8576|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616237|Kasanda (Kakonko)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3771|30.8771|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622616|Nyamtukuza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.8715|30.9536|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622898|Rugenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.290338|30.812772|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618769|Kiziguzigu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3122|30.9227|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619273|Katanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4602|30.6776|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864619|Kasuga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.259|30.9081|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132041458|Kakonko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.274722|31.045278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136697044|Nyamtukuza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.945162|30.97847|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136698930|Gwarama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136714288|Kanyonza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25104062|Kakonko District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.248163|31.011357|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123275|Katazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.584873|31.81509|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123697|Legezamwendo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123907|Mambwekenya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.841572|31.809109|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124140|Mkowe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.244673|31.360967|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124254|Msanzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.190295|31.507909|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124391|Mwazye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.401995|31.74771|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124397|Mwimbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.667355|31.671597|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618519|Kilesha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.476302|31.673954|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618521|Kisumba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.348113|31.215241|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618522|Legeza Mwendo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618523|Mambwe Nkoswe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.970751|32.015196|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618524|Mnamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.810894|31.634884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618525|Mkali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.370624|31.557492|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618527|Ulumi (Kalambo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.73964|31.727453|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63380992|Sopa (Kalambo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381461|Katete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.626461|31.507237|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381468|Kasanga (Kalambo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.396784|31.143031|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381472|Matai (Kalambo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136378396|Mpombwe (Kalambo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.515674|31.278258|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136378617|Samazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.360146|31.082445|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136385344|Lyowa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.262722|31.517812|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136385380|Sundu (Kalambo)]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136400305|Mbuluma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.061635|31.423265|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136406022|Kanyezi]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q6350440|Kalambo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1722298|Kaliua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.060556|31.793333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123027|Ichemba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.65609|32.36256|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123043|Igombe Mkulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2782|31.8336|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123286|Kazaroho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9839|31.8446|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124067|Milambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.631091|32.193913|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125079|Ugunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0703|31.7506|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125124|Ushokola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0703|31.7918|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125127|Usinge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0968|31.3053|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614673|Igagala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.850386|31.533557|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616125|Kanindo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.68108|32.10041|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616352|Kashishi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.3813|32.384|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621896|Mwongozo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7823|32.3884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623383|Ukumbisiganga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.618681|31.267466|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623525|Uyowa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5801|31.9791|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618732|Igwisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9193|31.8997|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618733|Kanoge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7926|32.3306|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618734|Kamsekwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9212|31.7009|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618735|Seleli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.3333|32.3273|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618736|Silambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.375727|31.911037|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618737|Zugimlole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.379018|31.704494|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62391913|Sasu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4643|32.323|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327669|Ilege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.451362|32.280057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327802|Kona Nne]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327857|Makingi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327932|Mkindo (Kaliua)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328501|Nhwande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328709|Ufukutwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328737|Usenye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328740|Usimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136353162|Kaliua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24672012|Kaliua District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122663|Bugene]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.574349|31.1549|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122738|Bweranyange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.7632|30.8748|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123053|Ihembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.711704|31.165383|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123287|Kayanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.534051|31.154512|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123399|Kihanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.4271|31.1856|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123575|Kituntu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.401226|31.13328|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124459|Ndama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.501726|31.151388|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124558|Nyabiyonza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.70763|30.977015|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124564|Nyakakika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.810362|30.952641|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124566|Nyakasimbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.842441|31.125042|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124567|Nyakahanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.642667|31.115039|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614830|Igurwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.305886|31.0882|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616679|Kibondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617950|Kiruruma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.626477|30.944855|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622453|Nyaishozi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.754382|31.121175|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622908|Rugu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.83178|31.158577|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618616|Chonyonyo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.580278|31.031944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619226|Chanika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.450215|31.088967|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62625552|Rugera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.566415|31.245219|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62629094|Ihanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.566866|31.121722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62629127|Kanoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.341088|31.026599|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62629364|Nyakabanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.905505|31.018694|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137270604|Kamagambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711033|Karagwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.609372|30.935402|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4858525|Baray]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.75|35.116667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4986162|Buger]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.658611|36.638056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5207351|Daa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.418333|35.485833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5375920|Endabash]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.6|35.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5375928|Endamarariek]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.47876|35.7065|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6365209|Kansay]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.65|35.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6368806|Karatu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.333333|35.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6748571|Mang'ola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.52|35.312222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799812|Mbulumbulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.25|35.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193010|Qurus]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.432778|35.607778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193632|Oldeani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.35|35.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7321520|Rhotia]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.31|35.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122931|Ganako]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.320278|35.642222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619105|Endamaghang]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q940198|Karatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.375278|35.336389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414464|Kinyasini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.97|39.3082|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122598|Bandamaji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.9604|39.2967|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122748|Chaani Masingini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.924167|39.297222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122750|Chaani Kubwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.9436|39.303|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-5.941389|39.308056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123322|Kikobweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.95362|39.31205|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123337|Kibeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.8713|39.29555|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123378|Kidoti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.80063|39.32472|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124192|Moga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.907564|39.289984|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124292|Mto Pwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124658|Pale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.899428|39.257688|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124709|Potoa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.855381|39.282423|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124717|Pwani Mchangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.92404|39.357041|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125046|Tumbatu Gomani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.81524|39.22367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16877045|Fukuchani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.829|39.2971|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614343|Gamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.90663|39.3036|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616040|Kandwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.93737|39.33812|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616984|Kigunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.77334|39.29892|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617365|Kilimani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.78902|39.32396|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618338|Kivunge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.879459|39.281848|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620435|Mchenza Shauri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.933861|39.301694|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620998|Mkwajuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.887512|39.286861|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621470|Muwanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621485|Muwange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.865448|39.284149|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622872|Pitanazako]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.871405|39.278725|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623336|Tumbatu Jongowe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.854025|39.220626|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752017|Tazari]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.781421|39.305844|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55577742|Bwereu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.813056|39.304167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55583056|Chutama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.895|39.292778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878185|Mkokotoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.875925|39.258263|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878200|Kigomani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.85421|39.3525|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878202|Kidombo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.88379|39.30097|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878203|Uvivini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.827235|39.227364|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878205|Mto wa Pwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.885622|39.25021|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878210|Kisongoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.9795|39.3107|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878238|Kilindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.7573|39.29734|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327740|Kilimani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331237|Matemwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777833|Kaskazini A District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122852|Donge Mtambile]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.92827|39.25317|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122858|Donge Vijibweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.94124|39.2652|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122918|Fujoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.0116|39.20189|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123445|Kilombero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.0236|39.32696|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123468|Kinduni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.99007|39.2678|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123495|Kiomba Mvua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123569|Kitope]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.02179|39.24807|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123876|Makoba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.9526|39.19515|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124042|Mgambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.983167|39.287765|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124086|Misufini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.96377|39.19926|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124107|Mkadini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.03362|39.22786|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124671|Pangeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.00273|39.31661|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125279|Zingwezingwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.00371|39.22539|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614114|Donge Karange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.95939|39.27481|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614156|Donge Mbiji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.95424|39.24857|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56539353|Donge Kipange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.91455|39.26|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56539354|Donge Mchangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.92793|39.22568|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64852316|Mangapwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.993439|39.195808|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64852382|Kiwengwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.99138|39.37364|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64852461|Upenja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.98021|39.32565|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64852469|Muwanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.90839|39.22786|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864620|Kidanzini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.97725|39.20025|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864621|Mbaleni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.01817|39.277|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864623|Matetema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.01735|39.23607|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864624|Kiombamvua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.02771|39.20961|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864626|Mafufuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.92531|39.19433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864627|Mahonda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864629|Mkataleni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.98514|39.24133|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864630|Mnyimbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.96788|39.24709|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864631|Njia ya Mtoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.92893|39.27108|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327777|Kisongoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777834|Kaskazini B District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11794245|Nyakitonto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.470556|30.281944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122680|Buhoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4|30.189444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123004|Heru Ushingo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.191229|30.230218|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123546|Kitagata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.350558|30.422847|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123548|Kitanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.876738|30.336785|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123659|Kwaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.833936|29.968793|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125009|Titye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.670278|30.29|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621518|Muzye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.723336|30.046682|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622569|Nyamidaho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.243033|30.455902|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622592|Nyamnyusi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.523893|30.260293|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622919|Rungwe Mpya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.788549|30.210138|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622936|Rusesa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.874396|30.065801|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618753|Bugaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.679722|30.0675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618754|Asante]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.868611|30.33|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618757|Kurugongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.66224|30.344027|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618758|Nyachenda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.385154|30.346828|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618759|Shunguliba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.739033|30.284887|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62806821|Kigembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62839709|Herushingo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136488477|Makere]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.282766|30.425906|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136504551|Kalela (Kasulu)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.814563|29.9281|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124328|Muhunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.620851|30.032257|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124792|Ruhita]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5636|30.2163|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624327|Kasulu Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6374890|Kasulu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624362|Kigondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5865|30.1885|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624698|Msambara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.493459|30.133233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624741|Muganza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.48706|30.059206|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624752|Murufiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.6201|30.2158|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624831|Nyansha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5918|30.1236|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624837|Nyumbigwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.658|30.1206|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136513244|Kumsenga (Kasulu)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.573625|30.09394|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136514190|Mwilamvya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136514263|Murusi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136515097|Murubona]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136515572|Kumnyika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.58366|30.097201|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136515623|Kimobwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.556556|30.107049|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136522787|Heru Juu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105339|Kasulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.523078|30.047114|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6177412|Jendele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.166667|39.366667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.17314|39.3714|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122629|Binguni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.17199|39.32587|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122758|Charawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.19927|39.44125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122765|Cheju]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.21307|39.37682|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122860|Dunga Kiembeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.14653|39.32776|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122866|Dunga Palace]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.12104|39.32636|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123173|Jumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.19631|39.29957|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123348|Kiboje Mkwajuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.08636|39.30664|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123605|Koani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123822|Machui]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.10476|39.28544|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124045|Mgeni Haji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.09178|39.32636|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124091|Mitakawani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.0668|39.3331|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124094|Miwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.07929|39.28528|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124480|Ng'ambwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.35442|39.40082|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124685|Pete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.28455|39.41161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124702|Pongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.05069|39.40493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125049|Tunduni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.05644|39.33557|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125050|Tunguu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.20995|39.32456|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125061|Ubago]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.15522|39.29234|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125090|Ukongoroni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.20502|39.47922|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125103|Umbuji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.13369|39.37238|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125104|Unguja Ukuu Kaebona]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.27915|39.37091|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125106|Unguja Ukuu Kaepwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.30939|39.37715|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125159|Uzini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.0783|39.33113|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616760|Kidimni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.12843|39.30073|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617136|Kikungwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.27454|39.352|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620637|Michamvi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.14158|39.49877|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621191|Mpapa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.1|39.33918|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622834|Pagali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.09835|39.37485|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623535|Uzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.32697|39.39161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55567510|Bambi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.070833|39.365|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55577228|Bungi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.248889|39.339722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55583074|Chwaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.164444|39.4175|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.1664|39.43254|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185546|Ndijani Mseweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.19582|39.34461|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185550|Kiboje Mwembeshauri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.064|39.30664|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185568|Ndijani Mwembepunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.16771|39.35118|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185569|Ghana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.04379|39.2981|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185574|Marumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.13336|39.41955|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63522016|Uroa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.09581|39.4212|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104475892|Tindini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10777955|Kati District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.29805|39.36745|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124159|Mlandizi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6403932|Kibaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.7185|39.7421|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124801|Ruvu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6403932|Kibaha District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124920|Soga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6403932|Kibaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.835556|38.8475|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618475|Kwala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6403932|Kibaha District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619361|Kikongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6403932|Kibaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.827778|38.711111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327704|Kawawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6403932|Kibaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.780556|38.758889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328383|Mtambani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6403932|Kibaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.85|39.233333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328423|Mtongani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6403932|Kibaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.398333|39.235|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330527|Janga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6403932|Kibaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.791389|38.750556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123790|Mbwawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616575|Kibaha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619285|Mailimoja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623346|Tumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623568|Visiga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619160|Kongowe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619161|Mkuza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619162|Misugusugu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619163|Msangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619164|Picha ya Ndege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619363|Pangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328629|Sofu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328657|Tangini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328758|Viziwaziwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105453|Kibaha Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123494|Kiongoroni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123853|Mahege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123930|Maparoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124301|Mtunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613510|Bungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616652|Kibiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620249|Mbuchi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620532|Mchukwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622890|Ruaruke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622986|Salale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619362|Mwambao]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753081|Msala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q31753076|Kibiti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122709|Busagara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.235|31.039444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123111|Itaba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.65085|30.582804|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123545|Kitahana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.699049|30.690507|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123595|Kizazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.667727|30.490334|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123648|Kumsenga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.745833|30.451389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124083|Misezero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.529295|30.776426|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124791|Rugongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.892818|30.485797|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613539|Bunyambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.554722|30.623611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618755|Busunzu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.935|30.57|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619268|Mabamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.598187|30.500708|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46948703|Muhambwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.558615|30.748295|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798974|Kitale Ward]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.5526|30.7067|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798980|Kibondo Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.579341|30.719147|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798982|Kagezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.787959|30.498982|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798991|Kumwambu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.59299|30.714646|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798995|Bukabuye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.180544|31.719078|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798998|Murungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.233|31.183|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799000|Nyaruyoba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.746036|30.594886|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799002|Rusohoko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.65721|30.68055|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799004|Turana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.627336|30.723684|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62838214|Bitare]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.558357|30.70769|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136479955|Biturana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404057|Kibondo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.626566|30.72295|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327279|Somangila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3815143|Kigamboni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329505|Mjimwema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3815143|Kigamboni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329870|Pembamnazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3815143|Kigamboni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120434867|Kigamboni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3815143|Kigamboni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8227|39.3024|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1994331|Kalinzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.598889|29.732222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122628|Bitale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7667|29.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123184|Kagunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4907|29.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123187|Kagongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8004|29.6448|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123854|Mahembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8101|29.7336|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124111|Mkigo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4941|29.7562|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15930435|Simbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.880833|29.739167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Landscape in Simbo Ward.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620025|Matendo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8737|29.8971|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621419|Mungonya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.843|29.6799|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621725|Mwamgongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.6243|29.6398|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618761|Mkongoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.6908|29.7138|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124370144|Ziwani (Kigoma)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.994|29.76428|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-4.793116|29.616317|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136532432|Nyarubanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136535306|Nkungwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.822054|29.789643|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136535572|Kidahwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779823|Kigoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.882819|29.822418|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122973|Gungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8583|29.6427|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123186|Kagera, Kigoma-Ujiji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9207|29.6965|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123262|Kasimbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9093|29.6863|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123350|Kibirizi (Kigoma Ujiji)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.61053|31.41648|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123863|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9019|29.6744|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124376|Mwanga Kusini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8954|29.6471|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124779|Rubuga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.909289|29.681|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616375|Kasingirima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9095|29.6965|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621791|Mwanga Kaskazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8823|29.6484|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622950|Rusimbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9039|29.6734|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618763|Buhanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.864444|29.664167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618764|Buzebazeba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.903889|29.656111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618765|Katubuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8889|29.6578|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618766|Kipampa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9108|29.6628|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619270|Businde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.88174|29.68104|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619272|Machinjioni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8977|29.6799|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619275|Kigoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.881106|29.630043|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62835290|Kibirizi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8545|29.6238|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62839817|Bangwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779824|Kigoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9008|29.6173|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123423|Kikunde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123457|Kimbe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.7965|37.5215|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123525|Kisangasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123674|Kwediboma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123783|Lwande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124112|Mkindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124256|Msanja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124473|Negero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124657|Pagwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124844|Saunyi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124926|Songe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.5833|37.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615521|Jaila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4642|37.9157|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617437|Kilindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.6676|37.5325|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619847|Masagalu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621557|Mvungwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619032|Tunguli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619037|Kibirashi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619039|Kwekivu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619040|Masagulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619041|Mabalanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619303|Kilwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.5333|37.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124567955|Bokwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888326|Kilindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.5596|37.2902|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122640|Boma la Ng'ombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123033|Idete (Kilolo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.169061|36.006925|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123066|Ilula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.678321|36.038603|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123091|Irole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.788557|35.831226|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124291|Mtitu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125069|Udekwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125080|Uhambingeto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.565779|35.975922|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125085|Ukumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624265|Image (Kilolo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624454|Mahenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20625003|Ukwega]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.937113|36.120139|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618722|Ibumu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.384695|36.094319|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618723|Ihimbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.909562|35.828242|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618724|Masisiwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.317738|35.936725|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618725|Ng'ang'ange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.176069|35.920332|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618726|Mlafu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.792131|36.121499|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618727|Ng'uruhe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.134834|35.80224|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618730|Nyalumbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.660766|36.016433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619259|Kimala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331113|Dabaga (Iringa)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130472077|Ruaha Mbuyuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.5862|36.505037|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133837497|Nyanzwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.352185|36.289634|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134103563|Kising'a (Kilolo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1741422|Kilolo District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.917522|35.990059|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122783|Chisano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.701944|35.833611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122785|Chita]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123028|Idete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123332|Kibaoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111671390|Ifakara Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123339|Kiberege]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111671390|Ifakara Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123528|Kisawasawa]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111671390|Ifakara Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124143|Mkula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111671390|Ifakara Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124834|Sanje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111671390|Ifakara Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125068|Uchindile]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619715|Mang'ula]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111671390|Ifakara Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619862|Masagati]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620500|Mchombe]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623499|Utengule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619150|Kamwene]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619153|Mngeta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619353|Mbingu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62448559|Lumemo]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62448644|Mlimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.830045|35.792716|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62523905|Mofu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q927705|Kilombero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122863|Dumila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.32766|37.28954|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123264|Kasiki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123432|Kilangali]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123452|Kimamba B]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123454|Kimamba 'A']]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.789664|37.138252|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123524|Kisanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123768|Lumuma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123812|Mabwerebwere]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123847|Magubike]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123897|Malolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123906|Mamboya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123957|Masanze]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124020|Mbumi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124065|Mikumi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124781|Rudewa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125098|Ulaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125287|Zombo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616732|Kidete]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616784|Kidodi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619105|Magole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619141|Magomeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621026|Mkwatani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621270|Msowero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623392|Uleling'ombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619045|Lumbiji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619046|Madoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619047|Maguha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619048|Ruhembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619304|Ruaha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.653115|36.98796|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619306|Kitete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62448689|Chanzulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62467109|Tindiga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62493620|Vidunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62523859|Mabula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6408136|Kilosa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1021534|Kilwa Masoko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.933333|39.516667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122802|Chumo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.5667|39.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123229|Kandawale]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.6298|38.7872|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123420|Kikole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.7691|39.1718|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123498|Kipatimu]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.4816|38.9203|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123513|Kiranjeranje]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.5205|39.4721|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123712|Lihimalyao]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.3167|39.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123717|Likawage]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.235|39.0049|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123913|Mandawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.1798|39.3648|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124088|Miteja]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.6|39.2634|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124098|Mitole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.766667|39.0439|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124528|Njinjo]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.8101|38.8927|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125004|Tingi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.5004|39.2589|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618317|Kivinjesingino]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620686|Miguruwe]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.8818|38.7099|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620843|Mingumbi]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.5296|39.1749|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622184|Nanjirinji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.5782|39.2057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619360|Kibata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.4667|38.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62449204|Kinjumbi]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.3895|39.1693|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62449238|Songosongo]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.5255|39.5046|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62449292|Pande Mikoma]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.133056|39.583056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65326394|Somanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2221197|Kilwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1404431|Msasani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.75|39.283333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2221413|Bunju]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.616667|39.116667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.626111|39.128889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3817361|Kunduchi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.666667|39.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3825872|Mbweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.795|39.266111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3843397|Magomeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.812254|39.259826|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3843703|Makumbusho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.790351|39.251516|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3868806|Mwananyamala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.787902|39.256317|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5575396|Goba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.731705|39.153698|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5646910|Hananasif]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.795|39.269|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6379943|Kawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.3|33.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6403944|Kibamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.771045|39.041185|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406170|Kijitonyama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.777247|39.236566|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6409740|Kimara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.795|39.266111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414190|Kinondoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.783333|39.266667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6740440|Makuburi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.804781|39.203331|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6740485|Makurumula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.804934|39.24498|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6753471|Manzese]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8001|39.236|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799683|Mbezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.773137|39.109193|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799821|Mburahati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.813554|39.239693|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6949482|Mzimuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.809026|39.257847|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6983835|Ndugumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.801628|39.250275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7682404|Tandale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.788|39.24|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124071|Mikocheni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.763056|39.245|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624409|Kwembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8077|39.0818|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624440|Mabwepande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.6559|39.0809|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624587|Mbezi juu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.7271|39.2071|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624716|Msigani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8043|39.1121|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20625056|Wazo, Kinondoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.6664|39.1771|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63115777|Makongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404457|Kinondoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.7575|39.1952|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123364|Kibuta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123529|Kisarawe (kata)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123652|Kuruhi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123828|Mafinzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123949|Marui]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124262|Msimbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124409|Mzenga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125166|Vihingo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125169|Vikumbulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613961|Cholesamvula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617603|Kiluvya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619697|Maneromango]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619810|Marumbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624710|Msanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327488|Boga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327530|Chole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327710|Kazimzumbwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328755|Vikumburu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331228|Masaki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416417|Kisarawe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122660|Bubiki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.389167|33.393056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123535|Kishapu (Bezirk)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.611416|33.868972|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123685|Lagana (Kishapu)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.876571|33.926601|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123956|Masanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.867437|34.012506|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124356|Mwadui Lohumbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.5668|33.633857|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124369|Mwamashele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.737765|33.833676|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124492|Ngofila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.920777|33.80065|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124857|Seke-Bugoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124889|Shagihilu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.710724|33.938803|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124929|Somagedi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.740532|34.051585|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125066|Uchunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.609888|33.734016|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125086|Ukenyenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.682459|33.67151|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613465|Bunambiyu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.428611|33.270833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617461|Kiloleli (Kishapu)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.861321|33.706836|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621164|Mondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621610|Mwakipoya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.617879|33.970522|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621659|Mwamalasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.89424|34.145116|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623212|Songwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.498847|33.522283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q49104919|Itilima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.8|33.531667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62780498|Mwadui Luhumbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62780515|Seke-Bugoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.328106|33.508913|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62782783|Talaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.740304|33.595169|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136910886|Itilima (Kishapu)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.727833|33.52643|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136911142|Mwaweja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136927571|Ndoleleji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.757244|33.953366|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136927985|Mwataga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.652034|33.856892|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136929165|Bupigi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.554989|33.700929|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136932202|Igaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.640574|33.785929|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136980339|Maganzo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.545989|33.555885|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136983821|Busangwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.43964|33.401924|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136992400|Idukilo]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136992409|Idukilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.451088|33.663255|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136995453|Mwasubi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6416557|Kishapu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.429892|33.231917|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122722|Bwagamoyo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.306088|36.579035|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122851|Dongo (Kiteto)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.847503|36.697189|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122856|Dosidosi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.57761|36.41652|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122880|Engusero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.545357|36.456201|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123343|Kibaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.316635|36.567435|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123700|Lengatei]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.547619|37.075311|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123871|Makame (Kiteto)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.696209|36.610733|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123981|Matui (Kiteto)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.445144|36.3425|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124604|Olboloti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.217123|36.334012|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124925|Songambele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.665526|36.525517|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617086|Kijungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.402262|37.185128|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622237|Ndedo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.846692|36.774411|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622367|Njoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.25126|36.5006|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622855|Partimbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.354203|36.61099|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618802|Loolera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.278975|37.177495|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618803|Chapakazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.465556|36.404444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618805|Magungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.721129|36.614056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618807|Namelock]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.469064|36.714658|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331332|Sunya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140057170|Sunya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.690605|36.943544|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140067818|Laiseri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.944121|36.846943|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140078533|Ndirgishi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.573568|36.554931|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140130742|Bwawani (Kiteto)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.479547|36.400779|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140157474|Kaloleni (Kiteto)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220741|Kiteto District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.305814|36.567071|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4891234|Bereko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.45|35.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4997275|Bumbuta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.631944|36.015556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5001633|Busi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.73328|36.205008|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5071706|Changaa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.805833|35.704444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6350435|Kalamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406287|Kikilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.691966|35.712807|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406355|Kikore]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.35|35.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6412428|Kingale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566207|Kondoa Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.058107|35.765905|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6416476|Kisese]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.3|29.783333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6427447|Kolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566207|Kondoa Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.733333|35.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6782568|Masange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.6|35.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885912|Mnenia]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.694997|35.871015|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7124548|Pahi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.716667|35.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7553527|Soera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.612515|35.764115|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7711497|Thawi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.713869|35.7234|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123655|Kwadelo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619049|Hondomairo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619050|Bolisa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566207|Kondoa Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.45|35.733333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-4.827778|35.799722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619051|Itaswi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619052|Kinyasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619053|Serya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566207|Kondoa Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9312|35.6812|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619055|Salanka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619307|Chemchem]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566207|Kondoa Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9278|35.7852|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619308|Kilimani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566207|Kondoa Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9074|35.793|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29591120|Itololo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327204|Kondoa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1781264|Kondoa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566207|Kondoa Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.904578|35.782256|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Kondoa mchoro mwambani 2012 Tamino (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Kondoa Town in Dodoma 2022.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3859676|Mlali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.29491|36.750086|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.3175|36.7242|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5069823|Chamkoroma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.333333|36.666667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.351667|36.674444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5318130|Kongwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.2|36.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5877375|Hogoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.95|36.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5989852|Iduo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.266297|36.648611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6403934|Kibaigwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.084582|36.649877|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885506|Mkoka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.812778|36.433281|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7130473|Pandambili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.08489|36.733131|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7877885|Ugogoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.18134|36.43895|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11204346|Mtanana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.042|36.57377|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19462603|Javane]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.23333|34.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616812|Kidodoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.021806|37.181908|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618948|Lukumbule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.56175|37.441213|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620451|Mchesi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.384167|37.360556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620515|Mchoteka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.477433|36.877473|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620886|Misechela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.218811|37.719249|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621053|Mlingoti Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.094909|37.278792|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621326|Mtina]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.320016|37.384903|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621967|Nakapanya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.886982|37.79869|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622000|Namasakata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.143549|37.448549|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618578|Masonya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.810621|37.329927|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618579|Mchuluka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.036138|37.442002|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618580|Nalasi Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.548373|36.93397|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618583|Nalasi Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.495931|37.054779|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618584|Namiungo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.866055|37.65286|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618585|Sisikwasisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.971538|37.399835|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619061|Chitego]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.648889|36.324722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619062|Chiwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.172222|36.760278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619063|Nghumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619064|Lenjulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619065|Makawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619066|Matongoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619067|Ngomai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619218|Mchangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.04445|39.33458|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619312|Songambele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132247748|Sejeli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.033333|36.316667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132251315|Njoge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885504|Mkomazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.633333|38.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6897070|Mombo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.883333|38.283333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mombo4.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122768|Chekelei]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.981944|38.3125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122830|Dindira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.00617|38.42875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123304|Kerenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0054|38.5359|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123594|Kizara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9|38.6621|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123629|Korogwe (kata)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123782|Lutindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0715|38.3722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123887|Makuyuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123955|Mashewa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.75147|38.64541|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125177|Vugiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0736|38.4527|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618457|Kwagunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1615|38.5625|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619122|Magoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8008|38.6562|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620930|Mkalamo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9819|38.1173|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621121|Mnyuzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619028|Kwashemshi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0468|38.4735|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619029|Magamba Kwalukonge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9437|38.1856|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619030|Mpale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619031|Mswaha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62576488|Bungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0237|38.3827|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330622|Magunga, Tanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6432493|Korogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1325|38.4628|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123670|Kwamndolwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105581|Korogwe Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1046|38.4962|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124497|Ngombezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105581|Korogwe Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1519|38.4402|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619042|Manundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105581|Korogwe Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1631|38.4582|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619043|Old Korogwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105581|Korogwe Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1534|38.4794|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619044|Mtonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105581|Korogwe Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1519|38.4402|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619302|Kilole, Tanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105581|Korogwe Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.95|38.0667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619305|Kwamsisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105581|Korogwe Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.8722|38.5726|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132035677|Masuguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49105581|Korogwe Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122597|Bambi (kata ya Wilaya ya Kati)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123197|Kajengwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.397877|39.547528|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123359|Kibuteni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.417599|39.488196|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123406|Kijini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.42516|39.52456|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123567|Kitogani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.28636|39.43856|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123598|Kizimkazi Dimbani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.41351|39.46139|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.43083|39.46346|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124343|Muungoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.31332|39.43264|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124346|Muyuni A]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.34389|39.45204|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124348|Muyuni C]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.38004|39.4665|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124349|Muyuni B]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.36295|39.4573|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124411|Mzuri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.43412|39.55147|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615547|Jambiani Kibigija]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.31151|39.54112|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615570|Jambiani Kikadini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.33485|39.55016|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621315|Mtende]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.44513|39.52501|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622277|Nganani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.406916|39.552048|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55577736|Bwejuu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.24201|39.53001|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.24511|39.53208|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56539367|Dongwe]]''
|
| [[Zambia|Sámbíà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.18989|39.52846|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864614|Kiongoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.413573|39.554267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864615|Kizimkazi Mkunguni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.45285|39.47431|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864616|Tasani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.425488|39.559033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864617|Paje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.26812|39.53307|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118900848|Mtegani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10782747|Kusini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.4041|39.5514|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6751981|Mantare]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.71667|33.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122916|Fukalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.19307|33.13871|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123017|Hungumalwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.175495|33.297168|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123044|Igongwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.995271|33.244455|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123424|Kikubiji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.348947|33.102305|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123785|Lyoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.037879|33.434669|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123893|Maligisu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.797608|33.589015|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124052|Mhande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.353063|32.999142|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124351|Mwabomba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.687867|33.332352|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124358|Mwagi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.804057|33.37214|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124361|Mwakilyambiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.182053|33.3629|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124374|Mwang'halanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.015492|33.3864|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124487|Ng'hundi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.05954|33.25523|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124503|Ngudu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.972082|33.333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613523|Bungulwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.764167|33.296111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613551|Bupamwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.233333|33.043611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615269|Iseni (Kwimba)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.73035|33.525085|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619584|Malya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621646|Mwamala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.179903|33.205533|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621779|Mwandu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.866596|33.468876|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622560|Nyambiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.833984|33.424831|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622581|Nyamilama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.082888|33.326244|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623590|Walla (Kwimba)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.856214|33.321376|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618929|Bugando]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.72|33.459444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618930|Mwankulwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.117181|33.43329|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618931|Nkalalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.795816|33.41417|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618932|Ngulla]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.69655|33.299085|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618933|Shilembo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.254141|33.295032|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021617|Walla]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330498|Ilula (Kwimba)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6450445|Kwimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.26728|33.356553|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4986764|Bujonde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.63|33.927222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5002009|Busole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5995334|Ikama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.266667|33.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5996092|Ikolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.65|33.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6064884|Ipande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.483894|33.879081|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6065152|Ipinda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.483333|33.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6272943|Mwaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.916667|36.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6349065|Kajunjumele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.557231|33.943054|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6378428|Katumba Songwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.6953|33.922633|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6450901|Kyela Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.596851|33.864782|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6705340|Lusungo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.5|33.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6740505|Makwale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.433333|33.933333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7022539|Ngonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.666428|33.919933|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10997673|Ngana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.563693|33.732123|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752301|Busale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.505|33.72|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752302|Ikimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.589444|33.828889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752304|Itope]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.589444|33.828889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753498|Muungano (Kyela)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.472778|33.844444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330736|Ndobo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330822|Talatala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126204811|Matema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.4867|34.0238|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126285834|Mababu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126285936|Nkokwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126371914|Mbugani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126371937|Mikoroshoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126371968|Mwanganyanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126371994|Serengeti (Kyela)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126372028|Itunge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126456964|Nkuyu (Kyela)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126485564|Ndandalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.593333|33.8575|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126485637|Ipyana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126486531|Bondeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126486600|Ibanda (Kyela)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.5525|33.763889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126488110|Njisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995244|Kyela District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.591389|33.784722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122664|Bugomora]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.070556|30.745833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123099|Isingiro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.329753|30.690258|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123194|Kaisho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123210|Kamuli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.285852|30.858752|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123464|Kimuli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.411298|30.937475|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123806|Mabira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.241761|30.945808|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124804|Rwabwere]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.507066|30.916817|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618639|Kyerwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.371944|30.795|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621447|Murongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.069297|30.649731|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622403|Nkwenda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.487681|30.891409|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618609|Nyakatuntu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.309377|30.827749|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618610|Businde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.139722|30.935|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618611|Rukuraijo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.443987|30.864497|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618613|Kikukuru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.349725|30.929904|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618614|Rutunguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619225|Songambele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.556797|30.850504|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63306392|Kibale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.077408|30.82167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63306426|Kibingo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.139478|30.660803|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137685961|Kitwe (Kyerwa)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.263619|30.922657|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137686371|Bugara (Kyerwa)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.181209|30.98853|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137686679|Kakanja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.426806|30.913666|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137705239|Kitwechenkura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.479865|30.78353|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137708988|Iteera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.506407|30.927801|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137711333|Nyaruzumbura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112807|Kyerwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.390551|30.80268|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122773|Chikonji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.9105|39.5838|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123127|Jamhuri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.0482|39.6302|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123978|Matopeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.9962|39.7042|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124005|Mbanja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.9962|39.7042|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124090|Mitandi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.9928|39.7098|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124278|Mtanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.982|39.6998|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124469|Ndoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.0008|39.7126|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124484|Ng'apa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.0227|39.5679|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124746|Rasbura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.9161|39.7286|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124965|Tandangongoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.0435|39.5058|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620784|Mikumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.9954|39.7151|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620829|Mingoyo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.9954|39.7151|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621863|Mwenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.9837|39.7037|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623762|Wailes]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.0011|39.7061|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619190|Makonde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.9975|39.713694|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327793|Kitumbikwela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328367|Mnazimmoja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11211659|Nachingwea]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6552506|Lindi Urban District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.0037|39.7108|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622880|Rahaleo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6552506|Lindi Urban District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.9845|39.708|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123360|Kibutuka]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123728|Liwale B]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123730|Liwale Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124008|Mbaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.9094|33.4608|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124150|Mkutano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124166|Mlembwe]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124230|Mpigamiti]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613088|Barikiwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.456944|37.588333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617648|Kimambi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620747|Mihumo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620873|Mirui]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622100|Nangano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752281|Kichonda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752291|Likongowele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752292|Lilombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62467389|Makata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62467427|Ngongowele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62467513|Nangando]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62492279|Kiangara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272988|Liwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6673922|Longido]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.7325|36.698333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Longido town.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6961283|Namanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.55|36.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7082822|Olmolog]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.866667|37.133333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-2.832569|37.085689|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10998665|Kitumbeine]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.733333|36.266667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-2.73402|36.27697|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619079|Eleng'ata Dapash]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.98087|36.27619|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-2.93375|36.2329|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619081|Engikaret]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.0078|36.6937|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619082|Ilorienito]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.8402|36.2045|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619083|Kimokouwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.6271|36.7256|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619085|Mundarara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.644139|36.411908|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619087|Orbomba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.729|36.6912|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619323|Matale A]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62228589|Kamwanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.8787|36.3658|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130358280|Noondoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130371226|Sinya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6698745|Ludewa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.100833|34.683611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885673|Mlangali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.781111|34.5225|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123036|Ibumi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123118|Iwela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123440|Kilondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123748|Luana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123757|Ludende]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123758|Lugarawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.82772|34.78017|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123762|Luilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123775|Lupingu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123776|Lupanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123815|Madilu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123915|Manda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123959|Masasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123986|Mavanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124136|Nkomang'ombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124165|Mlangali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124333|Mundindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624420|Lumbila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.586373|34.149874|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624448|Madope]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624466|Makonde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624582|Mawengi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752361|Lifuma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752363|Mkongobaki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381249|Ruhuhu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q441811|Ludewa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122591|Baga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122993|Hamtoye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123662|Kwai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7265|38.3434|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123770|Lunguza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5085|38.3926|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123894|Malibwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7026|38.3866|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123905|Mamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123992|Mayo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124163|Mlalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5793|38.3473|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124172|Mlola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124185|Mnazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4263|38.3075|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124269|Mtae]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4767|38.2353|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124379|Mwangoi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.597|38.316|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124513|Ngwelo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124740|Rangwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5616|38.244|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124948|Sunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5357|38.24|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124964|Tamota]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125060|Ubiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.82565|38.31739|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16900151|Shume]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7|38.2167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bundesarchiv Bild 105-DOA0944, Deutsch-Ostafrika, Auf Neu-Hornow.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619379|Makanya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619529|Malindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.6325|38.3008|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620176|Mbaramo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4594|38.3272|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621094|Mng'aro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5456|38.4034|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619015|Dule M]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.56346|38.30906|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619016|Lukozi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.6626|38.2904|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619017|Kwemashai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8018|38.3207|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619018|Kwekanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.6503|38.3777|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619019|Kwemshasha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5807|38.3498|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619020|Maheza Ngulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619021|Ngulwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8225|38.2912|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619297|Kilole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.6615|38.3976|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619299|Usambara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50327796|Bumbuli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566212|Bumbuli District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.85638|38.48292|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56544373|Dule B]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.85772|38.44397|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62228324|Manolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.621|38.2229|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62228377|Gare]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7949|38.3383|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62228409|Hemtoye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.62115|38.36793|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124423390|Mbaru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1877698|Lushoto District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618608|Mkongotema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566210|Madaba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.047944|35.479769|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618612|Mtyangimbole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566210|Madaba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.398646|35.665033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330207|Wino (Madaba)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566210|Madaba District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.765942|35.324444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131673155|Matetereka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566210|Madaba District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.84337|35.266979|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122600|Baleni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194416|Mafia District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123142|Jibondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194416|Mafia District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123230|Kanga (Mafia)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194416|Mafia District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123381|Kiegeani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194416|Mafia District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617923|Kirongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194416|Mafia District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620621|Mibulani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194416|Mafia District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622225|Ndagoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194416|Mafia District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618728|Kinyanambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106110|Mafinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.244862|35.34201|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618731|Sao Hill]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106110|Mafinga Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619261|Boma (Mafinga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106110|Mafinga Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133566422|Changarawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106110|Mafinga Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133571074|Upendo (Mafinga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106110|Mafinga Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133581489|Wambi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106110|Mafinga Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3853332|Mbweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.219444|39.208333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132347560|Michungwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5115990|Chuini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.065556|39.220833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5116048|Chukwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.233333|39.216667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.235556|39.218333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6404091|Kibweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.116667|39.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6419233|Kizimbani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.08811|39.26445|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122695|Bumbwisudi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.056389|39.270278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122730|Bweleo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.295833|39.276111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122834|Dimani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.27548|39.26749|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122848|Dole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.10603|39.25245|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122920|Fuoni Kibondeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.197819|39.270615|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123209|Kama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.050557|39.214405|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124038|Mfenesini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.04503|39.22965|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124293|Mtoni Kidatu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.1398|39.2276|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124298|Mto Pepo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.1503|39.2284|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124359|Mwakaje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.04585|39.25085|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124373|Mwanakwerekwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.176207|39.230183|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124897|Shakani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.2505|39.24004|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15221194|Fumba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''<br/>[[Agbègbè Zanzibar Ìlú/Ìwọ̀orùn]]
| {{Coord|-6.316667|39.283333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618378|Kombeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.25247|39.27078|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619087|Magogoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.171|39.233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620091|Maungani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.232804|39.25011|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621805|Mwanyanya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.1116|39.2176|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623315|Tomondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.192724|39.227553|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623609|Welezo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.16|39.2281|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54667100|Nyamanzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.26479|39.24843|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878023|Kiembesamaki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.210475|39.213172|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878175|Mwera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.149311|39.258492|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878211|Fuoni Kijito Upele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.201928|39.248098|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878212|Kihinani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.087|39.2234|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878213|Meli Nne]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.183685|39.228786|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878214|Kisauni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.21374|39.23351|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878215|Kinuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.1757|39.243|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878216|Mtufaani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.159278|39.247605|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878217|Pangawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664518|Magharibi B District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.183438|39.249824|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878218|Sharifu Msa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.1215|39.2165|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878239|Mombasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.200696|39.220322|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331248|Mbuzini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8066313|Magharibi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.074964|39.24062|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122677|Bujashi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.4925|33.070278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123532|Kisesa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.555068|33.044385|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123626|Kongolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123743|Lubugu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.544894|33.499548|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123779|Lutale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.412056|33.080646|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124366|Mwamanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.639895|33.286291|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124481|Ng'haya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.648729|33.565239|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124592|Nyanguge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.542189|33.197551|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615841|Kahangara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.581391|33.355226|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618295|Kitongo Sima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.543474|33.258662|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621635|Mwamabanza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.696868|33.42139|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622394|Nkungulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622774|Nyigogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.59474|33.381558|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623224|Sukuma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.646757|33.493143|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746280|Magu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.5897|33.4444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618922|Jinjimili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.747238|33.66137|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619283|Bukandwe (Magu)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61081783|Bujora]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.543162|33.036058|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021601|Shishani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.756041|33.710852|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63035977|Bukandwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.551436|33.116839|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137800931|Kongolo (Magu)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.451436|33.116667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137802290|Chabula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.476304|33.149705|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137826160|Kandawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137827800|Isandula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.587847|33.419436|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137828556|Itumbili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137829778|Buhumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.676975|33.479087|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137844829|Kabila (Magu)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888265|Magu District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.737078|33.617537|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6734776|Mahongole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910459|Makambako Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.61656|34.2335|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752437|Mwembetogwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910459|Makambako Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753541|Mjimwema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910459|Makambako Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753543|Mlowa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910459|Makambako Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753546|Ubena]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910459|Makambako Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753547|Utengule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910459|Makambako Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330581|Kitandililo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910459|Makambako Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330615|Lyamkena]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910459|Makambako Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12364754|Iwawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123083|Ipepo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123090|Ipelele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123394|Kigulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123572|Kitulo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123774|Lupila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124003|Mbalatse]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124040|Mfumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125101|Ukwama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624055|Bulongwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.321667|34.075556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624246|Ikuwo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624271|Iniho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624427|Lupalilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624559|Mang'oto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624657|Mlondwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752427|Isapulano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752429|Kipagilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752433|Luwumbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753530|Tandala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753533|Itundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63390379|Kigala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4692445|Aghondi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566213|Itigi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.75854|34.704825|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-5.725833|34.701667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5097478|Chikola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.050341|34.833032|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5701274|Heka-Azimio]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.130651|34.87045|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6740483|Makuru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.45|34.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6753406|Manyoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.75|34.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6794391|Maweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.881967|35.124064|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6826825|Mgandu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566213|Itigi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.95|34.133333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042607|Nkonko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.333333|34.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7420829|Sanza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.35|35.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122776|Chikuyu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.95231|35.213875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123032|Idodyandole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566213|Itigi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.913545|34.74292|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123104|Isseke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.845883|34.931267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123872|Makanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.747736|35.290791|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15243960|Majiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.05|35.016667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618555|Itigi Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566213|Itigi District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.701531|34.513344|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618559|Muhalala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.78035|34.88159|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618560|Makutopora]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.724755|35.130525|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618561|Mkwese]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618562|Mvumi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618563|Sasajila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.933866|34.949957|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618565|Sasilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.255256|34.798789|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618566|Solya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.822242|34.953718|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62507273|Heka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.157291|34.794004|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62526586|Mitundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107566213|Itigi District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.073651|34.070694|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62526991|Saranda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6753411|Manyoni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.712307|34.966463|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122784|Chiwata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.615833|39.009722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123719|Lisekese]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123720|Lipumburu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123962|Masuguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124144|Mkundi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124145|Mkululu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.793955|39.102702|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124182|Mnavira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.076089|39.247197|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124232|Mpindimbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124393|Mwena]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.505424|39.006046|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124419|Namalenga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.90119|39.140388|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124427|Namatutwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16894948|Mchauru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.83333|32.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613820|Chigugu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.576389|38.919167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613912|Chiungutwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.896274|38.986058|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618927|Lukuledi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618968|Lulindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619907|Masasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620270|Mbuyuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621989|Namajani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622194|Nanjota]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.807815|39.000786|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623179|Sindano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.067067|39.057436|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618686|Chikolopola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.0625|39.3175|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618687|Chiwale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.588611|38.613056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618688|Mlingula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618689|Mpanyani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328376|Msikisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131993007|Nanganga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.452778|39.161111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132146692|Chikukwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.600108|38.894179|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132147595|Nangoo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132156040|Chikundi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.522556|38.974759|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132171761|Chikunja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132176082|Namwanga]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132179456|Mitesa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132200227|Makong’onda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132235200|Mpeta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132236983|Lupaso]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132290582|Mijelejele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1003089|Masasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618690|Migongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.7223|38.8014|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618691|Mkomaindo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.728612|38.789993|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618692|Mkuti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.7232|38.8146|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618693|Mtandi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.697506|38.841993|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618694|Mwenge Mtapika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.737778|38.751278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619245|Mwenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.7324|38.8101|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619246|Nyasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.75|38.833056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619247|Sululu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.788319|38.714546|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619250|Temeke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.683056|38.799722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63625550|Marika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.783056|38.899722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63625573|Jida]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.7162|38.8231|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327524|Chanikanguo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328429|Mumbaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328493|Napupa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132451955|Matawale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106295|Masasi Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122592|Badi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122665|Budekwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4575|33.82|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122669|Buchambi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.093333|33.718889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123081|Ipililo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123095|Isanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123647|Kulimi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123960|Masela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124237|Mpindo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124507|Nguliguli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124559|Nyabubinza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613574|Busilili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.331667|33.786389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614038|Dakama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.493333|34.041111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615681|Kadoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.95|33.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619493|Malampaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623234|Sukuma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624900|Shishiyu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618857|Lalago]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618858|Ng'wigwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618859|Mwamanenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618860|Mwang'honoli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618861|Seng'wa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618862|Zanzui]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381232|Senani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381334|Binza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381355|Mwamashimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785741|Maswa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5099287|Chimala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.85645|34.024142|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6727699|Madibira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.2|34.816667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6734774|Mahongole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.61467|34.253761|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6754142|Mapogoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.567303|33.731015|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7378823|Ruiwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.766667|33.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7876423|Ubaruku]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.674069|34.317319|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7902638|Utengule Usangu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.68937|33.88465|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10997321|Mawindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.683333|34.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30592318|Luhanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752319|Ipwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752322|Imalilosongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752324|Lugelele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752326|Ihahi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752330|Itamboleo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752331|Miyombweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.333996|34.707715|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752335|Mwatenga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753514|Kongolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63625651|Igava]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132250481|Igurusi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799622|Mbarali District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6101374|Iyunga Mapinduzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799690|Mbeya City District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.067547|33.380512|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7375712|Ruanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799690|Mbeya City District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.89|33.43|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125825795|Tembela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799690|Mbeya City District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.9408|33.4884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132249541|Mabatini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799690|Mbeya City District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132251388|Igawilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799690|Mbeya City District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7698014|Tembela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.940881|33.488299|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-8.9753|33.6277|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55574451|Bonde la Usongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''
| {{Coord|-8.953333|33.260833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-8.909573|33.45176|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63625743|Itawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5991438|Igale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.01425|33.421597|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5994586|Ihango]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.083204|36.59682|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5996304|Ikukwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.777854|33.294105|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5997528|Ilembo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.238|33.376|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6001288|Ilungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.51263|33.446609|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6061529|Inyala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.866667|33.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6089486|Isuto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.076437|33.24943|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6100903|Iwiji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.242817|33.203978|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6100909|Iwindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.986244|33.34949|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930156|Mshewe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.857829|33.275468|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7878847|Ulenje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.93333|33.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7902640|Utengule Usongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.891215|33.321735|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10997392|Ijombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.92246|33.590271|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752296|Lwanjiro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753482|Igoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.005|33.683056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753484|Itewe (Mbeya DC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.891667|33.601944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753486|Maendeleo (Mbeya DC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753490|Masoko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753493|Nsalala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125540402|Shizuvi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125545523|Izyira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125580394|Mjele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5468791|Forest]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799690|Mbeya City District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.89|33.43|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5555330|Ghana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.888935|33.430557|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5991473|Iganzo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.879781|33.459447|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6001005|Ilomba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.921389|33.496944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6078850|Isanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.895989|33.456469|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6094374|Itende]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-6.766667|34.383333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6094706|Itiji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.901697|33.432396|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6101369|Iyunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.937389|33.411153|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6729231|Maendeleo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.890478|33.428958|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799594|Mbalizi Road]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.900888|33.447113|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944620|Mwakibete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.933333|33.483333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944690|Mwansanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799690|Mbeya City District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.766667|33.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944693|Mwansekwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.862452|33.48656|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7049257|Nonde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.891442|33.426675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7067543|Nsalaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.885868|33.551022|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7067575|Nsoho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.880153|33.424309|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7071354|Nzovwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.91833|33.438033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7522125|Sinde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.902512|33.452976|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7530811|Sisimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.891065|33.443405|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10995947|Uyole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.91667|33.5667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Buses in Uyole stand 33699761141122 20200104 094322784.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10996732|Kalobe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.915387|33.413669|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11183574|Maanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.907849|33.457338|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123037|Iduda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.93282|33.519586|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123065|Ilemi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.89303|33.479669|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123102|Itezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.883333|33.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123108|Isyesye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.893524|33.504246|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123109|Itagano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.85|33.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123125|Iwambi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.922834|33.385154|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123126|Iziwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.867701|33.396612|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123858|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.894908|33.431474|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14918173|Iganjo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.91685|33.566846|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14918175|Iyela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q46949707|Mbeya Urban]]''
| {{Coord|-8.922618|33.461692|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2309656|Liuli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.086833|34.642694|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Liuli MV Iringa Tamimo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6405967|Kigonsera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.8|35.066667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124236|Mpapa (Mbinga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.129964|34.915823|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124780|Ruanda (Mbinga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618587|Kipapa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.015042|34.722879|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618588|Kipololo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.884892|34.80897|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618591|Kitumbalomo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.78363|34.900661|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618592|Mkako]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.752125|35.134163|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618593|Namswea]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.599934|34.784956|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619220|Kambarage (Mbinga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.100108|34.846814|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131694269|Lukarasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.777276|34.980275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131694785|Amani Makoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.673424|35.121795|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131695893|Mhongozi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.718506|34.93688|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131730775|Muungano (Mbinga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131731181|Wukiro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.918184|34.85309|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124229|Mpepai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.145046|35.176752|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124407|Myangayanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.933611|34.940278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125140|Utiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.881981|35.054172|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620233|Mbinga Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.92345|35.00691|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618586|Kihungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.034291|35.230186|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618590|Luwaita]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.988333|34.945278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619222|Kitanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.91284|35.155963|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330567|Kikolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.018034|35.139572|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131747308|Mateka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.92097|34.96622|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131747506|Mbambi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.93999|34.99043|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131747752|Matarawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.93816|35.00276|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131747946|Bethrehemu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.93963|35.01321|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131748215|Luhuwiko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.94844|35.03523|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131748273|Lusonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.95518|35.0069|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131749083|Masumuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.96165|34.98761|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131757377|Mbinga Mjini B]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.95337|34.99502|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131757702|Kagugu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q115668857|Mbinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.079632|35.018916|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123063|Ikunguigazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123069|Ilolangulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123079|Iponya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123966|Masumbwe Ward]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.6501|32.160702|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125126|Ushirika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613241|Bukandwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.665556|32.267778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618867|Lugunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622724|Nyasato]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618897|Isebya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618898|Ikobe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618899|Ngemo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618900|Lulembela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618901|Nyakafulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618902|Ng'homolwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62620277|Nanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62620681|Mbogwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910070|Mbogwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2535530|Vwawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.119167|32.942778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-9.11667|32.93333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-9.115|32.942778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5643703|Halungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.9378|32.8132|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5991451|Igamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.9654|32.9353|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6078829|Isandula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.213078|32.865577|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6078879|Isansa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.8192|32.9779|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6092490|Itaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.8712|32.7772|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6099758|Ivuna]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.4|32.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885757|Mlowo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-9|32.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930158|Msia]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.0228|32.7829|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6948070|Myovizi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.9884|33.0493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6961391|Nambinzo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.7273|32.632|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7375713|Ruanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.9827|33.1128|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10996994|Nyimbili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.2349|33.0491|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10998306|Iyula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.0667|33.1385|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11203372|Chitete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.4037|33.0677|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11210283|Ihanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.1665|32.8666|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30693002|Ipunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.110993|32.771847|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752314|Nanyala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753508|Bara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1914938|Mbozi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122604|Bargish]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.7975|35.544722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122853|Dongobesh]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.066667|35.383333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122979|Haydom]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.191971|35.020871|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123837|Maghang]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.157003|35.094128|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123941|Maretadu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.148647|35.214686|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123958|Masieda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.706274|35.465173|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124019|Mbulu Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125265|Yaeda Chini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.886863|35.205992|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613104|Bashay]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.975|35.283889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619927|Masqaroda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.894661|35.37264|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618781|Dinamu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.05116|35.26596|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618782|Eshkesh]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.965598|35.037423|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618784|Endamilay]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.02142|35.167891|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618785|Geterer]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.224358|35.060859|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618786|Gidihim]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.122841|35.327531|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618789|Hayderer]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.230197|35.152818|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618793|Yaeda Ampa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.008598|35.412065|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62339533|Tumati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.070748|35.437612|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139794892|Labay]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.065421|35.251339|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139795636|Endahagichan]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009154|Mbulu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.783067|35.395485|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122941|Gehandu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.806389|35.626944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123192|Kainam]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.913369|35.583834|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125012|Tlawi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.917459|35.483247|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614075|Daudi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.761944|35.543056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621456|Murray]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.013316|35.560828|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618778|Ayamaami]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.883611|35.548889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618779|Ayamohe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.843611|35.573611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618783|Endagikot]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.873319|35.52575|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618787|Gunyoda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.783053|35.487091|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618788|Imboru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.84303|35.519721|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618790|Nahasey]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.889136|35.650314|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618791|Nambisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.948227|35.567723|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618792|Sanu Baray]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.858065|35.557847|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619274|Uhuru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.82836|35.558994|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62341196|Marang]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139819930|Silaloda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111532421|Mbulu Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.838215|35.441357|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122689|Bukundi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.788056|34.633611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123075|Imalaseko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123116|Itinje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123448|Kimali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123725|Lingeka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123747|Lubiga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124352|Mwabuzo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124353|Mwabusalu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124367|Mwamanongu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124377|Mwanhuzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.533333|34.316667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124382|Mwanjolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124534|Nkoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618059|Kisesa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621569|Mwabuma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621680|Mwamalole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621740|Mwamishali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621767|Mwandoya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622257|Ng'hoboko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618840|Mwamanimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618841|Mwakisandu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618843|Mwangundo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618844|Mwanyahina]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618845|Mwasengela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618847|Tindabuligi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63307230|Sakasaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6804330|Meatu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.169|34.3802|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6737804|Maji ya Chai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625116|Meru District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3455|36.897944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130282843|Ngabobo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625116|Meru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130283454|Uwiro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625116|Meru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130284072|Maruvango]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625116|Meru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130284585|Malula (Meru)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625116|Meru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130284967|Imbaseni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625116|Meru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130294758|Nkoanekoli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625116|Meru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130297211|Ambureni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625116|Meru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130298655|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625116|Meru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130298738|Shambarai Burka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20625116|Meru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123477|Kinowe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.94869|39.7595|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123582|Maziwa Ng'ombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.98698|39.86009|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124899|Shumba Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.96578|39.82311|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124900|Shumba Viamboni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.00145|39.76263|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619358|Makangale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.90776|39.69179|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623739|Wingwi Mapofu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.01377|39.80684|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623746|Wingwi Njuguni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.02479|39.80782|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381269|Mtemani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.02807|39.82886|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381270|Msuka Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.91286|39.72795|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381271|Mlindo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.03185|39.79402|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381272|Mjini Wingwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.99915|39.83938|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381273|Kiuyu Mbuyuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.94606|39.86091|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381274|Majenzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.98518|39.83165|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381275|Sizini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.98583|39.80634|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381276|Tondooni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.94064|39.68998|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381277|Wingwi Mjananza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.04073|39.82459|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381278|Tumbe Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.95839|39.79369|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381279|Tumbe Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.95198|39.78005|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381319|Konde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9454|39.74192|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381682|Chimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.97252|39.75983|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63434031|Micheweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9763|39.84053|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86660043|Kinyasini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.02331|39.7406|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86660079|Mgogoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.99537|39.7337|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104521170|Kifundi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.97071|39.73271|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104521220|Mihogoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.99931|39.78646|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108914783|Msuka Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6837342|Micheweni District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6080543|Ishozi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.15|31.765|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944217|Mutukula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.001111|31.415|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122670|Bugorora]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.251667|31.576944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122714|Buyango]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.133056|31.641944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122945|Gera (Missenyi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123097|Ishunju]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.128159|31.78752|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123203|Kakunyu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.031258|30.940167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123241|Kanyigo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.086058|31.732818|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123261|Kashenye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.014197|31.770295|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124074|Minziro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.054425|31.537393|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124803|Ruzinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.079985|31.648247|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613161|Bugandika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.274722|31.668056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613628|Bwanjai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.197222|31.704722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617413|Kilimilile]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622423|Nsunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.128043|31.39404|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618623|Kassambya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.206454|31.426895|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618624|Mabale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.356091|31.376224|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619229|Kitobo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.216497|31.632771|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185541|Mushasha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.262892|31.510457|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137722367|Mutukula (Missenyi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112808|Missenyi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122678|Buhingo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.061944|33.003056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122712|Busongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.112778|32.919444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123029|Idetemya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.710381|32.926451|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123042|Igokelo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.801179|33.049313|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123074|Ilujamate]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.034511|32.81653|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123232|Kanyelele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.668703|33.116152|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123404|Kijima (Misungwi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.067267|33.116581|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123632|Koromije]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.700579|33.166495|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124007|Mbarika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.918742|32.841908|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124080|Misasi (Misungwi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.011328|33.086215|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124381|Mwaniko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.875634|33.219125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124519|Nhundulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.219187|32.888478|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124946|Sumbugu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.883439|32.963398|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125087|Ukiriguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.724122|33.042671|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125122|Usagara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613403|Bulemeji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.745833|32.988611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616401|Kasololo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.926684|33.016205|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623107|Shilalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.145588|33.02823|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618946|Gulumungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.06321|32.932338|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618947|Ilalambogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618948|Isesa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618949|Mabuki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.987334|33.182874|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619288|Mondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021166|Lubili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.119804|32.79227|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021176|Mamaye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.741554|33.104892|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021480|Fella (Misungwi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.650196|33.030435|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021648|Misungwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.854444|33.093889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138316117|Isenengeja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.219114|32.85141|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138335555|Buhunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16999839|Misungwi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.036684|32.881892|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122566|Amaani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122803|Chumbuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.154277|39.21713|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123130|Jang'ombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.17363|39.211213|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123243|Karakana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.146018|39.217541|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123425|Kikwajuni Bondeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.167281|39.194572|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123511|Kiponda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.160152|39.190607|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123536|Kisima Majongoo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.167446|39.19827|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123656|Kwaalinato]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123660|Kwaalamsha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123664|Kwahani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.167384|39.207844|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123676|Kwamtipura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.157728|39.220253|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123865|Makadara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.159249|39.206242|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123896|Malindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.157112|39.194141|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124060|Miembeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.172335|39.200818|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124069|Mikunguni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.163214|39.207002|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124109|Mkele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.161056|39.212117|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124141|Mkunazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.163933|39.191922|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124157|Mlandege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.161447|39.19975|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124345|Muungano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.166151|39.212528|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124728|Rahaleo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.164467|39.201332|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124852|Sebleni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.166542|39.216144|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614465|Gulioni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.159433|39.202708|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616838|Kidongo Chekundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.169356|39.210597|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617163|Kikwajuni Juu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.171062|39.195127|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617316|Kilimahewa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617341|Kilimani (Mbinga TC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q696985|Mbinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.992849|35.034375|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619162|Magomeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.177184|39.218876|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619987|Matarumbeta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.17102|39.208974|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620387|Mchangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.159947|39.196606|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621203|Mpendae]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.182669|39.214788|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621843|Mwembeshauri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.166727|39.201064|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621852|Mwembetanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.163953|39.197757|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623044|Shangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.164426|39.188306|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623062|Shaurimoyo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.155859|39.210392|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623432|Urusi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.177656|39.208152|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623562|Vikokotoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.162864|39.195065|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864598|Amani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.162556|39.218055|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864599|Kilimahewa Juu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.161591|39.223006|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864600|Kilimahewa Bondeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.160009|39.217767|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864601|Kisiwandui]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.16535|39.195805|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864602|Kwaalimsha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.164446|39.209611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864603|Kwaalinatu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.169788|39.204372|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864605|Mwembeladu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.162453|39.202708|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864606|Sogea]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.170034|39.214891|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864607|Kwa Wazee]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.167466|39.221855|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864608|Meya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.174534|39.214891|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864609|Migombani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.189243|39.21072|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64864611|Mwembe Makumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.14797|39.209899|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1734296|Mwanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.661667|37.576667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5618028|Gumanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.233333|34.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6001270|Ilunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.36328|34.79815|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414455|Kinyangiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.45|34.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930163|Msingi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.333333|34.566667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944670|Mwangeza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.11053|34.82221|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042575|Nkinto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.14459|34.76695|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123022|Ibaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.08523|34.60309|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124234|Mpambala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.06108|34.57274|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618542|Kikhonda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.45302|34.72089|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618545|Miganga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.23352|34.72222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619212|Matongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.08774|34.74794|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134974478|Nkalakala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.25021|34.766839|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134977275|Kinampundu]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134977284|Kinampundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.415034|34.800137|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135107718|Tumuli (Mkalama)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25230677|Mkalama District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.551862|34.566638|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122861|Duga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122955|Gombero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123926|Manza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8403|39.1382|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124057|Mhinduro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124286|Mtimbwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614055|Daluni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618517|Kwale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9632|39.1397|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621596|Mwakijembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619034|Mayomboni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7436|39.1655|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619035|Sigaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619036|Mnyenzani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0272|39.9016|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619038|Parungu Kasera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7745|39.0462|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619300|Boma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.878167|39.2007|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619301|Mapatano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55577755|Bwiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.747778|38.848611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330396|Bosha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330422|Doda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331216|Maramba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331261|Mkinga (Nkasi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.491715|30.612396|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331269|Moa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10996844|Mkinga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7686|39.1724|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122798|Chumbageni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.324444|39.696111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123231|Kangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.426039|39.690432|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123296|Kengeja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.418807|39.726919|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123585|Kiwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.399454|39.759996|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123880|Makombeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.339054|39.654398|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124018|Mbuguani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.353846|39.665738|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124093|Mizingani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.35409|39.70206|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124272|Mtangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.371514|39.777746|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124275|Mtambile]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124313|Muambe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.42189|39.74356|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124516|Ngwachani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3278|39.73888|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125095|Ukutini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.349079|39.758845|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125153|Uweleni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.362063|39.653329|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618122|Kisiwa Panza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.45813|39.64692|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619455|Makoongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.379978|39.623334|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620941|Mkanyageni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.40373|39.66689|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623599|Wambaa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.301252|39.675723|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618729|Mbuyuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.365022|39.645933|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55581217|Chambani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.343056|39.783889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55581278|Changaweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.371667|39.672778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55582632|Chokocho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.425833|39.653889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878190|Michenzani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.39781|39.63928|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878192|Mkungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.39978|39.71669|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878193|Shidi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.387456|39.652672|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878219|Jombwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.415438|39.753381|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878220|Ng'ombeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.357379|39.646837|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878221|Kuukuu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.438982|39.696801|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878222|Mgagadu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3444|39.72639|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878223|Minazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.37036|39.72556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878224|Mjimbini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.40143|39.69023|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878225|Shamiani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.44071|39.73641|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878226|Stahabu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.410302|39.646098|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104527710|Kendwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q18459758|Mkoani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.386963|39.743026|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122698|Bupu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123564|Kitomondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123759|Lukanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123835|Magawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124105|Mkamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124153|Mkuranga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124670|Panzuo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125168|Vikindu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617689|Kimanzichana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617824|Kiparang'anda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618101|Kisiju]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620214|Mbezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621622|Mwarusembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622357|Njia Nne]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622531|Nyamato]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623147|Shungubweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623303|Tambani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623541|Vianzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327482|Beta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327565|Dondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327771|Kisegesege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327929|Mipeko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328380|Msonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328450|Mwandege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328675|Tengelea]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885533|Mkuranga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123821|Machimboni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885713|Mlele District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63164838|Nsimbo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124544|Nsimbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885713|Mlele District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63164838|Nsimbo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125136|Utende]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885713|Mlele District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.6509|32.0063|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614980|Ilela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885713|Mlele District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.81508|32.08873|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615052|Ilunde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885713|Mlele District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.7418|32.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615099|Inyonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885713|Mlele District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.7234|32.0567|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618531|Kasansa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885713|Mlele District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86666082|Mpimbwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618532|Ikuba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885713|Mlele District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86666082|Mpimbwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618535|Urwila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885713|Mlele District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618537|Nsenkwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885713|Mlele District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.7748|32.0137|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381300|Majimoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6885713|Mlele District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86666082|Mpimbwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.2518|31.3955|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5099255|Chilulumo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.6645|32.3733|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6359713|Kamsamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.333333|32.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6983676|Ndalambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.0842|32.499|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11041604|Myunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.86|32.3021|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11184075|Nkangamo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.2047|32.6034|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11207696|Chiwezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.1916|32.7266|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-9.191667|32.726389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752347|Mkulwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752350|Nzoka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753515|Mpapa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753518|Chitete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63625310|Kapele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''<br/>[[Agbègbè Mbeya]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97255585|Mkomba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125235|Momba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q368331|Engutoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3128|36.4485|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5377443|Engarenaibor]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.505278|36.545556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5377449|Engaruka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.983333|35.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5397947|Esilalei]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.48672|35.9342|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5530354|Gelai Lumbwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.537778|36.188611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5530356|Gelai Meirugoi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.715833|36.041944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6668932|Lolkisale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.766667|36.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6740496|Makuyuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.546553|36.10455|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6786019|Matale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.216667|37.366667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6894910|Moita]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.486441|36.56509|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6898833|Monduli Juu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.299122|36.445283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193514|Tingatinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6673918|Longido District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7447814|Selela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.20464|35.94424|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10996663|Monduli Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.298522|36.445241|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124883|Sepeko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.391691|36.328802|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619102|Lepurko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4118|36.2171|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619103|Meserani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4098|36.4857|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619104|Mswakini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2|36.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619327|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3548|36.8671|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130223087|Lashaine]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130223497|Mfereji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.14616|36.40504|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130235146|Naalarami]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130235597|Lemooti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130263564|Migungani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132203502|Mto wa Mbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2220726|Monduli District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.395278|35.859444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1000024|Kisaki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.456667|37.605833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Kisaki.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3875760|Ngerengere]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.75|38.116667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ngerengere Station building with Post Office.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122723|Bwakila Juu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.281389|37.720278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122724|Bwakila Chini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.359722|37.833056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123257|Kasanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123349|Kibogwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123357|Kibungo Juu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123375|Kidugalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123479|Kinole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123516|Kiroka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123608|Kolero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123769|Lundi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124061|Mikese]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124106|Mkambarani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124147|Mkulazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124154|Mkuyuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124187|Mngazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124294|Mtombozi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124977|Tawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124982|Tegetero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125048|Tununguo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618036|Kisemu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621531|Mvuha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623013|Selembala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623194|Singisa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619350|Gwata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619351|Bungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.2004|37.792|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619352|Konde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185594|Ngerengere]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330658|Matuli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710539|Morogoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122623|Bigwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.816667|37.722222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122646|Boma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123400|Kihonda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123473|Kingo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124097|Mji Mkuu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124169|Mlimani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124392|Mwembesongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124809|Sabasaba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125151|Uwanja wa Taifa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617236|Kilakala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.827222|37.687778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617732|Kingolwira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619067|Mafiga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620123|Mazimbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620287|Mbuyuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621907|Mzinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623244|Sultan Area]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623506|Kiwanja cha Ndege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62523693|Kichangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329418|Lukobe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97253529|Chamwino]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97254543|Kauzeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97254617|Kihonda Maghorofani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97255026|Luhungo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97255075|Mafisa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97255098|Magadu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97255593|Mkundi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97257158|Tungi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4802311|Arusha Chini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.583333|37.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6346889|Kahe Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.471912|37.516016|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6404063|Kibosho Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.250921|37.316152|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406809|Kilema Kati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.294917|37.494234|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406811|Kilema Kusini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.393159|37.52444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6415292|Kirima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.281458|37.301275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6416267|Kirua Vunjo Kusini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.392057|37.463598|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6416268|Kirua Vunjo Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.325259|37.432119|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6721618|Mabogini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.432461|37.360928|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745487|Mamba Kaskazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.264527|37.541978|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745492|Mamba Kusini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.304515|37.545317|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6754805|Marangu Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.279462|37.499525|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6754808|Marangu Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.283347|37.521572|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799723|Mbokomu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.306207|37.375671|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944741|Mwika Kusini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.348964|37.570552|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7084561|Old Moshi Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.307799|37.405428|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7084564|Old Moshi Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3895|37.3898|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7901380|Uru Kaskazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.246525|37.355434|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7901382|Uru Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.291279|37.365716|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7901384|Uru Shimbwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.25984|37.377217|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7901385|Uru Kusini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.298091|37.327656|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10997907|Kibosho Kati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.179444|37.321667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10998241|Kindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.389254|37.316039|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10998437|Kilema Kaskazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.259185|37.467512|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10998981|Mwika Kaskazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.322744|37.58025|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11202681|Kibosho Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.248906|37.322037|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11202986|Kirua Vunjo Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.34751|37.489102|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11230048|Okaoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.218461|37.292648|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123191|Kahe Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123460|Kimochi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123888|Makuyuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131311544|Njia Panda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3324799|Moshi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4941387|Bondeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''<br/>[[Agbègbè Kilimanjaro]]
| {{Coord|-3.360556|37.338611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6406944|Kilimanjaro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.383333|38.05|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-3.3376|37.3268|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6418739|Kiusa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3532|37.3358|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6737661|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3401|37.3394|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885370|Mji Mpya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3710547|Morogoro Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3487|37.3394|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7143119|Pasua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3702|37.3404|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123633|Kongoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.373222|37.326889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123990|Mawenzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3487|37.3394|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124253|Msaranga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.333333|37.366667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124742|Rau]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.309056|37.345444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17109677|Njoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3557|37.3499|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-3.3565|37.3471|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616209|Karanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3403|37.3021|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-3.344954|37.307622|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619116|Boma Mbuzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.375556|37.341667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619117|Kiboriloni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3359|37.3699|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619118|Longuo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3215|37.3201|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619119|Shirimatunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3613|37.3083|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619120|Mfumuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3357|37.3462|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619338|Kaloleni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3716|37.3481|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-3.3712|37.3458|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619342|Miembeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3503|37.3544|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-3.356333|37.353861|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619344|Ng'ambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3478|37.381|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619346|Soweto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3529|37.3208|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-3.3593|37.3186|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619356|Mji Mpya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6916218|Moshi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3499|37.3613|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618539|Mpanda Hotel]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106692|Mpanda Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327707|Kazima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106692|Mpanda Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328442|Mwamkulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q49106692|Mpanda Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123331|Kibaoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q86666082|Mpimbwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.104|31.165|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125125|Usevya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q86666082|Mpimbwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.1034|31.2378|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619604|Mamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q86666082|Mpimbwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.3232|31.3709|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620195|Mbede]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q86666082|Mpimbwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.2051|31.3225|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618536|Mwamapuli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q86666082|Mpimbwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.1545|31.3692|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q428444|Kimagai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.510733|36.586387|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4891208|Berege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.5|36.283333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.506944|36.298056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5116463|Chunyu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.28169|36.330704|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5576305|Godegode]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.537641|36.560996|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5617930|Gulwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.45|36.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6403941|Kibakwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.716667|36.366667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6699891|Luhundwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.800634|36.41417|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6703455|Lumuma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.816667|36.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6784102|Massa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.983333|36.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6798190|Mazae]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.343515|36.441881|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6861919|Mima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.533333|36.133333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885759|Mlunduzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.733333|36.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6928347|Mpwapwa Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.34993|36.476089|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7376921|Rudi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.966667|36.266667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7932503|Ving'hawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.36816|36.4933|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10969150|Ipera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.866858|34.933547|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10997965|Wotta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.68333|36.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10998403|Mbuga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.978862|36.609169|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125202|Watiriko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746313|Pwaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.698|36.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619056|Chipogoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.835833|36.0675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619057|Iwondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619058|Lupeta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619059|Mtera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619060|Nghambi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619309|Lumuma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619310|Malolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619313|Kingiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62342422|Chitemo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62353462|Lufu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62353737|Galigali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6928338|Mpwapwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122662|Bugarama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.268372|32.422406|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122770|Chela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.547233|32.55006|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123771|Lunguya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.38445|32.401539|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124362|Mwalugulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.800556|32.811235|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124849|Segese]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.534538|32.421756|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613417|Bulige]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.496111|32.668333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613560|Busangi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.650556|32.549722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615194|Isaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.907992|32.940273|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622305|Ngaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.640676|32.624896|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622443|Ntobo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.649186|32.456875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618649|Bulyanhulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.251667|32.492222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618651|Mwanase]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.653691|32.759641|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618657|Shilela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.460349|32.413493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619230|Kashishi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.526045|32.729344|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136813547|Ikinda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136883509|Mwakata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566205|Msalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.895049|32.884057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2363286|Sudi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.15|39.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12735203|Mchinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.7393|39.7163|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123436|Kilolambwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123584|Kiwalala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123970|Matimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124190|Mnolela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124300|Mtua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124415|Nachunyu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124433|Namupa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124593|Nyengedi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124798|Rutamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613864|Chiponda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618275|Kitomanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618355|Kiwawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619678|Mandwanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620792|Milola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620858|Mipingo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621929|Nahukahuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622111|Nangaru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622659|Nyangamara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619173|Kilangala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111218006|Lindi Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619176|Mtumbya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619177|Namangwale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619178|Navanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619179|Pangatena]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619367|Mnara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619368|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62576572|Longa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q8935650|Mtama District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122767|Chawi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.57|40.12|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122832|Dihimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.45282|39.94743|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123557|Kitaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123559|Kitere]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124432|Namtumbuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124450|Naumbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124471|Ndumbwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125292|Ziwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617876|Kiromba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619249|Mahurunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620106|Mayanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621336|Mtiniko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111188375|Nanyamba Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.590058|39.96182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622153|Nanguruwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622213|Nanyamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618678|Kiyanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618679|Libobe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618680|Milangominne]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.741584|39.850546|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618681|Mbembaleo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.700836|39.896952|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618682|Mtimbwilimbwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.607488|39.872235|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618683|Msanga Mkuu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618684|Mpapura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619240|Mbawala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619241|Muungano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619242|Tangazo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127717797|Msimbati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127822474|Moma (Tansania)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.3822|40.192|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128031797|Mkunwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131991625|Madimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.381667|40.326389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122806|Chuno]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.275556|40.163333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-10.846944|39.463889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123137|Jangwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.287748|40.096634|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123714|Likombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.3249|40.1987|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123836|Magengeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.2817|40.1178|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123860|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''<br/>[[Agbègbè Mtwara]]
| {{Coord|-10.28361|40.185454|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-10.2833|40.1856|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124304|Mtonya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124726|Railway]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.2709|40.1951|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125071|Ufukoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.3055|40.161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125164|Vigaeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.2808|40.1903|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620906|Mitengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.3648|40.1623|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623036|Shangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.2658|40.1846|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618711|Naliendele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.3648|40.1623|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618712|Kisungule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.2797|40.1105|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619255|Chikongola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.880833|39.445556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619256|Rahaleo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.2808|40.1903|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329431|Magomeni (Mtwara)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127721885|Nalingu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127867710|Lipwidi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127916852|Mangopachanne]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6930521|Mtwara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131911247|Mtawanya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.333333|40.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131912087|Tandika (Mtwara)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6930523|Mtwara Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6741268|Malangali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.564536|34.850898|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Malangali (3075651201).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123054|Ihowanza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.491879|34.775711|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123107|Itandula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.752572|34.925225|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123256|Kasanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.648886|35.159975|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123342|Kibengu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.265546|35.72633|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123592|Kiyowela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.889779|35.209119|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123760|Luhunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.548423|35.464055|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123929|Mapanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.427874|35.768214|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124000|Mbalamaziwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.6086|34.9763|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124238|Mpanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.5803|35.3638|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124303|Mtwango]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.572732|35.331459|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124594|Nyololo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.458081|34.957895|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124794|Rungemba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q49106110|Mafinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.1776|35.3884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624065|Bumilayinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q49106110|Mafinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.393611|35.081944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624210|Idunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.647819|34.810164|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624215|Ifwagi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.410716|35.392752|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624221|Igombavanu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.234824|35.118759|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624226|Igowole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.560071|35.121213|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624232|Ihalimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.253397|35.534363|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624239|Ihanu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.498373|35.591594|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624252|Ikweha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624283|Isalavanu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q49106110|Mafinga Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.2531|35.2035|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624474|Makungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624593|Mdabulo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624669|Mninga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.606751|35.208291|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624729|Mtambula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.698312|35.006933|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624868|Sadani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.203362|34.978674|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63164490|Igombavu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133728754|Ikongosi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.380587|35.388652|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133808695|Idete (Mufindi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133825911|Maduma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260176|Mufindi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122732|Bwembwera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.201111|38.701389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123368|Kicheba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123840|Magila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1494|38.7674|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123965|Masuguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.176|38.7864|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124006|Mbaramo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1702|38.7832|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124081|Misalai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0249|38.6317|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124084|Misozwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0544|38.7722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124155|Mkuzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2422|38.8297|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124287|Mtindiro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2741|38.7644|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124536|Nkumba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.15309|38.72179|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124706|Potwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2265|38.6288|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125013|Tingeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1871|38.7562|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125274|Zirai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.98299|38.65605|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616937|Kigombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2949|39.0611|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Kigombe Masjid, Muheza District.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617577|Kilulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.208|38.7992|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618145|Kisiwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1484|38.6736|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618435|Kwafungo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619184|Magoroto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1084|38.7437|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619316|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1782|38.7908|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618993|Kwakifua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618994|Kwemkabala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1818|38.7834|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618995|Mbomole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0823|38.6205|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618996|Mhamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3052|38.637|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618997|Tongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618998|Mpapayu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2081|38.8489|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618999|Mlingoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619000|Pande Darajani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0588|38.8523|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619292|Amani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1|38.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619293|Tanganyika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1651|38.7928|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62210634|Genge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1812|38.80268|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-5.1803|38.8033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62214529|Lusanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1791|38.824|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62215473|Ngomeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1985|38.8949|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62217348|Songa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3199|38.7502|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124472739|Makole (Muheza)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933027|Muheza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2515|38.6963|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6374213|Kashasha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.757778|31.615833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Barbro Johansson's House in Kashasha.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6416538|Kishanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.251794|30.796073|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122622|Biirabo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.848056|31.546944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122667|Buganguzi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.677222|31.575556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122694|Bulyakashaju]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.601389|31.573333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122700|Burungura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.908889|31.4125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122705|Bureza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.816944|31.669444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122964|Goziba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.471111|32.611944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123057|Ijumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123117|Izigo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123189|Kagoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123263|Kasharunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123333|Kibanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123463|Kimwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123834|Magata Karutanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124311|Mubunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124495|Ngenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124786|Ruhanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614624|Ibuga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.63302|31.6108|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614900|Ikondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.7948|31.6199|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614938|Ikuza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615625|Kabirizi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.7501|31.5205|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615986|Kamachumu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616180|Karambi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618617|Kyebitembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621395|Muhutwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622413|Nshamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618631|Bisheke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.983889|31.520556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618633|Buhangaza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.718333|31.650278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618634|Bumbire]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.694722|31.871944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618635|Gwanseli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.9152|31.6344|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618636|Kikuku]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618637|Mayondwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618638|Kerebe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618639|Mafumbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618640|Mazinga Kisiwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618641|Mushabago]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618642|Nyakabango]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618643|Nyakatanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618644|Rulanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618646|Rutoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62628303|Katoke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62628634|Muleba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6933906|Muleba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122686|Bukumi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123514|Kiriba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124337|Murangi (Musoma)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.851145|33.481717|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124579|Nyambono]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.874134|33.700525|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124984|Tegeruka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.750771|33.716368|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613186|Bugwema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.953526|33.542632|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613274|Bukima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613642|Bwasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614240|Etaro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.509777|33.712829|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619436|Makojo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.882048|33.38201|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621358|Mugango]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.689204|33.703244|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622463|Nyakatende]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.585155|33.713031|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622608|Nyamrandirira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.818763|33.582139|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618824|Busambara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.744512|33.659346|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618920|Nyegina]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.543746|33.713456|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330399|Bulinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.837343|33.36294|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331326|Suguti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.79084|33.631158|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138545356|Rusoli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.8761|33.422947|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138547551|Musanja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.883912|33.466581|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138566347|Bugoji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.889337|33.735904|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138571552|Ifulifu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943044|Musoma District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122672|Buhare]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''<br/>[[Agbègbè Mara]]
| {{Coord|-1.530382|33.780277|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-1.528889|33.774722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122734|Bweri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.535582|33.848499|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123080|Iringo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.49962|33.813696|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123218|Kamunyonge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.503733|33.80086|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123550|Kitaji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.501086|33.806808|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124329|Mukendo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.492082|33.8071|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124399|Mwigobero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.496885|33.810153|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124401|Mwisenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124573|Nyakato]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.51323|33.81097|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622514|Nyamatare (Musoma MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.511826|33.794527|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619279|Kigera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331212|Makoko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138653052|Mshikamano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.534966|33.8116|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138653341|Rwamlimi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.527726|33.822113|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138653404|Kwangwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943048|Musoma Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122828|Diongoya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.07332|37.62377|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123228|Kanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123341|Kibati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123691|Langali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124031|Melela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124051|Mhonda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124115|Mkindo, Hembeti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124161|Mlali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124281|Mtibwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124413|Mzumbe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.776469|37.522381|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124986|Tchenzema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613494|Bunduki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.024167|37.621389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614532|Hembeti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617110|Kikeo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623253|Sungaji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618866|Mgeta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752778|Nyandira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62467170|Maskati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62489738|Mvomero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62509105|Doma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711212|Mvomero District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6408126|Kilomeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.766667|37.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123384|Kifula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.6267|37.6665|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123430|Kileo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.4772|37.5693|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123518|Kirongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123521|Kirya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.92278|37.48704|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123663|Kwakoa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123689|Lang'ata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.6774|37.4498|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124380|Mwaniko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124504|Ngujini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613978|Chomvu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.723056|37.665|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615600|Jipe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.5572|37.7213|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616866|Kighare]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618701|Lembeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621227|Msangeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.65015|37.66197|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619131|Kivisini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.5641|37.6379|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619132|Kigonigoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.6964|37.722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619133|Mgagao]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.9169|37.6582|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619134|Shighatini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.6706|37.6498|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619136|Toloha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.7149|37.7897|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62227043|Mwanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6944667|Mwanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.6614|37.5779|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122778|Chiola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.211944|38.846944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123379|Kiegei]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123721|Lionja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124013|Mbondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124130|Mkoka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124228|Mpiruka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124308|Mtua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124424|Namapwia]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124426|Nambambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124464|Nditi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124466|Ndomoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124795|Ruponda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124940|Stesheni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617289|Kilima Rondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617390|Kilimahewa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617802|Kipara Mnero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620006|Matekwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620956|Mkotokuyana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621081|Mnerongongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621940|Naipanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621952|Naipingo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622011|Namatula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622040|Namikango]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622132|Nangowe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21545753|Marambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.216667|38.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619183|Mneromiembeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62455182|Mnero Miembeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62455289|Kilimarondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327743|Kilimanihewa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328598|Raha leo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194478|Nachingwea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618596|Litola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.555125|35.932453|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618597|Likuyuseka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618598|Limamu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.857418|35.944658|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618600|Mchomoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.584943|36.326456|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330464|Hanga (Namtumbo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330696|Mputa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.2868|35.86261|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131816938|Msisima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.4302|36.2068|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131839431|Mkongo Gulioni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131839557|Lisimonji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1964386|Namtumbo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124523|Nitekela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111188375|Nanyamba Town District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621108|Mnima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111188375|Nanyamba Town District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622348|Njengwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111188375|Nanyamba Town District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131866831|Dinyecha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111188375|Nanyamba Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.704889|39.784044|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131870161|Nyundo (Tansania)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111188375|Nanyamba Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131870339|Mnongodi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111188375|Nanyamba Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.777355|39.968616|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131870513|Hinju]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111188375|Nanyamba Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122780|Chipuputa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.0575|38.394444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123718|Likokona]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.898211|38.262505|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123940|Maratani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124137|Mkonona]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124435|Nandete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124439|Nanyumbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.141754|38.505493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124442|Napacho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.158283|38.215365|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124873|Sengenya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618987|Lumesule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.874566|38.073187|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620772|Mikangaula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622123|Nangomba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618685|Mnanje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.895787|38.703059|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619243|Masuguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.324665|38.434715|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62511626|Mangaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327691|Kamundi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.82622|38.535614|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327896|Michiga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.925756|38.165583|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132830810|Kilimanihewa (Nanyumbu)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6964484|Nanyumbu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122777|Chilangala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.568719|39.162654|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123883|Makote]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123936|Maputi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.614019|39.284909|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124127|Mkoma II]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.40227|39.299467|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124162|Mkwedu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124189|Mnyambe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.647331|39.169822|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124307|Mtopwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.696489|39.390972|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124430|Namiyonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.869106|39.319637|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613898|Chitekete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.791944|39.224167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613943|Chiwonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.554444|39.355278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618237|Kitangari]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618832|Luchingu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619474|Makukwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.76667|39.39159|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619512|Malatu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620419|Mchemo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.71485|39.306358|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620468|Mcholi I]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.997135|39.426795|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620483|Mcholi II]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.922625|39.407893|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620969|Mkunya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.00732|39.38563|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621067|Mnekachi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.843022|39.212594|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622143|Nanguruwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.013889|39.346667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618695|Chilangalanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618696|Mdimbampelempele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618697|Chihangu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.597222|39.229167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618698|Nandwahi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.614536|39.401386|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618699|Mtunguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.75463|39.39328|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618700|Nakahako]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.75843|39.16589|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619251|Mtonya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.4|36.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62455636|Makonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.855361|39.278122|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62466341|Nambali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.50635|39.311792|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131918244|Mikumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131927734|Mnyeu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.676512|39.408866|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131934563|Muungano (Newala)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131934965|Mpwapwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132042374|Julia]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''<br/>[[Agbègbè Mtwara]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132042499|Nangwala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.925558|39.256146|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132058110|Mkulung'ulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132074525|Mtumachi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7016553|Newala District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132012716|Mahumbika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.915007|39.341485|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132025665|Tulindane]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111192420|Newala Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.907644|39.269609|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6398572|Keza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.75|30.683333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122659|Bugarama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.850345|30.532588|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123801|Mabawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.587448|30.517285|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124339|Murusagamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.969122|30.836127|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124584|Nyamiyaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.461735|30.693159|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124788|Rulenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.716831|30.628595|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124797|Rusumo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.403681|30.808652|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15953726|Muganza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.933333|30.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613303|Bukiriro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.743889|30.545|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616018|Kanazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.543353|30.631924|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616599|Kibimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621372|Mugoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.525978|30.537085|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622434|Ntobeye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.45331|30.636175|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622475|Nyakisasa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618645|Murukulazo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.4798|30.7136|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62623306|Kabanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62623333|Kasulo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.568189|30.850172|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62623359|Kirushya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.450428|30.542775|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62623386|Mbuba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.66349|30.59849|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62623517|Ngara Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.511299|30.657154|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137655751|Kibogora]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.841748|30.525818|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137660896|Nyamagoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15262254|Ngara District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.917101|30.778505|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3357920|Loliondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.05|35.616667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Loliondo skyline.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4784333|Arash]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.4|35.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5276350|Digodigo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.133333|35.716667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-2.11467|35.78894|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5376648|Enduleni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.219348|35.26849|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6349367|Kakesio]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.37519|34.98888|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7083275|Olbalbal]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.954331|35.34893|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7085709|Oldonyo-Sambu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.13448|35.910345|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192932|Orgosorok]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.047885|35.625409|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192944|Ngorongoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.25|35.516667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192955|Nainokanoka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3|35.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192965|Sale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.294048|35.708479|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192984|Pinyinyi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.42892|35.842802|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192993|Soit-Sambu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.9|35.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7193818|Malambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.5|35.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619086|Alailelai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.893333|35.6875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619088|Enguserosambu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.9603|35.665|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619089|Naiyobi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.8595|35.908|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619090|Ololosokwan]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.8764|35.3361|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619091|Oloipiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.0533|35.4527|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619092|Soit-Sambu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619093|Samunge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.1583|35.7015|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62228535|Maalon]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.2461|35.5798|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878230|Oloirien]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.0614|35.5608|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130406865|Kirangi (Ngorongoro)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130414604|Engaresero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130417427|Piyaya (Ngorongoro)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130438105|Ngoile]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130440186|Misigiyo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130445435|Alaitolei]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130456461|Eyasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559572|Ngorongoro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.43805|35.1769|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5987635|Idamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.413288|35.28388|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5993099|Igongolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.96911|34.90073|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5996149|Ikondo, Njombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.100444|35.266237|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6404737|Kidegembye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.269652|35.014949|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6704702|Lupembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.27435|35.235944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11209228|Ikuna]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.207683|34.908532|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124309|Mtwango]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.019756|34.799655|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752390|Matembwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.256646|35.148311|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752391|Kichiwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.068939|34.888731|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752393|Mfriga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.285386|35.379865|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330490|Ikuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331300|Njombe Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.333333|34.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140172618|Ukalawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q846037|Njombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.164468|35.292877|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123497|Kipagalo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2086273|Njombe Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143905|Makete District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.399722|34.031667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15238617|Kitandililo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042477|Njombe Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.824167|35.044444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753527|Ninga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042477|Njombe Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.096389|35.0575|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5994574|Ihanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.212778|35.033611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6405868|Kifanya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.546703|35.122396|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6704823|Luponde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.248349|38.699212|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6707068|Lyamkena]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.902778|34.817222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6740047|Makowo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.576667|34.489167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7903973|Uwemba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.474839|34.786409|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8047142|Yakobi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.416667|34.933333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10968477|Iwungilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.592074|34.892824|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17109551|Lugenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.464167|34.591389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17109594|Matola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752430|Utalingolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753531|Mji Mwema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753536|Ramadhani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7042479|Njombe Urban District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123271|Kate (Nkasi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.849852|31.180014|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123503|Kirando]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.36318|30.726237|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123504|Kipande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.801588|31.404504|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124282|Mtenga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124425|Namanyere]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.537222|31.079444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124917|Sintali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.013417|31.23825|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125188|Wampembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.979105|30.955547|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621012|Mkwamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.397776|31.293648|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618526|Nkandasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.665336|31.367474|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618528|Korongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.23519|30.659892|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618529|Nkomolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.443858|30.969284|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619192|Kabwe (Nkasi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.019326|30.675192|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619210|Kipili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.432565|30.639246|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381244|Ninde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.646225|30.815584|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381357|Isale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.638227|31.062611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381690|Kala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63390393|Chala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.5927|31.2707|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136452313|Kipundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136452851|Ntatumbila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136453469|Majengo (Nkasi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.444795|31.055449|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136456377|Mashete]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136456378|Mashete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136456476|Isunta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.504186|31.045755|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136456680|Paramawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.290668|31.046988|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136462709|Itete (Nkasi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.367801|30.649159|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136463389|Mkinga (Nkasi)]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136468889|Ntuchi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136468959|Myula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136472999|Kizumbi (Nkasi)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3711254|Nkasi District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.883545|30.833461|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124277|Mtapenda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q63164838|Nsimbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.3231|31.173|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124915|Sitalike]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q63164838|Nsimbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.6213|31.1408|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125077|Ugalla]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q63164838|Nsimbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.7846|31.1631|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623442|Uruwira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q63164838|Nsimbo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618530|Itenka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q63164838|Nsimbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.4823|30.9972|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618533|Litapunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q63164838|Nsimbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.2104|31.219|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619211|Kapalala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q63164838|Nsimbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.42179|31.15377|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327663|Ibindi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q63164838|Nsimbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.5177|31.0818|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124174810|Kanoge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q63164838|Nsimbo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.3977|31.2525|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122679|Buhongwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.618056|32.956389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122713|Butimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.5702|32.9247|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123040|Igogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.539113|32.906674|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123041|Igoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124016|Mbugani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.520304|32.922088|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124075|Mirongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.517433|32.904965|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124128|Mkolani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124663|Pamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.526164|32.906878|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615222|Isamilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.510461|32.909644|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620980|Mkuyuni (Mwanza)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.555162|32.91013|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021429|Nyamagana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.521926|32.895993|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021462|Mahina]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.560182|32.943901|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137874173|Nyegezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137878484|Mabatini (Mwanza)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.524752|32.917275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137884065|Kishili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.810232|33.364688|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137884249|Lwanhima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.602682|32.987674|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137884733|Luchelele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7070845|Nyamagana District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6400785|Kharumwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.2|32.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122710|Busolwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.989167|32.608333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124416|Mwingiro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124597|Nyugwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124887|Shabaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613378|Bukwimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.373333|32.613333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615729|Kafita]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615888|Kakora]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622651|Nyang'hwale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.059444|32.570278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618864|Izunya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618865|Nyijundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618867|Nyabulanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q24910068|Nyang'hwale District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124509|Ngumbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.785369|34.708592|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618594|Liwundi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.923904|34.706117|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618595|Luhangarasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.144765|34.989767|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131765606|Mpepo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.448969|35.074987|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131766088|Mipotopoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.470033|35.243619|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131766257|Upolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.210864|35.040873|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131781571|Lumeme]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.268851|34.998359|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131791165|Linga (Nyasa)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20623717|Nyasa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122668|Budushi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.816944|33.328333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122684|Bukene]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.233333|32.883333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123093|Isanzu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.305184|33.04207|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123188|Kahama Nhalanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.17265|32.78536|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123249|Karitu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.295371|32.976378|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123253|Kasela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.0938|32.9948|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123839|Magengati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8192|33.0591|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124068|Milambo Itobo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7666|32.881|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124095|Mizibaziba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5407|33.3079|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124364|Mwamala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.074|32.953|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124378|Mwangoye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.045042|33.065159|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124456|Ndala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.774247|33.24127|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124529|Nkiniziwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.600409|33.162976|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124715|Puge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.719722|33.167204|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124869|Semembela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.365848|32.675175|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124906|Sigili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.950386|32.989749|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125019|Tongi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.656416|33.340324|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125067|Uduka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.187713|32.903808|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125146|Utwigu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.412825|33.140858|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125205|Wela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.116057|33.327099|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614852|Igusule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.950385|32.88329|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614874|Ikindwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.119137|32.860126|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615171|Isagenhe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.327103|32.910313|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615405|Itobo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.171747|33.01463|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619621|Mambali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5398|32.686|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621148|Mogwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.302|32.864|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621383|Muhugi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.39839|33.280321|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621582|Mwakashanhala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.6481|33.0852|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622794|Nzega Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623090|Shigamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.195753|33.07531|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62391755|Lusu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.02643|33.21876|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62391781|Nata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327789|Kitangili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.224106|33.239455|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327879|Mbagwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.582436|33.102562|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328454|Mwantundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.461769|33.080943|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328457|Mwanzoli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.309776|33.30546|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328464|Mwasala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.984466|33.31324|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328517|Nzega Mjini Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.221438|33.194893|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328706|Uchama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.173479|33.18075|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328715|Ugembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.593575|32.981929|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124658832|Mbutu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6272309|Nzega District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.396|32.783|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135183163|Nzega Mjini Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20622794|Nzega Mjini]]''
| {{Coord|-4.221074|33.175559|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123055|Ijanija]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q124658630|Nzega Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.1995|33.1246|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123115|Itilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q124658630|Nzega Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.274471|33.185274|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124011|Mbogwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q124658630|Nzega Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.143778|33.258058|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620702|Miguwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q124658630|Nzega Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.20763|33.301432|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622805|Nzega Ndogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q124658630|Nzega Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.096346|33.15043|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135183160|Nzega Mjini Magharibi]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q124658630|Nzega Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122708|Bushiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3401|38.9385|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122731|Bweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3402|38.9381|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123453|Kimanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123510|Kipumbwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.633333|38.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123819|Madanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3496|38.9832|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-5.3594|39.0177|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124062|Mikunguni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.5347|38.9323|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124101|Mkalamo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.751|38.705|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124396|Mwera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4855|38.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124668|Pangani Magharibi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4231|38.973|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125059|Ubangaa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.435|38.882|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621873|Mwera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86664612|Magharibi A District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4887|38.9476|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622846|Pangani Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4243|38.9803|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623365|Tungamaa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.066667|39.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798794|Kimang'a]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3594|39.0177|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798799|Madanga Ward]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798802|Mikinguni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.5349|38.9323|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798804|Mkwaja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.783333|38.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798806|Pangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798927|Masika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.276496|38.847955|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798938|Pangani A]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48798941|Pangani B]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15265297|Pangani District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123274|Katangara Mrere]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123295|Keni Mengeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123299|Keni Aleni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123515|Kirongo Samanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123523|Kisale Masangara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123566|Kitirima Kingachi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123908|Mamsera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124246|Mrao Keryo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124437|Nanjala Reha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124975|Tarakea Motamburu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125062|Ubetu Kahe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125128|Ushiri Ikuini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616521|Kelamfua Mokala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617973|Kirwa Keni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619419|Makiidi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621178|Motamburu Kitendeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623118|Shimbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24236421|Holili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.380278|37.641111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619112|Kisale Msaranga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619113|Mahida]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619114|Marangu Kitowo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619115|Ngoyoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619334|Manda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752025|Mengwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62220551|Olele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330361|Aleni (Rombo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130461310|Reha (Rombo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130471261|Kitirima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130472095|Kingachi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130530745|Shimbi Kwandele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130534628|Mengeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130541773|Chala (Rombo)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365107|Rombo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122968|Goribe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.170069|34.24471|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123058|Ikoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.169466|34.310203|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123398|Kigunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.294451|34.087196|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123542|Kisumwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.424514|34.094237|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123556|Kitembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.199386|34.183492|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123618|Komuge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.451418|33.904972|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123630|Koryo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.311034|34.214874|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124076|Mirare]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.291589|34.192886|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124125|Mkoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.159935|34.034904|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124560|Nyahongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.216041|34.024222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124578|Nyamagaro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.229257|33.913852|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124585|Nyamtinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.253957|33.975097|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124587|Nyamunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.423806|33.836027|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124723|Rabour]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.430049|34.027915|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124963|Tai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613350|Bukura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.081609|34.109926|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613366|Bukwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.361394|34.268372|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617851|Kirogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.33668|34.01859|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618579|Kyang'ombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.351599|33.836658|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622745|Nyathorogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.363345|34.171124|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62619605|Roche]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.109679|34.188555|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138799827|Kinyenche]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138800254|Raranya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138849906|Nyaburongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138857757|Baraki (Rorya)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7366969|Rorya District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.367826|33.907771|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122805|Chunyu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123711|Likunja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123874|Makanjiro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123898|Malolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123914|Mandawa (Ruangwa)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124180|Mnacho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124441|Narung'ombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124777|Ruangwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618793|Luchelegwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619640|Mandarawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622027|Namichiga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622086|Nanganga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622384|Nkowe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619168|Chienjele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.281389|38.893056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619169|Chibula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.955833|39.053333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619170|Matambarale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619171|Nambilaje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619172|Chinongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.465833|38.930833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619174|Narungombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619175|Nandagala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619365|Nachingwea]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327883|Mbwemkuru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375725|Ruangwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122801|Chumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123062|Ikwiriri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124048|Mgomba (kata)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124126|Mkongo (Rufiji)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124502|Ngorongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.758889|38.5575|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125107|Umwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125150|Utete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620321|Mbwara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621815|Mwaseni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619364|Chemchem]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327768|Kipugira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65328370|Mohoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193239|Rufiji District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4986738|Bujela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.3525|33.696111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6378427|Katumba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.233333|33.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6450952|Kyimo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.216667|33.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6743728|Malindo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.323224|33.598181|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6785674|Masukulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.4|33.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122596|Bagamoyo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122691|Bulyaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.251667|33.653056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123484|Kinyala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.101826|33.480526|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123533|Kisiba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.332752|33.748549|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123586|Kiwira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.166667|33.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123756|Lufingo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.266667|33.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124537|Nkunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.2|33.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15633858|Kisondela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.909274|33.458328|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618505|Makandana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619189|Masoko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752299|Swaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q46949730|Mbeya Rural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6799682|Mbeya District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752309|Ibighi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752310|Kawetele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752311|Masebe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753496|Ikama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753502|Isongole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753504|Kikole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753505|Msasani (Rungwe)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.2725|33.664722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753507|Swaya (Rungwe)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799342|Ilima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799345|Iponjola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799350|Itagata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799352|Lupepo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799356|Matwebe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799357|Ndato]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799360|Suma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.478|33.182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799546|Msasani Ward]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.284451|33.654421|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126917497|Ndanto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132251501|Ikuti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7379875|Rungwe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122611|Bendera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.544167|38.078333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122647|Bombo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2669|38.0024|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122790|Chome]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2747|37.8986|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123401|Kihurio]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123509|Kirangare]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4573|37.9626|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123928|Maore]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2665|38.0522|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124050|Mhezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.1589|37.868|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124231|Mpinji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124259|Mshewa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.157|37.9189|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124264|Msindo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2033|37.9392|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124284|Mtii]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.3036|38.0047|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124406|Myamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124526|Njoro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.978|37.6604|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125178|Vudee]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.209444|37.885|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125180|Vuje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2599|38.0057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613615|Bwambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.373333|37.935833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614510|Hedaru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618171|Kisiwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.1373|37.9532|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-4.133|37.9506|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619402|Makanya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621835|Mwembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2256|37.7684|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622958|Ruvu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.218056|37.577778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623577|Vunta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4945|37.9784|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619106|Kalemawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.4342|38.094|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619107|Vumari]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.0228|37.735|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619329|Kisima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.0696|37.7447|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619330|Mabilioni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.5965|37.9781|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619331|Lugulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619332|Stesheni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.067|37.7273|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331286|Ndungu (Same)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124418179|Bangalala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2333|37.8581|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130735529|Same]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.06753|37.74602|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130902229|Gavao-Saweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131006555|Tae]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193222|Same District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122711|Busisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.706111|32.801667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122715|Buyagu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.811389|32.7775|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122725|Buzilasoga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.718333|32.470278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122772|Chifunfu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.4175|32.657778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123038|Igalula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.928151|32.719993|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123185|Kagunga (Sengerema)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.922568|32.616885|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123269|Kasungamile]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.585541|32.7335|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616477|Katunguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.507|32.675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622541|Nyamatongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.529048|32.790858|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622551|Nyamazugo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.550664|32.549657|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623293|Tabaruka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.67775|32.687118|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618935|Ibisabageni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.652809|32.654374|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618937|Kishinda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.776382|32.703416|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618938|Igulumuki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.663054|32.545794|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618939|Nyampulukano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.646908|32.64206|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618940|Mwabaluhi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.677614|32.648145|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618941|Nyatukara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.65986|32.623622|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021364|Kasenyi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.521558|32.62851|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021389|Sima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.722634|32.563648|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021395|Nyampande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.698384|32.754894|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137990882|Kahumulo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.68162|32.80897|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138006374|Ibondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.618096|32.664432|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138011775|Nyamizeze]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.604516|32.597784|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138012048|Ngoma (Sengerema)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138016379|Bitoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888290|Sengerema District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.767627|32.784784|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122707|Busawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.570278|34.4025|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123289|Kebanchabancha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.672009|34.545797|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123297|Kenyamonta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.669346|34.293134|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123678|Kyambahi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.928732|34.592846|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123817|Machochwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.557137|34.81132|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123916|Manchira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.925334|34.7174|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124447|Natta (Serengeti)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.026669|34.455685|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124580|Nyambureti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.826396|34.3467|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124762|Rigicha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.910357|34.367197|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124763|Ring'wani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.689572|34.452595|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124790|Rung'abure]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.74187|34.605851|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615342|Issenye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617994|Kisaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.552017|34.465478|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618012|Kisangura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.837017|34.734139|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622523|Nyamatare (Serengeti)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.811447|34.489596|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622601|Nyamoko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5026500|Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7022577|Ngoro]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618534|Majimoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.633958|34.350416|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618815|Mbalibali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.660773|34.945203|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618816|Geitasamo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.796121|34.66551|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618818|Morotonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.871574|34.674607|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618819|Magange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.757881|34.32306|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618820|Mosongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.916682|34.45231|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618821|Stendi Kuu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.831475|34.685712|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618822|Sedeco]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.807144|34.802982|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618823|Nyansurura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.618566|34.601186|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619278|Uwanja wa Ndege (Serengeti)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.863746|34.627952|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62617695|Ikoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.0713|34.615356|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138456127|Nyamoko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.803627|34.579007|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138495421|Nagusi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7193912|Serengeti District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122822|Didia]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.822533|33.082913|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123072|Ilola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.78845|33.065294|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123076|Imesela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.730092|33.103856|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123122|Itwangi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.856245|33.098871|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123784|Lyabukande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.571068|32.930707|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124363|Mwakitolyo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.392084|32.735618|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124365|Mwamala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.746478|33.318129|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124384|Mwantini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.67968|33.239628|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124665|Pandagichiza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.559196|33.325359|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124816|Salawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.328918|32.885225|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124924|Solwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125005|Tinde (Tansania)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.87099|33.196287|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125132|Usule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.767741|33.195082|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615242|Iselemagazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.542218|33.137406|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622995|Samuye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.817611|33.370885|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623459|Usanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.801976|33.3374|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618656|Lyabusalu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.502377|33.06598|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618658|Lyamidati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.638264|32.990646|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618659|Mwalukwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.516966|33.376063|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618660|Nsalala (Shinyanga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.915848|33.171882|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618661|Nyida]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.934108|33.088145|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618662|Nyamalogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.57359|33.237651|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619233|Bukene]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.702923|33.197807|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619234|Mwenge (Shinyanga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62780237|Masengwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.824482|33.409264|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62780399|Puni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819677|Shinyanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.872266|33.070935|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123023|Ibinzamata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.686347|33.418188|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123555|Kitangili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.685606|33.435186|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123603|Kizumbi (Shinyanga MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.721537|33.417663|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123615|Kolandoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.601507|33.533396|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124390|Mwawaza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.693544|33.333842|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124461|Ndala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.67338|33.39616|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613686|Chamaguha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.671111|33.443889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613785|Chibe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.606667|33.370278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614601|Ibadakuli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.629264|33.49467|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621671|Mwamalili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.551563|33.45409|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622327|Ngokolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.649393|33.425112|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618673|Masekelo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.67887|33.398284|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618676|Old Shinyanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.560123|33.408383|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619194|Kambarage (Shinyanga MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.658423|33.404679|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619239|Ndembezi (Shinyanga MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.638306|33.437693|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62780026|Lubaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.637706|33.394605|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63148314|Shinyanga Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7497842|Shinyanga Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619121|Kashashi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.2096|37.1223|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619122|Gararagua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.1628|37.0034|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619123|Naeny]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.1959|37.1056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619124|Livishi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.1614|37.0911|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619125|Makiwaru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.2331|37.037|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619126|Ndumeti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.9981|37.0699|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619127|Ngarenairobi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.0404|37.0513|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619128|Olkolili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.3063|37.0868|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619129|Sanya Juu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.1868|37.0709|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62227555|Nasai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.1895|37.0799|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62227759|Karansi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.1896|36.9879|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330392|Biriri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.2105|37.028|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124418470|Donyomurwak]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.268|37.0879|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124418476|Miti Mirefu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131388268|Kirua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131399868|Ormelili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131413796|Songu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513377|Siha District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12731656|Kipili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.435556|30.615556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122747|Chabutwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.689|32.7508|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123437|Kiloleli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.8829|32.9799|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123574|Kitunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.7973|33.2073|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124669|Pangale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2746|32.7169|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125054|Tutuo]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.4826|32.6648|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614787|Igigwa]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3814|32.7912|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615121|Ipole]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.789349|32.703252|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617531|Kiloli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8263|33.3654|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617781|Kipanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.8082|32.9243|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618745|Mpombwe]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3633|32.6951|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618747|Ngoywa]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618748|Usunga]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.7061|32.9412|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619266|Kisanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.5668|32.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619267|Misheni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.668333|32.521667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62512259|Mole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3821|32.6023|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329930|Sikonge (Bezirk)]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q7513861|Sikonge District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3984605|Terrat]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.86667|36.6|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Laramatak Lo-orkonerei Institute building in Terrat.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123732|Loibor-Siret]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2719|36.3767|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123733|Loiborsoit]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.8808|36.4249|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124030|Mererani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.583333|37.008333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124414|Naberera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.2|36.933333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124606|Oljoro No. 5]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.706091|36.666007|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124615|Orkesumet]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.461739|37.205457|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124802|Ruvu-Remit]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''<br/>[[Agbègbè Manyara]]
| {{Coord|-4.768056|37.733611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614219|Emboreet]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.97302|36.3962|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621243|Msitu wa Tembo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.665072|37.304564|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622337|Ngorika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.875846|37.375385|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623027|Shambarai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.759629|36.955075|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618794|Endiamtu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.583129|36.982773|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618795|Komolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.841308|36.713338|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618796|Naisinyai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.61367|37.14309|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618798|Endonyongijape]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.530546|37.34332|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618799|Kitwai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8512|37.2186|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140044786|Langai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888312|Simanjiro District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.286478|37.217071|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5995908|Ikhanoda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.592929|34.948501|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414465|Kinyeto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.761441|34.844829|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6740480|Makuro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.583333|37.433333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6826841|Mgori]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.833333|34.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930170|Msisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.640576|34.657331|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123070|Ilongero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.666667|34.866667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123841|Maghojoa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.675967|35.011412|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124290|Mtinko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.55|34.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124318|Mudida]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.433333|34.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125078|Ughandi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.587662|34.712262|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15253185|Merya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7|34.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618567|Kijota]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.60629|34.83527|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618568|Kinyagigi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.738492|34.934121|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618569|Mrama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.686527|34.896027|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618570|Msange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.648234|35.068476|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618571|Mughamo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.807867|34.915782|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618572|Mwasauya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.580659|35.018054|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618573|Ntonge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.70204|34.80721|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618576|Mughunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.89624|35.19217|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330514|Itaja (Singida)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.711021|35.069352|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134485816|Unyianga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819899|Singida District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.871707|34.708916|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930466|Mtipa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.766667|34.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6932173|Mughanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.612976|34.861546|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7897854|Unyamikumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.896316|34.759188|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123084|Ipembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.815764|34.74563|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123467|Kindai]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.834914|34.74706|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123861|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.82322|34.754708|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123912|Mandewa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.797513|34.710687|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124099|Mitunduruni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8|34.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124276|Mtamaa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.933333|34.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124336|Mungumaji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8298|34.7804|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124383|Mwankoko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.87409|34.68781|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125113|Unyambwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.803542|34.817654|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125135|Utemini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.8214|34.7276|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618574|Misuna]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618575|Uhamaka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.769666|34.660685|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330673|Minga (Singida)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134485809|Unyianga]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134497513|Kisaki (Singida MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10819900|Singida Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.907423|34.759896|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618606|Mpandangindo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.538515|35.60734|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618607|Mbinga Mhalule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.738882|35.342325|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131539833|Liganga (Songea)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.6775|35.2483|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131553026|Parangu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.60288|35.498174|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131560741|Litapwasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131580956|Lilahi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131583118|Kizuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1494669|Songea District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.88709|35.25453|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618601|Mjimwema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.664653|35.629183|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618602|Mwengemshindo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.63917|35.592907|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618603|Msamala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.640011|35.64508|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618604|Ndilimalitembo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.74026|35.666116|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618605|Seedfarm]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.660653|35.675351|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619224|Tanga (Songea MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330654|Mateka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.68944|35.661396|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132151886|Mjini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301409|Songea Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.671667|35.657222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123245|Kaoze]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.459743|32.170311|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123505|Kipeta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.30981|32.198529|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123682|Laela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.553257|32.031632|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123777|Lusaka (Sumbawanga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.482856|31.993997|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124063|Milepa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.030452|31.904821|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124241|Mpui]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.355928|31.836914|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124306|Mtowisa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.804802|31.750602|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124350|Muze]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124835|Sandulula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.173709|31.860714|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615705|Kaengesa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.299566|31.751937|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620604|Miangalua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.639395|32.117693|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618516|Msandamuungano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.087097|31.843414|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618517|Mfinga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.504024|31.44249|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618518|Kalambanzite]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.400226|31.945498|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330494|Ilemba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.242902|32.007715|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136411322|Muze (Sumbawanga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.69003|31.569119|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136412843|Zimba (Sumbawanga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.85378|31.829675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136413008|Kalumbaleza]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136413010|Kalumbaleza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.621684|31.510005|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136413336|Mwadui]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136417990|Kapenta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136418420|Kilangawana]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136418425|Kilangawana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.253406|32.328361|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136418813|Nankanga]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136418815|Nankanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.258624|32.047622|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136422063|Mnokola]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136422086|Mnokola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.641427|31.944457|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136423157|Kasanzama]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136423177|Kasanzama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.634044|32.05947|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136432453|Ikozi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136432612|Mpwapwa (Sumbawanga)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136433199|Lyangalile]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710540|Sumbawanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6741270|Malangali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.9716|31.5804|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123124|Izia]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.952108|31.613841|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123260|Kasense]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.9558|31.475331|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124875|Senga (Sumbawanga MC)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618520|Chanji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.975602|31.62004|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619208|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.931965|31.691802|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331232|Matanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136446965|Lwiche]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136446971|Lwiche]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136447664|Momoka]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136447818|Mafulala]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136447819|Mafulala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.934626|31.640299|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136447946|Msua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710549|Sumbawanga Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.971883|31.665058|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122766|Chemchem]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.022|32.8009|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122954|Gongoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.01357|32.8057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123086|Ipuli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.009126|32.850124|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123114|Itonjanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.985458|32.951853|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123199|Kakola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.864593|32.822907|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123208|Kalunde]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.976771|32.687384|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123242|Kanyenye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0251|32.8113|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124021|Mbugani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0105|32.7912|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124283|Mtendeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.98776|32.835804|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124460|Ndevelwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.107001|32.889119|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124479|Ng'ambo (Tabora)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.047675|32.799558|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124970|Tambuka-Reli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.00353|32.798394|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125156|Uyui]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.929767|32.87161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613773|Cheyo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0365|32.8279|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615293|Isevya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.009|32.8218|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615365|Itetemia]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.074026|32.802086|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617505|Kiloleni (Tabora)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.00657|32.81047|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618258|Kitete (Tabora)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.049042|32.81713|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619566|Malolo (Tabora)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623356|Tumbi (Tabora)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.075681|32.692162|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618749|Ifucha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9954|32.9001|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618750|Ntalikwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.13451|32.730557|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618751|Ikomwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.7805|32.7978|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619269|Kabila (Tabora)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329457|Mapambano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.999402|32.813373|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329555|Mpela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.023294|32.845817|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329764|Mwinyi (Tabora)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.032114|32.793442|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331254|Misha (Tabora)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136325817|Kidongochekundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7673548|Tabora Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.033835|32.798914|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122781|Chingungwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.805278|39.435556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123544|Kitama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.751791|39.72575|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123765|Lukokoda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.86167|39.53311|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123787|Lyenje]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.687058|39.549494|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124027|Mdimba Mnyoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.762893|39.471519|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124133|Mkonojowano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124135|Mkoreha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.850337|39.730586|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124146|Mkundi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.948483|39.554651|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124188|Mnyawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.916102|39.526828|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124440|Naputa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.832471|39.695367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124508|Ngunja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.447887|39.410894|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124967|Tandahimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.760165|39.626999|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613848|Chikongola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.871932|39.445515|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618772|Luagala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619265|Mahuta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620075|Maundo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.904891|39.661713|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620649|Michenjele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620716|Mihambwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.826037|39.802946|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620803|Milongodi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.73417|39.569595|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622052|Namikupa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.829368|39.631479|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622176|Nanhyanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.813874|39.526234|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618701|Dinduma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.82866|39.48601|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618702|Litehu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.496885|39.490797|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618703|Milingodi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618704|Mihuta]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618705|Mndumbwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.71277|39.48865|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618706|Mdimbamnyoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618707|Mchichira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.922811|39.534802|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618708|Mkwiti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618709|Mkonjowano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.601662|39.557492|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618710|Nambahu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.676829|39.63007|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55581551|Chaume]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.635833|39.479722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62523279|Kwanyama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.856017|39.594271|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132561961|Malopokelo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.759533|39.61584|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132717019|Mkwedu (Tandahimba)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7682403|Tandahimba District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.819876|39.364299|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122749|Central, Tanga District]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0724|39.0965|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122797|Chumbageni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.072|39.0906|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122864|Duga, Tanga District]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1084|39.0834|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123493|Kiomoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0548|38.9496|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123512|Kirare]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2481|39.0277|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123807|Mabokweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0246|39.0597|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123862|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0811|39.0935|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123884|Makorora]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0866|39.11|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123988|Maweni, Tanga District]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1|39.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124252|Msambweni, Tanga District]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0898|39.1015|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124385|Mwanzange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0944|39.0769|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124412|Mzizima, Tanga District]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0487|39.0442|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124489|Ngamiani Kati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0792|39.1018|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124490|Ngamiani Kaskazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.06667|39.1039|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124512|Nguvumali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0779|39.0777|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124973|Tangasisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1286|39.0881|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125123|Usagara]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0762|39.1102|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613997|Chongoleani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9852|39.0858|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619044|Mabawa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0999|39.1022|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619827|Marungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2133|39.0224|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621918|Mzingani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0811|39.1239|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622268|Ngamiani Kusini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0833|39.1017|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112206755|Tongoni, Tanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823935|Tanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2255|39.0814|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1938801|Mishamo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.612222|30.419444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123248|Karema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.820556|30.438889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Karema in 1883.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123265|Kasokola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.2793|31.0714|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123279|Katuma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.321|30.7083|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123283|Kawajense]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123826|Magamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.41752|31.08487|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124089|Misunkumilo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124233|Mpandandogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124542|Nsemulwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615004|Ilembo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.374|31.0739|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615655|Kabungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616328|Kashaulili]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621884|Mwese]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.1874|30.3171|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623054|Shanwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618538|Makanyagio]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618541|Sibwesa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.4936|30.7516|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618544|Kapalamsenga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8145|30.4904|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63164526|Ikola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.7435|30.4109|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63164574|Kakese]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329441|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124248685|Tongwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260136|Tanganyika District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122630|Binagi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.342778|34.465556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122963|Gorong'a]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.453611|34.673611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123291|Kemambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.511944|34.576389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123344|Kibasuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.42|34.445556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124338|Muriba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.395761|34.629527|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124389|Mwema]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.2234|34.3854|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124577|Nyakonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.3507|34.5715|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124588|Nyamwaga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.393554|34.579146|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124590|Nyandoto]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.346443|34.337418|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124682|Pemba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.29229|34.504638|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613452|Bumera]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.281111|34.294167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619732|Manga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.447053|34.221386|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622686|Nyanungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.416921|34.758282|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622695|Nyarero]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.39318|34.539588|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622705|Nyarokoba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623284|Susuni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.236294|34.349981|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618804|Itiryo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.392778|34.684444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618806|Genyange]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.334444|34.591389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618808|Mbogi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.300316|34.553506|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618811|Kentare]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.351944|34.433889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618812|Nyansincha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.357554|34.649877|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618813|Komaswa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.43895|34.20884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618814|Nyamisangura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.340844|34.368574|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618817|Nyamaranga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619191|Matongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.46767|34.47145|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619276|Sabasaba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.33907|34.38522|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29608180|Kiore]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.43075|34.34768|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138341755|Regicheri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.260204|34.451518|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138341977|Gwitiryo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.268821|34.483499|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138359109|Kwihancha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194958|Tarime District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.534563|34.647796|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125052|Turwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111541811|Tarime Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619277|Bomani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111541811|Tarime Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.347778|34.37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138391254|Nkende]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111541811|Tarime Town District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138392405|Kenyamanyori]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q111541811|Tarime Town District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.387055|34.408042|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3817430|Kurasini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.85|39.283333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:TIPER Kigamboni (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3866851|Mtoni, Dar Es Salaam]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.868823|39.279283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4832611|Azimio]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.873056|39.263611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5069482|Chamazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.955|39.219167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5071567|Chang'ombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.839444|39.263611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5073908|Charambe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.919722|39.250833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6385377|Keko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.8363|39.2763|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6403930|Kibada]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3815143|Kigamboni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.861911|39.379335|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6409997|Kimbiji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3815143|Kigamboni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.983333|39.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6416422|Kisarawe II]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3815143|Kigamboni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.936944|39.39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6738704|Makangarawe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.884907|39.242652|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799570|Mbagala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.9|39.266667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6799572|Mbagala Kuu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.904837|39.284764|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6827789|Miburani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.837|39.2697|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6885377|Mjimwema, Temeke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.85|39.366667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7161859|Pemba Mnazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-7.127733|39.517398|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7415961|Sandali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.840916|39.261435|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7559208|Somangira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.9298|39.4656|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7698067|Temeke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.85|39.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7811392|Toangoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.91136|39.2999|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7929342|Vijibweni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3815143|Kigamboni District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.863522|39.31935|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8054851|Yombo Vituka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.847074|39.247498|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Yombo Vituka Railway-crossing.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329182|Kibondemaji]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329235|Kilungule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2571801|Temeke District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6546884|Ligunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.283333|36.416667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-10.11667|37.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123715|Ligoma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.129675|37.519608|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123954|Marumba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.313344|36.848359|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123968|Matemanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.783889|37.015278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124171|Mlingoti Mashariki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.04376|37.338318|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124330|Muhuwesi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.734515|37.527887|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124420|Nalasi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124429|Nampungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.92523|37.020707|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124434|Namwinyu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124436|Nandembo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.918108|37.205992|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124491|Ngapa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.650746|37.838768|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125057|Tuwemacho]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094100|Kongwa District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.151765|37.37847|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620815|Mindu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618577|Jakika]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.551956|37.088057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618581|Nakayaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.012939|37.298473|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618582|Nanjoka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.069885|37.333295|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619219|Majengo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185565|Mbesa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185566|Mbati]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.272142|36.982941|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63185576|Kalulu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.48185|36.86008|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131448506|Namakambale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131451822|Tinginya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-10.783127|37.960088|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131539091|Chiwana]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
| {{Coord|-11.226752|37.173169|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137670180|Majimaji]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q17109767|Tunduru District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4002519|Ubungo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.78333|39.2|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-6.7925|39.2087|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:TANESCO Headquarters, Ubungo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132251191|Mabibo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65330197|Ubungo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122687|Bukongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.078333|33.097778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122690|Bukungu (Ukerewe)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.83|33.018056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122735|Bwisya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.858611|33.045278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122737|Bwiro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.1125|32.879444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123092|Irugwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.703249|33.384341|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123198|Kakerege]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.098159|33.071658|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124331|Mukituntu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.072343|32.997716|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124340|Murutunguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.018837|33.033615|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124417|Nakatunguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.105632|33.077898|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124421|Namagondo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.061736|33.050254|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124474|Nduruma]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.01352|32.978444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124500|Ngoma (Ukerewe)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.127088|33.138906|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124531|Nkilizya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.095848|33.10152|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613226|Bukanda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.103333|33.0375|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613255|Bukiko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.825833|33.078889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613289|Bukindo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.036667|33.092222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614697|Igalla]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.051291|32.944168|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614958|Ilangala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.939478|32.858902|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615773|Kagera (Ukerewe)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615820|Kagunguli]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-2.007434|33.074717|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622063|Namilembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.96546|32.917358|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622495|Nyamanga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.825846|33.054233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35735774|Muriti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.983333|32.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331278|Muriti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137796918|Kakukuru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16911590|Ukerewe District]]''
| {{Coord|-1.910825|32.913738|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122631|Biro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60769566|Malinyi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123067|Ilonga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123087|Iragua]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123100|Isongo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124022|Mbuga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124285|Mtimbira]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60769566|Malinyi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124778|Ruaha]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124921|Sofi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60769566|Malinyi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613880|Chirombola]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.905833|36.706389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614260|Euga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616706|Kichangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617553|Kilosa kwa Mpepo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60769566|Malinyi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618910|Lukande]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619005|Lupiro]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619206|Mahenge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.683333|36.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20619548|Malinyi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60769566|Malinyi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621255|Msogezi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622315|Ngoheranga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60769566|Malinyi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623467|Usangule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60769566|Malinyi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623552|Vigoi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619357|Itete]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60769566|Malinyi District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619358|Mwaya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62522183|Minepa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62522192|Sali]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7878736|Ulanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123123|Itundu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0581|32.157|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123441|Kiloleni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.02103|32.31672|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124928|Songambele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9337|32.0946|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125084|Ukondamoyo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1243|31.9941|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125155|Uyumbu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2498|32.2334|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125181|Vumilia]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0664|31.9299|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615075|Imalamakoye]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.113196|32.076297|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20616152|Kapilula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0677|32.1022|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623484|Usisya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0891|32.2359|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618746|Nsenda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1828|32.0875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619195|Kasisi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.197058|32.170899|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619264|Ugalla]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2228|32.2686|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619265|Uyogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9133|32.0256|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42865084|Ussoke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.093889|32.316667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62499145|Urambo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0711|32.0706|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327797|Kiyungi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65327886|Mchikichini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500021|Urambo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123049|Igwamanoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.822365|32.277913|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123539|Kisuke]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.074085|32.433648|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124248|Mpunze]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.906198|32.401881|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125100|Ulowa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.214299|32.122561|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125154|Uyogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.177843|32.355477|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613427|Bulungwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.042177|32.223122|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614648|Idahina]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.855286|32.179057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623475|Ushetu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.160587|32.272545|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618648|Bukomela]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.09976|32.333051|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618650|Igunda]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.986043|32.451069|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618652|Sabasabini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.9136|32.3536|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618653|Ulewe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.03451|32.099828|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618654|Ubagwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.118689|32.027999|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62780663|Mapamba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.135986|32.486869|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62780878|Nyankende]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-3.946406|32.076364|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65331098|Chambo (Ushetu)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136747221|Nyamilangano]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136747227|Nyamilangano]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566206|Ushetu District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.11499|32.405483|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122676|Buhingu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.199722|29.921667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124041|Mganza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1037|30.8827|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124280|Mtego wa Noti]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0202|31.0376|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124510|Nguruka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1116|31.0417|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15934709|Kandaga, Uvinza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.958333|29.885278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-4.9522|29.8432|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15936304|Ilagala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.192778|29.835833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18377688|Uvinza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9789|30.2927|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614745|Igalula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.9275|29.9414|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623157|Sigunga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.6123|29.8883|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623273|Sunuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3489|29.7878|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618772|Kazuramimba]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9983|30.003|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618773|Itebula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1413|31.0552|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63021345|Kalya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.4723|30.0116|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136597000|Herembe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.732803|29.921713|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136608903|Mwakizega]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.099861|29.821055|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136648895|Basanza]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q13125247|Uvinza District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.988996|30.316033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122966|Goweko]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.3269|33.1544|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123024|Ibiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.9219|32.5965|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123596|Kizengi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.371658|33.61317|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123745|Loya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.947491|33.862164|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123780|Lutende]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.947739|33.471585|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123794|Mabama]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.113055|32.519923|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123843|Magiri]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.945289|33.04969|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124468|Ndono]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.107413|32.448439|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614764|Igalula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.2371|33.0187|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614920|Ikongolo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.879035|32.943133|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20615317|Isikizya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.899461|33.099186|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623128|Shitage]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.271578|32.474627|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623421|Upuge]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.88391|33.014607|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623450|Usagari]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.906915|32.51187|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618740|Ibelamilundi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.88505|33.17516|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618741|Lulanguru]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.1|32.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618742|Miyenze]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.132522|33.501502|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618743|Nsololo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.391821|33.15782|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25618744|Ufulumwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619262|Nsimbo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.04036|33.069534|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25619263|Kigwa]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.165591|33.139615|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55577052|Bukumbi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.488333|32.536111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62391978|Miswaki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.877777|33.802973|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62392058|Tura]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329035|Igulungu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329059|Isila]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329070|Kalola (Uyui)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.022321|32.504736|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329447|Makazi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329546|Mmale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65329850|Nzubuka (Uyui)]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7904403|Uyui District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.739191|32.836577|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5993933|Igosi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.25375|34.504685|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6699050|Luduga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.859562|34.486688|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6802855|Mdandu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-9.146667|34.691667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7402593|Saja]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.683333|34.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7902254|Usuka]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.971225|34.641947|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7967878|Wanging'ombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.85278|34.6322|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752404|Igima]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752409|Igwachanya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752413|Kijombe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752416|Kipengele]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752419|Uhambule]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752420|Makoga]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752421|Ulembwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51592254|Nyumbanitu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65330562|Kidugala]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132203481|Ilembula]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7967881|Wanging'ombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-8.931111|34.654444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122921|Fundo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.05166|39.64838|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123211|Kambini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.124056|39.815856|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123227|Kangagani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.16293|39.83936|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123508|Kipangani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.060451|39.723982|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123610|Kojani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.099814|39.844372|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124274|Mtambwe Kaskazini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0939|39.71248|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124666|Pandani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.059054|39.778547|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13124696|Piki]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.122988|39.769015|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13125094|Ukunjwi]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.0367|39.70557|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20613151|Bopwe]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.050833|39.725556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20614281|Finya]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.03333|39.7646|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20618193|Kisiwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.14518|39.77066|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20620358|Mchanga Mdogo]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.119701|39.806488|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20621290|Mtambwe Kusini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.12923|39.71642|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623072|Shengejuu]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.083378|39.813802|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20623491|Utaani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.058561|39.733761|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752459|Jadida]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.062752|39.729241|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752461|Junguni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.01008|39.70722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752463|Kiungoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.052644|39.815117|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752465|Kinyikani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.122084|39.792271|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752468|Kiuyu Kigongoni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.164241|39.807721|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752471|Kiuyu Minungwini]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.146655|39.813555|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752472|Maziwani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.09817|39.792189|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752473|Mzambarauni Takao]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.094062|39.771234|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752477|Mpambani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.100307|39.837715|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752478|Pembeni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.065464|39.808049|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31752480|Selem]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.058068|39.719914|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31753557|Kizimbani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.050425|39.736144|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55583075|Chwale]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.101944|39.815833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-5.100307|39.813966|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381296|Gando]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-4.99052|39.69736|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381298|Limbani]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.065546|39.743211|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63381301|Ole]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7990058|Wete District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10745379|Chake Chake District]]''
| {{Coord|-5.19005|39.80599|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622765|Nyerere]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| [[Ìlú Zanzibar]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10794280|Mjini District]]''
| {{Coord|-6.172561|39.220582|display=inline}}
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
ijbms9v7hxhrj097iwcptbqlx0szunu
Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the Academy of Science of South Africa
2
67881
622448
622164
2026-06-16T11:04:18Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622448
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q75746002 Members of the Academy of Science of South Africa]
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
DISTINCT ?item
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
(REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid)
(CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "/missing{{!}}📖]]") AS ?scholia)
WHERE {
?item wdt:P166 wd:Q75746002 .
OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q75746002/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q75746002/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! iṣẹ́ oòjọ́ rẹ̀
! ORCID iD
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF ID
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61110697|Jonathan Blackburn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-9595 0000-0001-8988-9595]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61110697|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61110697/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75960209|Lewis David Ashwal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7277-9007 0000-0001-7277-9007]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2552235 2552235]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75960209|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75960209/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56065756|Shabir A. Madhi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-0636 0000-0002-7629-0636]
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Shabir Madhi for Fundación Civio.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56065756|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56065756/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79853945|Theodor John Stewart]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-5955 0000-0002-2107-5955]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/15146153191805252771 15146153191805252771]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79853945|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79853945/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79133624|Cyril Thomas O’Connor]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79133624|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79133624/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79134425|Chikwelu Larry Obi]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/49027514 49027514]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79134425|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79134425/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43236424|Malcolm Collins]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2055046|physiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-0480 0000-0002-2564-0480]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/90465309 90465309]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43236424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43236424/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79134915|James Ogude]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79134915|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79134915/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79135040|Antonel Olckers]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135040|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135040/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79135291|Douglas William Oliver]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135291|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135291/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79135392|Gilbert Oke Martin Onwu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135392|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135392/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79136108|Philip Onyebujoh]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79136108|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79136108/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75964658|Narend Baijnath]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75964658|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75964658/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7339930|Rob Adam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7339930|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7339930/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2005877|Barney Pityana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[amòfin]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-4622 0000-0003-4746-4622]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/19745919 19745919]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Barney Pityana.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2005877|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2005877/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2150124|Richard M. Cowling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-2685 0000-0003-3514-2685]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=eH34bIQAAAAJ eH34bIQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/34611234 34611234]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2150124|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2150124/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75965202|Yunus Ballim]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75965202|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75965202/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57078993|Claude Carignan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-6151 0000-0001-9089-6151]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/232336283 232336283]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57078993|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57078993/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20604661|Isabel Hofmeyr]]''
| ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5Uy2EH4AAAAJ 5Uy2EH4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/80589607 80589607]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20604661|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20604661/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41076819|David Walwyn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-0604 0000-0002-0545-0604]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41076819|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41076819/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78416872|Chabani Manganyi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78416872|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78416872/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78416981|Vincent Maphai]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6103-4189 0000-0002-6103-4189]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78416981|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78416981/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78417090|Bice Martincigh]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78417090|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78417090/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78417226|Adrian David Marais]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78417226|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78417226/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28822985|Helen Rees]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1442-6734 0000-0003-1442-6734]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Zoi9JkkAAAAJ Zoi9JkkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306342322 306342322]
|
| [[Fáìlì:AP 150814 013(1).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28822985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28822985/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56936419|Sagadevan Govindasamy Mundree]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-9250 0000-0002-4119-9250]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56936419|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56936419/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15127748|Nicoli Nattrass]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-5631 0000-0002-8422-5631]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=XAekuekAAAAJ XAekuekAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/17279535 17279535]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15127748|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15127748/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32860776|Felix Dapare Dakora]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-6896 0000-0002-9070-6896]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DW22bZEAAAAJ DW22bZEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/9379653 9379653]
| 2005
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55207368|Vanessa Watson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91400171|planning theorist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131062|urban planner]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9965-6891 0000-0001-9965-6891]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Cc-drkAAAAAJ Cc-drkAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/109342570 109342570]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55207368|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55207368/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76400607|Mark Cotton]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76400607|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76400607/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76544846|Stephanus Ferreira]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76544846|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76544846/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76544856|Loretta Feris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16012028|legal scholar]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76544856|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76544856/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41800121|Johannes Wolfgang Fedderke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41800121|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41800121/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76401280|Robin Michael Crewe]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401280|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401280/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Glenda Gray]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-5774 0000-0002-9510-5774]<br/>[https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-1477 0000-0003-4649-1477]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/7933149919450906650009 7933149919450906650009]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Glenda Gray SA.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17579989|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17579989/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76545679|John Field]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76545679|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76545679/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76401538|Dennis Martin Davis]]''
| [[Adájọ́]]
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401538|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401538/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76401656|Christian Rudolph de Beer]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401656|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401656/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76401845|Tilman Dedering]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401845|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401845/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76401978|John Wesley de Gruchy]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401978|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401978/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76546145|Brian Figaji]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76546145|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76546145/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76402037|Deon de Beer]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402037|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402037/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76402078|Cristiaan de Jager]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402078|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402078/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76402308|Erika de Wet]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402308|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402308/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55209372|Christian Pirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-7044 0000-0001-6821-7044]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55209372|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55209372/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75969884|Ahmed C. Bawa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/249897491 249897491]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75969884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75969884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7777608|Thebe Medupe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1693149198285874940007 1693149198285874940007]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Prof Thebe Medupe 330x220.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7777608|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7777608/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75970799|Solomon Benatar]]''
|
|
|
|
| 1997
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75970799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75970799/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22340726|Jennifer Thomson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2243-0357 0000-0002-2243-0357]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/54380859 54380859]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22340726|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22340726/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60834357|Brian Warner]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16063546|historian of science]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/109805982 109805982]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60834357|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60834357/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39064731|Catriona Ida Macleod]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-3525 0000-0003-0992-3525]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VC911HsAAAAJ VC911HsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/107952396 107952396]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Catriona ida macleod 2024 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39064731|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39064731/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q40651155|Bavesh D. Kana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9713-3480 0000-0001-9713-3480]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40651155|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40651155/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56798544|Karen J Hofman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9512-7220 0000-0001-9512-7220]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/8276162669509255500005 8276162669509255500005]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56798544|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56798544/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18161438|Salim Abdool Karim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-2133 0000-0002-4986-2133]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/273180719 273180719]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Slim portrait 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60980171|Eric Bateman]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tlz4ljIAAAAJ tlz4ljIAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60980171|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60980171/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20756981|Peter Vale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0805-9325 0000-0003-0805-9325]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/39521399 39521399]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20756981|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20756981/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Francis B. Nyamnjoh]]
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-8874 0000-0002-4702-8874]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ohr8cwUAAAAJ Ohr8cwUAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1454149198360374940001 1454149198360374940001]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/19657109 19657109]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71649506|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71649506/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77705176|Colin Kenyon]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77705176|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77705176/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75975187|G Michael Berger]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75975187|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75975187/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71650707|Hendrik B. Geyer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5765350|Himla Soodyall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/48984131 48984131]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5765350|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5765350/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76120757|Basil Brooke]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76120757|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76120757/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64876396|Genevieve Langdon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1906857|mechanical engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-9787 0000-0002-0396-9787]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VUJsNCAAAAAJ VUJsNCAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/264171184898747771881 264171184898747771881]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64876396|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64876396/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61993822|David Glasser]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9510-722X 0000-0001-9510-722X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=G8kEvt8AAAAJ G8kEvt8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/121088199 121088199]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993822|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993822/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61993821|Diane Hildebrandt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-8855 0000-0001-7873-8855]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2SQ-120AAAAJ 2SQ-120AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/34119349 34119349]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993821|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993821/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76410934|Van Zyl de Villiers]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76410934|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76410934/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78573579|Charles Ngwena]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78573579|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78573579/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48731884|Cherryl Walker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-6653 0000-0003-2523-6653]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/100272850 100272850]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48731884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48731884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78575075|Penelope Moore]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575075|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575075/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71655038|Thomas Eugene Cloete]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71655038|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71655038/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55364145|Charlie M. Shackleton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16529590|environmental scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-6136 0000-0002-8489-6136]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/173716516 173716516]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55364145|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55364145/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78575532|Vishnu Padayachee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[olùkọ̀wé]]
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=itj6ex4AAAAJ itj6ex4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/35903953 35903953]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575532|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575532/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78431390|Delia Marshall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/3146574859938150080 3146574859938150080]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78431390|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78431390/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78575739|Bhekizizwe Peterson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''
|
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575739|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575739/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78575915|Imraan Valodia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/46474023 46474023]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Imraan Valodia UKZN - Informality and Urbanization (10070549606).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575915|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575915/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30423489|Robert J. Wilkinson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q432386|preacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-1800 0000-0002-2753-1800]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=SqwGUN0AAAAJ SqwGUN0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1106802 1106802]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30423489|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30423489/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21341400|Maureen Coetzee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107292086|medical entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-866X 0000-0003-2019-866X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jbWH4QUAAAAJ jbWH4QUAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341400|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341400/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55510058|Keymanthri Moodley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-4901 0000-0003-3404-4901]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/165745949 165745949]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55510058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55510058/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61132838|Wim de Villiers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61132838|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61132838/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56807736|Colleen T. Downs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-1510 0000-0001-8334-1510]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56807736|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56807736/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76126642|Duncan Brown]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76126642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76126642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76127082|Martin Bucher]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76127082|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76127082/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q49168166|Terence J. Robinson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-4891 0000-0002-4298-4891]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LLaJvSEAAAAJ LLaJvSEAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q49168166|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q49168166/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64882689|Voster Muchenje]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-763X 0000-0001-7817-763X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=uNm2MyUAAAAJ uNm2MyUAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64882689|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64882689/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78434764|David Mason]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78434764|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78434764/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79443968|Sekhar Ray]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79443968|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79443968/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q67189799|Anthony Jide Afolayan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9111-6695 0000-0002-9111-6695]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q67189799|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q67189799/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78435102|Judith Masters]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78435102|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78435102/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60991028|George Ekama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PWje2ogAAAAJ PWje2ogAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/311249909 311249909]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60991028|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60991028/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71371411|Bernard Lategan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71371411|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71371411/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76850626|Mellony Graven]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8021-3959 0000-0002-8021-3959]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850626|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850626/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76850682|Diane Grayson]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850682|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850682/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76850749|Gideon Petrus Greyvenstein]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850749|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850749/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76418250|David Dewar]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76418250|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76418250/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76850794|Nicolaas Johannes Grové]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850794|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850794/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76850844|Bao-Zhu Guo]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9078-0001 0000-0001-9078-0001]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/164215793 164215793]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850844|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850844/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28698134|George M. Branch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5137366|cnidariologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-5150 0000-0003-3597-5150]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28698134|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28698134/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76418424|Maarten de Wit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13416354|mineralogist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11424604|earth scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-3207 0000-0002-9494-3207]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/93284350 93284350]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76418424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76418424/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61857345|Marco A.G. Andreoli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-2208 0000-0002-6688-2208]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61857345|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61857345/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76274578|Nithaya Chetty]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3rl0mMwAAAAJ 3rl0mMwAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76274578|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76274578/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78149098|Salome Kruger]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78149098|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78149098/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76419491|Jan-Hendrik S. Hofmeyr]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419491|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419491/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77717266|Michael Charles Kew]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717266|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717266/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77717994|Ayesha Kharsany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-0194 0000-0001-7457-0194]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Q7JcV_sAAAAJ Q7JcV_sAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717994|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717994/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75988391|Ann Bernstein]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75988391|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75988391/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80169885|Marié Philliphina Wissing]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80169885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80169885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75989011|Krish Bharuth-Ram]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75989011|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75989011/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11256815|David Mark Richardson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9574-8297 0000-0001-9574-8297]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Rdfu4uoAAAAJ Rdfu4uoAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/85249968 85249968]
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11256815|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11256815/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79305934|Nicky Gopalan Padayachee]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79305934|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79305934/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75990323|Ramesh Bharuthram]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75990323|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75990323/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77720360|Rifka Kfir]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77720360|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77720360/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79306387|Norman Pammenter]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79306387|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79306387/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79739137|Vikash Sewram]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79739137|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79739137/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77720857|Chaudry Khalique]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77720857|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77720857/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43697544|Anthony I. Okoh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-085X 0000-0002-9770-085X]
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544531|Roseanne Diab]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-8320 0000-0002-3564-8320]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RAEK2eEAAAAJ RAEK2eEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/55645762 55645762]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544531|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544531/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544590|Daniela Cristina Stefan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16062369|oncologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-1209 0000-0001-5740-1209]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544590|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544590/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544598|Deborah Posel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sznyWqoAAAAJ sznyWqoAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/93681997 93681997]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544598|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544598/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544603|Dhayendre Moodley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-9631 0000-0003-1849-9631]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=C3rHZvsAAAAJ C3rHZvsAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544603|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544603/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79307973|Hugh Patterton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2904006|bioinformatician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79307973|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79307973/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544654|Irma Eloff]]''
| ''[[:d:Q723682|dean]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/56298317 56298317]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Irma Eloff, Pretoria.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544654|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544654/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544660|Jeanetta du Plessis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-9409 0000-0003-0474-9409]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544660|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544660/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544677|Liesel Ebersöhn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/286769038 286769038]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544677|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544677/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544684|Lucinda Backwell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-3353 0000-0001-5816-3353]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Y17Xc5gAAAAJ Y17Xc5gAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24351965 24351965]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Lucinda Backwell (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544684|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544684/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544789|Rachel Chikwamba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2827-0734 0000-0003-2827-0734]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544789|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544789/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544799|Zodwa Dlamini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-3646 0000-0002-8012-3646]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nrCvvAQAAAAJ nrCvvAQAAAAJ]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:4 Zodwa Sobukwe with Dinilesizwe.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544799/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544878|Minrie Greeff]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0921-8463 0000-0003-0921-8463]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544878|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544878/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544965|Angela Mathee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544965|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544965/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544994|Anna Kramvis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-3765 0000-0001-6006-3765]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544994|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544994/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76857461|Ariff Ahmed Hafejee]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76857461|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76857461/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42545058|Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9387-0432 0000-0001-9387-0432]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/169009503 169009503]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42545058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42545058/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76857552|Fritz JW Hahne]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76857552|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76857552/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37643854|Gregory L. Blatch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-8577 0000-0003-0778-8577]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/272043681 272043681]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643854|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643854/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78155721|Loren Landau]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Hw4YkqoAAAAJ Hw4YkqoAAAAJ]
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78155721|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78155721/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2611579|Alan Whiteside]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-968X 0000-0003-1157-968X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/17511182 17511182]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2611579|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2611579/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75994202|William Bishai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8734-4118 0000-0002-8734-4118]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/48099989 48099989]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75994202|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75994202/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79742931|John Francis Sharpey-Schafer]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79742931|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79742931/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78158001|Virna Leaner]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78158001|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78158001/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55523379|Robert Morrell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-486X 0000-0002-6096-486X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/3152154075987911860009 3152154075987911860009]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55523379|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55523379/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q450598|Lee Berger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21272406|paleoanthropologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q205375|inventor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[Australopithecus africanus]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0367-7629 0000-0002-0367-7629]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PpW_J88AAAAJ PpW_J88AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6169562 6169562]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Lee Berger image 2006.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q450598|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q450598/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76428197|Leon Milner Theodore Dicks]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76428197|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76428197/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76428240|Thulani H Dlamini]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76428240|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76428240/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78446682|Robert Mattes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-9385 0000-0003-0567-9385]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/19992713 19992713]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78446682|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78446682/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76716731|Thomas Ford]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716731|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716731/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76716997|Richard Francis Fuggle]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716997|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716997/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79744635|W. R. Siegfried]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79744635|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79744635/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76717085|Christoph Friedrich Garbers]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76717085|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76717085/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58119538|Kobus Maree]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5341297|educational psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-8445 0000-0002-9492-8445]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JRlauxMAAAAJ JRlauxMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4592006 4592006]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58119538|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58119538/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79745070|Silvester Ron Simango]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5694-7146 0000-0001-5694-7146]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79745070|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79745070/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79745330|Ruth Simbao]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1792450|art historian]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-7491 0000-0002-9640-7491]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/73694792 73694792]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79745330|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79745330/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31736746|Herman Wasserman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-1989 0000-0002-2553-1989]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/32307710 32307710]
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q31736746|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q31736746/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78159581|Lesley Le Grange]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1231865|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-3609 0000-0002-7096-3609]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4zXjLu4AAAAJ 4zXjLu4AAAAJ]
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159581|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159581/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78159586|Alison Lewis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yaaQvscAAAAJ yaaQvscAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/41609069 41609069]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159586|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78159593|Attie Johannes Ligthelm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27349|dentist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159593|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159593/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78159599|Elsabé Loots]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159599|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159599/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76141294|James Bull]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141294|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141294/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76141448|Renier Adriaan Burger]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141448|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141448/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79601606|Linda Marlene Richter]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79601606|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79601606/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76141655|Stephanie Gail Burton]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141655/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76141946|Faizal Bux]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141946|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141946/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79746428|Ratnamala Singh]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79746428|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79746428/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70376235|Carolyn Williamson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3pcRNQYAAAAJ 3pcRNQYAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70376235|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70376235/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76864546|Raymond Haines]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76864546|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76864546/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80087693|Christopher Vaughan]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087693|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087693/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80087808|Daniel Verwoerd]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087808|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087808/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80087885|Zeblon Zenzele Vilakaz]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80088005|Karel Viljoen]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80088005|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80088005/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80088190|Frans Viljoen]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80088190|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80088190/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29052586|Brenda Wingfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-1519 0000-0002-6189-1519]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29052586|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29052586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79944675|Bohua Sun]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79944675|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79944675/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41596279|Johan van Zyl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2462658|manager]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Johan Van Zyl 1 (Toyota Motors Europe) at Toyota Press Conference IAA 2017 by Nicolas Völcker.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41596279|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41596279/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79945707|Hendrik Swart]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79945707|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79945707/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45345034|Malose Jack Mphahlele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6018-5671 0000-0002-6018-5671]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45345034|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45345034/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79945878|Christiaan F Swanepoel]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79945878|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79945878/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79657655|Barry David Schoub]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79657655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79657655/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79946125|Frans Swanepoel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107369298|sustainability scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15978655|consultant]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946125|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946125/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79946477|Gerald Edwin Swan]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946477|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946477/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79946604|Edward Sturrock]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946604|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946604/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80090874|Louise Viljoen]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80090874|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80090874/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80091205|Sibusiso Vil-Nkomo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091205|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091205/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80091417|Daniel Visser]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091417|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091417/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79947307|Rolf Heinrich Stumpf]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79947307|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79947307/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80091519|Renuka Vithal]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091519|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091519/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57889447|Shane A Norris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-3788 0000-0001-7124-3788]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889447|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889447/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70720643|Mike Wingfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-2009 0000-0001-9346-2009]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wT4V7isAAAAJ wT4V7isAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/14989035 14989035]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/22155914471039401883 22155914471039401883]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80091772|Wilma Viviers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091772|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091772/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1086728|Christopher Henshilwood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17488316|prehistorian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-293X 0000-0002-2818-293X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vYE3hmAAAAAJ vYE3hmAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/14306558 14306558]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Csh Blombos 2017 v2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1086728|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1086728/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57889897|Andre P Kengne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-131X 0000-0002-5183-131X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/310750363 310750363]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889897|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889897/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56015824|Alfred Botha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-647X 0000-0003-0988-647X]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56015824|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56015824/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70721384|Jacek Banasiak]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-0774 0000-0003-3381-0774]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NNmEQjQAAAAJ NNmEQjQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51985030 51985030]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70721384|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70721384/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1952473|Thumbi Ndung'u]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-3992 0000-0003-2962-3992]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306421897 306421897]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1952473|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1952473/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57890766|Johann Kirsten]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0770-9648 0000-0003-0770-9648]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/67650643 67650643]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57890766|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57890766/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79660900|Roland Schulze]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3644587|hydrologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79660900|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79660900/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42177417|Anna Coutsoudis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42177417|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42177417/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77643715|Neil Jarvis]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Neil Victor Jarvis (05610234) (51419910229).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77643715|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77643715/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77643802|Mohamed S Jeenah]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77643802|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77643802/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42178276|Renée Kraan-Korteweg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0202-6250 0000-0002-0202-6250]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/272584657 272584657]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42178276|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42178276/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77644158|Branislav Jeremic]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/3554314 3554314]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644158|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644158/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79950929|Christopher Stroud]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/36109902 36109902]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79950929|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79950929/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43188044|Willem Heber van Zyl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-353X 0000-0001-8195-353X]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43188044|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43188044/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60055963|João P. Rodrigues]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1980-3845 0000-0002-1980-3845]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60055963|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60055963/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77644777|Eugene Llewellyn Julies]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644777|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644777/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42323167|Caroline Tiemessen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-1690 0000-0002-0991-1690]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42323167|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42323167/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91052641|John Parkington]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-6826 0000-0001-6127-6826]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tk-A4MsAAAAJ tk-A4MsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/36952076 36952076]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91052641|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91052641/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77644853|Ashraf Kagee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-2566 0000-0003-1241-2566]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644853|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644853/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79951611|Anton Ströh]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951611|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951611/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79951700|Pieter Helenius Stoker]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951700|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951700/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79951875|Nthoana Tau-Mzamane]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951875|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951875/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77645289|Michael Kahn]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77645289|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77645289/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60633415|Leickness Chisamu Simbayi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6136-4092 0000-0001-6136-4092]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8JN3wDIAAAAJ 8JN3wDIAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/10088158 10088158]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60633415|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60633415/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78222841|Tinyiko Maluleke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78222841|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78222841/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80097315|Sebastiaan von Solms]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097315|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097315/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80097547|Hester Vorster]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2576499|nutritionist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/163644131 163644131]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097547|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097547/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80097761|Yusef Waghid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231865|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-824X 0000-0003-2565-824X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/45355860 45355860]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097761|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097761/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76493965|Fred Ellery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2560911|physical geographer]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=SLRs89YAAAAJ SLRs89YAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76493965|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76493965/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79233222|Frederick Mark Orkin]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79233222|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79233222/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56598884|Anastassios Pouris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5367-2498 0000-0002-5367-2498]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=O0cg2GwAAAAJ O0cg2GwAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/73623450 73623450]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56598884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56598884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77791882|Duard Godfried Kleyn]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77791882|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77791882/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42181924|Viness Pillay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8119-3347 0000-0002-8119-3347]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RSfUGncAAAAJ RSfUGncAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42181924|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42181924/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76926947|Ronald Harley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1326886|electrical engineer]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/192970031 192970031]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76926947|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76926947/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77647971|Steven Karataglidis]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77647971|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77647971/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76927153|Susan Thérèse Largier Harrison]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76927153|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76927153/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77792183|Hester Klopper]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-7586 0000-0001-9808-7586]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/61195592 61195592]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77792183|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77792183/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76350522|John Darrell Comins]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76350522|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76350522/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42182322|Jill Adler]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/65809739 65809739]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42182322|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42182322/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79089855|Mokubung Nkomo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79089855|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79089855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59050386|Marissa Rollnick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-8683 0000-0002-9543-8683]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/60684003 60684003]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59050386|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59050386/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51697828|Kathryn H. Myburgh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-2120 0000-0003-4501-2120]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DXNUiEEAAAAJ DXNUiEEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/205963403 205963403]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51697828|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51697828/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1382575|Mark Solms]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3410028|psychoanalyst]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6337803|neuroscientist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vD4p8rQAAAAJ vD4p8rQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/22297525 22297525]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mark Solms 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1382575|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1382575/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q517589|Richard Goldstone]]''
| [[Adájọ́]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[amòfin]]<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/117719743 117719743]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Richard Goldstone.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q517589|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q517589/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57897506|Jeremy Seekings]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-412X 0000-0002-8029-412X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/39593744 39593744]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57897506|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57897506/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80099721|Melanie Walker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88011130|educational researcher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7859-6380 0000-0002-7859-6380]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VqfZMP4AAAAJ VqfZMP4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/29868729 29868729]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80099721|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80099721/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76351351|Neville Raymond Comins]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76351351|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76351351/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76351372|Ernst Conradie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/232801939 232801939]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76351372|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76351372/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80099861|Qing-Guo Wang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3672-3716 0000-0002-3672-3716]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/116302464 116302464]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80099861|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80099861/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77793537|Horst Helmut Klump]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793537|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793537/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77793851|Klaus Koch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-4406 0000-0003-3845-4406]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793851|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793851/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76352178|Jacobus Conradie]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76352178|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76352178/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76785769|Nicolaas Claudius Gey van Pittius]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76785769|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76785769/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18685421|Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9786-5080 0000-0002-9786-5080]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/27342603 27342603]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan, West Coast Fossil Park tour.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685421|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685421/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78660593|Vinasan Naidoo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78660593|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78660593/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77795657|Carolina Koornhof]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77795657|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77795657/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77796013|Girish J Kotwal]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77796013|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77796013/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76786831|Rob Gous]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76786831|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76786831/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76787034|Amanda Gouws]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-3944 0000-0003-1260-3944]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=dxK0dqsAAAAJ dxK0dqsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2096165628883842480006 2096165628883842480006]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/44531414 44531414]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76787034|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76787034/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76931424|Driekie Hay-Swemmer]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931424/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78661696|Jean B Nachenga]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78661696|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78661696/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61793884|John R. N. Taylor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-2093 0000-0002-9714-2093]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1665159477683527990001 1665159477683527990001]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61793884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61793884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76931737|Manfred Armin Hellberg]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931737|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931737/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47809492|Crick Lund]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-8220 0000-0002-5159-8220]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/282940674 282940674]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47809492|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47809492/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51846346|Renfrew Christie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20826540|scholar]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/62928676 62928676]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51846346|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51846346/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76931931|Fred Thomas Hendricks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931931|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931931/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78662033|Gonasageran Naidoo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78662033|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78662033/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1675344|Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1150577 1150577]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1675344|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1675344/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80104074|Paula Watt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104154725|plant biotechnologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-1806 0000-0002-6253-1806]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104074|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104074/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80104194|Stefan Weiss]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104194|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104194/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1387629|George F. R. Ellis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15980158|non-fiction writer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8484-0629 0000-0001-8484-0629]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/109637661 109637661]
|
| [[Fáìlì:George Ellis 0040.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1387629|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1387629/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79095290|Stella M. Nkomo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108929301|scholar in residence]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79095290|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79095290/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79383720|Samuel George Harker Philande]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383720|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383720/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79095442|Dion Nkomo]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79095442|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79095442/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76788759|Kesh Govinder]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76788759|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76788759/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79383865|Ian Phimister]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383865|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383865/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78663066|Luigi Renzo Nassimbeni]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78663066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78663066/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79383970|William Pick]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383970|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383970/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80104858|Alan Weinberg]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104858|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104858/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79384070|Jaco Pienaar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79384070|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79384070/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79384214|Stuart Piketh]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79384214|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79384214/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80105423|Mark Charles Wentzel]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80105423|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80105423/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76934542|John Anthony Higgins]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76934542|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76934542/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4706174|Alan Bernstein]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/16993076 16993076]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4706174|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4706174/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22006961|Valerie Mizrahi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-9115 0000-0003-4824-9115]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/8150380426913370197 8150380426913370197]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76935971|Michael Johan Richard Hoch]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76935971|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76935971/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8022831|Wilmot James]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/112347314 112347314]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Wilmot James, South African academic.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8022831|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8022831/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79963775|Petro Terblanche]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-6794 0000-0003-2789-6794]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/75975312 75975312]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79963775|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79963775/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39885100|Aletta E. Schutte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937 0000-0001-9217-4937]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=f1oels0AAAAJ f1oels0AAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39885100|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39885100/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76938511|Sarah Howie]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76938511|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76938511/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76941005|Henk Huismans]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941005|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941005/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76941326|Brian John Huntley]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Brian John Huntley.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941326|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941326/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76941472|Gregory Dudley Hussey]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941472|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941472/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70021562|Michael Chapman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17167049|literary scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/285056306 285056306]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70021562|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70021562/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61083095|Yahya E Choonara]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3889-1529 0000-0002-3889-1529]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CjSwcTAAAAAJ CjSwcTAAAAAJ]
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61083095|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61083095/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79969535|Mark Tomlinson]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79969535|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79969535/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38304462|Robert P. Millar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-2708 0000-0003-3606-2708]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/94387090 94387090]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38304462|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38304462/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63391384|Ernesta M Meintjes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-3632 0000-0002-0781-3632]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391384|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391384/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63391519|Sunil D. Maharaj]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-2849 0000-0002-1967-2849]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391519|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391519/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2695985|Francis Wilson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1227195|political economist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/110483305 110483305]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2695985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2695985/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43496916|Michael J. Samways]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-6025 0000-0003-4237-6025]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/94489949 94489949]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43496916|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43496916/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75935333|Ralph Adendorff]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75935333|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75935333/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75935715|Jimi Adesina]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75935715|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75935715/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79396179|Laurence Piper]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79396179|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79396179/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79396382|Chris Pistorius]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79396382|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79396382/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57915745|Thaddeus Metz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-2408 0000-0001-9861-2408]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/293090676 293090676]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57915745|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57915745/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69449514|Mary Scholes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60244908|plant physiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5762-9537 0000-0001-5762-9537]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qNlkIIMAAAAJ qNlkIIMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/177145857889223021078 177145857889223021078]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79397317|Zacharias Andries Pretorius]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79397317|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79397317/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71756807|Pieter Streicher Steyn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71756807|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71756807/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42778663|Robert J. Scholes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-6935 0000-0001-5537-6935]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WR7VpKUAAAAJ WR7VpKUAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/71468733 71468733]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42778663|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42778663/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71036026|Mohamed Iqbal Parker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71036026|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71036026/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30668464|Marie-Louise Newell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1074-7699 0000-0002-1074-7699]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ah5tHvAAAAAJ ah5tHvAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/27240622 27240622]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30668464|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30668464/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27929667|Keyan Tomaselli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-0726 0000-0002-2995-0726]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/50433739 50433739]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27929667|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27929667/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20721396|Anna-Lise Williamson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-1200 0000-0002-5467-1200]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20721396|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20721396/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76082950|Paul Andries Brink]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76082950|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76082950/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58640036|Umezuruike Linus Opara]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8056-7215 0000-0001-8056-7215]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58640036|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58640036/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39754563|Tania S. Douglas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2024-4179 0000-0003-2024-4179]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39754563|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39754563/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79401740|Bernard Alexander Prior]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79401740|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79401740/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79401813|Hugh Wynford Pritchard]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8bTVuI8AAAAJ 8bTVuI8AAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79401813|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79401813/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q44080605|Arvin Bhana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-0108 0000-0003-4235-0108]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/100813167 100813167]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q44080605|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q44080605/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57920963|Montaz Ali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0864-8146 0000-0003-0864-8146]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57920963|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57920963/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70607931|Nicholas Biekpe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70607931|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70607931/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79402317|Otto Walter Prozesky]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79402317|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79402317/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43071830|Pascal O Bessong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-272X 0000-0003-0561-272X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4FXKRpYAAAAJ 4FXKRpYAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43071830|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43071830/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3136965|Njabulo Ndebele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/92057221 92057221]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Malala Yousafzai - Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3136965|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3136965/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42784019|Kevin J. Naidoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-3708 0000-0002-9898-3708]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/65994373 65994373]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71041558|Nigel Charles Bennett]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041558|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041558/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58066291|Harald Winkler]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-4071 0000-0002-5826-4071]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/292276827 292276827]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066291|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066291/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21448010|Tebello Nyokong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1162163|olùdarí]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-9926 0000-0002-4590-9926]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QUpAXHcAAAAJ QUpAXHcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6031160486121605180005 6031160486121605180005]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79837146|Dirk Smit]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79837146|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79837146/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6742987|Malegapuru William Makgoba]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/78414868 78414868]
|
| [[Fáìlì:MakgobaHillLecture.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6742987|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6742987/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79837241|Marius Smuts]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79837241|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79837241/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76955252|Nelson Ijumba]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76955252|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76955252/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79839311|Hendrik Christoffel Snyman]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79839311|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79839311/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42067412|Helena Kuivaniemi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-8766 0000-0001-5753-8766]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6862149108608968780000 6862149108608968780000]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42067412|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42067412/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745901|Mamokgethi Phakeng]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-0403 0000-0002-8911-0403]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/21621571 21621571]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mamokgethi Phakeng - Kgethi.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6745901|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6745901/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60377213|Louis J. Kotzé]]''
| ''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-168X 0000-0001-5820-168X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_awP9R0AAAAJ _awP9R0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/100343038 100343038]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60377213|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60377213/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48699455|Ruksana Osman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1231865|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-470X 0000-0002-0779-470X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=U29GvYcAAAAJ U29GvYcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/305368366 305368366]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48699455|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48699455/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79407673|Douglas Eric Rawlings]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79407673|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79407673/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42212089|Laetitia Rispel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q189603|public health]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-6331 0000-0001-7806-6331]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/11877401 11877401]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42212089|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42212089/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42212160|Heather Zar]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-759X 0000-0002-9046-759X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zBfcLygAAAAJ zBfcLygAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/15152023633803310918 15152023633803310918]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42212160|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42212160/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76959045|David Steve Jacobs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16831394|mammalogist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76959045|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76959045/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70615870|Evance Kalula]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2299-3093 0000-0003-2299-3093]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70615870|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70615870/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24049150|Adrian Paterson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3427-4096 0000-0003-3427-4096]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q24049150|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q24049150/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26211942|Catherine Odora Hoppers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-7371 0000-0001-5324-7371]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qWEKG-QAAAAJ qWEKG-QAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/23844553 23844553]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Catherine Odora-Hoppers in 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26211942|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26211942/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28086200|Geoff Garrett]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/52270408 52270408]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Geoff Garrett CS6 270116-lg.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28086200|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28086200/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80420066|David Randle Woods]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420066/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79122775|Jo MF Noero]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42973|architect]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79122775|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79122775/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80420322|Laurence Stuart Wright]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6673651|literary scholar]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-3399 0000-0003-2988-3399]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/299549856 299549856]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420322|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420322/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80420515|Xiaohua Xia]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420515|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420515/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29961035|Rangan Gupta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5002-3428 0000-0001-5002-3428]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/311484094 311484094]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29961035|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29961035/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76960486|Hilary Janks]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76960486|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76960486/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76960646|HCJ Janse van Rensburg]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76960646|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76960646/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79123203|Odireleng Martin Ntwaeaborwa]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79123203|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79123203/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80420751|Hong-Kun Xu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420751|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420751/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5019897|Calie Pistorius]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Calie Pistorius.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019897|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019897/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76528517|Petra Engelbrecht]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76528517|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76528517/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76961155|Jonathan D. Jansen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/21339000 21339000]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Jonathan Jansen at Cornerstone 2017.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76961155|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76961155/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76528891|Patrick George Eriksson]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76528891|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76528891/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56489486|William Froneman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>[[olùkọ̀wé]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-1355 0000-0003-0615-1355]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=G5tEQu4AAAAJ G5tEQu4AAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56489486|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56489486/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79845832|Cristina Trois]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19377727|environmental engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2094-2241 0000-0003-2094-2241]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79845832|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79845832/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76529981|Theunis Erasmus]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76529981|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76529981/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76529997|Arthur George Every]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76529997|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76529997/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58220468|Francesco Petruccione]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-0913 0000-0002-8604-0913]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=chM4fT4AAAAJ chM4fT4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51907883 51907883]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Francesco Petruccione blazer.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58220468|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58220468/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q696676|Arnold van Zyl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/557157771966848930006 557157771966848930006]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q696676|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q696676/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61104159|Duncan Mitchell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-4773 0000-0001-8989-4773]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61104159|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61104159/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79846316|Moses Basitere]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79846316|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79846316/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76530761|Jill Margaret Farrant]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76530761|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76530761/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76530985|Aslam Fataar]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76530985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76530985/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55195820|Christopher D. McQuaid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-8308 0000-0002-3473-8308]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=uNl9g6wAAAAJ uNl9g6wAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55195820|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55195820/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75957491|Peter Alexander]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75957491|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75957491/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30111631|Keertan Dheda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24017632|pulmonologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-5341 0000-0001-7709-5341]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/22153893603102290470 22153893603102290470]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Professor Keertan Dheda.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30111631|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30111631/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71776876|Muchie Mammo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105572010|political economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18805|naturalist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4877592 4877592]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71776876|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71776876/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75959277|Christopher Charles Appleton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75959277|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75959277/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42656226|Lyn-Marie Birkholtz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-2905 0000-0001-5888-2905]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9M4eZYMAAAAJ 9M4eZYMAAAAJ]
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42656226|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42656226/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75959947|Reinhard Richard Arndt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/218352847 218352847]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75959947|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75959947/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56497085|Alan Christoffels]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-2916 0000-0002-0420-2916]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56497085|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56497085/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54086671|Norman Owen-Smith]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8429-1201 0000-0001-8429-1201]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BoSadf0AAAAJ BoSadf0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/29615824 29615824]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/496166656941922710006 496166656941922710006]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54086671|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54086671/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78451629|Thoko V Mayekiso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78451629|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78451629/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70378516|Crain Arthur Soudien]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231865|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9934-6532 0000-0002-9934-6532]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/61677562 61677562]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70378516|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70378516/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5213742|Dan J. Stein]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810 0000-0001-7218-7810]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LOHkEw8AAAAJ LOHkEw8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/39468370 39468370]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Dan-Stein-20130904.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742|29]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17612495|Quarraisha Karim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0985-477X 0000-0002-0985-477X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ARaZ9-MAAAAJ ARaZ9-MAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24336962 24336962]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Quarraisha Abdool Karim.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79461535|Thomas Rehle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-4345 0000-0001-7437-4345]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79461535|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79461535/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21505541|Himansu Baijnath]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Himansu Baijnath.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21505541|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21505541/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78885212|Daniel James Ncayiyana]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-8057 0000-0001-6016-8057]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78885212|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78885212/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56394925|Nesri Padayatchi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10334684|public health physician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2543-9071 0000-0003-2543-9071]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OINblGUAAAAJ OINblGUAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56394925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56394925/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39527283|Sabiha Yusuf Essack]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-2761 0000-0003-3357-2761]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39527283|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39527283/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78453566|Anthony David Mbewu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3264451|cardiologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78453566|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78453566/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2043552|Johannes van Staden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0515-1281 0000-0003-0515-1281]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/562159234013403370477 562159234013403370477]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Prof johannes van staden-1595341335.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2043552|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2043552/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41113731|Wolfgang Preiser]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-7910 0000-0002-0254-7910]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41113731|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41113731/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76003072|Nigel Tempest Bishop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=m8CpFJkAAAAJ m8CpFJkAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76003072|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76003072/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55098484|Graeme Meintjes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-4414 0000-0003-1196-4414]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55098484|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55098484/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55820267|Keith Breckenridge]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15319501|social scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5023-6837 0000-0001-5023-6837]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/295702208 295702208]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55820267|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55820267/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76004979|David Block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76004979|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76004979/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76005296|Juanita Bornman]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76005296|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76005296/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78456602|Veronica McKay]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78456602|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78456602/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41693545|Murray Leibbrandt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q85863506|researcher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-8844 0000-0003-0829-8844]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4_jykaYAAAAJ 4_jykaYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/33108449 33108449]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Murray Leibbrandt.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41693545|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41693545/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76006138|Liesbeth Botha]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006138|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006138/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76006290|Rudie Botha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006290|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006290/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71104683|Willem Albert Hanekom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6788-1645 0000-0002-6788-1645]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GNFho0kAAAAJ GNFho0kAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76006527|André Boraine]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006527|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006527/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79322762|Robert Clive Pattinson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79322762|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79322762/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79322932|Michael Pepper]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79322932|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79322932/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91001469|Vasu Reddy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-2320 0000-0002-6004-2320]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/96897750 96897750]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91001469|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91001469/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76007840|Sonja Bosch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76007840|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76007840/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79756318|Ann Skelton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[amòfin]]<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-8904 0000-0003-4320-8904]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fIJ4Hs4AAAAJ fIJ4Hs4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/117145542414196640961 117145542414196640961]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/261974215 261974215]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Ann Skelton 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79756318|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79756318/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76008234|Markus Böttcher]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76008234|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76008234/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76008824|Paul Bowen]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76008824|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76008824/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79757375|Beric William Skews]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79757375|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79757375/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76008996|Daniel Bradlow]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76008996|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76008996/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76874208|Lawrence Hamilton]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76874208|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76874208/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72116776|Igle Gledhill]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6171-0290 0000-0001-6171-0290]
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Igle Gledhill 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72116776|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72116776/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78748626|Alphose Zingoni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/216080706 216080706]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/31487334 31487334]
|
| [[Fáìlì:AlphoseZingoni-Profile.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78748626|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78748626/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78460617|Lirieka Meintjes-Van der Walt]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78460617|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78460617/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78460819|Barry Vincent Mendelow]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78460819|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78460819/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53808040|Michael T Davies-Coleman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-894X 0000-0001-5344-894X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/85647578 85647578]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53808040|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53808040/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78317156|Mzamo P Mangaliso]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78317156|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78317156/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79614716|Christian Rogerson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11630517|tourism scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=froNhxcAAAAJ froNhxcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/27171337 27171337]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79614716|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79614716/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15459092|Charles K. Brain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/30825610 30825610]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15459092|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15459092/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57412559|Harold Annegarn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-4679 0000-0001-6653-4679]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57412559|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57412559/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26704364|Saurabh Sinha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-3925 0000-0003-4634-3925]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kxJhswgAAAAJ kxJhswgAAAAJ]
|
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Prof Saurabh Sinha.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26704364|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26704364/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79615179|Andreas Roodt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7349-6436 0000-0002-7349-6436]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79615179|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79615179/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79327087|Francis Petersen]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79327087|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79327087/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55539279|Jacobus N. Eloff]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-9842 0000-0003-1494-9842]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/63822206 63822206]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55539279|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55539279/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61162044|Tahir S Pillay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-9710 0000-0002-9982-9710]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61162044|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61162044/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79615924|Neil Roos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79615924|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79615924/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76300027|Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76300027|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76300027/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90572902|Julian D May]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-8053 0000-0003-2334-8053]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/34020082 34020082]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90572902|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90572902/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76300183|Walter T Claassen]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76300183|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76300183/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42420373|Guy F. Midgley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-0869 0000-0001-8264-0869]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/53146094231500331476 53146094231500331476]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79616313|Cornelia Roux]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79616313|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79616313/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78607257|Letlhokwa Mpedi]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78607257|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78607257/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78607481|Renosi Mokate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2027459 2027459]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78607481|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78607481/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76301029|Peter Eiddon Cleaton-Jones]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/273754832 273754832]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76301029|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76301029/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78463759|Rajend Mesthrie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nO9azssAAAAJ nO9azssAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/79341 79341]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78463759|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78463759/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43142591|Eno E. Ebenso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0411-9258 0000-0002-0411-9258]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bljjT44AAAAJ bljjT44AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/517162664578255002986 517162664578255002986]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43142591|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43142591/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18201824|Bernie Fanaroff]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18201824|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18201824/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60732379|Ivan Turok]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5520-2492 0000-0001-5520-2492]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bPUWRDsAAAAJ bPUWRDsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/239721967 239721967]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/27376645 27376645]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60732379|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60732379/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69526864|Lise Korsten]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3746192|phytopathologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-7659 0000-0003-0232-7659]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N5Xy6m4AAAAJ N5Xy6m4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6903149296167980670000 6903149296167980670000]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526864|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526864/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37377512|Taryn Young]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2406-081X 0000-0003-2406-081X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0cVz1SgAAAAJ 0cVz1SgAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37377512|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37377512/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78610632|Ebrahim Momoniat]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78610632|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78610632/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102110912|Peter Dankelmann]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4376-7546 0000-0003-4376-7546]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jmeHpKUAAAAJ jmeHpKUAAAAJ]
|
| 2007
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102110912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102110912/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58283307|Dorrit Posel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-875X 0000-0002-3343-875X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KmbPFYQAAAAJ KmbPFYQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/284141636 284141636]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58283307|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58283307/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79620488|Justus Christiaan Roux]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79620488|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79620488/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19646258|Lenore Manderson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7883-1790 0000-0002-7883-1790]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DZ3P2ZMAAAAJ DZ3P2ZMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51717767 51717767]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19646258|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19646258/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78467666|Joseph Philip Michael]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78467666|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78467666/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80053570|Fiona Tregenna]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Qu0QFrYAAAAJ Qu0QFrYAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053570|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053570/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45452887|Clive M. Gray]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-901X 0000-0002-9293-901X]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45452887|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45452887/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78467894|John Robert Midgley]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78467894|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78467894/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80053967|Peter Doughtrey Tyson]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053967|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053967/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1769780|Wiseman Nkuhlu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/21865680 21865680]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1769780|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1769780/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20656400|Hoosen Coovadia]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70827557|Simon Henry Connell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-7245 0000-0001-6000-7245]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pVS2ZiMAAAAJ pVS2ZiMAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79622145|Heinz Rüther]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79622145|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79622145/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42571276|Gita Ramjee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1524-6778 0000-0003-1524-6778]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571276|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571276/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23540990|Carolyn Hamilton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/5146242 5146242]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23540990|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23540990/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42571456|Heidi L. Hudson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-2215 0000-0002-3274-2215]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2917149068487565730007 2917149068487565730007]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571456|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571456/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42571461|Heidi van Rooyen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-6098 0000-0002-6502-6098]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/309894208 309894208]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571461|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571461/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42571640|Jane Carruthers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-4599 0000-0001-8210-4599]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4128165628894642480006 4128165628894642480006]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/48310877 48310877]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571640/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42571644|Jeanet Conradie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-6830 0000-0002-8120-6830]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571644|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571644/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42571652|Jenny Hoobler]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571652|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571652/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80055925|Annél van Aswegen]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80055925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80055925/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2637050|Mamphela Ramphele]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51848589 51848589]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mamphela Ramphele, 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2637050|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2637050/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80056419|Hennie van Coller]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80056419|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80056419/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42572405|Marion Bamford]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30059961|paleobotanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-130X 0000-0003-0667-130X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WT8NxO0AAAAJ WT8NxO0AAAAJ]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Prof. Marion Bamford.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572405|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572405/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42572409|Maryke Labuschagne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0593-2678 0000-0003-0593-2678]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572409|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572409/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80056637|Jan Horn van Heerden]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80056637|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80056637/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42572458|Nicola Illing]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572458/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76596628|Rosalie Finlayson]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76596628|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76596628/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76596720|Peter Folb]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76596720|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76596720/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76164426|Jennifer Case]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76164426|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76164426/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42572827|Priscilla Baker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43668003|analytical chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8878-2670 0000-0002-8878-2670]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572827|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572827/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42572832|Priscilla Reddy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-9060 0000-0002-0432-9060]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572832|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572832/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42572977|Sarah Nuttall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2248623|scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1607826|editor]]''<br/>[[olùkọ̀wé]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17167049|literary scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19829999|cultural studies scholar]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51871249 51871249]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572977|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572977/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42572989|Sharon Fonn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q189603|public health]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-8707 0000-0001-6115-8707]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/53842901 53842901]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572989|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572989/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42573017|Sharon Prince]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-5255 0000-0002-6975-5255]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573017|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573017/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42573059|Soraya Seedat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-786X 0000-0002-5118-786X]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573059|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573059/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42573056|Sheona Shackleton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-9070 0000-0002-6133-9070]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yYKI71sAAAAJ yYKI71sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/170915649 170915649]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573056|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573056/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42573200|Tamara Shefer]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1201-8043 0000-0002-1201-8043]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=r4CTJqAAAAAJ r4CTJqAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/78535658 78535658]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573200|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573200/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42573246|Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573246|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573246/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42573244|Theresa Coetzer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0706-3808 0000-0003-0706-3808]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=f8CmCSsAAAAJ f8CmCSsAAAAJ]
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573244|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42573294|Olive Shisana]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-9145 0000-0001-7566-9145]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aVpgLdQAAAAJ aVpgLdQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/64244770 64244770]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573294|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573294/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37383962|Winston Hide]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-3271 0000-0002-8621-3271]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37383962|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37383962/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q36519401|Bernard Slippers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-3858 0000-0003-1491-3858]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=047C24MAAAAJ 047C24MAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/232260155 232260155]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36519401|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36519401/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47765603|Maano Ramutsindela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-5892 0000-0003-0918-5892]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/107045455 107045455]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47765603|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47765603/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79771790|Robert Slotow]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79771790|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79771790/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76167707|Philip Allan Charles]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11063|astronomer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76167707|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76167707/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76168295|Michael Cherry]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76168295|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76168295/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5092799|Cheryl de la Rey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cheryl de la Rey.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5092799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5092799/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39693728|Charles Parry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-2785 0000-0001-9787-2785]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39693728|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39693728/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54254936|Kelly Chibale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-646X 0000-0002-4541-646X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BAk6GbcAAAAJ BAk6GbcAAAAJ]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:2025UniLeiden450-4.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56850219|Suprakas Sinha Ray]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-2595 0000-0002-0007-2595]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NlGhT4oAAAAJ NlGhT4oAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/249814531 249814531]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56850219|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56850219/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56850306|Andrew Forbes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2552-5586 0000-0003-2552-5586]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/172612019 172612019]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56850306|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56850306/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71267784|Deresh Ramjugernath]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-7846 0000-0003-3447-7846]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1AIPLBYAAAAJ 1AIPLBYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/109148449566415690155 109148449566415690155]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71267784|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71267784/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76602323|Charles Fombad]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76602323|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76602323/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42145855|Jane Catherine Ngila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-4567 0000-0002-0121-4567]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NNc4NEYAAAAJ NNc4NEYAAAAJ]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Jane Catherine Ngila World Intellectual Property Day 2023 "Women in Science – Shaping the Future" Roundtable (52853221649).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42145855|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42145855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57283872|Rachel Wynberg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2984-9759 0000-0002-2984-9759]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/221289195 221289195]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57283872|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57283872/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42146216|Miriam Adhikari]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42146216|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42146216/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Khotso Mokhele]]
| ''[[:d:Q43845|businessperson]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72855367|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72855367/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78910667|Jan Neels]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78910667|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78910667/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48923762|Rashid Hassan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=B9BihLsAAAAJ B9BihLsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/74908770 74908770]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48923762|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48923762/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78479038|Philemon Mphathi Mjwara]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-2089 0000-0002-3651-2089]
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:9th BRICS STI Senior Officials Meeting (48756384933).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78479038|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78479038/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7403839|Saleem Badat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/272819134 272819134]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7403839|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7403839/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42293328|Patricia Ann Whitelock]]''
| ''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4678-4432 0000-0002-4678-4432]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24755014 24755014]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42293328|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42293328/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60170766|Robert de Mello Koch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-6242 0000-0001-8129-6242]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60170766|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60170766/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q340234|Achille Mbembe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15980158|non-fiction writer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1371925|announcer]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/112932779 112932779]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Achille Mbembe 2.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q340234|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q340234/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7837812|Trefor Jenkins]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/46916068 46916068]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Trefor Jenkins00.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7837812|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7837812/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56999820|Olubukola O Babalola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17989045|vice president]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-1909 0000-0003-4344-1909]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rmHHG2UAAAAJ rmHHG2UAAAAJ]
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76462978|Kathy Driver]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-9661 0000-0001-9349-9661]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lnfKLxEAAAAJ lnfKLxEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/281923889 281923889]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76462978|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76462978/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76463215|Themba Dube]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463215|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463215/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76463296|Norman Duncan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463296|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463296/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76463715|Lourens Marthinus du Plessis]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463715|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463715/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q68246057|Kieka Mynhardt]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6981-676X 0000-0001-6981-676X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=J81e5Q8AAAAJ J81e5Q8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/317148208 317148208]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q68246057|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q68246057/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76463789|Willemien du Plessis]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463789|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463789/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71850422|James Darkwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71850422|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71850422/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76464637|Anton Eberhard]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76464637|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76464637/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71274564|Fazal Mahmood Mahomed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19661724|Lyn Wadley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0053-0813 0000-0003-0053-0813]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bK8F68UAAAAJ bK8F68UAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/59117828 59117828]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19661724|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19661724/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78916493|Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1371378|ethnologist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=K_TTLasAAAAJ K_TTLasAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/22108228 22108228]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78916493|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78916493/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57002842|Andre Strydom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2117-5921 0000-0002-2117-5921]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57002842|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57002842/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70122331|Paramu Mafongoya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-7767 0000-0002-2918-7767]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Jam6-qsAAAAJ Jam6-qsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/13524668 13524668]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70122331|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70122331/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39271355|Brian Harvey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-7894 0000-0002-9864-7894]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39271355|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39271355/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39271374|Rajkumar Ramesar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5688-1634 0000-0001-5688-1634]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39271374|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39271374/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78629970|Vincent Clifford Moran]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78629970|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78629970/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58158094|Garth Stevens]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1113899|clinical psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462390|docent]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-0471 0000-0002-4285-0471]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=grAIOY0AAAAJ grAIOY0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/32321807 32321807]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58158094|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58158094/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57869901|Gary Stevens]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1593-9419 0000-0003-1593-9419]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57869901|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57869901/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78630482|Alan G Morris]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630482|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630482/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78630729|Johann Mouton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hs9R5SIAAAAJ hs9R5SIAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630729|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630729/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78630987|Jeffrey Mphahlele]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630987|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630987/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43165660|Edward Rybicki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9911 0000-0001-8024-9911]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/8027168049010038410006 8027168049010038410006]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43165660|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43165660/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78198987|Christopher Cuthber Posela Madiba]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78198987|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78198987/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78199182|Nomathemba Virginia Magi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78199182|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78199182/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78200124|Duma Enoch Malaza]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78200124|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78200124/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78200511|Johannes Albertus Geldenhuys Malherbe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1327130|electronics technician]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78200511|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78200511/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046047|Pragasen Pillay]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4pcRZs0AAAAJ 4pcRZs0AAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046047|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046047/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41583107|Mohamed Seedat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-3370 0000-0001-9018-3370]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41583107|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41583107/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046054|Wieland Gevers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046054|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046054/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046057|Sibusiso Sibisi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046057|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046057/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046066|B. Daya Reddy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/108617120 108617120]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Daya Reddy 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43024855|Don Cowan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-861X 0000-0001-8059-861X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/5256169639277196580003 5256169639277196580003]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43024855|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43024855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4819906|Chris Brink]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/62228603 62228603]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4819906|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4819906/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47205984|Antoinette Lombard]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7019111|social worker]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8142883|criminologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47205984|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47205984/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6694525|Loyiso Nongxa]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-8833 0000-0002-7069-8833]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1slz3CoAAAAJ 1slz3CoAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6694525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6694525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28320142|Charles Shey Wiysonge]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-4779 0000-0002-1273-4779]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28320142|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28320142/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78635852|Bangilizwe Mqeke]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78635852|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78635852/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56722047|Albert T Modi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-1721 0000-0002-6887-1721]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/313495373 313495373]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56722047|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56722047/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57010385|Charles Feldman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-8314 0000-0002-6881-8314]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57010385|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57010385/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78636399|Abraham Muasya]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78636399|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78636399/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78636572|John Cantius Mubangizi]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78636572|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78636572/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7849622|Tshilidzi Marwala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1906857|mechanical engineer]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BTVVLk0AAAAJ BTVVLk0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6459149068376565730001 6459149068376565730001]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Tshilidzi Marwala 20230801.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7849622|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7849622/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80079312|Willem Francois Petrus van Heerden]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80079312|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80079312/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78638269|Johan Pieter Muller]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78638269|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78638269/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80079982|Paul David van Helden]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80079982|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80079982/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5111630|Christof Heyns]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/71553415 71553415]
|
| [[Fáìlì:UNSR Christof Heyns speaks at the Member States briefing on the project to develop recommendations for managing peaceful protests (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5111630|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5111630/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4679172|Adam Habib]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q222344|cinematographer]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/270259342 270259342]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Dr. Adam Habib, University of Natal.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4679172|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4679172/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80080147|Albert van Jaarsveld]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_gctYysAAAAJ _gctYysAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80080147|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80080147/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80080649|Anton Albert van Niekerk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80080649|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80080649/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69988844|Jean M.S. Lubuma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69988844|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69988844/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53697704|Mike M Sathekge]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2806-0625 0000-0002-2806-0625]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/3495158005997502100008 3495158005997502100008]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53697704|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53697704/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78639158|David Mycock]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78639158|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78639158/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46200956|Bhekie B. Mamba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-2579 0000-0003-2534-2579]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LrpKtfgAAAAJ LrpKtfgAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46200956|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46200956/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80081069|Frederik van Niekerk]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80081069|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80081069/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7563912|Sospeter Muhongo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306102304 306102304]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sospeter Muhongo IAEA.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563912/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q36687101|Teresa A. Coutinho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3746192|phytopathologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-4343 0000-0002-3227-4343]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36687101|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36687101/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79649912|Roelf Feenstra Sandenbergh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27947380|metallurgical engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-5954 0000-0003-0594-5954]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79649912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79649912/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59610311|Shireen Hassim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15319501|social scientist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/10088136 10088136]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59610311|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59610311/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80082536|Brian W. Van Wilgen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-7521 0000-0002-1536-7521]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5FfLX_4AAAAJ 5FfLX_4AAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80082536|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80082536/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56150824|Carolus Johannes Reinecke]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306172207 306172207]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56150824|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56150824/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79075772|Phuthi E Ngoepe]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79075772|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79075772/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79076052|Ojelanki Ngwenyama]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79076052|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79076052/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79652950|Mamadou Sango]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79652950|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79652950/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46205941|Leslie Swartz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-5897 0000-0003-1741-5897]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/164943892 164943892]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46205941|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46205941/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62064990|Brij Maharaj]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1266-2231 0000-0003-1266-2231]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lZG7jMoAAAAJ lZG7jMoAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/38813774 38813774]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62064990|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62064990/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79654039|Christopher Saunders]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79654039|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79654039/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5262482|Derek Yach]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43845|businessperson]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1424-1457 0000-0003-1424-1457]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9Yk8-oEAAAAJ 9Yk8-oEAAAAJ]<br/>[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VXtuEqAAAAAJ VXtuEqAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/18783190 18783190]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Derek yach.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5262482|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5262482/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79654325|Maria Schoeman]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79654325|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79654325/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80087071|Jacobus Daniel van Wyk]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087071|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087071/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
o1jgmosovt4pz4mim9d4ttvvuhuhk08
Oníṣe:GerardM/Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences
2
67927
622414
622132
2026-06-16T01:32:52Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622414
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q63208574 Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences]
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
DISTINCT ?item
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
(REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid)
(CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "/missing{{!}}📖]]") AS ?scholia)
WHERE {
?item wdt:P166 wd:Q63208574 .
OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q63208574/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q63208574/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! iṣẹ́ oòjọ́ rẹ̀
! ORCID iD
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF ID
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| [[Aster Gebrekirstos]]
| ''[[:d:Q112118046|dendrochronologist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=etG2BlkAAAAJ etG2BlkAAAAJ]
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69620911|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69620911/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136804214|Robert Clement Abaidoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126368762|agricultural scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-2252 0000-0002-1235-2252]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804214|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804214/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136804230|Eric Garfunkel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804230|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804230/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64863784|Kétévi Adiklè Assamagan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-2662 0000-0002-4826-2662]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CAIzkM4AAAAJ CAIzkM4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/7912150325550710090000 7912150325550710090000]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Assamagan's inspiration in chalk.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64863784|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64863784/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136804979|Eyassu Seifu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4648 0000-0003-0700-4648]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804979|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804979/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136804985|Gulelat D. Haki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7147-3767 0000-0002-7147-3767]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804985/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805000|Karimbhai Maredia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-6674 0000-0001-8966-6674]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805000|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805000/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Violet Naanyu]]
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15319501|social scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-1719 0000-0003-0182-1719]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=h7R4n18AAAAJ h7R4n18AAAAJ]
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90670625|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90670625/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805035|George Armah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805035|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805035/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59818338|Daniel O. Olago]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16335312|geochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1113838|climatologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-5802 0000-0001-6080-5802]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OVcYkjsAAAAJ OVcYkjsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/36271982 36271982]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59818338|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59818338/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q36606980|Keto E. Mshigeni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/270041191 270041191]
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36606980|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36606980/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805530|Wanangwa Paxie Chirwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7544-973X 0000-0002-7544-973X]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805530|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805530/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805547|Donald Rugira Kugonza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4873-6637 0000-0002-4873-6637]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805547|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805547/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805575|Abidemi J. Akindele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-0437 0000-0002-9007-0437]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805575|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805575/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805659|Mona K. Marei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3767 0000-0001-9104-3767]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805659|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805659/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805853|Silvanus Anika]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1953-5889 0009-0004-1953-5889]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805853|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805853/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28822985|Helen Rees]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1442-6734 0000-0003-1442-6734]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Zoi9JkkAAAAJ Zoi9JkkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306342322 306342322]
| 2023
| [[Fáìlì:AP 150814 013(1).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28822985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28822985/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4891228|Bereket Selassie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51733223 51733223]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4891228|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4891228/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32860776|Felix Dapare Dakora]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-6896 0000-0002-9070-6896]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DW22bZEAAAAJ DW22bZEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/9379653 9379653]
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100188207|Ali Hadi]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=-8xAh5IAAAAJ -8xAh5IAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51872077 51872077]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100188207|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100188207/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55207785|Mohamed-Slim Alouini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1326886|electrical engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793 0000-0003-4827-1793]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HqIyyXcAAAAJ HqIyyXcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68263440 68263440]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:ProfessorMohamedSlimAlouini.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55207785|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55207785/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Glenda Gray]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-5774 0000-0002-9510-5774]<br/>[https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-1477 0000-0003-4649-1477]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/7933149919450906650009 7933149919450906650009]
| 2015
| [[Fáìlì:Glenda Gray SA.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17579989|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17579989/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70058215|Ekundayo E. Balogun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2001
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70058215|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70058215/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55209372|Christian Pirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-7044 0000-0001-6821-7044]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55209372|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55209372/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66310471|Balla D. Ngom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-6057 0000-0003-2113-6057]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2LdAXvwAAAAJ 2LdAXvwAAAAJ]
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66310471|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66310471/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72365884|Shabaan Khalil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72365884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72365884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60976859|Tito Fernandes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6841-386X 0000-0002-6841-386X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/99247123 99247123]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60976859|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60976859/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43099801|Daniel K. Masiga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7513-0887 0000-0001-7513-0887]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43099801|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43099801/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133783051|John Stephen Balirwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51320728 51320728]
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133783051|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133783051/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50308829|Adolé Isabelle Glitho-Akueson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/207317995 207317995]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/9501701 9501701]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50308829|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50308829/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72367389|Salif E. Diop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72367389|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72367389/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72367795|Malik Maaza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21329070|materials scientist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=e6kaeYMAAAAJ e6kaeYMAAAAJ]
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72367795|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72367795/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102067042|Pius Tshimankinda Mpiana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-6017 0000-0002-8590-6017]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102067042|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102067042/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71935566|Moustapha Bousmina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1501800|director general]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71935566|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71935566/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72368401|Philip Okinda Owuor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72368401|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72368401/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71936525|Berhanu Molla Abegaz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71936525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71936525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2879326|Bahru Zewde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/32079815 32079815]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2879326|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2879326/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18161438|Salim Abdool Karim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-2133 0000-0002-4986-2133]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/273180719 273180719]
| 2011
| [[Fáìlì:Slim portrait 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71648650|Salim A. Messaoudi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71648650|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71648650/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71937445|Oluwole Daniel Makinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71937445|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71937445/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89958961|Kenneth Ngure]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-0933 0000-0002-8062-0933]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89958961|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89958961/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Francis B. Nyamnjoh]]
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-8874 0000-0002-4702-8874]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ohr8cwUAAAAJ Ohr8cwUAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1454149198360374940001 1454149198360374940001]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/19657109 19657109]
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71649506|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71649506/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72370801|Toka Diagana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102038373|applied mathematician]]''<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wCDdpqIAAAAJ wCDdpqIAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/316021122 316021122]
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72370801|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72370801/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3169275|Jean-Pierre Ezin]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/66314389 66314389]
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3169275|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3169275/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72371351|Georges-Ivo E. Ekosse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72371351|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72371351/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71650707|Hendrik B. Geyer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59684910|Mamoudou Sétamou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-4826 0000-0002-4777-4826]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59684910|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59684910/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71939470|Tsehaie Woldai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71939470|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71939470/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71651436|Sami Ahmed Khalid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q114355509|pharmacognosist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vRcHHLwAAAAJ vRcHHLwAAAAJ]
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71651436|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71651436/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71651888|David Justin Bakibinga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71651888|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71651888/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39790371|Gordon S. Shephard]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-9036 0000-0002-1267-9036]
|
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39790371|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39790371/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71533895|Mutuku J. Mutinga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/160042336 160042336]
| 1987
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71533895|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71533895/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69948069|Boitumelo Kgarebe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43668003|analytical chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69948069|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69948069/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71534114|Abdellattif Benachenhou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1987
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71534114|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71534114/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102386503|Charles Alexander Kenmogne Kamhoua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1326886|electrical engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-5975 0000-0003-2169-5975]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/10152820090000680990 10152820090000680990]
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102386503|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102386503/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72543404|Joseph Otieno Malo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2004
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72543404|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72543404/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56973143|Sreekantha B Jonnalagadda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-8875 0000-0001-6501-8875]
|
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56973143|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56973143/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72543749|Geoffrey M. Maloiy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2004
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72543749|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72543749/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42412314|Iruka Okeke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-7587 0000-0002-1694-7587]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KCc3tdAAAAAJ KCc3tdAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/124748506 124748506]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42412314|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42412314/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72544202|Guiguemde Robert Tinga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2004
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72544202|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72544202/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69949205|Judy Omumbo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2462658|manager]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-9346 0000-0002-9475-9346]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/297748857 297748857]
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69949205|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69949205/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72544386|El Hadji Ibrahima Diop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2004
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72544386|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72544386/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10263918|Daniel Bekoe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q10263918|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q10263918/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72545465|Shoukry Sayed Hassan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2004
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72545465|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72545465/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46307003|Baldwyn Torto]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-9903 0000-0002-5080-9903]
|
|
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Baldwyn Torto.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46307003|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46307003/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71680967|Richard Tuyee Awuah]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71680967|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71680967/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71104683|Willem Albert Hanekom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6788-1645 0000-0002-6788-1645]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GNFho0kAAAAJ GNFho0kAAAAJ]
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72546417|Samuel Ochieng Akatch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2004
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72546417|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72546417/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71105045|Kenneth Ikechukwu Ozoemena]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21329070|materials scientist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=C_DBAdcAAAAJ C_DBAdcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/92148449719715690983 92148449719715690983]
| 2015
| [[Fáìlì:Kenneth Ikechukwu Ozoemena1.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71105045|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71105045/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Wafaa El-Sadr]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-9781 0000-0003-3735-9781]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/16610624 16610624]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Wafaa El-Sadr.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7959409|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7959409/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4355545|Ali Mazrui]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16947320|geopolitical analyst]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/170748029 170748029]
| 1988
| [[Fáìlì:MazruiAlihs6283.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4355545|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4355545/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70962238|Paco Sereme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/313544860 313544860]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70962238|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70962238/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q318960|Richard Leakey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21272406|paleoanthropologist]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q16060693|conservationist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3578589|environmentalist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18814623|autobiographer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/99598525 99598525]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Richard Leakey (1986).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q318960|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q318960/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Omowunmi Sadik]]
| ''[[:d:Q37226|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q205375|inventor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8514-0608 0000-0001-8514-0608]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/65232320 65232320]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Omowunmi Sadik Speaker at Innovation Day 2010backlit.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22088836|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22088836/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72404892|Joseph Massaquoi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72404892|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72404892/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Ahmed Gomaa Ahmed Radwan]]
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''
|
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100229892|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100229892/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72693657|Attia Ashour]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/119189351 119189351]
| 1985
| [[Fáìlì:Attia Ashour 1960.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72693657|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72693657/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72405451|Bhen Sikina Toguebaye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
|
|
|
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72405451|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72405451/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100230371|Mathew D. Esona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-947X 0000-0003-4069-947X]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100230371|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100230371/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71685030|Aggrey J. D. Ambali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71685030|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71685030/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Eliane Ubalijoro]]
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1210069|general manager]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-9454 0000-0002-4575-9454]
|
|
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69666729|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69666729/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71396915|O. Williams]]''
|
|
|
|
| 1986
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71396915|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71396915/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71685304|Theonest K. Mutabingwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71685304|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71685304/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71397225|Ahmed Hassanali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68460170 68460170]
| 1986
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71397225|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71397225/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72406627|Steven Odi-Owei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2005
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72406627|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72406627/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55539279|Jacobus N. Eloff]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-9842 0000-0003-1494-9842]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/63822206 63822206]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55539279|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55539279/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3349810|Ogobara K. Doumbo]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-9641 0000-0001-8445-9641]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/208871310 208871310]
| 2016
| [[Fáìlì:Ogobara Doumbo, Réseau GABRIEL.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3349810|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3349810/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42420373|Guy F. Midgley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-0869 0000-0001-8264-0869]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/53146094231500331476 53146094231500331476]
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71686881|John Ouma-Mugabe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-014X 0000-0002-7076-014X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gFQYEK0AAAAJ gFQYEK0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/63265255 63265255]
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71686881|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71686881/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58134957|Makaiko Chithambo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9720-2412 0000-0002-9720-2412]
|
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58134957|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58134957/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71542898|Christophe Bouramoue]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/66513025 66513025]
| 1987
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71542898|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71542898/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89996769|Sanjay Mathur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-2693 0000-0003-2765-2693]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/36448767 36448767]
| 2023
| [[Fáìlì:Prof. Dr. Sanjay Mathur.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89996769|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89996769/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70966530|John Akintayo Adedoyin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91006792|atmospheric physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70966530|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70966530/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22237142|Mary Chinery-Hesse]]''
| [[Adájọ́]]<br/>''[[:d:Q212238|civil servant]]''<br/>[[Gíwá yunifásítì]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Chancellors office new.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22237142|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22237142/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71543347|Suzanne Urverg-Ratsimamanga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1706722|research fellow]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/19020784 19020784]
| 1987
| [[Fáìlì:Albert and Suzanne Ratsimamanga in China in 1972.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71543347|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71543347/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60731179|Mark Woolhouse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3765-8167 0000-0003-3765-8167]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/104638338 104638338]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/55979521 55979521]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60731179|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60731179/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100233959|Grace Olusola Gbotosho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100233959|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100233959/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62749815|Albertus Viljoen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8949-7401 0000-0001-8949-7401]
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62749815|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62749815/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61164129|Mohey M Elmazar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5076-9817 0000-0002-5076-9817]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=A13929kAAAAJ A13929kAAAAJ]
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61164129|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61164129/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21517424|David Kenfack]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98544732|scientific collector]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8208-3388 0000-0001-8208-3388]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rHikh2wAAAAJ rHikh2wAAAAJ]
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21517424|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21517424/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Kawango Agot]]
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0475-6951 0000-0002-0475-6951]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/61206910 61206910]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6379652|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6379652/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18201851|Romain Murenzi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212238|civil servant]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]
|
|
|
| 2011
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18201851|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18201851/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115805249|Ashraf Mansour]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]
|
|
|
| 2014
| [[Fáìlì:Ashraf Mansour.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115805249|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115805249/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Alash'le abimiku]]
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2213-0204 0000-0003-2213-0204]
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526753|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526753/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69526781|Margaret Okomo Adhiambo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-8916 0000-0003-0415-8916]
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526781|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526781/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69526864|Lise Korsten]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3746192|phytopathologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-7659 0000-0003-0232-7659]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N5Xy6m4AAAAJ N5Xy6m4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6903149296167980670000 6903149296167980670000]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526864|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526864/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69526970|Chantal Yvette Zoungrana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4764960|animal nutritionist]]''
|
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526970|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526970/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Kayode Oyebode Adebowale]]
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''
|
|
|
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:IMG-20230611-WA0020.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75149847|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75149847/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71834136|Hassan Hassan]]''
|
|
|
|
| 1989
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71834136|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71834136/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24690765|Papa Abdoulaye Seck]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2609724 2609724]
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q24690765|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q24690765/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57850372|Michele Zema]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-3122 0000-0001-6950-3122]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57850372|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57850372/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72556051|Timothy Olurotimi Tayo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
|
| 2001
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556051|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556051/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72700522|Samson Gombe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
|
| 1985
| [[Fáìlì:Gombe.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72700522|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72700522/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72556770|Paulus Pierre Gerdes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
|
|
|
| 2001
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556770|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556770/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q73133547|Christian Happi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-6705 0000-0002-3056-6705]
|
|
| 2023
| [[Fáìlì:Christian Happi - 2021 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73133547|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73133547/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65925115|Collins Ouma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8205-8887 0000-0001-8205-8887]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65925115|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65925115/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45453026|Newton Kumwenda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-4339 0000-0003-2622-4339]
|
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45453026|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45453026/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72556982|Mustapha Benmouna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/166972430 166972430]
| 2001
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556982|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556982/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Mohamed T. El-Ashry]]
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/18651968 18651968]
| 2001
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557259|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557259/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Tal-hatu Hamzat]]
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q783906|neurologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q694748|physiotherapist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q702269|professional]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2994387|adviser]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4558-7565 0000-0003-4558-7565]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rjr_1G4AAAAJ rjr_1G4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/310715430 310715430]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48336788|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48336788/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72557486|Julius Amioba Okojie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2001
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557486|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557486/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20656400|Hoosen Coovadia]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]''
|
|
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70827557|Simon Henry Connell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-7245 0000-0001-6000-7245]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pVS2ZiMAAAAJ pVS2ZiMAAAAJ]
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72557853|Juma Shabani]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2001
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557853|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557853/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q44156522|Wilfred Fomban Mbacham]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-3233 0000-0002-3934-3233]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/122013263 122013263]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q44156522|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q44156522/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72558052|Mohamed Dachraoui]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/203208984 203208984]
| 1999
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558052|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558052/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72558558|Nduka Okafor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1999
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558558|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558558/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Adebayo Adedeji]]
| ''[[:d:Q19822359|member of the Senate of Nigeria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/13108322 13108322]
| 1991
| [[Fáìlì:Adebayo Adedeji (1986).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q185574|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q185574/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71405575|Luna Kamau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-0283 0000-0002-2186-0283]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=muBMcLuwd98C muBMcLuwd98C]
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71405575|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71405575/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71694307|Mahmoud Mamdani]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694307|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694307/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72559324|Emmanuel M.K.A. Edee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14906342|biophysicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1999
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72559324|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72559324/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Rose Leke]]
| ''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/122064414 122064414]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69675936|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69675936/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91445643|Emiru Birhane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8644-5961 0000-0002-8644-5961]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91445643|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91445643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71694570|Joseph Ibomein Okogun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694570|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694570/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72271279|Fredrick I. B. Kayanja]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72271279|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72271279/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133255355|Amany Fekry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16744668|physical chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9084-9275 0000-0001-9084-9275]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tWfLr34AAAAJ tWfLr34AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68170344568652342866 68170344568652342866]
| 2020
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133255355|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133255355/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71694808|Mohamed Hilmy Elnagdi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/316556642 316556642]
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694808|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694808/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72271655|Mohmoud Hafez]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72271655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72271655/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42572827|Priscilla Baker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43668003|analytical chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8878-2670 0000-0002-8878-2670]
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572827|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572827/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71262696|Aberra Mogessie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13416354|mineralogist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/35647551 35647551]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71262696|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71262696/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59296715|Yacob Mulugetta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1113838|climatologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-8896 0000-0003-3191-8896]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/270613561 270613561]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59296715|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59296715/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70830404|Simeon Materechera]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BFG0EWgAAAAJ BFG0EWgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/104729116 104729116]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70830404|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70830404/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72705162|M. Saydil Toure]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/290973541 290973541]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72705162|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72705162/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60018263|Chérif F. Matta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8397-5353 0000-0001-8397-5353]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/23310006 23310006]
| 2021
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60018263|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60018263/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72705784|Jerome Dinga-Reassi]]''
|
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72705784|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72705784/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18209595|Oyewusi Ibidapo Obe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18209595|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18209595/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46611709|Namrita Lall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15816836|bacteriologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3242-3476 0000-0002-3242-3476]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=dXWjuV4AAAAJ dXWjuV4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/5151776719418010841 5151776719418010841]
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46611709|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46611709/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42719502|Hussein I. El-Subbagh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-9883 0000-0002-5891-9883]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42719502|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42719502/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69679368|Isabella Akyinbah Quakyi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9csuOUAAAAAJ 9csuOUAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/317185589 317185589]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69679368|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69679368/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60885159|Sassy Molyneux]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-416X 0000-0001-9522-416X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/170999118 170999118]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60885159|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60885159/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66940683|Charles O. Wambebe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1627196|Pharmazeut]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-1874 0000-0002-7231-1874]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68669936 68669936]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66940683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66940683/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71842546|Hassan Mohamed Talaat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71842546|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71842546/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71842769|Shaukat Abdulrazak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71842769|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71842769/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70112908|Moffat Nyirenda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-4806 0000-0003-2120-4806]
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70112908|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70112908/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83809390|Abiodun Humphrey Adebayo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5135-064X 0000-0001-5135-064X]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83809390|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83809390/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54254936|Kelly Chibale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-646X 0000-0002-4541-646X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BAk6GbcAAAAJ BAk6GbcAAAAJ]
|
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:2025UniLeiden450-4.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72276510|Paul Nchoji Nkwi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/93078774 93078774]
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72276510|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72276510/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71267784|Deresh Ramjugernath]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-7846 0000-0003-3447-7846]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1AIPLBYAAAAJ 1AIPLBYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/109148449566415690155 109148449566415690155]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71267784|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71267784/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90009912|Zouheir Sekkat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-829X 0000-0002-2808-829X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/56853523 56853523]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90009912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90009912/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42145855|Jane Catherine Ngila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-4567 0000-0002-0121-4567]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NNc4NEYAAAAJ NNc4NEYAAAAJ]
|
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Jane Catherine Ngila World Intellectual Property Day 2023 "Women in Science – Shaping the Future" Roundtable (52853221649).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42145855|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42145855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71845035|Burton L.M. Mwamila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71845035|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71845035/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71845450|Barthelemy Nyasse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71845450|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71845450/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16628806|Dieudonné Gumedzoé]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/104642336 104642336]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/104745518 104745518]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/29151110619437060337 29151110619437060337]
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16628806|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16628806/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Khaled Elleithy]]
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9239-5035 0000-0001-9239-5035]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6I7zOqYAAAAJ 6I7zOqYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/173154329 173154329]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40272844|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40272844/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yehia Bahei El-Din]]
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9324-1011 0000-0001-9324-1011]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3pg7TEkAAAAJ 3pg7TEkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/40741460 40741460]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70116565|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70116565/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48923762|Rashid Hassan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=B9BihLsAAAAJ B9BihLsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/74908770 74908770]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48923762|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48923762/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664658|Abdallah Daar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/171083594 171083594]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4664658|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4664658/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71848113|Driss Aboutajdine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60461982|information engineer]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=34p8BGQAAAAJ 34p8BGQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/91147663165260552855 91147663165260552855]
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71848113|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71848113/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664945|Abdi Ismail Samatar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/223814927 223814927]
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Professor Abdi Samatar.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4664945|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4664945/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69685837|Rosemary Chepkorir Sang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1113838|climatologist]]''
|
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69685837|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69685837/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71271725|Oliver Ibe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1326886|electrical engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-1992 0000-0002-5755-1992]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lM4TE0sAAAAJ lM4TE0sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/54396218 54396218]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71271725|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71271725/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63198293|Gisèle Mophou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q102038373|applied mathematician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48999002|numerical analyst]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7949-8152 0000-0001-7949-8152]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/307501118 307501118]
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63198293|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63198293/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59306043|Tumani Corrah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
|
|
|
| 2016
| [[Fáìlì:Professor Tumani Corrah CBE MRG.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59306043|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59306043/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19947657|Rajaâ Cherkaoui El Moursli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16742096|nuclear physicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5842-2818 0000-0002-5842-2818]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/55147266671935481200 55147266671935481200]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19947657|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19947657/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71993221|Demissie Habte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51022274 51022274]
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71993221|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71993221/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56999820|Olubukola O Babalola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17989045|vice president]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-1909 0000-0003-4344-1909]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rmHHG2UAAAAJ rmHHG2UAAAAJ]
|
| 2021
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27445659|Francine Ntoumi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-050X 0000-0003-4748-050X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/190588346 190588346]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27445659|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27445659/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71850422|James Darkwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71850422|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71850422/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72571286|Fredrick Owino]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1999
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72571286|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72571286/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57000984|Fa-tang Li]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-090X 0000-0002-8777-090X]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57000984|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57000984/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71273871|Peter Christophe Vale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71273871|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71273871/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72571407|Ahmed Amin Hamza]]''
|
|
|
|
| 1995
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72571407|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72571407/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70121060|Abdel Karim Koumare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4257307 4257307]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70121060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70121060/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71274564|Fazal Mahmood Mahomed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71419393|Odidi Charles Okidi]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=c4yg2ZgAAAAJ c4yg2ZgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/166891565 166891565]
| 1986
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71419393|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71419393/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71275420|Masresha Fetene]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lf4k8zAAAAAJ Lf4k8zAAAAAJ]
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71275420|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71275420/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22113536|Sunday Ekesi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-1360 0000-0001-9787-1360]
|
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22113536|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22113536/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70122331|Paramu Mafongoya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-7767 0000-0002-2918-7767]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Jam6-qsAAAAJ Jam6-qsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/13524668 13524668]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70122331|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70122331/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12887060|Aderemi Kuku]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/111184030 111184030]
| 1986
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887060/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12887129|Aissa Wade]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-9663 0000-0002-8441-9663]
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887129|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887129/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71996907|Rashad Kebeasy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71996907|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71996907/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71276260|Assan Jaye]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0294-3179 0000-0003-0294-3179]
|
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71276260|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71276260/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53687705|Abiy Yenesew]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-3200 0000-0002-1123-3200]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/145667460 145667460]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53687705|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53687705/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37829835|Brett Pletschke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8117-1730 0000-0001-8117-1730]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=b9vzh4YAAAAJ b9vzh4YAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/41619427 41619427]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37829835|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37829835/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59167174|David Mba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4623 0000-0001-7278-4623]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=V9tO4J8AAAAJ V9tO4J8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/46290755 46290755]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59167174|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59167174/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56860561|Rasheed A. Adeleke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8974-422X 0000-0002-8974-422X]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56860561|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56860561/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85982922|Lynn Zijenah]]''
| [[olùkọ̀wé]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0090-896X 0000-0003-0090-896X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=chwzRmIAAAAJ chwzRmIAAAAJ]
|
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85982922|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85982922/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57869901|Gary Stevens]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1593-9419 0000-0003-1593-9419]
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57869901|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57869901/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72431102|Joash Ronald Aluoch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2005
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431102|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431102/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56428259|Leena Tripathi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q100985908|plant molecular biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-4981 0000-0001-5723-4981]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WEKeiEYAAAAJ WEKeiEYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/58505887 58505887]
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56428259|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56428259/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Abba Gumel]]
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8413-1248 0000-0002-8413-1248]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=MpJ7daYAAAAJ MpJ7daYAAAAJ]<br/>[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nEZt41cAAAAJ nEZt41cAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68352879 68352879]
| 2009
| [[Fáìlì:Gumel-May2022.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19664934|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19664934/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72431255|Ikenna Onyido]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2005
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431255/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12889407|David Bekolle]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12889407|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12889407/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71999343|Gideon B. A. Okelo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6533462 6533462]
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71999343|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71999343/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12889841|Godwin Osakpemwoya Samuel Ekhaguere]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
|
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12889841|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12889841/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62051812|Hichem Eleuch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16745601|quantum physicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-137X 0000-0002-4596-137X]<br/>[https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6836-114X 0000-0002-6836-114X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xnUL1qYAAAAJ xnUL1qYAAAAJ]
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62051812|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62051812/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72576319|Laban Ayieko Ogallo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2310145|meteorologist]]''
|
|
|
| 1995
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72576319|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72576319/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676572|Etim Moses Essien]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]''
|
|
|
| 2005
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676572|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676572/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q781127|Augustin Banyaga]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q18663426|topologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/60823261 60823261]
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q781127|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q781127/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12891811|James O. C. Ezeilo]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JCLL7-sAAAAJ JCLL7-sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2919173973177923810006 2919173973177923810006]
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891811/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72578352|John Ong'ayo Kokwaro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1995
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72578352|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72578352/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72578525|Nayel Barakat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1995
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72578525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72578525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71281142|Godfrey Banyuy Tangwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71281142|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71281142/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Abdellatif Berbich]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/281847500 281847500]
| 1986
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65659104|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65659104/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046066|B. Daya Reddy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/108617120 108617120]
| 2006
| [[Fáìlì:Daya Reddy 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20679495|Victor Adenuga Oyenuga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/190682891 190682891]
| 1995
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20679495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20679495/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5397944|Esi Awuah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24126225 24126225]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5397944|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5397944/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12894830|Mahouton Norbert Hounkonnou]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6231-4975 0000-0002-6231-4975]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xt6cFe0AAAAJ xt6cFe0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/660152636065620050259 660152636065620050259]
| 2005
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12894830|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12894830/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92620940|Willie T. Chinyamurindi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4139-4224 0000-0002-4139-4224]
|
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92620940|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92620940/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89449484|Angela J Woodiwiss]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2055046|physiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2555-4125 0000-0003-2555-4125]
|
|
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89449484|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89449484/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7849622|Tshilidzi Marwala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1906857|mechanical engineer]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BTVVLk0AAAAJ BTVVLk0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6459149068376565730001 6459149068376565730001]
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:Tshilidzi Marwala 20230801.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7849622|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7849622/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70707752|Justin Mbaya Kankwenda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/17232463 17232463]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70707752|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70707752/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92621619|Saliou Niassy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-4041 0000-0003-1061-4041]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92621619|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92621619/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72005419|Najia Kbir-Ariguib]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/7435369 7435369]
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72005419|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72005419/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Edemariam Tsega]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/60591861 60591861]
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72005621|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72005621/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98388757|Fabian I. Ezema]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-1417 0000-0002-4633-1417]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98388757|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98388757/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70708375|Kanigula Mubagwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2055046|physiologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/192147223 192147223]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70708375|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70708375/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72006112|Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/22366073 22366073]
| 1988
| [[Fáìlì:Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja in 1967.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72006112|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72006112/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3525519|Thomas Risley Odhiambo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/73933692 73933692]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3525519|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3525519/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4679172|Adam Habib]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q222344|cinematographer]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/270259342 270259342]
| 2015
| [[Fáìlì:Dr. Adam Habib, University of Natal.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4679172|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4679172/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41587032|Emmanuel I Iwuoha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-0433 0000-0001-6102-0433]
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41587032|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41587032/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5112093|Christopher Chetsanga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
|
|
|
| 1986
| [[Fáìlì:Christopher Chetsanga.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5112093|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5112093/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61050066|Adel Belouchrani]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-7346 0000-0002-4579-7346]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xMg-DccAAAAJ xMg-DccAAAAJ]
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61050066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61050066/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69988844|Jean M.S. Lubuma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69988844|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69988844/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72584189|Abdelkader Gaid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1993
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72584189|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72584189/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Faith Osier]]
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-5375 0000-0001-7133-5375]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=w_WSUQMAAAAJ w_WSUQMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4950153532468948820000 4950153532468948820000]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21259711|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21259711/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7563912|Sospeter Muhongo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306102304 306102304]
| 2006
| [[Fáìlì:Sospeter Muhongo IAEA.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563912/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7563919|Sossina M. Haile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5293-6252 0000-0002-5293-6252]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/186944228 186944228]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563919|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563919/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Wandera Ogana]]
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''
|
|
|
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12898252|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12898252/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih]]
| ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
|
| 1993
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72584630|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72584630/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69990468|Asinisi Fina Opio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
|
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69990468|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69990468/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71576562|Neil John Coville]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71576562|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71576562/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20685033|Cyril Agodi Onwumechili]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
|
| 1987
| [[Fáìlì:Onwumechili wiki pix.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685033|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685033/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53700005|Kogieleum Naidoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-6661 0000-0002-8874-6661]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53700005|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53700005/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61773631|Bruce Ovbiagele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q783906|neurologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-0644 0000-0002-9958-0644]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/315219302 315219302]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Bruce Ovbiagele in Official Veterans Health Affairs Photograph.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61773631|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61773631/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71577436|Michael Ian Cherry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''
|
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71577436|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71577436/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72587424|David Tinakpoewan Okpako]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/60630064 60630064]
| 1993
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72587424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72587424/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74173507|Djodji Akoly Nyatepe-Coo]]''
| [[akọ̀ròyìn]]
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74173507|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74173507/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6990732|Nelson Sewankambo]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q913404|Doctor of Medicine]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9362-053X 0000-0001-9362-053X]
|
|
| 2015
| [[Fáìlì:Fogarty-nih-50th-symposium-speaker-nelson-sewankambo (41746078365).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6990732|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6990732/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72588073|Abed Muhammad Peerally]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1993
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72588073|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72588073/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Salah Obaya]]
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LufGKs4AAAAJ LufGKs4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/121088904 121088904]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70425789|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70425789/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29266713|Jinde Cao]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-7119 0000-0003-3133-7119]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8_ffELYAAAAJ 8_ffELYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/305757435 305757435]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29266713|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29266713/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56371767|Gilbert Kokwaro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/187460259 187460259]
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56371767|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56371767/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5479986|Francis Allotey]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/21408100 21408100]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5479986|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5479986/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58967151|Hussein Shimelis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-8392 0000-0003-2793-8392]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/5611165573930937800007 5611165573930937800007]
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58967151|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58967151/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75114791|Richard Adebayo Adegbola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114791|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114791/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71654754|Andries Johannes van der Walt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2325224|constitutional lawyer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/58628637 58628637]
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71654754|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71654754/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71655038|Thomas Eugene Cloete]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71655038|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71655038/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72375958|Anthony Okon Nyong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72375958|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72375958/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66753472|Nelson Torto]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AsEAq6gAAAAJ AsEAq6gAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/206679357 206679357]
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66753472|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66753472/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72664550|Trebi Ollenu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72664550|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72664550/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72664996|Mohammed Kamel Mahmoud]]''
| ''[[:d:Q83042|neurology]]''
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72664996|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72664996/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64159003|Musa W. Dube]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q66780166|New Testament scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19829990|biblical scholar]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/79179401 79179401]
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64159003|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64159003/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72665654|Anthony Youdeowei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/18554459 18554459]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72665654|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72665654/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72233334|Mohamed El-Fouly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-1665 0000-0003-4179-1665]
|
|
| 1993
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72233334|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72233334/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48012782|Mohamed H. Alkordi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-748X 0000-0003-1807-748X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_OagxjgAAAAJ _OagxjgAAAAJ]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Alkordi Profile 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48012782|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48012782/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72666358|Robert Butler]]''
|
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72666358|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72666358/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71945590|Rufus O. Adegboye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1989
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71945590|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71945590/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71225040|Solomon Habtemariam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-2244 0000-0001-6743-2244]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=uzkjFrkAAAAJ uzkjFrkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/10152986632412671612 10152986632412671612]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71225040|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71225040/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90832458|Nelly Mugo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-006X 0000-0002-2347-006X]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90832458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90832458/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2024682|Ben-Erik van Wyk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-8193 0000-0003-0306-8193]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1092541 1092541]
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:BenErikVanWykFotoThalerTamas.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2024682|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2024682/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50610797|Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-7685 0000-0001-5677-7685]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50610797|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50610797/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71371411|Bernard Lategan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71371411|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71371411/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71804243|Bede Nwoye Okigbo]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/31022139 31022139]
| 1989
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71804243|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71804243/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69785950|Ambaliou Sanni]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=emtItOoAAAAJ emtItOoAAAAJ]
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69785950|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69785950/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2747148|Henri Hogbe Nlend]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/27586482 27586482]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2747148|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2747148/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16731804|Thuli Madonsela]]''
| [[amòfin]]<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/309897588 309897588]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Thuli Madonsela April 2014.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16731804|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16731804/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q34176386|Jacques Simpore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-9161 0000-0002-0415-9161]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IhV_bywAAAAJ IhV_bywAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/46206610 46206610]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q34176386|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q34176386/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72381742|Hassan M. Abdelaal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72381742|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72381742/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89538169|Rufus O Akinyemi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-428X 0000-0001-5286-428X]
|
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89538169|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89538169/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Djeffal Fayçal]]
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=e6DPr20AAAAJ e6DPr20AAAAJ]
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71372771|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71372771/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16732954|Peter Mugyenyi]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-9973 0000-0002-9183-9973]
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16732954|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16732954/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71661709|Yunus Daud Mgaya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4913 0000-0002-9592-4913]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/26656867 26656867]
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71661709|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71661709/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q153540|Gebisa Ejeta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-153X 0000-0002-1109-153X]
|
|
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Gebisa Ejeta (26420838105).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q153540|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q153540/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71806196|Abdel-Rhaman H. S. Salama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1989
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71806196|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71806196/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43549311|Olanike Adeyemo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202883|veterinarian]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-5090 0000-0003-3404-5090]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AbsyqJgAAAAJ AbsyqJgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/305638553 305638553]
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:Prof Olanike Adeyemo portrait .jpeg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549311|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549311/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71662525|Dominic W. Makawiti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71662525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71662525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43549557|Hubertine Rose Éholie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/194119345 194119345]
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549557|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549557/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98190343|Segun Fatumo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-3362 0000-0003-4525-3362]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98190343|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98190343/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5345157|Edward S. Ayensu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104188750|life scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1345663|development worker]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sTCOg4EAAAAJ sTCOg4EAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/66555068 66555068]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5345157|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5345157/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1452770|Ogunlade Davidson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1113838|climatologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/18584290 18584290]
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1452770|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1452770/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42252920|Collet Dandara]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-4895 0000-0002-5925-4895]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tC8JRhYAAAAJ tC8JRhYAAAAJ]
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42252920|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42252920/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Francisca Nneka Okeke]]
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/182166797 182166797]
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Prof. Francisca Okeke.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15725998|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15725998/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Amina Abubakar]]
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3686-7904 0000-0002-3686-7904]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3M2KYN4AAAAJ 3M2KYN4AAAAJ]
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53498731|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53498731/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72385148|Khalil Ezzinbi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72385148|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72385148/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72385528|Eid Hassan Doha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72385528|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72385528/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79450846|Amos A. Fatokun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-7589 0000-0001-5183-7589]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79450846|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79450846/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062369|Isa Marte Hussaini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062369|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062369/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43697544|Anthony I. Okoh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-085X 0000-0002-9770-085X]
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46004572|Félix Malu wa Kalenga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/26011339 26011339]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46004572|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46004572/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544531|Roseanne Diab]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-8320 0000-0002-3564-8320]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RAEK2eEAAAAJ RAEK2eEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/55645762 55645762]
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544531|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544531/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53934170|Mahamadou A. Thera]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2679-035X 0000-0002-2679-035X]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53934170|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53934170/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111602308|Samuel B. Mukasa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2198-1683 0000-0002-2198-1683]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111602308|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111602308/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71811551|O. S. Adegoke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30059961|paleobotanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/161366269 161366269]
| 1989
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71811551|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71811551/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42545058|Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9387-0432 0000-0001-9387-0432]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/169009503 169009503]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42545058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42545058/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71523375|Mohamed El-Amin Ahmed El-Tom]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q13423598|education expert]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/109655915 109655915]
| 1986
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71523375|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71523375/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37643684|Adrienne L. Edkins]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3615-6651 0000-0002-3615-6651]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/314901582 314901582]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643684|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643684/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72244805|Mouhamadour Bassir Diop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72244805|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72244805/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61144102|Victor O. Lasebikan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5834-9190 0000-0001-5834-9190]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61144102|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61144102/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Oluwatoyin Ogundipe]]
| ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q723682|dean]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/219152138567310980964 219152138567310980964]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Prof Ogundipe.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50331388|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50331388/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64748489|Donald Efiong Udo Ekong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/84158185823020062190 84158185823020062190]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64748489|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64748489/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43267916|Susan A. Bourne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-2843 0000-0002-2491-2843]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OlFQMW4AAAAJ OlFQMW4AAAAJ]
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43267916|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43267916/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q93006646|Yonghui Song]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-8382 0000-0003-4250-8382]
|
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q93006646|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q93006646/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72678715|Awadh S. Mawenya]]''
|
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72678715|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72678715/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69507042|Leslie Felicia Petrik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16529590|environmental scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2049-1551 0000-0002-2049-1551]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ebwaE-kAAAAJ ebwaE-kAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/21941271 21941271]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69507042|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69507042/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Ijeoma Uchegbu]]
| ''[[:d:Q105570105|pharmaceutical scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15143191|science communicator]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9586-6867 0000-0001-9586-6867]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Fx0BrQwAAAAJ Fx0BrQwAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/56161724 56161724]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Ijeoma Uchegbu at the Oxford Union Science Debate 2018.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51629999|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51629999/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72679187|Raoelina Andriambololona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rupM6_0AAAAJ rupM6_0AAAAJ]
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72679187|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72679187/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43124716|Ikeoluwapo Ajayi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-8746 0000-0001-7719-8746]
|
|
| 2020
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43124716|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43124716/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q73256403|Isoken Igbinosa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30093119|senior researcher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-5695 0000-0003-4469-5695]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VLWxZYMAAAAJ VLWxZYMAAAAJ]
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73256403|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73256403/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53217125|Alfred Amambua-Ngwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4478-3601 0000-0003-4478-3601]
|
|
| 2023
| [[Fáìlì:Alfred Amambua-Ngwa.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53217125|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53217125/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72391850|Hippolyte L. Fofack]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/55384499 55384499]
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72391850|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72391850/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Mohamed Thameur Chaibi]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-6901 0000-0003-4086-6901]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wUbMlDsAAAAJ wUbMlDsAAAAJ]
|
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392056|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392056/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72392237|Demel Teketay Fanta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21244999|forestry scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6716-6975 0000-0002-6716-6975]
|
|
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392237|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392237/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72392899|Gaston M. N'gurekata]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392899|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392899/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21933512|Friday E. Okonofua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13638192|obstetrician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-2606 0000-0002-8777-2606]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lWa_57sAAAAJ lWa_57sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/31975441 31975441]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/46200996 46200996]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21933512|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21933512/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Rajaona Andriamananjara]]
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/77907530 77907530]
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72393574|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72393574/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Babalola Chinedum Peace]]
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-8032 0000-0001-9173-8032]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lvw32FsAAAAJ Lvw32FsAAAAJ]
|
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:Professor Babalola Chinedum Peace.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21934164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21934164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72393916|George Albert Magoha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72393916|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72393916/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135685060|Bolanle Otegbayo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12304425|food scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8672-1479 0000-0002-8672-1479]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=XC4aXDwAAAAJ XC4aXDwAAAAJ]
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135685060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135685060/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72394455|Elly N. Sabiiti]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72394455|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72394455/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70376235|Carolyn Williamson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3pcRNQYAAAAJ 3pcRNQYAAAAJ]
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70376235|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70376235/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q454139|Meave Leakey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21272406|paleoanthropologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16063497|evolutionary biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/17245618 17245618]
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:Meave Leakey at Toulouse City Hall - 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q454139|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q454139/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71530005|A. Lemma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1986
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71530005|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71530005/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72395508|Stephen Gaya Agong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/187713604 187713604]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/7154500130539091587 7154500130539091587]
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72395508|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72395508/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70377150|Lynn Morris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-8415 0000-0002-1836-8415]<br/>[https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-7828 0000-0003-3961-7828]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=atnn-0AAAAAJ atnn-0AAAAAJ]
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377150|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377150/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70377474|Alinah Kelo Segobye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1055894|deputy]]''<br/>[[Ààrẹ]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/274306537 274306537]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377474|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377474/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70954705|Stephen E. Mshana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-6271 0000-0002-7526-6271]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70954705|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70954705/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Driss Bensari]]
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2145910126827022051 2145910126827022051]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/22427215 22427215]
| 1987
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115647655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115647655/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70378516|Crain Arthur Soudien]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231865|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9934-6532 0000-0002-9934-6532]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/61677562 61677562]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70378516|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70378516/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5213742|Dan J. Stein]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810 0000-0001-7218-7810]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LOHkEw8AAAAJ LOHkEw8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/39468370 39468370]
| 2023
| [[Fáìlì:Dan-Stein-20130904.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742|29]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89120726|Nagwa El-Badri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4915128|biomedical scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-611X 0000-0002-1965-611X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1817148997631359870006 1817148997631359870006]
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89120726|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89120726/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17612495|Quarraisha Karim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0985-477X 0000-0002-0985-477X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ARaZ9-MAAAAJ ARaZ9-MAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24336962 24336962]
| 2011
| [[Fáìlì:Quarraisha Abdool Karim.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71388303|John Nkoma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/22156312335502080256 22156312335502080256]
| 1986
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71388303|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71388303/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71100029|Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/54152682509123311242 54152682509123311242]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71100029|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71100029/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q168517|Ismail Serageldin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q182436|librarian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-4931 0000-0002-4090-4931]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/95308382 95308382]
| 2006
| [[Fáìlì:Ismaïl Serageldin, 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q168517|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q168517/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72542074|Vincent P. K. Titanji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7204-8562 0000-0001-7204-8562]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/14165809347258971900 14165809347258971900]
| 2005
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542074|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542074/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72542276|Abdelaziz Daoud]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xpAeECIAAAAJ xpAeECIAAAAJ]
|
| 2005
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542276|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542276/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72542478|Shem Oyoo Wandiga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2005
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542478|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542478/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Tarek Sobh]]
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-9990 0000-0001-7141-9990]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nJtI9x0AAAAJ nJtI9x0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/33866956 33866956]
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42411151|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42411151/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72542674|Samuel Yeboah Mensah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2004
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542674|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542674/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71533626|Ibrahim Abdel-Razag Eltayeb]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-1483 0000-0001-7909-1483]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ycFW4t8AAAAJ ycFW4t8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/85197286 85197286]
| 1986
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71533626|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71533626/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102311298|James J. Cochran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-8909 0000-0002-8632-8909]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_zYYctQAAAAJ _zYYctQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1742159474071627660455 1742159474071627660455]
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102311298|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102311298/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q239105|Graça Machel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q37226|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8359428|social activist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/75572506 75572506]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Graça Machel.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q239105|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q239105/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72613368|Jean Nya-Ngatchou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72613368|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72613368/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43780295|Chibuike C. Udenigwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8802-7707 0000-0001-8802-7707]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/73166596749217591273 73166596749217591273]
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43780295|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43780295/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Winston Wole Soboyejo]]
| ''[[:d:Q10497074|military flight engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
|
|
|
| 2016
| [[Fáìlì:Winston Soboyejo.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8026145|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8026145/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98565719|Adekunle A. Bakare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9829-1587 0000-0001-9829-1587]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98565719|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98565719/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48106268|Isaac Luginaah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7858-3048 0000-0001-7858-3048]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vmFa_KYAAAAJ vmFa_KYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/106808643 106808643]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48106268|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48106268/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5720588|Heneri Dzinotyiweyi]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/94688028 94688028]
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5720588|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5720588/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Thomas Adeoye Lambo]]
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51762100 51762100]
| 1985
| [[Fáìlì:Professor Thomas Lambo, Psychiatrist and Deputy Director-General of the World Health Organisation (WHO) on the 28th of November, 1997.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3990566|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3990566/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61083095|Yahya E Choonara]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3889-1529 0000-0002-3889-1529]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CjSwcTAAAAAJ CjSwcTAAAAAJ]
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61083095|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61083095/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43927578|Eleni Aklillu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-0790 0000-0002-9788-0790]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/731153775038961550002 731153775038961550002]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43927578|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43927578/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57624095|Said Kenai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57624095|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57624095/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55174838|Lars Hviid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-4927 0000-0002-1698-4927]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/31781439 31781439]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55174838|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55174838/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Jubril Aminu|Jibril Aminu]]
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q193391|diplomat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3264451|cardiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/72930256 72930256]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6301957|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6301957/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Catherine Falade]]
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-6033 0000-0003-4755-6033]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/316552768 316552768]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55176086|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55176086/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70602296|David Olaleye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=prVk8WkAAAAJ prVk8WkAAAAJ]
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70602296|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70602296/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72044358|Bonaventure Tchaleu Ngadjui]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72044358|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72044358/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69449514|Mary Scholes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60244908|plant physiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5762-9537 0000-0001-5762-9537]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qNlkIIMAAAAJ qNlkIIMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/177145857889223021078 177145857889223021078]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65557356|Romain Lucas Glèlè Kakaï]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q61791734|biomathematician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10272925|agricultural engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6965-4331 0000-0002-6965-4331]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=FwpDoXMAAAAJ FwpDoXMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2001159234129003370886 2001159234129003370886]
| 2023
| [[Fáìlì:Photo Prof Glèlè Kakaï.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65557356|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65557356/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70170830|Andrew Anthony Adjei]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=YZ2luxAAAAAJ YZ2luxAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/317185588 317185588]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70170830|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70170830/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71756807|Pieter Streicher Steyn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71756807|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71756807/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71036026|Mohamed Iqbal Parker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71036026|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71036026/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69450361|Janice Limson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/289624965 289624965]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69450361|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69450361/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71757817|Kevin Urama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71757817|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71757817/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277673|Mahdi Elmandjra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58968|intellectual]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/97018254 97018254]
| 1985
| [[Fáìlì:Elmandjra.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3277673|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3277673/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71758427|Felix S. Toteu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11424604|earth scientist]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71758427|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71758427/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55323668|Melodie McGeoch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-2241 0000-0003-3388-2241]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=mawTsz4AAAAJ mawTsz4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/103515359 103515359]
| 2021
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55323668|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55323668/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Ahmed Zewail]]
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q205375|inventor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DFhJDHYAAAAJ DFhJDHYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/95254701 95254701]
| 2001
| [[Fáìlì:Ahmed Zewail HD2009 Othmer Gold Medal portrait.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q106624|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q106624/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6450337|Kwesi Akwansah Andam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/93784088 93784088]
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6450337|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6450337/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38601327|Lewis R. Roberts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30086937|cancer researcher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7885-8574 0000-0001-7885-8574]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38601327|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38601327/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69742049|Sellama Nadifi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-1506 0000-0002-4272-1506]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1605159234656803372307 1605159234656803372307]
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69742049|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69742049/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Mary Abukutsa-Onyango]]
| ''[[:d:Q3140857|horticulturist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4693-3637 0000-0002-4693-3637]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jCVOGb4AAAAJ jCVOGb4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/186968571 186968571]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Prof. Mary Abukutsa-Onyango in 2010.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26923625|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26923625/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32978880|Ebenezer Laing]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/92014961 92014961]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32978880|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32978880/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71039832|Ghirmai Negash]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17167049|literary scholar]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/264042026 264042026]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71039832|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71039832/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7172546|Peter Anyang' Nyong'o]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/41874140 41874140]
| 1986
| [[Fáìlì:Kisumu Governor Anyang Nyong'o giving speech.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7172546|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7172546/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Eunice Sahle]]
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/43656172 43656172]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71040152|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71040152/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70607931|Nicholas Biekpe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70607931|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70607931/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56046785|Ahmed Hassan Fahal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4922-7321 0000-0003-4922-7321]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=P0kUeP0AAAAJ P0kUeP0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/32146331908718691841 32146331908718691841]
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56046785|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56046785/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71041270|Desta Mebratu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041270|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041270/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42784019|Kevin J. Naidoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-3708 0000-0002-9898-3708]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/65994373 65994373]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58066090|Asfawossen Asrat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6312-8082 0000-0002-6312-8082]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/179145304390078570215 179145304390078570215]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066090|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066090/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57777886|Michael Meadows]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2560911|physical geographer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q333634|translator]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-3055 0000-0001-8322-3055]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=EufqPQMAAAAJ EufqPQMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/78996 78996]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57777886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57777886/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71041558|Nigel Charles Bennett]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041558|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041558/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58066291|Harald Winkler]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-4071 0000-0002-5826-4071]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/292276827 292276827]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066291|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066291/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72195032|Frederick Alfred Ochieng Otieno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72195032|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72195032/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q88342374|Hai Nian]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-2045 0000-0003-0227-2045]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88342374|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88342374/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70321252|Abdel-Aziz El-Shemy Hany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70321252|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70321252/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21448010|Tebello Nyokong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1162163|olùdarí]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-9926 0000-0002-4590-9926]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QUpAXHcAAAAJ QUpAXHcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6031160486121605180005 6031160486121605180005]
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131161416|Tamer Elbatt]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1081-9576 0000-0002-1081-9576]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q131161416|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q131161416/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q832747|Monty Jones]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]
|
|
|
| 2005
| [[Fáìlì:Monty Jones visits AfricaRice.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q832747|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q832747/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61816890|Lisa C du Toit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-6338 0000-0002-2042-6338]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZziyYnsAAAAJ ZziyYnsAAAAJ]
|
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61816890|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61816890/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141642|Lateef Sanni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3363-6091 0000-0003-3363-6091]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Q3H6FEMAAAAJ Q3H6FEMAAAAJ]
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69890719|Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3147-245X 0000-0003-3147-245X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=no7Uv1sAAAAJ no7Uv1sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/313558533 313558533]
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69890719|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69890719/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46535610|Koleka Mlisana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8436-3268 0000-0002-8436-3268]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BLs8bcIAAAAJ BLs8bcIAAAAJ]
|
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46535610|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46535610/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4726678|Alimuddin Zumla]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-5735 0000-0002-5111-5735]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4_DvHm0AAAAJ 4_DvHm0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/41995147 41995147]
| 2016
| [[Fáìlì:Prof Alimuddin Zumla 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4726678|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4726678/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745901|Mamokgethi Phakeng]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-0403 0000-0002-8911-0403]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/21621571 21621571]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Mamokgethi Phakeng - Kgethi.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6745901|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6745901/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q67874262|Abdisalan M. Noor]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bBYdXc8AAAAJ bBYdXc8AAAAJ]
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q67874262|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q67874262/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135778377|Najet Srairi-Abid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1296-0909 0000-0003-1296-0909]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=7oT6L8IAAAAJ 7oT6L8IAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/726160483742104991077 726160483742104991077]
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778377|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778377/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135778406|Hanadi G. Salem]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21002332|materials engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3455-1658 0000-0002-3455-1658]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=I7k0_tcAAAAJ I7k0_tcAAAAJ]
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778406|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778406/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135778448|Mmantsae Diale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-6688 0000-0002-6035-6688]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lcfMNb8AAAAJ lcfMNb8AAAAJ]
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778448|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778448/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Reneé Anne Street]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=d1D0sQcAAAAJ d1D0sQcAAAAJ]
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778620|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778620/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100168902|Sileshi Gudeta Weldesemayat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100168902|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100168902/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Mohamed Hag Ali Hassan]]
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2nelb8UAAAAJ 2nelb8UAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/66532716 66532716]
| 1985
| [[Fáìlì:Mohamed H.A. Hassan.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6891212|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6891212/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3575692|Zohra Ben Lakhdar Akrout]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/66772213 66772213]
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3575692|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3575692/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70615870|Evance Kalula]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2299-3093 0000-0003-2299-3093]
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70615870|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70615870/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Olugbemiro Jegede]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231865|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2994387|adviser]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q599151|official]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69895161|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69895161/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Mahmoud Abdel-Aty]]
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q29169143|data scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8841-3165 0000-0001-8841-3165]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gTzyb78AAAAJ gTzyb78AAAAJ]
|
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:Mahmoud Abdel-Aty 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59515097|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59515097/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7037244|Nils Christian Stenseth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16831394|mammalogist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1591-5399 0000-0002-1591-5399]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GILt45oAAAAJ GILt45oAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/23633896 23633896]
| 2024
| [[Fáìlì:Nils Christian Stenseth 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7037244|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7037244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26211942|Catherine Odora Hoppers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-7371 0000-0001-5324-7371]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qWEKG-QAAAAJ qWEKG-QAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/23844553 23844553]
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:Catherine Odora-Hoppers in 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26211942|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26211942/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72202313|Samuel N.C. Okonkwo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126368762|agricultural scientist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/78353836 78353836]
| 2011
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202313|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202313/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70616668|Kwadwo Ansah Koram]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4274-6516 0000-0003-4274-6516]
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70616668|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70616668/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72202604|Joseph Obua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202604|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202604/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5019535|Calestous Juma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/71462064 71462064]
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019535|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019535/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Fakiha Heakal]]
| ''[[:d:Q16744668|physical chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4398-6194 0000-0002-4398-6194]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KC_2T8oAAAAJ KC_2T8oAAAAJ]
|
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133042898|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133042898/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133043195|Rose Osuji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-2490 0000-0002-0713-2490]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=-zmTOcYAAAAJ -zmTOcYAAAAJ]
|
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133043195|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133043195/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71050174|Zeblon Vilakazi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16742096|nuclear physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/41574105 41574105]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71050174|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71050174/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133043441|Susan J. Elliott]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-1116 0000-0001-5514-1116]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HdTGYhoAAAAJ HdTGYhoAAAAJ]
|
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133043441|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133043441/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70906872|Jonah Ratsimbazafy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-0476 0000-0002-7629-0476]
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70906872|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70906872/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Pius N. Okeke]]
| ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ApO-U6cAAAAJ ApO-U6cAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/271139961 271139961]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:PROF. PN OKEKE AS PROF. EMERITUS- 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618710|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618710/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61103748|Yuping Wu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-1205 0000-0002-0833-1205]
|
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61103748|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61103748/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70618973|Paul-Kingsley Buah-Bassuah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-2691 0000-0001-9831-2691]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jNVeQjMAAAAJ jNVeQjMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/30150380436513370888 30150380436513370888]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618973|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618973/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72204932|Seth Kofi Akyea Danso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72204932|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72204932/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70622164|Philip Nyeko]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70622164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70622164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136796349|Davie M. Kadyampakeni]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-8190 0000-0002-5034-8190]
|
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136796349|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136796349/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57648099|Lydia Roos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-9983 0000-0001-7151-9983]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/202134484 202134484]
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57648099|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57648099/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71776876|Muchie Mammo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105572010|political economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18805|naturalist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4877592 4877592]
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71776876|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71776876/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136798885|Ahmed ElSayed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136798885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136798885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136798912|Ene I. Ette]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3227-0454 0000-0003-3227-0454]
|
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136798912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136798912/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q73508371|Nicki Tiffin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-2735 0000-0001-5083-2735]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5ksS5OgAAAAJ 5ksS5OgAAAAJ]
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73508371|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73508371/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136799528|Ademola Adelowo Adenle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-7073 0000-0002-9429-7073]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/56148570593024311615 56148570593024311615]
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136799528|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136799528/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136799545|Nicholas Ozor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136799545|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136799545/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28817248|Francisca Mutapi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-3466 0000-0002-2537-3466]
|
|
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28817248|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28817248/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20022984|Ameenah Gurib-Fakim]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=j6mTvfcAAAAJ j6mTvfcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51808329 51808329]
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:Ameenah Gurib-Fakim.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20022984|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20022984/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56786682|Bassirou Bonfoh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-8202 0000-0003-4190-8202]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=n0jAxlEAAAAJ n0jAxlEAAAAJ]
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56786682|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56786682/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70915482|Kojo Mensa-Wilmot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70915482|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70915482/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Archie Mafẹje]]
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/14782628 14782628]
| 1986
| [[Fáìlì:Archie Mafeje in Cape Town, August 1961 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59526425|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59526425/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86919309|Chidi Oguamanam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=d6kPDLMAAAAJ d6kPDLMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/16659891 16659891]
| 2024
| [[Fáìlì:Chidi Oguamanam - 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86919309|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86919309/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78701944|Dumitru Baleanu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16742096|nuclear physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0286-7244 0000-0002-0286-7244]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=EFO9iO4AAAAJ EFO9iO4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/317140919 317140919]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78701944|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78701944/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70917210|Emmanuel Kasimbazi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-6740 0000-0002-6770-6740]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/276472921 276472921]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70917210|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70917210/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86776456|Laila Mandi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4874-8531 0000-0002-4874-8531]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86776456|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86776456/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72588460|Mohamed Osman Khidir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72588460|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72588460/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50242187|Martin Mwangi Thuo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-8027 0000-0003-3448-8027]
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50242187|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50242187/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56441710|Tolu Oni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4499-1910 0000-0003-4499-1910]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=oMBCh6QAAAAJ oMBCh6QAAAAJ]
|
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Tolu Oni at World Economic Forum.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56441710|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56441710/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92052093|Fathiya Khamis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-9525 0000-0002-9593-9525]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=c8zsN9oAAAAJ c8zsN9oAAAAJ]
|
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92052093|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92052093/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102144105|Luc S Djogbenou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107292086|medical entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-6321 0000-0002-7381-6321]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/214361553 214361553]
| 2020
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102144105|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102144105/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70426777|Jean Nachega]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-4443 0000-0002-2862-4443]
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70426777|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70426777/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Christopher Magadza]]
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wCXwlXMAAAAJ wCXwlXMAAAAJ]
|
| 1985
| [[Fáìlì:Christopher Magadza.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74175287|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74175287/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72301483|Raphael Munavu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zhsL4tcAAAAJ zhsL4tcAAAAJ]
|
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72301483|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72301483/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74176044|Moctar Toure]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/106583276 106583276]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74176044|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74176044/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42314586|Nicola Mulder]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15709480|computational biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-0941 0000-0003-4905-0941]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/70810268 70810268]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Nicola Mulder 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42314586|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42314586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47504896|Blandina Theophil Mmbaga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-1916 0000-0002-5550-1916]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LaPZzyQAAAAJ LaPZzyQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/304202652 304202652]
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47504896|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47504896/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74176344|Victor Doulou]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/45884414 45884414]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74176344|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74176344/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71725525|Ermias Dagne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71725525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71725525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70716519|Tumani Prince Corrah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70716519|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70716519/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71725866|Hafida Merzouk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5081-3358 0000-0001-5081-3358]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4_tTZOoAAAAJ 4_tTZOoAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/449149719127711130009 449149719127711130009]
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71725866|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71725866/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70428930|Youba Sokona]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6FYIdSQAAAAJ 6FYIdSQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/115321035 115321035]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Youba Sokona cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70428930|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70428930/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74177459|Yahyia Abdel Mageed]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74177459|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74177459/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70717390|Olukayode Oladipo Amund]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=i3EyYBMAAAAJ i3EyYBMAAAAJ]
|
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717390|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717390/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70717704|Hilary Inyang]]''
|
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aCoXJPEAAAAJ aCoXJPEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/85776830 85776830]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717704|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717704/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72591994|Shem Arungu-Olende]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72591994|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72591994/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72592116|Eugene O Ogunba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72592116|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72592116/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74178446|Fred Wangati]]''
|
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74178446|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74178446/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72592578|Dharam Pal Ghai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72592578|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72592578/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75043478|Matthew Olusoji Ilori]]''
| ''[[:d:Q414528|academician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1675-0047 0000-0002-1675-0047]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Tf4RNV4AAAAJ Tf4RNV4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/30157412214616050053 30157412214616050053]
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043478|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043478/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71727708|Timothy U. Obi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71727708|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71727708/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69997799|Kamal Batanouny]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/94817139 94817139]
| 2004
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69997799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69997799/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72593060|Stephen M. Lawani]]''
|
|
|
|
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72593060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72593060/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6707655|Lydia Makhubu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/105941756 105941756]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/194098050 194098050]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/30911288 30911288]
| 1986
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6707655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6707655/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Charles Rotimi]]
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-053X 0000-0001-5759-053X]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24361648 24361648]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Charles Rotimi in NHGRI's Oral History Collection.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57888622|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57888622/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71440897|Wentzel Christoffel Andreas Gelderblom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71440897|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71440897/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57889447|Shane A Norris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-3788 0000-0001-7124-3788]
|
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889447|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889447/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70720643|Mike Wingfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-2009 0000-0001-9346-2009]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wT4V7isAAAAJ wT4V7isAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/14989035 14989035]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/22155914471039401883 22155914471039401883]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7285945|Rajeev Kumar Varshney]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4562-9131 0000-0002-4562-9131]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Kdmxy8EAAAAJ Kdmxy8EAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/12590879 12590879]
| 2020
| [[Fáìlì:Rajeev kumar varshney (reupload).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7285945|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7285945/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70576616|Oluyede Ajayi]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/8276263 8276263]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70576616|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70576616/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58754845|Thomas Kariuki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/53407323 53407323]
| 2009
| [[Fáìlì:Thomas Kariuki.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58754845|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58754845/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70721384|Jacek Banasiak]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-0774 0000-0003-3381-0774]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NNmEQjQAAAAJ NNmEQjQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51985030 51985030]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70721384|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70721384/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72595668|Crossley C. Mjojo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72595668|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72595668/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1952473|Thumbi Ndung'u]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-3992 0000-0003-2962-3992]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306421897 306421897]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1952473|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1952473/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16946442|Hamet Seydi]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/27146029650535822620 27146029650535822620]
| 1987
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946442|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946442/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Hamidou Toure]]
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/198994396 198994396]
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946444|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946444/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65964562|David Dodoo-Arhin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-2489 0000-0002-9657-2489]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=L7KmQ14AAAAJ L7KmQ14AAAAJ]
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65964562|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65964562/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57026179|Ali A Hebeish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3387-5228 0000-0003-3387-5228]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aLF_irsAAAAJ aLF_irsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/113370541 113370541]
| 1988
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57026179|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57026179/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70722412|Solomon Nwaka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7177-5290 0000-0001-7177-5290]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1415163813714139110007 1415163813714139110007]
| 2016
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70722412|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70722412/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4693015|Agnes Binagwaho]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-3151 0000-0002-6779-3151]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/277691947 277691947]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Dr. Agnes Binagwaho.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4693015|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4693015/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70578789|Sam Kariuki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70578789|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70578789/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28913759|Abdoulaye A. Djimde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-2283 0000-0003-0062-2283]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Bo9WHSAAAAAJ Bo9WHSAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/35153061219519200437 35153061219519200437]
| 2016
| [[Fáìlì:Abdoulaye Djimde.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913759|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913759/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28913762|Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0412-8733 0000-0003-0412-8733]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=J36LQBgAAAAJ J36LQBgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2333147665812160670008 2333147665812160670008]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913762|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913762/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28913763|Alexis Nzila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-7063 0000-0002-0148-7063]
|
|
| 2009
| [[Fáìlì:Alexis Nzila.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913763|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913763/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52701989|Robin M Crewe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-8250 0000-0003-4398-8250]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/172379736 172379736]
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52701989|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52701989/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71444596|Ahmed Faheem Zobaa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71444596|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71444596/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Wọlé Sóyinká|Wole Soyinka]]
| ''[[:d:Q214917|playwright]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q49757|poet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q333634|translator]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11774202|essayist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/105939176 105939176]
| 1991
| [[Fáìlì:WoleSoyinka2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41488|77]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41488/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6712712|M. Jamal Deen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-0933 0000-0002-6390-0933]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=c8qsopcAAAAJ c8qsopcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/55921219 55921219]
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6712712|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6712712/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60489118|Elizabeth Bukusi]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2031-2808 0000-0002-2031-2808]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/12079824 12079824]
| 2014
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60489118|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60489118/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30069554|John G. Hildebrand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|neuroscientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16831721|ethologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2055046|physiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30069554|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30069554/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4695660|Ahmadou Lamine Ndiaye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202883|veterinarian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
|
| 1999
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4695660|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4695660/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Desmond Tutu]]
| ''[[:d:Q3409375|Anglican priest]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1476215|human rights defender]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15980158|non-fiction writer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98833883|Protestant theologian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q49476|archbishop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11499147|political activist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137178813|protestantischer Geistlicher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2259532|cleric]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4942398 4942398]
| 1991
| [[Fáìlì:Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43033|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43033/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q87305323|Anis Allagui]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-9158 0000-0001-6044-9158]
|
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87305323|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87305323/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89468685|Wael Mamdouh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-1992 0000-0003-0642-1992]
|
|
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89468685|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89468685/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83990352|A-S F Obada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5862-7365 0000-0001-5862-7365]
|
|
| 2001
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83990352|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83990352/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72601343|Charles O. Nwachuku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72601343|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72601343/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124646921|Michael R. Templeton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1097-4805 0000-0003-1097-4805]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=I8V8rv8AAAAJ I8V8rv8AAAAJ]
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q124646921|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q124646921/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42181924|Viness Pillay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8119-3347 0000-0002-8119-3347]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RSfUGncAAAAJ RSfUGncAAAAJ]
|
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42181924|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42181924/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72602116|Jacob Assam Ayuk-Takem]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]
|
|
|
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602116|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602116/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72602593|Thomas Silou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602593|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602593/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47805453|Catherine Kyobutungi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-5631 0000-0002-5344-5631]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lFQmAFgAAAAJ lFQmAFgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/15908070 15908070]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Catherine Kyobutungi by Billy Miaron 3-4 view (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47805453|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47805453/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72602959|Stephen K. Chandiwana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602959|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602959/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71882431|Collen Masimirembwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306128234 306128234]
| 2012
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71882431|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71882431/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72603817|Eugene Robert Terry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1990
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72603817|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72603817/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65683788|Thokozani Majozi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q71368126|process engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0864-2393 0000-0003-0864-2393]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hIbgAsMAAAAJ hIbgAsMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/120534056 120534056]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65683788|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65683788/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35985013|Sekazi Mtingwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1754150688322812660002 1754150688322812660002]
| 2023
| [[Fáìlì:Sekazi Mtingwa at the 2012 Ford Fellows Conference.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q35985013|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q35985013/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70585898|Yinsuo Jia]]''
|
|
|
|
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70585898|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70585898/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47807126|Eric Y. Tenkorang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-3799 0000-0001-6127-3799]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/281743522 281743522]
| 2024
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47807126|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47807126/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57467135|Chedly Abdelly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-1130 0000-0003-2249-1130]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/207239439 207239439]
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57467135|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57467135/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57899756|Eugenie Kayitesi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-763X 0000-0002-1808-763X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HpMhv10AAAAJ HpMhv10AAAAJ]
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57899756|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57899756/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72605787|Soodursun Jugessur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1989
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72605787|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72605787/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112541021|Pádraig Risteard Carmody]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-703X 0000-0001-8699-703X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ifK-1CIAAAAJ ifK-1CIAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/48865742 48865742]
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q112541021|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q112541021/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q88176339|Dora Mbanya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7705-8081 0000-0001-7705-8081]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/16145602337101360276 16145602337101360276]
| 2020
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88176339|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88176339/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72606039|Olusegun O. Dipeolu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1989
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606039|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606039/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72606263|Samba Diallo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1989
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606263|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606263/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72606389|Turner T. Isoun]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
|
|
|
| 1989
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606389|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606389/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89907168|Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8179-437X 0000-0002-8179-437X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=YkQjnu4AAAAJ YkQjnu4AAAAJ]
|
| 2019
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89907168|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89907168/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20562459|Samuel Akindiji Ilori]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
|
| 2009
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562459|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562459/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20562706|Shiferaw Berhanu]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/58501730 58501730]
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72608303|E. Evans-Anfomie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72608303|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72608303/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20563361|Timoleon Crepin Kofane]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TH3a8EAAAAAJ TH3a8EAAAAAJ]
|
| 2006
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20563361|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20563361/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41900805|Oluwatoyin A. Odeku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105186|pharmacist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16515647|mentor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-1304 0000-0002-0732-1304]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ti-T_nsAAAAJ Ti-T_nsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/302282669 302282669]
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41900805|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41900805/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38296739|Kunle Odunsi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=UvBdM1wAAAAJ UvBdM1wAAAAJ]
|
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38296739|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38296739/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2831487|Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q193391|diplomat]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/76379288 76379288]
| 1985
| [[Fáìlì:Ratsimamanga in China in 1972.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2831487|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2831487/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60788253|Brian K. Arbic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7969-2294 0000-0002-7969-2294]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vFR7XYIAAAAJ vFR7XYIAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/78165747135653931866 78165747135653931866]
| 2023
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60788253|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60788253/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22006961|Valerie Mizrahi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-9115 0000-0003-4824-9115]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/8150380426913370197 8150380426913370197]
| 2015
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30224861|Philippe Rasoanaivo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224861|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224861/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30224885|Maurice Tchuenté]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/35981192 35981192]
| 2013
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30224903|Akissa Bahri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10272925|agricultural engineer]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PDE-nSkAAAAJ PDE-nSkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/34099834 34099834]
| 2006
| [[Fáìlì:Akissa Bahri - Sustainable Development Goal 6 - Panel 2018.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224903|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224903/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72611028|L. K. Shayo]]''
| [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/33405541 33405541]
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72611028|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72611028/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30225478|Nabila Bouatia-Naji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-2134 0000-0001-5424-2134]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/198851534 198851534]
| 2018
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30225478|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30225478/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Godwin Obasi]]
| ''[[:d:Q2310145|meteorologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6745152381794201950007 6745152381794201950007]
| 1995
| [[Fáìlì:Godwin Olu Patrick Obasi.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17106223|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17106223/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72611823|Itai Chiri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 1985
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72611823|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72611823/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56753367|Stella Ifeanyi Smith]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-1189 0000-0003-2163-1189]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=szjhfkcAAAAJ szjhfkcAAAAJ]
|
| 2022
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753367|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753367/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70593706|Effiom Edem Antia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
| 2017
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70593706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70593706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20710976|Segenet Kelemu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ePmAUaEAAAAJ ePmAUaEAAAAJ]
|
| 2013
| [[Fáìlì:Segenet Kelemu 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20710976|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20710976/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
db96bix15tqk18nisr6ivmzqtavwvfs
Oníṣe:GerardM/Nigerian universities et al
2
68367
622444
622159
2026-06-16T10:20:12Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622444
wikitext
text/x-wiki
The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q1033 Scholia for Nigeria]
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
?number_of_authors
?number_of_works
?item
(REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid)
(CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "/missing|📖]]") AS ?scholia)
WITH {
SELECT
?item
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
WHERE {
?item wdt:P17 wd:Q1033 .
?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
?work wdt:P50 ?author .
}
GROUP BY ?item
} AS %results
WHERE {
INCLUDE %results
SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh". }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia
|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| [[Yunifásítì ìlú Ìbàdàn]]
| 34
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1169487|207]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1169487/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì ìlú Èkó]]
| 16
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1782980|178]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1782980/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà]]
| 13
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q927304|73]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q927304/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21015871|Nigerian Academy of Science]]''
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21015871|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21015871/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì Báyéró]]
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3511498|34]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3511498/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì ìlú Ilorin]]
| 7
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895546|18]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895546/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6345764|Kaduna State University]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6345764|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6345764/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Obafemi Awolowo University|Yunifásítì Ọbáfẹ́mi Awólọ́wọ̀]]
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2008672|22]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2008672/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65058260|Nigerian Library Association]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65058260|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65058260/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì Àmọ́dù Béllò]]
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q401034|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q401034/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì ìlú Port Harcourt|Yunifásítì ìlú Ebute Harcourt]]
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5103051|42]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5103051/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì ìlú Benin]]
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1816069|13]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1816069/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì ìlú Màídúgùri]]
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509668|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509668/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1142738|International institute of tropical agriculture]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1142738|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1142738/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59536624|French Institute for Research in Africa]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q59536624|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q59536624/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì Nnamdi Azikiwe]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13140900|20]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13140900/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7032918|Nigerian Institute of International Affairs]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032918|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032918/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Redeemer's University Nigeria]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7305700|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7305700/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì Ìpínlẹ̀ Ábíá]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509319|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509319/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6966612|Nasarawa State University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6966612|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6966612/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6974165|National Library of Nigeria]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6974165|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6974165/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104844764|Librarians' Registration Council of Nigeria]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104844764|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104844764/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13140995|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13140995/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì ìlú Calabar]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509289|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509289/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì ìlú Abùjá]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509297|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509297/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4689777|African Groundnut Council]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4689777|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4689777/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì Koladaisi]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55394436|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55394436/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì Ìpínlẹ̀ Gòmbè]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5581122|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5581122/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6974654|National Open University of Nigeria]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6974654|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6974654/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta|Yunifasiti apapo ti Ogbin, Abeokuta]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895022|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895022/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19599670|College of Medicine, University of Ibadan]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19599670|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19599670/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásitì ìpínlè Kwara]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16734211|71]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16734211/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1951159|Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1951159|26]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1951159/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18207057|Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18207057|21]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18207057/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7984264|West African Pilot]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7984264|18]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7984264/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131935571|Rivers State College of Education]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q131935571|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q131935571/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7338307|Rivers State government]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7338307|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7338307/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100947155|University of Ibadan Faculty of Science]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100947155|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100947155/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Nigerian Television Authority]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3341382|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3341382/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5440356|Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440356|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440356/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104224086|Linguistic Association of Nigeria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224086|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224086/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106181847|Daily Trust]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q106181847|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q106181847/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6344671|Kachifo Limited]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6344671|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6344671/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6797236|Mayflower School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6797236|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6797236/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84557195|Polytechnic of Ibadan, Library]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q84557195|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q84557195/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Ile-iwe Girama Ibadan]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20065273|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20065273/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Federal University Kashere]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30260381|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30260381/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Daily Times]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5209383|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5209383/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Babcock University]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q653638|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q653638/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108884970|University of Nigeria, Nsukka library]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108884970|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108884970/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásitì Adekunle Ajasin|Yunifásítì ti Adekunle Ajasin]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4681526|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4681526/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5322769|Bingham University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5322769|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5322769/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7032755|Niger Delta University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032755|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032755/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7032906|Nigerian Federal Ministry of Information and Communications]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032906|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032906/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7988329|Western State]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7988329|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7988329/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86347000|Anambra State Library Board, central library]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q86347000|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q86347000/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105544769|Kano State Government]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q105544769|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q105544769/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107477946|College of Education, Warri]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q107477946|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q107477946/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123487943|Caverton Offshore Support Group]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q123487943|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q123487943/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì ìlú Jos]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1412551|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1412551/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25043045|Lagos State Government]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25043045|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25043045/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Ilé-ẹjọ́ àgbà|Ilé-ẹjọ́ Gígajùlọ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509369|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509369/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65084726|Nigerian Society of Engineers]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65084726|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65084726/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Nigerian Defence Academy|Akádẹ́mì àbò asà Nàìjíríà]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032895|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032895/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100943604|Ebonyi State University Faculty of Clinical Medicine]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100943604|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100943604/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100945302|Redeemer's University College of Natural Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945302|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945302/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100946962|Federal University of Technology Akure School of Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100946962|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100946962/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100947288|University of Jos Faculty of Natural Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100947288|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100947288/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q101546378|Niger state government]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101546378|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101546378/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104089551|Delta State University Teaching Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104089551|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104089551/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104224094|Jos Linguistic Circle]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224094|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224094/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104224385|National Institute for Nigerian Languages]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224385|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224385/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105081706|Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q105081706|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q105081706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106080093|Federal Department of Forest Research]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q106080093|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q106080093/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107478052|Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q107478052|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q107478052/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108885072|Nimbe Adedipe Library]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108885072|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108885072/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112252191|Anambra State College of Health Technology, Obosi]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q112252191|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q112252191/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117836812|University of Africa, Toru-Orua]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q117836812|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q117836812/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121159438|Nigeria environmental society]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q121159438|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q121159438/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125924402|Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125924402|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125924402/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1671299|Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1671299|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1671299/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Igbobi College]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16733645|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16733645/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Asiwaju City University]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16733761|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16733761/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Ajagun Ojúòfurufú Nàìjíríà]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1707397|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1707397/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18354916|Federal University, Birnin Kebbi]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18354916|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18354916/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Federal University, Gusau]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18354935|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18354935/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24254508|Edo State University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q24254508|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q24254508/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30254204|Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254204|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254204/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30282267|National Veterinary Research Institute]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30282267|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30282267/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4670504|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4670504/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4671154|Academic Staff Union of Universities]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4671154|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4671154/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì Ambrose Alli]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4741757|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4741757/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5440303|Federal Ministry of Health]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440303|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440303/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5440481|Federal University of Lafia]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440481|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440481/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì Tẹknọ́lọ́jì Àpapọ̀ ilú Àkúrẹ́]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440486|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440486/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Al-Qalam University|Al-Qalam University, Katsina]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6378037|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6378037/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6728391|Madonna University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6728391|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6728391/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6833225|Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6833225|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6833225/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6973410|National Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6973410|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6973410/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7032921|Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Asaba]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032921|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032921/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7060262|Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7060262|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7060262/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[The Guardian (Nigeria)]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7738431|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7738431/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7895014|Ekiti State University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895014|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895014/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Yunifásítì Usman Dan Fodio]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7902729|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7902729/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q93945846|Nigerian Union of Journalists]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q93945846|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q93945846/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96394946|National Centre for Women Development]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96394946|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96394946/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96576558|Classical Association of Nigeria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96576558|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96576558/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97356654|ECWA Theological Seminary]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q97356654|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q97356654/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98955788|Nigerian Army University Biu]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q98955788|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q98955788/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99285477|University of Nigeria - Enugu Campus]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99285477|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99285477/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99298825|Babcock University Benjamin Carson Senior School of Medicine]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298825|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298825/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99298839|Usmanu Danfodiyo University College of Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298839|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298839/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
nb0o8sctr3hkew5ops7d4hx66vmf9jr
Oníṣe:GerardM/South African universities et al
2
68371
622384
622116
2026-06-15T14:24:59Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622384
wikitext
text/x-wiki
The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q258 Scholia for South Africa]
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
?number_of_authors
?number_of_works
?item
(REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid)
(CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "/missing|📖]]") AS ?scholia)
WITH {
SELECT
?item
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
WHERE {
?item wdt:P17 wd:Q258 .
?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
?work wdt:P50 ?author .
}
GROUP BY ?item
} AS %results
WHERE {
INCLUDE %results
SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh". }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia
|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q951305|University of Cape Town]]''
| 98
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q951305|352]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q951305/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q534643|University of the Witwatersrand]]''
| 69
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q534643|130]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q534643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1066492|Stellenbosch University]]''
| 59
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1066492|256]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1066492/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q604444|University of Pretoria]]''
| 46
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q604444|78]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q604444/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q727516|University of KwaZulu-Natal]]''
| 31
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q727516|48]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q727516/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q377757|Rhodes University]]''
| 19
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q377757|26]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q377757/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[University of Johannesburg]]
| 17
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1972050|43]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1972050/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565733|South African Medical Research Council]]''
| 13
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565733|19]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565733/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q475700|University of the Western Cape]]''
| 12
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q475700|35]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q475700/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55641219|National Institute for Communicable Diseases]]''
| 11
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55641219|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55641219/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q677993|University of South Africa]]''
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q677993|25]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q677993/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2021166|University of Natal]]''
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2021166|22]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2021166/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1678733|University of the Free State]]''
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1678733|15]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1678733/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30296386|South African National Biodiversity Institute]]''
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296386|15]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296386/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1998811|North-West University]]''
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1998811|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1998811/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948158|Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948158|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948158/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17052573|National Health Laboratory Service]]''
| 7
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17052573|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17052573/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q746413|Elsevier]]''
| 7
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q746413|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q746413/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64846052|South African Young Academy of Science]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q64846052|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q64846052/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948390|University of Stellenbosch Faculty of Science]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948390|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948390/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q849145|Council for Scientific and Industrial Research]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q849145|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q849145/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2583379|Ditsong National Museum of Natural History]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2583379|22]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2583379/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1331614|Nelson Mandela University]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1331614|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1331614/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565708|South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565708|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565708/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39910516|University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q39910516|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q39910516/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q913972|Order of Friars Minor]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q913972|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q913972/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565742|South African National Bioinformatics Institute]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565742|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565742/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2005511|University of Fort Hare]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2005511|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2005511/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7374853|Royal Society of South Africa]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7374853|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7374853/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2496192|University of Zululand]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2496192|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2496192/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58819597|Extinction Rebellion]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q58819597|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q58819597/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99288077|University of Johannesburg Faculty of Management]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99288077|25]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99288077/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6102031|Iziko South African Museum]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6102031|16]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6102031/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2070244|FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2070244|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2070244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30296748|Claude Leon Foundation]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296748|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296748/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948525|University of Cape Town Faculty of Science]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948525|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1325813|Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1325813|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1325813/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565814|South African Weather Service]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565814|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565814/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948132|University of the Western Cape Faculty of Natural Science]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948132|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948132/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948358|University of the Witwatersrand School of Public Health]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948358|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948358/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1077277|Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1077277|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1077277/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q368400|Groote Schuur Hospital]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q368400|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q368400/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1139958|National Zoological Garden of South Africa]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1139958|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1139958/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30254244|Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254244|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30287338|Agricultural Research Council of South Africa]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30287338|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30287338/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5008758|CAPRISA]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5008758|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5008758/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5429065|Faculty of Science]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5429065|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5429065/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1147874|Tshwane University of Technology]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1147874|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1147874/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1860280|Vista University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1860280|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1860280/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30270484|South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30270484|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30270484/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30296412|Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296412|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296412/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4294670|Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4294670|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4294670/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43896712|Africa Health Research Institute]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q43896712|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q43896712/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4709352|Albany Museum]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4709352|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4709352/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5428977|University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428977|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428977/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99298942|University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298942|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298942/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137544|Bang-Bang Club]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137544|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137544/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18333536|Embassy of Sweden, Pretoria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18333536|294]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18333536/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1362732|South African Police Service]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1362732|19]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1362732/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18355381|Tygerberg Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18355381|15]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18355381/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5108862|Diocesan College]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5108862|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5108862/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q743611|Association for Progressive Communications]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q743611|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q743611/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1497583|St Augustine College of South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1497583|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1497583/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1211828|Die Burger]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1211828|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1211828/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1570993|IBSA Dialogue Forum]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1570993|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1570993/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948498|University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948498|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948498/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7611957|Steve Biko Academic Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7611957|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7611957/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100942503|University of Johannesburg Faculty of Science]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100942503|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100942503/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948537|University of Stellenbosch Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948537|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948537/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19460826|Cape Town High School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19460826|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19460826/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3129583|Helderberg College]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3129583|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3129583/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50035565|National Bioproducts Institute (South Africa)]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50035565|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50035565/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5086067|Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5086067|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5086067/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948408|University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Life Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948408|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948408/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108027478|South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108027478|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108027478/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108353496|South African National Parks]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108353496|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108353496/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q119778375|South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q119778375|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q119778375/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121069260|South African Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q121069260|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q121069260/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121078581|South African Genetics Society]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q121078581|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q121078581/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125308112|Association of Southern African Indexers and Bibliographers]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125308112|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125308112/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17090884|Sol Plaatje University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17090884|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17090884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17091770|South African Environmental Observation Network]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17091770|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17091770/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18559855|Wikimedia South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18559855|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18559855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21580706|Cybatar]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21580706|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21580706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2826172|African Institute for Mathematical Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2826172|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2826172/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30262094|Ubuntu Education Fund]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262094|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262094/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30265718|South African Association of Women Graduates]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30265718|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30265718/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q385450|Hugenote-Kollege]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q385450|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q385450/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47151902|KwaZulu-Natal Museum]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47151902|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47151902/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5264812|Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5264812|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5264812/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5423186|Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5423186|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5423186/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6024646|Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co-ordinating Committee]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6024646|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6024646/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q657155|The Sunday Times]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q657155|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q657155/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7303965|Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7303965|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7303965/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7569570|Southern Africa Association for the Advancement of Science]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7569570|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7569570/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100267052|Africa Institute of South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100267052|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100267052/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100943852|Wits University Donald Gordon Medical Centre]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100943852|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100943852/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100945341|University of Limpopo Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945341|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945341/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100945357|Stellenbosch University Faculty of Engineering]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945357|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945357/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948051|University of Johannesburg Faculty of Humanities]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948051|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948051/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948126|University of the Western Cape School of Public Health]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948126|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948126/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948147|Cape Peninsula University of Technology Faculty of Applied Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948147|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948147/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948350|University of the Witwatersrand School of Education]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948350|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948350/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948365|University of Witwatersrand Sociology of Work Unit]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948365|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948365/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948388|University of Stellenbosch Faculty of Agrisciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948388|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948388/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948398|University of Cape Town Department of Medicine]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948398|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948398/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948504|University of Pretoria Mammal Research Institute]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948504|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948504/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1054047|Central University of Technology, Free State]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1054047|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1054047/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117252774|Buffelskloof Herbarium]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q117252774|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q117252774/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1206693|Development Bank of Southern Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1206693|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1206693/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124540717|SADiLaR]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q124540717|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q124540717/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125736882|Jan Smuts House Library]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125736882|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125736882/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1364273|national park of South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1364273|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1364273/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1367885|Eskom]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1367885|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1367885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1419926|South African Broadcasting Corporation]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1419926|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1419926/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1465079|Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1465079|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1465079/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17060860|K-RITH]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17060860|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17060860/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17111389|Thobela FM]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17111389|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17111389/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q186192|Lithuanians]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q186192|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q186192/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q227807|South African Astronomical Observatory]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q227807|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q227807/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2399345|Vaal University of Technology]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2399345|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2399345/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25048766|CIVICUS]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25048766|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25048766/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25613931|IThemba LABS]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25613931|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25613931/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q263265|University of Transkei]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q263265|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q263265/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2685228|Armscor]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2685228|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2685228/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28003638|Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28003638|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28003638/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q289277|Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q289277|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q289277/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2929441|Technikon Witwatersrand]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2929441|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2929441/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30292279|TB HIV Care Association]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30292279|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30292279/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30294598|International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30294598|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30294598/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3135391|South African Military Academy]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3135391|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3135391/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42914025|Embassy of Japan in South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q42914025|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q42914025/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47486748|National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47486748|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47486748/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4940284|Bolus Herbarium]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4940284|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4940284/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q511491|Kalahari Meerkat Project]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q511491|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q511491/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5209386|Daily Voice]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5209386|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5209386/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5322327|e.tv]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5322327|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5322327/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5428988|University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Humanities]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428988|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428988/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55829926|Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55829926|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55829926/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58022405|Kimberley Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q58022405|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q58022405/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61930814|Smuts House Museum]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q61930814|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q61930814/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6794160|Daily Maverick]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6794160|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6794160/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565710|South African Institute of International Affairs]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565710|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565710/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8040081|Wynberg Girls' High School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q8040081|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q8040081/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q892543|University of Venda]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q892543|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q892543/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q926710|Durban University of Technology]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q926710|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q926710/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98140121|Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q98140121|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q98140121/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99286062|Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria Campus]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99286062|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99286062/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99286067|North-West University - Vaal Triangle Campus]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99286067|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99286067/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24451|Kruger National Park]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q24451|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q24451/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
7n8r8op27xjg8d0tfoncqsxp312sef3
Aṣọ Àdìrẹ
0
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622423
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2026-06-16T03:34:36Z
InternetArchiveBot
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Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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text/x-wiki
[[File:Adire2.JPG|thumb|A Nigerian woman wearing adire clothing]]
'''Aṣọ Àdìrẹ''' jẹ́ ọ̀kan pàtàkì lára àwọn aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ ilẹ̀ [[Yorùbá]]. Tọmọdé tàgbà ni ó ń wọ aṣọ àdìrẹ tí wọ́n ṣiṣẹ́ ọnà oríṣríṣi sí lára nílànà ìbílẹ̀, tí ó sì wà ní àwọ̀ oríṣríṣi sí.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire|author=Norma Wolff|title=Adire|website=Fashion History:Love to know|accessdate=25 December 2014|archive-date=31 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831015609/http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/adire-indigo-resist-dyed-cloth-from-yorubaland-nigeria/|title=Adire{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} – Indigo Resist Dyed Cloth From Yorubaland, Nigeria|website=Vam|location=United Kingdom|accessdate=25 December 2014|date=2013</ref>
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àṣà Yorùbá]]
64f7kcbkklh3v05j00u6zixdpwkglfw
Oníṣe:GerardM/Ghanese hospitals
2
69550
622401
622118
2026-06-15T18:22:32Z
ListeriaBot
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Wikidata list updated [V2]
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{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT ?item WHERE {
?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917;
wdt:P17 wd:Q117.
}
|section=
|sort=P131
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5061762|Central Regional Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|5.133201|-1.266|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7309070|Wa Regional Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|10.087306|-2.5215|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7309217|Regional hospitals of Ghana]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30279986|Holy Family Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64576107|sanatorium in Ghana]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64576134|Gold Coast Hospital, Accra]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64576135|Aburi sanatorium]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64576174|Colonial hospital, Accra]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64576176|District Hospital Akatsi]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|6.128802|0.798548|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64576181|Maamobi Polyclinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|5.59143|-0.19903|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107142333|Nyaho Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|5.618083|-0.186041|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107733791|Accra Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|5.56887|-0.185997|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Accra Medical Centre 8.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107734363|Police Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|5.568731|-0.181614|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Police Hospital 5.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110751910|Holy Family Teaching Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|7.618345|-1.933855|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894332|West Mamprusi District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894386|Karaga District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894436|Lawra Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115023837|St. Gregory's Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115907502|Abana hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116234577|Nanumba North District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|8.85797|0.05519|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118742058|Ellembelle District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118742112|Nsoatre District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118742175|Tafo Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118742475|Bunkpurugu-Nanton District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118742530|Jomoro District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118742839|Atwima mponua District hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118742947|Brong Ahafo Regional Psychiatric Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743033|Kintampo south District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743153|Manhyia Palace Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743166|St. Peter's Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|6.349471|-1.673681|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743267|Nkoranza North District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743498|Dormaa Municipal hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743507|Pru East District hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743729|Atwima kwanwoma district hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743731|Berekum Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743778|Pru West District hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743806|Brong Ahafo Regional eye clinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744003|Jaman North District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744054|Sene Wast District hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744065|Jaman South District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744076|Techiman Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744080|St. Francis Xavier Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744085|Holy Family Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744097|Sene East District hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744100|Ghana Canada Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744105|Tano North District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744108|Calvary Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744133|Kintampo North Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744139|Ridge Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744152|Nhyiaeso Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744160|Q118744160]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744164|Lighthouse Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744171|Faith Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744176|Nalerigu teaching hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744180|Nkoranza South Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744219|Yeaboh Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744220|Herbal Technology Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744235|Offinso Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744249|Bengali Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|5.66734|-0.019579|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744258|Sissala East District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744265|Jomoro polyclinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744272|Sissala West District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744279|Builsa South District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744289|Aflao Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744291|Hohoe Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744304|Keta Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744351|Sissala West District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744361|Vhedzi Traditional Council Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744372|Yendi municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744396|Nkoranza North Municipal Hosp]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744438|Zabzugu District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744475|Daffiama -Bussie-Issa District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744506|Tolon District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744525|Nadowli District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744621|Kumbungu District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744822|Nanumba South District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744848|Gushiegu District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744850|Jirapa District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744872|Nanumba North District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744889|East Mamprusi District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744959|Nandom District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744985|East Gonja District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118745011|Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118745255|Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118746631|Twifo-Herman-Lower Denkyira Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118746647|Mfantsiman Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118746662|Gino’s East Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118746678|Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118746699|Gomoa West Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118746714|Nkoranza Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118746721|Jasikan Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118749089|Takoradi Pharmacy]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118749463|Sekondi Pharmacy]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118749821|Axim Pharmacy]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118770437|Wassa Amenfi East Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118772064|Wassa Amenfi Central Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118773292|Sekondi Takoradi Metropolitan Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118774593|Takoradi Teaching Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118779714|Ekumfi Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118779741|Abura-Asebu-kwamankese District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118779812|Asunafo North Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118779819|Catholic Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118779846|Evangelical Presbyterian Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118779851|Sutifi North District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118779881|Lifeline Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118779916|At.Francis Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780055|Krachi East Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780102|Krachi West Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780109|Nkwanta South District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780118|Nkwanta North District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780122|Biakoye District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780126|Buem District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780133|Komenda Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780141|Edina Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780155|Ajumako-Enyan-Esiam Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118792974|Wassa Amenfi West Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118793148|Ellembelle Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118793174|Koforidua Teaching Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118793181|Akim Oda Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118793293|Vivian I-Anhwiaso-Bekwai Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118793297|Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118798649|Yendi Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118798652|Bawku Regional Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118802857|Birim Central Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118803453|Yilo Krobo Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118803834|Asuogyaman Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118804134|Akuapim North Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118804416|Akuapim South Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118804930|Atiwa District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118829405|Kwahu East District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118829965|Kwahu West District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118830530|Akyem Abuakwa South District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118839148|Salaga District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118847690|Bibiani -Anhwiaso-Bekwai Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118850653|Wast Gonja District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118877699|Twifo-Heman-Lower Denkyira Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118877768|Gomoa East Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118958757|Asutifi North District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120061551|University of Education, Winneba, hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|5.370284|-0.629565|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121359412|Weta District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|6.100901|0.976224|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130457581|Bawjiase Polyclinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
|
| {{Coord|5.685462|-0.551745|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6432357|Korle - Bu Teaching Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Aakrá|Accra]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4668085|Ablekuma South]]''
| {{Coord|5.537833|-0.227408|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Korle-Bu hospital.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59882197|La General Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Aakrá|Accra]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20986963|La]]''
| {{Coord|5.5557|-0.1666|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780449|Q118780449]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Aakrá|Accra]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118854293|Vicom specialist hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Aakrá|Accra]]
| {{Coord|5.551118|-0.265573|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118878154|Yeboah hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Aakrá|Accra]]
| {{Coord|5.63257|-0.152271|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118900005|Otobia memorial hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Aakrá|Accra]]
| {{Coord|5.612562|-0.224963|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118900746|OEL International hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Aakrá|Accra]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118901119|Kind David hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Aakrá|Accra]]
| {{Coord|5.593567|-0.206099|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118901424|Methedist hospital,ankaase]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Aakrá|Accra]]
| {{Coord|6.848151|-1.549431|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118902557|True vine hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Aakrá|Accra]]
| {{Coord|6.66687|-1.616303|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20088939|Greater Accra Regional Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q431729|Greater Accra Region]]''
| {{Coord|5.561618|-0.198676|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ridge Hospital Accra.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110555349|The Trust Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.560995|-0.187143|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110826752|Impact Medical and Diagnostic Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.570643|-0.201514|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110826994|Achimota Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''<br/>[[Achimota]]
| {{Coord|5.629758|-0.217016|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110827041|Hill Top Surgical Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.611566|-0.299557|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110827051|Airport Women's Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.617884|-0.178866|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110843840|C&J General Hospital (Ghana)]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.629983|-0.06814|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110844165|Prime Care Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''<br/>[[Aakrá|Accra]]
| {{Coord|5.561156|-0.246771|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110845821|Justab Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.533593|-0.429337|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110845868|Atta Quarshie Memorial Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.55963|-0.212851|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110845914|Efah Victory Clinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.630925|-0.091767|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110845936|North Legon Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.669442|-0.182474|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110845998|St John's Hospital & Fertility Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.645578|-0.247606|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110867752|Bemuah Royal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.645967|-0.156963|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138839902|Accra Psychiatric Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q284556|Accra Metropolitan District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30688554|Kumasi Military Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q30688556|Afari]]''
| {{Coord|6.684806|-1.789677|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20047291|Tetteh Quarshie Memorial Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4701922|Akuapim-Mampong]]''
| {{Coord|5.9216|-0.133|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:TQuarshieMemHospSouthWest.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659130|Akormaa Memorial SDA Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q425533|Amansie West District]]''
| {{Coord|6.439755|-1.538422|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110931071|Father Thomas Alan Rooney Memorial Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q765209|Amenfi West Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.641|-2.3814|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659581|Juaso District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q720966|Asante Akim South District]]''
| {{Coord|6.592549|-1.121253|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6428308|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q740294|Kumasi Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|6.697479|-1.63169|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659075|SDA Hospital-Wiamoase]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]
| {{Coord|7.052414|-1.518659|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659198|Asafo-Agyei Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]
| {{Coord|6.641984|-1.618906|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118742321|Okomfo Anokye Teaching Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743480|Kumasi South Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744112|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and technology Medical Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744117|Nsuta hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15045457|Nsuta]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744148|OKomfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Plyclinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744169|St.Patrick's Hospital Polyclinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744185|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and technology Polyclinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744201|Manhyia Palace Hospital Polyclinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120646982|Aburaso Methodist Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]
| {{Coord|6.665091|-1.673065|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120648387|Royal Ash Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Agbègbè Ashanti|Ashanti Region]]
| {{Coord|6.664908|-1.672747|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110826088|Sankore Health Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q752420|Asunafo South District]]''
| {{Coord|6.503081|-2.501657|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110826061|Acherensua Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q752527|Asutifi District]]''
| {{Coord|6.980282|-2.29694|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110826697|Kwahu Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q4815760|Atibie]]''
| {{Coord|6.580094|-0.733637|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659360|Frimpong-Boateng Medical Center]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2646829|Atwima Nwabiagya Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|6.661502|-1.820525|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139957457|Mother and Child Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q55604571|Awutu Senya East Municipal District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q846323|Central Region]]''
| {{Coord|5.61606|-0.773686|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64548970|Hospital in Ghana]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q792509|Axim]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733301|37 Military Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly|Ayawaso East Municipal District]]
| {{Coord|5.58858|-0.183246|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:37 Military Hospital Sign Post.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55636721|University of Ghana Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Ayawaso West Municipal Assembly|Ayawaso West Municipal District]]
| {{Coord|5.63247|-0.18546|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:University of Ghana Medical Centre 07.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q122871962|Bawku Presby Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q812036|Bawku]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q477813|Bawku Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|11.060126|-0.232968|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bawku, Ghana - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894407|Zebilla Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q107622257|Bawku West]]''
| {{Coord|10.93757|-0.474938|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110929982|Bibiani Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q856281|Bibiani/Anhwiaso/Bekwai Municipal Assembly]]''
| {{Coord|6.2752|-2.263|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894400|Sandema Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15620043|Builsa]]''
| {{Coord|10.733428|-1.287881|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110868227|Binde Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q631255|Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo District]]''
| {{Coord|10.565574|-0.02901|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734213|University of Cape Coast Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q221283|Cape Coast]]''
| {{Coord|5.105335|-1.282972|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110826684|Pakphase Medical Center]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q922863|Cape Coast Metropolitan District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115907448|Chereponi hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5091888|Chereponi Disruct]]''
| {{Coord|10.130871|0.286627|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112033217|Dallung clinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q68653366|Dallung Community Library]]''
| {{Coord|9.630422|-1.009268|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110827072|Dodowa District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q104901433|Dangme West District]]''
| {{Coord|5.886222|-0.092757|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110931396|Nana Hima Dekyi Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1231673|Dixcove]]''
| {{Coord|4.849|-2.0273|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118742838|Euracare Diagnostic and Heart Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20630214|East Legon]]''
| {{Coord|5.570688|-0.176503|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743487|Cocos Orthopaedics]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20630214|East Legon]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124334647|St. Dominic Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q405670|Eastern Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55561076|Denkyembour District]]''
| {{Coord|6.047656|-0.798456|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659497|Janie Speaks AME Zion Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q688682|Edwinase District]]''
| {{Coord|7.408116|-1.962386|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7590037|St. Martin Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5349276|Eikwe]]''
| {{Coord|4.965213|-2.469751|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659327|Ejisu Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1321974|Ejisu-Juaben Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|6.720961|-1.470349|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659353|Ejura Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q688667|Ejura/Sekyedumase Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|7.389292|-1.351032|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110843719|Abokobi District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2553691|Ga East Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.733333|-0.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110846215|New Ashongman Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2553691|Ga East Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.685473|-0.231491|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110867839|A&A Medlove Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2553691|Ga East Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.71551|-0.204422|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140164654|Ga East Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2553691|Ga East Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.673171|-0.229254|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ga East Municipal Hospital.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110843639|Finney Hospital and Fertility Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q5515198|Ga South Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.550631|-0.355719|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110868213|Aneeja Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2553740|Ga West Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.641741|-0.259927|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20538207|University of Ghana Teaching Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q431729|Greater Accra Region]]''
| {{Coord|5.632335|-0.185922|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59938292|Manna Mission Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q431729|Greater Accra Region]]''
| {{Coord|5.6071|-0.1087|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manna Mission Hospital.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135233435|Oduman Polyclinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q431729|Greater Accra Region]]''
| {{Coord|5.641806|-0.330389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7309069|Ho Teaching Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q615006|Ho]]''
| {{Coord|6.60126|0.48404|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110916023|Hohoe District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2314574|Hohoe Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|7.0497|0.4125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110916062|Jasikan District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1432676|Jasikan District]]''
| {{Coord|7.4055|0.4597|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110916073|Worawora District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1432676|Jasikan District]]''
| {{Coord|7.4055|0.4597|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744598|Jirapa district hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6202983|Jirapa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744901|Jirapa district hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6202983|Jirapa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110916028|Keta District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1432726|Keta Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.9403|0.8675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110915876|Ketu South Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16733720|Ketu South Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|6.11738|1.180057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110929921|Central Aflao Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q16733720|Ketu South Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|6.1518|0.9821|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118743581|Akyem Abuakwa North district hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6404011|Kibbi]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5330410|Eastern Regional Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q406358|Koforidua]]''
| {{Coord|6.09766|-0.2572|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Koforidua Central Hospital.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744084|Eastern Reginal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q406358|Koforidua]]''
| {{Coord|6.097557|-0.25642|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744120|St Josephs hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q406358|Koforidua]]''
| {{Coord|6.101466|-0.272634|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894377|Kpandai District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6435710|Kpandai District]]''
| {{Coord|8.460167|-0.011402|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110915883|Anfoega Catholic Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2405656|Kpando Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|6.9906|0.2949|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110916034|Margret Marquart Catholic Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2405656|Kpando Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|6.9906|0.2949|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7985093|West End Hospital, Kumasi]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Kumasi]]
| {{Coord|6.683546|-1.643985|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780362|Hospi]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Kumasi]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780631|Trinity health hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Kumasi]]
| {{Coord|6.752611|-1.583471|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780684|County hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Kumasi]]
| {{Coord|6.744637|-1.660208|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780718|City hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Kumasi]]
| {{Coord|6.689917|-1.605303|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118780751|Kumasi south hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Kumasi]]
| {{Coord|6.744633|-1.566255|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118854297|Tophill hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Kumasi]]
| {{Coord|6.760246|-1.647226|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118854310|Global evangelical mission hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Kumasi]]
| {{Coord|6.669528|-1.494354|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118876921|Mater die hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Kumasi]]
| {{Coord|6.673328|-1.641662|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118878183|Tofo hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Kumasi]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118878417|Meter die hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| [[Kumasi]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659484|Asafo-Boakye Specialist Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q740294|Kumasi Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|6.628255|-1.647859|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659679|Kokofu Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q740294|Kumasi Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|6.499092|-1.523114|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659828|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q740294|Kumasi Metropolitan District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110751495|Pima hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q740294|Kumasi Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|6.747139|-1.592472|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110751547|Suntresu Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q740294|Kumasi Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|6.702622|-1.642169|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136305115|Dalung clinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20855070|Kumbungu District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65067984|Donkorkrom Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q55565966|Kwahu Afram Plains South District]]''
| {{Coord|7.048636|-0.076785|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92826507|The Bank Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q48796194|La-Dade-Kotopon Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.58513|-0.162|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:The Bank Hospital 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744547|Lawra district hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3828119|Lawra]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125464154|Atua Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6693593|Lower Manya Krobo Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125464311|St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Agormanya]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6693593|Lower Manya Krobo Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744094|Mampong Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q992747|Mampong]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110657717|Mercy Women's Catholic Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q6750511|Mankessim]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q846323|Central Region]]''
| {{Coord|5.265611|-1.007694|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894412|Ahmadiyya Muslim Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1315544|Nadowli-Kaleo District]]''
| {{Coord|6.509933|-1.536537|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894440|Nadowli Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1315544|Nadowli-Kaleo District]]''
| {{Coord|10.361616|-2.657594|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894442|Nandom Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q55579382|Nandom Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|10.838444|-2.772294|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125498599|Nanton Health Center]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65121881|Nanton District]]''
| {{Coord|9.55031|-0.73087|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125498770|Tampion Health Center]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q65121881|Nanton District]]''
| {{Coord|9.5812|-0.6764|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125338282|Millennium Health Services]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3335812|Nanumba North Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118878275|St.theresa's hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1994359|Nkoranza]]''
| {{Coord|7.691942|-1.707287|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110916011|Evangelical Presbyterian Church Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3531554|North Tongu District]]''
| {{Coord|6.1526|0.3748|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110916051|Adidome Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3531554|North Tongu District]]''
| {{Coord|6.1526|0.3748|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64576146|Savelugu Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q502215|Northern Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105473441|Savelugu Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|9.61872|-0.8293|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115794079|Marshal Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q502215|Northern Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q25112635|Sagnarigu Municipal District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24696637|Gurugu]]''
| {{Coord|9.468699|-0.871299|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110948852|Saint John of God Hospital (Ghana)]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q991487|Nzema East Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.1388|-2.3814|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659252|Ashanti Goldfields Company Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q674826|Obuasi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|6.195313|-1.660502|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659295|Bryant Mission Hospital (Ghana)]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q674826|Obuasi Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|6.192007|-1.646041|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110843885|Lapaz Community Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q106638847|Okaikwei North Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.608739|-0.253726|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894307|Saboba Medical Centre, Northeast region]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q106911478|Saboba-Chereponi District]]''
| {{Coord|9.710137|0.318611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116006605|Ummah Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112635|Sagnarigu Municipal District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q502215|Northern Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15229609|Jisonaayili]]''
| {{Coord|9.454216|-0.856299|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125464662|Aisha Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112635|Sagnarigu Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125467289|The Spinal Clinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112635|Sagnarigu Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125468028|St Lucy Polyclinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112635|Sagnarigu Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125468526|Tania Special Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112635|Sagnarigu Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134379330|Tamale Technical University Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q25112635|Sagnarigu Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|9.432345|-0.866909|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894368|Savelugu Municipal Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q105473441|Savelugu Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|9.619051|-0.829332|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894371|Bruham Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q105473441|Savelugu Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115647650|Savelugu Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q105473441|Savelugu Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|9.61972|-0.83088|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110929963|Abdul Baki Specialist Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7447324|Sekondi Takoradi Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|4.9432|-1.7441|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110930041|Sycamore Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7447324|Sekondi Takoradi Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|4.9432|-1.7441|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110931053|Essikado Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7447324|Sekondi Takoradi Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|4.9432|-1.7441|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110931358|Nagel Memorial Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7447324|Sekondi Takoradi Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.641|-2.3814|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5347421|Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q243293|Sekondi-Takoradi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7447324|Sekondi Takoradi Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|4.923896|-1.744604|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110659301|Effiduase Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q745202|Sekyere East District]]''
| {{Coord|6.847931|-1.393427|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110915864|Tumu Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1508154|Sissala East Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|10.877805|-1.98652|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110915867|Virtue Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1508154|Sissala East Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|10.7049|-1.7539|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110916040|Peki Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3019338|South Dayi District]]''
| {{Coord|6.621|0.187|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110915929|Richard Novati Catholic Hospital (Comboni Centre)]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1433337|South Tongu District]]''
| {{Coord|6.0252|0.6394|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130442017|Lucy Memorial Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q20986347|Sowutuom]]''
| {{Coord|5.645244|-0.276835|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110826730|Suhum Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q105063214|Suhum Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|6.038169|-0.445759|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110825880|Third Medical Reception Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1786388|Sunyani Municipal District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110825938|Owusu Memorial Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1786388|Sunyani Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|7.326962|-2.332516|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7680590|Tamale Teaching Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q217040|Tamale]]''
| {{Coord|9.3934|-0.82376|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tamale Teaching Hospital 4.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113122586|Tamale Central Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7680587|Tamale Central]]''
| {{Coord|9.40596|-0.83719|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110868250|Haj Adams Medical Centre]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q240319|Tamale Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|9.402012|-0.846054|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110868263|Habana Medical Service]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q240319|Tamale Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|9.458705|-0.842203|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113107324|Tamale West Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q240319|Tamale Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|9.40372|-0.851413|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125338375|One-Heart Medical Center]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q240319|Tamale Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|13.779837|-1.03061|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125464469|Kabsad Scientific Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q240319|Tamale Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|9.39889|-0.82742|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125467625|Rabito Clinic]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q240319|Tamale Metropolitan District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110751672|Municipal Hospital, Goaso]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q752417|Tano North Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|6.802163|-2.514834|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118744102|St. Luke's hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q995439|Tarkwa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110931420|Tarkwa Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7686296|Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.30542|-1.97652|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133852291|Apinto Government Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q7686296|Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.305857|-1.986278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59881745|Lekma Hostpital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1062602|Tassi]]''
| {{Coord|5.6031|-0.1202|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lekma Hospital.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30672825|list of hospitals in the Atwima Nwabiagya District]]''
| ojúewé àtojọ Wikimedia
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q964069|Techiman]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110826108|Valley View Adventist Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q957996|Techiman Municipal Assembly]]''
| {{Coord|7.575092|-1.961386|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98275651|Tema General Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2723511|Tema Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.6742|-0.0252|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110827066|Narh-Bita Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2723511|Tema Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.658671|-0.010748|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110845638|Provita Specialist Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2723511|Tema Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.652387|-0.019882|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110845753|Jubail Specialist Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2723511|Tema Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.625914|-0.051917|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110846082|Sakumono Community Multiplex Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2723511|Tema Metropolitan District]]''
| {{Coord|5.591354|-0.319836|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110826406|Dunkwa Goldfields Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q15045670|Upper Denkyira West District]]''
| {{Coord|5.963653|-1.776226|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110931027|Christina Adcock and Sons Christian Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2550228|Wassa Amenfi East Municipal District]]''
| {{Coord|5.8111|-1.9099|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110894390|Zabzugu Tatale District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| ''[[:d:Q3574480|Zabzugu-Tatale District]]''
| {{Coord|5.630611|-0.176441|display=inline}}
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
00d2og53el3vd5n2iaw80uf6ks9twje
Hadiza Aliyu
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70197
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581756
2026-06-16T09:10:03Z
InternetArchiveBot
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Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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text/x-wiki
{{Infobox person|name=HADIZA ALIYU GABON|years_active=2009–present|awards=[[#Awards|See below]]|children=|relations=|spouse=|credits=Best known for her appearance in ''Ali Yaga Ali''|occupation=[[Actress]], [[film maker]]|alma mater=|image=Hadiza Aliyu Gabon.jpg|education=|networth=|nationality=[[Nigeria]]n|birth_place=[[Libreville, Gabon]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|mf=yes|1989|6|1|df=y}}|birth_name=Hadiza Aliyu|caption=|website={{url|hadizaaliyu.com}}}}
'''Hadiza Aliyu''' (bíi ni ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1989)<ref>{{cite web|title=Hadiza Aliyu|url=http://www.hadizaaliyu.com/about/}}</ref> jẹ́ òṣèré ni orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó jẹ́ aṣojú fún ilé iṣẹ́ MTN Nigeria àti Indomie noodles. Ó gbà ẹ̀bùn òṣèré tó dára jù lọ ní ọdún 2013 láti ọ̀dọ̀ Nollywood Awards, ó sì gba ẹ̀bùn láti ọ̀dọ̀ Kannywood àti MTN ni ọdún 2014.
== Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀pẹ̀ aiyé rẹ̀ ==
Wọ́n bí sì ìlú Libreville ni orílẹ̀ èdè Republic of Gabon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201312300834.html|title=Nigeria: I Had to Learn Hausa to Feature in Kannywood - Hadiza Gabon|author=All Africa|publisher=Amina Alhassan and Mulikat Mukaila|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> Bàbá rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀ Gabon ṣùgbọ́n ìyá rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ìpínlè Adamawa ni orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà<ref>{{cite web|title=I want to settle down – Gabon - Blueprint|url=http://www.blueprint.ng/2014/10/06/i-want-to-settle-down-gabon/|access-date=2015-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131520/http://www.blueprint.ng/2014/10/06/i-want-to-settle-down-gabon/|archive-date=2015-04-02|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/biography/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>.
== Iṣẹ́ ==
Hadiza dara pọ̀ mọ́ Kannywood lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí ó padà sí orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Husseini|first1=Shuaibu|title=Gold for Kannywood’s shinning star, Hadiza Gabon, from Queensland|url=https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/gold-for-kannywoods-shinning-star-hadiza-gabon-from-queensland/|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=12 November 2016|archive-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024225403/https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/gold-for-kannywoods-shinning-star-hadiza-gabon-from-queensland/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ eré ṣíṣe ni ọdún 2009 nínú eré Artabu<ref>{{cite web|title=Hadiza Gabon - HausaFilms.tv|url=http://www.hausafilms.tv/actress/hadiza_gabon/}}</ref>
Ó darapọ̀ mọ́ Nollywood ni ọdún 2017<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lere|first1=Muhammad|title=Kannywood: Hadiza Gabon features in first Nollywood movie - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/243849-kannywood-hadiza-gabon-features-first-nollywood-movie.html|website=Premiumtimenews|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=21 September 2017}}</ref>, ó sì kópa nínú eré Lagos Real Fake Life.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Elites|first1=The|title=Famous Kannywood Actress Hadiza Aliyu Gabon, Debuts In Nollywood Movie|url=http://www.theelitesng.com/famous-kannywood-actress-hadiza-aliyu-gabon-febuts-in-nollywood-movie/|website=The Elites Nigeria|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=21 September 2017|archive-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024225402/http://www.theelitesng.com/famous-kannywood-actress-hadiza-aliyu-gabon-febuts-in-nollywood-movie/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The trailer for Mike Ezuruonye's new movie ‘Lagos Real Fake Life’ isn't quite there yet » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/the-trailer-for-mike-ezuruonyes-new-movie-lagos-real-fake-life-isnt-quite-there-yet/|website=YNaija|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=10 October 2018}}</ref> Ní oṣù kejìlá, ọdún 2018, ilé iṣẹ́ NASCON Allied Plc, fi ṣe asoju wọn.<ref>{{cite web|title=NASCON launches New Dangote Classic Seasoning Cubes|url=https://www.proshareng.com/news/Products%20&%20Services/NASCON-launches-New-Dangote-Classic-Seasoning-Cubes/43162#:~:text=The%20Company%20used%20the%20occasion,to%20all%20women%20in%20Nigeria|website=NASCON launches New Dangote Classic Seasoning Cubes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=NASCON introduces Dangote classic seasoning into Kano market|url=https://businessday.ng/companies/article/nascon-introduces-dangote-classic-seasoning-into-kano-market|work=Businessday NG|date=17 December 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Brand Ambassador Market Tour|url=https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/|website=NASCON|date=16 July 2019|access-date=12 October 2020|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810145350/https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2016, ó dá egbe HAG foundation kalẹ̀.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hagfoundation.com/|title=HAG Foundation - Committed to Serving Humanity|work=|publisher=HAG Foundation|accessdate=22 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010123/http://www.hagfoundation.com/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ naa si wa láti pèsè iranlọwọ ẹ̀kọ́ ọ̀fẹ́, oúnjẹ àti ìlera tí ó péye fún àwọn aláìní.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/entertainment/hadiza-gabon-enlivens-idp-camp/138523.html|title=Hadiza Gabon enlivens IDP camp|work=Daily Trust|publisher=Ibrahim Musa Giginyu|accessdate=19 March 2016}}</ref>
== Àṣàyàn àwọn eré rẹ̀ ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Ọdun
!Akọle
!Ipa ti o ko
!Genre
|-
|
|''Daina Kuka<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/filmography/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|
|''Farar Saka''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|
|''Fataken Dare''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|
|Kolo''Babban ZaureBabban Zaure''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|
|''Mukaddari''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|
|''Sakayya''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|
|''Umarnin Uwa''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|
|''Ziyadat''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2009
|''Artabu''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2010
|Wasila''Babban ZaureBabban Zaure''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2010
|''Umarnin Uwa''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2012
|''Aisha Humaira''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2012
|'''Yar Maye''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2012
|''Badi Ba Rai''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2012
|''Akirizzaman''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2012
|''Dare Daya''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2012
|''Wata Tafi Wata''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2013
|''Da Kai Zan Gana''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2013
|''Haske''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2013
|''Ban Sani Ba''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2014
|''Mai Dalilin Aure''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2014
|''Daga Ni Sai Ke''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2014
|''Ali Yaga Ali''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2014
|''Basaja''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2014
|''Uba Da 'Da''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2014
|''Indon Kauye''
|Actress
|Comedy/Drama
|-
|2014
|''Ba'asi''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2014
|''Jarumta''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2017
|''Gida da waje''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2017
|''Ciki Da Raino''
|Actress
|Comedy/Drama
|-
|2019
|''Hawwa Kulu''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2019
|''Wakili''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2019
|''Dan Birnin''
|Actress
|Drama
|-
|2019
|''Gidan Badamasi''
|Actress
|Comedy/Drama
|}
== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
{{reflist}}
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{{Infobox person|name=Jill Levenberg|image=|alt=<!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->|caption=|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name -->|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1977|9|20}}|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|nationality=South African|other_names=|alma_mater=[[University of Cape Town]]|known_for=|years_active=|occupation=Actress|notable_works=}}
'''Jill Levenberg''' (tí a bí ní 20 Oṣù Kẹẹ̀sán, Ọdún 1977) jẹ́ òṣèrébìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gúùsù Áfríkà.
== Ìsẹ̀mí rẹ̀ ==
Levenberg gbé ní agbègbè Kensington, il̀ú [[Cape Town]].<ref name="news24">{{Cite news|title=Jill Levenberg on playing Ellen Pakkies: ‘I had to go into a state of disassociation in order to commit the act of murder’|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/movies/news/jill-levenberg-on-playing-ellen-pakkies-i-had-to-go-into-a-state-of-disassociation-in-order-to-commit-the-act-of-murder-20180904|accessdate=12 October 2020|work=News 24|date=4 September 2018}}</ref> Láti ìgbà tí ó wà ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà ló ti ṣe àkọ́kọ́ eré rẹ̀ lóri ìpele nígbà kan tí ó fí kọrin ní ilé-ìṣeré ''Kensington Civic Centre''. Ó kópa nínu ọ̀pọ̀lopọ̀ àwọn eré, bẹ́ẹ̀ ló sì tún jẹ́ alápọn nínu ẹgbẹ́ akorin ní àkókò ilé-ìwé alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ rè. Levenberg lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ''University of Cape Town'' níbi tí ó ti gba oyè-ẹ̀kọ́ nínu ìmọ̀ eré ìtàgé àti [[èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]]. Levenberg kópa nínu ọ̀pọ̀lopọ̀ àwọn eré bii ''Medea'', ''Blood Brothers'' àti ''Orpheus in Africa'' ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀. Ó gba àmì-ẹ̀ye amúgbálẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ òṣèré tí ó tayọ jùlọ fún ipa rẹ̀ nínu ''Orpheus in Africa''<ref name="sarafina">{{Cite news|title=A Conversation with Jill Levenberg|url=https://sarafinamagazine.com/2018/12/05/a-conversation-with-jill-levenberg/|accessdate=12 October 2020|work=Sarafina Magazine|date=5 December 2018}}</ref>
Levenberg kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bi Beulah nínu fíìmù ti ọdún 2015 kan tí àkọ́lé rẹ̀ jẹ́ ''Abraham''. Ní ìbẹ̀rè ọdún 2015, ó ti kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bi Mymoena Samsodien nínu eré tẹlifíṣọ̀nù alátìgbà-dègbà kan tí àkọ́lé rẹ̀ jẹ́ ''Suidooster''.<ref name="sarafina"/> Ní ọdún 2020, Levenberg dá àbá pé kí eré náà tún sọ̀rọ̀ lóri ìlóbìnrin púpọ̀, èyítí ó mú kí AB tí ó jẹ́ ọkọ rẹ̀ nínu eré náà fẹ́ Farah gẹ́gẹ́ bi ìyàwó ẹlẹ́kejì.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Suidooster stars about the polygamy storyline: "There's going to be a lot of fireworks"|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/suidooster-stars-about-the-polygamy-storyline-theres-going-to-be-a-lot-of-fireworks-20201008|accessdate=12 October 2020|work=News24|date=8 October 2020}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2018, Levenberg kó ipa Ellen Pakkies nínu eré ''Ellen: The Ellen Pakkies Story'', èyí tí ó jẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ ipa rẹ̀ nínu sinimá àgbéléwò.
Levenberg jẹ́ olùjàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ àwọn òṣèré tí ó sì maá n tako ṣíṣe ayédèru fíìmù.<ref name="sarafina"/> Levenberg tún maá n ṣe ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ọ̀fẹ́ nípa eré yógà àti eré orí-ìtàgé fún àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní ìlú Cape Town.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Trying to change youth lives|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/ZA/Tygerburger/Nuus/trying-to-change-youth-lives-20200303-2|accessdate=12 October 2020}}</ref> Ó jẹ́ elédè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, [[Èdè Áfríkáánì|Afrikaans]], àti Jẹmánì<ref>{{cite web|title=Jill Levenberg|url=https://www.apm.co.za/artiste/jill-levenberg-625/|website=APM|accessdate=12 October 2020|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514012842/https://www.apm.co.za/artiste/jill-levenberg-625/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
== Àṣàyàn àwọn eré rẹ̀ ==
* 2015: ''A Whistle Blows/Fluit-Fluit'' (as Gwen Isaacs)
* 2015: ''While You Weren't Looking'' (as Yasmin)
* 2015: ''Uitvlucht'' (as San)
* 2015: ''Abraham'' (as Beulah)
* 2015-present: ''Suidooster'' (TV series, as Mymoena Samsodien)
* 2018: ''Ellen: The Ellen Pakkies Story'' (as Ellen)
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
== Àwọn ìtakùn Ìjásóde ==
* [[imdbname:6876199|Jill Levenberg]] at the [[:en:Internet_Movie_Database|Internet Movie Database]]
* [https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17371 TVSA profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209161701/https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17371 |date=2020-12-09 }}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1977]]
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{{Short description|Yoruba traditional clothing}}
[[Yoruba people|Yoruba]]
Aṣọ jẹ́ nnkan tí àwọn elédè Yorùbá ń wọ sára láti fi gbé àṣà lárugẹ, bákan náà àwọn ẹ̀yà mìíràn yàtò sì Yorùbá bí Togo, Benin nígbà mìíràn a máa múra báyìí
[[File:A Yoruba woman garbed in traditional clothing (2).png|thumb|Yoruba woman in traditional clothing]]
[[File:A Yoruba man garbed in traditional clothing (2).png|thumb|Yoruba men's clothing]]
[[File:A Yoruba woman garbed in traditional clothing.png|thumb|Yoruba woman]]
Aṣọ jé ohun tí ènìyàń ń wọ̀ láti bo ìhòhò. Oríṣi ohun èlò ni a fi ń hun aṣọ, àwọn ohun èlò bíi [[owu|òwú]], ọ̀rá, awọ sílìkì<ref name="Objective 2021">{{cite web | last=Objective | first=Common | title=What Are Our Clothes Made From? | website=Common Objective | date=2021-12-10 | url=http://www.commonobjective.co/article/what-are-our-clothes-made-from | access-date=2022-03-01}}</ref> àti bẹ́ẹ̀bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ, lẹ́yìn híhun aṣọ, aṣọ tún nílò rírán kí ó tó le di wíwọ̀. Yàtò sí fún bíbo ìhòhò, aṣọ tún wà fún oge àti ìdánimọ. Àpẹẹrẹ oríṣi aṣọ ilé Yorùbá ni [[ìró ati bùbá|ìró àti bùbá]], [[Agbádá]], dànsíkí, búbù, kẹ̀mbẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. (ní òpòlopò ìgbà) olùwọ àwọn asọ wọ̀nyí ma ń jé ọmọ [[Yorùbá]] <ref name="Lawal 2013">{{cite web | last=Lawal | first=Babatunde | title=Agbada Clothing | website=LoveToKnow | date=2013-10-04 | url=https://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/clothing-types-styles/agbada-clothing | access-date=2022-03-01 | archive-date=2022-03-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301231919/https://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/clothing-types-styles/agbada-clothing | dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref name="BB 2015">{{cite web | last=BB | first=Miss | title=The evolution of Iro and Buba - BLACK AND BEAUTIFUL | website=BLACK AND BEAUTIFUL | date=2015-08-14 | url=https://blackandbeautiful.fr/blog/en/2015/08/14/the-evolution-of-iro-and-buba/ | access-date=2022-03-01}}</ref>.
==Aṣọ Àwọn obìnrin ==
Àwọn èyí tó jẹ́ ohun pàtàkì nínú aṣọ obìnrin ni:
* '''Ìró àti Bùbá''': Bùbá jẹ́ ẹ̀wù tí o ń bo òkè ara wa nígbà tí ìró jẹ́ ohun tí o ń bo ara wa láti ibi ikùn dé ìsàlẹ̀. Wọ́n lè fi irúfé aṣọ kaná ṣe ìró àti ibùba, bákan náà o sì lè jẹ ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀. Orísìírísìí ọrùn ni ó lè wá ní bùbá, bẹ́ẹ̀ náà ni apá aṣọ, oríṣiríṣi ohun èso náà sì lè wá ní iwájú buba gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí oníkálukú bá fẹ́. Ìró náà sì lè gùn bí ó bá ṣe wùn ẹni tí ó fẹ́ wọ̀ọ́. Wọ́n a máa fi orísìírísìí ohun rán ìró àti bùbá bíi ; aṣọ òkè, aṣọ òfì, àdìre, Àrán, Seghosen, Jawu, Aṣọ ọ̀lọ́nà, Sílikì, láásì, Dàmásì, Brocade àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. Wọn máa ń wọ Gèlè àti ìpèlé sórí ìró àti ibùba. Wọ́n a máa ró ìró láì wọ bùbá orísìí ìró náà pẹ̀lú aṣọ bùbá mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-06-24 |title=Nigeria's Yoruba women announce their arrival in style |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53050001 |access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Emerie |first=Happy |date=2022-12-12 |title=Latest Most Fantastic Aso oke Styles for Ladies 2023 |url=https://asoebiguest.com/culture/fantastic-aso-oke-styles-for-ladies/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Asoebi Guest Fashion |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Àwon Ìtókasí ==
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Akani Simbine
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{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Akani Simbine
| image = Akani Simbine Rio 2016.jpg
| caption = Simbine at the [[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Summer Olympics]]
| full name = Akani Simbine
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|9|21|df=yes}}
| nationality = South African
| birth_place = [[Kempton Park, Gauteng]], South Africa<ref name="Bio"/>
| height = 176 cm<ref name=gwangju2015>{{cite web|title=SIMBINE Akani |url=http://www.gwangju2015.kr/IRS/eng/zb/engzb_athletics_biography_overview_n6301319_simbine_akani.htm |website=gwangju2015.kr |publisher=[[2015 Summer Universiade]] |access-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090032/http://www.gwangju2015.kr/IRS/eng/zb/engzb_athletics_biography_overview_n6301319_simbine_akani.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>
| weight = 74 kg<ref name=gwangju2015/>
| country = South Africa
| sport = [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]]
| event = {{ubl|[[100 m]]|[[200 m]]}}
| universityteam = [[University of Pretoria|University of Pretoria Tuks HPC]]
| coach = Werner Prinsloo<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/iaaf-diamond-league-simbine-faces-tough-field-in-100m/ |title=IAAF Diamond League: Simbine faces tough field in 100m |last=Breakfast |first=Siviwe |website=thesouthafrican.com |publisher=The South African |date=28 June 2018 |access-date=2 February 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| pb = {{Unbulleted list
|'''100 m''': 9.84 (2021, {{AthAbbr|AR|African}})
|'''150 m''': 15.08 {{AthAbbr|A}} (2020)
|'''200 m''': 19.95 {{AthAbbr|A}} (2017)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sport24.co.za/OtherSport/Athletics/South-Africa/simbine-makes-history-runs-fastest-100m-in-sa-20170306 |title=Simbine makes history, runs fastest 100m in SA |website=sport24.co.za |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]] |date=6 March 2017 |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Bio"/>}}
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport | Men's athletics}}
{{MedalCountry | {{flagu|South Africa}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Athletics Relays|World Relays]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[2021 World Athletics Relays|2021 Chorzów]] | [[2021 World Athletics Relays – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4×100 m relay]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2019 IAAF World Relays|2019 Yokohama]]|[[2019 IAAF World Relays – Men's 4 × 200 metres relay|4×200 m relay]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games|2018 Gold Coast]]|[[Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metres|100 m]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2018 Gold Coast|[[Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4×100 m relay]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metres|100 m]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2018 African Championships in Athletics|2018 Asaba]]|[[2018 African Championships in Athletics – Men's 100 metres|100 m]]}}
{{MedalGold|2018 Asaba|[[2018 African Championships in Athletics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4×100 m relay]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 African Championships in Athletics|2016 Durban]]|[[2016 African Championships in Athletics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4×100 m relay]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 African Championships in Athletics|2022 Mauritius]]|100 m}}
{{MedalBronze|2016 Durban|[[2016 African Championships in Athletics – Men's 100 metres|100 m]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Universiade]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Athletics at the 2015 Summer Universiade|2015 Gwangju]]|[[Athletics at the 2015 Summer Universiade - Men's 100 metres|100 m]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2015 Gwangju|[[Athletics at the 2015 Summer Universiade - Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4×100 m relay]]}}
{{MedalCountry | [[File:Africa (orthographic projection).svg|20px]] Africa}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[IAAF Continental Cup|Continental Cup]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2018 IAAF Continental Cup|2018 Ostrava]]|[[2018 IAAF Continental Cup – Results#Men's 100 metres|100 m]]}}
}}
{{Àpótíọ̀rọ̀ eléréìdárayá
| image = Akani Simbine Rio 2016.jpg
| image_size = 200px}}
[[Category:Pages using Infobox sportsperson with unknown parameters|full nameAkani Simbine]]
'''Akani Simbine''' (ti a bi ni ojo 21 Oṣu Kẹsan ọdun 1993) jẹ ẹlẹsẹ-ije [[Gúúsù Áfríkà|South Africa]] kan ti o ṣa ere mita 100 . O gbe ipo karun ni Olimpiiki Igba ooru 2016 ni mita 100 ti awọn ọkunrin ati pe o jẹ eniti o fi itanbalẹ 100 mita Afirika pẹlu iṣẹju Aaya 9.84 ti a ṣeto ni Oṣu Keje ọdun 2021 titi di igba ti Ferdinand Omurwa gba lowo re ni Oṣu Kẹsan ọdun 2021.
Simbine jẹ asekẹhin fun idije Agbaye ni mita 100 awọn ọkunrin ni ọdun 2017 (karun) ati 2019 (kẹrin), ati pe o jẹ aṣaju mita 100 ni idije Ile Afirika 2018 ati ere Agbaye 2018 . Ni mita 4 × 100 o ṣe iranlọwọ fun South Africa lati ja we olubori ni African Championships ni 2016 ati 2018, o si gbe ipo keji ni ere Agbaye 2018 pẹlu akoko ti o je titun fun orile edè South Africa ni 38.24 aaya. O gbe South Africa si goolu ni 2021 World Relays . Simbine wa inu awon maarun akoko ni idije 4 pataki ti o kẹhin awọn ere-ije 100m pẹlu 4th ni 2019 ere-idaraya Agbaye ti 2019 - Awọn mita 100 Awọn ọkunrin ati elere idaraya ni Olimpiiki Igba ooru 2020 - mita 100 awọn ọkunrin ti o padanu ni ami-idẹ si elere idaraya Ilu Canada Andre De Grasse .
== Igbesiaye ==
=== 2013 World Championships ===
O dije ninu ere mita 100 ni ere- idije elere idaraya Agbaye 2013.
=== 2015 Universiade ===
Lakoko ti je ọmọ ile-iwe Imọ-iṣe Alaye ni Ile- ẹkọ giga ti Pretoria, Simbine dọgba 100m South Africa ati o tun fi itan balẹ ni ojo 9<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwPQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Oṣu Keje Ọdun 2015 ninu idije ami-eye goolu rẹ ni 2015 Universiade ni Gwangju, [[Kòréà Gúúsù|South Korea]] . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=8 September 2015}}</ref>
=== 2016 South African igbasilẹ ati Olympic Games ===
Simbine tun bu igbasilẹ 100m South Africa pẹlu iṣẹju-aaya 9.89 ni Gyulai István Memorial ni Székesfehérvár ni ọjọ 18 Oṣu Keje ọdun 2016. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Akani Simbine storms to new South African 100m record of 9.89s!|url=http://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/07/18/akani-simbine-storms-new-south-african-100m-record-9-89s/|access-date=18 July 2016}}</ref> O gbe ipo karun ni iṣẹju-aaya 9.94 ni asekagba 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwSg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m ti [[Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 2016|Olimpiiki 2016]] ni [[Rio de Janeiro]] ni ọjọ 14 Oṣu Kẹjọ ọdun 2016.
===== 2017 =====
Ni ipade akọkọ ti 2017 IAAF Diamond League ni [[Doha]], Simbine bori 100 m pẹlu akoko iṣẹju aaya 9.99. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/sport/athletics/akani-simbine-streaks-to-victory-in-doha-8974296|title=Akani Simbine streaks to victory in Doha! {{!}} IOL|access-date=6 May 2017|language=en}}</ref>
=== 2018 ===
Simbine bori ni ere Agbaye 2018 100 m ni iseju aaya 10.03, ti o je ki o le yo ayanfẹ-ije tẹlẹ [[Yohan Blake]] si ipo kẹta.
=== 2020 ===
Simbine bẹrẹ akoko 2020 rẹ pẹlu ere-ije mita 150 ni University of Johannesburg Stadium ni ọjọ 14 Kínní, dọgbadọgba akoko igbasilẹ South Africa (15.08) lakoko ti o nrin si laini ipari, ṣugbọn laisi alaye afẹfẹ. O sare 100 akọkọ rẹ m fun akoko ni 14 Oṣu Kẹta ni Ile- ẹkọ giga ti Pretoria Tuks Stadium . Laimo boya tabi rara oun yoo ni anfani lati dije nigbamii ni akoko nitori [[Àjàkáyé-àrùn èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019-2020|ajakaye-arun COVID-19]] ti n tan kaakiri, o ti gbogbo ọna si laini ipari ni akoko idari agbaye ti awọn aaya 9.91 ninu awọn igbona.
== Àwọn Ìtọ́ka Sí ==
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1993]]
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Bilkisu Yusuf
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{{Short description|Oníwèé-ìròyìn ọmọ Nàìjíríà}}
{{for|ẹni tó ń ṣe eré judoka ti orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Bilkisu Yusuf (judoka)}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Hajji|Hajiya]]
| name = Bilkisu Yusuf
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Bilkisu-Yusef.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 2 December 1952
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2015|09|24|1952|12|02|df=y}}
| death_place = Mina, Saudi Arabia
| death_cause = [[Stampede#Crushes|Ìtẹ̀pa èrò]]
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = | monuments =
| nationality = Ọmọ Nàìjíríà
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education = Ahmadu Bello University (Bachelors);<br /> University of Wisconsin-Madison (Masters);<br /> Moscow State Institute of Journalism and International Relations
| alma_mater = Ansar Primary School, Kano (1964)<br />Government Girls College, Dala, Kano
| occupation = Oníwèé-ìròyìn, akọròyìn àti olóòtú
| years_active =
| employer = Àwọn ìwé-ìròyìn ''Daily Trust'' àti ''Leadership''
| organization = Women In Nigeria;<br /> Federation of Muslim Women's Associations in Nigeria,<br /> Advocacy Nigeria
| agent =
| known_for = Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn àti ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ àwọn obìnrin
| spouse = Alhaji Sanusi Ciroma Yusuf (ọkọ àkọ́kọ́)<br />Mustapha Bintube (ọkọ kejì)
| partner =
| children = Moshood Sanusi Yusuf (ọmọkùnrin) & Nana Fatima (ọmọbìnrin)
| parents =
| relatives =
}}
'''Bilkisu Yusuf'''{{Audio|LL-Q56475 (hau)-Eunice Ameh-Bilkisu Yusuf.wav|Listen|help=no }} (Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kejìlá 1952 – Ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún Oṣù Kẹ̀sán 2015) jẹ́ oníwèé-ìròyìn ọmọ Nàìjíríà, [[columnist|akọròyìn]] àti olóòtú fún àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìwé-ìròyìn ńlá ní [[Abuja|Àbújá]], [[Kano (city)|Kánò]] àti [[Kaduna (city)|Kàdúná]], Nàìjíríà. Ó gbajúmọ̀ ní Nàìjíríà gẹ́gẹ́ bí obìnrin àkọ́kọ́ láti darí ilé-iṣẹ́ ìwé-ìròyìn ti orílẹ̀-èdè, ó sì tún sìn gẹ́gẹ́ bí olóòtú fún méjì mìíràn. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ [[Hausa people|Hausa]], [[Muslim|Mùsùlùmí]], ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́-obìnrin (feminist), tó ní ìràn [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]], àti alágbàwí fún àjọṣepọ̀ ẹ̀sìn. Ó tún gbajúmọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdámọ̀ràn fún Ààrẹ Nàìjíríà lórí Ọ̀rọ̀ Ilẹ̀ Òkè-òkun àti olùdásílẹ̀ àwọn àjọ [[NGO]] bíi Women In Nigeria (WIN) àti Federation of Muslim Women's Association (FOMWAN). Wọ́n pa Yusuf nínú [[2015 Mina stampede|ìtẹ̀pa Mina ti ọdún 2015]] nígbà tí ó lọ ṣe ìsìn [[Haj|Hajj]] ní [[Mecca]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name=pri>{{cite web|url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-09-29/lost-hajj-stampede-was-pioneering-journalist-who-united-christians-and-muslims|title=Lost in the Hajj stampede was a pioneering journalist who united Christians and Muslims|work=Public Radio International|date=September 29, 2015}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=dailyindependentnig>{{cite web |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/09/female-editor-bilikisu-el-miskeen-4-others-die-in-hajj-stampede/ |first1=Chesa |last1=Chesa |first2=Juliet |last2=Oyoyo |first3=Gbenga |last3=Faturoti |title=Female Editor, Bilikisu; El-Miskeen, 4 Others Die In Hajj Stampede |website=Dailyindependentnig.com |access-date=2015-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930023056/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/09/female-editor-bilikisu-el-miskeen-4-others-die-in-hajj-stampede/ |archive-date=2015-09-30 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
== Ìgbésíayé rẹ̀ ==
[[File:Ahmadu bello university senate.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Yusuf kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ahmadu Bello University ó sì dá àjọ Women in Nigeria sílẹ̀ níbẹ̀ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ọdún 1980.]]
Wọ́n bí Bilkisu Yusuf ní ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1952.<ref name=nationalassignment>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/bilkisu-died-on-national-assignment-husband/112511.html|title=Bilkisu died on national assignment – Husband|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|access-date=2015-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208180533/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/bilkisu-died-on-national-assignment-husband/112511.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àkọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní Ansar Primary School, [[Kano (city)|Kánò]] ní ọdún 1964 kí ó tó tẹ̀síwájú sí ilé-ìwé sẹ́kọ́ńdírì fún àwọn obìnrin, Government Girls College, [[Dala, Nigeria|Dala]], Kánò.<ref name=toogoodtobetrue>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/hajiya-bilkisu-she-was-too-good-and-true/|title=Hajiya Bilkisu: She was too good and true|work=The Nation Nigeria|date=30 September 2015 }}</ref>
Yusuf kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gíga nínú ìmọ̀ ìṣèlú (political science) àti iṣẹ́ ìròyìn. Ó gba oyè [[bachelor's degree]] nínú ìmọ̀ ìṣèlú ní [[Ahmadu Bello University]] ní [[Zaria]], Nàìjíríà; oyè master's rẹ̀ nínú ìmọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àjọṣepọ̀ káríayé (international relations) láti [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] ní [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]], [[Wisconsin]], Amẹ́ríkà; àti oyè gíga nínú iṣẹ́ ìròyìn láti International Journalism School ní [[Moscow State Institute of International Relations]] ní [[Moscow]], Rọ́ṣíà, ní ọdún 1986.<ref name=toogoodtobetrue /><ref name=wisemuslimwomen>{{cite web|url=http://www.wisemuslimwomen.org/muslimwomen/bio/hajiya_bilkisu/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406061541/http://www.wisemuslimwomen.org/muslimwomen/bio/hajiya_bilkisu|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-04-06|title=Bilkisu Yusuf|work=wisemuslimwomen.org}}</ref>
Ó kọ́kọ́ fẹ́ Alhaji Sanusi Ciroma Yusuf, ẹni tí ó padà di Adájọ́ Àgbà fún Ìpínlẹ̀.<ref name=dailytrustobit>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/opinion/obituary-hajiya-bilkisu-mni-1952-2015/114026.html|title=Obituary: Hajiya Bilkisu, mni (1952-2015)|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|access-date=2015-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015232101/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/opinion/obituary-hajiya-bilkisu-mni-1952-2015/114026.html|archive-date=2015-10-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wọ́n bí ọmọ méjì, ọkùnrin kan tí ń jẹ́ Moshood Sanusi Yusuf àti obìnrin kan tí ń jẹ́ Nana Fatima.<ref name=nationalassignment /><ref name=toogoodtobetrue /> Wọ́n padà kọ ara wọn.<ref name=toogoodtobetrue /> Ọkọ rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ yìí kú ní ẹni ọdún mẹ́tàléláàádọ́rin (73).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://libertyradiokaduna.wordpress.com/2012/04/16/kano-emirate-kingmaker-madaki-passes-on-at-73/|title=Kano Emirate Kingmaker, Madaki Passes On At 73.|work=Liberty Radio 91.7fm Kaduna|date=16 April 2012 }}</ref> Ó tún fẹ́ ọkọ kejì, Mustapha Bintube.<ref name=toogoodtobetrue />
Wọ́n fún Hajiya Bilkisu Yusuf ní oyè ẹ̀yẹ náà Hajiya lẹ́yìn tí ó lọ ṣe ìsìn mímọ́ ní [[Mecca]] (Haji ni ti ọkùnrin). Ó kú nígbà tí ó ń sìn gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣáájú àwọn obìnrin fún Àjọ tó ń rí sí ọ̀rọ̀ Hajj lórílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà (National Hajj Commission of Nigeria).<ref name=nationalassignment />
== Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ==
Bilkisu Yusuf ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí oníwèé-ìròyìn fún àwọn ìwé-ìròyìn ''[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]]'' àti ''[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]'' ní Àbújá, Nàìjíríà.<ref name=berkleycenter>{{cite web|url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/people/hajiya-bilkisu-yusuf|title=Hajiya Bilkisu Yusuf|website=Georgetown.edu}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn tí ó padà dé láti Fásitì Wisconsin-Madison, ó di obìnrin àkọ́kọ́ tó jẹ́ olóòtú fún ''Sunday Triumph'', Kánò, láti ọdún 1983 títí di 1987.<ref name=dailytrustobit /><ref name=freemedia>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemedia.at/newssview/article/ipi-mourns-former-board-member-hajiya-bilkisu-yusuf.html|title=International Press Institute: IPI mourns former board member Hajiya Bilkisu Yusuf|author=|website=Freemedia.at|date=September 28, 2015|access-date=2015-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008115100/http://www.freemedia.at/newssview/article/ipi-mourns-former-board-member-hajiya-bilkisu-yusuf.html|archive-date=2015-10-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ó tún di ipò olóòtú mú ní ''New Nigerian'', Kàdúná, ní ọdún 1987 àti ''Citizen Magazine'', Kàdúná, ní ọdún 1990.<ref name=freemedia /> Ó gbajúmọ̀ fún àyọkà rẹ̀ tí àkọlé rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ "Civil Society Watch".<ref name=dailytrust>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/columns/late-bilkisu-yusuf-mni-a-tribute/112568.html|title=Late Bilkisu Yusuf|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|access-date=2015-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015041212/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/columns/late-bilkisu-yusuf-mni-a-tribute/112568.html|archive-date=2015-10-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ó kópa nínú ẹgbẹ́ The Nigeria Association of Women Journalists (NAWOJ),<ref>{{Cite web |title=About NAWOJ – Nigeria Union of Journalists |url=https://nuj.ng/about-us/about-nawoj/ |access-date=2025-01-20 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114204721/https://nuj.ng/about-us/about-nawoj/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> èyí tí ó máa ń kọ́ àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọbìnrin oníwèé-ìròyìn lẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Nàìjíríà.<ref name=thetrentonline>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/nawoj-mourns-bilkisu-yusuf-who-died-in-tragic-mecca-stampede/|title=NAWOJ Mourns Bilkisu Yusuf Who Died In Tragic Mecca Stampede|author=|work=The Trent |date= September 27, 2015}}</ref>
Yusuf jẹ́ olùdámọ̀ràn fún [[President of Nigeria|Ààrẹ Nàìjíríà]] lórí Ọ̀rọ̀ Ilẹ̀ Òkè-òkun.<ref name=wisemuslimwomen /> Ó tún jẹ́ gbajúgbajà ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ àwọn obìnrin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-09-29/lost-hajj-stampede-was-pioneering-journalist-who-united-christians-and-muslims|title=Lost in the Hajj stampede was a pioneering journalist who united Christians and Muslims|work=Public Radio International|date=29 September 2015}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ó dá ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àjọ NGO sílẹ̀, bíi Women In Nigeria (WIN), èyí tó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn àjọ ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́-obìnrin tó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]],<ref name=uncova>{{cite web|url=http://uncova.com/my-tribute-to-bilkisu-yusuf|title=My tribute to Bilkisu Yusuf|website=Uncova.com|access-date=2015-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424003655/http://uncova.com/my-tribute-to-bilkisu-yusuf|archive-date=2017-04-24|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=newsdiaryonline>{{cite web|url=http://newsdiaryonline.com/bilkisu-yusuf-legacies-of-a-history-of-winningby-jibrin-ibrahim/|title=Investigations of mega looting must continue, but must be lawful|author=Jibrin Ibrahim|date=20 July 2015|website=Newsdiaryonline.com|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926111536/http://newsdiaryonline.com/bilkisu-yusuf-legacies-of-a-history-of-winningby-jibrin-ibrahim/|archive-date=26 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Federation of Muslim Women's Associations in Nigeria (FOMWAN),<ref name=uncova /><ref name=dailypost>{{Cite news|url=http://dailypost.ng/2015/09/26/mecca-stampede-fomwan-mourns-norths-first-female-editor-bilkisu-yusuf/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Mecca stampede: FOMWAN mourns North's first female editor, Bilkisu Yusuf – DailyPost Nigeria|date=September 26, 2015|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> Nigerian Interfaith Action Association Against Malaria (NIFAAM),<ref name=berkleycenter /> àti Health Reform Foundation of Nigeria (HERFON).<ref name=berkleycenter /> Ó jẹ́ olùdarí àgbà fún [[Advocacy]] Nigeria.<ref name=dailyindependentnig /> Ó tún kópa nínú ìpolongo [[Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping|Bring Back Our Girls]], èyí tó wà fún kíkíyèsí kí wọ́n dá àwọn ọmọbìnrin Chibok padà láyọ̀.
== Ikú rẹ̀ ==
{{Main|2015 Mina stampede}}
[[Stampede|Ìtẹ̀pa]] kan ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìkóríta kan ní Mina, Saudi Arabia ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún Oṣù Kẹ̀sán ọdún 2015, ní nǹkan bí aago mẹ́sàn-án òwúrọ̀. Àwọn èrò náà ń lọ láti Muzdalifah sí Jaramat, níbi tí àwọn alárìn-àjò ẹ̀sìn yóò ti sọ òkúta lu àwọn òpó láti dúró fún sísọ òkúta lu Èṣù lákòókò Hajj.<ref name=nytimes>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/09/24/world/middleeast/mecca-mina-stampede-hajj-maps.html?_r=0|title=How the Hajj Stampede Unfolded|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 25, 2015}}</ref> Láti ibẹ̀ ni wọn yóò ti darí sí Mọ́ṣáláṣí Ńlá (Grand Mosque) ní Mecca. Wọ́n tẹ àwọn alárìn-àjò ẹ̀sìn tó lé ní ẹgbẹ̀rún méjì (2,000) pa nínú ìtẹ̀pa náà, tí ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó igba (200) nínú wọn tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà.<ref name=reutersdeathtoll>{{cite news|title=Death toll in Saudi haj disaster at least 2,070: Reuters tally|first=Raissa|last=Kasolowsky|newspaper=Reuters|date=October 29, 2015|access-date=November 26, 2015|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-haj-idUSKCN0SN2F020151029|archive-date=November 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033446/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/29/us-saudi-haj-idUSKCN0SN2F020151029|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=wpdeathtoll>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/saudi-arabia-hajj-disaster-death-toll-at-least-2177/2015/10/19/8dce4826-76dc-11e5-a5e2-40d6b2ad18dd_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021121440/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/saudi-arabia-hajj-disaster-death-toll-at-least-2177/2015/10/19/8dce4826-76dc-11e5-a5e2-40d6b2ad18dd_story.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 October 2015|title=Saudi Arabia hajj disaster death toll at least 2,177|author=Jon Gambrell - AP|date=19 October 2015|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Wọ́n rí òkú Bilkisu Yusuf lára àwọn tí ìtẹ̀pa náà pa.<ref name=thisdaylive>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/saudi-tragedy-hajj-commission-identifies-30-dead-nigerians/221209/|title=Saudi Tragedy: Hajj Commission Identifies 30 Dead Nigerians|newspaper=[[This Day]]|date=September 26, 2015|access-date=October 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016161748/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/saudi-tragedy-hajj-commission-identifies-30-dead-nigerians/221209/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=dead|archivedate=October 16, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016161748/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/saudi-tragedy-hajj-commission-identifies-30-dead-nigerians/221209/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Àwọn gbajúmọ̀ ọmọ Nàìjíríà mìíràn tí wọ́n tẹ́pa nínú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà pẹ̀lú Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Tijjani El-Miskin.<ref name=president>{{cite web|url=http://datelinenews.com.ng/buhari-laments-death-of-bilkisu-yusufother-pilgrims/|title=Buhari laments death of Bilkisu Yusuf,other pilgrims|work=Dateline News – Nigeria Online News – Nigeria Breaking News|access-date=2015-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090333/http://datelinenews.com.ng/buhari-laments-death-of-bilkisu-yusufother-pilgrims/|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Àwọn Ìdáhùn ==
Ọ́fíìsì Ààrẹ Nàìjíríà [[Muhammadu Buhari]] gbé ìkéde yìí jáde lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìtẹ̀pa náà: "Ààrẹ Buhari kẹ́dùn pẹ̀lú Àjọ Àwọn Olóòtú (Nigerian Guild of Editors) àti Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Oníwèé-ìròyìn Nàìjíríà (Nigerian Union of Journalists) lórí ikú àìtọ́jọ́ Hajiya Bilkisu, obìnrin títóbi, olùyàsímímọ́, onímọ̀, ẹni tí a fọkàntán, tí a bọ̀wọ̀ fún, olóòtú àti [[columnist|akọròyìn]] tó tayọ, ẹni tí, kódà nínú ikú, yóò ṣì jẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe dídán fún àwọn oníwèé-ìròyìn, nínú àti níta Nàìjíríà."<ref name=dailyindependentnig /><ref name=president />
Jibrin Ibrahim, olùdarí fún [[Centre for Democracy and Development]] ṣàpèjúwe Yusuf gẹ́gẹ́ bí "ènìyàn rere, alágbàwí, oníwèé-ìròyìn, olùkópọ̀-ènìyàn àti lékè gbogbo rẹ̀ Mùsùlùmí olùfọkànsìn, ẹni tó kú lẹ́nu isẹ́ sísìn Ọlọ́run."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://realnewsmagazine.net/passage/exit-of-journalism-icon-bilkisu-yusuf/|title=Exit of Journalism Icon, Bilkisu Yusuf|author=|work=Realnews Magazine|date=25 September 2015 }}</ref>
Dókítà [[Oby Ezekwesili]], olùdarí [[Bring Back Our Girls]] àti Mínísítà fún ètò ẹ̀kọ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà sọ pé, "Bilkisu jà fún ẹ̀kọ́ ọmọdé ní gbogbo ayé rẹ̀. Kò yẹ̀ nínú ìgbèjà rẹ̀. Kò rẹ̀ ẹ́ rí títí tí àkókò fi tó fún un láti lọ. A ń ṣayẹyẹ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ńlá arábìnrin wa. Inú wa dùn pé ó jẹ́ apá kan ìdílé wa títẹ̀síwájú."<ref name=bbog>{{Cite web |url=http://leadership.ng/chibokgirls/464035/bbog-group-mourns-hajiya-bilkisu-yusuf |title=BBOG Group Mourns Hajiya Bilkisu Yusuf | Nigerian News from Leadership News |access-date=2015-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103013014/http://www.leadership.ng/chibokgirls/464035/bbog-group-mourns-hajiya-bilkisu-yusuf |archive-date=2015-11-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=realnewsmagazine />
Aliyu Muktar, olóòtú tẹ́lẹ̀ ní ìwé-ìròyìn Triumph tó ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Yusuf, sọ pé, "Ó jẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe fún mi; obìnrin tó mọ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ dáadáa, tó máa ń kọjá àfiyèsí tí kò sì gbé ara rẹ̀ ga. Ẹ mọ̀, ó láyà, ó jẹ́ olóòótọ́, ó sì máa ń jà fún àwọn tí a rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà gbogbo. Ẹ tún mọ ìtàn rẹ̀; Hajia jẹ́ ẹni tí kò gbà fún àìṣódodo rárá níbikíbi."<ref name=realnewsmagazine>{{cite web|url=http://realnewsmagazine.net/passage/exit-of-journalism-icon-bilkisu-yusuf/|title=Exit of Journalism Icon, Bilkisu Yusuf|author=|work=Realnews Magazine |date=October 5, 2015}}</ref>
== Nínú àṣà ==
Bilkisu Yusuf wà lára àwọn oníwèé-ìròyìn méjìlélógójì (42) tí wọ́n fọ̀rọ̀ wá lẹ́nu wò fún ìwé-ìkàwé ''Nigerian Journalism'' tí Mike Awoyinfa àti Dimgba Igwe kọ.<ref name=toogoodtobetrue />
== Ẹ tún wo ==
* [[Hausa people|Àwọn Hausa]]
* [[Incidents during the Hajj|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ lásìkò Hajj]]
* [[Women in Nigeria|Àwọn obìnrin ní Nàìjíríà]]
== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yusuf, Bilkisu}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Ahmadu Bello University alumni]]
[[Category:Moscow State Institute of International Relations alumni]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Hausa people]]
[[Category:Proponents of Islamic feminism]]
[[Category:Nigerian columnists]]
[[Category:Nigerian feminists]]
[[Category:Nigerian newspaper journalists]]
[[Category:Nigerian women activists]]
[[Category:Nigerian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Nigerian women newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Nigerian women columnists]]
[[Category:Yoruba journalists]]
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{{Infobox person|name=Femi D Amele|image=Femi D.png|birth_date=November 14, 1983|nationality=Nigerian|occupation=[[Nigerian]] broadcaster and multimedia [[journalist]].|awards=Nominated for Climate Change TV Award in 2010.Economic Power Award 2015.Guardian, Beacon of Literacy Award 2015.}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Amele Adefemi Olubunmi D.''' (a bíi ní Ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù Kẹ̀wá), tí gbogbo ènìyàn mọ sí '''Femi D''', ó jé olugbohunsafefe Rédíò àti TV lorile-ede [[Nàìjíríà]], alagbasọ ọrọ, olupilẹṣẹ ayélujára, ati oniroyin òṣèlú.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://me.nigerianbroadcastersmeritawards.com/profile/137/|title=Femi D Amele on Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards Broadcasters Database|website=me.nigerianbroadcastersmeritawards.com|access-date=2023-03-27|archive-date=2017-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406021010/http://me.nigerianbroadcastersmeritawards.com/profile/137/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Awọn kókó ọrọ ti ó jíròrò lori awọn ètò rẹ jẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè ètò imulo orilẹ-ede, ọrọ-ajé mikro, ìṣàkóso ìjọba, àti àwọn ọran àgbáyé. Ni ọdun 2020, ó wá àwọn ọgọ́rùn-ún ènìyàn oniroyin oke ti ọdun nipasẹ ''YNaija''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Omoruyi |first=Omoleye |date=2020-05-22 |title=The Media 100 2020 list, the culture curators, the fourth estate |url=https://ynaija.com/media100-toolz-fisayo-soyombo-luvvie-ajayi-jones-abdulbaki-jari-see-the-100-most-influential-culture-curators/ |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Igbesiaye ==
[[Fáìlì:Femi_D_Amele.jpg|left|thumb| Femi D Amele ni ile ise igbohunsafefe]]
A bi Amele ni ojo kerinla osu kokanla odun 1983 ni [[Nàìjíríà|orile-ede Naijiria]] o si ni ife si igbohunsafefe ni omo odun merinla. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùgbàlejò fún ilé iṣẹ́ rédíò UNIZIK FM ti [[Yunifásítì Nnamdi Azikiwe]] lórí ètò kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní ''International Affairs'' . Ifihan ifọrọwerọ akọkọ rẹ ti debuted ni ọdun 2010 ni ile-iṣẹ redio kan ni [[Awka]] ati dojukọ lori iṣelu ti orilẹ-ede ati ti kariaye nipasẹ asọye tirẹ ati awọn ipe olutẹtisi. Ni ọdun kanna, o fun un ni ẹbun UK lati ṣe iwe-ipamọ kan nipa ipa iyipada oju-ọjọ lori [[Èkó|Eko]] ; fiimu rẹ nigbamii ti yan fun Aami Eye TV Iyipada Afefe. Ni 2011, o darapọ mọ Cool FM Nigeria ati iwe irohin ti ko ni bayi ''234Next'' . Lakoko ti o wa ni Cool FM, o ṣe iranlọwọ idasile ati idagbasoke [[Nigeria Info|Alaye Naijiria]], ni bayi nẹtiwọọki ti awọn ibudo redio ọrọ. Amele ti ṣiṣẹ ni 101.9 Jay FM, [[Nigeria Info]], [[Amplified Radio (Nigeria)|Amplified Radio]], ati Galpha Media ni awọn ipo oriṣiriṣi, lati ọdọ oludari eto si alaga igbimọ. O ti gbalejo awọn ifihan deede gẹgẹbi ''Morning Crossfire pẹlu FemiDlive'' (2019, [[Nigeria Info]] and ''Let's Talk with Femi D'' (95.1 Abuja) ati awọn pataki bi ''Ṣetan lati Ṣiṣe Redio'' ṣaaju idibo 2019 . Amele tun jẹ oludasile orin ati ohun elo ifihan ọrọ VibingLive; ọmọ ẹgbẹ igbimọ imọran fun IRead Nigeria Project; o si ti fi ifọrọwanilẹnuwo fun awọn eniyan bii Jerry Gana, Lai Mohammed, Audu Maikori, ati [[2face Idibia|2Baba]] . Lakoko iṣẹ rẹ, o ti kọwe fun ''Opera News Hub'', eyiti o jẹ ipilẹ owo ori ayelujara fun awọn onkọwe ni Nigeria. O tun ti kọwe fun ''Mbele'', ''Legit.ng'', ati ''[[Vanguard]]'' <ref name=":6" /> ati pe o ṣe ọpọlọpọ awọn iwe-ipamọ, pẹlu ''Ohunkohun Fun Wa'' nipa ẹbun ijọba ati ibajẹ ni Nigeria (pẹlu atilẹyin ti YIAGA Africa ati MacArthur Foundation ati ''High and Dry'' about). ilokulo oogun. Paapaa olubori ti [https://nigeriahealthwatch.com/the-2nd-preventepidemicsnaija-journalism-fellowship/ Nigeria Health Watch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005085211/https://nigeriahealthwatch.com/the-2nd-preventepidemicsnaija-journalism-fellowship/ |date=2022-10-05 }} ati awọn olugba ti 2nd #PreventEpidemicsNaija Journalism Fellowship.
Amele jẹ́ akíkanjú ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ #NotTooYoungToRun, èyí tí ó ṣé àgbè fún ìwé-àṣẹ láti dínkù ọjọ-ori tí ó yẹ fún ìdìbò Aláṣẹ [[Nàìjíríà]]. Ó kọ ìwé, ó sì sọ àsọyé ìwé-pamọ ''Young Lawmakers Credit 'Not Too Young To Run' Law For their Emergence'' ni ifowosowopo pẹ̀lú YIAGA Africa; ṣe ''Ti nkọju si Idibo Ifẹ si ni Awọn idibo'' niwaju idibo 2019 ; o si ṣe ''Bawo ni Awọn ọdọ ṣe Gbadun ni Idije ni Awọn Idibo 2019'', eyiti o gbejade lori [[Channels TV|Awọn ikanni TV]] . Pẹlu atilẹyin ti YIAGA Africa ati [[Ìṣọ̀kan Europe|European Union]], o ṣajọpọ ''Ṣetan lati Ṣiṣe Redio'' lori Alaye [[Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]], tun ṣaaju idibo 2019. O tun ti ṣe awọn iṣẹ ohun fun Igbimọ Idibo ti Orilẹ-ede olominira .
== Idanimọ ==
* Olubori, Ipilẹ Ẹkọ Media Fellowship 2022
* Aṣepari, Olugbejade Idaraya ti Odun ( [[Nigeria Radio Awards|Awọn ẹbun Redio Nigeria]], 2011) <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|archivedate=2014-12-18}}</ref>
* Olùborí, Ènìyàn ti Odun ( [[Yunifásítì Báyéró|University Bayero]], 2012)
* Ayanfẹ, Olufihan ti Odun ( [[Sports Writers Association of Nigeria|Esport Writers Association of Nigeria]], 2014)
* Winner, Oludari to dara julọ (HD Fiimu Iwe afọwọkọ si Awọn ẹbun Iboju, 2014)
* Olùborí, Beacon of Literacy Eye (iRead Nigeria Project, 2015)
* Olùborí, Eye Agbara Aje (2015)
* Olùborí, Eye National Dream Personality Eye ( [[Ministry Of Youth and Sports (Nigeria)|Ministry of Youth and Sports]] and Nigeria Rebirth, 2016)
* Olubori, Eniyan Lori-Afẹfẹ Ti o dara julọ ( Aami Eye Awọn Olugbohunsafefe Naijiria, 2016)
* Aṣepari, Eniyan Lori-Afẹfẹ ti o dara julọ ( [[Who Is Who Awards (Nigeria)|Ta ni Awọn ẹbun]], ọdun 2017)
* Aṣoju fun Iyipada ati Igbagbọ ti Awọn ẹtọ Eda Eniyan (Imudara Iṣe Awọn agbegbe fun Alaafia ati Ilera Dara julọ, 2018)
* Aṣoju Iyipada Kilasi Agbaye Olola fun Alaafia ati Eda Eniyan
* Omo egbe ola ati asoju ti [[Youth Education and Leadership Initiative|Ẹkọ ọdọ ati Initiative Leadership]]
== Àwọn itọkasi ==
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
== Ita ìjápọ ==
Media related to Femi D Amele at Wikimedia Commons
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1983]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn oníròyìn ará Nàìjíríà]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
s52zc7witmwks466ozv3o6b69dnqdcc
Audu bako ilé ìwé nina àgbà ìgbàlódé
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'''Ilé ìwé Audu Bako''' ti [[Dambatta]], {{Short description|[[Kano State]], [[Nigeria]], ṣe Awards diplomas ni imọ ati iṣẹ-ṣiṣe koko fun arin-ipele eniyan. Orukọ rẹ ni orukọ [[Audu Bako]] gomina tẹlẹ ti ipinlẹ naa.}}
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501081940/ |title=Title of the Page |website=Name of the Website |access-date=September 11, 2023}}</ref>
== Ọdun 2002 ni wọn ti da kọlẹji naa silẹ ati pe ipinlẹ Kano jẹ ohun ini ati ti iṣakoso. O jẹ ifọwọsi lati funni ni awọn iṣẹ ikẹkọ ni iṣẹ-ogbin ati imọ-ẹrọ ti o jọmọ, ati iṣẹ-tẹlẹ-ND ni Imọ-ẹrọ ati Imọ-ẹrọ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nbte.gov.ng/downloads/ACCREDITATION_STATUS_OF_PROGRAMMES.pdf |title=Accreditation Status of Programmes |website=National Board for Technical Education |access-date=September 11, 2023 |archive-date=September 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920212241/http://nbte.gov.ng/downloads/ACCREDITATION_STATUS_OF_PROGRAMMES.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Ni ọdun 2005 kọlẹji naa ni awọn ọmọ ile-iwe to ju 400 lọ. Ni ọdun 2023, kọlẹji naa ni oṣiṣẹ to ju 300 lọ, o funni ni awọn iṣẹ ikẹkọ 500 ati ju awọn eto 50 lọ. O tun ni awọn ẹka 12.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.abcoad.edu.ng/ |title=Audu Bako College of Agriculture |website=Audu Bako College of Agriculture |access-date=September 11, 2023}}</ref>
==
Ni Oṣu kọkanla ọdun 2006, o wa laarin nọmba awọn imọ-ẹrọ imọ-ẹrọ pupọ fun eyiti Igbimọ Orilẹ-ede fun Ẹkọ Imọ-ẹrọ daduro gbigba awọn ọmọ ile-iwe duro fun boya kuna lati ni aabo iwe-aṣẹ tabi ṣiṣiṣẹ ofin.
== Fakotii ==
Kọlẹji ti Agriculture lọwọlọwọ ni ẹka kan ṣoṣo (Ẹka ti Agriculture) pẹlu awọn eto mẹrin nikan. Awọn eto wọnyi pẹlu imọ-ẹrọ / imọ-ẹrọ, imọ-ẹrọ ogbin, ilera ẹranko ati imọ-ẹrọ iṣelọpọ ati imọ-ẹrọ igbo. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scholarsafrik.com/audu-bako-college-of-agriculture-courses-requirements/ |title=Audu Bako College of Agriculture Courses & Requirements |website=Scholars Afrik |access-date=September 11, 2023 |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201193904/http://www.scholarsafrik.com/audu-bako-college-of-agriculture-courses-requirements/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
== ẸKA ==
Gẹgẹbi oju opo wẹẹbu osise rẹ, ile-iwe naa ni awọn apa Mejila
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://9japolytv.com/lists-of-the-courses-offered-in-audu-bako-college-of-agriculture-danbatta-abcoad-and-their-school-fees/ |title=Lists of the Courses Offered in Audu Bako College of Agriculture, Danbatta (ABCOAD) and Their School Fees |website=9japolytv |access-date=September 11, 2023 |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818173604/https://9japolytv.com/lists-of-the-courses-offered-in-audu-bako-college-of-agriculture-danbatta-abcoad-and-their-school-fees/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.abcoad.edu.ng/departments |title=Departments |website=Audu Bako College of Agriculture |access-date=September 11, 2023}}</ref>
#iṣakoso kokoro,
#Iṣelọpọ Irugbin ìgbàlódé
#Awọn ifaagun ogbin àti amojuto
#Imọ-ẹrọ igbo
#Imọ-ẹrọ Àgbè Ayika,
#Ẹkọ àtúnṣe àti gbogbo n'isẹ
8tmb817nvjner58hbsroan482rgaxqu
Gaia Zucchi
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{{Infobox actor
| image = Gaia Zucchi with ring.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name = Gaia Zucchi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|03|27}}
| birth_place = [[Rómù]], [[Itálíà]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1989–present
| spouse =
}}
'''Gaia Zucchi''' (ojoibi March 27, 1970) je [[actor|osere]] ara [[Itálíà]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.corrieredellospettacolo.com/2012/01/gaia-zucchi-lamore-per-la-recitazione.html |title=Gaia Zucchi. L'amore per la recitazione di un'attrice psicologa |publisher=corrieredellospettacolo.com |accessdate=17 September 2023 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918083858/http://www.corrieredellospettacolo.com/2012/01/gaia-zucchi-lamore-per-la-recitazione.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/gaia-zucchi-morte-madre-motivo.html |title=La denuncia dell'attrice Gaia Zucchi: "Mia madre è morta dopo una biopsia tra atroci sofferenze" |author=Redazione |date=10 June 2021 |publisher=napolitoday.it|accessdate=17 September 2023 |language=Italian}}</ref>
== Filmografy ==
* ''Plagio'' (1989), dir. Cinzia TH Torrini
* ''Nessuno mi crede'' (1992), dir. Anna Carlucci
* ''Est'' (1993) (short), dir. F. Brizzi
* ''Caso Banderbit'' (1994) (short), dir. N. Nimica
* ''Muccino Muccina'' (1994) (short), dir. G. Petitto
* ''Peggio di così si muore'' (1995), dir. Marcello Cesena
* ''[[Fermo posta Tinto Brass]]'' (1995), dir. [[Tinto Brass]]
* ''[[Bits and Pieces (1996 film)|Bits and Pieces]]'' (1996), dir. [[Antonello Grimaldi]]
* ''Il tocco: la sfida'' (1997), dir. Enrico Coletti
* ''I volontari'' (1998), dir. D. Costanzo
* ''[[Forever (2003 film)|Per sempre]]'' (2003), dir. [[Alessandro Di Robilant]]
* ''Carrozzelle felici'' (2003) (short), dir. Walter Garibaldi
* ''Rabbia in pugno'' (2012), dir. Stefano Calvagna
* ''Come un fiore'' (2023) (short), dir. [[Benedicta Boccoli]]
* ''Jerry e Tom'' (2023), dir. Gianluca Ansanelli
== Tíátà ==
* ''La crisi del teatro'' (1994), dir. A. Corsini
* ''Marasade'' (1996), dir. M. Garroni
* ''Voglia matta - anni 60'' (1995 - 1997), dir. A. Corsini
* ''Gente soprattutto matta'' (1997), dir. D. Formica
* ''Voglia matta - anni 50'' (1998), dir. A. Corsini
* ''Voglia matta di Roma'' (1999), dir. A. Corsini
* ''[[La bottega del caffè (Goldoni)|La bottega del caffè]]'' (2000), dir. M. Belli
* ''La giornata d'uno scrutatore'' (2003), dir. [[Luca Ronconi]]
== Iwe ==
* ''La vicina di Zeffirelli''; De Nigris Editori, Napoli, Italy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gazzettadimilano.it/cultura/la-vicina-di-zeffirelli-lautobiografia-dellattrice-gaia-zucchi-raccontata-attraverso-lamicizia-con-il-famoso-regista/ |title=La vicina di Zeffirelli: l’autobiografia dell’attrice Gaia Zucchi raccontata attraverso l’amicizia con il famoso regista. |author=Redazione |date=27 February 2023 |publisher=gazzettadimilano.it |accessdate=17 September 2023 |language=Italian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livingcesenatico.it/2023/07/26/la-vicina-di-zeffirelli-a-cesenatico-gaia-zucchi-si-racconta/ |title=“La vicina di Zeffirelli” a Cesenatico: Gaia Zucchi si racconta. |author=Federica Gualdani |date=26 July 2023 |publisher=livingcesenatico.it |accessdate=17 September 2023 |language=Italian}}</ref>
== Itokasi ==
{{reflist}}
== Web ==
* [https://www.gaiazucchi.it/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925171037/https://www.gaiazucchi.it/ |date=2023-09-25 }}
{{ekunrere}}
{{Commonscat|Gaia Zucchi}}
{{igbesiaye|1970||Zucchi, Gaia}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn òṣeré]]
7zbfvj5z4w09791dsbxmvarx5b5y9kl
Federal College of Education (Pataki), Oyo
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'''Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Federal ti Ẹkọ (Pataki), Oyo ti a tun mọ si FCES [[Oyo State|OYO]]''' ti dasilẹ ni Oṣu Kẹwa Ọjọ 5, Ọdun 1977, gẹgẹbi kọlẹji Olukọni Ilọsiwaju ti Federal (Pataki).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=https://fcesoyo.edu.ng/about-us/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |archive-date=2021-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020185346/https://fcesoyo.edu.ng/about-us/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/colleges-of-education-in-nigeria/</ref> Ile-ẹkọ naa, ni ibamu si ijabọ UNDP/UNESCO 1996 (NIR/87/008) “..Ni oṣiṣẹ ti o ni oye to dara julọ ni Ẹkọ Pataki kii ṣe ni Naijiria nikan ṣugbọn ni Iwọ-oorun, Ariwa, Ila-oorun ati Central Africa.”<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=https://fcesoyo.edu.ng/Mission.aspx |access-date=2023-12-19 |archive-date=2020-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512080022/https://fcesoyo.edu.ng/Mission.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref> The Kọlẹji nikan ni iru rẹ ni Nigeria ati iha isale asale Sahara. O ni apejọpọ ti o tobi julọ ti awọn ọmọ ile-iwe alaabo ti o le rii ni eyikeyi Ile-ẹkọ giga giga ni Nigeria ati ifọkansi ti o tobi julọ ti awọn ohun elo amọja fun ikọni ati ikẹkọ awọn olukọ ti Alaabo ni Nigeria.<ref name=":0" /> Lakoko ayẹyẹ ọdun 40 rẹ, kọlẹji naa fun Aarẹ tẹlẹri Oluṣẹgun Ọbasanjọ ti iṣakoso ologun ti mu igbegasoke Ile-ẹkọ giga lati Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Federal Advanced Teachers College si Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Ẹkọ pẹlu aṣẹ lati fun ni ijẹrisi eto-ẹkọ ti orilẹ-ede ni Ọdun 1977.<ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/fce-special-oyo-honour-obasanjo-others-marks-40/</ref> Ile-ẹkọ naa jẹ inawo ati iṣakoso [[Ìṣèlú ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà|ijọba Federal ti Nigeria]] mi, o funni ni awọn iṣẹ akoko ni kikun ni [[Tẹknọ́lọ́jì|Imọ-ẹrọ]], [[Sáyẹ́nsì|Imọ-jinlẹ]], Iṣẹ ọna, Isakoso ati [[Àwọn sáyẹ́nsì àwùjọ|Awọn imọ-jinlẹ awujọ]] .<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/colleges/Federal-College-of-Education-Oyo.php</ref>
[[Category:Articles using infobox university]]
== Awọn ile-iwe ==
# Ile-iwe ti Ẹkọ Atẹle - Iṣẹ ọna & [[Àwọn sáyẹ́nsì àwùjọ|Awọn sáyẹnsì Awujọ]]
# Ile-iwe ti Ẹkọ Gbogbogbo
# Ile-iwe ti Ẹkọ Atẹle - [[Èdè|Awọn ede]]
# Ile-iwe ti Ẹkọ Atẹle - Awọn eto Imọ-jinlẹ
# Ile-iwe ti Ẹkọ Pataki
# Ile-iwe ti Ẹkọ Atẹle - Iṣẹ-iṣe & Ẹkọ Imọ-ẹrọ
# Ile-iwe ti Itọju Ọmọde Ibẹrẹ, Alakoko ati Agbalagba & Ẹkọ Ti kii ṣe Lodo
# ile-iwe ti Gbogbogbo Studies Education
== Awọn iṣẹ ikẹkọ ==
Awọn iṣẹ ikẹkọ ti ile-ẹkọ naa funni ni atokọ ni isalẹ;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=https://www.allschool.com.ng/federal-college-of-education-oyo-courses-requirements/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212953/https://www.allschool.com.ng/federal-college-of-education-oyo-courses-requirements/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fceoyo-courses/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |archive-date=2021-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603080749/https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fceoyo-courses/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
# Awọn ẹkọ ẹkọ alakọbẹrẹ
# Ẹkọ ati [[Mathimátíkì|Iṣiro]]
# Special Education / Agricultural Science
# Special Education/ Economics
# Ẹkọ Pataki / Awọn ẹkọ Awujọ
# Ẹ̀kọ́ Àkànṣe/ Ẹ̀kọ́ Ẹ̀sìn Kristẹni
# Ẹkọ Pataki / Awọn ẹkọ Islam
# Ẹkọ Pataki / [[Jẹ́ọ́gráfì|Geography]]
# Ẹkọ Pataki / isedale
# Ẹkọ Pataki / [[Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì|English]]
# Ẹkọ Pataki/ Agbalagba ati Ẹkọ Ti kii ṣe Lodo
# [[Ìtàn|Itan]] -akọọlẹ (pataki meji)
# [[Físíksì|fisiksi]] (pataki meji)
# Asa ati iṣẹ ọna ẹda (Ilọpo meji)
# Ẹkọ Pataki / Aje Ile
# Ẹkọ Pataki/ Imọ iselu
# pataki Education / Music
# Eko Pataki/ [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yoruba]]
# Special Education/ [[Tíátà|Theatre Art]]
# [[Ìtàn|Itan]]
# Special Education / Business Education
# Special Education/ [[Ìfitónilétí|Computer Imọ]]
# Ẹkọ Pataki / [[Èdè Lárúbáwá|Larubawa]]
# Ẹ̀kọ́ Àkànṣe/ Iṣẹ́ Àtàtà ( D/M )
# Ẹkọ Pataki / [[Èdè Faransé|Faranse]]
# Ẹkọ Pataki / [[Èdè Haúsá|Hausa]]
# Eko Pataki/ [[Àwọn ọmọ Ígbò|Igbo]]
# Ẹkọ Pataki / Ẹkọ ti ara ati Ilera
# Ẹ̀kọ́ Àkànṣe/ Ẹ̀kọ́ Ìtọ́jú Ọ̀dọ́ Tètè
Ile-ẹkọ naa tun so awọn ọmọ ile-iwe pọ si awọn aaye iṣẹ fun nini iriri ilowo nipasẹ Eto Iriri Iṣẹ Iṣẹ Ọmọ ile-iwe (SIWES) eto.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=https://siwesbeginner.com/siwes-participating-fcoe/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |archive-date=2024-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424192001/https://siwesbeginner.com/siwes-participating-fcoe/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
== The Provost ==
Ni ọjọ keje, oṣu Keje, ọdun 2023, kọlẹji naa yan Dokita Rauf Ademola Salami gẹgẹ bi agbero pataki keje rẹ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=https://archive.businessday.ng/breaking-news/article/buhari-approves-appointment-of-new-provost-for-federal-college-of-education-oyo/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |archive-date=2025-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217180359/https://archive.businessday.ng/breaking-news/article/buhari-approves-appointment-of-new-provost-for-federal-college-of-education-oyo/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
== Awọn ibeere Gbigbawọle ==
Awọn oludije ti n wa gbigba wọle si Federal College of Education (Pataki), [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́|Oyo]] gbọdọ ni o kere ju awọn iwe-ẹri marun marun ni WAEC, NECO ati Koko-ọrọ NABTEB ti o wa pẹlu mathimatiki, ede Gẹẹsi ati eyikeyi koko-ọrọ 3 miiran ti o yẹ ati pe o gbọdọ ti yan Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo gẹgẹbi yiyan akọkọ ni Jamb Utme ati Dimegilio loke 100 ni Idanwo Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Iṣọkan (UTME).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=https://nce.fcesoyo.edu.ng/(S(nag4ac3fdnncvyaxkfqybyyl))/Post_UTME2023/APPLICATION/default.aspx |access-date=2023-12-19 |archive-date=2023-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208083753/https://nce.fcesoyo.edu.ng/(S(nag4ac3fdnncvyaxkfqybyyl))/Post_UTME2023/APPLICATION/default.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/fce-special-oyo-post-utme-form-out/</ref>
== Dagbaa igbesoke lati kọlẹẹjì ==
Ogbontarigi agba ile iwe giga tele ni won fi ifọrọwanilẹnuwo sọ pe o yẹ ki wọn gbega si ile-ẹkọ giga ti o n funni ni oye kọlẹji ni ẹkọ pataki, pe yoo jẹ akọkọ ni Naijiria.<ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/?p=709473</ref>
== Awọn itọkasi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Ita ìjápọ ==
* [http://www.fcesoyo.edu.ng www.fcesoyo.edu.ng]
{{Authority control}}
6syxwn01qkmt8mx10s4nhud8tbotxr0
Jace Norman
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{{Infobox person|name=Jace Norman|image=Jace Norman 2018.png|caption=Norman in 2018|birth_name=Jace Lee Norman|birth_date={{birth date and age|2000|3|21}}|birth_place=[[Corrales, New Mexico]], U.S.|occupation=Actor|years_active=2012–present}}
'''Jace Lee Norman''' (tí a bí ní March 21, 2000) jẹ́ òṣèré Améríkà kan. Ó ṣe olú ẹ̀dá Henry Hart nínú jara tẹlifísọ́nù [[Nickelodeon]] ''Henry Danger'' láti ọdún 2014 sí 2020.
== Ìgbésí ayé ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Jace Lee Norman ni a bí ní Corrales, New Mexico ní Oṣù Kẹ́ta Ọjọ́ 21, Ọdún 2000. Ó kó lọ sí Southern California nígbàtí ó wà lọ́mọdún mẹ́jọ. Àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́e rẹ̀ máa ń fi ayé nií lára nítorí ó je ẹni tó ní àìsàn orí dyslexic nígbà àárín ilé-ìwé. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry Danger Actor Jace Norman Uses Dyslexia to His Advantage |url=https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/personal-stories/famous-people/celebrity-spotlight-henry-danger-actor-jace-norman-says-dyslexia-is-his-advantage |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2019-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814224021/https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/personal-stories/famous-people/celebrity-spotlight-henry-danger-actor-jace-norman-says-dyslexia-is-his-advantage |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>[https://www.dyslexicadvantage.org/jace-norman-aka-henry-danger-talks-dyslexia/ JACE NORMAN, aka Henry Danger, Talks Dyslexia | Dyslexia | Dyslexic Advantage]</ref> <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzpB8Ja-30g ‘Henry Danger’ Star Jace Norman Speaks Out On Bullying And Dyslexia | Megyn Kelly TODAY - YouTube]</ref> Ó ní ẹ̀gbọ́n ọmọkùnrin àti ọmọbìnrin kan.
== Iṣẹ́ ==
Norman bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ ní odún 2012 pẹ̀lú ifarahàn lórí jára tẹlifísọ́nù Disney ''Jessie'' . Láti ọdún 2014 sí 2020, ó ṣe ipa aṣíwájú nínú sitcom [[Nickelodeon]] ''Henry Danger'' . Norman jẹ́ olú ẹ̀dá ìtàn Nickelodeon Original Movies, ''splitting Adam'' ní 2015, <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=February 9, 2015}}</ref> àti ''Rufus'' ni 2016; àtẹlẹ̀ sí ìgbẹ́hìn, ''Rufus 2'', tí a tu síta lórí Nickelodeon ní Oṣù Kíni ọdún 2017, pẹ̀lú Norman tí ń ṣe àtúnṣe ipa tí ó ní ipa. ó ní íṣàfihàn fíìmù I'mitage rẹ bi ipa ohun asiwaju ninu fiimu eré ìdárayá ''Spark'', tí a tú sílẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹ́rin ọdún 2017. Ní ọdún 2019, ó ṣàfihàn ni Nickelodeon Original Movie, ''Bixler High Private Eye'', tí ó ṣeré ipa aṣíwájú ti Xander DeWitt. Ní ọdún 2017, 2018, 2019, àti 2020, Norman gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Nickelodeon kids choice award fún favorite Male TV Star. Ó borí Ààmì Ẹ̀yẹ Yíyan Àwọn ọmọ wẹwẹ kàrún ní ọ̀nà kan fun èka kanna ní Kids choice awards ní odún 2021. Láti ọdún 2020, Norman tí jẹ olùpilèsè lórí jára Nickelodeon ''Danger Force'', àti pé ó tun farahàn bi ìràwọ àlejò ní jára yẹn. Ní Oṣù Kíni ọdún 2022, ò tí kédè pé Norman yóò ṣe àtúnṣe ipa rè nínu fíìmù ''Henry Danger'' tí a ṣètò láti tú sìlẹ́ lórí Paramount.
==Àtòjọ àwọn fíìmù rẹ̀==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Àwọn fíìmù orí ẹ̀rọ-amóhùnmáwòrán àti àwọn ipa tó kó
|-
! Ọdún
! Àkọ́lé
! Ojúṣe
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2012
| ''Jessie (2011 TV series)''
| Finch
| Episode: "[[List of Jessie episodes#ep10|Are You Cooler Than a 5th Grader]]"
|-
| 2013
| ''Deadtime Stories (TV series)''
| Student
| Episode: "[[Deadtime Stories (TV series)#ep7|Revenge of the Goblins]]"
|-
| 2013
| ''[[The Thundermans]]''
| Flunky
| Episode: "[[List of The Thundermans episodes#ep8|You Stole My Thunder, Man]]"
|-
| 1982
| Knight Power
| James Jimmy Crystal IV (voice)
| Episode: "Man007 is Back"
|-
| 2014–2020
| ''[[Henry Danger]]''
| [[Henry Hart (Henry Danger)|Henry Hart / Kid Danger]]
| Lead role; also producer for the final 11 episodes
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Splitting Adam (film)|Splitting Adam]]''
| Adam Baker
| Television film
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Webheads]]''
| Himself
| Contestant; episode: "The Henry Danger Celebrity Edition"
|-
| 2015
| ''Nickelodeon's Ho Ho Holiday Special''
| Dilbert Palmero
| Television special
|-
| 2016
| ''Rufus''
| Rufus
| Television film
|-
| 2017
| ''Rufus 2''
| Rufus
| Television film
|-
| 2017
| ''Nickelodeon's Not So Valentine's Special''
| Gilbert Palmero / Detective McTavish
| Television special
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Spark (2016 film)|Spark]]''
| Spark
| Film, voice role
|-
| 2017
| ''Nickelodeon's Sizzling Summer Camp''
| Cooper
| Television special
|-
| 2017
| ''[[The Loud House]]''
| Steak Stankco
| Voice role; episode: "Legends"
|-
| 2018
| ''[[The Adventures of Kid Danger]]''
| Henry / Kid Danger
| Lead voice role
|-
| 2018–2019
| ''[[Game Shakers]]''
| Henry Hart
| Episodes: "Babe Loves Danger", "He's Back"
|-
| 2018
| ''Blurt!''
| Jeremy Martin
| Television film; also co-executive producer
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Bixler High Private Eye]]''
| Xander DeWitt
| Television film; also executive producer
|-
| 2019
| ''[[The Substitute (American TV series)|The Substitute]]''
| Himself
| Episode 1.1
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Bigfoot Family]]''
| Adam
| English dub
|-
| 2020–2023
| ''[[Danger Force]]''
| Henry Hart
| 5 episodes; also producer
|-
| 2021
| ''Golden State''
| Chase Scott
| Unsold TV pilot<ref>{{cite web|url=https://atlantisentertainment.com/news/new-digital-television-series|title='Golden State' Digital Television Pilot|work=Atlantis Entertainment|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920171136/https://atlantisentertainment.com/news/new-digital-television-series|archive-date=September 20, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
==Àmì-ẹ̀yẹ àti yíyàn fún àmì-ẹ̀yẹ ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ọdún
! Àmì-ẹ̀yẹ
! Ìsọ̀rí
! Iṣẹ́
! Èsì
! Ìtọ́kasí
|-
| 2016
| [[2016 Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]]
| [[Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Male TV Star|Favorite Male TV Star – Kids' Show]]
| ''[[Henry Danger]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/kids-choice-awards-2016-complete-list-of-winners-w167038|title=Kids' Choice Awards 2016: Complete List of Winners|work=Us Weekly|last=Hautman|first=Nicholas|date=March 12, 2016|access-date=February 21, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| [[2017 Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]]
| Favorite Male TV Star
| ''Henry Danger''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="KCA2017-win">{{cite web|first=Joi-Marie|last=McKenzie|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/kids-choice-awards-2017-complete-winners-list/story?id=46078549|title=Kids' Choice Awards 2017: The Complete Winners List|work=[[ABC News]]|date=March 12, 2017|access-date=March 12, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| [[2018 Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]]
| Favorite Male TV Star
| ''Henry Danger''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="KCA2018">{{cite web|author=<!-- Staff report -->|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/kids-choice-awards-complete-list-winners-2018-1089562/item/2018-kids-choice-awards-favorite-movie-1087594|title=Kids' Choice Awards: Full List of Winners|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 24, 2018|access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| [[2019 Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]]
| Favorite Male TV Star
| ''Henry Danger''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="KCA2019">{{cite web|first1=Kimberly|last1=Nordyke|first2=Jillian|last2=Forstadt|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/kids-choice-awards-complete-list-winners-2019-1191274|title=Kids' Choice Awards: Full List of Winners|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 23, 2019|access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| [[2020 Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]]
| Favorite Male TV Star
| ''Henry Danger''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="KCA2020">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/05/kids-choice-awards-2020-avengers-end-game-stranger-things-dwayne-johnson-among-winners-1202924098/|title=''Avengers: End Game'', ''Stranger Things'', Dwayne Johnson Among Winners At Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Awards|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Bruce|last=Haring|date=May 2, 2020|access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| [[2021 Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]]
| Favorite Male TV Star
| ''Henry Danger'' & ''[[Danger Force]]''
| {{Won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="KCA2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.etonline.com/2021-kids-choice-awards-the-complete-winners-list-161949|title=2021 Kids' Choice Awards: The Complete Winners List|work=[[Entertainment Tonight]]|first=Liz|last=Calvario|date=March 13, 2021|access-date=March 28, 2021|archive-date=April 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415110723/https://www.etonline.com/2021-kids-choice-awards-the-complete-winners-list-161949|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|}
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
obagxowdtiew54te9atzp89lyttyl6m
Ifunanya Okoro
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{{Infobox basketball biography|name=Ifunanya Okoro|image=|image_size=|caption=|position=Point Guard|height_ft=6|height_in=0|weight_lb=150|league=|team=[[Tindastóll women's basketball]]|number=9|birth_date={{birth date and age|mf=yes|1999|07|06}}|birth_place=[[Arochukwu]], [[Abia State]]|nationality=Nigeria|high_school=|college=|draft_year=|career_start=|career_end=|years1=2016-2018|team1=First Deepwater Basketball Club|years2=2018–2019|team2=First Bank BC|years3=2019|team3=MFM Queens|years4=2022–2022|team4=First Bank BC|years5=2022–2023|team5=Kenya Ports Authority|years6=2023-Present|team6=[[Tindastóll women's basketball]]|highlights=KBF League 2023 - MVP|medaltemplates={{MedalCompetition|[[AfroBasket Women|AfroBasket]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Women's Afrobasket|2023 Rwanda]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[African Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 African Games|2019 Rabat]]|[[3x3 basketball at the 2019 African Games|3x3]]|}}}}''' Ifunanya Okoro''' (tí wọ́n bí ní July 6, 1999) jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù alájùsáwọ̀n ti orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]], tó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù náà fún ẹgbẹ Tindastóll women's basketball àti Nigeria women's national basketball team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ifunanya OKORO|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/player/Ifunanya-Okoro|website=fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023|access-date=8 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ifunanya OKORO|url=https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ifunaya-Okoro/400258?Women=1|website=basketball.eurobasket.com|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref>
== Iṣẹ́ tó yàn láàyò ==
Okoro bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ First Deepwater Basketball ní ọdún 2016. Ní ọdún 2018, ó darapọ̀ mọ́ First Bank BC, ó sì kópa nínú 2018 FIBA Africa Women's Champions Cup, níbi tí ó ti ní 1.4points, àtúnṣe 1.8, àti ìrànlọ́wọ́ 1.2. Ó gba Final 8 Tournament ti Zenith Women Basketball League fún First Bank BC,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nathaniel|first1=Sonnest|title=First Bank, Air Warriors Win At Zenith Bank Women Basketball League National Final 8|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/10/21/first-bank-air-warriors-win-at-zenith-bank-women-basketball-league-national-final-8/|access-date=14 February 2024|agency=newsagency|publisher=Channelstv.com|date=October 21, 2019}}</ref> èyí sì mu kí wọ́n dśrúkọ rẹ̀ mọ́ Zenith Women Basketball League ti ọdún 2019, lára àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù alájùsáwọ̀n márùn-ún tó dára jù lọ.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Igwe|first1=Ignatius|title=Women Basketball League: Air Warriors Emerge 2019 Champions|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/10/25/women-basketball-league-air-warriors-emerge-2019-champions/|access-date=14 February 2024|agency=newsagency|publisher=Channelstv.com|date=October 25, 2019}}</ref> Ní oṣù kejìlá ọdún 2019 ó tọwọ́bọ̀wè pẹ̀lú MFM Queens, ó sì kópa nínú 2019 FIBA Africa Women's Champions Cup níbi tí ó ti ní13.8points, àtúnṣẹ 5, àti ìrànlọ́wọ́ 4.5.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ifunanya OKORO|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/africawomenschampionscup/2019/player/Ifunaya-Okoro|website=fiba.basketball/africawomenschampionscup/2019|access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2022, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù náà fún First Bank BC, ó sì dara pọ̀ mọ́ Kenya Ports Authority of Kenya-Premier League. Ó kópa nínú 2022 FIBA Africa Women's Champions Cup, <ref>{{cite news|last1=Olubulu|first1=Timothy|title=KPA Pick Up Stylish Victory Over Congo's CNSS In Africa Basketball Club Champs|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/sports/2022/12/13/kpa-pick-up-stylish-victory-over-congos-cnss-in-africa-basketball-club-champs/|access-date=14 February 2024|agency=newsagency|publisher=Capitalfm.co.ke|date=December 13, 2022}}</ref> níbi tí ó ti ní 20.9 points, àtúnṣe 4.6 àti ìrànlọ́wọ́ 1.9.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ifunanya OKORO|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/africa/womenschampionscup/2022/player/Ifunaya-Okoro|website=fiba.basketball/africa/womenschampionscup/2022/|access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nigeria's Ifunaya Okoro a joy to watch at Africa Champions Cup Women|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/africa/womenchampionscup/2022/news/nigerias-ifunaya-okoro-a-joy-to-watch-at-africa-champions-cup-women|website=fiba.basketball/africa/womenchampionscup/2022/news|access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bajela|first1=Ebenezer|title=Kenyans bank on Okoro to reach African b'ball semis|url=https://punchng.com/kenyans-bank-on-okoro-to-reach-african-bball-semis/|access-date=12 February 2024|agency=newsagency|publisher=Punchng.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Onyango|first1=Washington|title=KPA thump DR Congo's CNSS to reach FIBA Africa Cup quarters|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/living/article/2001463178/kpa-thump-dr-congos-cnss-to-reach-fiba-africa-cup-quarters|access-date=14 February 2024|agency=newsagency|publisher=standardmedia.co.ke|date=December 13, 2022}}</ref> Bákan náà ni ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára 5 player All-Star team Selection ti 8 day Tournament.<ref>{{cite web|title=MVP Hagar Amer highlights 2022 Africa Champions Cup Women All-Star Team|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/africa/womenchampionscup/2022/news/mvp-hagar-amer-highlights-2022-africa-champions-cup-women-allstar-team|website=fiba.basketball/africa/womenchampionscup/2022/news|access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref> Wọ́n pè é ní agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó ṣọ̀wọ́n jù lọ ní 2023 Kenyan Basketball Federation (KBF) Premier League, ní ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ẹgbẹ́ náà.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Onyango|first1=Washington|title=Okoro's magical hands that leave fans yearning for more|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/basketball/article/2001474615/okoros-magical-hands-that-leave-fans-yearning-for-more|access-date=14 February 2024|agency=newsagency|publisher=standardmedia.co.ke|date=July 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ifunaya Okoro|url=https://www.basketball24.com/player/okoro-ifunaya/hzgKiI9s/|website=basketball24.com|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=14 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214095653/https://www.basketball24.com/player/okoro-ifunaya/hzgKiI9s/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Ó dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbé Tindastóll women's basketball, èyí tó jẹ́ ẹ̀ka ti ẹgbẹ́ Ungmennafélagið Tindastóll, tó sì wà ní Sauðárkrókur, Iceland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ifunanya OKORO|url=https://www.flash-agency.net/our-clients/basketball/female-players/ifunaya-okoro.html|website=flash-agency.net|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=U.M.F. TINDASTOLL|url=https://basketball.eurobasket.com/team/UMF-Tindastoll/8155?Women=1|website=basketball.eurobasket.com|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{igbesiaye|1999||Okoro, Ifunanya}}
gh3fhws2asdpi0fi4lxxvcwgpxxfl9w
Hayat al-Sahaba
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{{Infobox book|name=Hayat al-Sahaba|image=Cover of Hayat al-Sahaba.png|caption=English cover|author=[[Yusuf Kandhlawi]]|title_orig=حياة الصحابة|orig_lang_code=ar|country=India|language=Arabic|subject=[[Companions of the Prophet]]|genre=[[Biography]]|pub_date=1959|media_type=Print|isbn=978-9695862926|isbn_note=Zam Zam Publishers|oclc=21989323|dewey=297/.64 full|congress=BP75.5.K313 1991}}'''''Hayat al-Sahaba''''' ({{lang-ar|حياة الصحابة}}) jẹ́ ìwé Lárúbáwá tí [[Yusuf Kandhlawi]] kọ.<ref name=":legacy">{{Cite book|last1=Kajee|first1=Imraan|url=https://spirituallight.co.za/node/141|title=The legacy of the Ulama of Deoband|last2=Kajee|first2=Moosa|publisher=Spiritual Light|year=2018|location=South Africa|pages=55|language=en|access-date=7 March 2023|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925151938/http://spirituallight.co.za/node/141|url-status=live|archivedate=25 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925151938/http://spirituallight.co.za/node/141}}</ref> Wọ́n parí kíkọ ìwé yìí ní ọdún 1959, tí wọ́n sì fẹ̀ ẹ́ lójú sí abala mẹ́rin pẹ̀lú àwọn àfikún àti ìtọ́ka ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]] àti [[Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda]]. Wọ́n kọ́kọ́ ṣàtẹ̀jáde ìwé náà fún [[Tablighi Jamaat]].<ref name=":1">{{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam|title=KANDEHLEVÎ, Muhammed Yûsuf|last=Özşenel|first=Mehmet}}</ref> Ó dá lórí àwọn orísun láti inú [[Hadith]], ìtàn, àti ìtàn ìgbésí-ayé Muhammad àti àwọn alábàárìn rẹ̀( [[Companions of the Prophet|Sahaba]]). Ìwé náà ní orí mọ́kàndínlógún, tí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan wọn sì ń tọ́ka sí àwọn alábàárìn rẹ̀.<ref name=":0">{{Cite thesis|last=Ahmed|first=K. Zaheer|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/239103|title=Al Qiyamul Insaaniyyah Fee Kitaabi Hayaatis Sahaaba Lish Shaykh Muhammad Yusuf Al Kandehlavi Rahimahullah|publisher=Department of Arabic, [[University of Madras]]|year=2018|location=India|pages=219|language=ar|type=PhD|access-date=29 July 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616003433/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/239103|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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Bayan Ul Quran
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{{Short description|Sunni Tafseer by Ashraf Ali Thanwi}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}{{Infobox book|name=Bayan Ul Quran|image=Bayan Ul Quran.jpg|caption=Cover|author=[[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]|country=[[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]|language=Urdu|subject=[[Tafsir]]|genre=Classic|publisher=Matba Mujtabai, Delhi|pub_date=1908|media_type=[[Hardcover]]}}'''''Bayan Ul Quran''''' ([[Urdu language|Urdu]]: بیان القرآن) jẹ́ àtẹ̀jáde ''[[tafsir]]'' mẹ́ta ([[Exegesis|àlàyé]]) [[Quran]] tí ọ̀mọ̀wé Mùsùlùmí ilẹ̀ Indian, [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] kọ. (ní ọdún 1943).<ref name="asir">{{Cite book|title=Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta|author=Asir Adrawi|author-link=Asir Adrawi|page=35|location=[[Deoband]]|publisher=Darul Muallifeen|language=ur|edition=2 April 2016}}</ref> Èdè [[Urdu]] ni wọ́n fi kọ́, ó jẹ́ iṣẹ́ pàtàkì fún òǹkọ̀wé tó kọ.<ref>{{Cite thesis|last=Zia|first=Rehana|title=A Critical Study Of Bayanul Quran The Commentary Of The Quran By Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi With Special Reference To The Exegetical Literature In Urdu|publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]]|year=1982|location=India|language=ur|hdl=10603/57075|type=PhD|page=1–2}}</ref> Wọ́n ní tafsīr náà jẹ́ èyí tí a kan ṣe fún fún àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé. <ref>{{Cite thesis|title=Critical study of select Urdu Tafasir of 20th century|url=http://ir.amu.ac.in/13186/|publisher=Aligarh Muslim University|date=2015|degree=doctoral|language=en|first=Uzma|last=Khatoon|page=|pages=67–99}}</ref>
== Àgbékalẹ̀ ==
Àtòjọ àlàyé yìí bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1320 [[Hijri year|AH]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wani|first=Bilal Ahmad|date=2016|title=Tafsir Bayan al-Quran of Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi: An Estimate|url=http://www.ajms.co.in/sites/ajms2015/index.php/ajms/article/view/1645|journal=Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies|volume=4|issue=2|pages=198|issn=2348-7186|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720092920/http://www.ajms.co.in/sites/ajms2015/index.php/ajms/article/view/1645|archive-date=20 July 2020|access-date=28 September 2024|archivedate=20 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720092920/http://www.ajms.co.in/sites/ajms2015/index.php/ajms/article/view/1645|deadurl=yes}} [[Fáìlì:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/3.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License]].</ref> Thanwi parí rẹ̀ ní 1905 (1323 [[Hijri year|AH]]).Ọ̀nà méjìlá ni wọ́n ṣe àtẹ̀jáde rẹ̀ sí láti Matb'a Mujtabai,ní [[Delhi]] ní ọdún 1908 (1326 AH).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ali|first1=Syed Shahid|title=Urdu Tafāsīr Bīswi Sadī Mai|trans-title=Urdu [[tafsir]]'s in the twentieth century|publisher=Maktaba Qāsim al-Uloom|location=[[Lahore]]|page=12|language=ur}}</ref> Ìwé pàtàkì ''Khutba-i-Tafsir-i-Bayan al Quran'' láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé yìí, ó ti rọ̀gbàká àwọn àtẹ̀jáde tókù, nítorí nínú ‘Khutba’ Thanwi, ó ti sọ ìdí tí a fi to àwọn Tafsir náà jọ. Ó ní:: "Mo máa ronú nípa àtòjọ àlàyé kan nípa Kúràní, èyí tó lè fọwọ́ kan àwọn ipa àti aágbọn tó ṣe pàtàkì tó ṣe pàtàkì láwùjọ láì sí ìyípadà kankan,ṣùgbọ́n mo mọ̀ nípa àwọn àlàyé Kùránì tí wọ́n ti gúnlẹ̀ síbi kan náà síwájú èyí,nítorí náà ni mo ṣe máa ń rí àwọn àlàyé Kùránì mìíràn gẹ́gẹ́ bi àfikún ohun tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.Tó jẹ́ ìgbà tí àwọn ènìyàn máa ń túmọ̀ Kùránì nítorí àtijẹ àtimu èyí tí kò sì bá òfin yìí [[Sharia]] mu, àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn Mùsùlùmí ni wọ́n ṣìnà nítorí àsìrò tí wọ́n gbọ́. Bákan náà dẹ̀ rè é àwọn ìwé pélébé kan tako àsìgbọ́ Kùránì yìí, sugbon àwọn ìwé yìí kò tó fún ìtakò náà.... Nínú àgbékalẹ̀ èyí ní ọjọ́ Kejìlá oṣù Rabi al-Awal 1320 A.H, mo bẹ̀rẹ̀ àtòjọ Tafsir, ní èrò èrè ayé tí mo ti rí jẹ́ láti ara Allah. Tí yóò sì jẹ́ èrè fún gbogbo ayé náà." {{Sfn|Wani|2016|p=198}}
== Ọgbọ́n Àmúlò ==
Àwọn àbùdá méje tó ṣe pàtàkì tí Thanwi sọ pé Tafsir yìí ní nínú ni:{{Sfn|Wani|2016|p=198}}
# Lílo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó rọ̀ láti túmọ̀ àwọn ẹsẹ Kùrán kí ó lè rọrùn láti yé.
# Kí a má fi àwọn àpólà ọ̀rọ̀ túmọ̀, nítorí àwọn àpólà ọ̀rọ̀ máa ń ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìtumọ̀. Ìtumọ̀ gbọ́dọ̀ wà ní ọ̀rọ̀ geere ni, kí ó lè yànànà àlàyé náà ní kíkún.
# A ti ṣe iṣẹ́ àkànṣe lórí pé kí àwọn tó ń kà á má bà á má ṣe ìyè méjì tàbí àṣìrò. A ti ṣe àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn àlàyé tó le pẹ̀lú ìwé pélébé nínú rẹ̀.
# Tí aáyà kan bá yapa rírọ́ ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀, a ti fi èyí tó jẹ́ ojúlówó rẹ̀ sí èrò. èyí tó jẹ́.
# Àwọn aáya kọ̀ọ̀kan ti sọ àsọ̀yé ìtumọ̀ tí wọ́n ní pẹ̀lú ìbáṣepọ̀ bí ìró ìró wọn ṣe dún.
# Nínú àwọn ìwé òfin mẹ́rin tó wà, titi [[Hanafi]] ni a ṣe àmúlò, ṣùgbọ́n tí a bá nílò àwọn tókù, a fi àwọn náà sí ẹgbẹ́ òsì ojú ewé náà.
# Fún àwọn ìdí pàtàkì kan, a ṣe àfikún ààyè, ní èyí tí a ti ṣàlàyé àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ Makki àti Madami tó ṣókùnkùn. A tún fún wa ní àkóónú àti agbékalẹ̀ àwọn aáyà. Ààyè àwọn èdè Lárúbáwá wà fún ìpìlẹ̀ ìtumọ̀, èyí tí yóò wúlò fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti ọ̀mọ̀wé.
Thanwi jẹ́ ọlọ́yàyà olùtẹ̀lẹ́ ìwé òfin [[Hanafi]]. Èyí tí ó sì ń hàn nínú àtẹ̀jáde rẹ̀.
Ní tòótọ́, Thanwi jẹ́ ọ̀mọ̀wé ìwé òfin, ó jẹ́ ni ti ó ní ẹ̀mí ìfọkànsí bákan náà had. Fún ìdí èyí, nígbà tó ń ṣe àwọn àmújáde àṣẹ tó tọ́ láti inú aáyà Kùránì, bẹ́ẹ̀ náà àwọn èyí tó kọjá òye nínú Kùránì. Ìtumọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú èdè Urdu ni èyí, ní èyí tó jẹ́ pé a yọ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó kọjá òye jáde sọ́tọ̀ nínú Kùránì.Ìdí pàtàkì fún àmújáde yìí ni láti yànnànà ìrújú Tasawwuf.{{Sfn|Wani|2016|p=198}}
Gẹ́gẹ́ bi Thanwi nínú ìtumọ̀ Kùránì yìí, ó ní ó tẹ́lẹ̀ àwọn òṣùwọ̀n ogún kan tó jẹ́ pàtàkì.{{Sfn|Wani|2016|p=199}}
# A ṣe àmúlò ''[[Tafsir al-Baydawi]], [[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]], Tafsir-i-Rehmani, Al-itqan, Tafsir-i-Malim Al-Tanzil, [[Tafsir al-Alusi]], Tafsir-i-Madarik, Tafsir-i-Khazin, [[Ibn Kathir#Works|Tafsir-i-Ibn-e-Kathir]], [[Al-Dur al-Manthur]]'' àti ''[[Al-Kashshaaf]]'' àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. Nígbà tí à ń ṣe àtòjọ ìtumọ̀. Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn Tafasir, a tún lo àwọn ìwé òfin àti àwọn Hadith mìíràn.
# A ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ tó wà láàárín orí, aáyà àti àsamọ̀ àwọn orí náà sílẹ̀.
# A pèsè ìtọ́ka fún àwọn aáyà yìí, kí a lè dènà àwítúnwí ìtumọ̀ àwọn aáyà náà.
# A ti ṣe àyẹ̀wò rírọ́ Tafsir dáadáa, àti bí a ṣelè ṣàlàyé rẹ̀, kí a tó sọ pé ó jẹ́ ìpìlẹ̀ pàtàkì fún ìtumọ̀ Kùránì.
# Nígbà tí à ń yànnànà ìsiyè méjì, èròǹgbà wa ni láti yànnànà ìsiyè méjì tó ń bí ìró.
# Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí èrò wọn kò ní ìtumọ̀ kò sí nínú ìtumọ̀ yìí.
# A yàgò fún àwọn àpólà ọ̀rọ̀, kí òye ìtumọ̀ náà lè yé ni.
# ÀWỌN mú àwọn ìròyìn nípa ìwé mímọ àtijọ́ nínú All ''Tafsir-i-Haqani''.
# Nínú àwọn ààyè mìíràn, ìtumọ̀ yìí yẹ kí ó fẹjú kiri, a rò pé kí a ṣe àmúlò àwọn tó bá tún jẹ́ ojúlówó fún èyí.
# A ṣe àlàyé àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ [[Fiqh]], èyí tí ó sì wà nínú àwọn àpẹẹrẹ.
# A pèsè atọ́ka àkóónú, èyí tí ó jẹ́ kí Tafsir náà rọrùn fún àwọn tí wọ́n fẹ́ kà á.
# Àwọn aṣíwájú àti àwọn tí wọ́n tẹ̀le ti kọ́kọ́ ṣe àgbéyẹ̀wò rẹ̀,tí èyí sì hàn nínú ìtumọ̀ náà.
# Láàárín ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ èrò nípa ìtumọ̀, èyí tó jẹ́ ojúlówó nìkan ni a gbà wọlé.
# Àwọn àlàyé aáyà kan wà tó ṣe wí pé, àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé àti àwọn tó bá páyà Ọlọ́run nìkan ló lè jẹ àǹfàní láti ara wọn.
# Àwọn aáyà kan wà, tí wọn ṣàlàyé púpọ̀, ṣùgbọ́n síbẹ̀ síbẹ̀, yóò yé ènìyàn.
# Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó ṣe pàtàkì kan wà tí kò sí nínú ìtumọ̀ náà, ṣùgbọ́n, tí a lè fi òye kíka ìwé ìtumọ̀ náà gbe.
# A fi àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó tayọ ìtumọ̀ ní síṣẹ́ǹtẹ̀lé
# A yan àlàyé tí [[Hadith terminology# Classification of Hadith|Marfu Ahadith]] láti ọwọ́ [[Muhammad]] láàyò ju àwọn ìgbàgbọ́ tó kù lọ.
# Àwọn òṣùwọ̀n tí a wá kà síwájú yìí ó, a kò sọ nínú ìwé ìtumọ̀ náà, ṣùgbọ́n òǹkọ̀wé kojú wọn láàárín ọ̀nà ìwé ìtumọ̀ náà.
# Ìtumọ̀ èdè Lárúbáwá yìí wà fún àwọn tó bá lóye, nítorí náà, kò nílò láti ka àwọn òṣùwọ̀n yìí, kí ó tó tẹ̀le.
== Ààtò ==
Iṣẹ́ náà wà ní àtẹ̀jáde ìpín mẹ́ta. Ìfáárà tó kún wà ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtẹ̀jáde àkọ́kọ́, tí ó ṣe àfojúsùn sí àwọn ọ̀ràn tó wà nínú [[Quran]]. Àwọn àtẹ̀jáde ìwé náà, a ti àkóónú wọn ló wà ní ìsàlẹ̀:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi|url=http://archive.org/details/TafseerEBayanUlQuran|title=Tafseer E Bayan Ul Quran|language=ur}}</ref>
* Àtẹ̀jáde àkọ́kọ́ — [[Al-Fatiha]] títí dé [[Al-An'am]]
* Àtẹ̀jáde kejì — [[Al-A'raf]] títí dé [[An-Nur]]
* Àtẹ̀jáde kẹta — [[Al-Furqan]] títí dé [[Al-Nas]]
== Ògbufọ̀ ==
=== Bangla ===
Àtẹ̀jáde àkọ́kọ́ ògbufọ̀ [[Bengali language|Bengali]] ìwé yìí jáde ní ọdún 1972 láti ilé ìyáwèé Emdadia lábẹ́ orúkọ ''<nowiki/>'Tafsire Ashrafi'''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ullah|first=Sakhawat|date=26 July 2019|title=Sequence of Quran translation in Bengali language|work=[[Kaler Kantho]]|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/islamic-life/2019/07/26/795902}}</ref>
=== English ===
A ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ògbufọ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì titi [[Abridgement|abridged]] ní ilé iṣẹ́ tẹ̀wetẹ̀wé Zam-Zam ní ọdún 2003 fún àwọn tó ń tọ ipa suluk, ó sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn ọ̀ràn ẹ̀mí èyí tó jẹ́ kókó tó jẹyọ nínú [[Sufism|tasawwuf]]. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti Al-Fatiha, Ad Dhuha títí dé Al-nas.
== Ìtẹ́wọ́gbà ==
Àwọn àràbarà Tafsir yìí tó da hàn nínú ìsọ [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]]’: "Mo kọ́kọ́ rò pé ìtumọ̀ yìí wà fún àwọn ènìyàn lásán ni, ṣùgbọ́n lẹ́yìn ti mo wò ó dáradára tán, mo ri wí pé ó ṣe pàtàkì sí àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé náà bákan náà."{{Sfn|Wani|2016|p=199}} Bilal Ahmad Wani,olùṣèwádìí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga a [[University of Kashmir|Kashmir]] kọ pé , "Ìwé ìtumọ̀ yìí kún fún ọgbọ́n, lọ́nà tó ṣe wí pé gbogbo ènìyàn ni yóò lè jẹ Àǹfàní rẹ̀ ní bí ọgbọ́n oníkálukú bá ṣe mọ. Àlàyé rẹ̀ tún kún, èyí tó tún wá ṣe pàtàkì ni pé, ó ṣe àmújáde àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó kọjá òye ènìyàn jáde kúrò nínú Kùránì, láti lè wẹ àwọn èrò nípa àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ yìí mọ́, àwọn èrò bi [[Sufi metaphysics|Wahdat al-Wajud]] (Ìṣọ́kan Ẹ̀dá) àti Nazriah-i Hulul (Àkúdàáyá) àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ."{{Sfn|Wani|2016|p=199}}
== Tún wo ==
{{Portal|Islam|Books}}
* [[List of tafsir works]]
* [[List of Sunni books]]
Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí{{reflist}}
== Àkàsíwájú ==
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ali|first1=Syed Shahid|title=Urdu Tafāsīr Bīswi Sadī Mai|trans-title=Urdu [[tafsir]]'s in the twentieth century|publisher=Maktaba Qāsim al-Uloom|location=[[Lahore]]|pages=12–19|url=https://kitabosunnat.com/kutub-library/urdu-tafaseer-beesvi-sadi-mein|access-date=5 October 2020|language=ur|chapter=Tafsīr Bayān al-Qur'ān, Mawlāna Ashraf Ali Thānwi}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Kamran|first=Malak Shahid|date=2021|title=A scholarly review of the Methodology of Ashraf Ali Thanvi in "Tafseer Bayan-ul-Quran"|url=https://vfast.org/journals/index.php/VTIR/article/view/849|journal=VFAST Transactions on Islamic Research|language=Ur|volume=9|issue=4|pages=152–163|issn=2309-6519|access-date=28 September 2024|archivedate=23 January 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123051946/https://vfast.org/journals/index.php/VTIR/article/view/849|deadurl=yes}}
* {{Cite book|last=Majeed|first=Nazeer Ahmad Ab.|url=|title=Quran interpretation in Urdu : a critical study|date=2019|publisher=Viva Books|isbn=978-93-89166-89-7|location=New Delhi|language=en|chapter=Chapter 5|oclc=1124776298}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Noureen|first=Misbah|date=2018|title=Specific Study Of "Bayanul Quran" Regarding Character Building In The Light Of Surah Al-Muminoon And Surah Al-marij|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336928127|journal=Global Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities|volume=4|issue=4|pages=402–423|issn=2520-7113}}
* {{Cite thesis|last=Parvez|first=Mohammed|title=A study of the socio_religious reforms of Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi|publisher=Department of Islamic Studies, [[Aligarh Muslim University]]|year=2008|location=India|language=ur|hdl=10603/52380|type=PhD|pages=67–69}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Burhan|url=http://islamicstudies.uok.edu.in/Files/36892408-1fed-4431-9848-0761b9e02587/Journal/2c75e210-3f9d-49c4-9f57-eba88acd132c.pdf|title=Impact of Tafsīr Rūḥ al-Maʻānī on Tafsīr Bayān al-Qur'ān|date=2018|isbn=978-613-9-84319-0|edition=1. Auflage|location=Saarbrücken|publisher=Lambert Academic Publishing|oclc=1187807759|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117100715/http://islamicstudies.uok.edu.in/Files/36892408-1fed-4431-9848-0761b9e02587/Journal/2c75e210-3f9d-49c4-9f57-eba88acd132c.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=17 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117100715/http://islamicstudies.uok.edu.in/Files/36892408-1fed-4431-9848-0761b9e02587/Journal/2c75e210-3f9d-49c4-9f57-eba88acd132c.pdf}}
* {{Cite book|last=Razzak|first=Abdur|url=https://archive.org/download/islamicbook3/Bivinno-Bhasar-AlQuran-er-Torjoma-O-Tofsir.pdf|title=Al-Quran translation and commentary in different languages|publisher=Islamic Cultural Centre|year=1980|location=Dinajpur|pages=16|language=bn|trans-title=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Siddiqui|first=Muhammad Ismail|url=https://archive.org/download/20200315_20200315_1715/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%DB%81.pdf|title=Talifat-e Ashrafiyyah|location=India}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Usmani|first1=Abdul Rauf|last2=Abdullah|first2=Dr Muhammad|date=2022|title=Characteristics and Distinctions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in the light of Tafsir Bayan-ul-Quran|url=https://islamicjournals.com/ojs/index.php/IRJIS/article/view/193|journal=International Research Journal on Islamic Studies|language=ur|volume=4|issue=1|pages=126–141|doi=10.54262/irjis.04.01.u10|doi-broken-date=19 September 2024|issn=2710-3749}}
* {{Cite book|last=Usmani|first=Taqi|author1-link=Taqi Usmani|url=https://archive.org/details/Tabsre_201610|title=Tabsre|publisher=Maktaba Ma'ariful Quran|year=2005|location=Pakistan|pages=93|language=ur}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Kajee|first1=Imraan|url=https://spirituallight.co.za/node/141|title=The legacy of the Ulama of Deoband|last2=Kajee|first2=Moosa|publisher=Spiritual Light|year=2018|location=South Africa|pages=31–32|language=en|access-date=7 March 2023|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925151938/http://spirituallight.co.za/node/141|url-status=live|archivedate=25 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925151938/http://spirituallight.co.za/node/141}}
* {{Cite book|last=Adrawi|first=Asir|author-link=Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi|url=https://archive.org/download/Maktaba-Maulana-Nizamuddin-Aseer-Adravi-Sahib/Dabistan-i-Deoband-Ki-Ilmi-Khidmaat.pdf|title=Dabistan-i Deoband ki Ilmi Khidmaat|publisher=Darulmuaallifeen|year=1995|location=Deoband, UP, India|language=ur|oclc=47964786|pages=26–28}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
* [[iarchive:TafseerEBayanUlQuran Urdu Bayan Ul Quran|''Bayan Ul Quran'']] at [[Internet Archive]]
{{Ashraf Ali Thanwi}} {{Tafsir}} {{Authority control}}
rjsg2smb8dma4ley1ueinzz74wb3aon
Adire
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[[File:Stack of Adire , a local Fabric from Abeoukuta.JPG|thumb|Àkópọ̀ Àdìrẹ]]
[[File:Maiden yoruba outfit.jpg|thumb|Àwọn obìnrin Yorùbá wọ aṣọ adire níbi ètò fíìmù]]
'''Àdìrẹ''' jẹ́ irúfẹ́ aṣọ tí a fi aró ṣe láti gúúsù ìwọ̀-oòrùn [[Nàìjíríà]] tí àwọn obìnrin [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] ṣe ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, nípasẹ̀ lílo ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwon ọ̀nà tí wọ́n fi ń lo aró mọ́ aṣọ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire|author=Norma Wolff|title=Adire|website=Fashion History:Love to know|access-date=25 December 2014|archive-date=31 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831015609/http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/adire-indigo-resist-dyed-cloth-from-yorubaland-nigeria/|title=Adire – Indigo Resist Dyed Cloth From Yorubaland, Nigeria|website=Vam|location=United Kingdom|access-date=25 December 2014|date=24 July 2013}}</ref> Gbólóhùn <nowiki>''Àdìrẹ'' ni ó jẹyọ nínú ọ̀rọ̀ Yorùbá yí "Adì'' tí ó túmọ̀ sí '''kí á di nkan pọ̀''' tàbí '''kí á so nkan pọ̀'''. àti 'rẹ'</nowiki> tí ó túmọ̀ sí láti da àwọ̀.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=BRAIDE |first=O. O. |date=2017-11-22 |title=STYLISTIC FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ADIRE IN NIGERIAN TEXTILE PRACTICE |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |journal=Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=106–118 |doi=10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |issn=2315-747X}}</ref>
Wọ́n máa ń lo àwọn ohun èlò tí kò ní jẹ́ kí ìrì dí, èyí tó máa ń jẹ́ kí àwọ̀ rẹ̀ yàtọ̀ síra. Ó wọ́pọ̀ láàárín àwọn èèyàn [[Ẹ̀gbá|Egba]] ní [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn|Ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn]].
==Ìtàn==
Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, wọ́n máa ń ṣe aṣọ àdìrẹ ní gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn [[Nàìjíríà]], wọ́n sì máa ń kó o lọ sí [[Àríwá Áfríkà|Àríwá Áfíríkà]] nípasẹ̀ àwọn oníṣòwò àti ìdílé oníṣòwò Yorùbá. Àwọn ìdílé kan tí wọ́n yàn láti ṣí lọ sí àríwá bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ṣe àwọn aṣọ àdìrẹ kí wọ́n lè tà á fáwọn obìnrin mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Renne |first=Elisha P. |date=2020-01-02 |title=Reinterpreting Adire Cloth in Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |journal=Textile History |language=en |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=60–85 |doi=10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |issn=0040-4969}}</ref> Nítorí pé àwọn obìnrin ló sábà máa ń ṣe é, àwọn ìyá ló máa ń fi àwòrán àti àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ tí wọ́n fi ń ṣe é fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn. Àmọ́ ṣá o, àwọn àwòrán kan lè sinmi lórí agbára àti iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ àwọn ayàwòrán, àti àwọn òye tí wọ́n ti kọ́ láti ìran tó ti dàgbà. Àwọn àwòrán tí Adire máa ń yà sábà máa ń ṣàpẹẹrẹ àwọn ohun ọ̀gbìn, ẹranko, irinṣẹ́, àti èrò orí.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Areo |first=MO |last2=Kalilu |first2=ROR |date=2013-05-03 |title=<i>Adire</i> in South-western Nigeria: Geography of the Centres |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |journal=African Research Review |volume=7 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |issn=2070-0083}}</ref>
[[Abẹ́òkúta|Abẹ́òkúta]] ni a kà sí olú-ìlú tí wọ́n ti ń ṣe àdìrẹ́ ní [[Nàìjíríà]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2016 |title=A Short History of Adire |url=https://guardian.ng/life/culture-lifestyle/a-short-history-of-adire/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> àmọ́, àwọn kan sọ pé ìlú ńlá [[Ìbàdàn]] àti [[Òṣogbo]] ló ṣe pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ṣíṣe aṣọ adire nítorí pé dída aṣọ àdìrẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Abẹ́òkúta nígbà tí àwọn obìnrin [[Ẹ̀gbá]] láti Ìbàdàn padà wá pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Adire cloth in Nigeria|last=Simmonds|first=Doig|publisher=Doig D, Simmonds; Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan.|year=2016|location=Ibadan|pages=11}}</ref>
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
5jrc8elumdcfzwoaelviy0rrf2xzv6k
Agbada
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{{Short description|Traditional robe worn by Yoruba men}}
[[File:A_Yoruba_man_garbed_in_traditional_clothing_(2).png|thumb|ọmọ Yorùbá nínú Agbádá]]
'''Agbada''' jẹ́ aṣọ ìbílẹ̀ tí ó tóbi tí àwọn [[Yorùbá]] tí wọ́n ń bẹ káàkiri gbogbo ìwọ̀ oòrùn ilẹ̀ [[Áfíríkà]] máa ń wọ̀, pàápàá jùlọ láàrin àwọn [[Yorùbá y] tí wọ́n ń bẹ ní orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nàìjíríà]], [[Benin]], àti [[Togo]].<ref name="main">{{cite journal |last=Ogunsanya |first=Adeola Oladele |title=Changing patterns in feeding, dressing and naming among Yoruba of south-western Nigeria since 1960 |journal=Nigerian Journal of Social Studies |volume=17 |issue=2 |year=2015 |pages=33–47}}</ref>. Agbádá jẹ́ èyí tí ó sáábà máa ń wá tí a sì máa ń wọ̀ pẹ̀lú bùbá tí ó jẹ́ àwọ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ tí ó le wá ní onírúurú, àti ṣòkòtò gígùn tí a le wọ̀ si pẹ̀lú. A sáábà máa ń wọ̀ ọ́ pẹ̀lú onírúurú [[Fila (hat)|fila]] tàbí [[wikt:abeti_aja|abeti aja]]. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wọ ìlẹ̀kẹ̀ ìbílẹ̀ lé Agbádá. Agbádá jẹ́ aṣọ ìmúra àwọn ọkùnrin èyí tí wọ́n máa ń wọ̀ lọ sí onírúurú ìjáde tàbí ibi ayẹyẹ. Ó máa ń wá ní onírúurú àràǹbarà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anokam |first=Stella |date=2016-07-15 |title=Latest Agbada Styles with Embroidery Designs for Men (2022) |url=https://naijaglamwedding.com/latest-agbada-styles-designs-men/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=NaijaGlamWedding |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Typical_yoruba_man_outfit.jpg|thumb|Òṣèré eré Yorùbá kan nínú Agbádá]]
Ìmúra rẹ̀ pín sí ọ̀nà mẹ́rin: agbádà ńlá (àwọ̀sókè); bùbá (àwọ̀tẹ́lẹ̀); ṣòkòtò gígùn kan; àti fìlà gọ̀bì kan.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oladejo |first1=Adekunle I. |last2=Olateju |first2=Taibat T. |last3=Okebukola |first3=Peter A. |last4=Agboluaje |first4=Taiwo M. |last5=Sanni |first5=Rasheed |last6=Shabani |first6=Juma |last7=Akinola |first7=Victor O. |last8=Ebisin |first8=Aderonke |title=The convergence of culture, technology and context: A pathway to reducing Mathophobia and improving achievement in mathematics |journal=School Science and Mathematics |volume=123 |issue=2 |year=2023 |pages=82–96}}</ref> Àwọ̀sókè, nínú èyí tí a ti yọ orúkọ "Agbada", túmọ̀ sí "aṣọ tí ó tóbi gan" ní Yorùbá.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fakunle |first=Oluwadara |title=Colonialism and Transformations in Yoruba Traditional Attires: The Lagos Experience |journal=Ihafa: A Journal of African Studies |volume=13 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=132–156}}</ref> Àrà tàbí iṣẹ́ ọnà tí ó wà lára agbádá, pẹ̀lú bí apá rẹ̀ bá ṣe fẹ̀ sí ni yóò sọ nípa nípa bí ẹni tí ó ń wọ̀ ọ́ ṣe jàǹkànjàǹkàn tó láwùjọ. Wọn a máa wọ̀ ọ́ ní ibi onírúurú ayẹyẹ àti ìjáde.
[[File:Giwa_Nurudeen.jpeg|thumb|Àwòrán ẹnìkan nínú Agbada]]
Púpọ̀ nínú àwọn Agbádá jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n ṣe láti ara [[aṣọ òkè]] tàbí aṣọ òfì, ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n lè ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ mìíràn nínú èyí tí a ti rí [[Adire (textile art)|adire]]. Agbádá ní ìjọra pẹ̀lú Boubou tàbí Babanriga, àwọn aṣọ yìí wá láti inú àṣà ilẹ̀ [[Áfíríkà]], ṣùgbọ́n tí wọ́n yàtọ̀ nínú rírí, àrà, ìrísí, pẹ̀lú aṣọ tí wọ́n lò láti fi ṣe wọ́n. Onírúurú iṣẹ́ ọnà ni a le ṣe sí agbádá wa. Agbada jẹ́ aṣọ kan tí ó gbajúmọ̀ láàrin àwọn [[Yorùbá]] pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣọ bíi Gbárìyẹ̀, Sulia, Oyala, Kẹ̀m̀bẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawal |first=Babatunde |title=Agbada Clothing |url=https://www.lovetoknow.com/life/style/agbada-clothing |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=LoveToKnow |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925171128/https://www.lovetoknow.com/life/style/agbada-clothing |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Gbariye is close in looks to Agbada and many times considered a type of Agbada.
== Ìtàn ==
Aṣọ yìí wá láti inú àwọn àṣà ilẹ̀ [[Áfíríkà]] tí ó ti pẹ́ ní [[Sahel]], níbi tí ó ti sẹ̀ wá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣeré ṣùgbọ́n tí ó wà fún ojú ọjọ́ àti bí agbègbè àti ẹkùn wọn ṣe rí.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Dogbe |first=Esi |title=Warped identities: dress in popular West African video films |journal=African Identities |volume=1 |issue=1 |year=2003 |pages=95–117}}</ref> [[Sahel]], ní àwọn àkókò kan, jẹ́ ilé fún àwọn ètò ìṣèjọba tí ó gbajúgbajà, bíi, [[Ghana Empire|Ghana]], [[Mali Empire|Mali]], àti [[Songhai Empire|Songhai]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rovine |first=Victoria L. |title=Continuity, innovation, fashion: Three genres of Malian embroidery |journal=African Arts |volume=44 |issue=3 |year=2011 |pages=58–67}}</ref> Àwọn ìjọba yìí jẹ́ àárín gbùngbùn fún ètò okoòwò àti káràkátà, ọrọ̀, àti àṣà, tí ó sì ń ṣe ìgbé lárugẹ fún ìbáṣepọ̀ láàrin àwọn ará ilẹ̀ [[Áfíríkà]] lápapọ̀.
[[File:A_Yoruba_man_garbed_in_traditional_clothing.png|thumb|Yoruba man in Gbariye]]
== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Yoruba culture]]
[[Category:Nigerian clothing]]
[[Category:Robes and cloaks]]
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Ibrahim Coomassie
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{{Infobox officeholder|name=Ibrahim Coomassie|nationality=Nigerian|image=|imagesize=|order=9th [[Inspector General of Police (Nigeria)|Inspector General of Police]]|term_start=1993|term_end=29 May 1999|predecessor=[[Aliyu Attah]]|successor=[[Musiliu Smith]]|birth_date={{birth date|1942|3|18|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Katsina (city)|Katsina]], [[Colonial Nigeria]]|death_date={{death date and age|2018|7|19|1942|3|18|df=yes}}|alma_mater=|occupation=Police officer|signature=|relations=[[Abidina Coomassie]] (brother)}}
'''Ibrahim Coomassie''' (ọjọ kéjìdínlógún oṣù kẹta ọdún 1942 – ọjọ kọkàndínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 2018)o jẹ ọgá ọlọpa Nàìjíríà àti Oluyewo Gbogbogbo kẹsán ti [[Ọlọ́ọ̀pá Nàìjíríà|Awọn ọlọpa Naijiria]] <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/376765-abacha-coup-how-obasanjo-yaradua-were-framed-farida-waziri.html</ref> ti n ṣiṣẹ láàrin ọdún 1993 ati 1999, labẹ àwọn ìjọba ológun ti Ọ̀gágun [[Sani Abacha]] ati [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] . O ku ni Ojobo ọjọ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Keje ọdún 2018 lẹhin àisàn ti o pẹ. O jẹ ẹni ọdun mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́rin. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180719233731/http://www.nan.ng/metro/katsina-mourns-as-ibrahim-coomassie-acf-chairman-dies/</ref>
== Ìpìlẹ ==
Ibrahim Coomassie wà lára àwọn akọbi Malam Ahmadu Coomassie, onímọ̀-ìwé ati oníṣòwò ti o di akọ̀wé ayérayé ti ilé-iṣẹ́ ti ètò-ẹ̀kọ ní agbègbè Ariwa. <ref>http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/life552008.html{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ibrahim Coomassie tí wọn bi ní Ipinlẹ [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina|Katsina]] ni ọjọ kéjìdínlógún oṣù kẹta ọdún 1942. O kàwé ni Provincial Secondary School, [[Zaria]], Barewa College, Zaria, Detective Training College, Wakefield, UK àti Washington DC ni [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|United States]]. <ref>http://www.newswatchngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=738&Itemid=34</ref>
== Insìpẹ́kitọ̀ àgbà ọlọpa ==
Ní ọdún 1993, Ibrahim Coomassie ni a yán gẹgẹbi Insìpẹ́kitọ̀ àgbà ti ọlọpa Nàìjíríà, ti o tẹle Aliyu Attah . <ref name="guard1104">http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/life_style/article01//indexn2_html?pdate=110409&ptitle=Politics%20Of%20Who%20Succeeds%20Okiro </ref> Ni oṣu kẹfa ọdun 1994, ààrẹ ti wọn dìgbò yán [[M. K. O. Abíọ́lá|MKO Abiọla]] tí wọn mú láìsí ìwé aṣẹ tí àwọn ọlọpaa si tìmọle. Wọ́n fìyà jẹ ẹ́ ní ọgbà ẹ̀wọ̀n, níbi tí wọ́n ti fi í sẹ́wọ̀n fún ọdún mẹ́rin kó tó kú ní oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1998. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀gá ọlọ́pàá, Coomassie kọ̀ jiyàn ojúṣe àtìmọ́lé rẹ. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090924220411/http://www.usafricaonline.com/nigeria_almustapha.html</ref>
Ni ọdun 1996, Coomassie ṣe ifilọlẹ iwadii si awọn iṣe ọlọpa lakoko ijọba ológun ti Gbogbogbò [[Ibrahim Babangida]] (1985–1993). <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Coomassie#cite_ref-7</ref> Ni Oṣu Keje ọdún 1997, Coomassie sọ pe o fẹ lati béèrè lọwọ Asoju Amẹrika ati awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ ti oṣiṣẹ ile-iṣẹ AMẸRIKA nipa ọpọlọpọ awọn bombu ti awọn ibi-afẹde ologun. Ijọba náà ti fi ẹsun kan [[National Democratic Coalition (Nigeria)|National Democratic Coalition]] ti ojúṣe ati sọ ni gbángba pe wọn fura pe àwọn aṣoju ìjọba Amẹrika mọ nipa àwọn bombu ní tẹle ni tẹle. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/17/world/nigeria-may-ask-us-ambassador-about-bombings.html</ref>
Ni Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1998, Ibrahim Coomassie sọ pe àwọn oníròyìn n ṣe ìtumọ ọrọ ti ko tọ si ọrọ ti olórí ìpínlẹ̀ Ọgagun [[Sani Abacha]] sọ ni Oṣu kọkànlá ọdún 1997. O sọ pe General Abacha ti ṣèlérí láti ṣe ìdarijì fún àwọn ẹlẹwọn kan, ṣugbọn kii ṣe lati da àwọn túbú òṣèlú sílẹ̀. <ref>http://www.derechos.net/ijc/monitor/0312.html</ref> Ni ibi ayẹyẹ ìparí ẹkọ ọlọpa kan ni Oṣu Keje ọdún 1998, Coomassie kìlọ̀ fún àwọn oṣiṣẹ tintun nípa ìlòdì sí àwọn ìwà ibajẹ, o sọ pé o ti pàṣẹ ìyọkúrò gbogbo àwọn ìdènà ọlọpa ni òpópó-ònà. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn ìdènà òpópó-ònà ọlọpa n tẹsiwaju. <ref>https://archive.today/20130101060303/http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/index_e.htm?docid=209&cid=0&sec=CH02#</ref> Ni ọdún 1998, Coomassie ṣe àkíyèsí pé nigbakugba ti ọmọ ìlú kan ba di ènìyàn olókìkí, ǹkán akọkọ tí yòó kọkọ ṣe ní lati béèrè fún aṣẹ ati awọn ọlọpa láti máa ṣọ ilè rẹ, gẹ́gẹ́bí àamì ipò. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Human rights and the police in transitional countries|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers}}https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Coomassie#cite_ref-11</ref>
Sani Abacha ku ni Oṣu Kẹfa ọdún 1998, o han gbángba pé o ní ikọlù [[ọkàn]]. Aṣoju ijọba apapọ kan ti Ibrahim Coomassie dari ṣe abẹwo ìtùnú si Iyaafin Abacha. Nígbà ibẹwo náà, o fi ẹsun kan gbajúgbajà ọmọ ẹgbẹ aṣoju náà pe òun ló fá ikú Abacha, o si ni ki Coomassie mú u. <ref>http://www.onlinenigeria.com/abacha_last_days.asp</ref>
Ni Oṣu Kini ọdún 1999, Coomassie jẹ ọ̀kan nínú àwọn aṣoju ti o fò lọ si [[Líbyà|Libiya]], laibikita wíwọlé UN lori ìrìn-àjò afẹfẹ si orílẹ-èdè yẹn, ati pe o ṣe àwọn ijiroro pẹlú Mínísítà Àjèjì Ilu Libyan. <ref>http://www.libyanet.com/1-99nwsc.htm</ref> Ibrahim Coomassie ti fẹyìntì lati iṣẹ o si lọ pẹlu Ijọba ti Gbogbogbò [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] ni oṣù kàrún ọdún 1999. <ref>http://www.dawodu.com/obas8.htm</ref>
== Iṣẹ ṣíṣe ìgbà míìràn ==
Ni Oṣu Kẹwa Ọdún 1999, àwọn ìwádìí ìjọba lóri àwọn ìlòkulò nípasẹ ìjọba Abacha, pẹlu pípa Kudirat Abiola (ìyàwó MKO Abiola) ní ọdún 1996 ati ikú ti wọn fura si [[Shehu Musa Yar'Adua]] ni atimọle ni Oṣu kejìlá ọdún 1997, jẹ ki wọn mu Ibrahim Coomassie ati awọn oloye pàtàkì míìràn, pẹlu [[Mohammed Abacha]], ọmọ alaṣẹ ijọba. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Africa South of the Sahara|publisher=Routledge}}https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Coomassie#cite_ref-15</ref> Coomassie ti wa labẹ imuni ile. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/19/world/world-briefing.html|title=NIGERIA: NEW CRACKDOWN|date=19 October 1999|accessdate=26 November 2009}}</ref> Coomassie ti ni èròngbà láti farahàn níwájú Igbimọ Ìwádìí Pàtàkì ti ọlọpa. Botilẹ̀jẹ́wipé, nínú oṣù náà Minisita fetò ìròyìn Dapo Sarumi kọ̀ awọn iroyin pe Coomassie wa labẹ imuni. <ref>http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Newsletters/irinw_102099b.html</ref>
Ni Oṣu Kẹjọ ọdún 2004, Emir ti Katsina yán an si ìgbìmò kan fun ìdàgbàsókè ati ìdàgbàsókè àwọn iṣẹ Jamaatul Nasir Islam ni ìpínlẹ̀ náà. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050824174707/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2004/08/14/20040814news16.html</ref> Ó di ọmọ ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin ti Arewa Consultative Forum fún [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina]] . Iṣẹ pàtàkì ti àpéjọ náà ní láti dáàbòbo ìwúlò ti Àríwá Nàìjíríà àti ṣe àgbéga ibagbepọ ìlera ti yóò ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn dídára àyíká, ìgbésí aye, ati gbigbọn eto-ọrọ ajé ti agbègbè náà. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090627065633/http://www.arewaconsultativeforum.org/acf%20executives.htm</ref> Ni Oṣù Kẹsán ọdún 2008 o jiya àwọn ìpalára nlá nínú ìjàmbá ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ kan, o si lo àkókò diẹ nínú ìtọjú aladanla. <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200809180709.html</ref> Ni Oṣu Kẹjọ ọdún 2009, o fi àwọn ohùn èlò imọ-ẹrọ yàrá ti o niye to bii mílíọ̀nù kan Naira si ile-iwe giga ti Police Boys, [[Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Mani|Mani]], ni Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina. <ref>http://www.nigeriapolice.org/headlines-mainmenu-47/105.html{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> O ku ni ọjọ kọkàndínlógún Oṣu Keje ọdún 2018.
== Awọn itọkasi ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Ìgbófinró ní Nàìjíríà]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1946]]
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Jenifa (character)
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{{Short description|2008 Nigerian comedy-drama film}}
{{Use Nigerian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jenifa
| image = Movie poster for Jenifa.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Muhydeen S. Ayinde
|producer = Olatunji Balogun
| narrator =
| starring = [[Funke Akindele]] <br> [[Iyabo Ojo]]<br>[[Ronke Odusanya]] <br>[[Eniola Badmus]] <br> [[Mosunmola Filani]] <br> [[Ireti Osayemi]] <br> Tope Adebayo
| music = Fatai Izebe
| cinematography = Moroof Fadairo
| editing = Abiodun Adeoye
| studio = Scene One Productions
| distributor = Olasco Films Nig. Ltd.
| released = {{Film date|2008}}
| runtime =
| country = Nigeria
| language = [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Jenifa''''' jẹ́ fíìmù àwàdà àti eré oníṣe ti Nàìjíríà ọdún 2008 tí ó ṣe àfihàn [[Funke Akindele]]. Fíìmù náà jẹ́ kí Akindele gba [[Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]] Ami eye ni 2009 [[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]. Àwọn to yan AMAA mìíràn tún fun ni Fíìmù Nàìjíríà Tó Dára Jù, Aṣagbátà Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Nínú Ipa Àtìlẹyìn, àti Orin Ìbílẹ̀ Fíìmù Tó Dára Jù.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/blockbuster/2009/apr/11/blockbuster-11-04-2009-001.htm |title=Nollywood in limbo as Kenya, South Africa rule AMAA Awards |last=Ajayi |first=Segun |date=11 April 2009 |work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|Daily Sun]] |accessdate=8 March 2011 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102122208/http://sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/blockbuster/2009/apr/11/blockbuster-11-04-2009-001.htm |archivedate= 2 January 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201007120708.html|title=Funke (jenifa) Akindele - How to Lose Your Name to a Character|last=Okon-Ekong|first=Nseobong|date=10 July 2010|work=[[AllAfrica.com]]|publisher=[[AllAfrica Global Media]]|accessdate=8 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2009/apr/10/showtime-10-04-2009-002.htm |title=AMAA 2009: How Nollywood took the back seat |last=Amatus |first=Azuh |date=10 April 2009 |work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|Daily Sun]] |accessdate=8 March 2011 |location=Lagos, Nigeria }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009 |title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2009 |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]] |accessdate=8 March 2011 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405090903/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009 |archivedate= 5 April 2011 }}</ref>
Fíìmù náà ni ìpín àkọ́kọ́ nínú èyí tó di gbajumo julo ní Nàìjíríà..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Filmmaker Funke Akindele Knows She Can Break Her Own Record {{!}} OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/funke-akindele-everybody-loves-jenifa-nollywood/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en}}</ref> Ìpín kejì fíìmù kan, ''[[The Return of Jenifa]]'', ṣàgbéjáde rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2011 àti [[Soft reboot (fiction)|soft reboot]] Eré orí tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ''[[Jenifa's Diary]]'', Wọ́n ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2015. Ìtẹ̀síwájú méjì ni ó tẹ̀lé eré àkọ́kọ́ náà, ''[[Aiyetoro Town]]'' (2019) and ''[[Jenifa on Lockdown]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntombela |first=Tshepiso |date=2021-06-11 |title=REVIEW: Jenifa on Lockdown - Wits Vuvuzela |url=https://witsvuvuzela.com/2021/06/11/review-jenifa-on-lockdown/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |language=en-US |archive-date=9 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109133316/https://witsvuvuzela.com/2021/06/11/review-jenifa-on-lockdown/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Funke Akindele returns with |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/04/24/funke-akindele-returns-with-everybody-loves-jenifa/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Jenifa Spell,'' Wọ́n ṣe àgbéjáde àtúnpọ̀ àfọwọ́dílẹ̀ ìkọ̀wé tó ń kọ́ni kan ní ọdún 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suleiman |first=Musa |date=2019-11-21 |title=Funke Akindele Launches "Jenifa Spells", an Educative Spelling App |url=https://www.techawkng.com/2019/11/21/funke-akindele-launches-jenifa-spells-an-educative-spelling-app/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=Techawk |language=en-GB}}</ref> ''[[Everybody Loves Jenifa]]'', fíìmù àkànṣe kẹta tí [[Jenifa (film series)|franchise]], wọ́n ṣàfihàn rẹ̀ ní àwọn sinimà Nàìjíríà ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kejìlá, ọdún 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Funke Akindele Unveils Poster for “Everybody Loves Jenifa” Coming out December 13 |url=https://ynaija.com/funke-akindele-unveils-poster-for-everybody-loves-jenifa-coming-out-december-13/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Awon osere ti won wa ninu ere sinima yi ni Tope Adebayo, Odunlade Adekola, Toyosi Adesanya, Alade Adeshina, Owolabi Adelaja, Kemi Afolabi, Bunmi Olatilewa, Moshood Oniyemi, Joke Oshin, Muritala Salam sti bee bee lo. <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1714065/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm |title=Jénífà (Video 2008) - IMDb |access-date=2024-12-16 |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref>
== Àwon óseré ==
* [[Funke Akindele]]
* [[Iyabo Ojo]]
* [[Ronke Odusanya]]
* [[Eniola Badmus]]
* Mosunmola Filani
* [[Ireti Osayemi]]
* Tope Adebayo
* [[Odunlade Adekola]]
* Toyosi Adesanya
* Alade Adeshina
* Owolabi Adelaja
* Kemi Afolabi
* Bunmi Olatilewa
* Moshood Oniyemi
* Joke Oshin
* Muritala Salam
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
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Abdellah Mesbahi
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{{Infobox person|name=Abdellah Mesbahi|image=|birth_date={{birth year|1936}}|birth_place=[[El Jadida]]|nationality=|citizenship=[[Morocco]]|occupation=Film director|years active=}}
'''Abdellah Mesbahi''' (ti a bí ní ọdún 1936 ní El Jadida, o kú ní ọjọ́ kẹrindínlógún Oṣu Kẹsan, ọdún 2016) jẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù Ilu Morocco. <ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=7215</ref> <ref>http://africine.org/personne/abdellah-mesbahi/7215</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211117221356/https://www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma/archives/que-faire-de-yassine-</ref>
== Ìgbésíayé ==
Mesbahi kọ́ ẹ̀kọ sinima ní École supérieure d'études cinématographiques (ESEC) ní Ìlú Paris àti ṣáájú ki o tó ṣiṣẹ́ bi akọṣẹ ní Théâtre orilẹ-populaire . Nígbàtí o padà sí Ìlú Morocco, o ṣe àwọn ipò ìṣàkóso ní Ilé-iṣẹ́ Àlàyé àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ Fíìmù Moroccan (CCM). <ref>https://lematin.ma/journal/2016/hommage-a-abdellah-mesbahi-et-abderrahim-tounsi/259569.html</ref> <ref>https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/cinema/32-ans-apres-afghanistan-pourquoi-verra-le-jour-119502</ref> <ref>https://lematin.ma/journal/2016/une-grande-perte-pour-le--septieme-art-national-et-arabe/254562.html</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Armes|first=Roy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o3E_tmPLCUAC&dq=Mesbahi&pg=PA29|title=Postcolonial Images: Studies in North African Film|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|last=Orlando|first=Valerie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r0sSjYrq1V8C&dq=Abdellah+Mesbahi&pg=PA28|title=Screening Morocco: Contemporary Depictions in Film of a Changing Society|language=en}}</ref> Ní gbogbo iṣẹ rẹ̀, Mesbahi ṣe ìtọ́sọ́nà àwọn fíìmù ẹya mókànlélógún, ọpọlọpọ nínú wọn tan imọlẹ lórí ọpọlọpọ àwọn idi ti orílẹ-èdè, Arab àti Islam, pàápàá ija Israeli-Palestine . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130921070745/http://www.leseco.ma/live/100-festival-du-film-de-tanger/11987-interview-de-abdellah-masbahi-realisateur-de-lal-qods-bab-al-magharibar-lnos-films-sont-encore-a-letat-embryonnairer</ref> Fiimu rẹ lori iṣẹ Russia ti Afiganisitani, ''[[Afghanistan Why?|kilode?]]'' ti a kà ní ọdún 1984. <ref>https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/cinema/32-ans-apres-afghanistan-pourquoi-verra-le-jour-119502</ref>
Ọmọbìnrin rẹ Imane náà jẹ́ òṣèré oní fíìmù. <ref>https://www.vh.ma/tel-pere-tel-fils/abdellah-mesbahi-fille-imane-passion-cinema/</ref>
== Àwọn eré tí o kópa nínú rẹ̀ ==
* 1968: ''Vaincre Pour Vivre (Intissar El Hayat)'' <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61Ol3PLhYhsC&dq=Abdellah+Mesbahi&pg=PA330|title=Les cinémas d'Afrique: dictionnaire|date=2000-01-01|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=978-2-84586-060-5|language=fr}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88sTRTl6yKwC&dq=Abdellah+Mesbahi&pg=PA221|title=Dictionary of African Filmmakers|date=2008|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-35116-6|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j6CAGqsOL0QC&dq=Abdellah+Mesbahi&pg=PA242|title=Dictionnaire des cinéastes africains de long métrage|date=2008|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=978-2-84586-958-5|language=fr}}</ref>
* Ọdun 1973 : ''silence, sens interdit'' ( ''Sukut al-ittiah al-mamnu) <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" />''
* Ọdun 1975: ''Tomorrow the Earth will not Change'' ( ''Demain la terre ne changera pas) <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" />''
* Ọdun 1976 : ''green light (Al-daw' al-akhdar) <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" />''
* Ọdun 1979 ''Where Are You Hiding the Sun? <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" />''
* Ọdun 1983 : ''[[Afghanistan Why?|Afiganisitani Why?]]'' <ref>https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/cinema/32-ans-apres-afghanistan-pourquoi-verra-le-jour-119502</ref>
* 1989: The Land of Challenge''/ Ardhu-l tahaddy'' <small>(ti a tun mọ labẹ akọle atilẹba ti 1980 ''Emi yoo Kọ Orukọ rẹ ni Iyanrin'' ) <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /></small>
* Ọdun 2010 : ''Al Qods Bab Al Maghariba'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=https://www.ccm.ma/fnf12/alqods.html |access-date=2025-10-25 |archive-date=2025-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250326144932/https://www.ccm.ma/fnf12/alqods.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 2016]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1936]]
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Amade Camal
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{{Infobox person|name=Amade Camal|birth_date=1954|death_date=18 September 2025|citizenship=Mozambique|occupation=Politician|years active=1994-1999|employer=Member of the Assembly of the Republic|party=Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique}}
'''Amade Chemane Camal Jr.''' (1954 – 18 Oṣù Kẹsàn 2025) jẹ́ olóṣèlú àti oníṣòwò ará Mozambique. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-09-18|title=Amade Camal, a key voice in Mozambique's business and politics, passes away at 71|url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/amade-camal-a-key-voice-in-mozambiques-business-and-politics-passes-away-at-71/|access-date=2026-03-12|website=Mozambique|language=en-US|archive-date=2026-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430182643/https://clubofmozambique.com/news/amade-camal-a-key-voice-in-mozambiques-business-and-politics-passes-away-at-71/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Olórí Àgbà ilé iṣẹ́ Sir Comercio Internacional, àti baba àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tó gbajúmọ̀ ní Mozambique. <ref>{{Cite web|last=silviaapcampanico@gmail.com|date=2025-09-19|title=President Mourns Death of Amade Camal and Highlights Political and Business Legacy • 360 Mozambique|url=https://360mozambique.com/development/president-mourns-death-of-amade-camal-and-highlights-political-and-business-legacy/|access-date=2026-03-12|website=360 Mozambique|language=en-GB}}</ref>Ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin ti Orílẹ̀-èdè Mozambique fún Ìpínlẹ̀ Nampula láti ọdún 1994 sí 1999. <ref>{{cite journal|title=Unknown title|year=1999|journal=Mozambiquefile: A Mozambique News Agency Monthly|issue=274–284|page=10}}</ref>
== Ẹ̀kọ́ ==
Camal lọ sí ilé ìwé alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ kan ní àdúgbò rẹ̀ kí ó tó gba ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ ọ̀fẹ́ láti lọ sí ilé ìwé girama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Central|first=Biography|title=Amade Camal|url=https://biographycentral.com/biography/amade_camal|access-date=2026-03-12|website=Biography Central|language=en}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn tí ó parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ girama pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́, ó gba ìwé-ẹ̀rí sí Yunifásítì Eduardo Mondlane ní Maputo, ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga jùlọ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-21|title=10 Best Universities in Mozambique [2025 Rankings]|url=https://edurank.org/geo/mz/|access-date=2026-03-12|website=EduRank.org - Discover university rankings by location|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-22|title=Top Universities in Mozambique: Best Higher Education Institutions - Stay Ahead with Inforoc. Your Go To Hub for Tech Insights and Solutions.|url=https://inforoc.com/top-universities-in-mozambique/|access-date=2026-03-12|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ní yunifásítì náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ìmọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àjọṣepọ̀ àgbáyé, níbi tí ó ti ní òye pípéye nípa ìṣàkóso, ìjọ́ba, àti àyíká ìpìlẹ̀ ti agbègbè, èyí tí ó ti darí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀. <ref name=":0" />
== Ìṣèlú ==
Camal sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn ìṣòro ètò ìlú ní Maputo, ó ní ètò ìlú tí kò dára ló ń fa ìṣòro ọkọ̀ tó ń lọ lọ́wọ́, pàápàá jùlọ ní àkókò tí ọkọ̀ ń lọ lọ́wọ́, ó sì ń ba ìrìnàjò ìlú jẹ́ ní agbègbè náà. <ref>{{cite web|title=Amade Camal: "falta de um estudo sobre a organização da mobilidade retrai soluções sustentáveis"|url=https://www.oeconomico.com/amade-camal-falta-de-um-estudo-sobre-a-organizacao-da-mobilidade-retrai-solucoes-sustentaveis/|publisher=O Económico|language=Portuguese|date=17 September 2020|access-date=16 June 2025}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2023, láti tako gbígbà tí Ísírẹ́lì gba Palestine, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àjọ Mozambique dá “agbègbè tí kò ní ìpínyà Ísírẹ́lì” sílẹ̀. Ilé iṣẹ́ Camal, Sir International, dara pọ̀ mọ́ ìfẹ̀hónúhàn náà, wọ́n sì sọ pé àwọn kò ní ta ọjà Ísírẹ́lì kankan. <ref>{{cite web|title=Mozambican citizens establish an Israeli Apartheid free zone|url=https://www.mozambiqueinsights.com/mozambican-citizens-establish-an-israeli-apartheid-free-zone/|publisher=Mozambique Insights|date=16 March 2023|access-date=16 June 2025}}</ref>
== Ìgbésí Ayé Ara Ẹni ==
Ẹnìkan tó jẹ́ Mùsùlùmí, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ynveEAAAQBAJ&dq=amade+camal+muslim&pg=PR28|title=Towards Jihad?: Muslims and Politics in Postcolonial Mozambique|date=26 October 2023|publisher=Hurst Publishers}}</ref> Camal lọ síbi kún gbogbogbòò ti Eid al-Adha ní Maputo. Ó fẹ̀sùn kan ìdàgbàsókè ẹ̀sìn Islam ní Mozambique, ó ní ẹ̀sìn Islam jẹ́ ẹ̀sìn ìwé. <ref>{{cite web|title="Nenhum muçulmano mata em nome da religião", disse Sheikh Umar Ayuba|url=https://opais.co.mz/nenhum-muculmano-mata-em-nome-da-religiao-disse-sheikh-umar-ayuba/|publisher=O Pais|language=Portuguese|date=28 June 2023|access-date=16 June 2025}}</ref>
== Ikú ==
Camal kú ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2025, nígbà tí ó pé ọmọ ọdún mọ́kànléláàádọ́rin. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Jesus|first=Tomasia de|date=2025-09-18|title=Presidente Chapo lamenta morte de Amade Camal e enaltece legado político e empresarial - Isoc News|url=https://news.isocmedias.co.mz/2025/09/18/presidente-chapo-lamenta-morte-de-amade-camal-e-enaltece-legado-politico-e-empresarial/,%20https://news.isocmedias.co.mz/2025/09/18/presidente-chapo-lamenta-morte-de-amade-camal-e-enaltece-legado-politico-e-empresarial/|access-date=2026-03-12|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
<references responsive="1"></references>
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 2025]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1954]]
az52jma2qlcufgntb14b8fllmat9hc9
Fifty
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{{Short description|2015 film by Biyi Bandele}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Nigerian English|date=January 2023}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Fifty
| image = Fifty poster.jpeg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = <!--(for non-English films: film's name in its native language)-->
| director = [[Biyi Bandele]]<!-- or: |directors = -->
| producer = [[Tope Oshin]]
| writer = Bola Agbaje <br> [[Kemi Adesoye]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = <!-- {{based on|title of the original work|writer of the original work}} -->
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]]
* [[Ireti Doyle]]
* [[Omoni Oboli]]
* [[Dakore Akande]]
}}
| narrator = <!-- or: |narrators = -->
| music = [[Ben Onono]]
| cinematography = Malcolm John McLean <br> [[Adekunle "Nodash" Adejuyigbe]]
| editing = Matthew Bate
| studio = EbonyLife Films
| distributor = FilmOne Distribution
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2015|10|17|[[British Film Institute|BFI]]|2015|12|13|Lagos|2015|12|18|Nigeria}}
| runtime = 101 minutes
| country = Nigeria
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = ₦87 million<ref name="NET 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://thenet.ng/special-report-these-are-the-highest-grossing-nollywood-films-of-2016-so-far/ |title=Special Report: These are the highest grossing Nollywood films of 2016 so far |date=12 October 2016 |publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref>
}}
'''''Fifty''''' jẹ́ eré ajẹmọ́fẹ̀ẹ́ tí wọ́n ṣe àgbéjáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] ní ọdún un 2015, [[Biyi Bandele]] ni olùdarí eré náà ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún, on 18 December 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/|title=Mo Abudus film|access-date=5 November 2015|website=bellanaija.com |date=29 October 2015 }}</ref>
== Àhunpọ̀ Ìtàn ==
Fifty ń ṣàfihàn díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọjọ́ pàtàkì nínú ìgbé ayé àwọn obìnrin mẹ́rin tí wọ́n ti dé ipò tó lápẹ̀ẹrẹ nínú iṣẹ́ wọn. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, àti Kate jẹ́ ọ̀rẹ́ mẹ́rin tí ìgbà ọ̀dó wọn mú kí wọ́n tún wo bí wọ́n ṣe ń lo ìṣẹ̀mí ayé wọn, látàrí bí wọ́n ṣe ṣiṣẹ́ tí wọ́n sì tún ń ro tẹbí tí wọ́n sì ńiṣẹ́ àti ìdílé pọ̀, pẹ̀lú gbogbo làlà kòkòrò agbègbè ìpínlẹ̀ [[Èkó]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/|title=Fifty, the movie filming location|access-date=5 November 2015|website=zegist.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/|archive-date=9 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Tola jẹ́ irawọ akópa lórí èto tẹlifíṣọ̀n (reality TV star) tí [[ìgbéyàwó]] rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú agbẹjọ́rò Kunle kò ní ànfàní kankan láti gbòrò, nítorí àṣírí ìkọ̀kọ̀ tí àwọn méjèèjì jọ ní nípa inú ẹbí tí wọ́n ti jọ jáde wá.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/|title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015)|access-date=10 September 2025|website=naija2movies.com.ng|archive-date=10 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250910153737/https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Elizabeth jẹ́ dókítà tó wà ní ẹ̀ka tó ń rí sí ètò ọmọ bíbí (obstetrician), ṣùgbọ́n ìfẹ́ rẹ̀ sí àwọn [[ọkùnrin]] tí wọ́n kéré sí i lọ́jọ́-orí ti fa ìyapa láàárín òun àti ọmọ rẹ̀ [[obìnrin]] . Maria, obìnrin àádọ́ta ọdún ó dínkan (49), ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ọkùnrin kan tí ó ti níyàwó, èyí tí ó sì yọrí sí oyún àìròtẹ́lẹ̀. Kate sì ń ja ogun pẹ̀lú àìsàn tó lewu sí ayé ẹ̀, èyí ti jẹ́ kí ó mú ẹ̀sìn lọ́kùn-ún-kúndùn.
== Àwọn Òṣèré Akópa ==
===Ojúlówó Òṣèré===
* [[Ireti Doyle]] kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Elizabeth, ẹni tó nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí àwọn ọkùnrin tó kéré si lọ́jọ́-orí<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Ireti Doyle|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Dakore Akande]] kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Tola, jẹ́ irawọ akópa lórí èto tẹlifíṣọ̀n (reality TV star) tí [[ìgbéyàwó]] rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú agbẹjọ́rò Kunle kò ní ànfàní kankan láti gbòrò, nítorí àṣírí ìkọ̀kọ̀ tí àwọn méjèèjì jọ ní nípa inú ẹbí tí wọ́n ti jọ jáde wá.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Omoni Oboli]] kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Maria<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Omoni Oboli|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Kate<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Nse Ikpe-Etim|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Wale Ojo]] kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Kunle<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Wale Ojo|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* Kachi Nnochiri kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Chike<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Kachi Nnochiri|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Sammy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Emmanuel Ikubese|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi ‘Lala’ Akindoju]] kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Chi Chi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Kemi Akindoju|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Timini Egbuson]] kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Jamal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Timini Egbuson|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Uzor Osimkpa]] kópa gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Sade<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Uzor|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
===Àwọn Gbajúgbajà Olórin===
* [[King Sunny Adé]] kópa láìṣe ìsínjẹ ẹ̀dá ìtàn kankan <ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=King Sunny Ade|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Femi Kuti]] kópa láìṣe ìsínjẹ ẹ̀dá ìtàn kankan <ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Femi Kuti|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Nneka (singer)|Nneka]] kópa láìṣe ìsínjẹ ẹ̀dá ìtàn kankan <ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Nneka|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Tiwa Savage]] kópa láìṣe ìsínjẹ ẹ̀dá ìtàn kankan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Tiwa Savage|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
* [[Waje]] kópa láìṣe ìsínjẹ ẹ̀dá ìtàn kankan <ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 September 2015|title=Waje|access-date=2 November 2012|website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref>
== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
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Cindy Jebb
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{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Cindy R. Jebb
|image = Cindy R. Jebb (2).jpg
|caption =
|office = 5th President of [[Ramapo College]]
|term_start = July 6, 2021
|term_end =
|predecessor = Peter Philip Mercer
|office1 = 14th Dean of the [[United States Military Academy]]
|term_start1 = June 24, 2016
|term_end1 = May 28, 2021
|predecessor1 = [[Timothy Trainor]]
|successor1 = [[Shane R. Reeves|Shane Reeves]]
|birth_name = Cindy Rae Glazier<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.westpointaog.org/FindaGradDisplay?reid=ZHwfQsKNutXsVAFaOmTf4g%3d%3d&bbsys=0&bbrt=0 |title=Cindy Rae Jebb |website=West Point Association of Graduates |accessdate=November 16, 2020}}</ref>
|birth_date =
|birth_place = [[New City, New York]], U.S.
|death_date =
|death_place =
|education = [[United States Military Academy]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) <br> [[Duke University]] ([[PhD]]) <br> [[Naval War College]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
|spouse = Joel Jebb
|children = 3
|allegiance = {{flag|United States}}
|branch = {{army|United States}}
|serviceyears = 1982{{ndash}}2021
|rank = [[File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg|35px]] [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier general]]
|servicenumber =
|unit =
|commands = [[Dean (education)|Dean]], [[United States Military Academy]]
|battles =
|awards =
|relations =
|laterwork =
}}
'''Cindy R. Jebb''' (tí a bí ní Cindy Glazier ) jẹ́ ọ̀gágun àgbà ti ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun [[Amẹ́ríkà|orílè-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] tí ó ti fẹ̀yìntì, tí ipò ìkẹyìn rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ adarí kẹrìnlá (14th) ti Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Ọmọ-ogun ti [[United States|United States Military Academy]] (West Point).
== Ìgbésí ayé ìbéèrè àti ẹ̀kọ́ ==
Jebb kọ́kọ́ lọ sí West Point ní ọdún 1978, ó sì parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1982 pẹ̀lú ìwé ẹ̀rí Bachelor of Science.<ref name=dean>{{Cite web|url=https://www.westpoint.edu/academics/dean|title=Dean of the Academic Board | United States Military Academy West Point|website=www.westpoint.edu|access-date=2026-03-30|archive-date=2024-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228113955/https://www.westpoint.edu/academics/dean|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ó gba ìwé ẹ̀rí MA nínú ìmọ̀ ìṣèlú láti Yunifásítì Duke ní ọdún 1992, ó sì gba ìwé ẹ̀rí PhD nínú ìmọ̀ ìṣèlú ní ọdún 1997. Ó gba ìwé ẹ̀rí MA nínú ìmọ̀ ààbò orílẹ̀-èdè àti ẹ̀kọ́ nípa ètò láti ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ogun ojú omi ní ọdún 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.westpoint.edu/academics|title=Academics |publisher=United States Military Academy West Point}}</ref>
== Ìrìnàjò rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bíi ológun ==
Ní ọdún 1982, wọ́n yan Jebb gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣìṣẹ́ ológun ní Ẹ̀ka Ìmọ̀ Àwùjọ ti West Point, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ṣiṣẹ́ ní National Security Agency (NSA). Nígbà tí ó wà ní NSA, ó jẹ́ ara àwọn olùkọ́ àgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí igbákejì olórí ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ológun 704th. Ní ọdún 2000 sí 2001, ó lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga US Military Academy Fellow Naval War College gẹ́gẹ́bíi olùkọ́ni, ó ń kọ́ni nípa ọgbọ́n àti ètò agbára ọmọ ológun. Ní ọdún 2006 sí 2007, ó tún jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùbẹ̀wò ní Pell Center.<ref name=dean /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/169503/u_s_military_academy_announces_new_academic_dean |title=U.S. Military Academy Announces New Academic Dean |author=Michelle Eberhart |date=June 16, 2016 |publisher=US Army}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jorge|last=Gracia|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/398057/west-point-promotes-recognizes-new-dean-during-cor-ceremony|title=West Point promotes, recognizes new Dean during COR ceremony|date=2021-06-03|website=Defense Visual Information Distribution Service |publisher=US Department of Defense}}</ref>
== Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni ==
Jebb fẹ́ ọkàn lára àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ọmọ ológun, tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joel Jebb]], tí wọ́n sì bí ọmọ mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú fúnra wọn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pointerview.com/2016/08/25/in-focus-brig-gen-cindy-jebb-nearly-40-years-later-the-dream-continues/|title=IN FOCUS: BRIG. GEN. CINDY JEBB Nearly 40 years later, the dream continues |author=Michelle Eberhart |work=Pointer View |date=August 25, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020191528/http://www.pointerview.com/2016/08/25/in-focus-brig-gen-cindy-jebb-nearly-40-years-later-the-dream-continues/ |archivedate=October 20, 2016}}</ref>
== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
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Tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ sí Yorùbá, ṣíṣàfikún àwòrán àti àwọn ìtọ́kasí
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:FrontLines-EGAT 2011 Environment Photo Contest Top Entry (5842818280).jpg|Gíngbin mangrove àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn fún ààbò ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè (habitat conservation) lè dín ìkún omi etíkun kù.
File:Seawallventnor.jpg|Àwọn ògiri ìdènà omi òkun (seawalls) fún ààbò lódì sí ìgbì omi alágbára (storm surge) tí ìgòkè omi òkun ti mú burú sí i.
File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof Edit1.jpg|Àwọn òrùlé aláwọ̀ ewé (green roofs) láti pèsè ìtútù sí i nínú àwọn ìlú.
File:2013.02-402-294a_Pearl_millet,breeding,selfing_ICRISAT,Patancheru(Hyderabad,Andhra_Pradesh),IN_wed20feb2013.jpg|Yíyan àti ìbísí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lè fara da ọ̀dá fún ìmújáde àwọn irugbin tó lè koju àìní omi.
</gallery>
|}
== Àwọn Ìlànà àti Òṣèlú ==
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó wà nínú ewu jù lọ láti ọwọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àwọn tí kò ní ipa púpọ̀ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Èyí sì ń gbé àwọn ìbéèrè nípa ìdájọ́ òdodo àti ìṣòdodo yẹ̀ wò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=Section 3|p=17}}</ref> Dídín ìgbóná ayé kù ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn púpọ̀ láti ṣàṣeyọrí Àwọn Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN Sustainable Development Goals), bíi pípaarẹ́ òṣì àti dídín àìdọ́gba kù. A ti jẹ́wọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ yìí nínú Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero Kẹtàlá (Sustainable Development Goal 13), èyí tí àfojúsùn rẹ̀ jẹ́ “gbígbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kíákíá láti koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀”.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=447}}; United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> Àwọn àfojúsùn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú oúnjẹ, omi mímu tó mọ́, àti ààbò àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ní àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=477}}
Ìṣèlú àgbáyé nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (geopolitics of climate change) jẹ́ ọ̀ràn tó díjú. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wo ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣòro “ẹni tí ń jèrè láì san owó” (free-rider problem), níbi tí gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè ti ń jèrè láti inú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn gbé, ṣùgbọ́n tí orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan lè rí ìpadánù ọrọ̀ ajé bí wọ́n bá yí padà sí ètò ọrọ̀ ajé tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré. Ní àwọn ìgbà kan, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tún ní àwọn àǹfààní tó kan agbègbè kan pàtó. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn àǹfààní tó wà nínú dídá lílo èédú dúró fún ìlera àwọn ènìyàn àti àyíká agbègbè máa ń ju iye owó tí a ná lórí rẹ̀ lọ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo agbègbè.<ref name="Rauner 2020">{{harvnb|Rauner|Bauer|Dirnaichner|Van Dingenen|2020}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú èyí, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń wọ epo àti àwọn epo fosaili mìíràn wọlé máa ń jèrè nípa ọrọ̀ ajé nígbà tí wọ́n bá yí padà sí agbára mímọ́. Ní ìhà kejì, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń ta àwọn epo fosaili jáde lè dojú kọ ìṣòro àwọn ohun-ìní tí kò ní olùra mọ́ (stranded assets), ìyẹn àwọn epo fosaili tí wọn kò lè tà mọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Mercure|Pollitt|Viñuales|Edwards|2018}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Àṣàyàn Ìlànà ===
Ọ̀pọ̀ oríṣìíríṣìí ìlànà, ìlànà ìṣàkóso, àti òfin ni a ń lò láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù. Ní ọdún 2019, ìṣètò ìye carbon (carbon pricing) bo nǹkan bí ìdá 20% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank, June|2019|p=12|loc=Box 1}}</ref> A lè fi owó sí carbon nípasẹ̀ owó-ori carbon (carbon taxes) àti ètò ìṣòwò ìtújáde (emissions trading systems).<ref>{{harvnb|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}}; {{harvnb|Hagmann|Ho|Loewenstein|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn ìrànwọ́ ìjọba fún epo fosaili dé $319 billion ní ọdún 2017, àti tó $5.2 trillion tí a bá kà àwọn ìnáwó àìrìrìn bíi ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ (air pollution) sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1866}}</ref> Dídá irú àwọn ìrànwọ́ wọ̀nyí dúró lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù ní ìdá 28% àti dín ìkú tó wá láti ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ kù ní ìdá 46%.<ref>{{harvnb|UN Human Development Report|2020|p=10}}</ref> Owó tí a bá fi pamọ́ nínú ìrànwọ́ epo fosaili lè jẹ́ kí a lò ó fún ìtìlẹ́yìn ìyípadà sí agbára mímọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|International Institute for Sustainable Development|2019|p=iv}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà míì tó taara láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n agbára ọkọ̀ (vehicle efficiency standards), ìlànà lílo epo mímọ́ (renewable fuel standards), àti ìlànà ìdènà ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá.<ref>{{harvnb|ICCT|2019|p=iv}}; {{harvnb|Natural Resources Defense Council, 29 September|2017}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè tún ń béèrè pé kí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ amáyédẹrùn iná mànàmáná (utilities) pọ̀ si ìpín agbára àtúnlò nínú ìmújáde iná.<ref>{{harvnb|National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April|2020}}; {{harvnb|European Parliament, February|2020}}</ref> A dá “Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets” sílẹ̀ ní COP30 (2025) pẹ̀lú ète láti dá ètò cap-and-trade àgbáyé sílẹ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìṣirò kan, ètò yìí lè mú kí ìdínkù ìtújáde pọ̀ sí i ní ìgbà méje ju àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ, kó tó $200 billion lọ́dọọdún fún agbára mímọ́ àti àwọn ètò àwùjọ, àti pé ó lè pa àlàfo tó wà láàárín ìtújáde tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ àti àwọn àfojúsùn Ìpinnu Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Building a Climate Coalition: Aligning Carbon Pricing, Trade, and Development |url=https://salatainstitute.harvard.edu/building-a-climate-coalition-gcpp-flagship-report/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |website=The Salata Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carbon Market Coalition Welcomes 18 Member Countries at COP30 |url=https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18-member-countries-at-cop30 |website=COP30 Brasil Amazonia Belem 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coppenborge |first1=Florentine |title=A coalition on compliance carbon markets to make climate clubs politically feasible |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=16 January 2026 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=232–233 |doi=10.1038/s41558-025-02541-5 |bibcode=2026NatCC..16..232K |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02541-5 |access-date=16 January 2026}}</ref>
=== Ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Ìlànà tí a ṣe lábẹ́ ojú ìwòye ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbìyànjú láti koju àwọn ọ̀ràn ẹ̀tọ́ ènìyàn àti àìdọ́gba àwùjọ. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùgbéyàwò ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe sọ, àwọn tí ó ní ojúṣe jùlọ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ó yẹ kí wọ́n san owó fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation), nígbà tí àwọn tí yóò jèrè owó yìí yẹ kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan jùlọ. Ọ̀nà kan láti ṣe é nínú ìṣe ni pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọlọ́rọ̀ san owó fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní láti ṣe ìmúra sílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 16 October|2021}}</ref>
Oxfam rí i pé ní ọdún 2023, ìdá 10% àwọn ènìyàn tó lágbára jù lọ ní ọrọ̀ ajé ló jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 50% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì àgbáyé, nígbà tí ìdá 50% tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 8% nìkan.<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Khalfan |first1=Ashfaq |last2=Nilsson Lewis |first2=Astrid |last3=Aguilar |first3=Carlos |last4=Persson |first4=Jaqueline |last5=Lawson |first5=Max |last6=Dabi |first6=Nafkote |last7=Jayoussi |first7=Safa |last8=Acharya |first8=Sunil |title=Climate Equality: A planet for the 99% |date=2023 |doi=10.21201/2023.000001 |hdl=10546/621551 }}</ref> Ọ̀nà míì láti wo ojúṣe ni nípa ìmújáde ìtújáde fúnra rẹ̀: gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlànà yìí, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili 21 tó ga jù lọ yóò jẹ́ gbèsè ìsanpada ìbàjẹ́ ojú-ọjọ́ tó tó $5.4 trillion láàárín ọdún 2025 sí 2050.<ref name=OneEarth_20230519>{{cite journal |last1=Grasso |first1=Marco |last2=Heede |first2=Richard |title=Time to pay the piper: Fossil fuel companies' reparations for climate damages |journal=One Earth |date=19 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=459–463 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.04.012 |bibcode=2023OEart...6..459G |bibcode-access=free |doi-access=free |hdl=10281/416137 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà tó dá lórí ìdájọ́ òdodo (just transition), àwọn ènìyàn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka epo fosaili yóò nílò àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn, àti pé àwọn àwùjọ wọn yóò nílò ìdókòwò àti ìtìlẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 4 Jan|2017}}.</ref>
=== Àwọn àdéhùn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ===
[[Fáìlì:Total CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Láti ọdún 2000, ìdàgbàsókè ìtújáde CO₂ ní Ṣáínà àti àwọn apá mìíràn ti ayé ti kọjá ti United States àti Yúróòpù.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019">{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}, Table 7.</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetByRegion_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 73: Global CO2 emissions by region |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Per Capita CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn, United States ń ṣe ìtújáde CO₂ ní ìyára tó ga jù lọ ju àwọn agbègbè pàtàkì mìíràn lọ.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019"/><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetPerCapita_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 74: Global CO2 emissions per capita |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Fere gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ayé ni wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Adehun Àgbáyé Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) ti ọdún 1994.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}}</ref> Àfojúsùn UNFCCC ni láti dènà ìfarapa tí ènìyàn lè fa sí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC|1992|loc=Article 2}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe sọ nínú àdéhùn náà, èyí ń béèrè kí a mú ìpele àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná dúró ní afẹ́fẹ́ ní àkókò kan tí yóò jẹ́ kí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lọ́nà àdánidá, kí ìmújáde oúnjẹ má bàjẹ́, àti kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé lè tẹ̀síwájú.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007|p=97}}.</ref> UNFCCC fúnra rẹ̀ kò fi ìdínkù ìtújáde lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè lórí taara, ṣùgbọ́n ó pèsè àgbékalẹ̀ fún àwọn àdéhùn mìíràn tí ń ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Ìtújáde àgbáyé ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìgbà tí UNFCCC ti bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name="EPA-2019">{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn àpérò ọdún rẹ̀ ni a máa ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààyè fún ìjíròrò àti ìdúnàádúrà ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences?"}}</ref>
Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol) ti ọdún 1997 gbooro sí i lórí UNFCCC, ó sì ní àwọn ìlérí tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà láti dín ìtújáde wọn kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Kyoto Protocol|1997}}; {{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref> Nígbà àwọn ìdúnàádúrà náà, G77 (tó ń ṣojú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà) tẹnu mọ́ ìlànà kan tó ń béèrè pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà “ṣáájú” nínú dídín ìtújáde wọn kù,<ref>{{harvnb|Dessai|2001|p=4}}; {{harvnb|Grubb|2003}}.</ref> nítorí pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí ló kópa jù lọ nínú ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Ìtújáde fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn (per-capita emissions) ṣì kéré ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà nígbà náà, àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí yóò nílò láti tú gáàsì sí i láti lè bá àwọn àìní ìdàgbàsókè wọn mu.<ref>{{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref>
Adehun Copenhagen (Copenhagen Accord) ti ọdún 2009 ni a ti ṣàpèjúwe ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí kò ṣàṣeyọrí púpọ̀ nítorí àwọn àfojúsùn rẹ̀ tó kéré, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní sì kọ̀ ọ́, pẹ̀lú G77.<ref>{{harvnb|Müller|2010}}; {{harvnb|The New York Times, 25 May|2015}}; {{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}; {{harvnb|EUobserver, 20 December|2009}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tó fọwọ́ sí i ní ète láti fi ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}.</ref> Adehun náà gbé àfojúsùn kalẹ̀ láti pèsè $100 billion lọ́dọọdún fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù àti fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ní ọdún 2020, ó sì dámọ̀ràn ìdásílẹ̀ Àpò Owó Ojú-ọjọ́ Aláwọ̀ Ewé (Green Climate Fund).<ref>{{cite conference |date=7–18 December 2009 |title=Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |location=Copenhagen |id=FCCC/CP/2009/L.7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018074452/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |archive-date=18 October 2010 |access-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2020, $83.3 billion péré ni a ti pèsè. Kì í ṣe títí di ọdún 2023 ni a retí pé àfojúsùn náà yóò ṣẹ.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bennett |first1=Paige |title=High-Income Nations Are on Track Now to Meet $100 Billion Climate Pledges, but They're Late |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/wealthy-countries-climate-change-reparations.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |agency=Ecowatch |date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2015, gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN) dúnàádúrà lórí Adehun Paris (Paris Agreement), èyí tí ó ní ète láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró jìnà sí 2.0 °C, tí ó sì tún ní àfojúsùn àfikún láti pa ìgbóná ayé mọ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ 1.5 °C.{{sfn|Paris Agreement|2015}} Adehun náà rọ́pò Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol). Kò dàbí Kyoto, a kò ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn ìdínkù ìtújáde tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin nínú Adehun Paris. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìlànà ìṣe tí ó jẹ́ dandan. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ máa ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn tuntun tí ó túbọ̀ lágbára, kí wọ́n sì tún ṣe àyẹ̀wò wọn lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní gbogbo ọdún márùn-ún.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 8 October|2018}}.</ref> Adehun Paris tún jẹ́rìí sí i pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà gbọ́dọ̀ gba ìtìlẹ́yìn owó.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=5}}.</ref> Títí di oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2025, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ 194 àti Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (European Union) ti darapọ̀ mọ́ tàbí fọwọ́ sí adehun náà.<ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Treaties, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection}}; {{harvnb|Salon, 25 September|2019}}.</ref>
Ìlànà Montreal (Montreal Protocol) ti ọdún 1987, tó jẹ́ àdéhùn àgbáyé láti dá ìmújáde àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ dúró, ti ní àwọn àǹfààní fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> Díẹ̀ lára àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́, bíi chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an. Nítorí náà, dídènà ìmújáde àti lílo wọn lè ti yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.0 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 31}}</ref> pẹ̀lú ìgbóná àfikún míì nípa dídènà ìbàjẹ́ ewéko láti ọwọ́ ìtanràn ultraviolet.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 35}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> A ti ṣírò pé àdéhùn náà ti munadoko jù Ìlànà Kyoto lọ nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Kyoto ni a ṣe ní pàtàkì fún ète yẹn.<ref>{{harvnb|Goyal|England|Sen Gupta|Jucker|2019}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}</ref> Àtúnṣe tuntun jù lọ sí Ìlànà Montreal, Ìtúnṣe Kigali (Kigali Amendment) ti ọdún 2016, fi ojúṣe lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè láti dín ìtújáde hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) kù. Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí àropò fún àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ tí a ti fòfin de, wọ́n sì tún jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 21 November|2017}}</ref> Tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bá tẹ̀lé àtúnṣe náà, a fojú díwọ̀n pé a lè yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.3 °C sí 0.5 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|p=15}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Daniel|Montzka|Vimont|Rigby|Krummel|Muhle|O'Doherty|Prinn,|Weiss|Young|2022}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ìdáhùn Orílẹ̀-èdè Kọ̀ọ̀kan ===
[[Fáìlì:Global annual CO2 emissions by world region since 1750.svg|thumb|Ìtújáde CO₂ lọ́dọọdún gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbègbè. Èyí ń díwọ̀n ìtújáde láti inú epo fosaili àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́. Àwọn ìyípadà nínú lílo ilẹ̀ kò sí nínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region |title=Annual {{CO2}} emissions by world region |website=ourworldindata.org |publisher=[[Our World in Data]] |format=chart|access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, ilé aṣòfin United Kingdom di ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè àkọ́kọ́ láti kéde ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ (climate emergency).<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC, 1 May|2019}}; {{Harvnb|Vice, 2 May|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè ìṣàkóso mìíràn sì tẹ̀lé àpẹẹrẹ náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Verge, 27 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún kan náà, Ilé Aṣòfin Yúróòpù (European Parliament) kéde “ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ àti àyíká” (climate and environmental emergency).<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 November|2019}}</ref> Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù (European Commission) gbé European Green Deal kalẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àfojúsùn láti jẹ́ kí Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (EU) di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Politico, 11 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 2021, Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù tú àkójọpọ̀ òfin “Fit for 55” jáde, èyí tí ó ní àwọn ìtọ́nisọ́nà fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́; gbogbo ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tuntun ní ọjà Yúróòpù gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ọkọ̀ tí kò ní ìtújáde gáàsì rárá (zero-emission vehicles) láti ọdún 2035.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541 |work=[[European Commission]] |date=14 July 2021}}</ref>
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ńlá ní Éṣíà ti ṣe irú àwọn ìlérí bẹ́ẹ̀: South Korea àti Japan ti ṣe ìlérí láti di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050, àti Ṣáínà ní ọdún 2060.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 October|2020}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé India ní àwọn ìdí tó lágbára láti gbé agbára àtúnlò lárugẹ, ó tún ní ètò láti mú lílo èédú (coal) pọ̀ sí i ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker}}</ref> Vietnam jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè díẹ̀ tí ó gbára lé èédú gan-an tí ó sì ń dàgbà ní kíákíá, tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìlérí láti fòpin sí lílo iná èédú tí kò ní ìgbésẹ̀ ìdínkù ìtújáde (unabated coal power) ní àwọn ọdún 2040 tàbí ní kíákíá lẹ́yìn náà bí ó bá ṣeé ṣe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Do |first1=Thang Nam |last2=Burke |first2=Paul J. |title=Phasing out coal power in a developing country context: Insights from Vietnam |journal=Energy Policy |year=2023 |volume=176 |issue=May 2023 113512 |article-number=113512 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113512 |bibcode=2023EnPol.17613512D |hdl=1885/286612 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
As of 2021, based on information from 48 national climate plans, which represent 40% of the parties to the Paris Agreement, estimated total greenhouse gas emissions will be 0.5% lower compared to 2010 levels, below the 45% or 25% reduction goals to limit global warming to 1.5 °C or 2 °C, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021|pp=4–5}}; {{cite news |author=UNFCCC Press Office |date=26 February 2021 |title=Greater Climate Ambition Urged as Initial NDC Synthesis Report Is Published |url=https://unfccc.int/news/greater-climate-ambition-urged-as-initial-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
== Awujọ àti àṣà ==
=== Ìtìkà àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:20200327 Climate change deniers cherry picking time periods.gif|thumb|A ti yan data kúrò nínú àwọn àkókò kúkúrú láti fi ṣàṣìṣe sọ pé ìgbóná àgbáyé kò ń pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn laini àtẹ̀jáde buluu (blue trendlines) ń fi hàn àwọn àkókò kúkúrú tí ó bo ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná tí ó pẹ́ jù (red trendlines). Àpótí buluu pẹ̀lú àwọn kíkà buluu ń ṣàfihàn ohun tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus.{{sfn|Stover|2014}}]]
Ìjíròrò gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ní ipa gidi látàrí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́, èyí tí ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní United States, tí ó sì ti tan sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì, pàápàá jù lọ Canada àti Australia. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, àwọn ìlúmọ̀ọ́kànlẹ̀ olóṣèlú alátakò (conservative think tanks), àti àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì alátakò.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|pp=144, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&pg=PA155 155]}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ilé-iṣẹ́ taba ṣe tẹ̀lé ṣáájú, ìlànà pàtàkì àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí ni láti dá ìyemeji sílẹ̀ lórí data sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn abajade ìwádìí tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.[419]<ref>{{harvnb|Oreskes|Conway|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí ń ní ìyemeji tí kò ní ìdí tó dájú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a máa ń pè ní “skeptics” ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bí “contrarians” tàbí “deniers” ni ó yẹ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Neill|Boykoff|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref>
Oríṣìíríṣìí ìrísí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ wà: díẹ̀ ń sẹ́ pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá, díẹ̀ ń gba pé ìgbóná ń pọ̀ sí i ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ń sọ pé àwọn ipa àdánidá ló ń fa a, àwọn míì sì ń dín ipa búburú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name="Björnberg 2017">{{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Ṣíṣe ìyemeji lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì yípadà sí ìdààmú tí a dá mọ́ọ̀mọ́: ìdààmú tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti jẹ́ kí ènìyàn rò pé ìyemeji púpọ̀ wà nínú àwùjọ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, kí ó lè fa ìdádúró nínú ìyípadà ìlànà ìjọba.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2015|p=308}}.</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà tí a fi ń gbé àwọn èrò wọ̀nyí kalẹ̀ ni ìbáwí àti ìkọ̀lù sí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì,<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|p=146}}.</ref> àti bí a ṣe ń béèrè ìdí àti ìlòkàn àwọn onímọ̀ kọọkan.<ref name="Björnberg 2017"/> Àwọn àgbègbè ìsọfúnni (echo chamber) nínú àwọn blog àti média tí ń sẹ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti tún ń mú àìgbọ́ye pọ̀ sí i nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Harvey|Van den Berg|Ellers|Kampen|2018}}</ref>
=== Ìmọ̀ àti ojú-ìwòye gbogbo ènìyàn ===
[[File:20220629 Public estimates of scientific consensus on climate change - horizontal bar chart.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| TÀwọn ènìyàn gbangba (public) ń kéré sí ìmòye gidi nípa ìpò ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (data 2022).<ref name=KingsCollegeReport_20220629>{{cite web |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |website=PERITIA Trust EU – The Policy Institute of King's College London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |page=4 |date=June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìwádìí láàárín 2019 sí 2021<ref name="Powell2019">{{cite journal |last1=Powell |first1=James |date=20 November 2019 |title=Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming |journal=[[Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society]] |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=183–184 |doi=10.1177/0270467619886266 }}</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2=Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode=2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free }}</ref> fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì wà ní àárín 98.7 sí 100%.]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àfiyèsí gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ayé ní ìparí ọdún 1980s.<ref name="Weart">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}}</ref> Nítorí ìròyìn média ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1990s, àwọn ènìyàn sábà máa ń dà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọ̀ràn àyíká mìíràn bíi ìparun ozone (ozone depletion).<ref name="Newell2006">{{harvnb|Newell|2006|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}}</ref> Nínú àṣà gbajúgbajà (popular culture), fíìmù ìtàn ìmọ̀-jinlẹ̀ The Day After Tomorrow (2004) àti àkọsílẹ̀ Al Gore An Inconvenient Truth (2006) ló dojú kọ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ́lé pàtàkì.<ref name="Weart" />
lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kan, àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọdọ, ni ó ṣeé ṣe jù lọ láti ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìbànújẹ tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ biology fún kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì ní ọdún 2010s ní àkóónú kéré síi lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ju ti ọdún ṣáájú lọ, pẹ̀lú ìtẹnumọ́ kéré síi lórí àwọn ojútùú.<ref>https://undark.org/2023/01/10/in-some-textbooks-climate-change-content-is-few-and-far-between/</ref> Àwọn ìyàtọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ olóṣèlú (partisan gaps) tún wà ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}.</ref> àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga jù lọ sábà máa ń ní ìbànújẹ kéré síi.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwòye lórí àwọn ìdí tí ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yàtọ̀ gan-an láàárín àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=7}}.</ref> Ìròyìn média tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìdáríjì (protests) ti ní ipa lórí ìmọ̀ àti ìmọ̀lára gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú àwọn apá tí a ń tẹnumọ́ nínú ìjíròrò ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulliver |first=Robyn |date=3 November 2021 |title=A Comparative Analysis of Australian Media Coverage of the 2019 Climate Protests |url=https://commonslibrary.org/a-comparative-analysis-of-australian-media-coverage-of-the-2019-climate-protests/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ìpele ìbànújẹ tó ga jọmọ́ ìtìlẹ́yìn gbogbo ènìyàn tó lágbára sí ìlànà tó ń koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Leiserowitz|2013|p=943}}.</ref> Ìbànújẹ ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2024|pp=22–26}}</ref> àti ní ọdún 2021 ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aráàlú ní orílẹ̀-èdè 30 fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìbànújẹ gíga tàbí wọ́n ka a sí ìpò pàjáwìrì àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=9}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2021|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwádìí 2024 ní orílẹ̀-èdè 125 fi hàn pé 89% àwọn ènìyàn ayé fẹ́ kí ìgbésẹ̀ ìṣèlú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára síi, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n sábà máa ń kéré sí ìtóye ìmúra àwọn míì láti ṣe ìgbésẹ̀.<ref name=Damian>{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |title='Spiral of silence': climate action is very popular, so why don't people realise it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/22/spiral-of-silence-climate-action-very-popular-why-dont-people-realise |access-date=22 April 2025 |agency=The Guardian |date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=Peter>{{cite journal |last1=Andre |first1=Peter |last2=Boneva |first2=Teodora |last3=Chopra |first3=Felix |last4=Falk |first4=Armin |title=Globally representative evidence on the actual and perceived support for climate action |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=9 February 2024 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=253–259 |doi=10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3 |bibcode=2024NatCC..14..253A }}</ref>
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:FrontLines-EGAT 2011 Environment Photo Contest Top Entry (5842818280).jpg|Gíngbin mangrove àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn fún ààbò ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè (habitat conservation) lè dín ìkún omi etíkun kù.
File:Seawallventnor.jpg|Àwọn ògiri ìdènà omi òkun (seawalls) fún ààbò lódì sí ìgbì omi alágbára (storm surge) tí ìgòkè omi òkun ti mú burú sí i.
File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof Edit1.jpg|Àwọn òrùlé aláwọ̀ ewé (green roofs) láti pèsè ìtútù sí i nínú àwọn ìlú.
File:2013.02-402-294a_Pearl_millet,breeding,selfing_ICRISAT,Patancheru(Hyderabad,Andhra_Pradesh),IN_wed20feb2013.jpg|Yíyan àti ìbísí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lè fara da ọ̀dá fún ìmújáde àwọn irugbin tó lè koju àìní omi.
</gallery>
|}
== Àwọn Ìlànà àti Òṣèlú ==
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó wà nínú ewu jù lọ láti ọwọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àwọn tí kò ní ipa púpọ̀ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Èyí sì ń gbé àwọn ìbéèrè nípa ìdájọ́ òdodo àti ìṣòdodo yẹ̀ wò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=Section 3|p=17}}</ref> Dídín ìgbóná ayé kù ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn púpọ̀ láti ṣàṣeyọrí Àwọn Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN Sustainable Development Goals), bíi pípaarẹ́ òṣì àti dídín àìdọ́gba kù. A ti jẹ́wọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ yìí nínú Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero Kẹtàlá (Sustainable Development Goal 13), èyí tí àfojúsùn rẹ̀ jẹ́ “gbígbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kíákíá láti koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀”.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=447}}; United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> Àwọn àfojúsùn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú oúnjẹ, omi mímu tó mọ́, àti ààbò àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ní àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=477}}
Ìṣèlú àgbáyé nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (geopolitics of climate change) jẹ́ ọ̀ràn tó díjú. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wo ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣòro “ẹni tí ń jèrè láì san owó” (free-rider problem), níbi tí gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè ti ń jèrè láti inú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn gbé, ṣùgbọ́n tí orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan lè rí ìpadánù ọrọ̀ ajé bí wọ́n bá yí padà sí ètò ọrọ̀ ajé tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré. Ní àwọn ìgbà kan, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tún ní àwọn àǹfààní tó kan agbègbè kan pàtó. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn àǹfààní tó wà nínú dídá lílo èédú dúró fún ìlera àwọn ènìyàn àti àyíká agbègbè máa ń ju iye owó tí a ná lórí rẹ̀ lọ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo agbègbè.<ref name="Rauner 2020">{{harvnb|Rauner|Bauer|Dirnaichner|Van Dingenen|2020}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú èyí, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń wọ epo àti àwọn epo fosaili mìíràn wọlé máa ń jèrè nípa ọrọ̀ ajé nígbà tí wọ́n bá yí padà sí agbára mímọ́. Ní ìhà kejì, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń ta àwọn epo fosaili jáde lè dojú kọ ìṣòro àwọn ohun-ìní tí kò ní olùra mọ́ (stranded assets), ìyẹn àwọn epo fosaili tí wọn kò lè tà mọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Mercure|Pollitt|Viñuales|Edwards|2018}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Àṣàyàn Ìlànà ===
Ọ̀pọ̀ oríṣìíríṣìí ìlànà, ìlànà ìṣàkóso, àti òfin ni a ń lò láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù. Ní ọdún 2019, ìṣètò ìye carbon (carbon pricing) bo nǹkan bí ìdá 20% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank, June|2019|p=12|loc=Box 1}}</ref> A lè fi owó sí carbon nípasẹ̀ owó-ori carbon (carbon taxes) àti ètò ìṣòwò ìtújáde (emissions trading systems).<ref>{{harvnb|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}}; {{harvnb|Hagmann|Ho|Loewenstein|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn ìrànwọ́ ìjọba fún epo fosaili dé $319 billion ní ọdún 2017, àti tó $5.2 trillion tí a bá kà àwọn ìnáwó àìrìrìn bíi ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ (air pollution) sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1866}}</ref> Dídá irú àwọn ìrànwọ́ wọ̀nyí dúró lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù ní ìdá 28% àti dín ìkú tó wá láti ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ kù ní ìdá 46%.<ref>{{harvnb|UN Human Development Report|2020|p=10}}</ref> Owó tí a bá fi pamọ́ nínú ìrànwọ́ epo fosaili lè jẹ́ kí a lò ó fún ìtìlẹ́yìn ìyípadà sí agbára mímọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|International Institute for Sustainable Development|2019|p=iv}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà míì tó taara láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n agbára ọkọ̀ (vehicle efficiency standards), ìlànà lílo epo mímọ́ (renewable fuel standards), àti ìlànà ìdènà ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá.<ref>{{harvnb|ICCT|2019|p=iv}}; {{harvnb|Natural Resources Defense Council, 29 September|2017}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè tún ń béèrè pé kí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ amáyédẹrùn iná mànàmáná (utilities) pọ̀ si ìpín agbára àtúnlò nínú ìmújáde iná.<ref>{{harvnb|National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April|2020}}; {{harvnb|European Parliament, February|2020}}</ref> A dá “Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets” sílẹ̀ ní COP30 (2025) pẹ̀lú ète láti dá ètò cap-and-trade àgbáyé sílẹ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìṣirò kan, ètò yìí lè mú kí ìdínkù ìtújáde pọ̀ sí i ní ìgbà méje ju àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ, kó tó $200 billion lọ́dọọdún fún agbára mímọ́ àti àwọn ètò àwùjọ, àti pé ó lè pa àlàfo tó wà láàárín ìtújáde tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ àti àwọn àfojúsùn Ìpinnu Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Building a Climate Coalition: Aligning Carbon Pricing, Trade, and Development |url=https://salatainstitute.harvard.edu/building-a-climate-coalition-gcpp-flagship-report/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |website=The Salata Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carbon Market Coalition Welcomes 18 Member Countries at COP30 |url=https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18-member-countries-at-cop30 |website=COP30 Brasil Amazonia Belem 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coppenborge |first1=Florentine |title=A coalition on compliance carbon markets to make climate clubs politically feasible |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=16 January 2026 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=232–233 |doi=10.1038/s41558-025-02541-5 |bibcode=2026NatCC..16..232K |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02541-5 |access-date=16 January 2026}}</ref>
=== Ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Ìlànà tí a ṣe lábẹ́ ojú ìwòye ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbìyànjú láti koju àwọn ọ̀ràn ẹ̀tọ́ ènìyàn àti àìdọ́gba àwùjọ. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùgbéyàwò ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe sọ, àwọn tí ó ní ojúṣe jùlọ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ó yẹ kí wọ́n san owó fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation), nígbà tí àwọn tí yóò jèrè owó yìí yẹ kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan jùlọ. Ọ̀nà kan láti ṣe é nínú ìṣe ni pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọlọ́rọ̀ san owó fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní láti ṣe ìmúra sílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 16 October|2021}}</ref>
Oxfam rí i pé ní ọdún 2023, ìdá 10% àwọn ènìyàn tó lágbára jù lọ ní ọrọ̀ ajé ló jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 50% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì àgbáyé, nígbà tí ìdá 50% tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 8% nìkan.<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Khalfan |first1=Ashfaq |last2=Nilsson Lewis |first2=Astrid |last3=Aguilar |first3=Carlos |last4=Persson |first4=Jaqueline |last5=Lawson |first5=Max |last6=Dabi |first6=Nafkote |last7=Jayoussi |first7=Safa |last8=Acharya |first8=Sunil |title=Climate Equality: A planet for the 99% |date=2023 |doi=10.21201/2023.000001 |hdl=10546/621551 }}</ref> Ọ̀nà míì láti wo ojúṣe ni nípa ìmújáde ìtújáde fúnra rẹ̀: gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlànà yìí, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili 21 tó ga jù lọ yóò jẹ́ gbèsè ìsanpada ìbàjẹ́ ojú-ọjọ́ tó tó $5.4 trillion láàárín ọdún 2025 sí 2050.<ref name=OneEarth_20230519>{{cite journal |last1=Grasso |first1=Marco |last2=Heede |first2=Richard |title=Time to pay the piper: Fossil fuel companies' reparations for climate damages |journal=One Earth |date=19 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=459–463 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.04.012 |bibcode=2023OEart...6..459G |bibcode-access=free |doi-access=free |hdl=10281/416137 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà tó dá lórí ìdájọ́ òdodo (just transition), àwọn ènìyàn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka epo fosaili yóò nílò àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn, àti pé àwọn àwùjọ wọn yóò nílò ìdókòwò àti ìtìlẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 4 Jan|2017}}.</ref>
=== Àwọn àdéhùn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ===
[[Fáìlì:Total CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Láti ọdún 2000, ìdàgbàsókè ìtújáde CO₂ ní Ṣáínà àti àwọn apá mìíràn ti ayé ti kọjá ti United States àti Yúróòpù.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019">{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}, Table 7.</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetByRegion_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 73: Global CO2 emissions by region |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Per Capita CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn, United States ń ṣe ìtújáde CO₂ ní ìyára tó ga jù lọ ju àwọn agbègbè pàtàkì mìíràn lọ.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019"/><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetPerCapita_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 74: Global CO2 emissions per capita |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Fere gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ayé ni wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Adehun Àgbáyé Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) ti ọdún 1994.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}}</ref> Àfojúsùn UNFCCC ni láti dènà ìfarapa tí ènìyàn lè fa sí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC|1992|loc=Article 2}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe sọ nínú àdéhùn náà, èyí ń béèrè kí a mú ìpele àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná dúró ní afẹ́fẹ́ ní àkókò kan tí yóò jẹ́ kí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lọ́nà àdánidá, kí ìmújáde oúnjẹ má bàjẹ́, àti kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé lè tẹ̀síwájú.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007|p=97}}.</ref> UNFCCC fúnra rẹ̀ kò fi ìdínkù ìtújáde lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè lórí taara, ṣùgbọ́n ó pèsè àgbékalẹ̀ fún àwọn àdéhùn mìíràn tí ń ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Ìtújáde àgbáyé ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìgbà tí UNFCCC ti bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name="EPA-2019">{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn àpérò ọdún rẹ̀ ni a máa ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààyè fún ìjíròrò àti ìdúnàádúrà ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences?"}}</ref>
Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol) ti ọdún 1997 gbooro sí i lórí UNFCCC, ó sì ní àwọn ìlérí tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà láti dín ìtújáde wọn kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Kyoto Protocol|1997}}; {{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref> Nígbà àwọn ìdúnàádúrà náà, G77 (tó ń ṣojú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà) tẹnu mọ́ ìlànà kan tó ń béèrè pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà “ṣáájú” nínú dídín ìtújáde wọn kù,<ref>{{harvnb|Dessai|2001|p=4}}; {{harvnb|Grubb|2003}}.</ref> nítorí pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí ló kópa jù lọ nínú ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Ìtújáde fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn (per-capita emissions) ṣì kéré ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà nígbà náà, àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí yóò nílò láti tú gáàsì sí i láti lè bá àwọn àìní ìdàgbàsókè wọn mu.<ref>{{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref>
Adehun Copenhagen (Copenhagen Accord) ti ọdún 2009 ni a ti ṣàpèjúwe ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí kò ṣàṣeyọrí púpọ̀ nítorí àwọn àfojúsùn rẹ̀ tó kéré, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní sì kọ̀ ọ́, pẹ̀lú G77.<ref>{{harvnb|Müller|2010}}; {{harvnb|The New York Times, 25 May|2015}}; {{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}; {{harvnb|EUobserver, 20 December|2009}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tó fọwọ́ sí i ní ète láti fi ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}.</ref> Adehun náà gbé àfojúsùn kalẹ̀ láti pèsè $100 billion lọ́dọọdún fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù àti fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ní ọdún 2020, ó sì dámọ̀ràn ìdásílẹ̀ Àpò Owó Ojú-ọjọ́ Aláwọ̀ Ewé (Green Climate Fund).<ref>{{cite conference |date=7–18 December 2009 |title=Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |location=Copenhagen |id=FCCC/CP/2009/L.7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018074452/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |archive-date=18 October 2010 |access-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2020, $83.3 billion péré ni a ti pèsè. Kì í ṣe títí di ọdún 2023 ni a retí pé àfojúsùn náà yóò ṣẹ.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bennett |first1=Paige |title=High-Income Nations Are on Track Now to Meet $100 Billion Climate Pledges, but They're Late |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/wealthy-countries-climate-change-reparations.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |agency=Ecowatch |date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2015, gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN) dúnàádúrà lórí Adehun Paris (Paris Agreement), èyí tí ó ní ète láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró jìnà sí 2.0 °C, tí ó sì tún ní àfojúsùn àfikún láti pa ìgbóná ayé mọ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ 1.5 °C.{{sfn|Paris Agreement|2015}} Adehun náà rọ́pò Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol). Kò dàbí Kyoto, a kò ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn ìdínkù ìtújáde tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin nínú Adehun Paris. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìlànà ìṣe tí ó jẹ́ dandan. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ máa ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn tuntun tí ó túbọ̀ lágbára, kí wọ́n sì tún ṣe àyẹ̀wò wọn lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní gbogbo ọdún márùn-ún.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 8 October|2018}}.</ref> Adehun Paris tún jẹ́rìí sí i pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà gbọ́dọ̀ gba ìtìlẹ́yìn owó.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=5}}.</ref> Títí di oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2025, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ 194 àti Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (European Union) ti darapọ̀ mọ́ tàbí fọwọ́ sí adehun náà.<ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Treaties, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection}}; {{harvnb|Salon, 25 September|2019}}.</ref>
Ìlànà Montreal (Montreal Protocol) ti ọdún 1987, tó jẹ́ àdéhùn àgbáyé láti dá ìmújáde àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ dúró, ti ní àwọn àǹfààní fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> Díẹ̀ lára àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́, bíi chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an. Nítorí náà, dídènà ìmújáde àti lílo wọn lè ti yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.0 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 31}}</ref> pẹ̀lú ìgbóná àfikún míì nípa dídènà ìbàjẹ́ ewéko láti ọwọ́ ìtanràn ultraviolet.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 35}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> A ti ṣírò pé àdéhùn náà ti munadoko jù Ìlànà Kyoto lọ nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Kyoto ni a ṣe ní pàtàkì fún ète yẹn.<ref>{{harvnb|Goyal|England|Sen Gupta|Jucker|2019}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}</ref> Àtúnṣe tuntun jù lọ sí Ìlànà Montreal, Ìtúnṣe Kigali (Kigali Amendment) ti ọdún 2016, fi ojúṣe lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè láti dín ìtújáde hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) kù. Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí àropò fún àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ tí a ti fòfin de, wọ́n sì tún jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 21 November|2017}}</ref> Tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bá tẹ̀lé àtúnṣe náà, a fojú díwọ̀n pé a lè yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.3 °C sí 0.5 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|p=15}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Daniel|Montzka|Vimont|Rigby|Krummel|Muhle|O'Doherty|Prinn,|Weiss|Young|2022}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ìdáhùn Orílẹ̀-èdè Kọ̀ọ̀kan ===
[[Fáìlì:Global annual CO2 emissions by world region since 1750.svg|thumb|Ìtújáde CO₂ lọ́dọọdún gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbègbè. Èyí ń díwọ̀n ìtújáde láti inú epo fosaili àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́. Àwọn ìyípadà nínú lílo ilẹ̀ kò sí nínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region |title=Annual {{CO2}} emissions by world region |website=ourworldindata.org |publisher=[[Our World in Data]] |format=chart|access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, ilé aṣòfin United Kingdom di ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè àkọ́kọ́ láti kéde ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ (climate emergency).<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC, 1 May|2019}}; {{Harvnb|Vice, 2 May|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè ìṣàkóso mìíràn sì tẹ̀lé àpẹẹrẹ náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Verge, 27 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún kan náà, Ilé Aṣòfin Yúróòpù (European Parliament) kéde “ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ àti àyíká” (climate and environmental emergency).<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 November|2019}}</ref> Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù (European Commission) gbé European Green Deal kalẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àfojúsùn láti jẹ́ kí Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (EU) di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Politico, 11 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 2021, Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù tú àkójọpọ̀ òfin “Fit for 55” jáde, èyí tí ó ní àwọn ìtọ́nisọ́nà fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́; gbogbo ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tuntun ní ọjà Yúróòpù gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ọkọ̀ tí kò ní ìtújáde gáàsì rárá (zero-emission vehicles) láti ọdún 2035.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541 |work=[[European Commission]] |date=14 July 2021}}</ref>
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ńlá ní Éṣíà ti ṣe irú àwọn ìlérí bẹ́ẹ̀: South Korea àti Japan ti ṣe ìlérí láti di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050, àti Ṣáínà ní ọdún 2060.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 October|2020}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé India ní àwọn ìdí tó lágbára láti gbé agbára àtúnlò lárugẹ, ó tún ní ètò láti mú lílo èédú (coal) pọ̀ sí i ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker}}</ref> Vietnam jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè díẹ̀ tí ó gbára lé èédú gan-an tí ó sì ń dàgbà ní kíákíá, tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìlérí láti fòpin sí lílo iná èédú tí kò ní ìgbésẹ̀ ìdínkù ìtújáde (unabated coal power) ní àwọn ọdún 2040 tàbí ní kíákíá lẹ́yìn náà bí ó bá ṣeé ṣe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Do |first1=Thang Nam |last2=Burke |first2=Paul J. |title=Phasing out coal power in a developing country context: Insights from Vietnam |journal=Energy Policy |year=2023 |volume=176 |issue=May 2023 113512 |article-number=113512 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113512 |bibcode=2023EnPol.17613512D |hdl=1885/286612 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
As of 2021, based on information from 48 national climate plans, which represent 40% of the parties to the Paris Agreement, estimated total greenhouse gas emissions will be 0.5% lower compared to 2010 levels, below the 45% or 25% reduction goals to limit global warming to 1.5 °C or 2 °C, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021|pp=4–5}}; {{cite news |author=UNFCCC Press Office |date=26 February 2021 |title=Greater Climate Ambition Urged as Initial NDC Synthesis Report Is Published |url=https://unfccc.int/news/greater-climate-ambition-urged-as-initial-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
== Awujọ àti àṣà ==
=== Ìtìkà àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:20200327 Climate change deniers cherry picking time periods.gif|thumb|A ti yan data kúrò nínú àwọn àkókò kúkúrú láti fi ṣàṣìṣe sọ pé ìgbóná àgbáyé kò ń pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn laini àtẹ̀jáde buluu (blue trendlines) ń fi hàn àwọn àkókò kúkúrú tí ó bo ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná tí ó pẹ́ jù (red trendlines). Àpótí buluu pẹ̀lú àwọn kíkà buluu ń ṣàfihàn ohun tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus.{{sfn|Stover|2014}}]]
Ìjíròrò gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ní ipa gidi látàrí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́, èyí tí ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní United States, tí ó sì ti tan sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì, pàápàá jù lọ Canada àti Australia. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, àwọn ìlúmọ̀ọ́kànlẹ̀ olóṣèlú alátakò (conservative think tanks), àti àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì alátakò.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|pp=144, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&pg=PA155 155]}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ilé-iṣẹ́ taba ṣe tẹ̀lé ṣáájú, ìlànà pàtàkì àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí ni láti dá ìyemeji sílẹ̀ lórí data sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn abajade ìwádìí tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.[419]<ref>{{harvnb|Oreskes|Conway|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí ń ní ìyemeji tí kò ní ìdí tó dájú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a máa ń pè ní “skeptics” ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bí “contrarians” tàbí “deniers” ni ó yẹ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Neill|Boykoff|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref>
Oríṣìíríṣìí ìrísí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ wà: díẹ̀ ń sẹ́ pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá, díẹ̀ ń gba pé ìgbóná ń pọ̀ sí i ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ń sọ pé àwọn ipa àdánidá ló ń fa a, àwọn míì sì ń dín ipa búburú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name="Björnberg 2017">{{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Ṣíṣe ìyemeji lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì yípadà sí ìdààmú tí a dá mọ́ọ̀mọ́: ìdààmú tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti jẹ́ kí ènìyàn rò pé ìyemeji púpọ̀ wà nínú àwùjọ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, kí ó lè fa ìdádúró nínú ìyípadà ìlànà ìjọba.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2015|p=308}}.</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà tí a fi ń gbé àwọn èrò wọ̀nyí kalẹ̀ ni ìbáwí àti ìkọ̀lù sí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì,<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|p=146}}.</ref> àti bí a ṣe ń béèrè ìdí àti ìlòkàn àwọn onímọ̀ kọọkan.<ref name="Björnberg 2017"/> Àwọn àgbègbè ìsọfúnni (echo chamber) nínú àwọn blog àti média tí ń sẹ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti tún ń mú àìgbọ́ye pọ̀ sí i nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Harvey|Van den Berg|Ellers|Kampen|2018}}</ref>
=== Ìmọ̀ àti ojú-ìwòye gbogbo ènìyàn ===
[[File:20220629 Public estimates of scientific consensus on climate change - horizontal bar chart.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| TÀwọn ènìyàn gbangba (public) ń kéré sí ìmòye gidi nípa ìpò ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (data 2022).<ref name=KingsCollegeReport_20220629>{{cite web |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |website=PERITIA Trust EU – The Policy Institute of King's College London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |page=4 |date=June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìwádìí láàárín 2019 sí 2021<ref name="Powell2019">{{cite journal |last1=Powell |first1=James |date=20 November 2019 |title=Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming |journal=[[Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society]] |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=183–184 |doi=10.1177/0270467619886266 }}</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2=Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode=2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free }}</ref> fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì wà ní àárín 98.7 sí 100%.]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àfiyèsí gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ayé ní ìparí ọdún 1980s.<ref name="Weart">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}}</ref> Nítorí ìròyìn média ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1990s, àwọn ènìyàn sábà máa ń dà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọ̀ràn àyíká mìíràn bíi ìparun ozone (ozone depletion).<ref name="Newell2006">{{harvnb|Newell|2006|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}}</ref> Nínú àṣà gbajúgbajà (popular culture), fíìmù ìtàn ìmọ̀-jinlẹ̀ The Day After Tomorrow (2004) àti àkọsílẹ̀ Al Gore An Inconvenient Truth (2006) ló dojú kọ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ́lé pàtàkì.<ref name="Weart" />
lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kan, àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọdọ, ni ó ṣeé ṣe jù lọ láti ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìbànújẹ tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ biology fún kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì ní ọdún 2010s ní àkóónú kéré síi lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ju ti ọdún ṣáájú lọ, pẹ̀lú ìtẹnumọ́ kéré síi lórí àwọn ojútùú.<ref>https://undark.org/2023/01/10/in-some-textbooks-climate-change-content-is-few-and-far-between/</ref> Àwọn ìyàtọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ olóṣèlú (partisan gaps) tún wà ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}.</ref> àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga jù lọ sábà máa ń ní ìbànújẹ kéré síi.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwòye lórí àwọn ìdí tí ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yàtọ̀ gan-an láàárín àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=7}}.</ref> Ìròyìn média tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìdáríjì (protests) ti ní ipa lórí ìmọ̀ àti ìmọ̀lára gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú àwọn apá tí a ń tẹnumọ́ nínú ìjíròrò ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulliver |first=Robyn |date=3 November 2021 |title=A Comparative Analysis of Australian Media Coverage of the 2019 Climate Protests |url=https://commonslibrary.org/a-comparative-analysis-of-australian-media-coverage-of-the-2019-climate-protests/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ìpele ìbànújẹ tó ga jọmọ́ ìtìlẹ́yìn gbogbo ènìyàn tó lágbára sí ìlànà tó ń koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Leiserowitz|2013|p=943}}.</ref> Ìbànújẹ ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2024|pp=22–26}}</ref> àti ní ọdún 2021 ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aráàlú ní orílẹ̀-èdè 30 fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìbànújẹ gíga tàbí wọ́n ka a sí ìpò pàjáwìrì àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=9}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2021|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwádìí 2024 ní orílẹ̀-èdè 125 fi hàn pé 89% àwọn ènìyàn ayé fẹ́ kí ìgbésẹ̀ ìṣèlú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára síi, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n sábà máa ń kéré sí ìtóye ìmúra àwọn míì láti ṣe ìgbésẹ̀.<ref name=Damian>{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |title='Spiral of silence': climate action is very popular, so why don't people realise it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/22/spiral-of-silence-climate-action-very-popular-why-dont-people-realise |access-date=22 April 2025 |agency=The Guardian |date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=Peter>{{cite journal |last1=Andre |first1=Peter |last2=Boneva |first2=Teodora |last3=Chopra |first3=Felix |last4=Falk |first4=Armin |title=Globally representative evidence on the actual and perceived support for climate action |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=9 February 2024 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=253–259 |doi=10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3 |bibcode=2024NatCC..14..253A }}</ref>
=== Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìjàkadì Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn ìdáríjì ojú-ọjọ́ ń béèrè pé kí àwọn aṣáájú olóṣèlú gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Wọ́n lè wáyé ní irú àwọn àfihàn gbangba, yíyọ ìdókòwò kúrò nínú epo fosaili, ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́, àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn.<ref>{{harvnb|Gunningham|2018}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hartley |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2023 |title=Climate Activism: Start Here |url=https://commonslibrary.org/climate-activism-start-here/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àfihàn tó gbajúmọ̀ ni School Strike for Climate. Nínú ìgbésẹ̀ yìí, àwọn ọdọ káàkiri ayé ti ń ṣe ìdáríjì láti ọdún 2018 nípa kíkúrò nílé-ẹ̀kọ́ ní gbogbo ọjọ́ Ẹtì, ní ìmísí láti ọwọ́ alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ ará Sweden, Greta Thunberg, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọdọ ní àkókò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 19 March|2019}}; {{harvnb|Boulianne|Lalancette|Ilkiw|2020}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ bíi Extinction Rebellion ti tún ṣe àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àìgbọràn sí òfin láìfi agbára mú (civil disobedience) ní ìwọ̀n ńlá, nípa dídènà àwọn ọ̀nà àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú-ọ̀nà gbogbogbò láti fi ṣe ìdáríjì.<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsche Welle, 22 June|2019}}.</ref>
Lílo ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́ ti ń pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti mú ìgbésẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára sí i láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ aládani. Àwọn alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ tún ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ẹjọ́ tí wọ́n ń dojú kọ àwọn ìjọba, tí wọ́n sì ń béèrè pé kí wọ́n gbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tó lágbára lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí kí wọ́n mú àwọn òfin ojú-ọjọ́ tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ ṣiṣẹ́.<ref>{{cite news |last=Connolly |first=Kate |date=29 April 2021 |title='Historic' German ruling says climate goals not tough enough |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/29/historic-german-ruling-says-climate-goals-not-tough-enough |access-date=1 May 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Àwọn ẹjọ́ tí a ń fi kàn àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili sábà máa ń wá ìsanwó ìtanràn fún ìpàdánù àti ìbàjẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Setzer|Byrnes|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ 23 Oṣù Keje ọdún 2025, Ilé Ẹjọ́ Àgbáyé ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (International Court of Justice) tú ìmọ̀ràn òfin rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti sọ ní kedere pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àti pé tí wọ́n bá kùnà láti ṣe ojúṣe náà, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì lè fi ẹjọ́ kàn wọ́n. Ojúṣe yìí pẹ̀lú mímú àwọn ìlérí tí wọ́n ṣe nínú àwọn àdéhùn àgbáyé tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ, bíi Adehun Ojú-ọjọ́ Paris ti ọdún 2015.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Summary: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-sum-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Press Release: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref>
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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Tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ sí Yorùbá, ṣíṣàfikún àwòrán àti àwọn ìtọ́kasí
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:FrontLines-EGAT 2011 Environment Photo Contest Top Entry (5842818280).jpg|Gíngbin mangrove àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn fún ààbò ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè (habitat conservation) lè dín ìkún omi etíkun kù.
File:Seawallventnor.jpg|Àwọn ògiri ìdènà omi òkun (seawalls) fún ààbò lódì sí ìgbì omi alágbára (storm surge) tí ìgòkè omi òkun ti mú burú sí i.
File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof Edit1.jpg|Àwọn òrùlé aláwọ̀ ewé (green roofs) láti pèsè ìtútù sí i nínú àwọn ìlú.
File:2013.02-402-294a_Pearl_millet,breeding,selfing_ICRISAT,Patancheru(Hyderabad,Andhra_Pradesh),IN_wed20feb2013.jpg|Yíyan àti ìbísí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lè fara da ọ̀dá fún ìmújáde àwọn irugbin tó lè koju àìní omi.
</gallery>
|}
== Àwọn Ìlànà àti Òṣèlú ==
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó wà nínú ewu jù lọ láti ọwọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àwọn tí kò ní ipa púpọ̀ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Èyí sì ń gbé àwọn ìbéèrè nípa ìdájọ́ òdodo àti ìṣòdodo yẹ̀ wò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=Section 3|p=17}}</ref> Dídín ìgbóná ayé kù ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn púpọ̀ láti ṣàṣeyọrí Àwọn Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN Sustainable Development Goals), bíi pípaarẹ́ òṣì àti dídín àìdọ́gba kù. A ti jẹ́wọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ yìí nínú Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero Kẹtàlá (Sustainable Development Goal 13), èyí tí àfojúsùn rẹ̀ jẹ́ “gbígbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kíákíá láti koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀”.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=447}}; United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> Àwọn àfojúsùn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú oúnjẹ, omi mímu tó mọ́, àti ààbò àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ní àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=477}}
Ìṣèlú àgbáyé nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (geopolitics of climate change) jẹ́ ọ̀ràn tó díjú. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wo ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣòro “ẹni tí ń jèrè láì san owó” (free-rider problem), níbi tí gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè ti ń jèrè láti inú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn gbé, ṣùgbọ́n tí orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan lè rí ìpadánù ọrọ̀ ajé bí wọ́n bá yí padà sí ètò ọrọ̀ ajé tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré. Ní àwọn ìgbà kan, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tún ní àwọn àǹfààní tó kan agbègbè kan pàtó. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn àǹfààní tó wà nínú dídá lílo èédú dúró fún ìlera àwọn ènìyàn àti àyíká agbègbè máa ń ju iye owó tí a ná lórí rẹ̀ lọ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo agbègbè.<ref name="Rauner 2020">{{harvnb|Rauner|Bauer|Dirnaichner|Van Dingenen|2020}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú èyí, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń wọ epo àti àwọn epo fosaili mìíràn wọlé máa ń jèrè nípa ọrọ̀ ajé nígbà tí wọ́n bá yí padà sí agbára mímọ́. Ní ìhà kejì, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń ta àwọn epo fosaili jáde lè dojú kọ ìṣòro àwọn ohun-ìní tí kò ní olùra mọ́ (stranded assets), ìyẹn àwọn epo fosaili tí wọn kò lè tà mọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Mercure|Pollitt|Viñuales|Edwards|2018}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Àṣàyàn Ìlànà ===
Ọ̀pọ̀ oríṣìíríṣìí ìlànà, ìlànà ìṣàkóso, àti òfin ni a ń lò láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù. Ní ọdún 2019, ìṣètò ìye carbon (carbon pricing) bo nǹkan bí ìdá 20% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank, June|2019|p=12|loc=Box 1}}</ref> A lè fi owó sí carbon nípasẹ̀ owó-ori carbon (carbon taxes) àti ètò ìṣòwò ìtújáde (emissions trading systems).<ref>{{harvnb|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}}; {{harvnb|Hagmann|Ho|Loewenstein|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn ìrànwọ́ ìjọba fún epo fosaili dé $319 billion ní ọdún 2017, àti tó $5.2 trillion tí a bá kà àwọn ìnáwó àìrìrìn bíi ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ (air pollution) sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1866}}</ref> Dídá irú àwọn ìrànwọ́ wọ̀nyí dúró lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù ní ìdá 28% àti dín ìkú tó wá láti ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ kù ní ìdá 46%.<ref>{{harvnb|UN Human Development Report|2020|p=10}}</ref> Owó tí a bá fi pamọ́ nínú ìrànwọ́ epo fosaili lè jẹ́ kí a lò ó fún ìtìlẹ́yìn ìyípadà sí agbára mímọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|International Institute for Sustainable Development|2019|p=iv}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà míì tó taara láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n agbára ọkọ̀ (vehicle efficiency standards), ìlànà lílo epo mímọ́ (renewable fuel standards), àti ìlànà ìdènà ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá.<ref>{{harvnb|ICCT|2019|p=iv}}; {{harvnb|Natural Resources Defense Council, 29 September|2017}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè tún ń béèrè pé kí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ amáyédẹrùn iná mànàmáná (utilities) pọ̀ si ìpín agbára àtúnlò nínú ìmújáde iná.<ref>{{harvnb|National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April|2020}}; {{harvnb|European Parliament, February|2020}}</ref> A dá “Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets” sílẹ̀ ní COP30 (2025) pẹ̀lú ète láti dá ètò cap-and-trade àgbáyé sílẹ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìṣirò kan, ètò yìí lè mú kí ìdínkù ìtújáde pọ̀ sí i ní ìgbà méje ju àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ, kó tó $200 billion lọ́dọọdún fún agbára mímọ́ àti àwọn ètò àwùjọ, àti pé ó lè pa àlàfo tó wà láàárín ìtújáde tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ àti àwọn àfojúsùn Ìpinnu Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Building a Climate Coalition: Aligning Carbon Pricing, Trade, and Development |url=https://salatainstitute.harvard.edu/building-a-climate-coalition-gcpp-flagship-report/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |website=The Salata Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carbon Market Coalition Welcomes 18 Member Countries at COP30 |url=https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18-member-countries-at-cop30 |website=COP30 Brasil Amazonia Belem 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coppenborge |first1=Florentine |title=A coalition on compliance carbon markets to make climate clubs politically feasible |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=16 January 2026 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=232–233 |doi=10.1038/s41558-025-02541-5 |bibcode=2026NatCC..16..232K |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02541-5 |access-date=16 January 2026}}</ref>
=== Ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Ìlànà tí a ṣe lábẹ́ ojú ìwòye ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbìyànjú láti koju àwọn ọ̀ràn ẹ̀tọ́ ènìyàn àti àìdọ́gba àwùjọ. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùgbéyàwò ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe sọ, àwọn tí ó ní ojúṣe jùlọ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ó yẹ kí wọ́n san owó fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation), nígbà tí àwọn tí yóò jèrè owó yìí yẹ kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan jùlọ. Ọ̀nà kan láti ṣe é nínú ìṣe ni pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọlọ́rọ̀ san owó fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní láti ṣe ìmúra sílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 16 October|2021}}</ref>
Oxfam rí i pé ní ọdún 2023, ìdá 10% àwọn ènìyàn tó lágbára jù lọ ní ọrọ̀ ajé ló jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 50% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì àgbáyé, nígbà tí ìdá 50% tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 8% nìkan.<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Khalfan |first1=Ashfaq |last2=Nilsson Lewis |first2=Astrid |last3=Aguilar |first3=Carlos |last4=Persson |first4=Jaqueline |last5=Lawson |first5=Max |last6=Dabi |first6=Nafkote |last7=Jayoussi |first7=Safa |last8=Acharya |first8=Sunil |title=Climate Equality: A planet for the 99% |date=2023 |doi=10.21201/2023.000001 |hdl=10546/621551 }}</ref> Ọ̀nà míì láti wo ojúṣe ni nípa ìmújáde ìtújáde fúnra rẹ̀: gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlànà yìí, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili 21 tó ga jù lọ yóò jẹ́ gbèsè ìsanpada ìbàjẹ́ ojú-ọjọ́ tó tó $5.4 trillion láàárín ọdún 2025 sí 2050.<ref name=OneEarth_20230519>{{cite journal |last1=Grasso |first1=Marco |last2=Heede |first2=Richard |title=Time to pay the piper: Fossil fuel companies' reparations for climate damages |journal=One Earth |date=19 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=459–463 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.04.012 |bibcode=2023OEart...6..459G |bibcode-access=free |doi-access=free |hdl=10281/416137 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà tó dá lórí ìdájọ́ òdodo (just transition), àwọn ènìyàn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka epo fosaili yóò nílò àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn, àti pé àwọn àwùjọ wọn yóò nílò ìdókòwò àti ìtìlẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 4 Jan|2017}}.</ref>
=== Àwọn àdéhùn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ===
[[Fáìlì:Total CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Láti ọdún 2000, ìdàgbàsókè ìtújáde CO₂ ní Ṣáínà àti àwọn apá mìíràn ti ayé ti kọjá ti United States àti Yúróòpù.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019">{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}, Table 7.</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetByRegion_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 73: Global CO2 emissions by region |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Per Capita CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn, United States ń ṣe ìtújáde CO₂ ní ìyára tó ga jù lọ ju àwọn agbègbè pàtàkì mìíràn lọ.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019"/><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetPerCapita_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 74: Global CO2 emissions per capita |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Fere gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ayé ni wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Adehun Àgbáyé Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) ti ọdún 1994.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}}</ref> Àfojúsùn UNFCCC ni láti dènà ìfarapa tí ènìyàn lè fa sí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC|1992|loc=Article 2}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe sọ nínú àdéhùn náà, èyí ń béèrè kí a mú ìpele àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná dúró ní afẹ́fẹ́ ní àkókò kan tí yóò jẹ́ kí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lọ́nà àdánidá, kí ìmújáde oúnjẹ má bàjẹ́, àti kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé lè tẹ̀síwájú.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007|p=97}}.</ref> UNFCCC fúnra rẹ̀ kò fi ìdínkù ìtújáde lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè lórí taara, ṣùgbọ́n ó pèsè àgbékalẹ̀ fún àwọn àdéhùn mìíràn tí ń ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Ìtújáde àgbáyé ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìgbà tí UNFCCC ti bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name="EPA-2019">{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn àpérò ọdún rẹ̀ ni a máa ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààyè fún ìjíròrò àti ìdúnàádúrà ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences?"}}</ref>
Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol) ti ọdún 1997 gbooro sí i lórí UNFCCC, ó sì ní àwọn ìlérí tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà láti dín ìtújáde wọn kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Kyoto Protocol|1997}}; {{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref> Nígbà àwọn ìdúnàádúrà náà, G77 (tó ń ṣojú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà) tẹnu mọ́ ìlànà kan tó ń béèrè pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà “ṣáájú” nínú dídín ìtújáde wọn kù,<ref>{{harvnb|Dessai|2001|p=4}}; {{harvnb|Grubb|2003}}.</ref> nítorí pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí ló kópa jù lọ nínú ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Ìtújáde fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn (per-capita emissions) ṣì kéré ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà nígbà náà, àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí yóò nílò láti tú gáàsì sí i láti lè bá àwọn àìní ìdàgbàsókè wọn mu.<ref>{{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref>
Adehun Copenhagen (Copenhagen Accord) ti ọdún 2009 ni a ti ṣàpèjúwe ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí kò ṣàṣeyọrí púpọ̀ nítorí àwọn àfojúsùn rẹ̀ tó kéré, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní sì kọ̀ ọ́, pẹ̀lú G77.<ref>{{harvnb|Müller|2010}}; {{harvnb|The New York Times, 25 May|2015}}; {{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}; {{harvnb|EUobserver, 20 December|2009}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tó fọwọ́ sí i ní ète láti fi ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}.</ref> Adehun náà gbé àfojúsùn kalẹ̀ láti pèsè $100 billion lọ́dọọdún fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù àti fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ní ọdún 2020, ó sì dámọ̀ràn ìdásílẹ̀ Àpò Owó Ojú-ọjọ́ Aláwọ̀ Ewé (Green Climate Fund).<ref>{{cite conference |date=7–18 December 2009 |title=Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |location=Copenhagen |id=FCCC/CP/2009/L.7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018074452/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |archive-date=18 October 2010 |access-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2020, $83.3 billion péré ni a ti pèsè. Kì í ṣe títí di ọdún 2023 ni a retí pé àfojúsùn náà yóò ṣẹ.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bennett |first1=Paige |title=High-Income Nations Are on Track Now to Meet $100 Billion Climate Pledges, but They're Late |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/wealthy-countries-climate-change-reparations.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |agency=Ecowatch |date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2015, gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN) dúnàádúrà lórí Adehun Paris (Paris Agreement), èyí tí ó ní ète láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró jìnà sí 2.0 °C, tí ó sì tún ní àfojúsùn àfikún láti pa ìgbóná ayé mọ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ 1.5 °C.{{sfn|Paris Agreement|2015}} Adehun náà rọ́pò Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol). Kò dàbí Kyoto, a kò ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn ìdínkù ìtújáde tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin nínú Adehun Paris. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìlànà ìṣe tí ó jẹ́ dandan. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ máa ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn tuntun tí ó túbọ̀ lágbára, kí wọ́n sì tún ṣe àyẹ̀wò wọn lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní gbogbo ọdún márùn-ún.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 8 October|2018}}.</ref> Adehun Paris tún jẹ́rìí sí i pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà gbọ́dọ̀ gba ìtìlẹ́yìn owó.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=5}}.</ref> Títí di oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2025, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ 194 àti Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (European Union) ti darapọ̀ mọ́ tàbí fọwọ́ sí adehun náà.<ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Treaties, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection}}; {{harvnb|Salon, 25 September|2019}}.</ref>
Ìlànà Montreal (Montreal Protocol) ti ọdún 1987, tó jẹ́ àdéhùn àgbáyé láti dá ìmújáde àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ dúró, ti ní àwọn àǹfààní fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> Díẹ̀ lára àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́, bíi chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an. Nítorí náà, dídènà ìmújáde àti lílo wọn lè ti yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.0 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 31}}</ref> pẹ̀lú ìgbóná àfikún míì nípa dídènà ìbàjẹ́ ewéko láti ọwọ́ ìtanràn ultraviolet.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 35}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> A ti ṣírò pé àdéhùn náà ti munadoko jù Ìlànà Kyoto lọ nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Kyoto ni a ṣe ní pàtàkì fún ète yẹn.<ref>{{harvnb|Goyal|England|Sen Gupta|Jucker|2019}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}</ref> Àtúnṣe tuntun jù lọ sí Ìlànà Montreal, Ìtúnṣe Kigali (Kigali Amendment) ti ọdún 2016, fi ojúṣe lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè láti dín ìtújáde hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) kù. Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí àropò fún àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ tí a ti fòfin de, wọ́n sì tún jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 21 November|2017}}</ref> Tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bá tẹ̀lé àtúnṣe náà, a fojú díwọ̀n pé a lè yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.3 °C sí 0.5 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|p=15}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Daniel|Montzka|Vimont|Rigby|Krummel|Muhle|O'Doherty|Prinn,|Weiss|Young|2022}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ìdáhùn Orílẹ̀-èdè Kọ̀ọ̀kan ===
[[Fáìlì:Global annual CO2 emissions by world region since 1750.svg|thumb|Ìtújáde CO₂ lọ́dọọdún gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbègbè. Èyí ń díwọ̀n ìtújáde láti inú epo fosaili àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́. Àwọn ìyípadà nínú lílo ilẹ̀ kò sí nínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region |title=Annual {{CO2}} emissions by world region |website=ourworldindata.org |publisher=[[Our World in Data]] |format=chart|access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, ilé aṣòfin United Kingdom di ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè àkọ́kọ́ láti kéde ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ (climate emergency).<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC, 1 May|2019}}; {{Harvnb|Vice, 2 May|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè ìṣàkóso mìíràn sì tẹ̀lé àpẹẹrẹ náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Verge, 27 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún kan náà, Ilé Aṣòfin Yúróòpù (European Parliament) kéde “ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ àti àyíká” (climate and environmental emergency).<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 November|2019}}</ref> Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù (European Commission) gbé European Green Deal kalẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àfojúsùn láti jẹ́ kí Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (EU) di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Politico, 11 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 2021, Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù tú àkójọpọ̀ òfin “Fit for 55” jáde, èyí tí ó ní àwọn ìtọ́nisọ́nà fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́; gbogbo ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tuntun ní ọjà Yúróòpù gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ọkọ̀ tí kò ní ìtújáde gáàsì rárá (zero-emission vehicles) láti ọdún 2035.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541 |work=[[European Commission]] |date=14 July 2021}}</ref>
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ńlá ní Éṣíà ti ṣe irú àwọn ìlérí bẹ́ẹ̀: South Korea àti Japan ti ṣe ìlérí láti di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050, àti Ṣáínà ní ọdún 2060.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 October|2020}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé India ní àwọn ìdí tó lágbára láti gbé agbára àtúnlò lárugẹ, ó tún ní ètò láti mú lílo èédú (coal) pọ̀ sí i ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker}}</ref> Vietnam jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè díẹ̀ tí ó gbára lé èédú gan-an tí ó sì ń dàgbà ní kíákíá, tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìlérí láti fòpin sí lílo iná èédú tí kò ní ìgbésẹ̀ ìdínkù ìtújáde (unabated coal power) ní àwọn ọdún 2040 tàbí ní kíákíá lẹ́yìn náà bí ó bá ṣeé ṣe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Do |first1=Thang Nam |last2=Burke |first2=Paul J. |title=Phasing out coal power in a developing country context: Insights from Vietnam |journal=Energy Policy |year=2023 |volume=176 |issue=May 2023 113512 |article-number=113512 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113512 |bibcode=2023EnPol.17613512D |hdl=1885/286612 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
As of 2021, based on information from 48 national climate plans, which represent 40% of the parties to the Paris Agreement, estimated total greenhouse gas emissions will be 0.5% lower compared to 2010 levels, below the 45% or 25% reduction goals to limit global warming to 1.5 °C or 2 °C, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021|pp=4–5}}; {{cite news |author=UNFCCC Press Office |date=26 February 2021 |title=Greater Climate Ambition Urged as Initial NDC Synthesis Report Is Published |url=https://unfccc.int/news/greater-climate-ambition-urged-as-initial-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
== Awujọ àti àṣà ==
=== Ìtìkà àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:20200327 Climate change deniers cherry picking time periods.gif|thumb|A ti yan data kúrò nínú àwọn àkókò kúkúrú láti fi ṣàṣìṣe sọ pé ìgbóná àgbáyé kò ń pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn laini àtẹ̀jáde buluu (blue trendlines) ń fi hàn àwọn àkókò kúkúrú tí ó bo ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná tí ó pẹ́ jù (red trendlines). Àpótí buluu pẹ̀lú àwọn kíkà buluu ń ṣàfihàn ohun tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus.{{sfn|Stover|2014}}]]
Ìjíròrò gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ní ipa gidi látàrí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́, èyí tí ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní United States, tí ó sì ti tan sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì, pàápàá jù lọ Canada àti Australia. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, àwọn ìlúmọ̀ọ́kànlẹ̀ olóṣèlú alátakò (conservative think tanks), àti àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì alátakò.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|pp=144, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&pg=PA155 155]}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ilé-iṣẹ́ taba ṣe tẹ̀lé ṣáájú, ìlànà pàtàkì àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí ni láti dá ìyemeji sílẹ̀ lórí data sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn abajade ìwádìí tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.[419]<ref>{{harvnb|Oreskes|Conway|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí ń ní ìyemeji tí kò ní ìdí tó dájú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a máa ń pè ní “skeptics” ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bí “contrarians” tàbí “deniers” ni ó yẹ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Neill|Boykoff|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref>
Oríṣìíríṣìí ìrísí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ wà: díẹ̀ ń sẹ́ pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá, díẹ̀ ń gba pé ìgbóná ń pọ̀ sí i ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ń sọ pé àwọn ipa àdánidá ló ń fa a, àwọn míì sì ń dín ipa búburú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name="Björnberg 2017">{{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Ṣíṣe ìyemeji lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì yípadà sí ìdààmú tí a dá mọ́ọ̀mọ́: ìdààmú tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti jẹ́ kí ènìyàn rò pé ìyemeji púpọ̀ wà nínú àwùjọ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, kí ó lè fa ìdádúró nínú ìyípadà ìlànà ìjọba.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2015|p=308}}.</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà tí a fi ń gbé àwọn èrò wọ̀nyí kalẹ̀ ni ìbáwí àti ìkọ̀lù sí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì,<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|p=146}}.</ref> àti bí a ṣe ń béèrè ìdí àti ìlòkàn àwọn onímọ̀ kọọkan.<ref name="Björnberg 2017"/> Àwọn àgbègbè ìsọfúnni (echo chamber) nínú àwọn blog àti média tí ń sẹ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti tún ń mú àìgbọ́ye pọ̀ sí i nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Harvey|Van den Berg|Ellers|Kampen|2018}}</ref>
=== Ìmọ̀ àti ojú-ìwòye gbogbo ènìyàn ===
[[File:20220629 Public estimates of scientific consensus on climate change - horizontal bar chart.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| TÀwọn ènìyàn gbangba (public) ń kéré sí ìmòye gidi nípa ìpò ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (data 2022).<ref name=KingsCollegeReport_20220629>{{cite web |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |website=PERITIA Trust EU – The Policy Institute of King's College London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |page=4 |date=June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìwádìí láàárín 2019 sí 2021<ref name="Powell2019">{{cite journal |last1=Powell |first1=James |date=20 November 2019 |title=Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming |journal=[[Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society]] |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=183–184 |doi=10.1177/0270467619886266 }}</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2=Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode=2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free }}</ref> fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì wà ní àárín 98.7 sí 100%.]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àfiyèsí gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ayé ní ìparí ọdún 1980s.<ref name="Weart">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}}</ref> Nítorí ìròyìn média ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1990s, àwọn ènìyàn sábà máa ń dà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọ̀ràn àyíká mìíràn bíi ìparun ozone (ozone depletion).<ref name="Newell2006">{{harvnb|Newell|2006|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}}</ref> Nínú àṣà gbajúgbajà (popular culture), fíìmù ìtàn ìmọ̀-jinlẹ̀ The Day After Tomorrow (2004) àti àkọsílẹ̀ Al Gore An Inconvenient Truth (2006) ló dojú kọ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ́lé pàtàkì.<ref name="Weart" />
lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kan, àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọdọ, ni ó ṣeé ṣe jù lọ láti ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìbànújẹ tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ biology fún kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì ní ọdún 2010s ní àkóónú kéré síi lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ju ti ọdún ṣáájú lọ, pẹ̀lú ìtẹnumọ́ kéré síi lórí àwọn ojútùú.<ref>https://undark.org/2023/01/10/in-some-textbooks-climate-change-content-is-few-and-far-between/</ref> Àwọn ìyàtọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ olóṣèlú (partisan gaps) tún wà ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}.</ref> àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga jù lọ sábà máa ń ní ìbànújẹ kéré síi.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwòye lórí àwọn ìdí tí ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yàtọ̀ gan-an láàárín àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=7}}.</ref> Ìròyìn média tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìdáríjì (protests) ti ní ipa lórí ìmọ̀ àti ìmọ̀lára gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú àwọn apá tí a ń tẹnumọ́ nínú ìjíròrò ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulliver |first=Robyn |date=3 November 2021 |title=A Comparative Analysis of Australian Media Coverage of the 2019 Climate Protests |url=https://commonslibrary.org/a-comparative-analysis-of-australian-media-coverage-of-the-2019-climate-protests/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ìpele ìbànújẹ tó ga jọmọ́ ìtìlẹ́yìn gbogbo ènìyàn tó lágbára sí ìlànà tó ń koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Leiserowitz|2013|p=943}}.</ref> Ìbànújẹ ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2024|pp=22–26}}</ref> àti ní ọdún 2021 ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aráàlú ní orílẹ̀-èdè 30 fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìbànújẹ gíga tàbí wọ́n ka a sí ìpò pàjáwìrì àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=9}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2021|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwádìí 2024 ní orílẹ̀-èdè 125 fi hàn pé 89% àwọn ènìyàn ayé fẹ́ kí ìgbésẹ̀ ìṣèlú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára síi, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n sábà máa ń kéré sí ìtóye ìmúra àwọn míì láti ṣe ìgbésẹ̀.<ref name=Damian>{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |title='Spiral of silence': climate action is very popular, so why don't people realise it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/22/spiral-of-silence-climate-action-very-popular-why-dont-people-realise |access-date=22 April 2025 |agency=The Guardian |date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=Peter>{{cite journal |last1=Andre |first1=Peter |last2=Boneva |first2=Teodora |last3=Chopra |first3=Felix |last4=Falk |first4=Armin |title=Globally representative evidence on the actual and perceived support for climate action |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=9 February 2024 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=253–259 |doi=10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3 |bibcode=2024NatCC..14..253A }}</ref>
=== Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìjàkadì Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn ìdáríjì ojú-ọjọ́ ń béèrè pé kí àwọn aṣáájú olóṣèlú gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Wọ́n lè wáyé ní irú àwọn àfihàn gbangba, yíyọ ìdókòwò kúrò nínú epo fosaili, ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́, àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn.<ref>{{harvnb|Gunningham|2018}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hartley |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2023 |title=Climate Activism: Start Here |url=https://commonslibrary.org/climate-activism-start-here/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àfihàn tó gbajúmọ̀ ni School Strike for Climate. Nínú ìgbésẹ̀ yìí, àwọn ọdọ káàkiri ayé ti ń ṣe ìdáríjì láti ọdún 2018 nípa kíkúrò nílé-ẹ̀kọ́ ní gbogbo ọjọ́ Ẹtì, ní ìmísí láti ọwọ́ alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ ará Sweden, Greta Thunberg, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọdọ ní àkókò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 19 March|2019}}; {{harvnb|Boulianne|Lalancette|Ilkiw|2020}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ bíi Extinction Rebellion ti tún ṣe àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àìgbọràn sí òfin láìfi agbára mú (civil disobedience) ní ìwọ̀n ńlá, nípa dídènà àwọn ọ̀nà àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú-ọ̀nà gbogbogbò láti fi ṣe ìdáríjì.<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsche Welle, 22 June|2019}}.</ref>
Lílo ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́ ti ń pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti mú ìgbésẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára sí i láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ aládani. Àwọn alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ tún ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ẹjọ́ tí wọ́n ń dojú kọ àwọn ìjọba, tí wọ́n sì ń béèrè pé kí wọ́n gbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tó lágbára lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí kí wọ́n mú àwọn òfin ojú-ọjọ́ tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ ṣiṣẹ́.<ref>{{cite news |last=Connolly |first=Kate |date=29 April 2021 |title='Historic' German ruling says climate goals not tough enough |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/29/historic-german-ruling-says-climate-goals-not-tough-enough |access-date=1 May 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Àwọn ẹjọ́ tí a ń fi kàn àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili sábà máa ń wá ìsanwó ìtanràn fún ìpàdánù àti ìbàjẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Setzer|Byrnes|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ 23 Oṣù Keje ọdún 2025, Ilé Ẹjọ́ Àgbáyé ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (International Court of Justice) tú ìmọ̀ràn òfin rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti sọ ní kedere pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àti pé tí wọ́n bá kùnà láti ṣe ojúṣe náà, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì lè fi ẹjọ́ kàn wọ́n. Ojúṣe yìí pẹ̀lú mímú àwọn ìlérí tí wọ́n ṣe nínú àwọn àdéhùn àgbáyé tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ, bíi Adehun Ojú-ọjọ́ Paris ti ọdún 2015.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Summary: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-sum-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Press Release: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref>
== Ìtàn ==
=== Àwọn Ìṣàwárí Àkọ́kọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:18560823 Eunice Newton Foote - greenhouse effect.png|thumb|Eunice Newton Foote ṣàfihàn ipa tí carbon dioxide ní láti di ooru mú ní ọdún 1856, ó sì rí ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ fún ayé níwájú.<ref name=Foote1856>{{cite journal|last=Foote |first=Eunice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382 |title=Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays |date=November 1856 |journal=The American Journal of Science and Arts |volume=22 |pages=382–383 |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234235/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382%2F |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> (Ní àkókò náà, a máa ń pe carbon dioxide ní “carbonic acid gas”.)]]
Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún bíi Alexander von Humboldt bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rí ipa tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè ní níwájú.<ref name="Nord 2020 p. 51">{{cite book |last=Nord |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmMGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |title=Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-52324-4 |series=Springer Polar Sciences |page=51 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Mukherjee Scanlon Aureli Langan 2020 p. 331">{{cite book |last1=Van Der Gun |first1=Jac |title=Global Groundwater |chapter=Groundwater resources sustainability |date=2021 |pages=331–345 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-818172-0.00024-4 |isbn=978-0-12-818172-0 }}</ref><ref name="von Humboldt Wulf 2018 p. 10">{{cite book | last1=von Humboldt | first1=A. | last2=Wulf | first2=A. | title=Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt: Edited and Introduced by Andrea Wulf | publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group | series=Everyman's Library Classics Series | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-101-90807-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xal2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PR10 | access-date=11 March 2023 | page=10}}</ref><ref name="Erdkamp Manning Verboven 2021 p. 6">{{cite book |last1=Erdkamp |first1=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbdMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR6 |title=Climate Change and Ancient Societies in Europe and the Near East: Diversity in Collapse and Resilience |last2=Manning |first2=Joseph G. |author-link2=Joseph Manning (historian) |last3=Verboven |first3=Koenraad |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-81103-7 |series=Palgrave Studies in Ancient Economies |page=6 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1820s, Joseph Fourier dámọ̀ràn ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) láti ṣàlàyé ìdí tí ìwọ̀n ooru Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi ga ju ohun tí agbára Oòrùn nìkan lè ṣàlàyé lọ. Afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn lè kọjá, nítorí náà ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn dé ojú ilẹ̀, níbi tí a ti ń yí i padà sí ooru. Ṣùgbọ́n afẹ́fẹ́ kò jẹ́ kí gbogbo ooru tí ojú ilẹ̀ ń tú jáde lè kọjá; ó di díẹ̀ nínú ooru náà mú, èyí sì ń mú kí Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA10 10–14]}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi (water vapour) ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tí ó pè ní “Circumstances Affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays”, ó parí rẹ̀ pé: “Afẹ́fẹ́ tí gáàsì yìí bá pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ yóò fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé wa ní ìwọ̀n ooru gíga.”<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Huddleston|2019}}</ref>
[[File:19120814 Coal Consumption Affecting Climate - Rodney and Otamatea Times.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Àpilẹ̀kọ ọdún 1912 yìí ṣàlàyé ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) ní ṣókí, ó sì ṣàfihàn bí sísun èédú ṣe ń dá carbon dioxide sílẹ̀, èyí tí ń fa ìgbóná ayé àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Otamatea Times">{{cite news |date=14 August 1912 |title=Coal Consumption Affecting Climate |page=7 |work=Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette |location=Warkworth, New Zealand |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ROTWKG19120814.2.56.5}} Text was earlier [[:File:191203 Furnaces of the world - Popular Mechanics - Global warming.jpg|published in ''Popular Mechanics'']], March 1912, p. 341.</ref>]]
Láti ọdún 1859,<ref>{{harvnb|Tyndall|1861}}.</ref> John Tyndall fi hàn pé nitrogen àti oxygen—tí wọ́n jọ jẹ́ 99% afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ—kò di ooru tí a ń tú jáde mú. Ṣùgbọ́n ìrì omi (water vapour) àti àwọn gáàsì bíi methane àti carbon dioxide máa ń gba ooru tí a ń tú jáde, wọ́n sì tún máa ń tú ooru náà padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Tyndall dámọ̀ràn pé àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí lè ti fa àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice ages).<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA39 39–42]}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article3.html Tyndall]}}</ref>
Svante Arrhenius ṣàkíyèsí pé iye ìrì omi (water vapour) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń yí padà léraléra, ṣùgbọ́n iye carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ìlànà ilẹ̀-ayé (geological processes) tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ fún àkókò pípẹ́ ń ṣàkóso. Ìgbóná tí ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ bá fa yóò mú kí iye ìrì omi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí yóò sì tún mú ìgbóná náà lágbára sí i nínú ìlànà ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback loop). Ní ọdún 1896, ó tẹ àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) àkọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti ṣe àfihàn pé bí iye CO₂ bá dín kù sí ìdajì, ó lè fa ìdínkù nínú ìwọ̀n ooru tó lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice age). Arrhenius ṣe ìṣírò pé bí iye CO₂ bá di ìlọ́po méjì, ìwọ̀n ooru ayé lè pọ̀ sí i ní ààrin 5 sí 6 °C.{{sfn|Lapenis|1998}} Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì mìíràn ní iyèméjì nípa èrò yìí, wọ́n sì gbà pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì ti dé àyè tí kò lè pọ̀ sí i mọ́ (saturated), nítorí náà fífi CO₂ kún un kò ní ṣe ìyàtọ̀ kankan, àti pé ojú-ọjọ́ yóò máa ṣètò ara rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect">{{harvnb|Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article4.html Arrhenius]}}</ref> Láti ọdún 1938, Guy Stewart Callendar bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tẹ ẹ̀rí jáde pé ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbóná sí i àti pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref>{{harvnb|Callendar|1938}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2007}}.</ref> ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìṣírò rẹ̀ dojú kọ àwọn àríyànjiyàn kan náà tí a ti gbé kalẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" />
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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Tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ sí Yorùbá, ṣíṣàfikún àwòrán àti àwọn ìtọ́kasí
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:FrontLines-EGAT 2011 Environment Photo Contest Top Entry (5842818280).jpg|Gíngbin mangrove àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn fún ààbò ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè (habitat conservation) lè dín ìkún omi etíkun kù.
File:Seawallventnor.jpg|Àwọn ògiri ìdènà omi òkun (seawalls) fún ààbò lódì sí ìgbì omi alágbára (storm surge) tí ìgòkè omi òkun ti mú burú sí i.
File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof Edit1.jpg|Àwọn òrùlé aláwọ̀ ewé (green roofs) láti pèsè ìtútù sí i nínú àwọn ìlú.
File:2013.02-402-294a_Pearl_millet,breeding,selfing_ICRISAT,Patancheru(Hyderabad,Andhra_Pradesh),IN_wed20feb2013.jpg|Yíyan àti ìbísí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lè fara da ọ̀dá fún ìmújáde àwọn irugbin tó lè koju àìní omi.
</gallery>
|}
== Àwọn Ìlànà àti Òṣèlú ==
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó wà nínú ewu jù lọ láti ọwọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àwọn tí kò ní ipa púpọ̀ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Èyí sì ń gbé àwọn ìbéèrè nípa ìdájọ́ òdodo àti ìṣòdodo yẹ̀ wò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=Section 3|p=17}}</ref> Dídín ìgbóná ayé kù ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn púpọ̀ láti ṣàṣeyọrí Àwọn Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN Sustainable Development Goals), bíi pípaarẹ́ òṣì àti dídín àìdọ́gba kù. A ti jẹ́wọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ yìí nínú Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero Kẹtàlá (Sustainable Development Goal 13), èyí tí àfojúsùn rẹ̀ jẹ́ “gbígbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kíákíá láti koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀”.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=447}}; United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> Àwọn àfojúsùn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú oúnjẹ, omi mímu tó mọ́, àti ààbò àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ní àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=477}}
Ìṣèlú àgbáyé nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (geopolitics of climate change) jẹ́ ọ̀ràn tó díjú. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wo ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣòro “ẹni tí ń jèrè láì san owó” (free-rider problem), níbi tí gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè ti ń jèrè láti inú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn gbé, ṣùgbọ́n tí orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan lè rí ìpadánù ọrọ̀ ajé bí wọ́n bá yí padà sí ètò ọrọ̀ ajé tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré. Ní àwọn ìgbà kan, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tún ní àwọn àǹfààní tó kan agbègbè kan pàtó. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn àǹfààní tó wà nínú dídá lílo èédú dúró fún ìlera àwọn ènìyàn àti àyíká agbègbè máa ń ju iye owó tí a ná lórí rẹ̀ lọ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo agbègbè.<ref name="Rauner 2020">{{harvnb|Rauner|Bauer|Dirnaichner|Van Dingenen|2020}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú èyí, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń wọ epo àti àwọn epo fosaili mìíràn wọlé máa ń jèrè nípa ọrọ̀ ajé nígbà tí wọ́n bá yí padà sí agbára mímọ́. Ní ìhà kejì, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń ta àwọn epo fosaili jáde lè dojú kọ ìṣòro àwọn ohun-ìní tí kò ní olùra mọ́ (stranded assets), ìyẹn àwọn epo fosaili tí wọn kò lè tà mọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Mercure|Pollitt|Viñuales|Edwards|2018}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Àṣàyàn Ìlànà ===
Ọ̀pọ̀ oríṣìíríṣìí ìlànà, ìlànà ìṣàkóso, àti òfin ni a ń lò láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù. Ní ọdún 2019, ìṣètò ìye carbon (carbon pricing) bo nǹkan bí ìdá 20% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank, June|2019|p=12|loc=Box 1}}</ref> A lè fi owó sí carbon nípasẹ̀ owó-ori carbon (carbon taxes) àti ètò ìṣòwò ìtújáde (emissions trading systems).<ref>{{harvnb|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}}; {{harvnb|Hagmann|Ho|Loewenstein|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn ìrànwọ́ ìjọba fún epo fosaili dé $319 billion ní ọdún 2017, àti tó $5.2 trillion tí a bá kà àwọn ìnáwó àìrìrìn bíi ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ (air pollution) sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1866}}</ref> Dídá irú àwọn ìrànwọ́ wọ̀nyí dúró lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù ní ìdá 28% àti dín ìkú tó wá láti ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ kù ní ìdá 46%.<ref>{{harvnb|UN Human Development Report|2020|p=10}}</ref> Owó tí a bá fi pamọ́ nínú ìrànwọ́ epo fosaili lè jẹ́ kí a lò ó fún ìtìlẹ́yìn ìyípadà sí agbára mímọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|International Institute for Sustainable Development|2019|p=iv}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà míì tó taara láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n agbára ọkọ̀ (vehicle efficiency standards), ìlànà lílo epo mímọ́ (renewable fuel standards), àti ìlànà ìdènà ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá.<ref>{{harvnb|ICCT|2019|p=iv}}; {{harvnb|Natural Resources Defense Council, 29 September|2017}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè tún ń béèrè pé kí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ amáyédẹrùn iná mànàmáná (utilities) pọ̀ si ìpín agbára àtúnlò nínú ìmújáde iná.<ref>{{harvnb|National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April|2020}}; {{harvnb|European Parliament, February|2020}}</ref> A dá “Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets” sílẹ̀ ní COP30 (2025) pẹ̀lú ète láti dá ètò cap-and-trade àgbáyé sílẹ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìṣirò kan, ètò yìí lè mú kí ìdínkù ìtújáde pọ̀ sí i ní ìgbà méje ju àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ, kó tó $200 billion lọ́dọọdún fún agbára mímọ́ àti àwọn ètò àwùjọ, àti pé ó lè pa àlàfo tó wà láàárín ìtújáde tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ àti àwọn àfojúsùn Ìpinnu Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Building a Climate Coalition: Aligning Carbon Pricing, Trade, and Development |url=https://salatainstitute.harvard.edu/building-a-climate-coalition-gcpp-flagship-report/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |website=The Salata Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carbon Market Coalition Welcomes 18 Member Countries at COP30 |url=https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18-member-countries-at-cop30 |website=COP30 Brasil Amazonia Belem 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coppenborge |first1=Florentine |title=A coalition on compliance carbon markets to make climate clubs politically feasible |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=16 January 2026 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=232–233 |doi=10.1038/s41558-025-02541-5 |bibcode=2026NatCC..16..232K |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02541-5 |access-date=16 January 2026}}</ref>
=== Ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Ìlànà tí a ṣe lábẹ́ ojú ìwòye ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbìyànjú láti koju àwọn ọ̀ràn ẹ̀tọ́ ènìyàn àti àìdọ́gba àwùjọ. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùgbéyàwò ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe sọ, àwọn tí ó ní ojúṣe jùlọ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ó yẹ kí wọ́n san owó fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation), nígbà tí àwọn tí yóò jèrè owó yìí yẹ kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan jùlọ. Ọ̀nà kan láti ṣe é nínú ìṣe ni pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọlọ́rọ̀ san owó fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní láti ṣe ìmúra sílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 16 October|2021}}</ref>
Oxfam rí i pé ní ọdún 2023, ìdá 10% àwọn ènìyàn tó lágbára jù lọ ní ọrọ̀ ajé ló jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 50% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì àgbáyé, nígbà tí ìdá 50% tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 8% nìkan.<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Khalfan |first1=Ashfaq |last2=Nilsson Lewis |first2=Astrid |last3=Aguilar |first3=Carlos |last4=Persson |first4=Jaqueline |last5=Lawson |first5=Max |last6=Dabi |first6=Nafkote |last7=Jayoussi |first7=Safa |last8=Acharya |first8=Sunil |title=Climate Equality: A planet for the 99% |date=2023 |doi=10.21201/2023.000001 |hdl=10546/621551 }}</ref> Ọ̀nà míì láti wo ojúṣe ni nípa ìmújáde ìtújáde fúnra rẹ̀: gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlànà yìí, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili 21 tó ga jù lọ yóò jẹ́ gbèsè ìsanpada ìbàjẹ́ ojú-ọjọ́ tó tó $5.4 trillion láàárín ọdún 2025 sí 2050.<ref name=OneEarth_20230519>{{cite journal |last1=Grasso |first1=Marco |last2=Heede |first2=Richard |title=Time to pay the piper: Fossil fuel companies' reparations for climate damages |journal=One Earth |date=19 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=459–463 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.04.012 |bibcode=2023OEart...6..459G |bibcode-access=free |doi-access=free |hdl=10281/416137 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà tó dá lórí ìdájọ́ òdodo (just transition), àwọn ènìyàn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka epo fosaili yóò nílò àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn, àti pé àwọn àwùjọ wọn yóò nílò ìdókòwò àti ìtìlẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 4 Jan|2017}}.</ref>
=== Àwọn àdéhùn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ===
[[Fáìlì:Total CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Láti ọdún 2000, ìdàgbàsókè ìtújáde CO₂ ní Ṣáínà àti àwọn apá mìíràn ti ayé ti kọjá ti United States àti Yúróòpù.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019">{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}, Table 7.</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetByRegion_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 73: Global CO2 emissions by region |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Per Capita CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn, United States ń ṣe ìtújáde CO₂ ní ìyára tó ga jù lọ ju àwọn agbègbè pàtàkì mìíràn lọ.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019"/><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetPerCapita_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 74: Global CO2 emissions per capita |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Fere gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ayé ni wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Adehun Àgbáyé Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) ti ọdún 1994.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}}</ref> Àfojúsùn UNFCCC ni láti dènà ìfarapa tí ènìyàn lè fa sí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC|1992|loc=Article 2}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe sọ nínú àdéhùn náà, èyí ń béèrè kí a mú ìpele àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná dúró ní afẹ́fẹ́ ní àkókò kan tí yóò jẹ́ kí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lọ́nà àdánidá, kí ìmújáde oúnjẹ má bàjẹ́, àti kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé lè tẹ̀síwájú.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007|p=97}}.</ref> UNFCCC fúnra rẹ̀ kò fi ìdínkù ìtújáde lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè lórí taara, ṣùgbọ́n ó pèsè àgbékalẹ̀ fún àwọn àdéhùn mìíràn tí ń ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Ìtújáde àgbáyé ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìgbà tí UNFCCC ti bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name="EPA-2019">{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn àpérò ọdún rẹ̀ ni a máa ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààyè fún ìjíròrò àti ìdúnàádúrà ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences?"}}</ref>
Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol) ti ọdún 1997 gbooro sí i lórí UNFCCC, ó sì ní àwọn ìlérí tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà láti dín ìtújáde wọn kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Kyoto Protocol|1997}}; {{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref> Nígbà àwọn ìdúnàádúrà náà, G77 (tó ń ṣojú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà) tẹnu mọ́ ìlànà kan tó ń béèrè pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà “ṣáájú” nínú dídín ìtújáde wọn kù,<ref>{{harvnb|Dessai|2001|p=4}}; {{harvnb|Grubb|2003}}.</ref> nítorí pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí ló kópa jù lọ nínú ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Ìtújáde fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn (per-capita emissions) ṣì kéré ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà nígbà náà, àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí yóò nílò láti tú gáàsì sí i láti lè bá àwọn àìní ìdàgbàsókè wọn mu.<ref>{{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref>
Adehun Copenhagen (Copenhagen Accord) ti ọdún 2009 ni a ti ṣàpèjúwe ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí kò ṣàṣeyọrí púpọ̀ nítorí àwọn àfojúsùn rẹ̀ tó kéré, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní sì kọ̀ ọ́, pẹ̀lú G77.<ref>{{harvnb|Müller|2010}}; {{harvnb|The New York Times, 25 May|2015}}; {{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}; {{harvnb|EUobserver, 20 December|2009}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tó fọwọ́ sí i ní ète láti fi ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}.</ref> Adehun náà gbé àfojúsùn kalẹ̀ láti pèsè $100 billion lọ́dọọdún fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù àti fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ní ọdún 2020, ó sì dámọ̀ràn ìdásílẹ̀ Àpò Owó Ojú-ọjọ́ Aláwọ̀ Ewé (Green Climate Fund).<ref>{{cite conference |date=7–18 December 2009 |title=Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |location=Copenhagen |id=FCCC/CP/2009/L.7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018074452/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |archive-date=18 October 2010 |access-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2020, $83.3 billion péré ni a ti pèsè. Kì í ṣe títí di ọdún 2023 ni a retí pé àfojúsùn náà yóò ṣẹ.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bennett |first1=Paige |title=High-Income Nations Are on Track Now to Meet $100 Billion Climate Pledges, but They're Late |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/wealthy-countries-climate-change-reparations.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |agency=Ecowatch |date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2015, gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN) dúnàádúrà lórí Adehun Paris (Paris Agreement), èyí tí ó ní ète láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró jìnà sí 2.0 °C, tí ó sì tún ní àfojúsùn àfikún láti pa ìgbóná ayé mọ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ 1.5 °C.{{sfn|Paris Agreement|2015}} Adehun náà rọ́pò Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol). Kò dàbí Kyoto, a kò ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn ìdínkù ìtújáde tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin nínú Adehun Paris. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìlànà ìṣe tí ó jẹ́ dandan. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ máa ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn tuntun tí ó túbọ̀ lágbára, kí wọ́n sì tún ṣe àyẹ̀wò wọn lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní gbogbo ọdún márùn-ún.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 8 October|2018}}.</ref> Adehun Paris tún jẹ́rìí sí i pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà gbọ́dọ̀ gba ìtìlẹ́yìn owó.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=5}}.</ref> Títí di oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2025, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ 194 àti Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (European Union) ti darapọ̀ mọ́ tàbí fọwọ́ sí adehun náà.<ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Treaties, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection}}; {{harvnb|Salon, 25 September|2019}}.</ref>
Ìlànà Montreal (Montreal Protocol) ti ọdún 1987, tó jẹ́ àdéhùn àgbáyé láti dá ìmújáde àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ dúró, ti ní àwọn àǹfààní fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> Díẹ̀ lára àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́, bíi chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an. Nítorí náà, dídènà ìmújáde àti lílo wọn lè ti yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.0 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 31}}</ref> pẹ̀lú ìgbóná àfikún míì nípa dídènà ìbàjẹ́ ewéko láti ọwọ́ ìtanràn ultraviolet.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 35}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> A ti ṣírò pé àdéhùn náà ti munadoko jù Ìlànà Kyoto lọ nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Kyoto ni a ṣe ní pàtàkì fún ète yẹn.<ref>{{harvnb|Goyal|England|Sen Gupta|Jucker|2019}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}</ref> Àtúnṣe tuntun jù lọ sí Ìlànà Montreal, Ìtúnṣe Kigali (Kigali Amendment) ti ọdún 2016, fi ojúṣe lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè láti dín ìtújáde hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) kù. Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí àropò fún àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ tí a ti fòfin de, wọ́n sì tún jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 21 November|2017}}</ref> Tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bá tẹ̀lé àtúnṣe náà, a fojú díwọ̀n pé a lè yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.3 °C sí 0.5 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|p=15}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Daniel|Montzka|Vimont|Rigby|Krummel|Muhle|O'Doherty|Prinn,|Weiss|Young|2022}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ìdáhùn Orílẹ̀-èdè Kọ̀ọ̀kan ===
[[Fáìlì:Global annual CO2 emissions by world region since 1750.svg|thumb|Ìtújáde CO₂ lọ́dọọdún gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbègbè. Èyí ń díwọ̀n ìtújáde láti inú epo fosaili àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́. Àwọn ìyípadà nínú lílo ilẹ̀ kò sí nínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region |title=Annual {{CO2}} emissions by world region |website=ourworldindata.org |publisher=[[Our World in Data]] |format=chart|access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, ilé aṣòfin United Kingdom di ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè àkọ́kọ́ láti kéde ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ (climate emergency).<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC, 1 May|2019}}; {{Harvnb|Vice, 2 May|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè ìṣàkóso mìíràn sì tẹ̀lé àpẹẹrẹ náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Verge, 27 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún kan náà, Ilé Aṣòfin Yúróòpù (European Parliament) kéde “ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ àti àyíká” (climate and environmental emergency).<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 November|2019}}</ref> Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù (European Commission) gbé European Green Deal kalẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àfojúsùn láti jẹ́ kí Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (EU) di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Politico, 11 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 2021, Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù tú àkójọpọ̀ òfin “Fit for 55” jáde, èyí tí ó ní àwọn ìtọ́nisọ́nà fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́; gbogbo ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tuntun ní ọjà Yúróòpù gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ọkọ̀ tí kò ní ìtújáde gáàsì rárá (zero-emission vehicles) láti ọdún 2035.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541 |work=[[European Commission]] |date=14 July 2021}}</ref>
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ńlá ní Éṣíà ti ṣe irú àwọn ìlérí bẹ́ẹ̀: South Korea àti Japan ti ṣe ìlérí láti di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050, àti Ṣáínà ní ọdún 2060.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 October|2020}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé India ní àwọn ìdí tó lágbára láti gbé agbára àtúnlò lárugẹ, ó tún ní ètò láti mú lílo èédú (coal) pọ̀ sí i ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker}}</ref> Vietnam jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè díẹ̀ tí ó gbára lé èédú gan-an tí ó sì ń dàgbà ní kíákíá, tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìlérí láti fòpin sí lílo iná èédú tí kò ní ìgbésẹ̀ ìdínkù ìtújáde (unabated coal power) ní àwọn ọdún 2040 tàbí ní kíákíá lẹ́yìn náà bí ó bá ṣeé ṣe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Do |first1=Thang Nam |last2=Burke |first2=Paul J. |title=Phasing out coal power in a developing country context: Insights from Vietnam |journal=Energy Policy |year=2023 |volume=176 |issue=May 2023 113512 |article-number=113512 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113512 |bibcode=2023EnPol.17613512D |hdl=1885/286612 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
As of 2021, based on information from 48 national climate plans, which represent 40% of the parties to the Paris Agreement, estimated total greenhouse gas emissions will be 0.5% lower compared to 2010 levels, below the 45% or 25% reduction goals to limit global warming to 1.5 °C or 2 °C, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021|pp=4–5}}; {{cite news |author=UNFCCC Press Office |date=26 February 2021 |title=Greater Climate Ambition Urged as Initial NDC Synthesis Report Is Published |url=https://unfccc.int/news/greater-climate-ambition-urged-as-initial-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
== Awujọ àti àṣà ==
=== Ìtìkà àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:20200327 Climate change deniers cherry picking time periods.gif|thumb|A ti yan data kúrò nínú àwọn àkókò kúkúrú láti fi ṣàṣìṣe sọ pé ìgbóná àgbáyé kò ń pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn laini àtẹ̀jáde buluu (blue trendlines) ń fi hàn àwọn àkókò kúkúrú tí ó bo ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná tí ó pẹ́ jù (red trendlines). Àpótí buluu pẹ̀lú àwọn kíkà buluu ń ṣàfihàn ohun tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus.{{sfn|Stover|2014}}]]
Ìjíròrò gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ní ipa gidi látàrí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́, èyí tí ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní United States, tí ó sì ti tan sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì, pàápàá jù lọ Canada àti Australia. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, àwọn ìlúmọ̀ọ́kànlẹ̀ olóṣèlú alátakò (conservative think tanks), àti àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì alátakò.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|pp=144, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&pg=PA155 155]}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ilé-iṣẹ́ taba ṣe tẹ̀lé ṣáájú, ìlànà pàtàkì àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí ni láti dá ìyemeji sílẹ̀ lórí data sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn abajade ìwádìí tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.[419]<ref>{{harvnb|Oreskes|Conway|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí ń ní ìyemeji tí kò ní ìdí tó dájú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a máa ń pè ní “skeptics” ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bí “contrarians” tàbí “deniers” ni ó yẹ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Neill|Boykoff|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref>
Oríṣìíríṣìí ìrísí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ wà: díẹ̀ ń sẹ́ pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá, díẹ̀ ń gba pé ìgbóná ń pọ̀ sí i ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ń sọ pé àwọn ipa àdánidá ló ń fa a, àwọn míì sì ń dín ipa búburú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name="Björnberg 2017">{{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Ṣíṣe ìyemeji lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì yípadà sí ìdààmú tí a dá mọ́ọ̀mọ́: ìdààmú tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti jẹ́ kí ènìyàn rò pé ìyemeji púpọ̀ wà nínú àwùjọ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, kí ó lè fa ìdádúró nínú ìyípadà ìlànà ìjọba.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2015|p=308}}.</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà tí a fi ń gbé àwọn èrò wọ̀nyí kalẹ̀ ni ìbáwí àti ìkọ̀lù sí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì,<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|p=146}}.</ref> àti bí a ṣe ń béèrè ìdí àti ìlòkàn àwọn onímọ̀ kọọkan.<ref name="Björnberg 2017"/> Àwọn àgbègbè ìsọfúnni (echo chamber) nínú àwọn blog àti média tí ń sẹ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti tún ń mú àìgbọ́ye pọ̀ sí i nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Harvey|Van den Berg|Ellers|Kampen|2018}}</ref>
=== Ìmọ̀ àti ojú-ìwòye gbogbo ènìyàn ===
[[File:20220629 Public estimates of scientific consensus on climate change - horizontal bar chart.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| TÀwọn ènìyàn gbangba (public) ń kéré sí ìmòye gidi nípa ìpò ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (data 2022).<ref name=KingsCollegeReport_20220629>{{cite web |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |website=PERITIA Trust EU – The Policy Institute of King's College London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |page=4 |date=June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìwádìí láàárín 2019 sí 2021<ref name="Powell2019">{{cite journal |last1=Powell |first1=James |date=20 November 2019 |title=Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming |journal=[[Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society]] |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=183–184 |doi=10.1177/0270467619886266 }}</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2=Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode=2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free }}</ref> fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì wà ní àárín 98.7 sí 100%.]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àfiyèsí gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ayé ní ìparí ọdún 1980s.<ref name="Weart">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}}</ref> Nítorí ìròyìn média ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1990s, àwọn ènìyàn sábà máa ń dà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọ̀ràn àyíká mìíràn bíi ìparun ozone (ozone depletion).<ref name="Newell2006">{{harvnb|Newell|2006|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}}</ref> Nínú àṣà gbajúgbajà (popular culture), fíìmù ìtàn ìmọ̀-jinlẹ̀ The Day After Tomorrow (2004) àti àkọsílẹ̀ Al Gore An Inconvenient Truth (2006) ló dojú kọ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ́lé pàtàkì.<ref name="Weart" />
lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kan, àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọdọ, ni ó ṣeé ṣe jù lọ láti ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìbànújẹ tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ biology fún kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì ní ọdún 2010s ní àkóónú kéré síi lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ju ti ọdún ṣáájú lọ, pẹ̀lú ìtẹnumọ́ kéré síi lórí àwọn ojútùú.<ref>https://undark.org/2023/01/10/in-some-textbooks-climate-change-content-is-few-and-far-between/</ref> Àwọn ìyàtọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ olóṣèlú (partisan gaps) tún wà ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}.</ref> àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga jù lọ sábà máa ń ní ìbànújẹ kéré síi.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwòye lórí àwọn ìdí tí ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yàtọ̀ gan-an láàárín àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=7}}.</ref> Ìròyìn média tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìdáríjì (protests) ti ní ipa lórí ìmọ̀ àti ìmọ̀lára gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú àwọn apá tí a ń tẹnumọ́ nínú ìjíròrò ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulliver |first=Robyn |date=3 November 2021 |title=A Comparative Analysis of Australian Media Coverage of the 2019 Climate Protests |url=https://commonslibrary.org/a-comparative-analysis-of-australian-media-coverage-of-the-2019-climate-protests/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ìpele ìbànújẹ tó ga jọmọ́ ìtìlẹ́yìn gbogbo ènìyàn tó lágbára sí ìlànà tó ń koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Leiserowitz|2013|p=943}}.</ref> Ìbànújẹ ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2024|pp=22–26}}</ref> àti ní ọdún 2021 ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aráàlú ní orílẹ̀-èdè 30 fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìbànújẹ gíga tàbí wọ́n ka a sí ìpò pàjáwìrì àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=9}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2021|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwádìí 2024 ní orílẹ̀-èdè 125 fi hàn pé 89% àwọn ènìyàn ayé fẹ́ kí ìgbésẹ̀ ìṣèlú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára síi, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n sábà máa ń kéré sí ìtóye ìmúra àwọn míì láti ṣe ìgbésẹ̀.<ref name=Damian>{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |title='Spiral of silence': climate action is very popular, so why don't people realise it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/22/spiral-of-silence-climate-action-very-popular-why-dont-people-realise |access-date=22 April 2025 |agency=The Guardian |date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=Peter>{{cite journal |last1=Andre |first1=Peter |last2=Boneva |first2=Teodora |last3=Chopra |first3=Felix |last4=Falk |first4=Armin |title=Globally representative evidence on the actual and perceived support for climate action |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=9 February 2024 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=253–259 |doi=10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3 |bibcode=2024NatCC..14..253A }}</ref>
=== Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìjàkadì Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn ìdáríjì ojú-ọjọ́ ń béèrè pé kí àwọn aṣáájú olóṣèlú gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Wọ́n lè wáyé ní irú àwọn àfihàn gbangba, yíyọ ìdókòwò kúrò nínú epo fosaili, ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́, àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn.<ref>{{harvnb|Gunningham|2018}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hartley |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2023 |title=Climate Activism: Start Here |url=https://commonslibrary.org/climate-activism-start-here/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àfihàn tó gbajúmọ̀ ni School Strike for Climate. Nínú ìgbésẹ̀ yìí, àwọn ọdọ káàkiri ayé ti ń ṣe ìdáríjì láti ọdún 2018 nípa kíkúrò nílé-ẹ̀kọ́ ní gbogbo ọjọ́ Ẹtì, ní ìmísí láti ọwọ́ alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ ará Sweden, Greta Thunberg, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọdọ ní àkókò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 19 March|2019}}; {{harvnb|Boulianne|Lalancette|Ilkiw|2020}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ bíi Extinction Rebellion ti tún ṣe àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àìgbọràn sí òfin láìfi agbára mú (civil disobedience) ní ìwọ̀n ńlá, nípa dídènà àwọn ọ̀nà àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú-ọ̀nà gbogbogbò láti fi ṣe ìdáríjì.<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsche Welle, 22 June|2019}}.</ref>
Lílo ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́ ti ń pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti mú ìgbésẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára sí i láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ aládani. Àwọn alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ tún ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ẹjọ́ tí wọ́n ń dojú kọ àwọn ìjọba, tí wọ́n sì ń béèrè pé kí wọ́n gbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tó lágbára lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí kí wọ́n mú àwọn òfin ojú-ọjọ́ tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ ṣiṣẹ́.<ref>{{cite news |last=Connolly |first=Kate |date=29 April 2021 |title='Historic' German ruling says climate goals not tough enough |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/29/historic-german-ruling-says-climate-goals-not-tough-enough |access-date=1 May 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Àwọn ẹjọ́ tí a ń fi kàn àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili sábà máa ń wá ìsanwó ìtanràn fún ìpàdánù àti ìbàjẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Setzer|Byrnes|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ 23 Oṣù Keje ọdún 2025, Ilé Ẹjọ́ Àgbáyé ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (International Court of Justice) tú ìmọ̀ràn òfin rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti sọ ní kedere pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àti pé tí wọ́n bá kùnà láti ṣe ojúṣe náà, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì lè fi ẹjọ́ kàn wọ́n. Ojúṣe yìí pẹ̀lú mímú àwọn ìlérí tí wọ́n ṣe nínú àwọn àdéhùn àgbáyé tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ, bíi Adehun Ojú-ọjọ́ Paris ti ọdún 2015.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Summary: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-sum-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Press Release: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref>
== Ìtàn ==
=== Àwọn Ìṣàwárí Àkọ́kọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:18560823 Eunice Newton Foote - greenhouse effect.png|thumb|Eunice Newton Foote ṣàfihàn ipa tí carbon dioxide ní láti di ooru mú ní ọdún 1856, ó sì rí ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ fún ayé níwájú.<ref name=Foote1856>{{cite journal|last=Foote |first=Eunice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382 |title=Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays |date=November 1856 |journal=The American Journal of Science and Arts |volume=22 |pages=382–383 |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234235/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382%2F |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> (Ní àkókò náà, a máa ń pe carbon dioxide ní “carbonic acid gas”.)]]
Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún bíi Alexander von Humboldt bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rí ipa tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè ní níwájú.<ref name="Nord 2020 p. 51">{{cite book |last=Nord |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmMGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |title=Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-52324-4 |series=Springer Polar Sciences |page=51 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Mukherjee Scanlon Aureli Langan 2020 p. 331">{{cite book |last1=Van Der Gun |first1=Jac |title=Global Groundwater |chapter=Groundwater resources sustainability |date=2021 |pages=331–345 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-818172-0.00024-4 |isbn=978-0-12-818172-0 }}</ref><ref name="von Humboldt Wulf 2018 p. 10">{{cite book | last1=von Humboldt | first1=A. | last2=Wulf | first2=A. | title=Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt: Edited and Introduced by Andrea Wulf | publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group | series=Everyman's Library Classics Series | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-101-90807-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xal2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PR10 | access-date=11 March 2023 | page=10}}</ref><ref name="Erdkamp Manning Verboven 2021 p. 6">{{cite book |last1=Erdkamp |first1=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbdMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR6 |title=Climate Change and Ancient Societies in Europe and the Near East: Diversity in Collapse and Resilience |last2=Manning |first2=Joseph G. |author-link2=Joseph Manning (historian) |last3=Verboven |first3=Koenraad |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-81103-7 |series=Palgrave Studies in Ancient Economies |page=6 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1820s, Joseph Fourier dámọ̀ràn ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) láti ṣàlàyé ìdí tí ìwọ̀n ooru Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi ga ju ohun tí agbára Oòrùn nìkan lè ṣàlàyé lọ. Afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn lè kọjá, nítorí náà ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn dé ojú ilẹ̀, níbi tí a ti ń yí i padà sí ooru. Ṣùgbọ́n afẹ́fẹ́ kò jẹ́ kí gbogbo ooru tí ojú ilẹ̀ ń tú jáde lè kọjá; ó di díẹ̀ nínú ooru náà mú, èyí sì ń mú kí Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA10 10–14]}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi (water vapour) ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tí ó pè ní “Circumstances Affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays”, ó parí rẹ̀ pé: “Afẹ́fẹ́ tí gáàsì yìí bá pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ yóò fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé wa ní ìwọ̀n ooru gíga.”<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Huddleston|2019}}</ref>
[[File:19120814 Coal Consumption Affecting Climate - Rodney and Otamatea Times.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Àpilẹ̀kọ ọdún 1912 yìí ṣàlàyé ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) ní ṣókí, ó sì ṣàfihàn bí sísun èédú ṣe ń dá carbon dioxide sílẹ̀, èyí tí ń fa ìgbóná ayé àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Otamatea Times">{{cite news |date=14 August 1912 |title=Coal Consumption Affecting Climate |page=7 |work=Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette |location=Warkworth, New Zealand |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ROTWKG19120814.2.56.5}} Text was earlier [[:File:191203 Furnaces of the world - Popular Mechanics - Global warming.jpg|published in ''Popular Mechanics'']], March 1912, p. 341.</ref>]]
Láti ọdún 1859,<ref>{{harvnb|Tyndall|1861}}.</ref> John Tyndall fi hàn pé nitrogen àti oxygen—tí wọ́n jọ jẹ́ 99% afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ—kò di ooru tí a ń tú jáde mú. Ṣùgbọ́n ìrì omi (water vapour) àti àwọn gáàsì bíi methane àti carbon dioxide máa ń gba ooru tí a ń tú jáde, wọ́n sì tún máa ń tú ooru náà padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Tyndall dámọ̀ràn pé àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí lè ti fa àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice ages).<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA39 39–42]}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article3.html Tyndall]}}</ref>
Svante Arrhenius ṣàkíyèsí pé iye ìrì omi (water vapour) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń yí padà léraléra, ṣùgbọ́n iye carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ìlànà ilẹ̀-ayé (geological processes) tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ fún àkókò pípẹ́ ń ṣàkóso. Ìgbóná tí ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ bá fa yóò mú kí iye ìrì omi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí yóò sì tún mú ìgbóná náà lágbára sí i nínú ìlànà ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback loop). Ní ọdún 1896, ó tẹ àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) àkọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti ṣe àfihàn pé bí iye CO₂ bá dín kù sí ìdajì, ó lè fa ìdínkù nínú ìwọ̀n ooru tó lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice age). Arrhenius ṣe ìṣírò pé bí iye CO₂ bá di ìlọ́po méjì, ìwọ̀n ooru ayé lè pọ̀ sí i ní ààrin 5 sí 6 °C.{{sfn|Lapenis|1998}} Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì mìíràn ní iyèméjì nípa èrò yìí, wọ́n sì gbà pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì ti dé àyè tí kò lè pọ̀ sí i mọ́ (saturated), nítorí náà fífi CO₂ kún un kò ní ṣe ìyàtọ̀ kankan, àti pé ojú-ọjọ́ yóò máa ṣètò ara rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect">{{harvnb|Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article4.html Arrhenius]}}</ref> Láti ọdún 1938, Guy Stewart Callendar bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tẹ ẹ̀rí jáde pé ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbóná sí i àti pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref>{{harvnb|Callendar|1938}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2007}}.</ref> ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìṣírò rẹ̀ dojú kọ àwọn àríyànjiyàn kan náà tí a ti gbé kalẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" />
=== Ìdàgbàsókè ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì ===
[[Fáìlì:20211103 Academic studies of scientific consensus - global warming, climate change - vertical bar chart - cs.svg|thumb|Ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìdí (causation): Àwọn ìwádìí ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìṣọ̀kan ìmọ̀ nípa ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa láàárín àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ (2010–2015) fi hàn pé ìpele ìṣọ̀kan náà ń bá ìpele ìmọ̀ amọ̀ja lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=John |last2=Oreskes |first2= Naomi |last3=Doran |first3=Peter T. |author4-link=William Anderegg |last4=Anderegg |first4=William R. L. |last5=Verheggen |first5=Bart |display-authors=4 |year=2016 |title=Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=11 |issue=4 |article-number=048002 |bibcode= 2016ERL....11d8002C |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002 |doi-access=free|hdl=1983/34949783-dac1-4ce7-ad95-5dc0798930a6 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Ìwádìí 2019 fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì jẹ́ 100%,<ref name="Powell2019" /> àti ìwádìí 2021 fi hàn pé ó ju 99% lọ.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìwádìí mìíràn ní ọdún 2021 tún fi hàn pé 98.7% àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ sọ pé Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbóná jù lọ nítorí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn.<ref name="Myers2021">{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2= Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal= [[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode= 2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free}}</ref>]]
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:FrontLines-EGAT 2011 Environment Photo Contest Top Entry (5842818280).jpg|Gíngbin mangrove àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn fún ààbò ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè (habitat conservation) lè dín ìkún omi etíkun kù.
File:Seawallventnor.jpg|Àwọn ògiri ìdènà omi òkun (seawalls) fún ààbò lódì sí ìgbì omi alágbára (storm surge) tí ìgòkè omi òkun ti mú burú sí i.
File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof Edit1.jpg|Àwọn òrùlé aláwọ̀ ewé (green roofs) láti pèsè ìtútù sí i nínú àwọn ìlú.
File:2013.02-402-294a_Pearl_millet,breeding,selfing_ICRISAT,Patancheru(Hyderabad,Andhra_Pradesh),IN_wed20feb2013.jpg|Yíyan àti ìbísí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lè fara da ọ̀dá fún ìmújáde àwọn irugbin tó lè koju àìní omi.
</gallery>
|}
== Àwọn Ìlànà àti Òṣèlú ==
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó wà nínú ewu jù lọ láti ọwọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àwọn tí kò ní ipa púpọ̀ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Èyí sì ń gbé àwọn ìbéèrè nípa ìdájọ́ òdodo àti ìṣòdodo yẹ̀ wò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=Section 3|p=17}}</ref> Dídín ìgbóná ayé kù ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn púpọ̀ láti ṣàṣeyọrí Àwọn Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN Sustainable Development Goals), bíi pípaarẹ́ òṣì àti dídín àìdọ́gba kù. A ti jẹ́wọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ yìí nínú Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero Kẹtàlá (Sustainable Development Goal 13), èyí tí àfojúsùn rẹ̀ jẹ́ “gbígbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kíákíá láti koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀”.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=447}}; United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> Àwọn àfojúsùn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú oúnjẹ, omi mímu tó mọ́, àti ààbò àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ní àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=477}}
Ìṣèlú àgbáyé nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (geopolitics of climate change) jẹ́ ọ̀ràn tó díjú. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wo ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣòro “ẹni tí ń jèrè láì san owó” (free-rider problem), níbi tí gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè ti ń jèrè láti inú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn gbé, ṣùgbọ́n tí orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan lè rí ìpadánù ọrọ̀ ajé bí wọ́n bá yí padà sí ètò ọrọ̀ ajé tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré. Ní àwọn ìgbà kan, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tún ní àwọn àǹfààní tó kan agbègbè kan pàtó. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn àǹfààní tó wà nínú dídá lílo èédú dúró fún ìlera àwọn ènìyàn àti àyíká agbègbè máa ń ju iye owó tí a ná lórí rẹ̀ lọ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo agbègbè.<ref name="Rauner 2020">{{harvnb|Rauner|Bauer|Dirnaichner|Van Dingenen|2020}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú èyí, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń wọ epo àti àwọn epo fosaili mìíràn wọlé máa ń jèrè nípa ọrọ̀ ajé nígbà tí wọ́n bá yí padà sí agbára mímọ́. Ní ìhà kejì, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń ta àwọn epo fosaili jáde lè dojú kọ ìṣòro àwọn ohun-ìní tí kò ní olùra mọ́ (stranded assets), ìyẹn àwọn epo fosaili tí wọn kò lè tà mọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Mercure|Pollitt|Viñuales|Edwards|2018}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Àṣàyàn Ìlànà ===
Ọ̀pọ̀ oríṣìíríṣìí ìlànà, ìlànà ìṣàkóso, àti òfin ni a ń lò láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù. Ní ọdún 2019, ìṣètò ìye carbon (carbon pricing) bo nǹkan bí ìdá 20% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank, June|2019|p=12|loc=Box 1}}</ref> A lè fi owó sí carbon nípasẹ̀ owó-ori carbon (carbon taxes) àti ètò ìṣòwò ìtújáde (emissions trading systems).<ref>{{harvnb|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}}; {{harvnb|Hagmann|Ho|Loewenstein|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn ìrànwọ́ ìjọba fún epo fosaili dé $319 billion ní ọdún 2017, àti tó $5.2 trillion tí a bá kà àwọn ìnáwó àìrìrìn bíi ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ (air pollution) sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1866}}</ref> Dídá irú àwọn ìrànwọ́ wọ̀nyí dúró lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù ní ìdá 28% àti dín ìkú tó wá láti ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ kù ní ìdá 46%.<ref>{{harvnb|UN Human Development Report|2020|p=10}}</ref> Owó tí a bá fi pamọ́ nínú ìrànwọ́ epo fosaili lè jẹ́ kí a lò ó fún ìtìlẹ́yìn ìyípadà sí agbára mímọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|International Institute for Sustainable Development|2019|p=iv}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà míì tó taara láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n agbára ọkọ̀ (vehicle efficiency standards), ìlànà lílo epo mímọ́ (renewable fuel standards), àti ìlànà ìdènà ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá.<ref>{{harvnb|ICCT|2019|p=iv}}; {{harvnb|Natural Resources Defense Council, 29 September|2017}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè tún ń béèrè pé kí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ amáyédẹrùn iná mànàmáná (utilities) pọ̀ si ìpín agbára àtúnlò nínú ìmújáde iná.<ref>{{harvnb|National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April|2020}}; {{harvnb|European Parliament, February|2020}}</ref> A dá “Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets” sílẹ̀ ní COP30 (2025) pẹ̀lú ète láti dá ètò cap-and-trade àgbáyé sílẹ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìṣirò kan, ètò yìí lè mú kí ìdínkù ìtújáde pọ̀ sí i ní ìgbà méje ju àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ, kó tó $200 billion lọ́dọọdún fún agbára mímọ́ àti àwọn ètò àwùjọ, àti pé ó lè pa àlàfo tó wà láàárín ìtújáde tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ àti àwọn àfojúsùn Ìpinnu Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Building a Climate Coalition: Aligning Carbon Pricing, Trade, and Development |url=https://salatainstitute.harvard.edu/building-a-climate-coalition-gcpp-flagship-report/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |website=The Salata Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carbon Market Coalition Welcomes 18 Member Countries at COP30 |url=https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18-member-countries-at-cop30 |website=COP30 Brasil Amazonia Belem 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coppenborge |first1=Florentine |title=A coalition on compliance carbon markets to make climate clubs politically feasible |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=16 January 2026 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=232–233 |doi=10.1038/s41558-025-02541-5 |bibcode=2026NatCC..16..232K |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02541-5 |access-date=16 January 2026}}</ref>
=== Ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Ìlànà tí a ṣe lábẹ́ ojú ìwòye ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbìyànjú láti koju àwọn ọ̀ràn ẹ̀tọ́ ènìyàn àti àìdọ́gba àwùjọ. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùgbéyàwò ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe sọ, àwọn tí ó ní ojúṣe jùlọ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ó yẹ kí wọ́n san owó fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation), nígbà tí àwọn tí yóò jèrè owó yìí yẹ kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan jùlọ. Ọ̀nà kan láti ṣe é nínú ìṣe ni pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọlọ́rọ̀ san owó fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní láti ṣe ìmúra sílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 16 October|2021}}</ref>
Oxfam rí i pé ní ọdún 2023, ìdá 10% àwọn ènìyàn tó lágbára jù lọ ní ọrọ̀ ajé ló jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 50% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì àgbáyé, nígbà tí ìdá 50% tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 8% nìkan.<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Khalfan |first1=Ashfaq |last2=Nilsson Lewis |first2=Astrid |last3=Aguilar |first3=Carlos |last4=Persson |first4=Jaqueline |last5=Lawson |first5=Max |last6=Dabi |first6=Nafkote |last7=Jayoussi |first7=Safa |last8=Acharya |first8=Sunil |title=Climate Equality: A planet for the 99% |date=2023 |doi=10.21201/2023.000001 |hdl=10546/621551 }}</ref> Ọ̀nà míì láti wo ojúṣe ni nípa ìmújáde ìtújáde fúnra rẹ̀: gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlànà yìí, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili 21 tó ga jù lọ yóò jẹ́ gbèsè ìsanpada ìbàjẹ́ ojú-ọjọ́ tó tó $5.4 trillion láàárín ọdún 2025 sí 2050.<ref name=OneEarth_20230519>{{cite journal |last1=Grasso |first1=Marco |last2=Heede |first2=Richard |title=Time to pay the piper: Fossil fuel companies' reparations for climate damages |journal=One Earth |date=19 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=459–463 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.04.012 |bibcode=2023OEart...6..459G |bibcode-access=free |doi-access=free |hdl=10281/416137 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà tó dá lórí ìdájọ́ òdodo (just transition), àwọn ènìyàn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka epo fosaili yóò nílò àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn, àti pé àwọn àwùjọ wọn yóò nílò ìdókòwò àti ìtìlẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 4 Jan|2017}}.</ref>
=== Àwọn àdéhùn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ===
[[Fáìlì:Total CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Láti ọdún 2000, ìdàgbàsókè ìtújáde CO₂ ní Ṣáínà àti àwọn apá mìíràn ti ayé ti kọjá ti United States àti Yúróòpù.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019">{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}, Table 7.</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetByRegion_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 73: Global CO2 emissions by region |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Per Capita CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn, United States ń ṣe ìtújáde CO₂ ní ìyára tó ga jù lọ ju àwọn agbègbè pàtàkì mìíràn lọ.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019"/><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetPerCapita_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 74: Global CO2 emissions per capita |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Fere gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ayé ni wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Adehun Àgbáyé Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) ti ọdún 1994.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}}</ref> Àfojúsùn UNFCCC ni láti dènà ìfarapa tí ènìyàn lè fa sí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC|1992|loc=Article 2}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe sọ nínú àdéhùn náà, èyí ń béèrè kí a mú ìpele àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná dúró ní afẹ́fẹ́ ní àkókò kan tí yóò jẹ́ kí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lọ́nà àdánidá, kí ìmújáde oúnjẹ má bàjẹ́, àti kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé lè tẹ̀síwájú.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007|p=97}}.</ref> UNFCCC fúnra rẹ̀ kò fi ìdínkù ìtújáde lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè lórí taara, ṣùgbọ́n ó pèsè àgbékalẹ̀ fún àwọn àdéhùn mìíràn tí ń ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Ìtújáde àgbáyé ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìgbà tí UNFCCC ti bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name="EPA-2019">{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn àpérò ọdún rẹ̀ ni a máa ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààyè fún ìjíròrò àti ìdúnàádúrà ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences?"}}</ref>
Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol) ti ọdún 1997 gbooro sí i lórí UNFCCC, ó sì ní àwọn ìlérí tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà láti dín ìtújáde wọn kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Kyoto Protocol|1997}}; {{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref> Nígbà àwọn ìdúnàádúrà náà, G77 (tó ń ṣojú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà) tẹnu mọ́ ìlànà kan tó ń béèrè pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà “ṣáájú” nínú dídín ìtújáde wọn kù,<ref>{{harvnb|Dessai|2001|p=4}}; {{harvnb|Grubb|2003}}.</ref> nítorí pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí ló kópa jù lọ nínú ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Ìtújáde fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn (per-capita emissions) ṣì kéré ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà nígbà náà, àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí yóò nílò láti tú gáàsì sí i láti lè bá àwọn àìní ìdàgbàsókè wọn mu.<ref>{{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref>
Adehun Copenhagen (Copenhagen Accord) ti ọdún 2009 ni a ti ṣàpèjúwe ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí kò ṣàṣeyọrí púpọ̀ nítorí àwọn àfojúsùn rẹ̀ tó kéré, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní sì kọ̀ ọ́, pẹ̀lú G77.<ref>{{harvnb|Müller|2010}}; {{harvnb|The New York Times, 25 May|2015}}; {{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}; {{harvnb|EUobserver, 20 December|2009}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tó fọwọ́ sí i ní ète láti fi ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}.</ref> Adehun náà gbé àfojúsùn kalẹ̀ láti pèsè $100 billion lọ́dọọdún fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù àti fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ní ọdún 2020, ó sì dámọ̀ràn ìdásílẹ̀ Àpò Owó Ojú-ọjọ́ Aláwọ̀ Ewé (Green Climate Fund).<ref>{{cite conference |date=7–18 December 2009 |title=Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |location=Copenhagen |id=FCCC/CP/2009/L.7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018074452/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |archive-date=18 October 2010 |access-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2020, $83.3 billion péré ni a ti pèsè. Kì í ṣe títí di ọdún 2023 ni a retí pé àfojúsùn náà yóò ṣẹ.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bennett |first1=Paige |title=High-Income Nations Are on Track Now to Meet $100 Billion Climate Pledges, but They're Late |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/wealthy-countries-climate-change-reparations.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |agency=Ecowatch |date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2015, gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN) dúnàádúrà lórí Adehun Paris (Paris Agreement), èyí tí ó ní ète láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró jìnà sí 2.0 °C, tí ó sì tún ní àfojúsùn àfikún láti pa ìgbóná ayé mọ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ 1.5 °C.{{sfn|Paris Agreement|2015}} Adehun náà rọ́pò Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol). Kò dàbí Kyoto, a kò ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn ìdínkù ìtújáde tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin nínú Adehun Paris. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìlànà ìṣe tí ó jẹ́ dandan. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ máa ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn tuntun tí ó túbọ̀ lágbára, kí wọ́n sì tún ṣe àyẹ̀wò wọn lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní gbogbo ọdún márùn-ún.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 8 October|2018}}.</ref> Adehun Paris tún jẹ́rìí sí i pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà gbọ́dọ̀ gba ìtìlẹ́yìn owó.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=5}}.</ref> Títí di oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2025, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ 194 àti Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (European Union) ti darapọ̀ mọ́ tàbí fọwọ́ sí adehun náà.<ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Treaties, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection}}; {{harvnb|Salon, 25 September|2019}}.</ref>
Ìlànà Montreal (Montreal Protocol) ti ọdún 1987, tó jẹ́ àdéhùn àgbáyé láti dá ìmújáde àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ dúró, ti ní àwọn àǹfààní fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> Díẹ̀ lára àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́, bíi chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an. Nítorí náà, dídènà ìmújáde àti lílo wọn lè ti yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.0 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 31}}</ref> pẹ̀lú ìgbóná àfikún míì nípa dídènà ìbàjẹ́ ewéko láti ọwọ́ ìtanràn ultraviolet.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 35}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> A ti ṣírò pé àdéhùn náà ti munadoko jù Ìlànà Kyoto lọ nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Kyoto ni a ṣe ní pàtàkì fún ète yẹn.<ref>{{harvnb|Goyal|England|Sen Gupta|Jucker|2019}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}</ref> Àtúnṣe tuntun jù lọ sí Ìlànà Montreal, Ìtúnṣe Kigali (Kigali Amendment) ti ọdún 2016, fi ojúṣe lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè láti dín ìtújáde hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) kù. Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí àropò fún àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ tí a ti fòfin de, wọ́n sì tún jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 21 November|2017}}</ref> Tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bá tẹ̀lé àtúnṣe náà, a fojú díwọ̀n pé a lè yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.3 °C sí 0.5 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|p=15}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Daniel|Montzka|Vimont|Rigby|Krummel|Muhle|O'Doherty|Prinn,|Weiss|Young|2022}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ìdáhùn Orílẹ̀-èdè Kọ̀ọ̀kan ===
[[Fáìlì:Global annual CO2 emissions by world region since 1750.svg|thumb|Ìtújáde CO₂ lọ́dọọdún gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbègbè. Èyí ń díwọ̀n ìtújáde láti inú epo fosaili àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́. Àwọn ìyípadà nínú lílo ilẹ̀ kò sí nínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region |title=Annual {{CO2}} emissions by world region |website=ourworldindata.org |publisher=[[Our World in Data]] |format=chart|access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, ilé aṣòfin United Kingdom di ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè àkọ́kọ́ láti kéde ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ (climate emergency).<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC, 1 May|2019}}; {{Harvnb|Vice, 2 May|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè ìṣàkóso mìíràn sì tẹ̀lé àpẹẹrẹ náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Verge, 27 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún kan náà, Ilé Aṣòfin Yúróòpù (European Parliament) kéde “ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ àti àyíká” (climate and environmental emergency).<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 November|2019}}</ref> Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù (European Commission) gbé European Green Deal kalẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àfojúsùn láti jẹ́ kí Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (EU) di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Politico, 11 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 2021, Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù tú àkójọpọ̀ òfin “Fit for 55” jáde, èyí tí ó ní àwọn ìtọ́nisọ́nà fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́; gbogbo ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tuntun ní ọjà Yúróòpù gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ọkọ̀ tí kò ní ìtújáde gáàsì rárá (zero-emission vehicles) láti ọdún 2035.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541 |work=[[European Commission]] |date=14 July 2021}}</ref>
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ńlá ní Éṣíà ti ṣe irú àwọn ìlérí bẹ́ẹ̀: South Korea àti Japan ti ṣe ìlérí láti di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050, àti Ṣáínà ní ọdún 2060.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 October|2020}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé India ní àwọn ìdí tó lágbára láti gbé agbára àtúnlò lárugẹ, ó tún ní ètò láti mú lílo èédú (coal) pọ̀ sí i ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker}}</ref> Vietnam jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè díẹ̀ tí ó gbára lé èédú gan-an tí ó sì ń dàgbà ní kíákíá, tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìlérí láti fòpin sí lílo iná èédú tí kò ní ìgbésẹ̀ ìdínkù ìtújáde (unabated coal power) ní àwọn ọdún 2040 tàbí ní kíákíá lẹ́yìn náà bí ó bá ṣeé ṣe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Do |first1=Thang Nam |last2=Burke |first2=Paul J. |title=Phasing out coal power in a developing country context: Insights from Vietnam |journal=Energy Policy |year=2023 |volume=176 |issue=May 2023 113512 |article-number=113512 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113512 |bibcode=2023EnPol.17613512D |hdl=1885/286612 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
As of 2021, based on information from 48 national climate plans, which represent 40% of the parties to the Paris Agreement, estimated total greenhouse gas emissions will be 0.5% lower compared to 2010 levels, below the 45% or 25% reduction goals to limit global warming to 1.5 °C or 2 °C, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021|pp=4–5}}; {{cite news |author=UNFCCC Press Office |date=26 February 2021 |title=Greater Climate Ambition Urged as Initial NDC Synthesis Report Is Published |url=https://unfccc.int/news/greater-climate-ambition-urged-as-initial-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
== Awujọ àti àṣà ==
=== Ìtìkà àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:20200327 Climate change deniers cherry picking time periods.gif|thumb|A ti yan data kúrò nínú àwọn àkókò kúkúrú láti fi ṣàṣìṣe sọ pé ìgbóná àgbáyé kò ń pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn laini àtẹ̀jáde buluu (blue trendlines) ń fi hàn àwọn àkókò kúkúrú tí ó bo ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná tí ó pẹ́ jù (red trendlines). Àpótí buluu pẹ̀lú àwọn kíkà buluu ń ṣàfihàn ohun tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus.{{sfn|Stover|2014}}]]
Ìjíròrò gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ní ipa gidi látàrí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́, èyí tí ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní United States, tí ó sì ti tan sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì, pàápàá jù lọ Canada àti Australia. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, àwọn ìlúmọ̀ọ́kànlẹ̀ olóṣèlú alátakò (conservative think tanks), àti àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì alátakò.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|pp=144, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&pg=PA155 155]}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ilé-iṣẹ́ taba ṣe tẹ̀lé ṣáájú, ìlànà pàtàkì àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí ni láti dá ìyemeji sílẹ̀ lórí data sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn abajade ìwádìí tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.[419]<ref>{{harvnb|Oreskes|Conway|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí ń ní ìyemeji tí kò ní ìdí tó dájú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a máa ń pè ní “skeptics” ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bí “contrarians” tàbí “deniers” ni ó yẹ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Neill|Boykoff|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref>
Oríṣìíríṣìí ìrísí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ wà: díẹ̀ ń sẹ́ pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá, díẹ̀ ń gba pé ìgbóná ń pọ̀ sí i ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ń sọ pé àwọn ipa àdánidá ló ń fa a, àwọn míì sì ń dín ipa búburú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name="Björnberg 2017">{{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Ṣíṣe ìyemeji lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì yípadà sí ìdààmú tí a dá mọ́ọ̀mọ́: ìdààmú tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti jẹ́ kí ènìyàn rò pé ìyemeji púpọ̀ wà nínú àwùjọ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, kí ó lè fa ìdádúró nínú ìyípadà ìlànà ìjọba.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2015|p=308}}.</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà tí a fi ń gbé àwọn èrò wọ̀nyí kalẹ̀ ni ìbáwí àti ìkọ̀lù sí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì,<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|p=146}}.</ref> àti bí a ṣe ń béèrè ìdí àti ìlòkàn àwọn onímọ̀ kọọkan.<ref name="Björnberg 2017"/> Àwọn àgbègbè ìsọfúnni (echo chamber) nínú àwọn blog àti média tí ń sẹ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti tún ń mú àìgbọ́ye pọ̀ sí i nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Harvey|Van den Berg|Ellers|Kampen|2018}}</ref>
=== Ìmọ̀ àti ojú-ìwòye gbogbo ènìyàn ===
[[File:20220629 Public estimates of scientific consensus on climate change - horizontal bar chart.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| TÀwọn ènìyàn gbangba (public) ń kéré sí ìmòye gidi nípa ìpò ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (data 2022).<ref name=KingsCollegeReport_20220629>{{cite web |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |website=PERITIA Trust EU – The Policy Institute of King's College London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |page=4 |date=June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìwádìí láàárín 2019 sí 2021<ref name="Powell2019">{{cite journal |last1=Powell |first1=James |date=20 November 2019 |title=Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming |journal=[[Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society]] |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=183–184 |doi=10.1177/0270467619886266 }}</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2=Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode=2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free }}</ref> fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì wà ní àárín 98.7 sí 100%.]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àfiyèsí gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ayé ní ìparí ọdún 1980s.<ref name="Weart">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}}</ref> Nítorí ìròyìn média ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1990s, àwọn ènìyàn sábà máa ń dà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọ̀ràn àyíká mìíràn bíi ìparun ozone (ozone depletion).<ref name="Newell2006">{{harvnb|Newell|2006|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}}</ref> Nínú àṣà gbajúgbajà (popular culture), fíìmù ìtàn ìmọ̀-jinlẹ̀ The Day After Tomorrow (2004) àti àkọsílẹ̀ Al Gore An Inconvenient Truth (2006) ló dojú kọ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ́lé pàtàkì.<ref name="Weart" />
lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kan, àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọdọ, ni ó ṣeé ṣe jù lọ láti ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìbànújẹ tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ biology fún kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì ní ọdún 2010s ní àkóónú kéré síi lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ju ti ọdún ṣáájú lọ, pẹ̀lú ìtẹnumọ́ kéré síi lórí àwọn ojútùú.<ref>https://undark.org/2023/01/10/in-some-textbooks-climate-change-content-is-few-and-far-between/</ref> Àwọn ìyàtọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ olóṣèlú (partisan gaps) tún wà ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}.</ref> àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga jù lọ sábà máa ń ní ìbànújẹ kéré síi.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwòye lórí àwọn ìdí tí ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yàtọ̀ gan-an láàárín àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=7}}.</ref> Ìròyìn média tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìdáríjì (protests) ti ní ipa lórí ìmọ̀ àti ìmọ̀lára gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú àwọn apá tí a ń tẹnumọ́ nínú ìjíròrò ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulliver |first=Robyn |date=3 November 2021 |title=A Comparative Analysis of Australian Media Coverage of the 2019 Climate Protests |url=https://commonslibrary.org/a-comparative-analysis-of-australian-media-coverage-of-the-2019-climate-protests/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ìpele ìbànújẹ tó ga jọmọ́ ìtìlẹ́yìn gbogbo ènìyàn tó lágbára sí ìlànà tó ń koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Leiserowitz|2013|p=943}}.</ref> Ìbànújẹ ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2024|pp=22–26}}</ref> àti ní ọdún 2021 ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aráàlú ní orílẹ̀-èdè 30 fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìbànújẹ gíga tàbí wọ́n ka a sí ìpò pàjáwìrì àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=9}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2021|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwádìí 2024 ní orílẹ̀-èdè 125 fi hàn pé 89% àwọn ènìyàn ayé fẹ́ kí ìgbésẹ̀ ìṣèlú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára síi, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n sábà máa ń kéré sí ìtóye ìmúra àwọn míì láti ṣe ìgbésẹ̀.<ref name=Damian>{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |title='Spiral of silence': climate action is very popular, so why don't people realise it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/22/spiral-of-silence-climate-action-very-popular-why-dont-people-realise |access-date=22 April 2025 |agency=The Guardian |date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=Peter>{{cite journal |last1=Andre |first1=Peter |last2=Boneva |first2=Teodora |last3=Chopra |first3=Felix |last4=Falk |first4=Armin |title=Globally representative evidence on the actual and perceived support for climate action |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=9 February 2024 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=253–259 |doi=10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3 |bibcode=2024NatCC..14..253A }}</ref>
=== Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìjàkadì Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn ìdáríjì ojú-ọjọ́ ń béèrè pé kí àwọn aṣáájú olóṣèlú gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Wọ́n lè wáyé ní irú àwọn àfihàn gbangba, yíyọ ìdókòwò kúrò nínú epo fosaili, ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́, àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn.<ref>{{harvnb|Gunningham|2018}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hartley |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2023 |title=Climate Activism: Start Here |url=https://commonslibrary.org/climate-activism-start-here/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àfihàn tó gbajúmọ̀ ni School Strike for Climate. Nínú ìgbésẹ̀ yìí, àwọn ọdọ káàkiri ayé ti ń ṣe ìdáríjì láti ọdún 2018 nípa kíkúrò nílé-ẹ̀kọ́ ní gbogbo ọjọ́ Ẹtì, ní ìmísí láti ọwọ́ alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ ará Sweden, Greta Thunberg, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọdọ ní àkókò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 19 March|2019}}; {{harvnb|Boulianne|Lalancette|Ilkiw|2020}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ bíi Extinction Rebellion ti tún ṣe àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àìgbọràn sí òfin láìfi agbára mú (civil disobedience) ní ìwọ̀n ńlá, nípa dídènà àwọn ọ̀nà àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú-ọ̀nà gbogbogbò láti fi ṣe ìdáríjì.<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsche Welle, 22 June|2019}}.</ref>
Lílo ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́ ti ń pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti mú ìgbésẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára sí i láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ aládani. Àwọn alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ tún ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ẹjọ́ tí wọ́n ń dojú kọ àwọn ìjọba, tí wọ́n sì ń béèrè pé kí wọ́n gbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tó lágbára lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí kí wọ́n mú àwọn òfin ojú-ọjọ́ tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ ṣiṣẹ́.<ref>{{cite news |last=Connolly |first=Kate |date=29 April 2021 |title='Historic' German ruling says climate goals not tough enough |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/29/historic-german-ruling-says-climate-goals-not-tough-enough |access-date=1 May 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Àwọn ẹjọ́ tí a ń fi kàn àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili sábà máa ń wá ìsanwó ìtanràn fún ìpàdánù àti ìbàjẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Setzer|Byrnes|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ 23 Oṣù Keje ọdún 2025, Ilé Ẹjọ́ Àgbáyé ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (International Court of Justice) tú ìmọ̀ràn òfin rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti sọ ní kedere pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àti pé tí wọ́n bá kùnà láti ṣe ojúṣe náà, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì lè fi ẹjọ́ kàn wọ́n. Ojúṣe yìí pẹ̀lú mímú àwọn ìlérí tí wọ́n ṣe nínú àwọn àdéhùn àgbáyé tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ, bíi Adehun Ojú-ọjọ́ Paris ti ọdún 2015.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Summary: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-sum-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Press Release: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref>
== Ìtàn ==
=== Àwọn Ìṣàwárí Àkọ́kọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:18560823 Eunice Newton Foote - greenhouse effect.png|thumb|Eunice Newton Foote ṣàfihàn ipa tí carbon dioxide ní láti di ooru mú ní ọdún 1856, ó sì rí ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ fún ayé níwájú.<ref name=Foote1856>{{cite journal|last=Foote |first=Eunice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382 |title=Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays |date=November 1856 |journal=The American Journal of Science and Arts |volume=22 |pages=382–383 |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234235/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382%2F |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> (Ní àkókò náà, a máa ń pe carbon dioxide ní “carbonic acid gas”.)]]
Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún bíi Alexander von Humboldt bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rí ipa tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè ní níwájú.<ref name="Nord 2020 p. 51">{{cite book |last=Nord |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmMGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |title=Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-52324-4 |series=Springer Polar Sciences |page=51 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Mukherjee Scanlon Aureli Langan 2020 p. 331">{{cite book |last1=Van Der Gun |first1=Jac |title=Global Groundwater |chapter=Groundwater resources sustainability |date=2021 |pages=331–345 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-818172-0.00024-4 |isbn=978-0-12-818172-0 }}</ref><ref name="von Humboldt Wulf 2018 p. 10">{{cite book | last1=von Humboldt | first1=A. | last2=Wulf | first2=A. | title=Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt: Edited and Introduced by Andrea Wulf | publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group | series=Everyman's Library Classics Series | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-101-90807-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xal2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PR10 | access-date=11 March 2023 | page=10}}</ref><ref name="Erdkamp Manning Verboven 2021 p. 6">{{cite book |last1=Erdkamp |first1=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbdMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR6 |title=Climate Change and Ancient Societies in Europe and the Near East: Diversity in Collapse and Resilience |last2=Manning |first2=Joseph G. |author-link2=Joseph Manning (historian) |last3=Verboven |first3=Koenraad |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-81103-7 |series=Palgrave Studies in Ancient Economies |page=6 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1820s, Joseph Fourier dámọ̀ràn ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) láti ṣàlàyé ìdí tí ìwọ̀n ooru Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi ga ju ohun tí agbára Oòrùn nìkan lè ṣàlàyé lọ. Afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn lè kọjá, nítorí náà ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn dé ojú ilẹ̀, níbi tí a ti ń yí i padà sí ooru. Ṣùgbọ́n afẹ́fẹ́ kò jẹ́ kí gbogbo ooru tí ojú ilẹ̀ ń tú jáde lè kọjá; ó di díẹ̀ nínú ooru náà mú, èyí sì ń mú kí Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA10 10–14]}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi (water vapour) ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tí ó pè ní “Circumstances Affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays”, ó parí rẹ̀ pé: “Afẹ́fẹ́ tí gáàsì yìí bá pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ yóò fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé wa ní ìwọ̀n ooru gíga.”<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Huddleston|2019}}</ref>
[[File:19120814 Coal Consumption Affecting Climate - Rodney and Otamatea Times.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Àpilẹ̀kọ ọdún 1912 yìí ṣàlàyé ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) ní ṣókí, ó sì ṣàfihàn bí sísun èédú ṣe ń dá carbon dioxide sílẹ̀, èyí tí ń fa ìgbóná ayé àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Otamatea Times">{{cite news |date=14 August 1912 |title=Coal Consumption Affecting Climate |page=7 |work=Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette |location=Warkworth, New Zealand |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ROTWKG19120814.2.56.5}} Text was earlier [[:File:191203 Furnaces of the world - Popular Mechanics - Global warming.jpg|published in ''Popular Mechanics'']], March 1912, p. 341.</ref>]]
Láti ọdún 1859,<ref>{{harvnb|Tyndall|1861}}.</ref> John Tyndall fi hàn pé nitrogen àti oxygen—tí wọ́n jọ jẹ́ 99% afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ—kò di ooru tí a ń tú jáde mú. Ṣùgbọ́n ìrì omi (water vapour) àti àwọn gáàsì bíi methane àti carbon dioxide máa ń gba ooru tí a ń tú jáde, wọ́n sì tún máa ń tú ooru náà padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Tyndall dámọ̀ràn pé àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí lè ti fa àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice ages).<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA39 39–42]}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article3.html Tyndall]}}</ref>
Svante Arrhenius ṣàkíyèsí pé iye ìrì omi (water vapour) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń yí padà léraléra, ṣùgbọ́n iye carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ìlànà ilẹ̀-ayé (geological processes) tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ fún àkókò pípẹ́ ń ṣàkóso. Ìgbóná tí ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ bá fa yóò mú kí iye ìrì omi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí yóò sì tún mú ìgbóná náà lágbára sí i nínú ìlànà ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback loop). Ní ọdún 1896, ó tẹ àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) àkọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti ṣe àfihàn pé bí iye CO₂ bá dín kù sí ìdajì, ó lè fa ìdínkù nínú ìwọ̀n ooru tó lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice age). Arrhenius ṣe ìṣírò pé bí iye CO₂ bá di ìlọ́po méjì, ìwọ̀n ooru ayé lè pọ̀ sí i ní ààrin 5 sí 6 °C.{{sfn|Lapenis|1998}} Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì mìíràn ní iyèméjì nípa èrò yìí, wọ́n sì gbà pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì ti dé àyè tí kò lè pọ̀ sí i mọ́ (saturated), nítorí náà fífi CO₂ kún un kò ní ṣe ìyàtọ̀ kankan, àti pé ojú-ọjọ́ yóò máa ṣètò ara rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect">{{harvnb|Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article4.html Arrhenius]}}</ref> Láti ọdún 1938, Guy Stewart Callendar bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tẹ ẹ̀rí jáde pé ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbóná sí i àti pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref>{{harvnb|Callendar|1938}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2007}}.</ref> ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìṣírò rẹ̀ dojú kọ àwọn àríyànjiyàn kan náà tí a ti gbé kalẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" />
=== Ìdàgbàsókè ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì ===
[[Fáìlì:20211103 Academic studies of scientific consensus - global warming, climate change - vertical bar chart - cs.svg|thumb|Ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìdí (causation): Àwọn ìwádìí ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìṣọ̀kan ìmọ̀ nípa ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa láàárín àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ (2010–2015) fi hàn pé ìpele ìṣọ̀kan náà ń bá ìpele ìmọ̀ amọ̀ja lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=John |last2=Oreskes |first2= Naomi |last3=Doran |first3=Peter T. |author4-link=William Anderegg |last4=Anderegg |first4=William R. L. |last5=Verheggen |first5=Bart |display-authors=4 |year=2016 |title=Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=11 |issue=4 |article-number=048002 |bibcode= 2016ERL....11d8002C |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002 |doi-access=free|hdl=1983/34949783-dac1-4ce7-ad95-5dc0798930a6 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Ìwádìí 2019 fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì jẹ́ 100%,<ref name="Powell2019" /> àti ìwádìí 2021 fi hàn pé ó ju 99% lọ.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìwádìí mìíràn ní ọdún 2021 tún fi hàn pé 98.7% àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ sọ pé Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbóná jù lọ nítorí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn.<ref name="Myers2021">{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2= Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal= [[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode= 2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 1950s, Gilbert Plass dá àwòṣe kọ̀ǹpútà (computer model) tó jinlẹ̀ sílẹ̀, tí ó fi àwọn ìpele afẹ́fẹ́ tó yàtọ̀ síra àti spekítirọ́mù infurarẹ́dì (infrared spectrum) sínú ìṣírò. Àwòṣe yìí sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ yóò fa ìgbóná ayé. Ní àkókò kan náà, Hans Suess rí ẹ̀rí pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i, Roger Revelle sì fi hàn pé òkun kì yóò lè gba gbogbo ìpọ̀sí CO₂ náà. Lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn onímọ̀ yìí ran Charles Keeling lọ́wọ́ láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọsílẹ̀ ìdàgbàsókè CO₂ tó ń lọ síwájú—“Keeling Curve”<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" />—tí ó jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìwádìí tó tẹ̀síwájú ní àwọn ọdún 1960 lórí ìdí ènìyàn nínú ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)"}}</ref> Ìwádìí bíi Charney Report (1979) ti National Research Council tún jẹ́rìí pé àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ jẹ́ péye, wọ́n sì lè sọ ìgbóná tó lágbára tó ń bọ̀ lọ́jọ́ iwájú.<ref name=Charney1979>{{Cite book |last1=Charney |first1=Jule |url=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/12181/chapter/1 |title=Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment |last2=Arakawa |first2=Akio |last3=Baker |first3=D. James |last4=Bolin |first4=Bert |last5=Dickinson |first5=Robert E |last6=Goody |first6=Richard M |last7=Leith |first7=Cecil |last8=Stommel |first8=Henry |last9=Wunsch |first9=Carl |date=1979 |publisher=[[National Academies Press]] |doi=10.17226/12181 |isbn=978-0-309-11910-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424115644/https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/12181/chapter/1 |archive-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1988, James Hansen fi ẹ̀rí hàn níwájú ìgbìmọ̀ US Senate pé ènìyàn ló ń fa ìgbóná ayé, ó sì tún kilọ̀ nípa ewu ìgbóná tí kò bá sí ìmúlò ìdènà.<ref name=nyt19880624>{{cite news |page=1 | title= Global Warming Has Begun, Expert Tells Senate| first1= Philip|last1=Shabecoff | url= https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html| newspaper= [[New York Times]] |date= 24 June 1988 | access-date= 1 August 2012 | quote = ...Dr. James E. Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration told a Congressional committee that it was 99 percent certain that the warming trend was not a natural variation but was caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide and other artificial gases in the atmosphere.}}</ref><ref name="history.aip.org2"/> Lẹ́yìn náà, IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) ni a dá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1988 láti fún àwọn ìjọba àgbáyé ní ìmọ̀ ìtẹ́wọ́gbà òfin. Ìgbìmọ̀ yìí tún mú kí ìwádìí láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀ka sáyẹ́ǹsì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Weart|2013|p=3567}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá IPCC reports, àwọn onímọ̀ ń ṣàyẹ̀wò ìjíròrò sáyẹ́ǹsì tó wà nínú àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ ìròyìn sáyẹ́ǹsì tí a ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ṣáájú ìtẹ̀jáde (peer-reviewed journals).<ref>{{harvnb|Royal Society|2005}}.</ref>
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:FrontLines-EGAT 2011 Environment Photo Contest Top Entry (5842818280).jpg|Gíngbin mangrove àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn fún ààbò ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè (habitat conservation) lè dín ìkún omi etíkun kù.
File:Seawallventnor.jpg|Àwọn ògiri ìdènà omi òkun (seawalls) fún ààbò lódì sí ìgbì omi alágbára (storm surge) tí ìgòkè omi òkun ti mú burú sí i.
File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof Edit1.jpg|Àwọn òrùlé aláwọ̀ ewé (green roofs) láti pèsè ìtútù sí i nínú àwọn ìlú.
File:2013.02-402-294a_Pearl_millet,breeding,selfing_ICRISAT,Patancheru(Hyderabad,Andhra_Pradesh),IN_wed20feb2013.jpg|Yíyan àti ìbísí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lè fara da ọ̀dá fún ìmújáde àwọn irugbin tó lè koju àìní omi.
</gallery>
|}
== Àwọn Ìlànà àti Òṣèlú ==
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó wà nínú ewu jù lọ láti ọwọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àwọn tí kò ní ipa púpọ̀ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Èyí sì ń gbé àwọn ìbéèrè nípa ìdájọ́ òdodo àti ìṣòdodo yẹ̀ wò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=Section 3|p=17}}</ref> Dídín ìgbóná ayé kù ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn púpọ̀ láti ṣàṣeyọrí Àwọn Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN Sustainable Development Goals), bíi pípaarẹ́ òṣì àti dídín àìdọ́gba kù. A ti jẹ́wọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ yìí nínú Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero Kẹtàlá (Sustainable Development Goal 13), èyí tí àfojúsùn rẹ̀ jẹ́ “gbígbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kíákíá láti koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀”.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=447}}; United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> Àwọn àfojúsùn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú oúnjẹ, omi mímu tó mọ́, àti ààbò àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ní àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=477}}
Ìṣèlú àgbáyé nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (geopolitics of climate change) jẹ́ ọ̀ràn tó díjú. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wo ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣòro “ẹni tí ń jèrè láì san owó” (free-rider problem), níbi tí gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè ti ń jèrè láti inú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn gbé, ṣùgbọ́n tí orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan lè rí ìpadánù ọrọ̀ ajé bí wọ́n bá yí padà sí ètò ọrọ̀ ajé tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré. Ní àwọn ìgbà kan, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tún ní àwọn àǹfààní tó kan agbègbè kan pàtó. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn àǹfààní tó wà nínú dídá lílo èédú dúró fún ìlera àwọn ènìyàn àti àyíká agbègbè máa ń ju iye owó tí a ná lórí rẹ̀ lọ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo agbègbè.<ref name="Rauner 2020">{{harvnb|Rauner|Bauer|Dirnaichner|Van Dingenen|2020}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú èyí, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń wọ epo àti àwọn epo fosaili mìíràn wọlé máa ń jèrè nípa ọrọ̀ ajé nígbà tí wọ́n bá yí padà sí agbára mímọ́. Ní ìhà kejì, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń ta àwọn epo fosaili jáde lè dojú kọ ìṣòro àwọn ohun-ìní tí kò ní olùra mọ́ (stranded assets), ìyẹn àwọn epo fosaili tí wọn kò lè tà mọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Mercure|Pollitt|Viñuales|Edwards|2018}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Àṣàyàn Ìlànà ===
Ọ̀pọ̀ oríṣìíríṣìí ìlànà, ìlànà ìṣàkóso, àti òfin ni a ń lò láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù. Ní ọdún 2019, ìṣètò ìye carbon (carbon pricing) bo nǹkan bí ìdá 20% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank, June|2019|p=12|loc=Box 1}}</ref> A lè fi owó sí carbon nípasẹ̀ owó-ori carbon (carbon taxes) àti ètò ìṣòwò ìtújáde (emissions trading systems).<ref>{{harvnb|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}}; {{harvnb|Hagmann|Ho|Loewenstein|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn ìrànwọ́ ìjọba fún epo fosaili dé $319 billion ní ọdún 2017, àti tó $5.2 trillion tí a bá kà àwọn ìnáwó àìrìrìn bíi ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ (air pollution) sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1866}}</ref> Dídá irú àwọn ìrànwọ́ wọ̀nyí dúró lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù ní ìdá 28% àti dín ìkú tó wá láti ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ kù ní ìdá 46%.<ref>{{harvnb|UN Human Development Report|2020|p=10}}</ref> Owó tí a bá fi pamọ́ nínú ìrànwọ́ epo fosaili lè jẹ́ kí a lò ó fún ìtìlẹ́yìn ìyípadà sí agbára mímọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|International Institute for Sustainable Development|2019|p=iv}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà míì tó taara láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n agbára ọkọ̀ (vehicle efficiency standards), ìlànà lílo epo mímọ́ (renewable fuel standards), àti ìlànà ìdènà ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá.<ref>{{harvnb|ICCT|2019|p=iv}}; {{harvnb|Natural Resources Defense Council, 29 September|2017}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè tún ń béèrè pé kí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ amáyédẹrùn iná mànàmáná (utilities) pọ̀ si ìpín agbára àtúnlò nínú ìmújáde iná.<ref>{{harvnb|National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April|2020}}; {{harvnb|European Parliament, February|2020}}</ref> A dá “Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets” sílẹ̀ ní COP30 (2025) pẹ̀lú ète láti dá ètò cap-and-trade àgbáyé sílẹ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìṣirò kan, ètò yìí lè mú kí ìdínkù ìtújáde pọ̀ sí i ní ìgbà méje ju àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ, kó tó $200 billion lọ́dọọdún fún agbára mímọ́ àti àwọn ètò àwùjọ, àti pé ó lè pa àlàfo tó wà láàárín ìtújáde tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ àti àwọn àfojúsùn Ìpinnu Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Building a Climate Coalition: Aligning Carbon Pricing, Trade, and Development |url=https://salatainstitute.harvard.edu/building-a-climate-coalition-gcpp-flagship-report/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |website=The Salata Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carbon Market Coalition Welcomes 18 Member Countries at COP30 |url=https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18-member-countries-at-cop30 |website=COP30 Brasil Amazonia Belem 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coppenborge |first1=Florentine |title=A coalition on compliance carbon markets to make climate clubs politically feasible |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=16 January 2026 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=232–233 |doi=10.1038/s41558-025-02541-5 |bibcode=2026NatCC..16..232K |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02541-5 |access-date=16 January 2026}}</ref>
=== Ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Ìlànà tí a ṣe lábẹ́ ojú ìwòye ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbìyànjú láti koju àwọn ọ̀ràn ẹ̀tọ́ ènìyàn àti àìdọ́gba àwùjọ. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùgbéyàwò ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe sọ, àwọn tí ó ní ojúṣe jùlọ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ó yẹ kí wọ́n san owó fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation), nígbà tí àwọn tí yóò jèrè owó yìí yẹ kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan jùlọ. Ọ̀nà kan láti ṣe é nínú ìṣe ni pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọlọ́rọ̀ san owó fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní láti ṣe ìmúra sílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 16 October|2021}}</ref>
Oxfam rí i pé ní ọdún 2023, ìdá 10% àwọn ènìyàn tó lágbára jù lọ ní ọrọ̀ ajé ló jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 50% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì àgbáyé, nígbà tí ìdá 50% tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 8% nìkan.<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Khalfan |first1=Ashfaq |last2=Nilsson Lewis |first2=Astrid |last3=Aguilar |first3=Carlos |last4=Persson |first4=Jaqueline |last5=Lawson |first5=Max |last6=Dabi |first6=Nafkote |last7=Jayoussi |first7=Safa |last8=Acharya |first8=Sunil |title=Climate Equality: A planet for the 99% |date=2023 |doi=10.21201/2023.000001 |hdl=10546/621551 }}</ref> Ọ̀nà míì láti wo ojúṣe ni nípa ìmújáde ìtújáde fúnra rẹ̀: gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlànà yìí, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili 21 tó ga jù lọ yóò jẹ́ gbèsè ìsanpada ìbàjẹ́ ojú-ọjọ́ tó tó $5.4 trillion láàárín ọdún 2025 sí 2050.<ref name=OneEarth_20230519>{{cite journal |last1=Grasso |first1=Marco |last2=Heede |first2=Richard |title=Time to pay the piper: Fossil fuel companies' reparations for climate damages |journal=One Earth |date=19 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=459–463 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.04.012 |bibcode=2023OEart...6..459G |bibcode-access=free |doi-access=free |hdl=10281/416137 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà tó dá lórí ìdájọ́ òdodo (just transition), àwọn ènìyàn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka epo fosaili yóò nílò àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn, àti pé àwọn àwùjọ wọn yóò nílò ìdókòwò àti ìtìlẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 4 Jan|2017}}.</ref>
=== Àwọn àdéhùn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ===
[[Fáìlì:Total CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Láti ọdún 2000, ìdàgbàsókè ìtújáde CO₂ ní Ṣáínà àti àwọn apá mìíràn ti ayé ti kọjá ti United States àti Yúróòpù.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019">{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}, Table 7.</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetByRegion_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 73: Global CO2 emissions by region |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Per Capita CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn, United States ń ṣe ìtújáde CO₂ ní ìyára tó ga jù lọ ju àwọn agbègbè pàtàkì mìíràn lọ.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019"/><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetPerCapita_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 74: Global CO2 emissions per capita |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Fere gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ayé ni wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Adehun Àgbáyé Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) ti ọdún 1994.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}}</ref> Àfojúsùn UNFCCC ni láti dènà ìfarapa tí ènìyàn lè fa sí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC|1992|loc=Article 2}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe sọ nínú àdéhùn náà, èyí ń béèrè kí a mú ìpele àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná dúró ní afẹ́fẹ́ ní àkókò kan tí yóò jẹ́ kí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lọ́nà àdánidá, kí ìmújáde oúnjẹ má bàjẹ́, àti kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé lè tẹ̀síwájú.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007|p=97}}.</ref> UNFCCC fúnra rẹ̀ kò fi ìdínkù ìtújáde lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè lórí taara, ṣùgbọ́n ó pèsè àgbékalẹ̀ fún àwọn àdéhùn mìíràn tí ń ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Ìtújáde àgbáyé ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìgbà tí UNFCCC ti bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name="EPA-2019">{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn àpérò ọdún rẹ̀ ni a máa ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààyè fún ìjíròrò àti ìdúnàádúrà ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences?"}}</ref>
Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol) ti ọdún 1997 gbooro sí i lórí UNFCCC, ó sì ní àwọn ìlérí tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà láti dín ìtújáde wọn kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Kyoto Protocol|1997}}; {{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref> Nígbà àwọn ìdúnàádúrà náà, G77 (tó ń ṣojú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà) tẹnu mọ́ ìlànà kan tó ń béèrè pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà “ṣáájú” nínú dídín ìtújáde wọn kù,<ref>{{harvnb|Dessai|2001|p=4}}; {{harvnb|Grubb|2003}}.</ref> nítorí pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí ló kópa jù lọ nínú ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Ìtújáde fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn (per-capita emissions) ṣì kéré ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà nígbà náà, àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí yóò nílò láti tú gáàsì sí i láti lè bá àwọn àìní ìdàgbàsókè wọn mu.<ref>{{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref>
Adehun Copenhagen (Copenhagen Accord) ti ọdún 2009 ni a ti ṣàpèjúwe ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí kò ṣàṣeyọrí púpọ̀ nítorí àwọn àfojúsùn rẹ̀ tó kéré, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní sì kọ̀ ọ́, pẹ̀lú G77.<ref>{{harvnb|Müller|2010}}; {{harvnb|The New York Times, 25 May|2015}}; {{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}; {{harvnb|EUobserver, 20 December|2009}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tó fọwọ́ sí i ní ète láti fi ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}.</ref> Adehun náà gbé àfojúsùn kalẹ̀ láti pèsè $100 billion lọ́dọọdún fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù àti fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ní ọdún 2020, ó sì dámọ̀ràn ìdásílẹ̀ Àpò Owó Ojú-ọjọ́ Aláwọ̀ Ewé (Green Climate Fund).<ref>{{cite conference |date=7–18 December 2009 |title=Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |location=Copenhagen |id=FCCC/CP/2009/L.7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018074452/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |archive-date=18 October 2010 |access-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2020, $83.3 billion péré ni a ti pèsè. Kì í ṣe títí di ọdún 2023 ni a retí pé àfojúsùn náà yóò ṣẹ.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bennett |first1=Paige |title=High-Income Nations Are on Track Now to Meet $100 Billion Climate Pledges, but They're Late |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/wealthy-countries-climate-change-reparations.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |agency=Ecowatch |date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2015, gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN) dúnàádúrà lórí Adehun Paris (Paris Agreement), èyí tí ó ní ète láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró jìnà sí 2.0 °C, tí ó sì tún ní àfojúsùn àfikún láti pa ìgbóná ayé mọ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ 1.5 °C.{{sfn|Paris Agreement|2015}} Adehun náà rọ́pò Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol). Kò dàbí Kyoto, a kò ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn ìdínkù ìtújáde tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin nínú Adehun Paris. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìlànà ìṣe tí ó jẹ́ dandan. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ máa ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn tuntun tí ó túbọ̀ lágbára, kí wọ́n sì tún ṣe àyẹ̀wò wọn lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní gbogbo ọdún márùn-ún.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 8 October|2018}}.</ref> Adehun Paris tún jẹ́rìí sí i pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà gbọ́dọ̀ gba ìtìlẹ́yìn owó.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=5}}.</ref> Títí di oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2025, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ 194 àti Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (European Union) ti darapọ̀ mọ́ tàbí fọwọ́ sí adehun náà.<ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Treaties, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection}}; {{harvnb|Salon, 25 September|2019}}.</ref>
Ìlànà Montreal (Montreal Protocol) ti ọdún 1987, tó jẹ́ àdéhùn àgbáyé láti dá ìmújáde àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ dúró, ti ní àwọn àǹfààní fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> Díẹ̀ lára àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́, bíi chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an. Nítorí náà, dídènà ìmújáde àti lílo wọn lè ti yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.0 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 31}}</ref> pẹ̀lú ìgbóná àfikún míì nípa dídènà ìbàjẹ́ ewéko láti ọwọ́ ìtanràn ultraviolet.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 35}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> A ti ṣírò pé àdéhùn náà ti munadoko jù Ìlànà Kyoto lọ nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Kyoto ni a ṣe ní pàtàkì fún ète yẹn.<ref>{{harvnb|Goyal|England|Sen Gupta|Jucker|2019}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}</ref> Àtúnṣe tuntun jù lọ sí Ìlànà Montreal, Ìtúnṣe Kigali (Kigali Amendment) ti ọdún 2016, fi ojúṣe lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè láti dín ìtújáde hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) kù. Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí àropò fún àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ tí a ti fòfin de, wọ́n sì tún jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 21 November|2017}}</ref> Tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bá tẹ̀lé àtúnṣe náà, a fojú díwọ̀n pé a lè yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.3 °C sí 0.5 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|p=15}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Daniel|Montzka|Vimont|Rigby|Krummel|Muhle|O'Doherty|Prinn,|Weiss|Young|2022}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ìdáhùn Orílẹ̀-èdè Kọ̀ọ̀kan ===
[[Fáìlì:Global annual CO2 emissions by world region since 1750.svg|thumb|Ìtújáde CO₂ lọ́dọọdún gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbègbè. Èyí ń díwọ̀n ìtújáde láti inú epo fosaili àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́. Àwọn ìyípadà nínú lílo ilẹ̀ kò sí nínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region |title=Annual {{CO2}} emissions by world region |website=ourworldindata.org |publisher=[[Our World in Data]] |format=chart|access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, ilé aṣòfin United Kingdom di ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè àkọ́kọ́ láti kéde ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ (climate emergency).<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC, 1 May|2019}}; {{Harvnb|Vice, 2 May|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè ìṣàkóso mìíràn sì tẹ̀lé àpẹẹrẹ náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Verge, 27 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún kan náà, Ilé Aṣòfin Yúróòpù (European Parliament) kéde “ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ àti àyíká” (climate and environmental emergency).<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 November|2019}}</ref> Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù (European Commission) gbé European Green Deal kalẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àfojúsùn láti jẹ́ kí Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (EU) di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Politico, 11 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 2021, Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù tú àkójọpọ̀ òfin “Fit for 55” jáde, èyí tí ó ní àwọn ìtọ́nisọ́nà fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́; gbogbo ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tuntun ní ọjà Yúróòpù gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ọkọ̀ tí kò ní ìtújáde gáàsì rárá (zero-emission vehicles) láti ọdún 2035.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541 |work=[[European Commission]] |date=14 July 2021}}</ref>
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ńlá ní Éṣíà ti ṣe irú àwọn ìlérí bẹ́ẹ̀: South Korea àti Japan ti ṣe ìlérí láti di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050, àti Ṣáínà ní ọdún 2060.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 October|2020}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé India ní àwọn ìdí tó lágbára láti gbé agbára àtúnlò lárugẹ, ó tún ní ètò láti mú lílo èédú (coal) pọ̀ sí i ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker}}</ref> Vietnam jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè díẹ̀ tí ó gbára lé èédú gan-an tí ó sì ń dàgbà ní kíákíá, tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìlérí láti fòpin sí lílo iná èédú tí kò ní ìgbésẹ̀ ìdínkù ìtújáde (unabated coal power) ní àwọn ọdún 2040 tàbí ní kíákíá lẹ́yìn náà bí ó bá ṣeé ṣe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Do |first1=Thang Nam |last2=Burke |first2=Paul J. |title=Phasing out coal power in a developing country context: Insights from Vietnam |journal=Energy Policy |year=2023 |volume=176 |issue=May 2023 113512 |article-number=113512 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113512 |bibcode=2023EnPol.17613512D |hdl=1885/286612 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
As of 2021, based on information from 48 national climate plans, which represent 40% of the parties to the Paris Agreement, estimated total greenhouse gas emissions will be 0.5% lower compared to 2010 levels, below the 45% or 25% reduction goals to limit global warming to 1.5 °C or 2 °C, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021|pp=4–5}}; {{cite news |author=UNFCCC Press Office |date=26 February 2021 |title=Greater Climate Ambition Urged as Initial NDC Synthesis Report Is Published |url=https://unfccc.int/news/greater-climate-ambition-urged-as-initial-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
== Awujọ àti àṣà ==
=== Ìtìkà àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:20200327 Climate change deniers cherry picking time periods.gif|thumb|A ti yan data kúrò nínú àwọn àkókò kúkúrú láti fi ṣàṣìṣe sọ pé ìgbóná àgbáyé kò ń pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn laini àtẹ̀jáde buluu (blue trendlines) ń fi hàn àwọn àkókò kúkúrú tí ó bo ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná tí ó pẹ́ jù (red trendlines). Àpótí buluu pẹ̀lú àwọn kíkà buluu ń ṣàfihàn ohun tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus.{{sfn|Stover|2014}}]]
Ìjíròrò gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ní ipa gidi látàrí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́, èyí tí ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní United States, tí ó sì ti tan sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì, pàápàá jù lọ Canada àti Australia. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, àwọn ìlúmọ̀ọ́kànlẹ̀ olóṣèlú alátakò (conservative think tanks), àti àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì alátakò.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|pp=144, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&pg=PA155 155]}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ilé-iṣẹ́ taba ṣe tẹ̀lé ṣáájú, ìlànà pàtàkì àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí ni láti dá ìyemeji sílẹ̀ lórí data sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn abajade ìwádìí tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.[419]<ref>{{harvnb|Oreskes|Conway|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí ń ní ìyemeji tí kò ní ìdí tó dájú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a máa ń pè ní “skeptics” ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bí “contrarians” tàbí “deniers” ni ó yẹ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Neill|Boykoff|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref>
Oríṣìíríṣìí ìrísí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ wà: díẹ̀ ń sẹ́ pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá, díẹ̀ ń gba pé ìgbóná ń pọ̀ sí i ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ń sọ pé àwọn ipa àdánidá ló ń fa a, àwọn míì sì ń dín ipa búburú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name="Björnberg 2017">{{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Ṣíṣe ìyemeji lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì yípadà sí ìdààmú tí a dá mọ́ọ̀mọ́: ìdààmú tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti jẹ́ kí ènìyàn rò pé ìyemeji púpọ̀ wà nínú àwùjọ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, kí ó lè fa ìdádúró nínú ìyípadà ìlànà ìjọba.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2015|p=308}}.</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà tí a fi ń gbé àwọn èrò wọ̀nyí kalẹ̀ ni ìbáwí àti ìkọ̀lù sí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì,<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|p=146}}.</ref> àti bí a ṣe ń béèrè ìdí àti ìlòkàn àwọn onímọ̀ kọọkan.<ref name="Björnberg 2017"/> Àwọn àgbègbè ìsọfúnni (echo chamber) nínú àwọn blog àti média tí ń sẹ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti tún ń mú àìgbọ́ye pọ̀ sí i nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Harvey|Van den Berg|Ellers|Kampen|2018}}</ref>
=== Ìmọ̀ àti ojú-ìwòye gbogbo ènìyàn ===
[[File:20220629 Public estimates of scientific consensus on climate change - horizontal bar chart.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| TÀwọn ènìyàn gbangba (public) ń kéré sí ìmòye gidi nípa ìpò ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (data 2022).<ref name=KingsCollegeReport_20220629>{{cite web |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |website=PERITIA Trust EU – The Policy Institute of King's College London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |page=4 |date=June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìwádìí láàárín 2019 sí 2021<ref name="Powell2019">{{cite journal |last1=Powell |first1=James |date=20 November 2019 |title=Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming |journal=[[Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society]] |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=183–184 |doi=10.1177/0270467619886266 }}</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2=Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode=2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free }}</ref> fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì wà ní àárín 98.7 sí 100%.]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àfiyèsí gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ayé ní ìparí ọdún 1980s.<ref name="Weart">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}}</ref> Nítorí ìròyìn média ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1990s, àwọn ènìyàn sábà máa ń dà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọ̀ràn àyíká mìíràn bíi ìparun ozone (ozone depletion).<ref name="Newell2006">{{harvnb|Newell|2006|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}}</ref> Nínú àṣà gbajúgbajà (popular culture), fíìmù ìtàn ìmọ̀-jinlẹ̀ The Day After Tomorrow (2004) àti àkọsílẹ̀ Al Gore An Inconvenient Truth (2006) ló dojú kọ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ́lé pàtàkì.<ref name="Weart" />
lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kan, àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọdọ, ni ó ṣeé ṣe jù lọ láti ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìbànújẹ tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ biology fún kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì ní ọdún 2010s ní àkóónú kéré síi lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ju ti ọdún ṣáájú lọ, pẹ̀lú ìtẹnumọ́ kéré síi lórí àwọn ojútùú.<ref>https://undark.org/2023/01/10/in-some-textbooks-climate-change-content-is-few-and-far-between/</ref> Àwọn ìyàtọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ olóṣèlú (partisan gaps) tún wà ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}.</ref> àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga jù lọ sábà máa ń ní ìbànújẹ kéré síi.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwòye lórí àwọn ìdí tí ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yàtọ̀ gan-an láàárín àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=7}}.</ref> Ìròyìn média tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìdáríjì (protests) ti ní ipa lórí ìmọ̀ àti ìmọ̀lára gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú àwọn apá tí a ń tẹnumọ́ nínú ìjíròrò ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulliver |first=Robyn |date=3 November 2021 |title=A Comparative Analysis of Australian Media Coverage of the 2019 Climate Protests |url=https://commonslibrary.org/a-comparative-analysis-of-australian-media-coverage-of-the-2019-climate-protests/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ìpele ìbànújẹ tó ga jọmọ́ ìtìlẹ́yìn gbogbo ènìyàn tó lágbára sí ìlànà tó ń koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Leiserowitz|2013|p=943}}.</ref> Ìbànújẹ ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2024|pp=22–26}}</ref> àti ní ọdún 2021 ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aráàlú ní orílẹ̀-èdè 30 fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìbànújẹ gíga tàbí wọ́n ka a sí ìpò pàjáwìrì àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=9}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2021|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwádìí 2024 ní orílẹ̀-èdè 125 fi hàn pé 89% àwọn ènìyàn ayé fẹ́ kí ìgbésẹ̀ ìṣèlú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára síi, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n sábà máa ń kéré sí ìtóye ìmúra àwọn míì láti ṣe ìgbésẹ̀.<ref name=Damian>{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |title='Spiral of silence': climate action is very popular, so why don't people realise it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/22/spiral-of-silence-climate-action-very-popular-why-dont-people-realise |access-date=22 April 2025 |agency=The Guardian |date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=Peter>{{cite journal |last1=Andre |first1=Peter |last2=Boneva |first2=Teodora |last3=Chopra |first3=Felix |last4=Falk |first4=Armin |title=Globally representative evidence on the actual and perceived support for climate action |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=9 February 2024 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=253–259 |doi=10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3 |bibcode=2024NatCC..14..253A }}</ref>
=== Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìjàkadì Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn ìdáríjì ojú-ọjọ́ ń béèrè pé kí àwọn aṣáájú olóṣèlú gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Wọ́n lè wáyé ní irú àwọn àfihàn gbangba, yíyọ ìdókòwò kúrò nínú epo fosaili, ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́, àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn.<ref>{{harvnb|Gunningham|2018}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hartley |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2023 |title=Climate Activism: Start Here |url=https://commonslibrary.org/climate-activism-start-here/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àfihàn tó gbajúmọ̀ ni School Strike for Climate. Nínú ìgbésẹ̀ yìí, àwọn ọdọ káàkiri ayé ti ń ṣe ìdáríjì láti ọdún 2018 nípa kíkúrò nílé-ẹ̀kọ́ ní gbogbo ọjọ́ Ẹtì, ní ìmísí láti ọwọ́ alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ ará Sweden, Greta Thunberg, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọdọ ní àkókò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 19 March|2019}}; {{harvnb|Boulianne|Lalancette|Ilkiw|2020}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ bíi Extinction Rebellion ti tún ṣe àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àìgbọràn sí òfin láìfi agbára mú (civil disobedience) ní ìwọ̀n ńlá, nípa dídènà àwọn ọ̀nà àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú-ọ̀nà gbogbogbò láti fi ṣe ìdáríjì.<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsche Welle, 22 June|2019}}.</ref>
Lílo ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́ ti ń pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti mú ìgbésẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára sí i láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ aládani. Àwọn alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ tún ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ẹjọ́ tí wọ́n ń dojú kọ àwọn ìjọba, tí wọ́n sì ń béèrè pé kí wọ́n gbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tó lágbára lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí kí wọ́n mú àwọn òfin ojú-ọjọ́ tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ ṣiṣẹ́.<ref>{{cite news |last=Connolly |first=Kate |date=29 April 2021 |title='Historic' German ruling says climate goals not tough enough |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/29/historic-german-ruling-says-climate-goals-not-tough-enough |access-date=1 May 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Àwọn ẹjọ́ tí a ń fi kàn àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili sábà máa ń wá ìsanwó ìtanràn fún ìpàdánù àti ìbàjẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Setzer|Byrnes|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ 23 Oṣù Keje ọdún 2025, Ilé Ẹjọ́ Àgbáyé ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (International Court of Justice) tú ìmọ̀ràn òfin rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti sọ ní kedere pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àti pé tí wọ́n bá kùnà láti ṣe ojúṣe náà, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì lè fi ẹjọ́ kàn wọ́n. Ojúṣe yìí pẹ̀lú mímú àwọn ìlérí tí wọ́n ṣe nínú àwọn àdéhùn àgbáyé tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ, bíi Adehun Ojú-ọjọ́ Paris ti ọdún 2015.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Summary: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-sum-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Press Release: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref>
== Ìtàn ==
=== Àwọn Ìṣàwárí Àkọ́kọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:18560823 Eunice Newton Foote - greenhouse effect.png|thumb|Eunice Newton Foote ṣàfihàn ipa tí carbon dioxide ní láti di ooru mú ní ọdún 1856, ó sì rí ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ fún ayé níwájú.<ref name=Foote1856>{{cite journal|last=Foote |first=Eunice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382 |title=Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays |date=November 1856 |journal=The American Journal of Science and Arts |volume=22 |pages=382–383 |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234235/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382%2F |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> (Ní àkókò náà, a máa ń pe carbon dioxide ní “carbonic acid gas”.)]]
Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún bíi Alexander von Humboldt bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rí ipa tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè ní níwájú.<ref name="Nord 2020 p. 51">{{cite book |last=Nord |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmMGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |title=Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-52324-4 |series=Springer Polar Sciences |page=51 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Mukherjee Scanlon Aureli Langan 2020 p. 331">{{cite book |last1=Van Der Gun |first1=Jac |title=Global Groundwater |chapter=Groundwater resources sustainability |date=2021 |pages=331–345 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-818172-0.00024-4 |isbn=978-0-12-818172-0 }}</ref><ref name="von Humboldt Wulf 2018 p. 10">{{cite book | last1=von Humboldt | first1=A. | last2=Wulf | first2=A. | title=Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt: Edited and Introduced by Andrea Wulf | publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group | series=Everyman's Library Classics Series | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-101-90807-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xal2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PR10 | access-date=11 March 2023 | page=10}}</ref><ref name="Erdkamp Manning Verboven 2021 p. 6">{{cite book |last1=Erdkamp |first1=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbdMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR6 |title=Climate Change and Ancient Societies in Europe and the Near East: Diversity in Collapse and Resilience |last2=Manning |first2=Joseph G. |author-link2=Joseph Manning (historian) |last3=Verboven |first3=Koenraad |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-81103-7 |series=Palgrave Studies in Ancient Economies |page=6 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1820s, Joseph Fourier dámọ̀ràn ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) láti ṣàlàyé ìdí tí ìwọ̀n ooru Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi ga ju ohun tí agbára Oòrùn nìkan lè ṣàlàyé lọ. Afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn lè kọjá, nítorí náà ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn dé ojú ilẹ̀, níbi tí a ti ń yí i padà sí ooru. Ṣùgbọ́n afẹ́fẹ́ kò jẹ́ kí gbogbo ooru tí ojú ilẹ̀ ń tú jáde lè kọjá; ó di díẹ̀ nínú ooru náà mú, èyí sì ń mú kí Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA10 10–14]}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi (water vapour) ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tí ó pè ní “Circumstances Affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays”, ó parí rẹ̀ pé: “Afẹ́fẹ́ tí gáàsì yìí bá pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ yóò fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé wa ní ìwọ̀n ooru gíga.”<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Huddleston|2019}}</ref>
[[File:19120814 Coal Consumption Affecting Climate - Rodney and Otamatea Times.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Àpilẹ̀kọ ọdún 1912 yìí ṣàlàyé ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) ní ṣókí, ó sì ṣàfihàn bí sísun èédú ṣe ń dá carbon dioxide sílẹ̀, èyí tí ń fa ìgbóná ayé àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Otamatea Times">{{cite news |date=14 August 1912 |title=Coal Consumption Affecting Climate |page=7 |work=Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette |location=Warkworth, New Zealand |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ROTWKG19120814.2.56.5}} Text was earlier [[:File:191203 Furnaces of the world - Popular Mechanics - Global warming.jpg|published in ''Popular Mechanics'']], March 1912, p. 341.</ref>]]
Láti ọdún 1859,<ref>{{harvnb|Tyndall|1861}}.</ref> John Tyndall fi hàn pé nitrogen àti oxygen—tí wọ́n jọ jẹ́ 99% afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ—kò di ooru tí a ń tú jáde mú. Ṣùgbọ́n ìrì omi (water vapour) àti àwọn gáàsì bíi methane àti carbon dioxide máa ń gba ooru tí a ń tú jáde, wọ́n sì tún máa ń tú ooru náà padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Tyndall dámọ̀ràn pé àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí lè ti fa àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice ages).<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA39 39–42]}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article3.html Tyndall]}}</ref>
Svante Arrhenius ṣàkíyèsí pé iye ìrì omi (water vapour) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń yí padà léraléra, ṣùgbọ́n iye carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ìlànà ilẹ̀-ayé (geological processes) tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ fún àkókò pípẹ́ ń ṣàkóso. Ìgbóná tí ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ bá fa yóò mú kí iye ìrì omi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí yóò sì tún mú ìgbóná náà lágbára sí i nínú ìlànà ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback loop). Ní ọdún 1896, ó tẹ àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) àkọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti ṣe àfihàn pé bí iye CO₂ bá dín kù sí ìdajì, ó lè fa ìdínkù nínú ìwọ̀n ooru tó lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice age). Arrhenius ṣe ìṣírò pé bí iye CO₂ bá di ìlọ́po méjì, ìwọ̀n ooru ayé lè pọ̀ sí i ní ààrin 5 sí 6 °C.{{sfn|Lapenis|1998}} Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì mìíràn ní iyèméjì nípa èrò yìí, wọ́n sì gbà pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì ti dé àyè tí kò lè pọ̀ sí i mọ́ (saturated), nítorí náà fífi CO₂ kún un kò ní ṣe ìyàtọ̀ kankan, àti pé ojú-ọjọ́ yóò máa ṣètò ara rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect">{{harvnb|Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article4.html Arrhenius]}}</ref> Láti ọdún 1938, Guy Stewart Callendar bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tẹ ẹ̀rí jáde pé ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbóná sí i àti pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref>{{harvnb|Callendar|1938}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2007}}.</ref> ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìṣírò rẹ̀ dojú kọ àwọn àríyànjiyàn kan náà tí a ti gbé kalẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" />
=== Ìdàgbàsókè ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì ===
[[Fáìlì:20211103 Academic studies of scientific consensus - global warming, climate change - vertical bar chart - cs.svg|thumb|Ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìdí (causation): Àwọn ìwádìí ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìṣọ̀kan ìmọ̀ nípa ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa láàárín àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ (2010–2015) fi hàn pé ìpele ìṣọ̀kan náà ń bá ìpele ìmọ̀ amọ̀ja lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=John |last2=Oreskes |first2= Naomi |last3=Doran |first3=Peter T. |author4-link=William Anderegg |last4=Anderegg |first4=William R. L. |last5=Verheggen |first5=Bart |display-authors=4 |year=2016 |title=Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=11 |issue=4 |article-number=048002 |bibcode= 2016ERL....11d8002C |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002 |doi-access=free|hdl=1983/34949783-dac1-4ce7-ad95-5dc0798930a6 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Ìwádìí 2019 fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì jẹ́ 100%,<ref name="Powell2019" /> àti ìwádìí 2021 fi hàn pé ó ju 99% lọ.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìwádìí mìíràn ní ọdún 2021 tún fi hàn pé 98.7% àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ sọ pé Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbóná jù lọ nítorí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn.<ref name="Myers2021">{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2= Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal= [[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode= 2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 1950s, Gilbert Plass dá àwòṣe kọ̀ǹpútà (computer model) tó jinlẹ̀ sílẹ̀, tí ó fi àwọn ìpele afẹ́fẹ́ tó yàtọ̀ síra àti spekítirọ́mù infurarẹ́dì (infrared spectrum) sínú ìṣírò. Àwòṣe yìí sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ yóò fa ìgbóná ayé. Ní àkókò kan náà, Hans Suess rí ẹ̀rí pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i, Roger Revelle sì fi hàn pé òkun kì yóò lè gba gbogbo ìpọ̀sí CO₂ náà. Lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn onímọ̀ yìí ran Charles Keeling lọ́wọ́ láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọsílẹ̀ ìdàgbàsókè CO₂ tó ń lọ síwájú—“Keeling Curve”<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" />—tí ó jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìwádìí tó tẹ̀síwájú ní àwọn ọdún 1960 lórí ìdí ènìyàn nínú ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)"}}</ref> Ìwádìí bíi Charney Report (1979) ti National Research Council tún jẹ́rìí pé àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ jẹ́ péye, wọ́n sì lè sọ ìgbóná tó lágbára tó ń bọ̀ lọ́jọ́ iwájú.<ref name=Charney1979>{{Cite book |last1=Charney |first1=Jule |url=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/12181/chapter/1 |title=Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment |last2=Arakawa |first2=Akio |last3=Baker |first3=D. James |last4=Bolin |first4=Bert |last5=Dickinson |first5=Robert E |last6=Goody |first6=Richard M |last7=Leith |first7=Cecil |last8=Stommel |first8=Henry |last9=Wunsch |first9=Carl |date=1979 |publisher=[[National Academies Press]] |doi=10.17226/12181 |isbn=978-0-309-11910-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424115644/https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/12181/chapter/1 |archive-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1988, James Hansen fi ẹ̀rí hàn níwájú ìgbìmọ̀ US Senate pé ènìyàn ló ń fa ìgbóná ayé, ó sì tún kilọ̀ nípa ewu ìgbóná tí kò bá sí ìmúlò ìdènà.<ref name=nyt19880624>{{cite news |page=1 | title= Global Warming Has Begun, Expert Tells Senate| first1= Philip|last1=Shabecoff | url= https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html| newspaper= [[New York Times]] |date= 24 June 1988 | access-date= 1 August 2012 | quote = ...Dr. James E. Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration told a Congressional committee that it was 99 percent certain that the warming trend was not a natural variation but was caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide and other artificial gases in the atmosphere.}}</ref><ref name="history.aip.org2"/> Lẹ́yìn náà, IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) ni a dá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1988 láti fún àwọn ìjọba àgbáyé ní ìmọ̀ ìtẹ́wọ́gbà òfin. Ìgbìmọ̀ yìí tún mú kí ìwádìí láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀ka sáyẹ́ǹsì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Weart|2013|p=3567}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá IPCC reports, àwọn onímọ̀ ń ṣàyẹ̀wò ìjíròrò sáyẹ́ǹsì tó wà nínú àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ ìròyìn sáyẹ́ǹsì tí a ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ṣáájú ìtẹ̀jáde (peer-reviewed journals).<ref>{{harvnb|Royal Society|2005}}.</ref>
Ìṣọ̀kan tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ti gbogbo onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ni pé ojú-ọjọ́ ayé ń gbóná sí i, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ló ń fa èyí.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Kò sí ẹgbẹ́ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì orílẹ̀-èdè tàbí àgbáyé kankan tó ní ipò gíga tí ó tako ìwòye yìí.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=2}}; {{harvnb|Oreskes|2007|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=PXJIqCkb7YIC&pg=PA68 68]}}; {{Harvnb|Gleick, 7 January|2017}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2019, ìṣọ̀kan nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwádìí tuntun ti dé ju 99% lọ.<ref name="Powell2019"/><ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ IPCC ti ọdún 2021 sọ pé kò sí àríyànjiyàn kankan (“unequivocal”) pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìṣọ̀kan náà tún ti dàgbà sí i pé a gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dáàbò bo àwọn ènìyàn kúrò nínú àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ilé ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sáyẹ́ǹsì orílẹ̀-èdè ti ké sí àwọn aṣáájú ayé pé kí wọ́n dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé kù.<ref>Joint statement of the {{harvtxt|G8+5 Academies|2009}}; {{harvnb|Gleick, 7 January|2017}}.</ref>
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:FrontLines-EGAT 2011 Environment Photo Contest Top Entry (5842818280).jpg|Gíngbin mangrove àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn fún ààbò ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè (habitat conservation) lè dín ìkún omi etíkun kù.
File:Seawallventnor.jpg|Àwọn ògiri ìdènà omi òkun (seawalls) fún ààbò lódì sí ìgbì omi alágbára (storm surge) tí ìgòkè omi òkun ti mú burú sí i.
File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof Edit1.jpg|Àwọn òrùlé aláwọ̀ ewé (green roofs) láti pèsè ìtútù sí i nínú àwọn ìlú.
File:2013.02-402-294a_Pearl_millet,breeding,selfing_ICRISAT,Patancheru(Hyderabad,Andhra_Pradesh),IN_wed20feb2013.jpg|Yíyan àti ìbísí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lè fara da ọ̀dá fún ìmújáde àwọn irugbin tó lè koju àìní omi.
</gallery>
|}
== Àwọn Ìlànà àti Òṣèlú ==
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó wà nínú ewu jù lọ láti ọwọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àwọn tí kò ní ipa púpọ̀ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Èyí sì ń gbé àwọn ìbéèrè nípa ìdájọ́ òdodo àti ìṣòdodo yẹ̀ wò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=Section 3|p=17}}</ref> Dídín ìgbóná ayé kù ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn púpọ̀ láti ṣàṣeyọrí Àwọn Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN Sustainable Development Goals), bíi pípaarẹ́ òṣì àti dídín àìdọ́gba kù. A ti jẹ́wọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ yìí nínú Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero Kẹtàlá (Sustainable Development Goal 13), èyí tí àfojúsùn rẹ̀ jẹ́ “gbígbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kíákíá láti koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀”.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=447}}; United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> Àwọn àfojúsùn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú oúnjẹ, omi mímu tó mọ́, àti ààbò àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ní àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=477}}
Ìṣèlú àgbáyé nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (geopolitics of climate change) jẹ́ ọ̀ràn tó díjú. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wo ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣòro “ẹni tí ń jèrè láì san owó” (free-rider problem), níbi tí gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè ti ń jèrè láti inú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn gbé, ṣùgbọ́n tí orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan lè rí ìpadánù ọrọ̀ ajé bí wọ́n bá yí padà sí ètò ọrọ̀ ajé tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré. Ní àwọn ìgbà kan, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tún ní àwọn àǹfààní tó kan agbègbè kan pàtó. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn àǹfààní tó wà nínú dídá lílo èédú dúró fún ìlera àwọn ènìyàn àti àyíká agbègbè máa ń ju iye owó tí a ná lórí rẹ̀ lọ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo agbègbè.<ref name="Rauner 2020">{{harvnb|Rauner|Bauer|Dirnaichner|Van Dingenen|2020}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú èyí, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń wọ epo àti àwọn epo fosaili mìíràn wọlé máa ń jèrè nípa ọrọ̀ ajé nígbà tí wọ́n bá yí padà sí agbára mímọ́. Ní ìhà kejì, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń ta àwọn epo fosaili jáde lè dojú kọ ìṣòro àwọn ohun-ìní tí kò ní olùra mọ́ (stranded assets), ìyẹn àwọn epo fosaili tí wọn kò lè tà mọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Mercure|Pollitt|Viñuales|Edwards|2018}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Àṣàyàn Ìlànà ===
Ọ̀pọ̀ oríṣìíríṣìí ìlànà, ìlànà ìṣàkóso, àti òfin ni a ń lò láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù. Ní ọdún 2019, ìṣètò ìye carbon (carbon pricing) bo nǹkan bí ìdá 20% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank, June|2019|p=12|loc=Box 1}}</ref> A lè fi owó sí carbon nípasẹ̀ owó-ori carbon (carbon taxes) àti ètò ìṣòwò ìtújáde (emissions trading systems).<ref>{{harvnb|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}}; {{harvnb|Hagmann|Ho|Loewenstein|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn ìrànwọ́ ìjọba fún epo fosaili dé $319 billion ní ọdún 2017, àti tó $5.2 trillion tí a bá kà àwọn ìnáwó àìrìrìn bíi ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ (air pollution) sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1866}}</ref> Dídá irú àwọn ìrànwọ́ wọ̀nyí dúró lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù ní ìdá 28% àti dín ìkú tó wá láti ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ kù ní ìdá 46%.<ref>{{harvnb|UN Human Development Report|2020|p=10}}</ref> Owó tí a bá fi pamọ́ nínú ìrànwọ́ epo fosaili lè jẹ́ kí a lò ó fún ìtìlẹ́yìn ìyípadà sí agbára mímọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|International Institute for Sustainable Development|2019|p=iv}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà míì tó taara láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n agbára ọkọ̀ (vehicle efficiency standards), ìlànà lílo epo mímọ́ (renewable fuel standards), àti ìlànà ìdènà ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá.<ref>{{harvnb|ICCT|2019|p=iv}}; {{harvnb|Natural Resources Defense Council, 29 September|2017}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè tún ń béèrè pé kí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ amáyédẹrùn iná mànàmáná (utilities) pọ̀ si ìpín agbára àtúnlò nínú ìmújáde iná.<ref>{{harvnb|National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April|2020}}; {{harvnb|European Parliament, February|2020}}</ref> A dá “Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets” sílẹ̀ ní COP30 (2025) pẹ̀lú ète láti dá ètò cap-and-trade àgbáyé sílẹ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìṣirò kan, ètò yìí lè mú kí ìdínkù ìtújáde pọ̀ sí i ní ìgbà méje ju àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ, kó tó $200 billion lọ́dọọdún fún agbára mímọ́ àti àwọn ètò àwùjọ, àti pé ó lè pa àlàfo tó wà láàárín ìtújáde tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ àti àwọn àfojúsùn Ìpinnu Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Building a Climate Coalition: Aligning Carbon Pricing, Trade, and Development |url=https://salatainstitute.harvard.edu/building-a-climate-coalition-gcpp-flagship-report/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |website=The Salata Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carbon Market Coalition Welcomes 18 Member Countries at COP30 |url=https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18-member-countries-at-cop30 |website=COP30 Brasil Amazonia Belem 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coppenborge |first1=Florentine |title=A coalition on compliance carbon markets to make climate clubs politically feasible |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=16 January 2026 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=232–233 |doi=10.1038/s41558-025-02541-5 |bibcode=2026NatCC..16..232K |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02541-5 |access-date=16 January 2026}}</ref>
=== Ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Ìlànà tí a ṣe lábẹ́ ojú ìwòye ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbìyànjú láti koju àwọn ọ̀ràn ẹ̀tọ́ ènìyàn àti àìdọ́gba àwùjọ. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùgbéyàwò ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe sọ, àwọn tí ó ní ojúṣe jùlọ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ó yẹ kí wọ́n san owó fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation), nígbà tí àwọn tí yóò jèrè owó yìí yẹ kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan jùlọ. Ọ̀nà kan láti ṣe é nínú ìṣe ni pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọlọ́rọ̀ san owó fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní láti ṣe ìmúra sílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 16 October|2021}}</ref>
Oxfam rí i pé ní ọdún 2023, ìdá 10% àwọn ènìyàn tó lágbára jù lọ ní ọrọ̀ ajé ló jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 50% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì àgbáyé, nígbà tí ìdá 50% tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 8% nìkan.<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Khalfan |first1=Ashfaq |last2=Nilsson Lewis |first2=Astrid |last3=Aguilar |first3=Carlos |last4=Persson |first4=Jaqueline |last5=Lawson |first5=Max |last6=Dabi |first6=Nafkote |last7=Jayoussi |first7=Safa |last8=Acharya |first8=Sunil |title=Climate Equality: A planet for the 99% |date=2023 |doi=10.21201/2023.000001 |hdl=10546/621551 }}</ref> Ọ̀nà míì láti wo ojúṣe ni nípa ìmújáde ìtújáde fúnra rẹ̀: gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlànà yìí, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili 21 tó ga jù lọ yóò jẹ́ gbèsè ìsanpada ìbàjẹ́ ojú-ọjọ́ tó tó $5.4 trillion láàárín ọdún 2025 sí 2050.<ref name=OneEarth_20230519>{{cite journal |last1=Grasso |first1=Marco |last2=Heede |first2=Richard |title=Time to pay the piper: Fossil fuel companies' reparations for climate damages |journal=One Earth |date=19 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=459–463 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.04.012 |bibcode=2023OEart...6..459G |bibcode-access=free |doi-access=free |hdl=10281/416137 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà tó dá lórí ìdájọ́ òdodo (just transition), àwọn ènìyàn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka epo fosaili yóò nílò àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn, àti pé àwọn àwùjọ wọn yóò nílò ìdókòwò àti ìtìlẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 4 Jan|2017}}.</ref>
=== Àwọn àdéhùn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ===
[[Fáìlì:Total CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Láti ọdún 2000, ìdàgbàsókè ìtújáde CO₂ ní Ṣáínà àti àwọn apá mìíràn ti ayé ti kọjá ti United States àti Yúróòpù.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019">{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}, Table 7.</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetByRegion_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 73: Global CO2 emissions by region |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Per Capita CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn, United States ń ṣe ìtújáde CO₂ ní ìyára tó ga jù lọ ju àwọn agbègbè pàtàkì mìíràn lọ.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019"/><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetPerCapita_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 74: Global CO2 emissions per capita |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Fere gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ayé ni wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Adehun Àgbáyé Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) ti ọdún 1994.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}}</ref> Àfojúsùn UNFCCC ni láti dènà ìfarapa tí ènìyàn lè fa sí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC|1992|loc=Article 2}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe sọ nínú àdéhùn náà, èyí ń béèrè kí a mú ìpele àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná dúró ní afẹ́fẹ́ ní àkókò kan tí yóò jẹ́ kí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lọ́nà àdánidá, kí ìmújáde oúnjẹ má bàjẹ́, àti kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé lè tẹ̀síwájú.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007|p=97}}.</ref> UNFCCC fúnra rẹ̀ kò fi ìdínkù ìtújáde lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè lórí taara, ṣùgbọ́n ó pèsè àgbékalẹ̀ fún àwọn àdéhùn mìíràn tí ń ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Ìtújáde àgbáyé ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìgbà tí UNFCCC ti bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name="EPA-2019">{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn àpérò ọdún rẹ̀ ni a máa ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààyè fún ìjíròrò àti ìdúnàádúrà ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences?"}}</ref>
Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol) ti ọdún 1997 gbooro sí i lórí UNFCCC, ó sì ní àwọn ìlérí tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà láti dín ìtújáde wọn kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Kyoto Protocol|1997}}; {{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref> Nígbà àwọn ìdúnàádúrà náà, G77 (tó ń ṣojú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà) tẹnu mọ́ ìlànà kan tó ń béèrè pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà “ṣáájú” nínú dídín ìtújáde wọn kù,<ref>{{harvnb|Dessai|2001|p=4}}; {{harvnb|Grubb|2003}}.</ref> nítorí pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí ló kópa jù lọ nínú ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Ìtújáde fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn (per-capita emissions) ṣì kéré ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà nígbà náà, àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí yóò nílò láti tú gáàsì sí i láti lè bá àwọn àìní ìdàgbàsókè wọn mu.<ref>{{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref>
Adehun Copenhagen (Copenhagen Accord) ti ọdún 2009 ni a ti ṣàpèjúwe ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí kò ṣàṣeyọrí púpọ̀ nítorí àwọn àfojúsùn rẹ̀ tó kéré, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní sì kọ̀ ọ́, pẹ̀lú G77.<ref>{{harvnb|Müller|2010}}; {{harvnb|The New York Times, 25 May|2015}}; {{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}; {{harvnb|EUobserver, 20 December|2009}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tó fọwọ́ sí i ní ète láti fi ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}.</ref> Adehun náà gbé àfojúsùn kalẹ̀ láti pèsè $100 billion lọ́dọọdún fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù àti fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ní ọdún 2020, ó sì dámọ̀ràn ìdásílẹ̀ Àpò Owó Ojú-ọjọ́ Aláwọ̀ Ewé (Green Climate Fund).<ref>{{cite conference |date=7–18 December 2009 |title=Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |location=Copenhagen |id=FCCC/CP/2009/L.7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018074452/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |archive-date=18 October 2010 |access-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2020, $83.3 billion péré ni a ti pèsè. Kì í ṣe títí di ọdún 2023 ni a retí pé àfojúsùn náà yóò ṣẹ.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bennett |first1=Paige |title=High-Income Nations Are on Track Now to Meet $100 Billion Climate Pledges, but They're Late |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/wealthy-countries-climate-change-reparations.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |agency=Ecowatch |date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2015, gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN) dúnàádúrà lórí Adehun Paris (Paris Agreement), èyí tí ó ní ète láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró jìnà sí 2.0 °C, tí ó sì tún ní àfojúsùn àfikún láti pa ìgbóná ayé mọ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ 1.5 °C.{{sfn|Paris Agreement|2015}} Adehun náà rọ́pò Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol). Kò dàbí Kyoto, a kò ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn ìdínkù ìtújáde tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin nínú Adehun Paris. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìlànà ìṣe tí ó jẹ́ dandan. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ máa ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn tuntun tí ó túbọ̀ lágbára, kí wọ́n sì tún ṣe àyẹ̀wò wọn lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní gbogbo ọdún márùn-ún.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 8 October|2018}}.</ref> Adehun Paris tún jẹ́rìí sí i pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà gbọ́dọ̀ gba ìtìlẹ́yìn owó.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=5}}.</ref> Títí di oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2025, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ 194 àti Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (European Union) ti darapọ̀ mọ́ tàbí fọwọ́ sí adehun náà.<ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Treaties, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection}}; {{harvnb|Salon, 25 September|2019}}.</ref>
Ìlànà Montreal (Montreal Protocol) ti ọdún 1987, tó jẹ́ àdéhùn àgbáyé láti dá ìmújáde àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ dúró, ti ní àwọn àǹfààní fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> Díẹ̀ lára àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́, bíi chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an. Nítorí náà, dídènà ìmújáde àti lílo wọn lè ti yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.0 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 31}}</ref> pẹ̀lú ìgbóná àfikún míì nípa dídènà ìbàjẹ́ ewéko láti ọwọ́ ìtanràn ultraviolet.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 35}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> A ti ṣírò pé àdéhùn náà ti munadoko jù Ìlànà Kyoto lọ nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Kyoto ni a ṣe ní pàtàkì fún ète yẹn.<ref>{{harvnb|Goyal|England|Sen Gupta|Jucker|2019}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}</ref> Àtúnṣe tuntun jù lọ sí Ìlànà Montreal, Ìtúnṣe Kigali (Kigali Amendment) ti ọdún 2016, fi ojúṣe lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè láti dín ìtújáde hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) kù. Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí àropò fún àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ tí a ti fòfin de, wọ́n sì tún jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 21 November|2017}}</ref> Tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bá tẹ̀lé àtúnṣe náà, a fojú díwọ̀n pé a lè yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.3 °C sí 0.5 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|p=15}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Daniel|Montzka|Vimont|Rigby|Krummel|Muhle|O'Doherty|Prinn,|Weiss|Young|2022}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ìdáhùn Orílẹ̀-èdè Kọ̀ọ̀kan ===
[[Fáìlì:Global annual CO2 emissions by world region since 1750.svg|thumb|Ìtújáde CO₂ lọ́dọọdún gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbègbè. Èyí ń díwọ̀n ìtújáde láti inú epo fosaili àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́. Àwọn ìyípadà nínú lílo ilẹ̀ kò sí nínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region |title=Annual {{CO2}} emissions by world region |website=ourworldindata.org |publisher=[[Our World in Data]] |format=chart|access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, ilé aṣòfin United Kingdom di ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè àkọ́kọ́ láti kéde ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ (climate emergency).<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC, 1 May|2019}}; {{Harvnb|Vice, 2 May|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè ìṣàkóso mìíràn sì tẹ̀lé àpẹẹrẹ náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Verge, 27 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún kan náà, Ilé Aṣòfin Yúróòpù (European Parliament) kéde “ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ àti àyíká” (climate and environmental emergency).<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 November|2019}}</ref> Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù (European Commission) gbé European Green Deal kalẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àfojúsùn láti jẹ́ kí Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (EU) di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Politico, 11 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 2021, Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù tú àkójọpọ̀ òfin “Fit for 55” jáde, èyí tí ó ní àwọn ìtọ́nisọ́nà fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́; gbogbo ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tuntun ní ọjà Yúróòpù gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ọkọ̀ tí kò ní ìtújáde gáàsì rárá (zero-emission vehicles) láti ọdún 2035.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541 |work=[[European Commission]] |date=14 July 2021}}</ref>
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ńlá ní Éṣíà ti ṣe irú àwọn ìlérí bẹ́ẹ̀: South Korea àti Japan ti ṣe ìlérí láti di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050, àti Ṣáínà ní ọdún 2060.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 October|2020}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé India ní àwọn ìdí tó lágbára láti gbé agbára àtúnlò lárugẹ, ó tún ní ètò láti mú lílo èédú (coal) pọ̀ sí i ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker}}</ref> Vietnam jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè díẹ̀ tí ó gbára lé èédú gan-an tí ó sì ń dàgbà ní kíákíá, tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìlérí láti fòpin sí lílo iná èédú tí kò ní ìgbésẹ̀ ìdínkù ìtújáde (unabated coal power) ní àwọn ọdún 2040 tàbí ní kíákíá lẹ́yìn náà bí ó bá ṣeé ṣe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Do |first1=Thang Nam |last2=Burke |first2=Paul J. |title=Phasing out coal power in a developing country context: Insights from Vietnam |journal=Energy Policy |year=2023 |volume=176 |issue=May 2023 113512 |article-number=113512 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113512 |bibcode=2023EnPol.17613512D |hdl=1885/286612 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
As of 2021, based on information from 48 national climate plans, which represent 40% of the parties to the Paris Agreement, estimated total greenhouse gas emissions will be 0.5% lower compared to 2010 levels, below the 45% or 25% reduction goals to limit global warming to 1.5 °C or 2 °C, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021|pp=4–5}}; {{cite news |author=UNFCCC Press Office |date=26 February 2021 |title=Greater Climate Ambition Urged as Initial NDC Synthesis Report Is Published |url=https://unfccc.int/news/greater-climate-ambition-urged-as-initial-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
== Awujọ àti àṣà ==
=== Ìtìkà àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:20200327 Climate change deniers cherry picking time periods.gif|thumb|A ti yan data kúrò nínú àwọn àkókò kúkúrú láti fi ṣàṣìṣe sọ pé ìgbóná àgbáyé kò ń pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn laini àtẹ̀jáde buluu (blue trendlines) ń fi hàn àwọn àkókò kúkúrú tí ó bo ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná tí ó pẹ́ jù (red trendlines). Àpótí buluu pẹ̀lú àwọn kíkà buluu ń ṣàfihàn ohun tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus.{{sfn|Stover|2014}}]]
Ìjíròrò gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ní ipa gidi látàrí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́, èyí tí ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní United States, tí ó sì ti tan sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì, pàápàá jù lọ Canada àti Australia. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, àwọn ìlúmọ̀ọ́kànlẹ̀ olóṣèlú alátakò (conservative think tanks), àti àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì alátakò.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|pp=144, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&pg=PA155 155]}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ilé-iṣẹ́ taba ṣe tẹ̀lé ṣáájú, ìlànà pàtàkì àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí ni láti dá ìyemeji sílẹ̀ lórí data sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn abajade ìwádìí tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.[419]<ref>{{harvnb|Oreskes|Conway|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí ń ní ìyemeji tí kò ní ìdí tó dájú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a máa ń pè ní “skeptics” ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bí “contrarians” tàbí “deniers” ni ó yẹ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Neill|Boykoff|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref>
Oríṣìíríṣìí ìrísí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ wà: díẹ̀ ń sẹ́ pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá, díẹ̀ ń gba pé ìgbóná ń pọ̀ sí i ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ń sọ pé àwọn ipa àdánidá ló ń fa a, àwọn míì sì ń dín ipa búburú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name="Björnberg 2017">{{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Ṣíṣe ìyemeji lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì yípadà sí ìdààmú tí a dá mọ́ọ̀mọ́: ìdààmú tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti jẹ́ kí ènìyàn rò pé ìyemeji púpọ̀ wà nínú àwùjọ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, kí ó lè fa ìdádúró nínú ìyípadà ìlànà ìjọba.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2015|p=308}}.</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà tí a fi ń gbé àwọn èrò wọ̀nyí kalẹ̀ ni ìbáwí àti ìkọ̀lù sí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì,<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|p=146}}.</ref> àti bí a ṣe ń béèrè ìdí àti ìlòkàn àwọn onímọ̀ kọọkan.<ref name="Björnberg 2017"/> Àwọn àgbègbè ìsọfúnni (echo chamber) nínú àwọn blog àti média tí ń sẹ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti tún ń mú àìgbọ́ye pọ̀ sí i nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Harvey|Van den Berg|Ellers|Kampen|2018}}</ref>
=== Ìmọ̀ àti ojú-ìwòye gbogbo ènìyàn ===
[[File:20220629 Public estimates of scientific consensus on climate change - horizontal bar chart.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| TÀwọn ènìyàn gbangba (public) ń kéré sí ìmòye gidi nípa ìpò ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (data 2022).<ref name=KingsCollegeReport_20220629>{{cite web |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |website=PERITIA Trust EU – The Policy Institute of King's College London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |page=4 |date=June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìwádìí láàárín 2019 sí 2021<ref name="Powell2019">{{cite journal |last1=Powell |first1=James |date=20 November 2019 |title=Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming |journal=[[Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society]] |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=183–184 |doi=10.1177/0270467619886266 }}</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2=Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode=2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free }}</ref> fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì wà ní àárín 98.7 sí 100%.]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àfiyèsí gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ayé ní ìparí ọdún 1980s.<ref name="Weart">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}}</ref> Nítorí ìròyìn média ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1990s, àwọn ènìyàn sábà máa ń dà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọ̀ràn àyíká mìíràn bíi ìparun ozone (ozone depletion).<ref name="Newell2006">{{harvnb|Newell|2006|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}}</ref> Nínú àṣà gbajúgbajà (popular culture), fíìmù ìtàn ìmọ̀-jinlẹ̀ The Day After Tomorrow (2004) àti àkọsílẹ̀ Al Gore An Inconvenient Truth (2006) ló dojú kọ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ́lé pàtàkì.<ref name="Weart" />
lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kan, àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọdọ, ni ó ṣeé ṣe jù lọ láti ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìbànújẹ tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ biology fún kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì ní ọdún 2010s ní àkóónú kéré síi lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ju ti ọdún ṣáájú lọ, pẹ̀lú ìtẹnumọ́ kéré síi lórí àwọn ojútùú.<ref>https://undark.org/2023/01/10/in-some-textbooks-climate-change-content-is-few-and-far-between/</ref> Àwọn ìyàtọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ olóṣèlú (partisan gaps) tún wà ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}.</ref> àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga jù lọ sábà máa ń ní ìbànújẹ kéré síi.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwòye lórí àwọn ìdí tí ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yàtọ̀ gan-an láàárín àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=7}}.</ref> Ìròyìn média tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìdáríjì (protests) ti ní ipa lórí ìmọ̀ àti ìmọ̀lára gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú àwọn apá tí a ń tẹnumọ́ nínú ìjíròrò ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulliver |first=Robyn |date=3 November 2021 |title=A Comparative Analysis of Australian Media Coverage of the 2019 Climate Protests |url=https://commonslibrary.org/a-comparative-analysis-of-australian-media-coverage-of-the-2019-climate-protests/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ìpele ìbànújẹ tó ga jọmọ́ ìtìlẹ́yìn gbogbo ènìyàn tó lágbára sí ìlànà tó ń koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Leiserowitz|2013|p=943}}.</ref> Ìbànújẹ ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2024|pp=22–26}}</ref> àti ní ọdún 2021 ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aráàlú ní orílẹ̀-èdè 30 fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìbànújẹ gíga tàbí wọ́n ka a sí ìpò pàjáwìrì àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=9}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2021|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwádìí 2024 ní orílẹ̀-èdè 125 fi hàn pé 89% àwọn ènìyàn ayé fẹ́ kí ìgbésẹ̀ ìṣèlú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára síi, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n sábà máa ń kéré sí ìtóye ìmúra àwọn míì láti ṣe ìgbésẹ̀.<ref name=Damian>{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |title='Spiral of silence': climate action is very popular, so why don't people realise it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/22/spiral-of-silence-climate-action-very-popular-why-dont-people-realise |access-date=22 April 2025 |agency=The Guardian |date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=Peter>{{cite journal |last1=Andre |first1=Peter |last2=Boneva |first2=Teodora |last3=Chopra |first3=Felix |last4=Falk |first4=Armin |title=Globally representative evidence on the actual and perceived support for climate action |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=9 February 2024 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=253–259 |doi=10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3 |bibcode=2024NatCC..14..253A }}</ref>
=== Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìjàkadì Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn ìdáríjì ojú-ọjọ́ ń béèrè pé kí àwọn aṣáájú olóṣèlú gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Wọ́n lè wáyé ní irú àwọn àfihàn gbangba, yíyọ ìdókòwò kúrò nínú epo fosaili, ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́, àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn.<ref>{{harvnb|Gunningham|2018}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hartley |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2023 |title=Climate Activism: Start Here |url=https://commonslibrary.org/climate-activism-start-here/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àfihàn tó gbajúmọ̀ ni School Strike for Climate. Nínú ìgbésẹ̀ yìí, àwọn ọdọ káàkiri ayé ti ń ṣe ìdáríjì láti ọdún 2018 nípa kíkúrò nílé-ẹ̀kọ́ ní gbogbo ọjọ́ Ẹtì, ní ìmísí láti ọwọ́ alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ ará Sweden, Greta Thunberg, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọdọ ní àkókò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 19 March|2019}}; {{harvnb|Boulianne|Lalancette|Ilkiw|2020}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ bíi Extinction Rebellion ti tún ṣe àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àìgbọràn sí òfin láìfi agbára mú (civil disobedience) ní ìwọ̀n ńlá, nípa dídènà àwọn ọ̀nà àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú-ọ̀nà gbogbogbò láti fi ṣe ìdáríjì.<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsche Welle, 22 June|2019}}.</ref>
Lílo ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́ ti ń pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti mú ìgbésẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára sí i láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ aládani. Àwọn alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ tún ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ẹjọ́ tí wọ́n ń dojú kọ àwọn ìjọba, tí wọ́n sì ń béèrè pé kí wọ́n gbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tó lágbára lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí kí wọ́n mú àwọn òfin ojú-ọjọ́ tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ ṣiṣẹ́.<ref>{{cite news |last=Connolly |first=Kate |date=29 April 2021 |title='Historic' German ruling says climate goals not tough enough |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/29/historic-german-ruling-says-climate-goals-not-tough-enough |access-date=1 May 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Àwọn ẹjọ́ tí a ń fi kàn àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili sábà máa ń wá ìsanwó ìtanràn fún ìpàdánù àti ìbàjẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Setzer|Byrnes|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ 23 Oṣù Keje ọdún 2025, Ilé Ẹjọ́ Àgbáyé ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (International Court of Justice) tú ìmọ̀ràn òfin rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti sọ ní kedere pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àti pé tí wọ́n bá kùnà láti ṣe ojúṣe náà, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì lè fi ẹjọ́ kàn wọ́n. Ojúṣe yìí pẹ̀lú mímú àwọn ìlérí tí wọ́n ṣe nínú àwọn àdéhùn àgbáyé tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ, bíi Adehun Ojú-ọjọ́ Paris ti ọdún 2015.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Summary: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-sum-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Press Release: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref>
== Ìtàn ==
=== Àwọn Ìṣàwárí Àkọ́kọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:18560823 Eunice Newton Foote - greenhouse effect.png|thumb|Eunice Newton Foote ṣàfihàn ipa tí carbon dioxide ní láti di ooru mú ní ọdún 1856, ó sì rí ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ fún ayé níwájú.<ref name=Foote1856>{{cite journal|last=Foote |first=Eunice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382 |title=Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays |date=November 1856 |journal=The American Journal of Science and Arts |volume=22 |pages=382–383 |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234235/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382%2F |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> (Ní àkókò náà, a máa ń pe carbon dioxide ní “carbonic acid gas”.)]]
Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún bíi Alexander von Humboldt bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rí ipa tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè ní níwájú.<ref name="Nord 2020 p. 51">{{cite book |last=Nord |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmMGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |title=Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-52324-4 |series=Springer Polar Sciences |page=51 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Mukherjee Scanlon Aureli Langan 2020 p. 331">{{cite book |last1=Van Der Gun |first1=Jac |title=Global Groundwater |chapter=Groundwater resources sustainability |date=2021 |pages=331–345 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-818172-0.00024-4 |isbn=978-0-12-818172-0 }}</ref><ref name="von Humboldt Wulf 2018 p. 10">{{cite book | last1=von Humboldt | first1=A. | last2=Wulf | first2=A. | title=Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt: Edited and Introduced by Andrea Wulf | publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group | series=Everyman's Library Classics Series | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-101-90807-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xal2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PR10 | access-date=11 March 2023 | page=10}}</ref><ref name="Erdkamp Manning Verboven 2021 p. 6">{{cite book |last1=Erdkamp |first1=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbdMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR6 |title=Climate Change and Ancient Societies in Europe and the Near East: Diversity in Collapse and Resilience |last2=Manning |first2=Joseph G. |author-link2=Joseph Manning (historian) |last3=Verboven |first3=Koenraad |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-81103-7 |series=Palgrave Studies in Ancient Economies |page=6 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1820s, Joseph Fourier dámọ̀ràn ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) láti ṣàlàyé ìdí tí ìwọ̀n ooru Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi ga ju ohun tí agbára Oòrùn nìkan lè ṣàlàyé lọ. Afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn lè kọjá, nítorí náà ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn dé ojú ilẹ̀, níbi tí a ti ń yí i padà sí ooru. Ṣùgbọ́n afẹ́fẹ́ kò jẹ́ kí gbogbo ooru tí ojú ilẹ̀ ń tú jáde lè kọjá; ó di díẹ̀ nínú ooru náà mú, èyí sì ń mú kí Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA10 10–14]}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi (water vapour) ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tí ó pè ní “Circumstances Affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays”, ó parí rẹ̀ pé: “Afẹ́fẹ́ tí gáàsì yìí bá pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ yóò fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé wa ní ìwọ̀n ooru gíga.”<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Huddleston|2019}}</ref>
[[File:19120814 Coal Consumption Affecting Climate - Rodney and Otamatea Times.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Àpilẹ̀kọ ọdún 1912 yìí ṣàlàyé ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) ní ṣókí, ó sì ṣàfihàn bí sísun èédú ṣe ń dá carbon dioxide sílẹ̀, èyí tí ń fa ìgbóná ayé àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Otamatea Times">{{cite news |date=14 August 1912 |title=Coal Consumption Affecting Climate |page=7 |work=Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette |location=Warkworth, New Zealand |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ROTWKG19120814.2.56.5}} Text was earlier [[:File:191203 Furnaces of the world - Popular Mechanics - Global warming.jpg|published in ''Popular Mechanics'']], March 1912, p. 341.</ref>]]
Láti ọdún 1859,<ref>{{harvnb|Tyndall|1861}}.</ref> John Tyndall fi hàn pé nitrogen àti oxygen—tí wọ́n jọ jẹ́ 99% afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ—kò di ooru tí a ń tú jáde mú. Ṣùgbọ́n ìrì omi (water vapour) àti àwọn gáàsì bíi methane àti carbon dioxide máa ń gba ooru tí a ń tú jáde, wọ́n sì tún máa ń tú ooru náà padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Tyndall dámọ̀ràn pé àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí lè ti fa àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice ages).<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA39 39–42]}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article3.html Tyndall]}}</ref>
Svante Arrhenius ṣàkíyèsí pé iye ìrì omi (water vapour) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń yí padà léraléra, ṣùgbọ́n iye carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ìlànà ilẹ̀-ayé (geological processes) tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ fún àkókò pípẹ́ ń ṣàkóso. Ìgbóná tí ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ bá fa yóò mú kí iye ìrì omi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí yóò sì tún mú ìgbóná náà lágbára sí i nínú ìlànà ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback loop). Ní ọdún 1896, ó tẹ àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) àkọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti ṣe àfihàn pé bí iye CO₂ bá dín kù sí ìdajì, ó lè fa ìdínkù nínú ìwọ̀n ooru tó lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice age). Arrhenius ṣe ìṣírò pé bí iye CO₂ bá di ìlọ́po méjì, ìwọ̀n ooru ayé lè pọ̀ sí i ní ààrin 5 sí 6 °C.{{sfn|Lapenis|1998}} Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì mìíràn ní iyèméjì nípa èrò yìí, wọ́n sì gbà pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì ti dé àyè tí kò lè pọ̀ sí i mọ́ (saturated), nítorí náà fífi CO₂ kún un kò ní ṣe ìyàtọ̀ kankan, àti pé ojú-ọjọ́ yóò máa ṣètò ara rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect">{{harvnb|Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article4.html Arrhenius]}}</ref> Láti ọdún 1938, Guy Stewart Callendar bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tẹ ẹ̀rí jáde pé ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbóná sí i àti pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref>{{harvnb|Callendar|1938}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2007}}.</ref> ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìṣírò rẹ̀ dojú kọ àwọn àríyànjiyàn kan náà tí a ti gbé kalẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" />
=== Ìdàgbàsókè ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì ===
[[Fáìlì:20211103 Academic studies of scientific consensus - global warming, climate change - vertical bar chart - cs.svg|thumb|Ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìdí (causation): Àwọn ìwádìí ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìṣọ̀kan ìmọ̀ nípa ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa láàárín àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ (2010–2015) fi hàn pé ìpele ìṣọ̀kan náà ń bá ìpele ìmọ̀ amọ̀ja lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=John |last2=Oreskes |first2= Naomi |last3=Doran |first3=Peter T. |author4-link=William Anderegg |last4=Anderegg |first4=William R. L. |last5=Verheggen |first5=Bart |display-authors=4 |year=2016 |title=Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=11 |issue=4 |article-number=048002 |bibcode= 2016ERL....11d8002C |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002 |doi-access=free|hdl=1983/34949783-dac1-4ce7-ad95-5dc0798930a6 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Ìwádìí 2019 fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì jẹ́ 100%,<ref name="Powell2019" /> àti ìwádìí 2021 fi hàn pé ó ju 99% lọ.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìwádìí mìíràn ní ọdún 2021 tún fi hàn pé 98.7% àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ sọ pé Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbóná jù lọ nítorí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn.<ref name="Myers2021">{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2= Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal= [[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode= 2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 1950s, Gilbert Plass dá àwòṣe kọ̀ǹpútà (computer model) tó jinlẹ̀ sílẹ̀, tí ó fi àwọn ìpele afẹ́fẹ́ tó yàtọ̀ síra àti spekítirọ́mù infurarẹ́dì (infrared spectrum) sínú ìṣírò. Àwòṣe yìí sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ yóò fa ìgbóná ayé. Ní àkókò kan náà, Hans Suess rí ẹ̀rí pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i, Roger Revelle sì fi hàn pé òkun kì yóò lè gba gbogbo ìpọ̀sí CO₂ náà. Lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn onímọ̀ yìí ran Charles Keeling lọ́wọ́ láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọsílẹ̀ ìdàgbàsókè CO₂ tó ń lọ síwájú—“Keeling Curve”<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" />—tí ó jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìwádìí tó tẹ̀síwájú ní àwọn ọdún 1960 lórí ìdí ènìyàn nínú ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)"}}</ref> Ìwádìí bíi Charney Report (1979) ti National Research Council tún jẹ́rìí pé àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ jẹ́ péye, wọ́n sì lè sọ ìgbóná tó lágbára tó ń bọ̀ lọ́jọ́ iwájú.<ref name=Charney1979>{{Cite book |last1=Charney |first1=Jule |url=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/12181/chapter/1 |title=Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment |last2=Arakawa |first2=Akio |last3=Baker |first3=D. James |last4=Bolin |first4=Bert |last5=Dickinson |first5=Robert E |last6=Goody |first6=Richard M |last7=Leith |first7=Cecil |last8=Stommel |first8=Henry |last9=Wunsch |first9=Carl |date=1979 |publisher=[[National Academies Press]] |doi=10.17226/12181 |isbn=978-0-309-11910-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424115644/https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/12181/chapter/1 |archive-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1988, James Hansen fi ẹ̀rí hàn níwájú ìgbìmọ̀ US Senate pé ènìyàn ló ń fa ìgbóná ayé, ó sì tún kilọ̀ nípa ewu ìgbóná tí kò bá sí ìmúlò ìdènà.<ref name=nyt19880624>{{cite news |page=1 | title= Global Warming Has Begun, Expert Tells Senate| first1= Philip|last1=Shabecoff | url= https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html| newspaper= [[New York Times]] |date= 24 June 1988 | access-date= 1 August 2012 | quote = ...Dr. James E. Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration told a Congressional committee that it was 99 percent certain that the warming trend was not a natural variation but was caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide and other artificial gases in the atmosphere.}}</ref><ref name="history.aip.org2"/> Lẹ́yìn náà, IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) ni a dá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1988 láti fún àwọn ìjọba àgbáyé ní ìmọ̀ ìtẹ́wọ́gbà òfin. Ìgbìmọ̀ yìí tún mú kí ìwádìí láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀ka sáyẹ́ǹsì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Weart|2013|p=3567}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá IPCC reports, àwọn onímọ̀ ń ṣàyẹ̀wò ìjíròrò sáyẹ́ǹsì tó wà nínú àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ ìròyìn sáyẹ́ǹsì tí a ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ṣáájú ìtẹ̀jáde (peer-reviewed journals).<ref>{{harvnb|Royal Society|2005}}.</ref>
Ìṣọ̀kan tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ti gbogbo onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ni pé ojú-ọjọ́ ayé ń gbóná sí i, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ló ń fa èyí.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Kò sí ẹgbẹ́ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì orílẹ̀-èdè tàbí àgbáyé kankan tó ní ipò gíga tí ó tako ìwòye yìí.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=2}}; {{harvnb|Oreskes|2007|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=PXJIqCkb7YIC&pg=PA68 68]}}; {{Harvnb|Gleick, 7 January|2017}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2019, ìṣọ̀kan nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwádìí tuntun ti dé ju 99% lọ.<ref name="Powell2019"/><ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ IPCC ti ọdún 2021 sọ pé kò sí àríyànjiyàn kankan (“unequivocal”) pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìṣọ̀kan náà tún ti dàgbà sí i pé a gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dáàbò bo àwọn ènìyàn kúrò nínú àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ilé ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sáyẹ́ǹsì orílẹ̀-èdè ti ké sí àwọn aṣáájú ayé pé kí wọ́n dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé kù.<ref>Joint statement of the {{harvtxt|G8+5 Academies|2009}}; {{harvnb|Gleick, 7 January|2017}}.</ref>
=== Àwọn Ìdàgbàsókè Tuntun ===
Ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ìtọ́kasí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (Extreme Event Attribution, EEA), tí a tún mọ̀ sí attribution science, ni a dá sílẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=AMS_20161201>{{cite web |last1=Herring |first1=Stephanie C. |last2=Hoell |first2=Andrew |last3=Hoerling |first3=Martin P. |last4=Kossin |first4=James P. |last5=Schreck III |first5=Carl J. |last6=Stott |first6=Peter A. |title=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society / Introduction to Explaining Extreme Events of 2015 from a Climate Perspective |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/97/12/bams-d-16-0313.1.xml?tab_body=pdf |publisher=American Meteorological Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628053021/https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/97/12/bams-d-16-0313.1.xml?tab_body=pdf |archive-date=28 June 2025 |date=1 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> EEA ń lo àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) láti mọ̀ àti láti ṣe ìṣírò ipa tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ènìyàn fa ń kó nínú ìgbà tí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an fi ń ṣẹlẹ̀, agbára wọn, bí wọ́n ṣe pẹ́ tó, àti àwọn ipa wọn nínú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ pàtó.<ref>{{cite book |title=Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change |date=2016 |publisher=The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) |location=Washington, D.C. |doi=10.17226/21852 |bibcode=2016nap..book21852N |isbn=978-0-309-38094-2 |url=https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21852/attribution-of-extreme-weather-events-in-the-context-of-climate-change }}</ref><ref name=ClimateCentral_20241118>{{cite web |last1=McSweeney |first1=Robert |last2=Tandon |first2=Ayesha |title=Mapped: How climate change affects extreme weather around the world |url=https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/attribution-studies/index.html |publisher=Climate Central |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610154758/https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/attribution-studies/index.html |archive-date=10 June 2025 |date=18 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn àbájáde ìwádìí ìtọ́kasí wọ̀nyí ń jẹ́ kí àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn akọ̀ròyìn lè sọ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi pé, “ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ yìí ní ó kéré tán ní ìlọ́po n láti ṣẹlẹ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ènìyàn fa”, tàbí “igbi ooru (heatwave) yìí gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ nínú ayé tí kò ní ìgbóná ayé ní ìwọ̀n m degrees”, tàbí “ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí kò ṣeé ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá láìsí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́”.<ref name=WWA_2021>{{cite web |last1=Clarke |first1=Ben |last2=Otto |first2=Friederike |title=Reporting extreme weather and climate change A guide for journalists |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/ENG_WWA-Reporting-extreme-weather-and-climate-change.pdf |publisher=World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601160944/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/ENG_WWA-Reporting-extreme-weather-and-climate-change.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2025 |date=2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Agbára kọ̀ǹpútà tó pọ̀ sí i ní ọdún 2000s àti àwọn ìlọsíwájú tuntun nínú ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àti àárín ọdún 2010s<ref name=ScientificAmerican_20170102>{{cite news |last1=Sneed |first1=Annie |title=Yes, Some Extreme Weather Can Be Blamed on Climate Change |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/yes-some-extreme-weather-can-be-blamed-on-climate-change/ |work=[[Scientific American]] |date=2 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103135143/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/yes-some-extreme-weather-can-be-blamed-on-climate-change/ |archive-date=3 January 2017 }}</ref> jẹ́ kí ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ìtọ́kasí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ (attribution science) lè mọ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan pẹ̀lú ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé gíga.<ref name=AMS_20161201/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ń lo àwọn ọ̀nà ìtọ́kasí (attribution methods) àti àwọn àfọwọ́ṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate simulations) tí a ti ṣàyẹ̀wò tí àwọn amòye sì ti fọwọ́ sí tẹ́lẹ̀ (peer reviewed), èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè tẹ àwọn “ìwádìí ìtọ́kasí kíákíá” (rapid attribution studies) jáde láàárín àkókò tí ìròyìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà ṣì wà lórí àkọlé ìròyìn (“news cycle”) lẹ́yìn tí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ náà bá ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref name=ScientificAmerican_20170102/>
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:FrontLines-EGAT 2011 Environment Photo Contest Top Entry (5842818280).jpg|Gíngbin mangrove àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn fún ààbò ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè (habitat conservation) lè dín ìkún omi etíkun kù.
File:Seawallventnor.jpg|Àwọn ògiri ìdènà omi òkun (seawalls) fún ààbò lódì sí ìgbì omi alágbára (storm surge) tí ìgòkè omi òkun ti mú burú sí i.
File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof Edit1.jpg|Àwọn òrùlé aláwọ̀ ewé (green roofs) láti pèsè ìtútù sí i nínú àwọn ìlú.
File:2013.02-402-294a_Pearl_millet,breeding,selfing_ICRISAT,Patancheru(Hyderabad,Andhra_Pradesh),IN_wed20feb2013.jpg|Yíyan àti ìbísí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lè fara da ọ̀dá fún ìmújáde àwọn irugbin tó lè koju àìní omi.
</gallery>
|}
== Àwọn Ìlànà àti Òṣèlú ==
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó wà nínú ewu jù lọ láti ọwọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àwọn tí kò ní ipa púpọ̀ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Èyí sì ń gbé àwọn ìbéèrè nípa ìdájọ́ òdodo àti ìṣòdodo yẹ̀ wò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=Section 3|p=17}}</ref> Dídín ìgbóná ayé kù ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn púpọ̀ láti ṣàṣeyọrí Àwọn Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN Sustainable Development Goals), bíi pípaarẹ́ òṣì àti dídín àìdọ́gba kù. A ti jẹ́wọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ yìí nínú Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero Kẹtàlá (Sustainable Development Goal 13), èyí tí àfojúsùn rẹ̀ jẹ́ “gbígbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kíákíá láti koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀”.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=447}}; United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> Àwọn àfojúsùn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú oúnjẹ, omi mímu tó mọ́, àti ààbò àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ní àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=477}}
Ìṣèlú àgbáyé nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (geopolitics of climate change) jẹ́ ọ̀ràn tó díjú. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wo ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣòro “ẹni tí ń jèrè láì san owó” (free-rider problem), níbi tí gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè ti ń jèrè láti inú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn gbé, ṣùgbọ́n tí orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan lè rí ìpadánù ọrọ̀ ajé bí wọ́n bá yí padà sí ètò ọrọ̀ ajé tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré. Ní àwọn ìgbà kan, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tún ní àwọn àǹfààní tó kan agbègbè kan pàtó. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn àǹfààní tó wà nínú dídá lílo èédú dúró fún ìlera àwọn ènìyàn àti àyíká agbègbè máa ń ju iye owó tí a ná lórí rẹ̀ lọ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo agbègbè.<ref name="Rauner 2020">{{harvnb|Rauner|Bauer|Dirnaichner|Van Dingenen|2020}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú èyí, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń wọ epo àti àwọn epo fosaili mìíràn wọlé máa ń jèrè nípa ọrọ̀ ajé nígbà tí wọ́n bá yí padà sí agbára mímọ́. Ní ìhà kejì, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń ta àwọn epo fosaili jáde lè dojú kọ ìṣòro àwọn ohun-ìní tí kò ní olùra mọ́ (stranded assets), ìyẹn àwọn epo fosaili tí wọn kò lè tà mọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Mercure|Pollitt|Viñuales|Edwards|2018}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Àṣàyàn Ìlànà ===
Ọ̀pọ̀ oríṣìíríṣìí ìlànà, ìlànà ìṣàkóso, àti òfin ni a ń lò láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù. Ní ọdún 2019, ìṣètò ìye carbon (carbon pricing) bo nǹkan bí ìdá 20% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank, June|2019|p=12|loc=Box 1}}</ref> A lè fi owó sí carbon nípasẹ̀ owó-ori carbon (carbon taxes) àti ètò ìṣòwò ìtújáde (emissions trading systems).<ref>{{harvnb|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}}; {{harvnb|Hagmann|Ho|Loewenstein|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn ìrànwọ́ ìjọba fún epo fosaili dé $319 billion ní ọdún 2017, àti tó $5.2 trillion tí a bá kà àwọn ìnáwó àìrìrìn bíi ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ (air pollution) sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1866}}</ref> Dídá irú àwọn ìrànwọ́ wọ̀nyí dúró lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù ní ìdá 28% àti dín ìkú tó wá láti ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ kù ní ìdá 46%.<ref>{{harvnb|UN Human Development Report|2020|p=10}}</ref> Owó tí a bá fi pamọ́ nínú ìrànwọ́ epo fosaili lè jẹ́ kí a lò ó fún ìtìlẹ́yìn ìyípadà sí agbára mímọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|International Institute for Sustainable Development|2019|p=iv}}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà míì tó taara láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n agbára ọkọ̀ (vehicle efficiency standards), ìlànà lílo epo mímọ́ (renewable fuel standards), àti ìlànà ìdènà ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá.<ref>{{harvnb|ICCT|2019|p=iv}}; {{harvnb|Natural Resources Defense Council, 29 September|2017}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè tún ń béèrè pé kí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ amáyédẹrùn iná mànàmáná (utilities) pọ̀ si ìpín agbára àtúnlò nínú ìmújáde iná.<ref>{{harvnb|National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April|2020}}; {{harvnb|European Parliament, February|2020}}</ref> A dá “Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets” sílẹ̀ ní COP30 (2025) pẹ̀lú ète láti dá ètò cap-and-trade àgbáyé sílẹ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìṣirò kan, ètò yìí lè mú kí ìdínkù ìtújáde pọ̀ sí i ní ìgbà méje ju àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ, kó tó $200 billion lọ́dọọdún fún agbára mímọ́ àti àwọn ètò àwùjọ, àti pé ó lè pa àlàfo tó wà láàárín ìtújáde tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ àti àwọn àfojúsùn Ìpinnu Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Building a Climate Coalition: Aligning Carbon Pricing, Trade, and Development |url=https://salatainstitute.harvard.edu/building-a-climate-coalition-gcpp-flagship-report/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |website=The Salata Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carbon Market Coalition Welcomes 18 Member Countries at COP30 |url=https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18-member-countries-at-cop30 |website=COP30 Brasil Amazonia Belem 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coppenborge |first1=Florentine |title=A coalition on compliance carbon markets to make climate clubs politically feasible |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=16 January 2026 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=232–233 |doi=10.1038/s41558-025-02541-5 |bibcode=2026NatCC..16..232K |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02541-5 |access-date=16 January 2026}}</ref>
=== Ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Ìlànà tí a ṣe lábẹ́ ojú ìwòye ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbìyànjú láti koju àwọn ọ̀ràn ẹ̀tọ́ ènìyàn àti àìdọ́gba àwùjọ. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùgbéyàwò ìdájọ́ òdodo ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe sọ, àwọn tí ó ní ojúṣe jùlọ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ó yẹ kí wọ́n san owó fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation), nígbà tí àwọn tí yóò jèrè owó yìí yẹ kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan jùlọ. Ọ̀nà kan láti ṣe é nínú ìṣe ni pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọlọ́rọ̀ san owó fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní láti ṣe ìmúra sílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 16 October|2021}}</ref>
Oxfam rí i pé ní ọdún 2023, ìdá 10% àwọn ènìyàn tó lágbára jù lọ ní ọrọ̀ ajé ló jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 50% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì àgbáyé, nígbà tí ìdá 50% tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ jẹ́ ojúṣe fún ìdá 8% nìkan.<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Khalfan |first1=Ashfaq |last2=Nilsson Lewis |first2=Astrid |last3=Aguilar |first3=Carlos |last4=Persson |first4=Jaqueline |last5=Lawson |first5=Max |last6=Dabi |first6=Nafkote |last7=Jayoussi |first7=Safa |last8=Acharya |first8=Sunil |title=Climate Equality: A planet for the 99% |date=2023 |doi=10.21201/2023.000001 |hdl=10546/621551 }}</ref> Ọ̀nà míì láti wo ojúṣe ni nípa ìmújáde ìtújáde fúnra rẹ̀: gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlànà yìí, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili 21 tó ga jù lọ yóò jẹ́ gbèsè ìsanpada ìbàjẹ́ ojú-ọjọ́ tó tó $5.4 trillion láàárín ọdún 2025 sí 2050.<ref name=OneEarth_20230519>{{cite journal |last1=Grasso |first1=Marco |last2=Heede |first2=Richard |title=Time to pay the piper: Fossil fuel companies' reparations for climate damages |journal=One Earth |date=19 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=459–463 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.04.012 |bibcode=2023OEart...6..459G |bibcode-access=free |doi-access=free |hdl=10281/416137 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà tó dá lórí ìdájọ́ òdodo (just transition), àwọn ènìyàn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka epo fosaili yóò nílò àwọn iṣẹ́ mìíràn, àti pé àwọn àwùjọ wọn yóò nílò ìdókòwò àti ìtìlẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 4 Jan|2017}}.</ref>
=== Àwọn àdéhùn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ===
[[Fáìlì:Total CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Láti ọdún 2000, ìdàgbàsókè ìtújáde CO₂ ní Ṣáínà àti àwọn apá mìíràn ti ayé ti kọjá ti United States àti Yúróòpù.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019">{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}, Table 7.</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetByRegion_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 73: Global CO2 emissions by region |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Per Capita CO2 by Region.svg|thumb|Fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn, United States ń ṣe ìtújáde CO₂ ní ìyára tó ga jù lọ ju àwọn agbègbè pàtàkì mìíràn lọ.<ref name="Friedlingstein 2019"/><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudgetPerCapita_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 74: Global CO2 emissions per capita |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Fere gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ayé ni wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Adehun Àgbáyé Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) ti ọdún 1994.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}}</ref> Àfojúsùn UNFCCC ni láti dènà ìfarapa tí ènìyàn lè fa sí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC|1992|loc=Article 2}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe sọ nínú àdéhùn náà, èyí ń béèrè kí a mú ìpele àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná dúró ní afẹ́fẹ́ ní àkókò kan tí yóò jẹ́ kí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lọ́nà àdánidá, kí ìmújáde oúnjẹ má bàjẹ́, àti kí ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé lè tẹ̀síwájú.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007|p=97}}.</ref> UNFCCC fúnra rẹ̀ kò fi ìdínkù ìtújáde lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè lórí taara, ṣùgbọ́n ó pèsè àgbékalẹ̀ fún àwọn àdéhùn mìíràn tí ń ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Ìtújáde àgbáyé ti pọ̀ sí i láti ìgbà tí UNFCCC ti bẹ̀rẹ̀.<ref name="EPA-2019">{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn àpérò ọdún rẹ̀ ni a máa ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààyè fún ìjíròrò àti ìdúnàádúrà ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC, "What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences?"}}</ref>
Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol) ti ọdún 1997 gbooro sí i lórí UNFCCC, ó sì ní àwọn ìlérí tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà láti dín ìtújáde wọn kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Kyoto Protocol|1997}}; {{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref> Nígbà àwọn ìdúnàádúrà náà, G77 (tó ń ṣojú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà) tẹnu mọ́ ìlànà kan tó ń béèrè pé kí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ti gòkè àgbà “ṣáájú” nínú dídín ìtújáde wọn kù,<ref>{{harvnb|Dessai|2001|p=4}}; {{harvnb|Grubb|2003}}.</ref> nítorí pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí ló kópa jù lọ nínú ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Ìtújáde fún olúkúlùkù ènìyàn (per-capita emissions) ṣì kéré ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà nígbà náà, àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí yóò nílò láti tú gáàsì sí i láti lè bá àwọn àìní ìdàgbàsókè wọn mu.<ref>{{harvnb|Liverman|2009|p=290}}.</ref>
Adehun Copenhagen (Copenhagen Accord) ti ọdún 2009 ni a ti ṣàpèjúwe ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí kò ṣàṣeyọrí púpọ̀ nítorí àwọn àfojúsùn rẹ̀ tó kéré, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aláìní sì kọ̀ ọ́, pẹ̀lú G77.<ref>{{harvnb|Müller|2010}}; {{harvnb|The New York Times, 25 May|2015}}; {{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}; {{harvnb|EUobserver, 20 December|2009}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tó fọwọ́ sí i ní ète láti fi ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}}.</ref> Adehun náà gbé àfojúsùn kalẹ̀ láti pèsè $100 billion lọ́dọọdún fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù àti fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ní ọdún 2020, ó sì dámọ̀ràn ìdásílẹ̀ Àpò Owó Ojú-ọjọ́ Aláwọ̀ Ewé (Green Climate Fund).<ref>{{cite conference |date=7–18 December 2009 |title=Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |location=Copenhagen |id=FCCC/CP/2009/L.7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018074452/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php |archive-date=18 October 2010 |access-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2020, $83.3 billion péré ni a ti pèsè. Kì í ṣe títí di ọdún 2023 ni a retí pé àfojúsùn náà yóò ṣẹ.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bennett |first1=Paige |title=High-Income Nations Are on Track Now to Meet $100 Billion Climate Pledges, but They're Late |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/wealthy-countries-climate-change-reparations.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |agency=Ecowatch |date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2015, gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN) dúnàádúrà lórí Adehun Paris (Paris Agreement), èyí tí ó ní ète láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró jìnà sí 2.0 °C, tí ó sì tún ní àfojúsùn àfikún láti pa ìgbóná ayé mọ́ ní ìsàlẹ̀ 1.5 °C.{{sfn|Paris Agreement|2015}} Adehun náà rọ́pò Ìlànà Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol). Kò dàbí Kyoto, a kò ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn ìdínkù ìtújáde tó jẹ́ dandan ní ti òfin nínú Adehun Paris. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n ṣe àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìlànà ìṣe tí ó jẹ́ dandan. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ máa ṣètò àwọn àfojúsùn tuntun tí ó túbọ̀ lágbára, kí wọ́n sì tún ṣe àyẹ̀wò wọn lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní gbogbo ọdún márùn-ún.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 8 October|2018}}.</ref> Adehun Paris tún jẹ́rìí sí i pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà gbọ́dọ̀ gba ìtìlẹ́yìn owó.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate Focus|2015|p=5}}.</ref> Títí di oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2025, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ 194 àti Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (European Union) ti darapọ̀ mọ́ tàbí fọwọ́ sí adehun náà.<ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Treaties, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=United Nations Treaty Collection}}; {{harvnb|Salon, 25 September|2019}}.</ref>
Ìlànà Montreal (Montreal Protocol) ti ọdún 1987, tó jẹ́ àdéhùn àgbáyé láti dá ìmújáde àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ dúró, ti ní àwọn àǹfààní fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> Díẹ̀ lára àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́, bíi chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an. Nítorí náà, dídènà ìmújáde àti lílo wọn lè ti yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.0 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 31}}</ref> pẹ̀lú ìgbóná àfikún míì nípa dídènà ìbàjẹ́ ewéko láti ọwọ́ ìtanràn ultraviolet.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|pp=20, 35}}; {{harvnb|Young|Harper|Huntingford|Paul|Morgenstern|Newman|Oman|Madronich|Garcia|2021}}</ref> A ti ṣírò pé àdéhùn náà ti munadoko jù Ìlànà Kyoto lọ nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Kyoto ni a ṣe ní pàtàkì fún ète yẹn.<ref>{{harvnb|Goyal|England|Sen Gupta|Jucker|2019}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Andersen|Daniel|Fahey|McFarland|2007}}</ref> Àtúnṣe tuntun jù lọ sí Ìlànà Montreal, Ìtúnṣe Kigali (Kigali Amendment) ti ọdún 2016, fi ojúṣe lé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè láti dín ìtújáde hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) kù. Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí àropò fún àwọn gáàsì tó ń ba ààbò ozone jẹ́ tí a ti fòfin de, wọ́n sì tún jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 21 November|2017}}</ref> Tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè bá tẹ̀lé àtúnṣe náà, a fojú díwọ̀n pé a lè yàgò fún ìdàgbàsókè ìgbóná ayé tó láàárín 0.3 °C sí 0.5 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022|p=15}}; {{harvnb|Velders|Daniel|Montzka|Vimont|Rigby|Krummel|Muhle|O'Doherty|Prinn,|Weiss|Young|2022}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ìdáhùn Orílẹ̀-èdè Kọ̀ọ̀kan ===
[[Fáìlì:Global annual CO2 emissions by world region since 1750.svg|thumb|Ìtújáde CO₂ lọ́dọọdún gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbègbè. Èyí ń díwọ̀n ìtújáde láti inú epo fosaili àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́. Àwọn ìyípadà nínú lílo ilẹ̀ kò sí nínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region |title=Annual {{CO2}} emissions by world region |website=ourworldindata.org |publisher=[[Our World in Data]] |format=chart|access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, ilé aṣòfin United Kingdom di ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè àkọ́kọ́ láti kéde ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ (climate emergency).<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC, 1 May|2019}}; {{Harvnb|Vice, 2 May|2019}}.</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè ìṣàkóso mìíràn sì tẹ̀lé àpẹẹrẹ náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Verge, 27 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún kan náà, Ilé Aṣòfin Yúróòpù (European Parliament) kéde “ipò pàjáwìrì ojú-ọjọ́ àti àyíká” (climate and environmental emergency).<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 November|2019}}</ref> Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù (European Commission) gbé European Green Deal kalẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àfojúsùn láti jẹ́ kí Ìṣọ̀kan Yúróòpù (EU) di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Politico, 11 December|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 2021, Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Yúróòpù tú àkójọpọ̀ òfin “Fit for 55” jáde, èyí tí ó ní àwọn ìtọ́nisọ́nà fún ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́; gbogbo ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tuntun ní ọjà Yúróòpù gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ ọkọ̀ tí kò ní ìtújáde gáàsì rárá (zero-emission vehicles) láti ọdún 2035.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541 |work=[[European Commission]] |date=14 July 2021}}</ref>
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ńlá ní Éṣíà ti ṣe irú àwọn ìlérí bẹ́ẹ̀: South Korea àti Japan ti ṣe ìlérí láti di aláìní ìtújáde carbon (carbon-neutral) ní ọdún 2050, àti Ṣáínà ní ọdún 2060.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 28 October|2020}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé India ní àwọn ìdí tó lágbára láti gbé agbára àtúnlò lárugẹ, ó tún ní ètò láti mú lílo èédú (coal) pọ̀ sí i ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker}}</ref> Vietnam jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè díẹ̀ tí ó gbára lé èédú gan-an tí ó sì ń dàgbà ní kíákíá, tí wọ́n ti ṣe ìlérí láti fòpin sí lílo iná èédú tí kò ní ìgbésẹ̀ ìdínkù ìtújáde (unabated coal power) ní àwọn ọdún 2040 tàbí ní kíákíá lẹ́yìn náà bí ó bá ṣeé ṣe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Do |first1=Thang Nam |last2=Burke |first2=Paul J. |title=Phasing out coal power in a developing country context: Insights from Vietnam |journal=Energy Policy |year=2023 |volume=176 |issue=May 2023 113512 |article-number=113512 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113512 |bibcode=2023EnPol.17613512D |hdl=1885/286612 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
As of 2021, based on information from 48 national climate plans, which represent 40% of the parties to the Paris Agreement, estimated total greenhouse gas emissions will be 0.5% lower compared to 2010 levels, below the 45% or 25% reduction goals to limit global warming to 1.5 °C or 2 °C, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021|pp=4–5}}; {{cite news |author=UNFCCC Press Office |date=26 February 2021 |title=Greater Climate Ambition Urged as Initial NDC Synthesis Report Is Published |url=https://unfccc.int/news/greater-climate-ambition-urged-as-initial-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
== Awujọ àti àṣà ==
=== Ìtìkà àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:20200327 Climate change deniers cherry picking time periods.gif|thumb|A ti yan data kúrò nínú àwọn àkókò kúkúrú láti fi ṣàṣìṣe sọ pé ìgbóná àgbáyé kò ń pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn laini àtẹ̀jáde buluu (blue trendlines) ń fi hàn àwọn àkókò kúkúrú tí ó bo ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná tí ó pẹ́ jù (red trendlines). Àpótí buluu pẹ̀lú àwọn kíkà buluu ń ṣàfihàn ohun tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus.{{sfn|Stover|2014}}]]
Ìjíròrò gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ní ipa gidi látàrí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti ìsọfúnni tí kò tọ́, èyí tí ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní United States, tí ó sì ti tan sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì, pàápàá jù lọ Canada àti Australia. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, àwọn ìlúmọ̀ọ́kànlẹ̀ olóṣèlú alátakò (conservative think tanks), àti àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì alátakò.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|pp=144, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&pg=PA155 155]}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ilé-iṣẹ́ taba ṣe tẹ̀lé ṣáájú, ìlànà pàtàkì àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí ni láti dá ìyemeji sílẹ̀ lórí data sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn abajade ìwádìí tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.[419]<ref>{{harvnb|Oreskes|Conway|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí ń ní ìyemeji tí kò ní ìdí tó dájú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a máa ń pè ní “skeptics” ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bí “contrarians” tàbí “deniers” ni ó yẹ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Neill|Boykoff|2010}}; {{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref>
Oríṣìíríṣìí ìrísí ìtìkà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ wà: díẹ̀ ń sẹ́ pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá, díẹ̀ ń gba pé ìgbóná ń pọ̀ sí i ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ń sọ pé àwọn ipa àdánidá ló ń fa a, àwọn míì sì ń dín ipa búburú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name="Björnberg 2017">{{harvnb|Björnberg|Karlsson|Gilek|Hansson|2017}}</ref> Ṣíṣe ìyemeji lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì yípadà sí ìdààmú tí a dá mọ́ọ̀mọ́: ìdààmú tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti jẹ́ kí ènìyàn rò pé ìyemeji púpọ̀ wà nínú àwùjọ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, kí ó lè fa ìdádúró nínú ìyípadà ìlànà ìjọba.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2015|p=308}}.</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà tí a fi ń gbé àwọn èrò wọ̀nyí kalẹ̀ ni ìbáwí àti ìkọ̀lù sí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì,<ref>{{harvnb|Dunlap|McCright|2011|p=146}}.</ref> àti bí a ṣe ń béèrè ìdí àti ìlòkàn àwọn onímọ̀ kọọkan.<ref name="Björnberg 2017"/> Àwọn àgbègbè ìsọfúnni (echo chamber) nínú àwọn blog àti média tí ń sẹ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti tún ń mú àìgbọ́ye pọ̀ sí i nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Harvey|Van den Berg|Ellers|Kampen|2018}}</ref>
=== Ìmọ̀ àti ojú-ìwòye gbogbo ènìyàn ===
[[File:20220629 Public estimates of scientific consensus on climate change - horizontal bar chart.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| TÀwọn ènìyàn gbangba (public) ń kéré sí ìmòye gidi nípa ìpò ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (data 2022).<ref name=KingsCollegeReport_20220629>{{cite web |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |website=PERITIA Trust EU – The Policy Institute of King's College London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |page=4 |date=June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìwádìí láàárín 2019 sí 2021<ref name="Powell2019">{{cite journal |last1=Powell |first1=James |date=20 November 2019 |title=Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming |journal=[[Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society]] |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=183–184 |doi=10.1177/0270467619886266 }}</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2=Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode=2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free }}</ref> fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì wà ní àárín 98.7 sí 100%.]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àfiyèsí gbogbo ènìyàn lórí ayé ní ìparí ọdún 1980s.<ref name="Weart">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}}</ref> Nítorí ìròyìn média ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1990s, àwọn ènìyàn sábà máa ń dà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọ̀ràn àyíká mìíràn bíi ìparun ozone (ozone depletion).<ref name="Newell2006">{{harvnb|Newell|2006|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}}</ref> Nínú àṣà gbajúgbajà (popular culture), fíìmù ìtàn ìmọ̀-jinlẹ̀ The Day After Tomorrow (2004) àti àkọsílẹ̀ Al Gore An Inconvenient Truth (2006) ló dojú kọ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ́lé pàtàkì.<ref name="Weart" />
lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ní ẹ̀kọ́ gíga, àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kan, àwọn obìnrin àti àwọn ọdọ, ni ó ṣeé ṣe jù lọ láti ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìbànújẹ tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ biology fún kọ́lẹ́ẹ̀jì ní ọdún 2010s ní àkóónú kéré síi lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ju ti ọdún ṣáájú lọ, pẹ̀lú ìtẹnumọ́ kéré síi lórí àwọn ojútùú.<ref>https://undark.org/2023/01/10/in-some-textbooks-climate-change-content-is-few-and-far-between/</ref> Àwọn ìyàtọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ olóṣèlú (partisan gaps) tún wà ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}.</ref> àti pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga jù lọ sábà máa ń ní ìbànújẹ kéré síi.<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2015|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwòye lórí àwọn ìdí tí ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yàtọ̀ gan-an láàárín àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=7}}.</ref> Ìròyìn média tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìdáríjì (protests) ti ní ipa lórí ìmọ̀ àti ìmọ̀lára gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú àwọn apá tí a ń tẹnumọ́ nínú ìjíròrò ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulliver |first=Robyn |date=3 November 2021 |title=A Comparative Analysis of Australian Media Coverage of the 2019 Climate Protests |url=https://commonslibrary.org/a-comparative-analysis-of-australian-media-coverage-of-the-2019-climate-protests/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ìpele ìbànújẹ tó ga jọmọ́ ìtìlẹ́yìn gbogbo ènìyàn tó lágbára sí ìlànà tó ń koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Leiserowitz|2013|p=943}}.</ref> Ìbànújẹ ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò,<ref>{{harvnb|Pew|2020|}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2024|pp=22–26}}</ref> àti ní ọdún 2021 ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aráàlú ní orílẹ̀-èdè 30 fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìbànújẹ gíga tàbí wọ́n ka a sí ìpò pàjáwìrì àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Yale|2021|p=9}}; {{harvnb|UNDP|2021|p=15}}.</ref> Ìwádìí 2024 ní orílẹ̀-èdè 125 fi hàn pé 89% àwọn ènìyàn ayé fẹ́ kí ìgbésẹ̀ ìṣèlú lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára síi, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n sábà máa ń kéré sí ìtóye ìmúra àwọn míì láti ṣe ìgbésẹ̀.<ref name=Damian>{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |title='Spiral of silence': climate action is very popular, so why don't people realise it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/22/spiral-of-silence-climate-action-very-popular-why-dont-people-realise |access-date=22 April 2025 |agency=The Guardian |date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=Peter>{{cite journal |last1=Andre |first1=Peter |last2=Boneva |first2=Teodora |last3=Chopra |first3=Felix |last4=Falk |first4=Armin |title=Globally representative evidence on the actual and perceived support for climate action |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=9 February 2024 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=253–259 |doi=10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3 |bibcode=2024NatCC..14..253A }}</ref>
=== Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìjàkadì Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn ìdáríjì ojú-ọjọ́ ń béèrè pé kí àwọn aṣáájú olóṣèlú gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Wọ́n lè wáyé ní irú àwọn àfihàn gbangba, yíyọ ìdókòwò kúrò nínú epo fosaili, ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́, àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn.<ref>{{harvnb|Gunningham|2018}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hartley |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2023 |title=Climate Activism: Start Here |url=https://commonslibrary.org/climate-activism-start-here/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àfihàn tó gbajúmọ̀ ni School Strike for Climate. Nínú ìgbésẹ̀ yìí, àwọn ọdọ káàkiri ayé ti ń ṣe ìdáríjì láti ọdún 2018 nípa kíkúrò nílé-ẹ̀kọ́ ní gbogbo ọjọ́ Ẹtì, ní ìmísí láti ọwọ́ alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ ará Sweden, Greta Thunberg, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọdọ ní àkókò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|The Guardian, 19 March|2019}}; {{harvnb|Boulianne|Lalancette|Ilkiw|2020}}.</ref> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ bíi Extinction Rebellion ti tún ṣe àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àìgbọràn sí òfin láìfi agbára mú (civil disobedience) ní ìwọ̀n ńlá, nípa dídènà àwọn ọ̀nà àti iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú-ọ̀nà gbogbogbò láti fi ṣe ìdáríjì.<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsche Welle, 22 June|2019}}.</ref>
Lílo ẹjọ́ ilé ẹjọ́ ti ń pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti mú ìgbésẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ lágbára sí i láti ọwọ́ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ aládani. Àwọn alágbára-ọ̀rọ̀ tún ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ẹjọ́ tí wọ́n ń dojú kọ àwọn ìjọba, tí wọ́n sì ń béèrè pé kí wọ́n gbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tó lágbára lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí kí wọ́n mú àwọn òfin ojú-ọjọ́ tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ ṣiṣẹ́.<ref>{{cite news |last=Connolly |first=Kate |date=29 April 2021 |title='Historic' German ruling says climate goals not tough enough |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/29/historic-german-ruling-says-climate-goals-not-tough-enough |access-date=1 May 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Àwọn ẹjọ́ tí a ń fi kàn àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ epo fosaili sábà máa ń wá ìsanwó ìtanràn fún ìpàdánù àti ìbàjẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Setzer|Byrnes|2019}}.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ 23 Oṣù Keje ọdún 2025, Ilé Ẹjọ́ Àgbáyé ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (International Court of Justice) tú ìmọ̀ràn òfin rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti sọ ní kedere pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dènà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àti pé tí wọ́n bá kùnà láti ṣe ojúṣe náà, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì lè fi ẹjọ́ kàn wọ́n. Ojúṣe yìí pẹ̀lú mímú àwọn ìlérí tí wọ́n ṣe nínú àwọn àdéhùn àgbáyé tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ, bíi Adehun Ojú-ọjọ́ Paris ti ọdún 2015.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Summary: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-sum-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Press Release: Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf |website=ICJ-CIJ.org}}</ref>
== Ìtàn ==
=== Àwọn Ìṣàwárí Àkọ́kọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:18560823 Eunice Newton Foote - greenhouse effect.png|thumb|Eunice Newton Foote ṣàfihàn ipa tí carbon dioxide ní láti di ooru mú ní ọdún 1856, ó sì rí ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ fún ayé níwájú.<ref name=Foote1856>{{cite journal|last=Foote |first=Eunice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382 |title=Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays |date=November 1856 |journal=The American Journal of Science and Arts |volume=22 |pages=382–383 |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234235/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382%2F |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> (Ní àkókò náà, a máa ń pe carbon dioxide ní “carbonic acid gas”.)]]
Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún bíi Alexander von Humboldt bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rí ipa tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè ní níwájú.<ref name="Nord 2020 p. 51">{{cite book |last=Nord |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmMGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |title=Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-52324-4 |series=Springer Polar Sciences |page=51 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Mukherjee Scanlon Aureli Langan 2020 p. 331">{{cite book |last1=Van Der Gun |first1=Jac |title=Global Groundwater |chapter=Groundwater resources sustainability |date=2021 |pages=331–345 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-818172-0.00024-4 |isbn=978-0-12-818172-0 }}</ref><ref name="von Humboldt Wulf 2018 p. 10">{{cite book | last1=von Humboldt | first1=A. | last2=Wulf | first2=A. | title=Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt: Edited and Introduced by Andrea Wulf | publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group | series=Everyman's Library Classics Series | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-101-90807-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xal2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PR10 | access-date=11 March 2023 | page=10}}</ref><ref name="Erdkamp Manning Verboven 2021 p. 6">{{cite book |last1=Erdkamp |first1=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbdMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR6 |title=Climate Change and Ancient Societies in Europe and the Near East: Diversity in Collapse and Resilience |last2=Manning |first2=Joseph G. |author-link2=Joseph Manning (historian) |last3=Verboven |first3=Koenraad |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-81103-7 |series=Palgrave Studies in Ancient Economies |page=6 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1820s, Joseph Fourier dámọ̀ràn ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) láti ṣàlàyé ìdí tí ìwọ̀n ooru Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi ga ju ohun tí agbára Oòrùn nìkan lè ṣàlàyé lọ. Afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn lè kọjá, nítorí náà ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn dé ojú ilẹ̀, níbi tí a ti ń yí i padà sí ooru. Ṣùgbọ́n afẹ́fẹ́ kò jẹ́ kí gbogbo ooru tí ojú ilẹ̀ ń tú jáde lè kọjá; ó di díẹ̀ nínú ooru náà mú, èyí sì ń mú kí Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA10 10–14]}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi (water vapour) ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tí ó pè ní “Circumstances Affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays”, ó parí rẹ̀ pé: “Afẹ́fẹ́ tí gáàsì yìí bá pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ yóò fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé wa ní ìwọ̀n ooru gíga.”<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Huddleston|2019}}</ref>
[[File:19120814 Coal Consumption Affecting Climate - Rodney and Otamatea Times.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Àpilẹ̀kọ ọdún 1912 yìí ṣàlàyé ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) ní ṣókí, ó sì ṣàfihàn bí sísun èédú ṣe ń dá carbon dioxide sílẹ̀, èyí tí ń fa ìgbóná ayé àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Otamatea Times">{{cite news |date=14 August 1912 |title=Coal Consumption Affecting Climate |page=7 |work=Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette |location=Warkworth, New Zealand |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ROTWKG19120814.2.56.5}} Text was earlier [[:File:191203 Furnaces of the world - Popular Mechanics - Global warming.jpg|published in ''Popular Mechanics'']], March 1912, p. 341.</ref>]]
Láti ọdún 1859,<ref>{{harvnb|Tyndall|1861}}.</ref> John Tyndall fi hàn pé nitrogen àti oxygen—tí wọ́n jọ jẹ́ 99% afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ—kò di ooru tí a ń tú jáde mú. Ṣùgbọ́n ìrì omi (water vapour) àti àwọn gáàsì bíi methane àti carbon dioxide máa ń gba ooru tí a ń tú jáde, wọ́n sì tún máa ń tú ooru náà padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́. Tyndall dámọ̀ràn pé àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí lè ti fa àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice ages).<ref>{{harvnb|Archer|Pierrehumbert|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA39 39–42]}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article3.html Tyndall]}}</ref>
Svante Arrhenius ṣàkíyèsí pé iye ìrì omi (water vapour) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ máa ń yí padà léraléra, ṣùgbọ́n iye carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ìlànà ilẹ̀-ayé (geological processes) tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ fún àkókò pípẹ́ ń ṣàkóso. Ìgbóná tí ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ bá fa yóò mú kí iye ìrì omi nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí yóò sì tún mú ìgbóná náà lágbára sí i nínú ìlànà ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback loop). Ní ọdún 1896, ó tẹ àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) àkọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ jáde, níbi tí ó ti ṣe àfihàn pé bí iye CO₂ bá dín kù sí ìdajì, ó lè fa ìdínkù nínú ìwọ̀n ooru tó lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ àkókò yìnyín ńlá (ice age). Arrhenius ṣe ìṣírò pé bí iye CO₂ bá di ìlọ́po méjì, ìwọ̀n ooru ayé lè pọ̀ sí i ní ààrin 5 sí 6 °C.{{sfn|Lapenis|1998}} Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì mìíràn ní iyèméjì nípa èrò yìí, wọ́n sì gbà pé ipa ilé-gíláàsì ti dé àyè tí kò lè pọ̀ sí i mọ́ (saturated), nítorí náà fífi CO₂ kún un kò ní ṣe ìyàtọ̀ kankan, àti pé ojú-ọjọ́ yóò máa ṣètò ara rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect">{{harvnb|Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2008|loc=[https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article4.html Arrhenius]}}</ref> Láti ọdún 1938, Guy Stewart Callendar bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tẹ ẹ̀rí jáde pé ojú-ọjọ́ ń gbóná sí i àti pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref>{{harvnb|Callendar|1938}}; {{harvnb|Fleming|2007}}.</ref> ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìṣírò rẹ̀ dojú kọ àwọn àríyànjiyàn kan náà tí a ti gbé kalẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" />
=== Ìdàgbàsókè ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì ===
[[Fáìlì:20211103 Academic studies of scientific consensus - global warming, climate change - vertical bar chart - cs.svg|thumb|Ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìdí (causation): Àwọn ìwádìí ẹ̀kọ́ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìṣọ̀kan ìmọ̀ nípa ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa láàárín àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ (2010–2015) fi hàn pé ìpele ìṣọ̀kan náà ń bá ìpele ìmọ̀ amọ̀ja lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=John |last2=Oreskes |first2= Naomi |last3=Doran |first3=Peter T. |author4-link=William Anderegg |last4=Anderegg |first4=William R. L. |last5=Verheggen |first5=Bart |display-authors=4 |year=2016 |title=Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=11 |issue=4 |article-number=048002 |bibcode= 2016ERL....11d8002C |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002 |doi-access=free|hdl=1983/34949783-dac1-4ce7-ad95-5dc0798930a6 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Ìwádìí 2019 fi hàn pé ìṣọ̀kan sáyẹ́ǹsì jẹ́ 100%,<ref name="Powell2019" /> àti ìwádìí 2021 fi hàn pé ó ju 99% lọ.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìwádìí mìíràn ní ọdún 2021 tún fi hàn pé 98.7% àwọn amòye ojú-ọjọ́ sọ pé Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbóná jù lọ nítorí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn.<ref name="Myers2021">{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Krista F. |last2= Doran |first2=Peter T. |last3=Cook |first3=John |last4=Kotcher |first4=John E. |last5=Myers |first5=Teresa A. |title=Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later |journal= [[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=20 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=10 |page=104030 |doi= 10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 |bibcode= 2021ERL....16j4030M |doi-access=free}}</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 1950s, Gilbert Plass dá àwòṣe kọ̀ǹpútà (computer model) tó jinlẹ̀ sílẹ̀, tí ó fi àwọn ìpele afẹ́fẹ́ tó yàtọ̀ síra àti spekítirọ́mù infurarẹ́dì (infrared spectrum) sínú ìṣírò. Àwòṣe yìí sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìlọsíwájú nínú iye CO₂ yóò fa ìgbóná ayé. Ní àkókò kan náà, Hans Suess rí ẹ̀rí pé iye CO₂ ń pọ̀ sí i, Roger Revelle sì fi hàn pé òkun kì yóò lè gba gbogbo ìpọ̀sí CO₂ náà. Lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn onímọ̀ yìí ran Charles Keeling lọ́wọ́ láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọsílẹ̀ ìdàgbàsókè CO₂ tó ń lọ síwájú—“Keeling Curve”<ref name="Weart The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect" />—tí ó jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìwádìí tó tẹ̀síwájú ní àwọn ọdún 1960 lórí ìdí ènìyàn nínú ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)"}}</ref> Ìwádìí bíi Charney Report (1979) ti National Research Council tún jẹ́rìí pé àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ jẹ́ péye, wọ́n sì lè sọ ìgbóná tó lágbára tó ń bọ̀ lọ́jọ́ iwájú.<ref name=Charney1979>{{Cite book |last1=Charney |first1=Jule |url=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/12181/chapter/1 |title=Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment |last2=Arakawa |first2=Akio |last3=Baker |first3=D. James |last4=Bolin |first4=Bert |last5=Dickinson |first5=Robert E |last6=Goody |first6=Richard M |last7=Leith |first7=Cecil |last8=Stommel |first8=Henry |last9=Wunsch |first9=Carl |date=1979 |publisher=[[National Academies Press]] |doi=10.17226/12181 |isbn=978-0-309-11910-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424115644/https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/12181/chapter/1 |archive-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1988, James Hansen fi ẹ̀rí hàn níwájú ìgbìmọ̀ US Senate pé ènìyàn ló ń fa ìgbóná ayé, ó sì tún kilọ̀ nípa ewu ìgbóná tí kò bá sí ìmúlò ìdènà.<ref name=nyt19880624>{{cite news |page=1 | title= Global Warming Has Begun, Expert Tells Senate| first1= Philip|last1=Shabecoff | url= https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html| newspaper= [[New York Times]] |date= 24 June 1988 | access-date= 1 August 2012 | quote = ...Dr. James E. Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration told a Congressional committee that it was 99 percent certain that the warming trend was not a natural variation but was caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide and other artificial gases in the atmosphere.}}</ref><ref name="history.aip.org2"/> Lẹ́yìn náà, IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) ni a dá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1988 láti fún àwọn ìjọba àgbáyé ní ìmọ̀ ìtẹ́wọ́gbà òfin. Ìgbìmọ̀ yìí tún mú kí ìwádìí láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀ka sáyẹ́ǹsì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Weart|2013|p=3567}}.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá IPCC reports, àwọn onímọ̀ ń ṣàyẹ̀wò ìjíròrò sáyẹ́ǹsì tó wà nínú àwọn àpilẹ̀kọ ìròyìn sáyẹ́ǹsì tí a ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò ṣáájú ìtẹ̀jáde (peer-reviewed journals).<ref>{{harvnb|Royal Society|2005}}.</ref>
Ìṣọ̀kan tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ti gbogbo onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ni pé ojú-ọjọ́ ayé ń gbóná sí i, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ló ń fa èyí.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Kò sí ẹgbẹ́ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì orílẹ̀-èdè tàbí àgbáyé kankan tó ní ipò gíga tí ó tako ìwòye yìí.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=2}}; {{harvnb|Oreskes|2007|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=PXJIqCkb7YIC&pg=PA68 68]}}; {{Harvnb|Gleick, 7 January|2017}}</ref> Títí di ọdún 2019, ìṣọ̀kan nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwádìí tuntun ti dé ju 99% lọ.<ref name="Powell2019"/><ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ IPCC ti ọdún 2021 sọ pé kò sí àríyànjiyàn kankan (“unequivocal”) pé ènìyàn ni ń fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Lynas_2021/> Ìṣọ̀kan náà tún ti dàgbà sí i pé a gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dáàbò bo àwọn ènìyàn kúrò nínú àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Àwọn ilé ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sáyẹ́ǹsì orílẹ̀-èdè ti ké sí àwọn aṣáájú ayé pé kí wọ́n dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé kù.<ref>Joint statement of the {{harvtxt|G8+5 Academies|2009}}; {{harvnb|Gleick, 7 January|2017}}.</ref>
=== Àwọn Ìdàgbàsókè Tuntun ===
Ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ìtọ́kasí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (Extreme Event Attribution, EEA), tí a tún mọ̀ sí attribution science, ni a dá sílẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=AMS_20161201>{{cite web |last1=Herring |first1=Stephanie C. |last2=Hoell |first2=Andrew |last3=Hoerling |first3=Martin P. |last4=Kossin |first4=James P. |last5=Schreck III |first5=Carl J. |last6=Stott |first6=Peter A. |title=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society / Introduction to Explaining Extreme Events of 2015 from a Climate Perspective |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/97/12/bams-d-16-0313.1.xml?tab_body=pdf |publisher=American Meteorological Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628053021/https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/97/12/bams-d-16-0313.1.xml?tab_body=pdf |archive-date=28 June 2025 |date=1 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> EEA ń lo àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) láti mọ̀ àti láti ṣe ìṣírò ipa tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ènìyàn fa ń kó nínú ìgbà tí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an fi ń ṣẹlẹ̀, agbára wọn, bí wọ́n ṣe pẹ́ tó, àti àwọn ipa wọn nínú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ pàtó.<ref>{{cite book |title=Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change |date=2016 |publisher=The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) |location=Washington, D.C. |doi=10.17226/21852 |bibcode=2016nap..book21852N |isbn=978-0-309-38094-2 |url=https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21852/attribution-of-extreme-weather-events-in-the-context-of-climate-change }}</ref><ref name=ClimateCentral_20241118>{{cite web |last1=McSweeney |first1=Robert |last2=Tandon |first2=Ayesha |title=Mapped: How climate change affects extreme weather around the world |url=https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/attribution-studies/index.html |publisher=Climate Central |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610154758/https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/attribution-studies/index.html |archive-date=10 June 2025 |date=18 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn àbájáde ìwádìí ìtọ́kasí wọ̀nyí ń jẹ́ kí àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn akọ̀ròyìn lè sọ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi pé, “ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ yìí ní ó kéré tán ní ìlọ́po n láti ṣẹlẹ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ènìyàn fa”, tàbí “igbi ooru (heatwave) yìí gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ nínú ayé tí kò ní ìgbóná ayé ní ìwọ̀n m degrees”, tàbí “ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí kò ṣeé ṣẹlẹ̀ rárá láìsí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́”.<ref name=WWA_2021>{{cite web |last1=Clarke |first1=Ben |last2=Otto |first2=Friederike |title=Reporting extreme weather and climate change A guide for journalists |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/ENG_WWA-Reporting-extreme-weather-and-climate-change.pdf |publisher=World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601160944/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/ENG_WWA-Reporting-extreme-weather-and-climate-change.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2025 |date=2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Agbára kọ̀ǹpútà tó pọ̀ sí i ní ọdún 2000s àti àwọn ìlọsíwájú tuntun nínú ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àti àárín ọdún 2010s<ref name=ScientificAmerican_20170102>{{cite news |last1=Sneed |first1=Annie |title=Yes, Some Extreme Weather Can Be Blamed on Climate Change |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/yes-some-extreme-weather-can-be-blamed-on-climate-change/ |work=[[Scientific American]] |date=2 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103135143/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/yes-some-extreme-weather-can-be-blamed-on-climate-change/ |archive-date=3 January 2017 }}</ref> jẹ́ kí ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ìtọ́kasí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ (attribution science) lè mọ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan pẹ̀lú ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé gíga.<ref name=AMS_20161201/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ń lo àwọn ọ̀nà ìtọ́kasí (attribution methods) àti àwọn àfọwọ́ṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate simulations) tí a ti ṣàyẹ̀wò tí àwọn amòye sì ti fọwọ́ sí tẹ́lẹ̀ (peer reviewed), èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè tẹ àwọn “ìwádìí ìtọ́kasí kíákíá” (rapid attribution studies) jáde láàárín àkókò tí ìròyìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà ṣì wà lórí àkọlé ìròyìn (“news cycle”) lẹ́yìn tí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ náà bá ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref name=ScientificAmerican_20170102/>
== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
<references />
=== Sources ===
==== IPCC reports ====
{{refbegin}}
'''Fourth Assessment Report'''
<!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} links to this citation. -->
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}}
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year =2007
|title=Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
|series=Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|display-editors=4
|editor-first1=S. |editor-last1=Solomon
|editor-first2=D. |editor-last2=Qin
|editor-first3=M. |editor-last3=Manning
|editor-first4=Z. |editor-last4=Chen
|editor-first5=M. |editor-last5=Marquis
|editor-first6=K. B. |editor-last6=Averyt
|editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Tignor
|editor-first8=H. L. |editor-last8=Miller
|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html
|isbn=978-0-521-88009-1
}}
<!-- # -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007}}
|chapter=Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf
|year=2007
|display-authors=4
|first1=H. |last1=Le Treut
|first2=R. |last2=Somerville
|first3=U. |last3=Cubasch
|first4=Y. |last4=Ding
|first5=C. |last5=Mauritzen
|first6=A. |last6=Mokssit
|first7=T. |last7=Peterson
|first8=M. |last8=Prather
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}}
|pages=93–127
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}
|chapter=Chapter 8: Climate Models and their Evaluation
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter8.pdf
|year=2007
|display-authors=4
|first1=D. A. |last1=Randall
|first2=R. A. |last2=Wood
|first3=S. |last3=Bony
|first4=R. |last4=Colman
|first5=T. |last5=Fichefet
|first6=J. |last6=Fyfe
|first7=V. |last7=Kattsov
|first8=A. |last8=Pitman
|first9=J. |last9=Shukla
|first10=J. |last10=Srinivasan
|first11=R. J. |last11=Stouffer
|first12=A. |last12=Sumi
|first13=K. E. |last13=Taylor
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}}
|pages=589–662
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007}}
|chapter=Chapter 9: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter9.pdf
|year=2007
|display-authors=4
|first1=G. C. |last1=Hegerl
|first2=F. W. |last2=Zwiers
|first3=P. |last3=Braconnot |author-link3=Pascale Braconnot
|first4=N. P. |last4=Gillett
|first5=Y. |last5=Luo
|first6=J. A. |last6=Marengo Orsini
|first7=N. |last7=Nicholls
|first8=J. E. |last8=Penner
|first9=P. A. |last9=Stott
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}}
|pages=663–745
}}
<!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}} links to this citation. -->
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}}
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year =2007
|title=Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
|series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|display-editors=4
|editor-first1=M. L. |editor-last1=Parry
|editor-first2=O. F. |editor-last2=Canziani
|editor-first3=J. P. |editor-last3=Palutikof
|editor-first4=P. J. |editor-last4=van der Linden
|editor-first5=C. E. |editor-last5=Hanson
|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html
|isbn=978-0-521-88010-7
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007}}
|chapter=Chapter 19: Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter19.pdf
|year=2007
|display-authors=4
|first1=S. H. |last1=Schneider
|first2=S. |last2=Semenov
|first3=A. |last3=Patwardhan
|first4=I. |last4=Burton
|first5=C. H. D. |last5=Magadza
|first6=M. |last6=Oppenheimer
|first7=A. B. |last7=Pittock
|first8=A. |last8=Rahman
|first9=J. B. |last9=Smith
|first10=A. |last10=Suarez
|first11=F. |last11=Yamin
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}}
|pages=779–810
}}
<!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}} links to this citation. -->
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}}
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year =2007
|title=Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change
|series=Contribution of Working Group III to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|display-editors=4
|editor-first1=B. |editor-last1=Metz
|editor-first2=O. R. |editor-last2=Davidson
|editor-first3=P. R. |editor-last3=Bosch
|editor-first4=R. |editor-last4=Dave
|editor-first5=L. A. |editor-last5=Meyer
|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html
|isbn=978-0-521-88011-4
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007}}
|chapter=Chapter 1: Introduction
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter1.pdf
|year=2007
|display-authors=4
|first1=H.-H.|last1=Rogner
|first2=D. |last2=Zhou
|first3=R. |last3=Bradley
|first4=P. |last4=Crabbé
|first5=O. |last5=Edenhofer
|first6=B. |last6=Hare
|first7=L. |last7=Kuijpers
|first8=M. |last8=Yamaguchi
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}}
|pages=95–116
}}
<!-- =========AR5================== -->
'''Fifth Assessment report'''
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}<!-- ipcc:20200215 -->
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year=2013
|title=Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis
|series=Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|display-editors=4
|editor1-first=T. F. |editor1-last=Stocker
|editor2-first=D. |editor2-last=Qin
|editor3-first=G.-K. |editor3-last=Plattner
|editor4-first=M. |editor4-last=Tignor
|editor5-first=S. K. |editor5-last=Allen
|editor6-first=J. |editor6-last=Boschung
|editor7-first=A. |editor7-last=Nauels
|editor8-first=Y. |editor8-last=Xia
|editor9-first=V. |editor9-last=Bex
|editor10-first=P. M. |editor10-last=Midgley
|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
|place=Cambridge, UK & New York
|isbn=978-1-107-05799-9 <!-- ISBN in printed source is incorrect. -->
|url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_ALL_FINAL.pdf <!-- Same file, new url per IPCC. -->
}}. [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis – IPCC]
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013}}
|chapter=Summary for Policymakers
|chapter-url=https://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf
|year=2013
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013}}
|chapter=Chapter 2: Observations: Atmosphere and Surface
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2017/09/WG1AR5_Chapter02_FINAL.pdf
|year=2013
|display-authors=4
|first1=D. L. |last1=Hartmann
|first2=A. M. G. |last2=Klein Tank
|first3=M. |last3=Rusticucci
|first4=L. V. |last4=Alexander
|first5=S. |last5=Brönnimann
|first6=Y. |last6=Charabi
|first7=F. J. |last7=Dentener
|first8=E. J. |last8=Dlugokencky
|first9=D. R. |last9=Easterling
|first10=A. |last10=Kaplan
|first11=B. J. |last11=Soden
|first12=P. W. |last12=Thorne
|first13=M. |last13=Wild
|first14=P. M. |last14=Zhai
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}
|pages=159–254
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013}}
|chapter=Chapter 3: Observations: Ocean
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter03_FINAL.pdf
|year=2013
|display-authors=4
|first1=M. |last1=Rhein
|first2=S. R. |last2=Rintoul
|first3=S. |last3=Aoki
|first4=E. |last4=Campos
|first5=D. |last5=Chambers
|first6=R. A. |last6=Feely
|first7=S. |last7=Gulev
|first8=G. C. |last8=Johnson
|first9=S. A. |last9=Josey
|first10=A. |last10=Kostianoy
|first11=C. |last11=Mauritzen
|first12=D. |last12=Roemmich
|first13=L. D. |last13=Talley
|first14=F. |last14=Wang
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}
|pages=255–315
}}
** {{cite book |ref= {{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013}}
|chapter=Chapter 5: Information from Paleoclimate Archives
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter05_FINAL.pdf
|year=2013
|display-authors=4
|first1=V. |last1=Masson-Delmotte
|first2=M. |last2=Schulz
|first3=A. |last3=Abe-Ouchi
|first4=J. |last4=Beer
|first5=A. |last5=Ganopolski
|first6=J. F. |last6=González Rouco
|first7=E. |last7=Jansen
|first8=K. |last8=Lambeck
|first9=J. |last9=Luterbacher
|first10=T. |last10=Naish
|first11=T. |last11=Osborn
|first12=B. |last12=Otto-Bliesner
|first13=T. |last13=Quinn
|first14=R. |last14=Ramesh
|first15=M. |last15=Rojas
|first16=X. |last16=Shao
|first17=A. |last17=Timmermann
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}
|pages=383–464
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013}}
|chapter=Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf
|year=2013
|display-authors=4
|first1=N. L. |last1=Bindoff
|first2=P. A. |last2=Stott
|first3=K. M. |last3=AchutaRao
|first4=M. R. |last4=Allen
|first5=N. |last5=Gillett
|first6=D. |last6=Gutzler
|first7=K. |last7=Hansingo
|first8=G. |last8=Hegerl
|first9=Y. |last9=Hu
|first10=S. |last10=Jain
|first11=I. I. |last11=Mokhov
|first12=J. |last12=Overland
|first13=J. |last13=Perlwitz
|first14=R. |last14=Sebbari
|first15=X. |last15=Zhang
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}
|pages=867–952
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013}}
|chapter=Chapter 12: Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter12_FINAL.pdf
|year=2013
|display-authors=4
|first1=M. |last1=Collins
|first2=R. |last2=Knutti
|first3=J. M. |last3=Arblaster
|first4=J.-L. |last4=Dufresne
|first5=T. |last5=Fichefet
|first6=P. |last6=Friedlingstein
|first7=X. |last7=Gao
|first8=W. J. |last8=Gutowski
|first9=T. |last9=Johns
|first10=G. |last10=Krinner
|first11=M. |last11=Shongwe
|first12=C. |last12=Tebaldi
|first13=A. J. |last13=Weaver
|first14=M. |last14=Wehner
|pages=1029–1136
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}
}}
<!----------------AR5 Working Group II Report -->
{{anchor|{{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2|2014}}}} <!-- For the entire AR5 WG2 report -->
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}}
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year=2014
|title=Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects
|series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|display-editors=4
|editor-first1=C. B. |editor-last1=Field
|editor-first2=V. R. |editor-last2=Barros
|editor-first3=D. J. |editor-last3=Dokken
|editor-first4=K. J. |editor-last4=Mach
|editor-first5=M. D. |editor-last5=Mastrandrea
|editor-first6=T. E. |editor-last6=Bilir
|editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Chatterjee
|editor-first8=K. L. |editor-last8=Ebi
|editor-first9=Y. O. |editor-last9=Estrada
|editor-first10=R. C. |editor-last10=Genova
|editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Girma
|editor-first12=E. S. |editor-last12=Kissel
|editor-first13=A. N. |editor-last13=Levy
|editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=MacCracken
|editor-first15=P. R. |editor-last15=Mastrandrea
|editor-first16=L. L. |editor-last16=White
|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
|isbn=978-1-107-05807-1
|url=<!-- ** I haven't added AR5 urls yet as I have not determined which is best. -JJ -->
}}. Chapters 1–20, SPM, and Technical Summary.
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014}}
|chapter=Chapter 13: Livelihoods and Poverty
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap13_FINAL.pdf
|display-authors=4
|first1=L. |last1=Olsson
|first2=M. |last2=Opondo
|first3=P. |last3=Tschakert
|first4=A. |last4=Agrawal
|first5=S. H. |last5=Eriksen
|first6=S. |last6=Ma
|first7=L. N. |last7=Perch
|first8=S. A. |last8=Zakieldeen
|year=2014
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}}
|pages=793–832
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014}}
|chapter=Chapter 18: Detection and Attribution of Observed Impacts
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap18_FINAL.pdf
|year=2014
|display-authors=4
|first1=W. |last1=Cramer
|first2=G. W. |last2=Yohe
|first3=M. |last3=Auffhammer
|first4=C. |last4=Huggel
|first5=U. |last5=Molau
|first6=M. A. F. |last6=da Silva Dias
|first7=A. |last7=Solow
|first8=D. A. |last8=Stone
|first9=L. |last9=Tibig
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}}
|pages=979–1037
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014}}
|chapter=Chapter 19: Emergent Risks and Key Vulnerabilities
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap19_FINAL.pdf
|year=2014
|display-authors=4
|first1=M. |last1=Oppenheimer
|first2=M. |last2=Campos
|first3=R. |last3=Warren
|first4=J. |last4=Birkmann
|first5=G. |last5=Luber
|first6=B. |last6=O'Neill
|first7=K. |last7=Takahashi
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}}
|pages=1039–1099
}}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 B|2014}}
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year=2014
|title=Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects
|series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|display-editors=4
|editor-first1=V. R. |editor-last1=Barros
|editor-first2=C. B. |editor-last2=Field
|editor-first3=D. J. |editor-last3=Dokken
|editor-first4=K. J. |editor-last4=Mach
|editor-first5=M. D. |editor-last5=Mastrandrea
|editor-first6=T. E. |editor-last6=Bilir
|editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Chatterjee
|editor-first8=K. L. |editor-last8=Ebi
|editor-first9=Y. O. |editor-last9=Estrada
|editor-first10=R. C. |editor-last10=Genova
|editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Girma
|editor-first12=E. S. |editor-last12=Kissel
|editor-first13=A. N. |editor-last13=Levy
|editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=MacCracken
|editor-first15=P. R. |editor-last15=Mastrandrea
|editor-first16=L.L |editor-last16=White
|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
|place=Cambridge, UK & New York
|isbn=978-1-107-05816-3
|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-PartB_FINAL.pdf
}}. Chapters 21–30, Annexes, and Index.
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014}}
|chapter=Chapter 28: Polar Regions
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap28_FINAL.pdf
|display-authors=4
|first1=J. N. |last1=Larsen
|first2=O. A. |last2=Anisimov
|first3=A. |last3=Constable
|first4=A. B. |last4=Hollowed
|first5=N. |last5=Maynard
|first6=P. |last6=Prestrud
|first7=T. D. |last7=Prowse
|first8=J. M. R.|last8=Stone
|year=2014
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 B|2014}}
|pages=1567–1612
}}
<!-- ------------------------------ -->
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}}
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year=2014
|title=Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change
|series=Contribution of Working Group III to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|display-editors=4
|editor-first1=O. |editor-last1=Edenhofer
|editor-first2=R. |editor-last2=Pichs-Madruga
|editor-first3=Y. |editor-last3=Sokona
|editor-first4=E. |editor-last4=Farahani
|editor-first5=S. |editor-last5=Kadner
|editor-first6=K. |editor-last6=Seyboth
|editor-first7=A. |editor-last7=Adler
|editor-first8=I. |editor-last8=Baum
|editor-first9=S. |editor-last9=Brunner
|editor-first10=P. |editor-last10=Eickemeier
|editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Kriemann
|editor-first12=J. |editor-last12=Savolainen
|editor-first13=S. |editor-last13=Schlömer
|editor-first14=C. |editor-last14=von Stechow
|editor-first15=T. |editor-last15=Zwickel
|editor-first16=J. C. |editor-last16=Minx
|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
|place=Cambridge, UK & New York, NY
|isbn= 978-1-107-05821-7
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014}}
|chapter=Chapter 9: Buildings
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter9.pdf
|year=2014
|display-authors=4
|first1=O. |last1=Lucon
|first2=D. |last2=Ürge-Vorsatz
|first3=A. |last3=Ahmed
|first4=H. |last4=Akbari
|first5=P. |last5=Bertoldi
|first6=L. |last6=Cabeza
|first7=N. |last7=Eyre
|first8=A. |last8=Gadgil
|first9=L. D. |last9=Harvey
|first10=Y. |last10=Jiang
|first11=E. |last11=Liphoto
|first12=S. |last12=Mirasgedis
|first13=S. |last13=Murakami
|first14=J. |last14=Parikh
|first15=C. |last15=Pyke
|first16=M. |last16=Vilariño
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}}
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014}}
|chapter=Annex III: Technology-specific Cost and Performance Parameters
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf
|year=2014
|display-authors=4
|first1=O. |last1=Edenhofer
|first2=R. |last2=Pichs-Madruga
|first3=Y. |last3=Sokona
|first4=E. |last4=Farahani
|first5=S. |last5=Kadner
|first6=K. |last6=Seyboth
|first7=A. |last7=Adler
|first8=I. |last8=Baum
|first9=S. |last9=Brunner
|first10=P. |last10=Eickemeier
|first11=B. |last11=Kriemann
|first12=J. |last12=Savolainen
|first13=S. |last13=Schlömer
|first14=C. |last14=von Stechow
|first15=T. |last15=Zwickel
|first16=J.C. |last16=Minx
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}}
}}
* {{cite book
|author=IPCC AR5 SYR |author-link=IPCC
|year=2014
|title=Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report
|series=Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|editor1=The Core Writing Team
|editor-first2=R. K. |editor-last2=Pachauri
|editor-first3=L. A. |editor-last3=Meyer
|publisher=IPCC
|place=Geneva, Switzerland
|isbn=<!-- no isbn -->
|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014}}
|chapter=Summary for Policymakers
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf
|year=2014
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014}}
}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014}}
|chapter=Annex II: Glossary
|chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_Annexes.pdf
|year=2014
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014}}
}}
<!-- =========SR15================== -->
'''Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5 °C'''
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 -->
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year=2018
|title=Global Warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty
|display-editors=4
|editor-first1=V. |editor-last1=Masson-Delmotte
|editor-first2=P. |editor-last2=Zhai
|editor-first3=H.-O. |editor-last3=Pörtner
|editor-first4=D. |editor-last4=Roberts
|editor-first5=J. |editor-last5=Skea
|editor-first6=P. R. |editor-last6=Shukla
|editor-first7=A. |editor-last7=Pirani
|editor-first8=W. |editor-last8=Moufouma-Okia
|editor-first9=C. |editor-last9=Péan
|editor-first10=R. |editor-last10=Pidcock
|editor-first11=S. |editor-last11=Connors
|editor-first12=J. B. R. |editor-last12=Matthews
|editor-first13=Y. |editor-last13=Chen
|editor-first14=X. |editor-last14=Zhou
|editor-first15=M. I. |editor-last15=Gomis
|editor-first16=E. |editor-last16=Lonnoy
|editor-first17=T. |editor-last17=Maycock
|editor-first18=M. |editor-last18=Tignor
|editor-first19=T. |editor-last19=Waterfeld
|publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]]
|isbn=<!-- not issued? -->
|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf
}} Global Warming of 1.5 °C –.
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 -->
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year=2018
|chapter=Summary for Policymakers
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_SPM_version_report_HR.pdf
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}}
|pages=3–24
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 -->
|year=2018
|chapter=Chapter 1: Framing and Context
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter1_High_Res.pdf
|display-authors=4
|first1=M. R. |last1=Allen
|first2=O. P. |last2=Dube
|first3=W. |last3=Solecki
|first4=F. |last4=Aragón-Durand
|first5=W. |last5=Cramer
|first6=S. |last6=Humphreys
|first7=M. |last7=Kainuma
|first8=J. |last8=Kala
|first9=N. |last9=Mahowald
|first10=Y. |last10=Mulugetta
|first11=R. |last11=Perez
|first12=M. |last12=Wairiu
|first13=K. |last13=Zickfeld
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}}
|pages=49–91
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 -->
|year=2018
|chapter=Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter2_High_Res.pdf
|display-authors=4
|first1=J. |last1=Rogelj |author1-link=Joeri Rogelj
|first2=D. |last2=Shindell
|first3=K. |last3=Jiang
|first4=S. |last4=Fifta
|first5=P. |last5=Forster
|first6=V. |last6=Ginzburg
|first7=C. |last7=Handa
|first8=H. |last8=Kheshgi
|first9=S. |last9=Kobayashi
|first10=E. |last10=Kriegler
|first11=L. |last11=Mundaca
|first12=R. |last12=Séférian
|first13=M. V. |last13=Vilariño
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}}
|pages=93–174
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 -->
|year=2018
|chapter=Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5 °C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter3_High_Res.pdf
|display-authors=4
|first1=O. |last1=Hoegh-Guldberg
|first2=D. |last2=Jacob
|first3=M. |last3=Taylor
|first4=M. |last4=Bindi
|first5=S. |last5=Brown
|first6=I. |last6=Camilloni
|first7=A. |last7=Diedhiou
|first8=R. |last8=Djalante
|first9=K. L. |last9=Ebi
|first10=F. |last10=Engelbrecht
|first11=J. |last11=Guiot
|first12=Y. |last12=Hijioka
|first13=S. |last13=Mehrotra
|first14=A. |last14=Payne
|first15=S. I.|last15=Seneviratne
|first16=A. |last16=Thomas
|first17=R. |last17=Warren
|first18=G. |last18=Zhou
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}}
|pages=175–311
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 -->
|year=2018
|chapter=Chapter 4: Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter4_High_Res.pdf
|display-authors=4
|first1=H. |last1=de Coninck
|first2=A. |last2=Revi
|first3=M. |last3=Babiker
|first4=P. |last4=Bertoldi
|first5=M. |last5=Buckeridge
|first6=A. |last6=Cartwright
|first7=W. |last7=Dong
|first8=J. |last8=Ford
|first9=S. |last9=Fuss
|first10=J.-C. |last10=Hourcade
|first11=D. |last11=Ley
|first12=R. |last12=Mechler
|first13=P. |last13=Newman
|first14=A. |last14=Revokatova
|first15=S. |last15=Schultz
|first16=L. |last16=Steg
|first17=T. |last17=Sugiyama
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}}
|pages=313–443
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 -->
|year=2018
|chapter=Chapter 5: Sustainable Development, Poverty Eradication and Reducing Inequalities
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter5_High_Res.pdf
|display-authors=4
|first1=J. |last1=Roy
|first2=P. |last2=Tschakert
|first3=H. |last3=Waisman
|first4=S. |last4=Abdul Halim
|first5=P. |last5=Antwi-Agyei
|first6=P. |last6=Dasgupta
|first7=B. |last7=Hayward
|first8=M. |last8=Kanninen
|first9=D. |last9=Liverman
|first10=C. |last10=Okereke
|first11=P. F. |last11=Pinho
|first12=K. |last12=Riahi
|first13=A. G. |last13=Suarez Rodriguez
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}}
|pages=445–538
}}
<!-- =========SRCCL ============================ -->
'''Special Report: Climate change and Land'''
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 -->
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|display-editors=4
|editor-first1=P. R. |editor-last1=Shukla
|editor-first2=J. |editor-last2=Skea
|editor-first3=E. |editor-last3=Calvo Buendia
|editor-first4=V. |editor-last4=Masson-Delmotte
|editor-first5=H.-O. |editor-last5=Pörtner
|editor-first6=D. |editor-last6=C. Roberts
|editor-first7=P. |editor-last7=Zhai
|editor-first8=R. |editor-last8=Slade
|editor-first9=S. |editor-last9=Connors
|editor-first10=R. |editor-last10=van Diemen
|editor-first11=M. |editor-last11=Ferrat
|editor-first12=E. |editor-last12=Haughey
|editor-first13=S. |editor-last13=Luz
|editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=Neogi
|editor-first15=M. |editor-last15=Pathak
|editor-first16=J. |editor-last16=Petzold
|editor-first17=J. |editor-last17=Portugal Pereira
|editor-first18=P. |editor-last18=Vyas
|editor-first19=E. |editor-last19=Huntley
|editor-first20=K. |editor-last20=Kissick
|editor-first21=M. |editor-last21=Belkacemi
|editor-first22=J. |editor-last22=Malley
|year=2019
|title=IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems
|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/SRCCL-Full-Report-Compiled-191128.pdf
|publisher=In press
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 -->
|chapter=Summary for Policymakers
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/12/02_Summary-for-Policymakers_SPM.pdf
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year=2019
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}}
|pages=3–34
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 -->
|chapter=Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/05_Chapter-2.pdf
|display-authors=4
|first1=G. |last1=Jia
|first2=E. |last2=Shevliakova
|first3=P. E. |last3=Artaxo<!-- 'Artaxo-Netto'? -->
|first4=N. |last4=De Noblet-Ducoudré
|first5=R. |last5=Houghton
|first6=J. |last6=House
|first7=K. |last7=Kitajima
|first8=C. |last8=Lennard
|first9=A. |last9=Popp
|first10=A. |last10=Sirin
|first11=R. |last11=Sukumar
|first12=L. |last12=Verchot
|year=2019
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}}
|pages=131–247
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 -->
|chapter=Chapter 5: Food Security
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/08_Chapter-5.pdf
|display-authors=4
|first1=C. |last1=Mbow
|first2=C. |last2=Rosenzweig
|first3=L. G. |last3=Barioni
|first4=T. |last4=Benton
|first5=M. |last5=Herrero
|first6=M. V. |last6=Krishnapillai
|first7=E. |last7=Liwenga
|first8=P. |last8=Pradhan
|first9=M. G. |last9=Rivera-Ferre
|first10=T. |last10=Sapkota
|first11=F. N. |last11=Tubiello
|first12=Y. |last12=Xu
|year=2019
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}}
|pages=437–550
}}
<!-- =========SROCC ============================ -->
'''Special Report: The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate'''
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 -->
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year=2019
|display-editors=4
|editor-first1=H.-O. |editor-last1=Pörtner
|editor-first2=D. C. |editor-last2=Roberts
|editor-first3=V. |editor-last3=Masson-Delmotte
|editor-first4=P. |editor-last4=Zhai
|editor-first5=M. |editor-last5=Tignor
|editor-first6=E. |editor-last6=Poloczanska
|editor-first7=K. |editor-last7=Mintenbeck
|editor-first8=A. |editor-last8=Alegría
|editor-first9=M. |editor-last9=Nicolai
|editor-first10=A. |editor-last10=Okem
|editor-first11=J. |editor-last11=Petzold
|editor-first12=B. |editor-last12=Rama
|editor-first13=N. |editor-last13=Weyer
|title=IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
|publisher=In press
|isbn=<!-- Not yet assigned -->
|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/SROCC_FullReport_FINAL.pdf
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 -->
|chapter=Summary for Policymakers
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/03_SROCC_SPM_FINAL.pdf
|author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
|year=2019
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019}}
|pages=3–35
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 -->
|chapter=Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/08_SROCC_Ch04_FINAL.pdf
|display-authors=4
|first1=M. |last1=Oppenheimer
|first2=B. |last2=Glavovic
|first3=J. |last3=Hinkel
|first4=R. |last4=van de Wal
|first5=A. K. |last5=Magnan
|first6=A. |last6=Abd-Elgawad
|first7=R. |last7=Cai
|first8=M. |last8=Cifuentes-Jara
|first9=R. M. |last9=Deconto
|first10=T. |last10=Ghosh
|first11=J. |last11=Hay
|first12=F. |last12=Isla
|first13=B. |last13=Marzeion
|first14=B. |last14=Meyssignac
|first15=Z. |last15=Sebesvari
|year=2019
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019}}
|pages=321–445
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 -->
|chapter=Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/09_SROCC_Ch05_FINAL.pdf
|display-authors=4
|first1=N. L. |last1=Bindoff
|first2=W. W. L. |last2=Cheung
|first3=J. G. |last3=Kairo
|first4=J. |last4=Arístegui
|first5=V. A. |last5=Guinder
|first6=R. |last6=Hallberg
|first7=N. J. M. |last7=Hilmi
|first8=N. |last8=Jiao
|first9=Md S. |last9=Karim
|first10=L. |last10=Levin
|first11=S. |last11=O'Donoghue
|first12=S. R. |last12=Purca Cuicapusa
|first13=B. |last13=Rinkevich
|first14=T. |last14=Suga
|first15=A. |last15=Tagliabue
|first16=P. |last16=Williamson
|year=2019
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019}}
|pages=447–587
}}
'''Sixth Assessment Report'''
* {{Cite book |ref= {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}}
|author= IPCC |author-link= IPCC
|year= 2021
|title= Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis
|series= Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report|Sixth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|display-editors= 4
|editor1-first=V. |editor1-last=Masson-Delmotte
|editor2-first=P. |editor2-last=Zhai
|editor3-first=A. |editor3-last=Pirani
|editor4-first=S. L. |editor4-last=Connors
|editor5-first=C. |editor5-last=Péan
|editor6-first=S. |editor6-last=Berger
|editor7-first=N. |editor7-last=Caud
|editor8-first=Y. |editor8-last=Chen
|editor9-first=L. |editor9-last=Goldfarb
|editor10-first=M. I. |editor10-last=Gomis
|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] (In Press)
|place=Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US
|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FullReport_small.pdf
}}
** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021}}
|chapter=Summary for Policymakers
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_final.pdf
|author=IPCC |author-link= IPCC
|year=2021
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}}
}}
** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021}}
|chapter=Technical Summary
|last1=Arias |first1=Paola A.
|last2=Bellouin |first2=Nicolas
|last3=Coppola |first3=Erika
|last4=Jones |first4=Richard G.
|last5=Krinner |first5=Gerhard
|display-authors=4
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_TS.pdf
|year=2021
|title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}}
}}
** {{Cite book
|ref= {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021}}
|chapter=Chapter 2: Changing state of the climate system
|last1 = Gulev| first1 = Sergey K.| last2 = Thorne| first2 = Peter W.| last3 = Ahn| first3 = Jinho| last4 = Dentener| first4 = Frank J.| last5 = Domingues| first5 = Catia M.| last6 = Gerland| first6 = Sebastian| last7 = Gong| first7 = Daoyi| last8 = Kaufman| first8 = Darrell S.| last9 = Nnamchi| first9 = Hyacinth C.| last10 = Quaas| first10 = Johannes| last11 = Rivera| first11 = Juan Antonio| last12 = Sathyendranath| first12 = Shubha| last13 = Smith| first13 = Sharon L.| last14 = Trewin| first14 = Blair| last15 = von Shuckmann| first15 = Karina| last16 = Vose| first16 = Russell S.
|title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|chapter-url= https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_02.pdf
|display-authors=4
|year=2021
}}
** {{Cite book
|ref= {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021}}
|chapter=Chapter 4: Future Global Climate: Scenario-Based Projections and Near-Term Information
|last1 = Lee | first1 = June-Yi | last2 = Marotzke | first2 = Jochem | last3 = Bala | first3 = Govindasamy | last4 = Cao | first4 = Long | last5 = Corti | first5 = Susanna | last6 = Dunne | first6 = John P. | last7 = Engelbrecht | first7 = Francois | last8 = Fischer | first8 = Erich M. | last9 = Fyfe | first9 = John C. | last10 = Jones | first10 = Christopher D. | last11 = Maycock | first11 = Amanda C. | last12 = Mutemi | first12 = Joseph | last13 = Ndiaye | first13 = Ousmane | last14 = Panickal | first14 = Swapna | last15 = Zhou | first15 = Tianjun
|title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|chapter-url = https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/chapter/chapter-4/
|display-authors=4
|year=2021
}}
** {{Cite book
|ref= {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021}}
|chapter=Chapter 5: Global Carbon and other Biogeochemical Cycles and Feedbacks
|last1 = Canadell | first1 = Josep G. | last2 = Monteiro | first2 = Pedro M.S. | last3 = Costa | first3 = Marcos H. | last4 = Cotrim da Cunha | first4 = Leticia | last5 = Cox | first5 = Peter | last6 = Eliseev | first6 = Alexey V. | last7 = Ghattas | first7 = Julia | last8 = Ishii | first8 = Masao | last9 = Joos | first9 = Fortunat | last10 = Lenton | first10 = Timothy M. | last11 = Patra | first11 = Prabir K. | last12 = Scholes | first12 = Mary | last13 = Shrestha | first13 = Rajan K. | last14 = Tjiputra | first14 = Jerry | last15 = Zaehle | first15 = Sönke
|title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|chapter-url= https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/chapter/chapter-5/
|display-authors=4
|year=2021
}}
** {{Cite book
|ref= {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021}}
|chapter=Chapter 11: Weather and climate extreme events in a changing climate
|last1=Seneviratne |first1=Sonia I.
|last2=Zhang |first2=Xuebin
|last3=Adnan |first3=M.
|last4=Badi |first4=W.
|last5=Dereczynski |first5=Claudine
|last6=Di Luca |first6=Alejandro
|last7=Ghosh |first7=S.
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_11.pdf
|display-authors=4
|title= {{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}}
|year=2021
}}
* {{cite book
|author=IPCC
|ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}}
|editor-last1=Pörtner |editor-first1=H.-O.
|editor-last2=Roberts |editor-first2=D.C.
|editor-last3=Tignor |editor-first3=M.
|editor-last4=Poloczanska |editor-first4=E.S.
|editor-last5=Mintenbeck |editor-first5=K.
|editor-last6=Alegría |editor-first6=A.
|editor-last7=Craig |editor-first7=M.
|editor-last8=Langsdorf |editor-first8=S.
|editor-last9=Löschke |editor-first9=S.
|editor-last10=Möller |editor-first10=V.
|editor-last11=Okem |editor-first11=A.
|editor-last12=Rama |editor-first12=B.
|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
|title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
|year=2022
|doi=10.1017/9781009325844|isbn=978-1-009-32584-4
}}
** {{Cite book
|ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022}}
|author=IPCC
|chapter=Summary for Policymakers
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf
|title= {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}}
|year=2022
|pages=3–33
|doi=10.1017/9781009325844.001
|isbn=978-1-009-32584-4
}}
** {{Cite book
|ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022}}
|author=IPCC
|chapter=Technical Summary
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_TechnicalSummary.pdf
|title= {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}}
|year=2022
|pages=37–118
|doi=10.1017/9781009325844.002
|isbn=978-1-009-32584-4
}}
** {{Cite book
|ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022}}
|chapter=Food, Fibre and Other Ecosystem Products
|chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter05.pdf
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** {{Cite book
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* {{cite book
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** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022}}
|chapter=Summary for Policymakers
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** {{Cite book
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** {{Cite book
|ref= {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022}}
|chapter=Chapter 14: International Cooperation
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* {{cite book
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}}
{{refend}}
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* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017}} |year=2017 |chapter=Chapter 1: Our Globally Changing Climate |title=In {{harvnb|USGCRP2017}} |chapter-url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/downloads/CSSR_Ch1_Our_Globally_Changing_Climate.pdf |first1=D. J. |last1=Wuebbles |first2=D. R. |last2=Easterling |first3=K. |last3=Hayhoe |first4=T. |last4=Knutson |first5=R. E. |last5=Kopp |first6=J. P. |last6=Kossin |first7=K. E. |last7=Kunkel |last9=A. N. |last8=LeGran-de |first10=C. |last10=Mears |first11=W. V. |last11=Sweet |first12=P. C. |last12=Taylor |first13=R. S. |last13=Vose |first14=M. F. |last14=Wehne |display-authors=4}}
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*
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{{refend}}
==== Books, reports and legal documents ====
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|G8+5 Academies|2009}} |title=G8+5 Academies' joint statement: Climate change and the transformation of energy technologies for a low carbon future |date=May 2009 |publisher=The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |author1=Academia Brasileira de Ciéncias (Brazil) |author2=Royal Society of Canada |author3=Chinese Academy of Sciences |author4=Académie des Sciences (France) |author5=Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (Germany) |author6=Indian National Science Academy |author7=Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Italy) |author8=Science Council of Japan, Academia Mexicana de Ciencias |author9=Academia Mexicana de Ciencias (Mexico) |author10=Russian Academy of Sciences |author11=Academy of Science of South Africa |author12=Royal Society (United Kingdom) |author13=National Academy of Sciences (United States of America) |url=http://www.nationalacademies.org/includes/G8+5energy-climate09.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215171429/http://www.nationalacademies.org/includes/G8+5energy-climate09.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=5 May 2010}}
* {{cite book |first1=David |last1=Archer |author-link=David Archer (scientist) |first2=Raymond |last2=Pierrehumbert |author-link2=Raymond Pierrehumbert |title=The Warming Papers: The Scientific Foundation for the Climate Change Forecast |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PT10 |year=2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-68733-8}}
* {{cite report |ref={{harvid|International Institute for Sustainable Development|2019}} |url=https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/fossil-fuel-clean-energy-subsidy-swap.pdf |title=Fossil Fuel to Clean Energy Subsidy Swaps |last1=Bridle |first1=Richard |last2=Sharma |first2=Shruti |last3=Mostafa |first3=Mostafa |last4=Geddes |first4=Anna |date=June 2019}}
* {{cite web |title=The Paris Agreement: Summary. Climate Focus Client Brief on the Paris Agreement III |author=Climate Focus |date=December 2015 |access-date=12 April 2019 |url=https://climatefocus.com/sites/default/files/20151228%20COP%2021%20briefing%20FIN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005005832/https://climatefocus.com/sites/default/files/20151228%20COP%2021%20briefing%20FIN.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2018 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite report |ref={{harvid|UN Human Development Report|2020}} |author=Conceição |display-authors=etal |year=2020 |title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=9 January 2021}}
* {{cite report |last1=DeFries |first1=Ruth |author-link1=Ruth DeFries |last2=Edenhofer |first2=Ottmar |last3=Halliday |first3=Alex |last4=Heal |first4=Geoffrey |display-authors=etal |date=September 2019 |title=The missing economic risks in assessments of climate change impacts |publisher=Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/The-missing-economic-risks-in-assessments-of-climate-change-impacts-2.pdf}}
* Dessler, Andrew E. and Edward A. Parson, eds. ''The science and politics of global climate change: A guide to the debate'' (Cambridge University Press, 2019).
* {{cite web |title=The climate regime from The Hague to Marrakech: Saving or sinking the Kyoto Protocol? |last=Dessai |first=Suraje |date=2001 |work=Tyndall Centre Working Paper 12 |publisher=Tyndall Centre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610013556/http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/sites/default/files/wp12.pdf |archive-date=10 June 2012 |url=http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/sites/default/files/wp12.pdf |access-date=5 May 2010}}
* {{cite book |last1=Dunlap |first1=Riley E. |last2=McCright |first2=Aaron M. |editor-last1=Dryzek |editor-first1=John S. |editor-first2=Richard B. |editor-last2=Norgaard |editor-first3=David |editor-last3=Schlosberg |title=The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2011 |pages=144–160 |chapter=Chapter 10: Organized climate change denial |isbn=978-0-19-956660-0}}
* {{cite book |last1=Dunlap |first1=Riley E. |last2=McCright |first2=Aaron M. |editor-last1=Dunlap |editor-first1=Riley E. |editor-first2=Robert J. |editor-last2=Brulle |title=Climate Change and Society: Sociological Perspectives |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2015 |pages=300–332 |chapter=Chapter 10: Challenging Climate Change: The Denial Countermovement |isbn=978-0-19-935611-9}}
*{{cite report |ref={{harvid|Ebi et al.|2018}} |last1=Ebi |first1=Kristie L. |last2=Balbus |first2=John |last3=Luber |first3=George |last4=Bole |first4=Aparna |last5=Crimmins |first5=Allison R. |last6=Glass |first6=Gregory E. |last7=Saha |first7=Shubhayu |last8=Shimamoto |first8=Mark M. |last9=Trtanj |first9=Juli M. |last10=White-Newsome |first10=Jalonne L. |title=Chapter 14: Human Health. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II |date=2018 |doi=10.7930/nca4.2018.ch14 |doi-broken-date=4 January 2026}}
* {{cite report |last=Flavell |first=Alex |title=IOM outlook on migration, environment and climate change |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration]] (IOM) |publication-place=Geneva, Switzerland |year=2014 |url=https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/mecc_outlook.pdf |isbn=978-92-9068-703-0 |oclc=913058074}}
* {{cite book |title=The Callendar Effect: the life and work of Guy Stewart Callendar (1898–1964) |year=2007 |last=Fleming |first=James Rodger |publisher=American Meteorological Society |location=Boston |isbn=978-1-878220-76-9}}
* {{cite report |ref={{harvid|UNDP|2021}} |title=Peoples' Climate Vote |last1=Flynn |first1=C. |last2=Yamasumi |first2=E. |last3=Fisher |first3=S. |last4=Snow |first4=D. |last5=Grant |first5=Z. |last6=Kirby |first6=M. |last7=Browning |first7=P. |last8=Rommerskirchen |first8=M. |last9=Russell |first9=I. |display-authors=4 |publisher=UNDP and University of Oxford |date=January 2021 |url=https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/UNDP-Oxford-Peoples-Climate-Vote-Results.pdf |access-date=5 August 2021}}
* {{cite report |ref={{harvid|UNDP|2024}} |title=Peoples' Climate Vote 2024 Results |last1=Flynn |first1=C. |last2=Jardon |first2=S. T. |last3=Fisher |first3=S. |last4=Blayney |first4=M. |last5=Ward |first5=A. |last6=Smith |first6=H. |last7=Struthoff |first7=P. |last8=Fillingham |first8=Z. |display-authors=2 |publisher=UNDP and University of Oxford |date=June 2024 |url=https://peoplesclimate.vote/document/Peoples_Climate_Vote_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=1 November 2024}}
* {{cite report |author=Global Methane Initiative |title=Global Methane Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities |url=https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/gmi-mitigation-factsheet.pdf |date=2020 |publisher=Global Methane Initiative}}
* {{cite book |title=Shock Waves: Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. Climate Change and Development |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-4648-0674-2 |doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-0673-5 |last1=Hallegatte |first1=Stephane |last2=Bangalore |first2=Mook |last3=Bonzanigo |first3=Laura |last4=Fay |first4=Marianne |last5=Kane |first5=Tamaro |last6=Narloch |first6=Ulf |last7=Rozenberg |first7=Julie |last8=Treguer |first8=David |last9=Vogt-Schilb |first9=Adrien |display-authors=4 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=World Bank |hdl=10986/22787 |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/22787/9781464806735.pdf?sequence=13&isAllowed=y}}
* {{cite book |last1=Haywood |first1=Jim |title=Climate Change |chapter=Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Role in Climate Change |date=2016 |pages=449–463 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-63524-2.00027-0 |isbn=978-0-444-63524-2}}
* {{Cite report |ref={{harvid|IEA|2020b}} |author=IEA |date=December 2020 |title=Energy Efficiency 2020 |chapter=COVID-19 and energy efficiency |chapter-url=https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-efficiency-2020/covid-19-and-energy-efficiency#abstract |location=Paris, France |access-date=6 April 2021}}
* {{Cite report |author=IEA |date=October 2021 |title=Net Zero By 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector |url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/deebef5d-0c34-4539-9d0c-10b13d840027/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf |location=Paris, France |access-date=4 April 2022}}
* {{Cite report |ref={{harvid|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023}} |author=IEA |date=October 2023 |title=World Energy Outlook 2023 |url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/26ca51d0-4a42-4649-a7c0-552d75ddf9b2/WorldEnergyOutlook2023.pdf |location=Paris, France |access-date=25 October 2021}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Krogstrup |first1=Signe |last2=Oman |first2=William |title=Macroeconomic and Financial Policies for Climate Change Mitigation |journal=IMF Working Papers |date=2019 |volume=19 |issue=185 |doi=10.5089/9781513511955.001}}
* {{cite report |ref={{harvid|Yale|2021}} |title=International Public Opinion on Climate Change |last1=Leiserowitz |first1=A. |last2=Carman |first2=J. |last3=Buttermore |first3=N. |last4=Wang |first4=X. |last5=Rosenthal |first5=S. |last6=Marlon |first6=J. |last7=Mulcahy |first7=K. |display-authors=4 |publisher=Yale Program on Climate Change Communication and Facebook Data for Good |year=2021 |location=New Haven, CT |url=https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/international-climate-opinion-february-2021d.pdf |access-date=5 August 2021}}
* {{Cite book |title=Future Energy: Improved, Sustainable and Clean Options for our Planet |edition=Third |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-08-102886-5 |editor-last=Letcher |editor-first=Trevor M.}}
* {{cite book |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |title=Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals |chapter=Implications of the Developed Scenarios for Climate Change |date=2019 |pages=459–469 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_12 |isbn=978-3-030-05842-5}}
* {{cite report |ref={{harvid|ICCT|2019}} |first1=J. |last1=Miller |first2=L. |last2=Du |first3=D. |last3=Kodjak |title=Impacts of World-Class Vehicle Efficiency and Emissions Regulations in Select G20 Countries |url=https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_G20-briefing-paper_Jan2017_vF.pdf |publisher=The International Council on Clean Transportation |location=Washington, D.C. |year=2017}}
* {{cite book |title=Copenhagen 2009: Failure or final wake-up call for our leaders? EV 49 |last=Müller |first=Benito |date=February 2010 |publisher=[[Oxford Institute for Energy Studies]] |isbn=978-1-907555-04-6 |page=i |url=https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/EV49-Copenhagen2009Failureorfinalwake-upcallforourleaders-BenitoMuller-2010.pdf |access-date=18 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710081944/https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/EV49-Copenhagen2009Failureorfinalwake-upcallforourleaders-BenitoMuller-2010.pdf |archive-date=10 July 2017 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite report |title=Understanding and responding to climate change: Highlights of National Academies Reports, 2008 edition |author=National Academies |year=2008 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |url=http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/booklets/climate_change_2008_final.pdf |access-date=9 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011182257/http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/booklets/climate_change_2008_final.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2017}}
* {{cite report |author=National Research Council |year=2012 |title=Climate Change: Evidence, Impacts, and Choices |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/download/14673 |access-date=21 November 2023}}
* {{cite book |last1=Newell |first1=Peter |title=Climate for Change: Non-State Actors and the Global Politics of the Greenhouse |date=14 December 2006 |access-date=30 July 2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ing21MGmh5UC |isbn=978-0-521-02123-4}}
* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|NOAA|2017}} |author=NOAA |url=https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/techrpt83_Global_and_Regional_SLR_Scenarios_for_the_US_final.pdf |title=January 2017 analysis from NOAA: Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States |access-date=7 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218140625/https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/techrpt83_Global_and_Regional_SLR_Scenarios_for_the_US_final.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2017 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last1=Olivier |first1=J. G. J. |last2=Peters |first2=J. A. H. W. |year=2019 |title=Trends in global CO2 and total greenhouse gas emissions |publisher=PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency |url=https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/pbl-2020-trends-in-global-co2-and-total-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2019-report_4068.pdf |place=The Hague}}
* {{cite book |chapter=The scientific consensus on climate change: How do we know we're not wrong? |last1=Oreskes |first1=Naomi |author1-link=Naomi Oreskes |title=Climate Change: What It Means for Us, Our Children, and Our Grandchildren |editor-last1=DiMento |editor-first1=Joseph F. C. |editor-last2=Doughman |editor-first2=Pamela M. |publisher=The MIT Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-262-54193-0}}
* {{cite book |title=Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming |date=2010 |last1=Oreskes |first1=Naomi |first2=Erik |last2=Conway |publisher=Bloomsbury Press |edition=first |isbn=978-1-59691-610-4}}
* {{Cite report |ref={{harvid|Pew|2015}} |author=Pew Research Center |date=November 2015 |title=Global Concern about Climate Change, Broad Support for Limiting Emissions |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/11/Pew-Research-Center-Climate-Change-Report-FINAL-November-5-2015.pdf |access-date=5 August 2021}}
* {{cite book |author=REN21 |year=2020 |title=Renewables 2020 Global Status Report |url=https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/gsr_2020_full_report_en.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=REN21 Secretariat |isbn=978-3-948393-00-7}}
* {{cite book |date=13 April 2005 |author=Royal Society |title=Economic Affairs – Written Evidence |series=The Economics of Climate Change, the Second Report of the 2005–2006 session, produced by the UK Parliament House of Lords Economics Affairs Select Committee |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldeconaf/12/12we24.htm |publisher=UK Parliament |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113084025/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldeconaf/12/12we24.htm |archive-date=13 November 2011 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |title=Global trends in climate change litigation: 2019 snapshot |last1=Setzer |first1=Joana |last2=Byrnes |first2=Rebecca |date=July 2019 |publisher=the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/GRI_Global-trends-in-climate-change-litigation-2019-snapshot.pdf |location=London}}
* {{cite report |ref={{harvid|NREL|2017}} |last1=Steinberg |first1=D. |last2=Bielen |first2=D. |last3=Eichman |first3=J. |last4=Eurek |first4=K. |last5=Logan |first5=J. |last6=Mai |first6=T. |last7=McMillan |first7=C. |last8=Parker |first8=A. |display-authors=2 |title=Electrification & Decarbonization: Exploring U.S. Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Scenarios with Widespread Electrification and Power Sector Decarbonization |publisher=National Renewable Energy Laboratory |date=July 2017 |location=Golden, Colorado |url=https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/68214.pdf}}
* {{cite book |editor-first1=Sven |editor-last1=Teske |title=Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals |date=2019 |ref={{harvid|Teske, ed.|2019}} |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2 |isbn=978-3-030-05842-5 |url=https://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=search&query=rid:43952}}
* {{cite book |last1=Teske |first1=Sven |last2=Pregger |first2=Thomas |last3=Naegler |first3=Tobias |last4=Simon |first4=Sonja |last5=Pagenkopf |first5=Johannes |last6=Van Den Adel |first6=Bent |last7=Deniz |first7=Özcan |title=Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals |chapter=Energy Scenario Results |date=2019 |pages=175–401 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_8 |isbn=978-3-030-05842-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=Teske |first1=Sven |title=Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals |chapter=Trajectories for a Just Transition of the Fossil Fuel Industry |date=2019 |pages=403–411 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_9 |isbn=978-3-030-05842-5}}
* {{cite report |author=UN FAO |year=2016 |title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. How are the world's forests changing? |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4793e.pdf#page=11 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn=978-92-5-109283-5 |access-date=1 December 2019}}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|United Nations Environment Programme|2019}} |publisher=United Nations Environment Programme |year=2019 |title=Emissions Gap Report 2019 |url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/30797/EGR2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |location=Nairobi |isbn=978-92-807-3766-0}}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|United Nations Environment Programme|2024}} |publisher=United Nations Environment Programme |year=2024 |title=Emissions Gap Report 2024 |url=https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2024 |location=Nairobi |isbn=978-92-807-4185-8}}
* {{cite book |author=UNEP |year=2018 |title=The Adaptation Gap Report 2018 |location=Nairobi, Kenya |url=https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/adaptation-gap-report |isbn=978-92-807-3728-8 |publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)}}
* {{cite conference |year=1992 |author=UNFCCC |author-link=UNFCCC |title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf}}
<!-- ## -->
* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Kyoto Protocol|1997}} |date=1997 |author=UNFCCC |title=Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |publisher=United Nations |url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.html}}
<!-- ## -->
<!-- Example: Decision 2/CP.15 in {{harvnb|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009|loc=}} -->
<!-- Cite by paragraph, as page numbering is variable. -->
* {{cite conference |ref={{harvid|UNFCCC: Copenhagen|2009}} |date=30 March 2010 |author=UNFCCC |chapter=Decision 2/CP.15: Copenhagen Accord |title=Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteenth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009 |id=FCCC/CP/2009/11/Add.1 |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |chapter-url=http://unfccc.int/documentation/documents/advanced_search/items/3594.php?rec=j&priref=600005735#beg |access-date=17 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430005322/https://unfccc.int/documentation/documents/advanced_search/items/3594.php?rec=j&priref=600005735#beg |archive-date=30 April 2010 |url-status=live}}
<!-- ## -->
* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Paris Agreement|2015}} |date=2015 |author=UNFCCC |title=Paris Agreement |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf}}
<!-- ## -->
* {{cite report |ref={{harvid|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021}} |author=UNFCCC |date=26 February 2021 |title=Nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement Synthesis report by the secretariat |url=https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cma2021_02E.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]]}}
<!-- ## -->
* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|UNHCR|2011}} |title=Climate Change and the Risk of Statelessness: The Situation of Low-lying Island States |last=Park |first=Susin |date=May 2011 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/4df9cb0c9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502223251/http://www.unhcr.org/4df9cb0c9.pdf |archive-date=2 May 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2012}}
* {{cite report |author=United States Environmental Protection Agency |year=2016 |title=Methane and Black Carbon Impacts on the Arctic: Communicating the Science |url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/arctic-methane-blackcarbon_communicating-the-science.pdf |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908064227/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/arctic-methane-blackcarbon_communicating-the-science.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2017 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Vautard |first1=Robert |last2=van Aalst |first2=Maarten |last3=Boucher |first3=Olivier |last4=Drouin |first4=Agathe |last5=Haustein |first5=Karsten |last6=Kreienkamp |first6=Frank |last7=van Oldenborgh |first7=Geert Jan |last8=Otto |first8=Friederike E L |last9=Ribes |first9=Aurélien |last10=Robin |first10=Yoann |last11=Schneider |first11=Michel |last12=Soubeyroux |first12=Jean-Michel |last13=Stott |first13=Peter |last14=Seneviratne |first14=Sonia I |last15=Vogel |first15=Martha M |last16=Wehner |first16=Michael |title=Human contribution to the record-breaking June and July 2019 heatwaves in Western Europe |journal=Environmental Research Letters |date=7 September 2020 |volume=15 |issue=9 |pages=094077 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aba3d4 |bibcode=2020ERL....15i4077V }}
* {{cite book |ref=none |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=October 2008 |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |edition=2nd |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-03189-0 |url=http://history.aip.org/climate/reviews.htm |access-date=16 June 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118000413/http://history.aip.org/climate/reviews.htm |archive-date=18 November 2016}}
* {{cite book |ref=none |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=February 2019 |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |edition=online |url=http://history.aip.org/climate/index.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618075616/http://history.aip.org/climate/index.htm |archive-date=18 June 2020 |author-link=Spencer R. Weart}}
** {{citation |ref={{harvid|Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/co2.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191800/http://history.aip.org/climate/co2.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live}}
** {{citation |ref=none |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191711/http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live}}
*** {{citation |ref={{harvid|Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change: Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969) |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm#S2 |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191711/http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm#S2 |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live}}
** {{citation |ref={{harvid|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last1=Weart |first1=Spencer |date=January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change (cont. – since 1980) |chapter-url=https://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191659/http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live}}
*** {{citation |ref={{harvid|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |first=Spencer |last=Weart |date=January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988 |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#S1988 |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191659/http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#S1988 |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite report |ref={{harvid|World Bank, June|2019}} |title=State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2019 |url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/191801559846379845/pdf/State-and-Trends-of-Carbon-Pricing-2019.pdf |date=June 2019 |publisher=World Bank |location=Washington, D.C. |doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-1435-8 |hdl=10986/29687 |isbn=978-1-4648-1435-8 |hdl-access=free}}
*{{cite report |ref={{harvid|World Economic Forum|2024}} |author=World Economic Forum |title=Quantifying the Impact of Climate Change on Human Health |year=2024 |url=https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Quantifying_the_Impact_of_Climate_Change_on_Human_Health_2024.pdf}}
* {{Cite report |ref={{harvid|WHO|2016}} |author=World Health Organization |year=2016 |title=Ambient air pollution: a global assessment of exposure and burden of disease |location=Geneva, Switzerland |isbn=978-92-4-151135-3 |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1061179/retrieve}}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|WHO|2018}} |publisher=World Health Organization |title=COP24 Special Report Health and Climate Change |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276405/9789241514972-eng.pdf?ua=1 |year=2018 |location=Geneva |isbn=978-92-4-151497-2}}
* {{cite report |ref={{harvid|WMO SAOD|2022}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |author=[[World Meteorological Organization]] |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]] |title=Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion |url=https://csl.noaa.gov/assessments/ozone/2022/downloads/2022OzoneAssessment.pdf |series=GAW Report No. 278 |isbn=978-9914-733-99-0 |year=2022 |location=Geneva}}
** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|WMO SAOD Executive Summary|2022}} |author=[[World Meteorological Organization]] |title={{Harvnb|WMO SAOD|2022}} |chapter-url=https://csl.noaa.gov/assessments/ozone/2022/downloads/executivesummary.pdf |year=2022 |chapter=Executive Summary}}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|WMO|2024a}} |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]] |title=WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2023 |url=https://library.wmo.int/viewer/68835/download?file=1347_Global-statement-2023_en.pdf&type=pdf&navigator=1 |year=2024 |location=Geneva |series=WMO-No. 1347 |isbn=978-92-63-11347-4}}
* {{cite report |ref={{harvid|WMO|2024b}} |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]] |title=WMO Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update: 2024-2028 |url=https://library.wmo.int/viewer/68910/download?file=WMO_GADCU_2024-2028_en.pdf&type=pdf&navigator=1 |year=2024 |location=Geneva}}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|World Resources Institute, December|2019}} |publisher=World Resources Institute |date=December 2019 |title=Creating a Sustainable Food Future: A Menu of Solutions to Feed Nearly 10 Billion People by 2050 |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/wrr-food-full-report.pdf |isbn=978-1-56973-953-2}}
{{refend}}
==== Non-technical sources ====
{{refbegin|30em}}
* ''[[Associated Press]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}} |url=https://www.apstylebook.com/blog_posts/4 |title=An addition to AP Stylebook entry on global warming |last=Colford |first=Paul |date=22 September 2015 |website=AP Style Blog |access-date=6 November 2019}}
* ''[[BBC]]''
** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|BBC, 1 May|2019}} |date=1 May 2019 |title=UK Parliament declares climate change emergency |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48126677 |access-date=30 June 2019}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}} |last=Rigby |first=Sara |date=3 February 2020 |title=Climate change: should we change the terminology? |website=BBC Science Focus Magazine |url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/climate-change-should-we-change-the-terminology/ |access-date=24 March 2020}}
* ''[[Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]]''
** {{cite news |last1=Stover |first1=Dawn |title=The global warming 'hiatus' |url=https://thebulletin.org/2014/09/the-global-warming-hiatus/ |work=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |date=23 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711032006/https://thebulletin.org/2014/09/the-global-warming-hiatus/ |archive-date=11 July 2020 |url-status=live}}
* ''[[Carbon Brief]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Carbon Brief, 4 Jan|2017}} |date=4 January 2017 |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |title=Clean energy: The challenge of achieving a 'just transition' for workers |website=Carbon Brief |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/clean-energy-the-challenge-of-achieving-a-just-transition-for-workers |access-date=18 May 2020}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}} |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/billions-face-deadly-threshold-heat-extremes-2100-study/ |title=Billions to face 'deadly threshold' of heat extremes by 2100, finds study |last=McSweeney |first=Robert M. |date=19 June 2017 |website=Carbon Brief}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Carbon Brief, 21 November|2017}} |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=21 November 2017 |title=Explainer: Why a UN climate deal on HFCs matters |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters |access-date=10 January 2021 |url-status=live |website=Carbon Brief |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501225407/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters/}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018}} |date=15 January 2018 |last1=McSweeney |first1=Robert M. |last2=Hausfather |first2=Zeke |title=Q&A: How do climate models work? |website=Carbon Brief |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work |access-date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004530/https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work |archive-date=5 March 2019 |url-status=live}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}} |date=19 April 2018 |last1=Hausfather |first1=Zeke |title=Explainer: How 'Shared Socioeconomic Pathways' explore future climate change |website=Carbon Brief |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-how-shared-socioeconomic-pathways-explore-future-climate-change |access-date=20 July 2019}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Carbon Brief, 8 October|2018}} |date=8 October 2018 |last1=Hausfather |first1=Zeke |title=Analysis: Why the IPCC 1.5C report expanded the carbon budget |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-why-the-ipcc-1-5c-report-expanded-the-carbon-budget |access-date=28 July 2020 |website=Carbon Brief}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}} |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/media-reaction-australias-bushfires-and-climate-change |title=Media reaction: Australia's bushfires and climate change |last1=Dunne |first1=Daisy |last2=Gabbatiss |first2=Josh |last3=McSweeney |first3=Robert |date=7 January 2020 |website=Carbon Brief |access-date=11 January 2020}}
** {{cite web |ref={{Harvid|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}} |last=McSweeney |first=Robert |title=Nine Tipping Points That Could Be Triggered by Climate Change |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/ |website=Carbon Brief |date=10 February 2020 |access-date=27 May 2022 |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007002119/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/ |url-status=live}}
** {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Carbon Brief, 16 October|2021}} |last1=Gabbatiss |first1=Josh |last2=Tandon |first2=Ayesha |date=4 October 2021 |title=In-depth Q&A: What is 'climate justice'? |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-what-is-climate-justice |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}} |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-how-low-sulphur-shipping-rules-are-affecting-global-warming/ |title=Analysis: How low-sulphur shipping rules are affecting global warming |last1=Hausfather |first1=Zeke |last2=Forster |first2=Piers |author-link2=Piers Forster |date=3 July 2023 |website=Carbon Brief |access-date=2 November 2024}}
* ''[[Climate.gov]]''
** {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}} |last=Lindsey |first=Rebecca |title=Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide |website=Climate.gov |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624204311/http://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide |archive-date=24 June 2013 |date=23 June 2022 |access-date=7 May 2023}}
* ''[[Deutsche Welle]]''
** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Deutsche Welle, 22 June|2019}} |last1=Ruiz |first1=Irene Banos |title=Climate Action: Can We Change the Climate From the Grassroots Up? |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/climate-action-grassroots-2638915946.html |access-date=23 June 2019 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=22 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623124154/https://www.ecowatch.com/climate-action-grassroots-2638915946.html |archive-date=23 June 2019 |url-status=live}}
* ''[[EPA]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|EPA|2016}} |title=Myths vs. Facts: Denial of Petitions for Reconsideration of the Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |date=10 September 2020 |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/myths-vs-facts-denial-petitions-reconsideration-endangerment-and-cause-or-contribute |access-date=7 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523211147/https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/myths-vs-facts-denial-petitions-reconsideration-endangerment-and-cause-or-contribute |archive-date=23 May 2021}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|EPA|2019}} |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data |title=Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |date=10 September 2024 |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218125157/https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data |archive-date=18 February 2020}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|EPA|2020}} |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases |title=Overview of Greenhouse Gases |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |date=11 April 2024 |access-date=15 September 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009203854/https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases}}
* ''[[EUobserver]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|EUobserver, 20 December|2009}} |date=20 December 2009 |title=Copenhagen failure 'disappointing', 'shameful' |website=EUobserver |access-date=12 April 2019 |url=https://euobserver.com/environment/29181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412092312/https://euobserver.com/environment/29181 |archive-date=12 April 2019 |url-status=live}}
* ''[[European Parliament]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|European Parliament, February|2020}} |date=February 2020 |first=M. |last=Ciucci |title=Renewable Energy |website=European Parliament |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/70/renewable-energy |access-date=3 June 2020}}
* ''[[The Guardian]]''<!--
|issn=0261-3077 - not needed, nor location.
The parameters for harvid should match the first two parameters used in harvnb for the short-cite in the text. -->
** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Guardian, 19 March|2019}} |last=Carrington |first=Damian |date=19 March 2019 |title=School climate strikes: 1.4 million people took part, say campaigners |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/19/school-climate-strikes-more-than-1-million-took-part-say-campaigners-greta-thunberg |access-date=12 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320122303/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/19/school-climate-strikes-more-than-1-million-took-part-say-campaigners-greta-thunberg |archive-date=20 March 2019 |url-status=live}}
** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Guardian, 28 November|2019}} |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/28/eu-parliament-declares-climate-emergency |title='Our house is on fire': EU parliament declares climate emergency |last=Rankin |first=Jennifer |date=28 November 2019 |work=The Guardian |access-date=28 November 2019}}
** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}} |last=Watts |first=Jonathan |date=19 February 2020 |title=Oil and gas firms 'have had far worse climate impact than thought' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/feb/19/oil-gas-industry-far-worse-climate-impact-than-thought-fossil-fuels-methane |newspaper=The Guardian}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|The Guardian, 28 October|2020}} |date=28 October 2020 |last=McCurry |first=Justin |title=South Korea vows to go carbon neutral by 2050 to fight climate emergency |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/28/south-korea-vows-to-go-carbon-neutral-by-2050-to-fight-climate-emergency |access-date=6 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}
* ''[[International Energy Agency]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}} |title=Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020 |website=IEA |date=9 December 2020 |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/projected-costs-of-generating-electricity-2020 |access-date=4 April 2022}}
* ''[[NASA]]''
** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|NASA, 28 May|2013}} |year=2013 |title=Arctic amplification |publisher=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/927/arctic-amplification |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731054007/https://climate.nasa.gov/news/927/arctic-amplification/ |archive-date=31 July 2018 |url-status=live}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|NASA, 5 December|2008}} |date=5 December 2008 |last=Conway |first=Erik M. |author-link=Erik M. Conway |title=What's in a Name? Global Warming vs. Climate Change |publisher=NASA |url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/climate_by_any_other_name.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809221926/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/climate_by_any_other_name.html |archive-date=9 August 2010}}
** {{cite web |date=January 2016 |last1=Shaftel |first1=Holly |title=What's in a name? Weather, global warming and climate change |website=NASA Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928145703/https://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming/ |archive-date=28 September 2018}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|NASA, 7 July|2020}} |date=7 July 2020 |editor-last=Shaftel |editor-first=Holly |editor2-last=Jackson |editor2-first=Randal |editor3-last=Callery |editor3-first=Susan |editor4-last=Bailey |editor4-first=Daniel |title=Overview: Weather, Global Warming and Climate Change |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming-vs-climate-change |access-date=14 July 2020 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet}}
* ''[[National Conference of State Legislators]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April|2020}} |date=17 April 2020 |title=State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals |website=National Conference of State Legislators |url=https://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx |access-date=3 June 2020}}
* ''[[National Geographic]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}} |last=Welch |first=Craig |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/08/arctic-permafrost-is-thawing-it-could-speed-up-climate-change-feature/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190814144104/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/08/arctic-permafrost-is-thawing-it-could-speed-up-climate-change-feature/ |archive-date=14 August 2019 |title=Arctic permafrost is thawing fast. That affects us all. |date=13 August 2019 |website=National Geographic |access-date=25 August 2019}}
* ''[[National Science Digital Library]]''
** {{cite web |first=James R. |last=Fleming |title=Climate Change and Anthropogenic Greenhouse Warming: A Selection of Key Articles, 1824–1995, with Interpretive Essays |website=National Science Digital Library Project Archive PALE:ClassicArticles |date=17 March 2008 |url=https://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming.html |access-date=7 October 2019}}
* ''[[Natural Resources Defense Council]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Natural Resources Defense Council, 29 September|2017}} |date=29 September 2017 |title=What Is the Clean Power Plan? |website=Natural Resources Defense Council |url=https://www.nrdc.org/stories/how-clean-power-plan-works-and-why-it-matters |access-date=3 August 2020}}
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** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|The New York Times, 25 May|2015}} |title=Paris Can't Be Another Copenhagen |work=The New York Times |last=Rudd |first=Kevin |date=25 May 2015 |access-date=26 May 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/26/opinion/kevin-rudd-paris-cant-be-another-copenhagen.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203110636/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/26/opinion/kevin-rudd-paris-cant-be-another-copenhagen.html |archive-date=3 February 2018 |url-status=live}}
* ''[[NOAA]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|NOAA, 10 July|2011}} |date=10 July 2011 |author=NOAA |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/polar-opposites-arctic-and-antarctic |title=Polar Opposites: the Arctic and Antarctic |access-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222152103/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/polar-opposites-arctic-and-antarctic |archive-date=22 February 2019}}
** {{cite web |first=Amara |last=Huddleston |title=Happy 200th birthday to Eunice Foote, hidden climate science pioneer |website=NOAA Climate.gov |date=17 July 2019 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724162706/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer |archive-date=24 July 2019 |access-date=8 October 2019}}
* ''[[Our World in Data]]''
** {{cite journal |date=15 January 2018 |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |author1-link=Hannah Ritchie |last2=Roser |first2=Max |author2-link=Max Roser |title=Land Use |journal=Our World in Data |url=https://ourworldindata.org/land-use |access-date=1 December 2019}}
** {{cite web |date=18 September 2020 |ref={{harvid|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}} |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |title=Sector by sector: where do global greenhouse gas emissions come from? |website=Our World in Data |url=https://ourworldindata.org/ghg-emissions-by-sector |access-date=28 October 2020}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}} |date=2022 |last1=Roser |first1=Max |title=Why did renewables become so cheap so fast? |website=Our World in Data |url=https://ourworldindata.org/cheap-renewables-growth |access-date=4 April 2022}}
* ''[[Pew Research Center]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Pew|2020}} |first1=Moira |last1=Fagan |first2=Christine |last2=Huang |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=16 October 2020 |title=Many globally are as concerned about climate change as about the spread of infectious diseases |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/10/16/many-globally-are-as-concerned-about-climate-change-as-about-the-spread-of-infectious-diseases/ |access-date=19 August 2021}}
* ''[[Politico]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Politico, 11 December|2019}} |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/the-commissions-green-deal-plan-unveiled/ |title=Europe's Green Deal plan unveiled |last1=Tamma |first1=Paola |last2=Schaart |first2=Eline |date=11 December 2019 |website=Politico |access-date=29 December 2019 |last3=Gurzu |first3=Anca}}
* ''[[RIVM]]''
** {{cite AV media |ref={{harvid|RIVM|2016}} |date=11 October 2016 |title=Documentary Sea Blind |medium=Dutch Television |language=nl |url=http://www.rivm.nl/en/Documents_and_publications/Common_and_Present/Newsmessages/2016/Documentary_Sea_Blind_on_Dutch_Television |access-date=26 February 2019 |publisher=RIVM: Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817055817/https://www.rivm.nl/en/Documents_and_publications/Common_and_Present/Newsmessages/2016/Documentary_Sea_Blind_on_Dutch_Television |archive-date=17 August 2018 |url-status=live}}
* ''[[Salon (website)|Salon]]''
** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Salon, 25 September|2019}} |first=Evelyn |last=Leopold |title=How leaders planned to avert climate catastrophe at the UN (while Trump hung out in the basement) |url=https://www.salon.com/2019/09/25/how-serious-people-planned-to-avert-climate-catastrophe-at-the-un-while-trump-hung-out-in-the-basement_partner/ |date=25 September 2019 |website=Salon |access-date=20 November 2019}}
* ''[[ScienceBlogs]]''
** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Gleick, 7 January|2017}} |last1=Gleick |first1=Peter |title=Statements on Climate Change from Major Scientific Academies, Societies, and Associations (January 2017 update) |date=7 January 2017 |access-date=2 April 2020 |url=https://scienceblogs.com/significantfigures/index.php/2017/01/07/statements-on-climate-change-from-major-scientific-academies-societies-and-associations-january-2017-update |work=ScienceBlogs}}
* ''[[Scientific American]]''
** {{cite magazine |ref={{harvid|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}} |title=Indian Monsoons Are Becoming More Extreme |last=Ogburn |first=Stephanie Paige |date=29 April 2014 |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/indian-monsoons-are-becoming-more-extreme/ |magazine=Scientific American |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622193126/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/indian-monsoons-are-becoming-more-extreme/ |archive-date=22 June 2018 |url-status=live}}
* ''[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}} |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/studying-climate-past-essential-preparing-todays-rapidly-changing-climate-180959595/ |title=Studying the Climate of the Past Is Essential for Preparing for Today's Rapidly Changing Climate |last=Wing |first=Scott L. |website=Smithsonian |access-date=8 November 2019 |date=29 June 2016}}
* ''The Sustainability Consortium''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}} |website=The Sustainability Consortium |date=13 September 2018 |url=https://www.sustainabilityconsortium.org/2018/09/one-fourth-of-global-forest-loss-permanent-deforestation-is-not-slowing-down/ |title=One-Fourth of Global Forest Loss Permanent: Deforestation Is Not Slowing Down |access-date=1 December 2019}}
* ''[[UNFCCC]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|UNFCCC, "What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences?"}} |title=What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences? |website=UNFCCC |access-date=12 May 2019 |url=https://unfccc.int/process/conferences/what-are-united-nations-climate-change-conferences |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512084017/https://unfccc.int/process/conferences/what-are-united-nations-climate-change-conferences |archive-date=12 May 2019 |url-status=live}}
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}} |title=What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change? |website=UNFCCC |url=https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-convention/what-is-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change}}
* ''[[Union of Concerned Scientists]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}} |date=8 January 2017 |title=Carbon Pricing 101 |website=Union of Concerned Scientists |url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/carbon-pricing-101 |access-date=15 May 2020}}
* ''[[Vice (website)|Vice]]''
** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Vice, 2 May|2019}} |website=Vice |last1=Segalov |first1=Michael |title=The UK Has Declared a Climate Emergency: What Now? |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/uk-climate-emergency-what-does-it-mean/ |access-date=30 June 2019 |date=2 May 2019}}
* ''[[The Verge]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|The Verge, 27 December|2019}} |title=2019 was the year of 'climate emergency' declarations |last=Calma |first=Justine |date=27 December 2019 |website=The Verge |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/27/21038949/climate-change-2019-emergency-declaration |access-date=28 March 2020}}
* ''[[Vox (website)|Vox]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Vox, 20 September|2019}} |last1=Roberts |first1=D. |date=20 September 2019 |title=Getting to 100% renewables requires cheap energy storage. But how cheap? |website=Vox |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/8/9/20767886/renewable-energy-storage-cost-electricity |access-date=28 May 2020}}
* ''[[World Health Organization]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|WHO, Nov|2023}} |date=3 November 2023 |title=We must fight one of the world's biggest health threats: climate change |website=World Health Organization |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/we-must-fight-one-of-the-world-s-biggest-health-threats-climate-change |access-date=19 September 2024}}
* ''[[World Resources Institute]]''
** {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}} |date=8 August 2019 |last1=Levin |first1=Kelly |title=How Effective Is Land At Removing Carbon Pollution? The IPCC Weighs In |website=World Resources institute |url=https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/08/how-effective-land-removing-carbon-pollution-ipcc-weighs |access-date=15 May 2020}}
** {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}} |date=8 December 2019 |first1=Frances |last1=Seymour |first2=David |last2=Gibbs |title=Forests in the IPCC Special Report on Land Use: 7 Things to Know |url=https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/08/forests-ipcc-special-report-land-use-7-things-know/ |website=World Resources Institute}}
* ''[[Yale Climate Connections]]''
** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}} |title=Yale Researcher Anthony Leiserowitz on Studying, Communicating with American Public |date=2 November 2010 |last=Peach |first=Sara |publisher=Yale Climate Connections |access-date=30 July 2018 |url=https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2010/11/communicating-with-american-public |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207130823/https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2010/11/communicating-with-american-public/ |archive-date=7 February 2019 |url-status=live}}
{{refend}}
fceyjhxbyn8uhmghgbkkvyhcw4rbexw
Ani Kayode Somtochukwu
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{{Infobox person
| name = Ani Kayode Somtochukwu
| image = Ani Kayode Somtochukwu at an EndSARS protest in 2020.jpg
| caption = Ani Kayode Somtochukwu at an EndSARS protest in 2020
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|2000}}
| citizenship = [[Nigerian]]
| education = [[Enugu State University of Science and Technology]]
| occupation = [[Writer]]
| organization = Queer Union For Economic and Social Transformation
| known_for = [[And Then He Sang a Lullaby]]
| awards = [[Edmund White Award]]
| website =
}}
'''Ani Kayode Somtochukwu''' (tí a bí ní ọdún 2000) jẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé ọmọ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ní ọdún 2023, nígbà tí ó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlélógún, ó tẹ ìwé àròsọ LGBTQ+ àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ jáde, ''ti a mọ́ sì And Then He Sang A Lullaby''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-26 |title=Book Review: And Then He Sang A Lullaby by Ani Kayode Somtochukwu |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/09/26/book-review-and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby-by-ani-kayode-somtochukwu |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=cyprus-mail.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=Elizabeth A. |date=2023-06-05 |title=A ‘Lucky Child’ Writes His Way From Nigeria to the Global Stage |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/05/books/ani-kayode-somtochukwu-and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby.html |access-date=2026-06-03 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Ìwé àròsọ náà gba ẹ̀bùn àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Edmund White Award fún Ìtàn Àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Edmund White Award for Debut Fiction |url=https://publishingtriangle.org/awards/edmund-white-debut-fiction/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=The Publishing Triangle |language=en-US}}</ref> Ìwé Roxane Gay ni ó tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde, Cassava Republic àti Narrative Landscape ní wọ́n ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ìwé náà ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=And Then He Sang a Lullaby |url=https://groveatlantic.com/book/and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Grove Atlantic |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Report |first=The Africa |date=2023-05-26 |title=Nigeria: Cassava Republic presents ‘And Then He Sang a Lullaby’ |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/310708/nigeria-cassava-republic-presents-and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=The Africa Report |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-03 |title=Narrative Landscape Press Makes Two Major Acquisitions! |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2026/02/narrative-landscape-press-makes-two-major-acquisitions/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ìgbésí ayé àti ẹ̀kọ́ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Ani lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ tí Command's School Awkunaw ní [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu|ìlú Enugu]] kí ó tó lọ sí ilé ẹ̀kọ́ tí Union Secondary School. Lẹ́yìn ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ àti girama rẹ̀, wọ́n sì gbà wọlé gẹ́gẹ́bíi akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ [[Enugu State University of Science and Technology|University of Science and Technology ti ìlú Enugu]] nígbà tí wọ́n fọwọ́ sí òfin ìgbéyàwó ọkùnrin àti obìnrin kan náà ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ìmọ̀ nípa bí nǹkan ṣe rí àti ìmọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Cole |first=Timinepre |date=2022-04-14 |title=Ani Kayode Dreams an Ideological World for Queer folks in his Debut Novel - And Then He Sang A Lullaby |url=https://therustintimes.com/2022/04/14/ani-kayode-dreams-an-ideological-world-for-queer-folks-in-his-debut-novel-and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=The Rustin Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni ==
Ó ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́bíi òǹkọ̀wé láti ọdún 2015. Ani ti sọ̀rọ̀ nípa ìrírí ìfìyàjẹni láti ìgbà èwe rẹ̀ nít'orí pé wọ́n kà á sí obìnrin. Ó pè é ní alábàáṣepọ̀.<ref name=":2"/>
== Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ ==
Ani bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ ìwé àròsọ àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, ''And Then He Sang a Lullaby'', ní ọdún 2018 ó sì tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní ọdún 2023. Nígbà tí ó ń ṣàlàyé ìwé àròsọ náà, Grove Atlantic pè é ní “ohun tó ń múni ronú jinlẹ̀ àti ohun tó ń múni ronú jinlẹ̀,” ó kíyè sí bí ó ṣe ń ṣe ìwádìí lórí iye owó ìfẹ́ àti òmìnira nínú àwùjọ àwọn oníbàárà tí wọ́n kórìíra àwọn ọkùnrin àti obìnrin. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ani ti sọ, ó kọ́kọ́ kọ ìwé àròsọ náà sínú ìwé àkọsílẹ̀ kí ó tó tẹ̀ ẹ́ sórí fóònù rẹ̀, nítorí pé owó tí àwọn onímọ̀ṣẹ́ kan fi tẹ̀ ẹ́ jẹ́ ohun tí kò ṣeé gbàgbọ́.
Kí ìwé ìtàn tuntun Ani tó jáde, ó gba ẹ̀bùn James Currey àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2021. Ẹnika Nwelue ló dá ẹ̀bùn náà sílẹ̀. Àwọn ìwé rẹ̀ ti fara hàn nínú àwọn ìwé ìròyìn àti àkójọ ìwé kárí ilé adúláwò, Yúróòpù, Éṣíà àti Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kayode Ani |url=https://akefestival.org/festival/guests/kayode-ani/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Ake Arts and Books Festival |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ani Kayode |url=https://www.afeelgoodbook.com/authors/ani-kayode |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.afeelgoodbook.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-30 |title=A Shrewdness of Apes {{!}} Ani Kayode Somtochukwu |url=https://iselemagazine.com/2026/04/30/a-shrewdness-of-apes-ani-kayode-somtochukwu/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Isele Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ani Kayode Somtochukwu on And Then He Sang a Lullaby with Roxane Gay |url=https://centerforfiction.org/videos/ani-kayode-somtochukwu-on-and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby-with-roxane-gay |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=The Center for Fiction |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Somtochukwu |first=Ani Kayode |date=2025-05-11 |title=‘Writers Have the Obligation of Imagining the Future That Must Be Achieved’ |url=https://rpublc.com/story/2025/05/11/first-draft/first-draft-ani-kayode-somtochukwu |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=The Republic |language=en}}</ref>
== Ìpolongo ==
Ó dá àwùjọ Queer Union for Economic and Social Transformation (QUEST) sílẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LGBTQ+ Nigerians Are Celebrating Pride Month in Defiance of Anti-Gay Law |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/lgbtq-pride-month-nigeria-2022-anti-gay-law/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2022, ó ṣe aṣáájú ohun tí a ti ṣàpèjúwe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìfẹ̀hónúhàn LGBTQ+ àkọ́kọ́ ní gbangba ní ìlú Àbújá.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EditorialBoard |date=2022-05-07 |title=Queer Lives Matter |url=https://socialistworkersleague.org/2022/05/07/queer-lives-matter/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Socialist Workers League |language=en-GB |archive-date=2025-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006143826/https://socialistworkersleague.org/2022/05/07/queer-lives-matter/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stewart |first=Colin |date=2022-05-05 |title=Queer Nigerians protest proposed anti-trans ‘cross-dressing’ ban |url=https://76crimes.com/2022/05/05/queer-nigerians-protest-proposed-anti-trans-cross-dressing-ban/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wọ́n ṣètò ìfẹ̀hónúhàn náà ní ìdáhùn sí òfin kan tí wọ́n gbèrò láti fòfin de ṣiṣẹ́ bí obìnrin fún ọkùnrin àti ṣíṣe bí ọkùnrin fún obìnrin ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ani nínú ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò kàn pẹ̀lú The Pink News sọ ariwoye rẹ nípa àwọn àbájáde òfin náà, ó fìdí rẹ múlè wípé ìyọ̀ǹda rẹ̀ lè fi àwọn ènìyàn tí kò bá obìnrin mu àti LGBTQ+ léwu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelleher |first=Patrick |date=2022-05-03 |title=Queer Nigerians stage defiant protest as government tries to ban ‘crossdressing’ |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/05/03/nigeria-lgbt-trans-crossdressing-bill/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=PinkNews {{!}} Latest lesbian, gay, bi and trans news {{!}} LGBTQ+ news |language=en-US}}</ref>
Ó gbàgbọ́ pé ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn onímọ̀-ẹ̀yà ni ojútùú kan ṣoṣo tó lè wà fún àìnídùn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mintrose |first=Adebayo Quadry-Adekanbi, Marcie |date=2023-08-12 |title=“Queer liberation is the only sustainable solution”: A conversation with Ani Kayode Somtochukwu |url=https://shado-mag.com/articles/opinion/queer-liberation-is-the-only-sustainable-solution-a-conversation-with-ani-kayode-somtochukwu/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Shado Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Àwọn àmì-ẹ̀yẹ==
* 2020 Nigeria Prize for Difference and Diversity<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-10-10 |title=From Queer Rights to Gender Activists, Here are finalists for The Nigeria Prize for Difference & Diversity |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/10/finalists-for-the-nigeria-prize-for-difference-and-diversity/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=minorityafrica.co |date=2020-07-01 |title=The Nigeria Prize for Difference and Diversity launches today - Minority Africa |url=https://minorityafrica.org/the-nigeria-prize-for-difference-and-diversity-launches-today/,%20https://minorityafrica.org/the-nigeria-prize-for-difference-and-diversity-launches-today/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* 2021 James Currey Prize for African Literature - '''WON'''
* Summer/Fall 2023 Indies Introduce selection<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-31 |title=An Indies Introduce Q&A with Ani Kayode Somtochukwu |url=https://www.bookweb.org/news/indies-introduce-qa-ani-kayode-somtochukwu-1629549 |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=the American Booksellers Association}}</ref>
* 2023 Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA) Prose Prize - '''SHORTLIST'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Association of Nigerian Authors |url=https://ananigeria.org/prizes |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=ananigeria.org}}</ref>
* 2023 NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Debut Fiction - '''NOMINEE'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ani Kayode {{!}} Author {{!}} LibraryThing |url=https://www.librarything.com/a/20735537/Ani-Kayode |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=LibraryThing.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 2023 INDIES Book of the Year Award (Literary Fiction)<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 Foreword INDIES Winners in Literary (Adult Fiction) |url=https://www.forewordreviews.com/awards/winners/2023/literary/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.forewordreviews.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* 2023 Brittle Paper: The Notable African Books of the Year<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-30 |title=Announcing Brittle Paper's 100 Notable African Books of 2023! |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/11/announcing-brittle-papers-100-notable-african-books-of-2023/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2024 Edmund White Award for debut fiction - '''WON'''<ref name=":0" />
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
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[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkọ̀wé ará Nàìjíríà]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 2000]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
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{{short description|Yíyí igbó padà sí ohun tí kì í ṣe igbó fún lílò ọmọ ènìyàn}}
{{redirect|Forest clearing|àlàfo nínú igbó|Glade (geography)}}
{{redirect|Deforest|àwọn lílò míràn|DeForest (disambiguation)}}
{{for|"ìparun igbó" nínú ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì kọ̀ǹpútà|Deforestation (computer science)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=oṣù Kẹfà 2020}}
{{owidslider
|start = 2020
|list = Template:OWID/Annual deforestation#gallery
|location = commons
|caption =
|title =
|language =
|file = [[File:Annual deforestation, World, 2020 (cropped).svg|link=|thumb|upright=1.6|right|Ìparun igbó ọlọ́dọọdún]]
|startingView = World
}}
[[File:Operação Hymenaea, Julho-2016 (29399454651).jpg|thumb|[[Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest|Ìparun igbó kìjikìji Amazon]] ní ìpínlẹ̀ [[Maranhão]] ti orílẹ̀-èdè Brazil, 2016]]
[[File:Riau palm oil 2007.jpg|thumb|Ìparun igbó ní ẹkùn Riau, Sumatra, ní [[Indonesia]] láti pèsè ààyè fún ọgbà [[oil palm|igi ọ̀pẹ]] ní 2007.]]
[[File:Hillside deforestation in Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Ìparun igbó ní ìlú Rio de Janeiro ní ìpínlẹ̀ [[Rio de Janeiro]] ti orílẹ̀-èdè Brazil, 2009]]
'''Ìparun igbó''' tàbí '''ìfawó igbó''' ni yíyọ àti ìparun [[forest|igbó]] tàbí ọ̀wọ́ àwọn igi kúrò lórí ilẹ̀ tí a wá [[land conversion|yí padà]] fún lílò tí kì í ṣe ti igbó.<ref>[http://dictionaryofforestry.org/dict/term/deforestation SAFnet Dictionary|Ìtumọ̀ fún [deforestation]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725234528/http://dictionaryofforestry.org/dict/term/deforestation|date=Ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Keje 2011}}. Dictionary of forestry.org (Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Keje 2008). A gba wọlé ní Ọjọ́ kẹẹdógún oṣù Kàrún 2011.</ref> Ìparun igbó lè ní nínú yíyí ilẹ̀ igbó padà sí [[farm|oko]], [[ranch|ibùdó ẹran-ọ̀sìn]], tàbí fún lílò [[urban area|ìgboro]]. Ní báyìí, igbó ti bo nǹkan bíi ìdá mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref>[http://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/deforestation Deforestation|Threats|WWF]. Worldwildlife.org. A gba wọlé ní Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù Kọkànlá 2016.</ref> Èyí dín ní ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta sí [[forest cover|ìbòrí igbó]] kí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó fẹ̀ síi, pẹ̀lú ìdajì àdánù yẹn tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀rúndún tó kọjá.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ritchie|first1=Hannah|author1-link=Hannah Ritchie |last2=Roser|first2=Max|author2-link=Max Roser |date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án oṣù Kejì 2021|title=Forests and Deforestation|url=https://ourworldindata.org/forest-area|journal=Our World in Data}}</ref> Ní ìpíndọ́gba, a ń gé igi ẹgbàá lé ní irínwó lulẹ̀ ní ìṣẹ́jú kọ̀ọ̀kan.<ref>{{cite web|title=On Water|url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2020|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣirò yàtọ̀ síra gidigidi nípa bí ìparun igbó ṣe pọ̀ tó ní àwọn [[tropics|ilẹ̀ olóoru]].<ref name=":0">{{cite report |author=Derouin, Sarah |title=Deforestation: Facts, Causes & Effects |publisher=Live Science |date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù Karyun 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Chaudhari |first=P. R. |title=Deforestation in Tropics |publisher=IntechOpen |year=2018 |doi=10.5772/intechopen.79633}}</ref> Ní 2019, fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àpapọ̀ àdánù ìbòrí igi, tàbí hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta ó lé ní ẹgbẹ̀rin-kẹ́rin, ló ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú [[primary forests|igbó kìjikìji]] ilẹ̀ olóoru ọlọ́rinrin. Àwọn wọ̀nyí ni àwọn agbègbè [[rainforest|igbó òjò]] tó ti dàgbà tí ó ṣe pàtàkì púpọ̀ fún [[biodiversity|oríṣìíríṣìí ohun alààyè]] àti [[Carbon sequestration|ìpamọ́ èròjà kábọ́ọ̀nù]].<ref name="Guy-2020">{{cite news |last=Guy |first=Jack |title=Global rainforest destruction increased last year |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/02/world/rainforest-destruction-2019-intl-scli-scn/index.html |work=CNN |date=Ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kẹfà 2020}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite report |title=Global Forest Watch |publisher=World Resources Institute |year=2020 |url=https://www.globalforestwatch.org}}</ref>
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Lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀, ohun pàtàkì tó ń fa púpọ̀ nínú ìparun igbó ni iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref name="UNFCC-2007">{{cite report |title=Investment and financial flows to address climate change |publisher=UNFCCC |year=2007 |pages=81}}</ref> Ní 2025 fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ìdá àádọ́rùn-ún nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ìparun igbó káríayé ni iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fà, pẹ̀lú fífẹ̀ ilẹ̀ oko àti dídá pápá oko tútù gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn gangan tó ń fà á, èyí ga púpọ̀ ju ìdá ọgọ́rin nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún lọ ní 2012.<ref name="ScienceDaily-2018">{{cite news |title=Agricultural expansion drives deforestation |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180913114013.htm |work=ScienceDaily |date=Ọjọ́ kòkàndínlọ́gàún oṣù Kẹsàn-án 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7067en |title=The State of Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140142-2 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7067en}}</ref> A ń sọ igbó di ọgbà fún [[coffee|kọfí]], [[palm oil|epo ọ̀pẹ]], [[rubber|rọ́bà]] àti oríṣìíríṣìí àwọn ọjà tí ó gbajúmọ̀ mìíràn.<ref name="WWF-2020" /> Jíjẹ [[grazing|oko tútù]] àwọn ẹran-ọ̀sìn tún ń fa ìparun igbó. Àwọn ohun mìíràn tó tún ń fà á ni [[wood industry|ilé-iṣẹ́ igi]] ([[logging|gígé igi]]), [[urbanization|ìsọdòpópó]], àti [[mining|ìwakùsà]]. Àwọn [[effects of climate change|ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́]] tún jẹ́ okùnfà mìíràn nípasẹ̀ ewu púpọ̀ síi ti [[wildfire|iná igbó]] (wo [[deforestation and climate change|ìparun igbó àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́]]).
<!--ìpín yìí sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn àbájáde rẹ̀ -->
Ìparun igbó ń yọrí sí [[habitat destruction|ìparun ibùgbé]] èyí tí ó wá ń fa [[biodiversity loss|àdánù oríṣìíríṣìí ohun alààyè]]. Ìparun igbó tún ń fa [[extinction|ìparun]] àwọn ẹranko àti ewéko, àwọn ìyípadà sí ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè, àti lílé àwọn [[Indigenous peoples|ọmọ onílẹ̀]] tí wọ́n ń gbé nínú igbó kúrò ní àwùjọ wọn. Àwọn agbègbè tí a ti pa igbó wọn run tún máa ń ní àwọn ìṣòro àyíká mìíràn púpọ̀ bíi [[desertification|ìsọdi-aṣálẹ̀]] àti [[soil erosion|ìgbẹ́lẹ̀ lọ ti omi tàbí afẹ́fẹ́]].
<!--ìpín yìí sọ̀rọ̀ nípa àwọn àbájáde rẹ̀ ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ -->
Ìṣòro mìíràn tún ni pé ìparun igbó ń dín gbígba afẹ́fẹ́ carbon dioxide ([[carbon sequestration|ìpamọ́ èròjà kábọ́ọ̀nù]]) kúrò nínú òfuurufú kù. Èyí ń dín agbára igbó kù láti ṣèrànwọ́ pẹ̀lú [[climate change mitigation|ìdínkù ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́]]. Ipa tí igbó ń kó nínú gbígba àti títọ́jú kábọ́ọ̀nù pẹ̀lú dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù tún ṣe pàtàkì fún ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref name="FAO & UNEP-2020">{{cite book|title=The State of the World's Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people – In brief|publisher=FAO & UNEP|year=2020|isbn=978-92-5-132707-4|location=Rome|doi=10.4060/ca8985en|s2cid=241416114}}</ref> Ìdí fún ìsopọ̀ yìí ni pé àwọn [[effects of climate change on agriculture|ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀]] ń mú àwọn ewu tuntun bá àwọn [[food system|ètò oúnjẹ]] káríayé.<ref name="FAO & UNEP-2020" />
Látìgbà 1990, a ti ṣírò rẹ̀ pé a ti pàdánù àwọn igbó tó tó [[orders of magnitude (area)#108 to 1014 square metres|hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù irínwó ó lé ogún]] nípasẹ̀ [[land conversion|yíyí padà]] fún àwọn [[land use|lílò ilẹ̀]] mìíràn, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ìparun igbó ti dín kù ní ẹ̀wádún mẹ́ta sẹ́yìn. Lágàárín 2015 sí 2020, a ṣírò ìwọ̀n ìparun igbó sí hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́wàá lọ́dọọdún, èyí tó dín kù láti hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìndínlógún lọ́dọọdún ní àwọn ọdún 1990. Agbègbè igbó kìjikìji káríayé ti dín kù pẹ̀lú ohun tó ju hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù ọgọ́rin lọ láti 1990. Igbó tí ó ju hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù ọgọ́rùn-ún lọ ni iná igbó, kòkòrò àrùn, àrùn, [[invasive species|àwọn ẹ̀yà ọ̀gbìn tàbí ẹranko àjèjì rírun]], [[drought|ọ̀dá]] àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ búburú ti kọlu pẹ̀lú ipa búburú.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The State of the World's Forests 2020. In brief – Forests, biodiversity and people|publisher=FAO & UNEP|isbn=978-92-5-132707-4|location=Rome|pages=9–10}}</ref>
== Ìtumọ̀ ==
[[File:Annual change in forest area, world map, OWID.png|alt=Àwòrán yìí ṣe àfihàn máàpù tó tọ́ka sí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n àyípadà àpapọ̀ agbègbè igbó wọn. Àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n farahàn láró dúdú-fẹ́ẹ́rẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n àyípadà àpapọ̀ tó ga ju àwọn agbègbè tó farahàn ní awo yẹ̀rì. Àwọn agbègbè awo ilẹ̀ tọ́ka sí àpapọ̀ àdánù agbègbè igbó.|thumb|Ìwọ̀n àyípadà àpapọ̀ agbègbè igbó fún orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan ní 2020]]
A túmọ̀ ìparun igbó gẹ́gẹ́ bíi yíyí igbó padà fún àwọn lílò ilẹ̀ mìíràn (láìka bóyá ẹ̀dá ènìyàn ló fà á tàbí bẹ́ẹ̀ kọ́).<ref name="GFRA2020">{{cite web|title=Global Forest Resource Assessment 2020|url=http://www.fao.org/forest-resources-assessment/2020/en/|access-date=Ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kẹsàn-án 2020|website=www.fao.org|language=en|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kàrún 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520105408/http://www.fao.org/forest-resources-assessment/2020/en}}</ref>
''Ìparun igbó'' àti ''àyípadà àpapọ̀ agbègbè igbó'' kì í ṣe nǹkan kan náà: èkejì ni àkópọ̀ gbogbo àdánù igbó (ìparun igbó) àti gbogbo èrè igbó (ífẹ̀sí igbó) ní àsìkò kan pàtó. Nítorí náà, àyípadà àpapọ̀ lè jẹ́ àlékún tàbí ìdínkù, ó sinmi lórí bóyá èrè pọ̀ ju àdánù lọ, tàbí tóbá jẹ́ òdì kejì rẹ̀.<ref name="GFRA2020" />
== Ipò tí ó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nípa kọ́ńtínẹ́ntì, ẹkùn, orílẹ̀-èdè ==
[[File:Annual-change-forest-area.svg|thumb|Àyípadà ọlọ́dọọdún nínú agbègbè igbó]]
Àgbáyé ní àpapọ̀ agbègbè igbó tó jẹ́ hẹ́kítà bílíọ̀nù mẹ́rin àti dásímà ọ̀kan mẹ́rin, èyí tó jẹ́ ìdá méjìlélọ́gbọ̀n nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún àpapọ̀ ilẹ̀ káríayé tí ó sì dọ́gba mọ́ odo àti dásímà márùn-ún odo hẹ́kítà igbó fún ẹnì kọ̀ọ̀kan. Agbègbè ilẹ̀ olóoru ló ní ìpín tó pọ̀ jùlọ nínú àwọn igbó àgbáyé pẹ̀lú ìdá márùnléláàádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún, èyí tí agbègbè boreal, agbègbè pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ dídì àti agbègbè pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ ilẹ̀ olóoru tẹ̀lé.<ref>{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd6709en |title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140082-1 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd6709en}}</ref> Nínú àwọn ẹkùn wọ̀nyí, kọ́ńtínẹ́ǹtì Yúróòpù (Europe) ló ní agbègbè igbó tó tóbi jùlọ, tí ó kó ìdá márùnlélógún nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún gbogbo àpapọ̀ ayé. Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà ló ní ìpín igbó tó pọ̀ jùlọ, ní ìdá mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún ti àpapọ̀ ilẹ̀ rẹ̀. Ohun tó ju ìdajì lọ, tàbí ìdá mẹ́rìnléláàádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún, nínú àwọn igbó àgbáyé ló wà nínú orílẹ̀-èdè márùn-ún péré (ní ìtò lẹ́sẹẹsẹ láti orí èyí tó tóbi jù); [[Russia]], [[Brazil]], [[Canada]], [[United States|Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] àti [[China]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd6709en |title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140082-1 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd6709en}}</ref>
Ìwọ̀n àpapọ̀ àdánù igbó káríayé dín kù láti hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́wàá àti dásímà méje lọ́dọọdún lágàárín 1990–2000 sí hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta àti dásímà mẹ́fà ẹjọ lọ́dọọdún ní 2000–2015, àwọn ohun tó fà á gangan ni ìbísí ńlá nínú agbègbè igbó ní Canada, China, Ìṣọ̀kan Rọ́ṣíà àti Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà. Ìwọ̀n àpapọ̀ àdánù igbó ọlọ́dọọdún pọ̀ síi ní àsìkò 2015–2025, dé hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rin àti dásímà ọ̀kan méjì, èyí sì jẹ́ nítorí ìdínkù nínú ìwọ̀n èrè igbó (ìyẹn, gbígbìn igi àti ìfẹ̀sí igbó lọ́nà ti ẹ̀dá).<ref name=":4" />
Àjọ FAO ṣe ìṣirò pé àpapọ̀ ìpamọ́ kábọ́ọ̀nù igbó káríayé ti dín kù ní ìdá odo àti dásímà mẹ́sàn-án nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún, àti pé ìbòrí igi dín kù ní ìdá mẹ́rin àti dásímà méjì nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún lágàárín 1990 sí 2020.<ref name="FAO-2020">{{cite web|author = FAO|title= Global Forest Resources Assessment|url = http://www.fao.org/3/ca9825en/CA9825EN.pdf|year = 2020}}</ref>{{rp|16, 52}}
{|class="wikitable"
|+Àwọn àyípadà nínú ìpamọ́ kábọ́ọ̀nù igbó gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ẹkùn<br/>Àwọn ìṣirò ní gigatons<ref name="FAO-2020" />{{rp|52, table 43}}
!Ẹkùn!!1990!!2020
|-
|Yúróòpù (tó fi mọ́ Russia)||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé méjìdínlọ́gọ́ta dásímà méje||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé méjìléláàádọ́rin dásímà mẹ́rin
|-
|Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé mẹ́rìndínlógójì dásímà mẹ́fà||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé ogójì dásímà odo
|-
|Áfíríkà||style="text-align:right;"|mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́rùn-ún dásímà mẹ́ta||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rin dásímà mẹ́sàn-án
|-
|Gúúsù àti Gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn Éṣíà lápapọ̀||style="text-align:right;"|márùnlélógójì dásímà ẹjọ||style="text-align:right;"|mọ́kànlélógójì dásímà márùn-ún
|-
|Oṣéáníà||style="text-align:right;"|mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n dásímà mẹ́rin||style="text-align:right;"|mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n dásímà ọ̀kan
|-
|Àárín Amẹ́ríkà||style="text-align:right;"|márùn-ún dásímà odo||style="text-align:right;"|mẹ́rin dásímà ọ̀kan
|-
|Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé mọ́kànlélọ́gọ́ta dásímà ẹjọ||style="text-align:right;"|ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé mẹ́rìnlélógójì dásímà ẹjọ
|}
Ní ti 2019, àìfohùnṣọ̀kan ṣì wà lórí bóyá igbó káríayé ń dín kù tàbí bẹ́ẹ̀ kọ́: "Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a ṣírò pé àpamọ́ kábọ́ọ̀nù tó wà lókè ilẹ̀ ń dín kù ní àwọn ilẹ̀ olóoru, wọ́n ń pọ̀ síi káríayé nítorí àlékún àpamọ́ nínú àwọn igbó pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ dídì àti agbègbè boreal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Chapter 4. Land Degradation.|author=IPCC|date=2019a|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/11/07_Chapter-4.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220131010/https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/11/07_Chapter-4.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-20|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|385}}
[[Deforestation by region|Ìparun igbó ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè]]—bóyá èyí tó ṣẹlẹ̀ lọ́nà ti ẹ̀dá<ref>{{Cite web|title=The causes of deforestation|url=http://www.eniscuola.net/en/argomento/rain-forest/deforestation/the-causes-of-deforestation/|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Eniscuola}}</ref> tàbí [[human impact on the environment|èyí tí ẹ̀dá ènìyàn fà]]—jẹ́ ìṣòro tó ń lọ lọ́wọ́.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-24|title=The five: areas of deforestation|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/24/the-five-areas-of-deforestation-amazon-ethiopia-siberia-papua-south-sudan|access-date=2020-06-05|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Lágàárín 2000 àti 2012, igbó tó tó mílíọ̀nù méjì àti dásímà mẹ́ta kìlómítà onígun mẹ́rin káríayé ni a gé lulẹ̀.<ref name="nature1">[http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/rainforests/rainforests-facts.xml "Facts About Rainforests"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022034531/http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/rainforests/rainforests-facts.xml|date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2015}}. [[The Nature Conservancy]]. A gba wọlé ní Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2015.</ref> Ìparun igbó àti ìbàjẹ́ igbó ń tẹ̀síwájú láti máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìwọ̀n tó kọyọyọ, èyí tó ń ṣe àfikún púpọ̀ sí [[loss of biodiversity|àdánù oríṣìíríṣìí ohun alààyè]] tó ń lọ lọ́wọ́.<ref name="FAO & UNEP-2020" />
[[File:Land-use-of-different-diets-Poore-Nemecek.png|thumb|right|Iye ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a nílò káríayé yóò dín kù nípasẹ̀ ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin tí gbogbo àwùjọ bá bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í jẹ [[Veganism|oúnjẹ ewébẹ̀ nìkan]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Poore|first1=J.|last2=Nemecek|first2=T.|title=Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers|journal=Science|date=Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kẹfà 2018|volume=360|issue=6392|pages=987–992|doi=10.1126/science.aaq0216|pmid=29853680|bibcode=2018Sci...360..987P|doi-access=free|issn=0036-8075 }}</ref>]]
Agbègbè igbó pọ̀ síi ní Éṣíà lágàárín 1990 àti 2025, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó wà ní ìwọ̀n tó kéré jùlọ nínú ẹ̀wádún tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí. Agbègbè igbó tún pọ̀ síi nínú àsìkò ọdún márùnlélọ́gbọ̀n ní Yúróòpù àti ní ìwọ̀n tó kéré díẹ̀ ní Àríwá àti Àárín Amẹ́ríkà. Agbègbè igbó ti dín kù gidigidi ní Áfíríkà àti Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà láti 1990, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n àdánù náà dín kù nínú àwọn ẹkùn méjèèjì ní ẹ̀wádún tó parí ní 2025.<ref name=":4" />
A ti pàdánù igbó tó tó hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù irínwó ó lé mẹ́sàndínlọ́gọ́rùn-ún káríayé nípasẹ̀ ìparun igbó láti 1990, ṣùgbọ́n ìwọ̀n àdánù náà ti dín kù. A ṣírò ìwọ̀n ìparun igbó sí hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́wàá àti dásímà mẹ́sàn-án lọ́dọọdún ní 2015–2025, èyí tó dín kù láti hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́tàlá àti dásímà mẹ́fà lọ́dọọdún ní 2000–2015 àti hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́tàdínlógún àti dásímà mẹ́fà lọ́dọọdún ní 1990–2000. Ìwọ̀n ìfẹ̀sí igbó dín kù láti hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́sàn-án àti dásímà ẹjọ ẹjọ lọ́dọọdún ní 2000–2015 sí hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́fà àti dásímà méje ẹjọ lọ́dọọdún nínú ẹ̀wádún tó parí ní 2025.
Ìparun igbó burú púpọ̀ síi nínú àwọn igbó ilẹ̀ olóoru àti pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ olóoru ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ọrọ̀ ajé wọ́n ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ń gbòòrò. Ohun tó ju ìdajì gbogbo irúfẹ́ ọ̀gbìn àti ẹranko ilẹ̀ káríayé ló ń gbé nínú [[tropical forest|igbó ilẹ̀ olóoru]].<ref name="Rainforest Facts">[http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/rainforests/rainforests-facts.xml Rainforest Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022034531/http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/rainforests/rainforests-facts.xml|date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù Kẹ̀wá 2015}}. Nature.org (Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kọkànlá 2016). A gba wọlé ní Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù Kọkànlá 2016.</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìparun igbó, kìkì mílíọ̀nù mẹ́fà àti dásímà méjì kìlómítà onígun mẹ́rin péré ló sẹ́kù nínú àpapọ̀ mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìndínlógún kìlómítà onígun mẹ́rin ti igbó òjò ilẹ̀ olóoru tó kọ́kọ́ bo Ilẹ̀-Ayé.<ref name="nature1" /> A pàdánù igbó kìjikìji ilẹ̀ olóoru tó ju hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta àti dásímà mẹ́fà lọ ní 2018.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/06/human-society-under-urgent-threat-loss-earth-natural-life-un-report Human society under urgent threat from loss of Earth's natural life. Scientists reveal 1 million species at risk of extinction in damning UN report] Ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù Kàrún 2019 Guardian [https://www.dropbox.com/sh/yd8l2v0u4jqptp3/AACpraYjOYWpTxAFv5H-2vrKa/1%20Global%20Assessment%20Summary%20for%20Policymakers?dl=0&preview=Summary+for+Policymakers+IPBES+Global+Assessment.pdf&subfolder_nav_tracking=1]</ref>
A ṣírò àpapọ̀ àdánù igi ọlọ́dọọdún káríayé sí nǹkan bíi bílíọ̀nù mẹ́wàá.<ref>{{cite news|date=Ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kẹsàn-án 2015|title=Earth has 3 trillion trees but they're falling at alarming rate|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-trees-idUSKCN0R21Z620150902|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kàrún 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Carrington|first1=Damian|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Keje 2019|title=Tree planting 'has mind-blowing potential' to tackle climate crisis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jul/04/planting-billions-trees-best-tackle-climate-crisis-scientists-canopy-emissions|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kàrún 2020|website=The Guardian}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ìṣirò Ohun-àmúṣọrọ̀ Igbó Káríayé ([[Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA)|Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020]]), ìpíndọ́gba àpapọ̀ ilẹ̀ tí a pa igbó rẹ̀ run káríayé lọ́dọọdún nínú ìdajì ẹ̀wádún 2015–2020 jẹ́ hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́wàá, àti pé ìpíndọ́gba àpapọ̀ àdánù agbègbè igbó lọ́dọọdún nínú ẹ̀wádún 2000–2010 jẹ́ hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rin àti dásímà méje.<ref name="GFRA2020" /> Àgbáyé ti pàdánù hẹ́kítà igbó mílíọ̀nù ọgọ́rùn-ún ó lé méjìdínlọ́gọ́rin láti 1990, èyí tó jẹ́ agbègbè tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó títóbi orílẹ̀-èdè Libya.<ref name="GFRA2020" />
Àtúpalẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀nà ìparun igbó káríayé ní 2021 fihàn pé àwọn ọ̀nà ìṣòwò, ìṣàgbéjáde, àti ìlò ọjà ń darí ìwọ̀n ìparun igbó ní àwọn ọ̀nà tó díjú. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a lè fa máàpù ibi tí ìparun igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀, kì í sábàá dọ́gba mọ́ ibi tí a ti ń lo ọjà náà. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, a ṣírò pé àwọn ọ̀nà ìlò ọjà nínú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè [[G7 countries|G7]] ń fa àdánù igi mẹ́ta àti dásímà mẹ́sàn-án fún ẹnì kọ̀ọ̀kan lọ́dọọdún. Ní gbólóhùn mìíràn, ìparun igbó lè ní ìsopọ̀ tààrà pẹ̀lú àwọn ọjà àkówọlé—fún àpẹẹrẹ, kọfí.<ref>{{cite news|date=Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta 2021|title=Average westerner's eating habits lead to loss of four trees every year|language=en|work=the Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/mar/29/average-westerners-eating-habits-lead-to-loss-of-four-trees-every-year|access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kẹrin 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hoang|first1=Nguyen Tien|last2=Kanemoto|first2=Keiichiro|date=Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta 2021|title=Mapping the deforestation footprint of nations reveals growing threat to tropical forests|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01417-z|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|language=en|volume=5|issue=6|pages=845–853|doi=10.1038/s41559-021-01417-z|issn=2397-334X|pmid=33782576|bibcode=2021NatEE...5..845H|s2cid=232420306|access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kẹrin 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
Ní 2023, Ìṣọ́ Igbó Káríayé ([[Global Forest Watch]]) jábọ̀ ìdínkù ìdá mẹ́sàn-án nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún nínú àdánù igbó kìjikìji ilẹ̀ olóoru ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún tó ṣáájú, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdínkù ńlá ní ẹkùn [[Brazil]] àti [[Colombia]] tí àwọn àlékún ní àwọn ibòmíràn bò mọ́lẹ̀, èyí tó yọrí sí àlékún ìdá mẹ́ta àti dásímà méjì nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún nínú ìparun igbó káríayé. Àwọn iná igbó ńlá ní [[Canada]], tí [[climate change|ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́]] tún mú burú síi, ṣe àfikún sí àlékún ìdá mẹ́rìnlélógún nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún nínú àdánù ìbòrí igi káríayé, èyí tó tẹnumọ́ àwọn ewu tó ń lọ lọ́wọ́ sí àwọn igbó tí ó ṣe pàtàkì fún [[carbon storage|ìpamọ́ kábọ́ọ̀nù]] àti [[biodiversity|oríṣìíríṣìí ohun alààyè]]. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìtẹ̀síwájú díẹ̀ wà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àpapọ̀ nínú ìparun igbó àti àwọn ipa ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì kùdìẹ̀-kà-diẹ.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Spring|first=Jake|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Kẹrin 2024|editor-last=Dunham|editor-first=Will|title=Tropical forest loss eased in 2023 but threats remain, analysis shows|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/tropical-forest-loss-eased-2023-threats-remain-analysis-shows-2024-04-04/?user_email=6bc715b3fd56b766900ace1f93bf9c8b38d3b44d9557f041acbc54ed318c154f|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù Kẹrin 2024|website=www.reuters.com}}</ref>
Ìjábọ̀ Ìṣirò Kẹfà ti IPCC ([[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report]]) sọ ní 2022 pé: "A pàdánù igbó tó ju hẹ́kítà mílíọ̀nù irínwó ó lé ogún lọ sí ìparun igbó láti 1990 sí 2020; ohun tó ju ìdá àádọ́rùn-ún nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún àdánù yẹn ló ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ olóoru (pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú gíga), èyí tó ń dẹ́rùbà oríṣìíríṣìí ohun alààyè, àwọn iṣẹ́ àyíká, ọ̀nà ìgbẹ́mìíró ti àwọn àwùjọ inú igbó àti agbára láti faradà àwọn wàhálà ojú-ọjọ́ (pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú gíga)."<ref>Ometto, J.P., K. Kalaba, G.Z. Anshari, N. Chacón, A. Farrell, S.A. Halim, H. Neufeldt, and R. Sukumar, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_CCP7.pdf CrossChapter Paper 7: Tropical Forests]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/chapter/ccp7/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability]. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2369–2410, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.024.</ref>
Ẹ tún wo:
*[[Deforestation by continent|Ìparun igbó gẹ́gẹ́ bíi kọ́ńtínẹ́ǹtì]]
** {{in title|deforestation in}}
** {{in title|deforestation of}}
** {{in title|land clearing in}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
jeyj9b96xam53q9vizsxt0vnrnsx1fo
Ajo Bangladesh Resilience Resilience
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Àjọ '''Bangladesh Resilience Resilience Fund''' ( '''BCCRF''' ) jẹ́ àjọ ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé àwọn olùfúnni-ní-ọ̀pọ̀ (MDTF) tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti kó àti pín owó ìnáwó ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ fún [[Bangladẹ́shì|Bangladesh]] . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Alam|date=May 2011|title=The Political Economy of Climate Resilient Development Planning in Bangladesh}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kejì ọdún 2009, ìjọba Bangladesh kọ̀ láti gba ìfilọ́lẹ̀ owó ìnáwó ojúọjọ́ tó tó £60 mílíọ̀nù láti ọwọ́ United Kingdom nítorí pé tí wọ́n bá fi ránṣẹ́ sí wọn láti ọwọ́ World Bank, ní àkọ́kọ́, ìjọba ti gba àwọn òfin àti owó náà. <ref name="guardian-20100215">{{Cite news|title=Bangladesh rejects £60m of climate aid from UK|date=February 15, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/feb/15/bangladesh-world-bank-climate-finance|publisher=Guardian|author=David Adam and John Vidal}}</ref>
== Ààlà ==
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Mohammed Shamsuddoha àti Rezaul Karim Chowdhury ti sọ, " Àkọsílẹ̀ ìgbìmọ̀ ìforúkọsílẹ̀" tí ìjọba Bangladesh ṣe lórí MDTF dámọ̀ràn pé kí ilé iṣẹ́ náà wà ní ọ́fíìsì Báńkì Àgbáyé ní [[Dhaka]] . Báńkì náà yóò ṣe alága ìgbìmọ̀ ìṣàkóso, yóò sì ṣàkóso, yóò ṣàkóso, yóò ṣàkóso, yóò sì ṣe àbójútó ìmúṣẹ àwọn iṣẹ́ àti ètò MDTF. Fún iṣẹ́ yìí, báńkì náà yóò gba owó tó tó $8 mílíọ̀nù. Gbogbo àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tó ń ṣe iṣẹ́ náà gbọ́dọ̀ tẹ̀lé àwọn ìlànà àti ìlànà báńkì náà lórí ìmúṣẹ àti ríra iṣẹ́ náà."
== Àtìlẹ́yìn ==
Ẹ̀ka Ìdàgbàsókè Àgbáyé ti Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì (DFID) ti ń tẹnumọ́ pé ó yẹ kí a lo owó ìnáwó ojúọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ Àpò Ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé Àwọn Olùfúnni-ní-ọ̀pọ̀ tí Báńkì Àgbáyé ń ṣàkóso; ìjọba Denmark ti ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún ipò yìí. <ref name="guardian-20100215"/> <ref name="newage-20090313">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newagebd.com/2009/mar/13/edit.html|archivedate=2018-11-19|title=WB's fingers in Bangladesh's climate fund pie|last=Mahtab Haider|access-date=2026-06-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119214517/http://www.newagebd.com/2009/mar/13/edit.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
Níbi ìpàdé ojúọjọ́ Copenhagen ti ọdún 2009, aṣojú Bangladesh kan sọ fún àwọn oníròyìn pé Bangladesh lè jẹ́ kí Báńkì Àgbáyé ṣàkóso owó náà, tí àwọn olùfúnni owó bá gbé e kalẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àdéhùn. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Bangladesh demands allocation of funds for population at risk|date=December 13, 2009|url=https://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Asia/Story/A1Story20091213-185611.html}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìpàdé náà, Prime Minister ti Bangladesh, [[Sheikh Hasina|Sheikh Hasina,]] sọ pé dídá Ìṣúná Owó Onígbèsè Onírúurú kan sílẹ̀ jẹ́ ara ìdáhùn ìjọba rẹ̀ sí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-07-23}}</ref>
== Àríwísí ==
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé ìròyìn ''New Age'' ti sọ, Multi Donor Trust Fund ní “àtakò tó pọ̀ tàbí kí ó dín sí i láàárín àwọn olùwádìí nípa ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ilé iṣẹ́ àyíká, àti àwọn NGO àti àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ àwùjọ ará ìlú ní Bangladesh.” <ref name="newage-20090313" /> Àwọn àjọ àwùjọ ará ìlú Bangladesh ń tako èrò Multi Donor Trust Fund gidigidi, wọ́n sì fẹ́ kí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba máa ṣàkóso owó náà. Àwọn olùpolongo ti sọ àníyàn nípa owó ìṣàkóso 10–15% tí àwọn olùdámọ̀ràn Banki Àgbáyé yóò gbà àti àìsí àǹfààní láti gba owó ìyípadà. Àwọn olùpolongo mìíràn ń ṣe àríwísí gidigidi sí àwọn iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí Banki Àgbáyé ń ṣe, èyí tí wọ́n sọ pé “ó ti sábà máa ń dá ewu àyíká sílẹ̀ tí ó sì ba àwọn ọjà àti iṣẹ́ àyíká jẹ́.”
Àwọn alátakò Bangladesh tí wọ́n jẹ́ alátakò MDTF tí Báńkì Àgbáyé ń ṣàkóso ni [[Equity and Justice Working Group Bangladesh|Ẹgbẹ́ Iṣẹ́ Àkànṣe àti Ìdájọ́ Bangladesh]] (EquityBD). <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2010-06-06}}</ref>
Àwọn alátakò ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ni Jubilee Debt Coalition àti World Development Movement . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2010-02-06}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
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Ètò Ìṣe Àyíká Ojúọjọ́ Boulder
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1290525111|Boulder Climate Action Plan]]"
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'''Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Ojúọjọ́ (CAP)''' Ní Boulder, Colorado, ni àwọn ètò kan tí a ṣe láti darí àwọn ìsapá àwùjọ láti dín ìtújáde gaasi afẹ́fẹ́ kù. Àwọn ètò wọ̀nyí ti dojúkọ sí mímú kí agbára ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa àti ìpamọ́ nínú àwọn ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́—orísun tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin àwọn ìtújáde afẹ́fẹ́ ní agbègbè. Ètò náà tún ń gbé àwọn ètò láti dín ìtújáde afẹ́fẹ́ kù láti inú ìrìnnà, èyí tí ó jẹ́ ju ogún nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún àwọn orísun gaasi afẹ́fẹ́ ní agbègbè náà.
== ifihan pupopupo ==
Ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2006, àwọn ará ìlú Boulder, Colorado, dìbò láti fọwọ́ sí ìwé ìdìbò Nọ́mbà 202, èyí tí ó fún ìgbìmọ̀ ìlú láṣẹ láti gba owó orí láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn oníbàárà iná mànàmáná ilé gbígbé, ti ìṣòwò àti ti ilé iṣẹ́ fún ète ìnáwó ètò ìgbésẹ̀ ojúọjọ́ kan. láti dín ìtújáde gaasi eefin kù. Ètò náà ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àwọn ètò láti mú kí agbára ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, láti mú kí lílo agbára tí a lè sọ di tuntun pọ̀ sí i, láti dín ìtújáde kúrò nínú àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ kù, àti láti gbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn sí mímú àwọn góńgó tí a gbé kalẹ̀ nínú Ìlànà Kyoto ṣẹ.
Láti ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2007, tí ó sì parí ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta ọdún 2013, wọ́n ṣètò owó orí àkọ́kọ́ sí $0.0022/kWh fún àwọn oníbàárà ilé gbígbé, $0.0004/kWh fún àwọn oníbàárà ilé iṣẹ́, àti $0.0002/kWh fún àwọn oníbàárà ilé iṣẹ́. Ìgbìmọ̀ ìlú ní àṣẹ láti mú owó orí náà pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ títí dé iye owó orí tí a gbà láàyè tó pọ̀ jùlọ ti $0.0049/kWh fún àwọn oníbàárà ilé gbígbé; $0.0009/kWh fún àwọn oníbàárà ilé iṣẹ́; àti $0.0003/kWh fún àwọn oníbàárà ilé iṣẹ́. Rírà agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tí a fi agbára ìlò ṣe kò sí nínú owó orí náà.
== Pínpín àti ìṣẹ̀dá owó náà ==
'''Iye owo''' : Awọn oṣuwọn Oṣù Kẹta ọdun 2010 fun awọn alabara ina:
{| class="wikitable"
!Irú Olùlò Iná Mọ̀nàmọ́ná
! Oṣuwọn Owo-ori
! Owó-orí Ọdọọdún Àpapọ̀
|-
| Ilé gbígbé
| $0.0049/kWh
| Dọ́là 21
|-
| Iṣowo
| $0.0009/kWh
| $94
|-
| Ilé-iṣẹ́
| $0.0003/kWh
| Dọ́là 9,600
|}
'''Àròpọ̀ Owó Àpapọ̀:'''$860,265 ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ àti títí dé $1,342,000/ọdún lẹ́yìn náà títí di ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta, ọdún 2013
'''Ète''': Agbára tó lè ṣe àtúnṣe, agbára tó lè ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, àti ìrìnnà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-02-27}}</ref>
== Aláṣẹ ìṣírí ==
'''Àṣẹ 1''': Ìdìbò Ẹ̀dà 202 (Owó Orí Ètò Ìṣe Ojúọjọ́)
Ọjọ́ Tí A Gbékalẹ̀: 11/7/2006 <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=18 July 2011}}</ref>
'''Aṣẹ 2:''' Boulder Tunwo Code 3-12
Ọjọ ti o wulo: 4/1/2007
Ọjọ ipari: 3/31/2013 <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=20 September 2010}}</ref>
== Wo pelu ==
* Iye owo erogba
* Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Kárí Ayé
* Ìlú ìyípadà
* Àwọn ìtújáde gáàsì afẹ́fẹ́ láti ọwọ́ Amẹ́ríkà
* Ètò Ìṣe Afefe Chicago
* Ètò Ìṣe Afefe San Francisco
* Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Ààrẹ fún Ààrẹ lórí Òfò
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [https://bouldercolorado.gov/government/departments/climate-initiatives Ìdáhùn Ojúọjọ́ Boulder (Ìlú Boulder)]
* [https://www.bouldercounty.org/environment/sustainability/sustainability-plan/climate-action/ Iṣe oju-ọjọ ni Boulder County]
* [http://www.dsireusa.org DSIRE Database ti Awọn iwuri Ipinle fun Awọn ohun ti a le tunṣe ati ṣiṣe daradara] .
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080921065858/http://www.cleanair.com/Reference/Library/library.html Oju opo wẹẹbu itọkasi afẹfẹ mimọ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080930143535/http://sparetheair.org/contact.htm Àwọn nọ́mbà fóònù BAAQMD] – pẹ̀lú 800-EXHAUST (800-394-2878) láti ròyìn ìbàjẹ́ èéfín ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́
j1fd4whbkgs6je1wwhebx382j22gtzm
Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì Ìṣe Afefe
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355076616|Climate Action Network]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Infobox organization|name=Climate Action Network|native_name=|native_name_lang=|image=|image_size=|image_alt=|caption=|logo=[[File:Can-logo-rgb-wikipedia.png]]|logo_size=|logo_alt=|logo_caption=|abbreviation=CAN|formation={{start date and age|1989|p=yes}}|type=[[Advocacy group]]|status=Non-profit, non-governmental|headquarters=[[Bonn]], [[Germany]]|region_served=Worldwide|language=English|key_people=[[Michael Oppenheimer]] (founder)|purpose=Network of over 1300 non-governmental organizations in over 130 countries working to limit human-induced climate change to ecologically sustainable levels|num_staff=28 (2020)|website={{URL|http://www.climatenetwork.org}}|remarks=|footnotes=}}
'''Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì Ìṣe-ayé - Àgbáyé''' ( '''CAN''' ) jẹ́ nẹ́tíwọ́ọ̀kì kárí ayé tí ó ní àwọn àjọ tí kìí ṣe ti ìjọba lórí àyíká tí ó lé ní 1,800 ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó lé ní 130, tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti gbé ìgbésẹ̀ ìjọba àti ti ẹnìkọ̀ọ̀kan lárugẹ láti dín ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ tí ènìyàn fà kù sí àwọn ìpele tí ó lè ṣeé gbé ní àyíká. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Hadden|first=Jennifer|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/networks-in-contention/2686C0383A92F6A2F58C23399448E511|title=Networks in Contention: The Divisive Politics of Climate Change|date=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-08958-7}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ==
Ó kópa nínú àwọn ìpàdé ti Àdéhùn Ìlànà Àgbáyé lórí Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́. Ẹgbẹ́ náà tún tẹ ìwé ìròyìn ECO ti àwùjọ àwọn ènìyàn jáde tí ó gbé èrò àwùjọ àti àwọn àwùjọ káàkiri àgbáyé kalẹ̀ nígbà ìjíròrò lórí ojúọjọ́. àti àwọn ẹ̀bùn a''wọn ohun ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé ọjọ́ náàtí'' ó ń pani lẹ́rìn-ín. Ní àfikún sí èyí, ẹgbẹ́ náà gbé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń dí ìlọsíwájú lọ́wọ́ níbi ìjíròrò ojúọjọ́ ní ṣíṣe àgbékalẹ̀ Àpérò Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́ ti Àjọ Àgbáyé . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/02/uk-given-fossil-of-the-day-cop26-award-for-hindering-climate-talks|title=UK given ‘Fossil of the Day’ award after Cop26 queues and access issues|access-date=13 April 2025}}</ref>
Àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ yìí ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ìfitónilétí àti ètò àjọ tí kìí ṣe ti ìjọba lórí àwọn ọ̀ràn ojú ọjọ́ àgbáyé, agbègbè, àti orílẹ̀-èdè. Wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ fún àyíká àti ìdàgbàsókè tó dára tí ó “ń bá àwọn àìní ìsinsìnyí mu láìsí ìpalára agbára àwọn ìran tí ń bọ̀ láti bá àwọn àìní wọn mu” (Brundtland Commission). Pẹ̀lú ìran láti dáàbò bo afẹ́fẹ́, Climate Action Network yan ìdàgbàsókè tó dúró ṣinṣin àti tó péye kárí ayé. Michael Oppenheimer ló dá a sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1989 ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Germany, èyí tí yóò padà di Germany ní kíákíá.
== Awọn nẹtiwọọki agbegbe ati ti orilẹ-ede ==
[[Fáìlì:Tasneem_Essop_gives_First_Minister_-_COP26_OXFAM_speech_-_Ray_of_the_Day_award_(504).jpg|thumb|Tasneem Essop fún Minisita Àkọ́kọ́ Scotland ní ẹ̀bùn "Ray of the Day" ní COP26 - àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn ni wọ́n fún ní ''Fossil of the Day'' . ]]
[[Fáìlì:Climate_Action_Network_in_2020.jpg|thumb|Ìpàdé Ọdọọdún ti CAN fún Ọdún 2020 ní Arusha, Tanzania]]
CAN ní àwọn nẹ́tíwọ́ọ̀kì agbègbè àti ti orílẹ̀-èdè tí a ń pè ní àwọn nódì tí ó ń ṣe àkóso àwọn ìsapá wọ̀nyí.
=== Àwọn Nódù Agbègbè ===
* Àgbáyé CAN-Arab
* CAN-Ìlà Oòrùn Áfíríkà
* CAN ní Ìlà Oòrùn Yúróòpù, Caucasus àti Àárín Gbùngbùn Éṣíà (CAN-EECCA)
* CAN-Yuroopu
* CAN Látìn Amẹ́ríkà (CANLA)
* Àwọn Erékùsù Pàsífíkì (PICAN)
* CAN-Gúúsù Éṣíà (CANSA)
* Agbegbe Guusu Afirika CAN (SARCAN)
* CAN-Gúúsù Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà (CANSEA)
* CAN Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn àti Àárín Gbùngbùn Áfíríkà (CANWA)
=== Àwọn Nẹ́tíwọ́ọ̀kì Orílẹ̀-èdè ===
* CAN-Australia (CANA)
* CAN-Rac ará Kánádà
* CAN-China (aláìjẹ́-àṣà)
* Réseau Action Climat France [ fr ]
* CAN-Japan
* Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì Ìṣe Afefe New Zealand
* CAN-Gúúsù Áfíríkà (SACAN)
* CAN-Tanzania
* CAN-Uganda
* Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì Ìgbésẹ̀ Ojúọjọ́ Amẹ́ríkà (USCAN)
=== Nẹ́tíwọ́ọ̀kì Ìṣe-àyíká Ojúọjọ́ Tanzania ===
Climate Action Network Tanzania jẹ́ àjọ tí kìí ṣe ti ìjọba àti ti èrè fún àyíká tí a dá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 2011, pẹ̀lú olú-iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Ó ń ṣiṣẹ́ lábẹ́ àjọ Climate Action Network International. Láti ìgbà tí a ti dá a sílẹ̀, ó ti dá àjọṣepọ̀ sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn àjọ àwùjọ tó ju 50 lọ ní gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè náà, àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìjọba àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ bíi àyíká, ìjọba ìbílẹ̀, iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀, ẹran ọ̀sìn àti ẹja, agbára (ẹ̀ka agbára àti ìlànà tí a lè yípadà), àwọn ohun àlùmọ́nì àti ìrìn àjò, omi, iṣẹ́ àti ìnáwó pàápàá jùlọ Ìgbìmọ̀ Ètò. Ó tún ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbìmọ̀ ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìwádìí, ní ṣíṣe àgbékalẹ̀ Ìdàgbàsókè Erogba Kekere àti àtúnṣe sí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.
==== Àwọn ibi-àfojúsùn ====
<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>Papọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn olùníláárí rẹ̀, Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì Ìṣe Afefe Tanzania ń ṣiṣẹ́ sí ìdúróṣinṣin ojúọjọ́ àti ìdínkù òṣì nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ìgbésí ayé àwùjọ tí ó pọ̀ sí i àti ètò ọrọ̀ ajé tí ó lè dúró ṣinṣin ní ojúọjọ́. Ní gbígbé agbára tí ó lè yípadà lárugẹ, dín àwọn ìtújáde láti inú pípa igbó àti àwọn ètò ìbàjẹ́ igbó àti lílo àwọn ohun àlùmọ́nì omi tí ó lè dúró ṣinṣin, ó ń mú kí ìdàgbàsókè erogba tí ó kéré síi wà ní ìpele. Jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ, ète rẹ̀ ni láti ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ètò ìsopọ̀pọ̀ láti lè fún àwùjọ Tanzania ní ìwífún àti láti fún wọn ní agbára, láti pèsè pẹpẹ fún ìjíròrò gbogbogbòò, pẹ̀lú ète láti fún Tanzania ní ohùn orílẹ̀-èdè nínú ìjíròrò ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ kárí ayé àti láti gbé ìmọ̀ sókè láti fipá mú ìwà tí ó lè dúró ṣinṣin ní ojúọjọ́. Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì Ìṣe Afefe Tanzania fojú sí ìmúṣẹ àwọn ètò orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó munadoko, àwọn ọgbọ́n àti ìgbésẹ̀ nípa àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojúọjọ́. Jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ, iṣẹ́ wọn ni láti mú ètò ojúọjọ́ kárí ayé wá sí àyíká Tanzania láti gba Agenda 2030 àti Àdéhùn Paris. Ní àǹfààní iṣẹ́ tí ó péye àti ìdàgbàsókè àwùjọ àti ọrọ̀ ajé. Climate Action Network Tanzania ń ṣe ìwádìí ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì lórí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ àti ìdàgbàsókè àyíká ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè jákèjádò Tanzania.
* Àwọn ohun àlùmọ́nì omi
* Agbára tó lè sọ di tuntun
* Idagbasoke erogba kekere
* Isuna oju ojo
* Osi ati igbesi aye
* Kíkọ́ agbára
* Àdéhùn 2030 àti ti Paris
* Ìyípadà
* Ounjẹ ati iṣẹ-ogbin
==== Àwọn Iṣẹ́ Àkànṣe ====
Nẹ́tíwọ́ọ̀kì Ìṣe-àyíká Ojúọjọ́ Tanzaniań ṣètò àwọn ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti àwọn ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ láàrín àwọn olùníláárí láti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìjọba àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ mínísítà, àwọn ẹ̀ka-iṣẹ́ àdáni, àwọn alábáṣiṣẹpọ̀ ìdàgbàsókè, àti àwùjọ àwọn ènìyàn. Ó ń ṣe èyí nípa jíjíròrò ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ àti ọjọ́ iwájú àti àwọn ipa tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àyíká lórí àlàáfíà àwùjọ àti ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀-ajé. Àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú:
* Ṣíṣe àtúnṣe àtúnṣe ojúọjọ́, ìdàgbàsókè tó ṣeé gbéṣe àti ìdínkù òṣì ní Tanzania
* Ètò àti ìfilọ́lẹ̀ tó ní ipa àti tó péye: Ọ̀nà àtúnṣe agbára fún àtúnṣe àdúgbò àti ìdàgbàsókè tó ṣeé gbéṣe ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Kilimanjaro-Lake Natron
==== Ìnáwó ====
Àjọ tí kìí ṣe ti èrè àti ti ìjọba ni Tanzania. Ó ń ṣe ìnáwó ara rẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìgbọ̀wọ́, ẹ̀bùn, àti ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn àjọ. Ìnáwó rẹ̀ dá lórí ètò ìkówójọ ìwà rere rẹ̀, èyí tí ó ní nínú rẹ̀ pé kò gba owó lọ́wọ́ àwọn àjọ tí ìwà rere wọn kò bá tiwọn mu tàbí kò gba owó tí ó bá àwọn ipò tí yóò yí iṣẹ́ tàbí ìṣojú wọn padà.
== Àwọn àjọ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>{{As of|2026|May}}, CAN ní àwọn àjọ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ tó lé ní 1,800 kárí ayé, tí ó wà ní orílẹ̀-èdè tó lé ní àádóje. Nípa lílo ìkànnì inú, ojú òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù Àwùjọ CAN, àwọn àjọ náà lè bá ara wọn sọ̀rọ̀ àti pẹ̀lú Akọ̀wé Àgbáyé ti Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì.<ref name="memberc" />
* USCAN (Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì Ìgbésẹ̀ Afẹ́fẹ́ Amẹ́ríkà)
<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />{{Columns-list|* [[NOÉ21]] (Geneva)|colwidth=30em}}
* Igbese ẹni kọọkan ati ti iṣelu lori iyipada oju-ọjọ
* Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì Ìṣe Afefe Chesapeake
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí àti Ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
1ctzag4us6t2tfhyfygut98t8udqc9p
Ile-iṣẹ Idagbasoke Oju-ọjọ Ghana
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2026-06-15T16:21:09Z
ToluT15
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1289080316|Ghana Climate Innovation Centre]]"
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<templatestyles src="Infobox company/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox company|name=Ghana Climate Innovation Centre|logo=Ghanacic 02.jpg|founded={{start date and age|2016}}|hq_location_city=[[Accra]]|hq_location_country=Ghana|website={{url|https://www.ghanacic.org}}}}
'''Ile-iṣẹ Innovation Afefe Ghana (GCIC)''' jẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ètò ìdàgbàsókè ojú-ọjọ́ ti Banki Àgbáyé kan tí ó ń pèsè ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ kékeré àti àárín àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ tuntun ní ṣíṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àwọn èrò ìṣòwò tí ó ní èrè tí ó sì lè ran lọ́wọ́ láti yanjú ìdínkù àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní Ghana.
== Ilé iṣẹ́ àti ẹgbẹ́ ==
Wọ́n dá ilé-iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 2016, ó sì wà ní Accra. Wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú owó ìrànlọ́wọ́ láti ọ̀dọ̀ ìjọba Denmark àti Netherlands nípasẹ̀ Ètò Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Afẹ́fẹ́ ti Báńkì Àgbáyé.
Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ kan tí wọ́n ní: Ashesi University College, Ernst & Young, SNV Ghana, àti Yunifásítì ajọ awọn Orílẹ̀-èdè, Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ fún awọn ohun alùmọ́nì adánidá ní Áfíríkà ló ń ṣàkóso ilé-iṣẹ́ náà. Ẹgbẹ́ kọ̀ọ̀kan nínú ẹgbẹ́ náà ló ń kó ipa ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ nínú àṣeyọrí gbogbogbòò iṣẹ́ náà.
Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga Yunifásítì Ashesiń pese iṣòwò àti ìdàgbàsókè ìṣòwò. Ernst & Young (EY) ń pese àǹfààní sí ìṣúná owó, àti SNV Ghana àti Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Yunifásítì ti United Nations fún awọn Ohun Àlùmọ́nì Àdánidá ní Áfíríkà ń pese ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ àti ìdàgbàsókè ọjà, ìdàgbàsókè àti ìwọlé ọjà, àti ìrànlọ́wọ́ ìlànà àti ìlànà lẹ́sẹẹsẹ.
== Awọn iṣẹ ati awọn ipilẹṣẹ ==
Iṣẹ́ wọn jẹ́ ti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí agbára àti agbára tí a lè sọ di tuntun, agbára oòrùn, iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ onímọ̀ nípa ojú ọjọ́, ìṣàkóso egbin ilé, ìṣàkóso omi àti ìwẹ̀nùmọ́. :
* Ipese imọran iṣowo ti o ga julọ ati iṣẹ itọsọna iṣowo
* Atilẹyin imọ-ẹrọ ninu idagbasoke
* Ṣíṣe àwòkọ àti ìdánwò àwọn ìṣẹ̀dá tuntun wọn,
* Ẹ̀rí Ìnáwó ti Ìrànlọ́wọ́ Ìrònú.
Olórí Àgbà fún ilé-iṣẹ́ náà ni Ìyáàfin Ruka Sanusi.
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
ox5w84ccmuh8wmgk5u7s2j8mst8w8kr
Denmark gbin awọn igi
0
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2026-06-15T16:27:25Z
ToluT15
33915
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345810864|Denmark plants trees]]"
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'''''Denmark gbin igi''''' (Danish: Igi ọgbin Denmark) jẹ́ tẹlifíṣọ̀n tẹlifíṣọ̀n Denmark kan tí wọ́n ṣe ní ọjọ́ Sátidé, ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2019, èyí tí wọ́n ṣe láti gba owó fún gbígbìn igi mílíọ̀nù kan ní Denmark láti fún àwọn ará Denmark níṣìírí láti kópa nínú ìgbésẹ̀ ojúọjọ́. Wọ́n gbajúmọ̀ pé ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà ni tẹlifíṣọ̀n àkọ́kọ́ ní àgbáyé láti gbógun ti ìṣòro ojúọjọ́.
Wọ́n gbé ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà síta lórí ìkànnì tẹlifíṣọ̀n ilẹ̀ Denmark tó lé ní wákàtí méjì àti ààbọ̀ lórí TV 2 láti ọ̀dọ̀ Skovtårnet [da] ní Haslev.<ref name=":0" /> Nígbà ayẹyẹ náà, àwọn ìṣeré orin àti àwọn àlejò olókìkí wáyé. Prime Minister ti Denmark, Mette Frederiksen, gbìn ọ̀kan lára àwọn igi àkọ́kọ́. Telethon náà kó owó jọ tó láti gbin igi 914,233, èyí tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ dé ibi tí wọ́n ti sọ pé ó jẹ́ igi mílíọ̀nù kan. Ní ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n dé ibi tí wọ́n ti fẹ́ lo igi mílíọ̀nù kan lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n pinnu láti jẹ́ kí ojú òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù ìtọrẹ lórí ayélujára ṣí sílẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2019-10-15}}</ref>
Ilé iṣẹ́ ìṣeré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ti ilẹ̀ Denmark, Tiki Media [da] ló ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ìlànà yìí, èyí sì fi ìrètí hàn pé ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà yóò tàn kálẹ̀ dé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn láti lè mú kí gbogbo ènìyàn mọ̀ nípa ọ̀ràn ojú ọjọ́.
Àjọ Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì Àwọn Igi Dídàgbà ti ilẹ̀ Denmark ló gbin àwọn igi náà pẹ̀lú ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú egbẹ́ Danish fún Ìtọ́jú Àdánidá.
Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà ló mú kí eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n Dutch ti ọdún 2021, Netherlands gbin igi (Nederland plant bomen), èyí tí wọ́n gbé sórí NPO 1, Bert van Leeuwen sì gbàlejò rẹ̀. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tẹlifíṣọ̀n náà gba owó tó tó 500,000 yuroopu, èyí tó mú kí wọ́n gbin igi tó tó 65,371 ní Netherlands.
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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Isakoso ati itoju awọn ilẹ olomi ni Uganda
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353863385|Management and conservation of wetlands in Uganda]]"
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Àwọn '''ilẹ̀ olómi ní Uganda''' jÀwọn ohun àlùmọ́nì àdánidá tí wọ́n ṣe pàtàkì gan-an tí wọ́n bo 30,105 onígun mẹ́rin kìlómítà (11,624 sq mi) ti gbogbo ilẹ̀ Uganda tó jẹ́ 241,500 onígun mẹ́rin kìlómítà (93,200 sq mi) tó jẹ́ 13% gbogbo ilẹ̀ náà.[1] Ní Uganda, àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n yí i ká ni wọ́n ń lò fún ìkọ́lé, iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀, ìrìn àjò, iṣẹ́ ọwọ́, àga, ẹja pípa, ibùgbé ènìyàn àti yíyọ àwọn ohun èlò tó wúlò, èso igbó àti ibi ọdẹ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Willbroad|first1=Byamukama|last2=Kiyawa2|first2=Byamukama Willbroad1* and Salihu Abdullahi|last3=Internationals|first3=Ommega|date=2019-05-18|title=Sustainable Management and Conservation of Wetland Resources in Uganda: A Review|url=https://www.ommegaonline.org/article-details/article/2479|journal=Journal of Environment and Health Science|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=47–51|issn=2378-6841}}</ref>
Gẹgẹ bi Ijọba Iyika Resistance National ti gba agbara ni ọdun 1986, apanirun lawujọ, ọrọ-aje, iṣelu, ayika ati iṣakoso awọn ilẹ olomi ti ko dara wa. Ninu awọn akitiyan rẹ lati mu aisimi padabọsipo, ijọba ni oṣu mẹjọ akọkọ wọn ṣe awọn igbese to lagbara lati mu padabọsipo ati yago fun iparun awọn ilẹ olomi. Nipasẹ awọn itọnisọna iṣakoso ti a gbejade ni Oṣu Kẹsan ọdun 1986, ijọba bẹrẹ imupadabọ awọn orisun ile olomi nipa gbigbesilẹ ofin de lori awọn ero idominugere nla titi ti imọ-jinlẹ ti fihan ati eto imulo ibaramu awujọ ti wa ni aye. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=James|first=D.|date=1976|title=Airframe Material Requirements|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/74526|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences|volume=282|issue=1307|pages=83–89|doi=10.1098/rsta.1976.0104|jstor=74526|bibcode=1976RSPTA.282...83J|issn=0080-4614}}</ref>
== Ipese owo ilẹ tutu ==
Àwọn ìsapá àtúnṣe fún àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi ní Uganda ni a gba owó láti ọ̀dọ̀ Global Environment Facility lábẹ́ iṣẹ́ àtúnṣe ojúọjọ́ tuntun kan, èyí tí ó mọ pàtàkì ilẹ̀ olómi nínú dídáàbòbò àwọn agbègbè ìbílẹ̀ kúrò lọ́wọ́ ìyípadà ojúọjọ́. Ipese inawo naa mu ki awon igbesi aye miiran ti o le koju oju ojo dinku wahala lori iseda ati oniruuru eda. Ise agbese odun marun yii ni owo ti o ju US$4.3 milionu lo, Ile-ise Omi ati Ayika Uganda yoo si se, pelu iranlowo lati odo etò ayíká ajọ UN (UNEP)
== Ètò òfin ==
Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin Uganda ti ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ìlànà òfin tó fi dandan lé ìjọba láti fi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé àwọn ènìyàn àti láti dáàbòbò, àwọn adágún àdánidá, odò, ilẹ̀ olómi, ibi ìtọ́jú igbó, ibi ìtọ́jú ẹranko, àwọn ọgbà orílẹ̀-èdè àti ilẹ̀ èyíkéyìí tí a ó fi pamọ́ fún ètò àyíká àti ìrìn àjò afẹ́ fún ire gbogbo àwọn aráàlú. Àwọn wọ̀nyí ni Òfin Ilẹ̀ (Orí 227) tí ó kà á léèwọ̀ fún ìjọba láti má ṣe yá tàbí kí wọ́n ya àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi kúrò. Ètò òfin mìíràn tí ó ń dáàbò bo àyíká ni Òfin Àyíká Orílẹ̀-èdè ti ọdún 2019.
== Ìpamọ́ ==
Ijọba Uganda ti bẹrẹ awọn igbiyanju itoju ati awọn ipolongo lati tọju awọn ilẹ olomi jakejado orilẹ-ede naa. Awọn ajọ ati awọn alabaṣiṣẹpọ labẹ Iṣowo Ìbáṣepọ̀ Ìṣàkóso akójọpọ̀ awọn Oko Ododopade papọ lati koju ibajẹ awọn ilẹ olomi ni ayika Ti o tobi ju Kampala lati ọdun 2022.
== Àwọn ìpèníjà ==
Ìtọ́jú ilẹ̀ olómi ní Uganda ti dojú kọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpèníjà, èyí sì ni bí iye ènìyàn ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i tí ó ń fa ìdènà sí àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi fún ibùgbé, iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti fún àwọn ohun àlùmọ́nì mìíràn. Nínú ìkànìyàn tí UBOS ṣe ní ọdún 2014, ó fi hàn pé iye ènìyàn tó ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n 3.2% lọ́dún kan, ó sì ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láti 12.6 mílíọ̀nù ní ọdún 1980 sí 34.8 mílíọ̀nù ní ọdún 2014. Èyí ti dí ìsapá ìjọba lọ́wọ́ láti dáàbò bo àwọn ohun àlùmọ́nì ilẹ̀ olómi, àti pé àwọn òfin àti ìlékúrò ni àwọn ọ̀nà míì tí ìjọba ti gbà láti ṣe é ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún.
== Wo tun ==
* Aláṣẹ Igbó Orílẹ̀-èdè
* Ìlera ní Uganda
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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Ile-iṣẹ fun Ayika ati Iyipada Oju-ọjọ (Qatar)
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317659026|Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Qatar)]]"
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{{Politics of Qatar}}
'''Ilé-iṣẹ́ fún Àyíká àti Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́''' a gbé e kalẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìpinnu mínísítà kan tí Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Nọ́mbà 57 ti ọdún 2021, wà níbẹ̀. Ilé-iṣẹ́ fún Àyíká àti Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́ jẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ìsìn tí ó ṣe àmọ̀jáde láti ṣàṣeyọrí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àfojúsùn, èyí tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ ni ààbò àyíká, ìtọ́jú àwọn ohun àlùmọ́nì rẹ̀, àti dín àwọn èéfín tí ó ń fa ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ kù..
Minisita lọwọlọwọ ni Abdulla bin Abdulaziz bin Turki Al Subaie..
== Àwọn iṣẹ́ ìránṣẹ́ ==
Ilé-iṣẹ́ fún Àyíká àti Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú gbogbo ohun tó jẹ mọ́ ọ̀ràn àyíká àti ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àti ní pàtàkì, ó ní àwọn wọ̀nyí:
* Ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àti ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà gbogbogbò láti dáàbò bo àyíká àti láti dín àwọn ìtújáde tí ó ń fa ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ kù.
* Ṣíṣe àti ṣíṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn ìwádìí tí ó yẹ láti dáàbò bo àyíká.
* Ṣíṣe àtìlẹ́yìn àti gbígbé àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ lórí mímú ìmọ̀ gbogbogbò nípa pàtàkì ìtọ́jú àti dídáàbòbò àyíká.
* Ṣíṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún lílo àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ láti ṣètìlẹ́yìn àti láti dáàbòbò àyíká.
* Ṣíṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àwọn ẹranko igbẹ́ àti àwọn ẹ̀dá inú omi, ààbò àwọn ibùgbé àdánidá wọn, àti títẹ̀lé àwọn iṣẹ́ tí ó jọmọ́ wọn.
* Ṣíṣe àkóso mímú àwọn ohun èlò kẹ́míkà àti ìtànṣán, àti ṣíṣàkóso àwọn ìdọ̀tí ìtànṣán, tẹ̀lé àwọn lílo agbára átọ́míìkì ní àlàáfíà.
* Ṣíṣe àgbékalẹ̀ lílo omi ìdọ̀tí tí a ti tọ́jú àti àwọn ìdọ̀tí líle tí a tún lò tí ó bá àyíká mu.
* Fífúnni ní àwọn ìwé-àṣẹ àyíká fún àwọn iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ ìdàgbàsókè ilé-iṣẹ́.
* Ṣíṣe àkíyèsí àwọn ìrúfin àyíká ilé-iṣẹ́ àti ṣíṣe àwọn àyẹ̀wò tí ó yẹ
* Ṣíṣe àkóso àti ṣíṣàbójútó àwọn ìpamọ́ ìṣẹ̀dá.
Orísun:
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<references />
e63qyjdcgxr3mv5a91vs9yc2gsjyckw
Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Ọdún Méje ti Mùsùlùmí lórí Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1252135645|Muslim Seven Year Action Plan on Climate Change]]"
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'''Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Ọdún Méje ti Musulumi lórí Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́''' jẹ́ ètò ètò ojúọjọ́ tí a gbèrò fún àwùjọ Musulumi kárí ayé, tí a gbé kalẹ̀ láti ọdún 2010 sí 2017. <ref>
{{Cite web|archivedate=4 March 2016}}
</ref> Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìjíròrò Àwọn Ènìyàn ti Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìṣòwò ti Kuwait fún Àwọn Ọ̀ràn Ìsìn àti Àwọn Ìsìn Ìsìn ni ó ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ rẹ̀. Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ètò ìgbésẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún tí àwọn àwùjọ ìsìn pàtàkì ṣe, tí a ṣe ní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú ajọṣepọ̀ awọn esìn àti Ìpamọ́ àti etò Ìdàgbàsókè Àjọ Àgbáyé.
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àjọṣepọ̀ awọn Ẹ̀sìn àti Ìpamọ́ ti sọ, ètò náà dábàá “ṣíṣe ìwádìí lórí gbogbo ìpele ìgbòkègbodò àwọn Mùsùlùmí láti ìgbésí ayé ojoojúmọ́ sí ìrìn àjò ọdọọdún, láti àwọn ìlú mímọ́ sí ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àwọn Mùsùlùmí lọ́jọ́ iwájú,” “ṣíṣe àwọn ìlú ńlá Mùsùlùmí gẹ́gẹ́ bí àpẹẹrẹ ìlú aláwọ̀ ewé fún àwọn agbègbè ìlú Mùsùlùmí mìíràn,” àti “ṣíṣe àkọlé Mùsùlùmí fún àwọn ọjà àti iṣẹ́ tó bá àyíká mu.” Ẹgbẹ́ kan tí a ń pè ní egbẹ́ Musulumi fún Ìgbésẹ̀ Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́ (MACCA, ọ̀rọ̀ kúkúrú kan tí a túmọ̀ sí “ [[Mẹ́kkà|Mecca]] ”) ni yóò ṣàkóso àwọn àbá náà.
== Àpérò Istanbul ti ọdún 2009 ==
Ní ìpàdé àtẹ̀lé kan ní Istanbul ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2009, nǹkan bí ọgọ́rùn-ún méjì àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé, àwọn olórí, àti àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba ló fọwọ́ sí ètò náà, wọ́n sì dá MACCA sílẹ̀. Àwọn tó fọwọ́ sí i ni Mufti Ńlá ti Íjíbítì, Sheikh Ali Goma'a, Mufti ti Palestine, Dr. Ekrama Sabri, Olùdámọ̀ràn fún Ọmọ-aládé Mecca àti Medina, àti Ẹgbẹ́ Ẹ̀kọ́, Ìmọ̀ Sáyẹ́ǹsì àti Àṣà Ìsìn Islam.
== Ifilọlẹ Windsor ti ọdun 2009 ==
Wọ́n ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ètò náà níbi ayẹyẹ Windsor ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2009.
== Ìpàdé Ìyípadà Afẹ́fẹ́ Ọdún 2010, Bogor ==
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé Islam Today ti sọ, ìpàdé àwọn Mùsùlùmí kárí ayé ti oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2010 lórí àwọn ọ̀ràn ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ ní Bogor, Indonesia ní ìjíròrò lórí onírúurú èrò ìlànà, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n kùnà láti gbé Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Mùsùlùmí tí a dámọ̀ràn lórí Ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ (MACCA) kalẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹgbẹ́ agboorun láti mú ìkéde Bogor ṣẹ.<ref>
{{Cite web|archivedate=18 April 2010}}
</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [http://www.dialogue4all.com/Emdc/M7YAP_draft.pdf Àkójọpọ̀ Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Ọdún Méje ti Mùsùlùmí ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2009 (PDF)]
qewyhthaq0459arn93n6awtovmggxiq
Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Ààrẹ fún Ààrẹ lórí Òfò
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1273163095|Presidential Climate Action Plan]]"
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'''Ètò Ìṣe Àyíká Ayé''' jẹ́ ètò àyíká tí Barack Obama, Ààrẹ 44 ti Amẹ́ríkà, gbé kalẹ̀, tí ó dábàá ìdínkù nínú ìtújáde erogba oloro. Ó ní nínú, dídáàbòbò igbó, fífún àwọn epo míì níṣìírí, àti mímú kí ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. A kọ́kọ́ ṣètò ètò náà ní ọdún 2008, lẹ́yìn náà a tún ṣe àtúnṣe rẹ̀ ní gbogbo ọdún méjì.
Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Ààrẹ Obama tó kẹ́yìn lórí ojúọjọ́, tí wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2013, ní àwọn ìlànà fún ilé iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú ète pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde erogba inú ilé kù, láti múra sílẹ̀ fún àwọn ipa tí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ yóò ní, àti láti ṣiṣẹ́ kárí ayé láti kojú ìyípadà ojúọjọ́. <ref name=":8">{{Cite news|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/06/25/fact-sheet-president-obama-s-climate-action-plan|title=FACT SHEET: President Obama's Climate Action Plan|date=June 25, 2013|access-date=April 5, 2017|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|language=en}}</ref>Láàrín àwọn ìlànà tí a gbé kalẹ̀ nínú ètò náà ni àwọn ètò láti mú kí ìtura àjálù àdánidá pọ̀ sí i, láti ṣẹ̀dá àti láti mú àwọn ilé ìwòsàn tó wà tẹ́lẹ̀ sunwọ̀n sí i, àti láti mú àwọn ètò ìṣiṣẹ́ tuntun láti kojú ojú ọjọ́ tó le koko jù. <ref name=":8" />
Ètò náà ìbá ti ṣètìlẹ́yìn fún ìtọ́jú ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ohun àlùmọ́nì omi, yóò sì ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ìmọ̀ nípa ojú ọjọ́, yóò sì fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn níṣìírí láti gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́, títí kan dín ìpakúpa igbó kù àti dín owó ìrànlọ́wọ́ kù tí ó ń mú kí lílo epo ìdáná pọ̀ sí i. Ètò náà mẹ́nu ba methane, iṣẹ́ kíkọ́ ilé, afẹ́fẹ́, oòrùn àti iná mànàmáná.
Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin Ilé Funfun tí wọ́n yàn tààrà láti ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ètò náà ni Heather Zichal àti Michelle Patron.
== Ìfagilé àti àtúnṣe Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Ojúọjọ́ ==
Ní ọjọ́ àkọ́kọ́ ipò ààrẹ Donald Trump, ojú òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù White House kéde pé ètò ìgbésẹ̀ ojúọjọ́ Obama yóò parẹ́, ó sì sọ pé ó “jẹ́ ohun tí ó léwu tí kò sì pọndandan”. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/america-first-energy|title=An America First Energy Plan|date=2017-01-19|language=en|access-date=2017-01-22}}</ref> Ní oṣù kẹta ọdún 2017, Trump fọwọ́ sí àṣẹ aláṣẹ láti fagilé Ètò Agbára Mímọ́ ti Obama gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìsapá kan, gẹ́gẹ́ bí wọ́n ti sọ, láti mú kí ilé iṣẹ́ èédú tún padà bọ̀ sípò.[1] Ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2021, ní ọjọ́ ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ààrẹ Amẹ́ríkà, Joe Biden, àṣẹ aláṣẹ Trump ni wọ́n fagilé nípasẹ̀ àṣẹ aláṣẹ "Dáàbòbò Ìlera Gbogbo Ènìyàn àti Àyíká àti Mímú Ìmọ̀ Sáyẹ́ǹsì Dáwọ́ Láti Kojú Ìṣòro Ojúọjọ́", nípa bẹ́ẹ̀ wọ́n tún mú Ètò Ìṣe Ojúọjọ́ Obama dáwọ́ dúró.
== Wo tun ==
* Ètò Ìṣe Afefe
* Ìyípadà Afefe ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà
* Ìṣàyẹ̀wò Afefe Orílẹ̀-èdè
* Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìwádìí Orílẹ̀-èdè, ìròyìn lórí ìyípadà Afefe
* Ipò Afefe
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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Ètò Ìṣe Afefe ti San Diego
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1306348894|San Diego Climate Action Plan]]"
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[[Fáìlì:Seal_of_San_Diego,_California.png|thumb|Àmì Ẹ̀ka ti San Diego, California]]
Ìlú '''San Diego gba Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Afẹ́fẹ́''' ni Ilu San Diego gba ni Oṣu Kejila ọdun 2015. Eto igbese oju-ọjọ agbegbe ni eyiti a ṣalaye awọn ofin rẹ nipasẹ Ofin Awọn Solusan Igbona Agbaye ti ọdun 2006 (AB 32), pẹlu ero lati dinku itujade gaasi eefin. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=California Fights Global Warming}}</ref> Nípasẹ̀ ètò yìí, ìlú náà kọ́kọ́ gbé àwọn góńgó kalẹ̀ láti mú ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde ewéko kúrò àti láti rí gbogbo agbára láti inú àwọn orísun tí a lè tún ṣe ní ọdún 2035. Pẹ̀lú àpapọ̀ àwọn oníṣòwò, àwọn olùgbèjà àyíká, àti àwọn olórí àwùjọ, Mayor Kevin Faulconer fọwọ́ sí Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Ojúọjọ́. Ètò náà ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ètò láti rí i dájú pé ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé àti àyíká ìlú San Diego dájú. Wọ́n tọ́ka sí i nínú ìwé ìròyìn egbẹ́ ajọ-Ìgbìmọ̀-Ẹ̀ka San Diego gẹ́gẹ́ bí “ètò ìgbésẹ̀ ojúọjọ́ tó lágbára jùlọ ní California.”
== Àwọn ọgbọ́n ọgbọ́n ==
Ètò náà dá àwọn ẹ̀ka pàtàkì márùn-ún mọ̀:
# Lilo omi ati agbara to munadoko ninu ikole ile
# Awọn orisun agbara ti o le ṣatunṣe
# Gbigbe ati pinpin ilẹ
# Ìmúkúrò ẹ̀gbin
# A loju sí àwọn wàhálà ojú ọjọ́
Wọ́n kà ìrìnnà sí ẹ̀ka tó tóbi jùlọ tí ó ń dààmú nítorí àfikún rẹ̀ sí àwọn ìtújáde ewéko àti nítorí gbígbìyànjú láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnnà ewéko gíga. Láti rí i dájú pé ètò náà ń lọ síwájú, àwọn ìpele mẹ́ta ló wà nínú Ètò Ìṣe Ojúọjọ́: Ìpele 1: Ìgbésẹ̀ Àkọ́kọ́ 2016-2017, Ìpele 2: Àárín Ìgbà 2018-2020, àti Ìpele 3: Ìgbà Pípẹ́ 2021-2035. Ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀ka nínú ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ àti àwùjọ yóò kópa láti ṣe àṣeyọrí góńgó ìfẹ́ fún ọjọ́ iwájú tó dára jù. Ìpolongo Ìṣe Ojúọjọ́ ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìdáhùn sí ètò yìí pẹ̀lú èyí tí àwọn àjọ bíi Ẹgbẹ́ Sierra . Àwọn ìròyìn tí wọ́n ní a gbọ́dọ̀ ṣe láti tọ́pasẹ̀ ìṣíwájú ètò yìí. Pupọ ninu iyipada ti a dabaa si agbara isọdọtun da lori iyipada lati SDG&E si olupese agbara yiyan agbegbe tuntun ti a pe ni agbára awùjọ San Diego.
A ti pin awọn apa marun ti ilu naa da mọ si awọn ọgbọn pàtó mẹfa, ọkọọkan pẹlu awọn ibi-afẹde kọọkan. IIlana 1, Decarbonization of the Built Ayika, dojukọ lori iyipada awọn amayederun ilu lati lo awọn orisun agbara mimọ. <ref name=":02" /> A ti yan agbara agbegbe San Diego lati pese agbara mimọ fun awọn ile tuntun gẹgẹbi apakan ti igbiyanju decarbonization yii IIlana meji, Wiwọle si Agbara Mimọ ati Agbara Tuntun, ni ero lati pese awọn orisun agbara miiran lati dinku igbẹkẹle lori awọn epo fosaili. <ref name=":02" /> Láti ṣe èyí, ìlú San Diego ti kópa nínú dídá Àjọ Àpapọ̀ Àwọn Agbára Àpapọ̀ sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlú Chula Vista, Encinitas, Imperial Beach, àti La Mesa láti ṣe òfin fún àjọ àṣàyàn àwùjọ lórí agbára àtúnṣe. Ilana keta, Iṣipopada ati Lilo Ilẹ, fojusi lori eto ilu ti o ṣe pataki fun irin-ajo ti o gbẹkẹle ati lilo agbara daradara. <ref name=":02" /> Eyi pẹlu idagbasoke Eto Iṣe Gbigbe ti o ni ero lati dinku idiyele, mu ṣiṣe dara si, ati ṣafikun ifarada oju-ọjọ sinu awọn amayederun irin-ajo. Ìlànà 4, Ètò-ọrọ̀-ajé yíká àti Àwọn Àgbègbè Mímọ́, ni a fojúsùn sí ìdínkù egbin. <ref name=":02" /> Ìlọsíwájú sí ibi-afẹ́de yìí títí di ìsinsìnyí ni a ti so mọ́ Òfin Àtúnlò Ìlú tí ó pàṣẹ fún àtúnlò àwọn ohun èlò tí ó yẹ. Ìlànà 5, Àwọn Ohun Èlò Agbára Resilient àti Àwọn Ecosystems Alágbára, ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú sísopọ̀ àwọn ohun èlò ìlú pọ̀ mọ́ àyíká àdánidá láti mú kí ìlú náà le koko síi lòdì sí àwọn àjálù àdánidá . <ref name=":02" /> Àwọn ìsapá ti wà lórí ṣíṣe igbó ìlú ní Balboa Park . Ìlànà 6, Ìgbésẹ̀ Àyíká Tó Ń Bọ̀, dojúkọ ipa ti àwọn àjọṣepọ̀ àwùjọ láti ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àti láti ṣe àbójútó àwọn ọgbọ́n márùn-ún tí ó ti kọjá. <ref name=":02" />
== Àwọn góólù ==
Àwọn góólù tí a fojúsùn sí ìdínkù àwọn ìtújáde (tí a wọ̀n ní MT)<chem>CO2</chem> e, tàbí ìwọ̀n metric ti carbon dioxide tó dọ́gba ) títí di ọdún 2035. Ìpìlẹ̀ tí a lò fún ètò ìgbésẹ̀ náà dá lórí ìròyìn ọdún 2010 níbi tí àpapọ̀ ìtújáde náà jẹ́ 12,984,993 MT ti <chem>CO2</chem> e. Àwọn ìtújáde tí a fojú sí, tí a kò bá ṣe àtúnṣe kankan, fún ọdún 2020 jẹ́ 14,124,690 MT ti <chem>CO2</chem> e, àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ọdún 2030 jẹ́ 15,856,604 MT ti <chem>CO2</chem> e, àti àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ọdún 2035 jẹ́ 16,716,020 MT ti <chem>CO2</chem> e. Ètò ìgbésẹ̀ ojúọjọ́ fún ìlú San Diego ṣírò ìdínkù sí 11,037, 244 MT ti <chem>CO2</chem> ní ọdún 2020, 7,790,996 MT ti <chem>CO2</chem> e ní ọdún 2039, àti 6,492,497 ti MT ti <chem>CO2</chem> e ní ọdún 2035. <ref name=":0" /> Ní àfikún, ìṣẹ̀dá iṣẹ́ aláwọ̀ ewé jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn góńgó tí a ṣàlàyé nínú ètò ìgbésẹ̀ pàtó fún ṣíṣẹ̀dá iṣẹ́ nínú àtúnṣe tuntun àti títẹ̀síwájú "ìgbésẹ̀ aláwọ̀ ewé" fún ìlú náà. Àwọn aṣáájú San Diego tẹnu mọ́ ìṣẹ̀dá iṣẹ́ bí ìlú náà ṣe wà ní ipò keje lórí Àtòjọ Ìdarí Ọgbọ́n-ẹ̀rọ ti Imọ-ẹrọ Mimọ AMẸRIKA ti ọdún 2017. Nínú àtúnṣe ẹ̀dà ètò náà ti ọdún 2021, àwọn olórí ìlú dámọ̀ràn yíyí àfojúsùn ọdún 2035 padà sí èrè tí kò ní sí .
== Ìṣàkóso ==
=== Àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ ===
Ìjọba ìlú San Diego ti bá àwọn ìjọba àti àwọn àjọ ìbílẹ̀ mìíràn ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀ láti gbèjà fún ṣíṣe ìpinnu tó bá ètò ìgbésẹ̀ ojúọjọ́ ìlú náà mu. Eto agbara isọdọtun ilu naa ni a ṣe atilẹyin fun nipasẹ eto erogba ti ko ni erogba ti agbegbe ti a ṣe nipasẹ Agbegbe San Diego pẹlu atilẹyin lati Ile-ẹkọ UC San Diego ti Eto imulo agbaye ati Ilana. Ṣíṣe àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú SANDAG àti Ètò Ìrìnnà Àgbáyé ti San Diego ti ṣe pàtàkì nínú ṣíṣe ìlànà ìrìnnà pẹ̀lú ìfàsẹ́yìn ọkọ̀ ojú irin Mid-Coast 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2022-09-22}}</ref>
== Imuse ==
=== Ìròyìn 2018 ===
Ìròyìn ọdọọdún ti Iṣe Afefe San Diego ti ọdún 2018 ṣàlàyé ìlọsíwájú ti ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ẹ̀ka márùn-ún náà. Fún ẹ̀ka àyíká tí a kọ́ àti ìrìnnà, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mẹ́ta tí a kọ sínú ìròyìn ìgbésẹ̀ ojúọjọ́ ti ọdún 2018 ju góńgó ọdún 2020 lọ. Àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìfúnni omi kò mú ìwádìí kankan jáde, ṣùgbọ́n ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti ìtọ́jú kò tó àádọ́rin igi láti ṣe àṣeyọrí góńgó igi 14,000 tí a gbìn. Omi àti omi ìdọ̀tí lè dín lílo omi agbègbè náà kù sí 13% àti ẹ̀ka agbára tí a fi àwọn ètò oòrùn ilé 38,510 sí àwọn ilé tí ó wà tẹ́lẹ̀. Èyí ṣeé ṣe ní apá kan láti ọwọ́ Agbára Mímọ́ tí a ṣe àyẹ̀wò ohun ìní (PACE), èyí tí ó fún àwọn onílé láyè láti sanwó fún fífi oòrùn wọn sí orí owó orí ohun ìní wọn. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2017-02-23|title=Property assessed clean energy}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Ìròyìn Ìṣe Afẹ́fẹ́ Ọdún 2018
! Ẹ̀ka
! Iṣe
! '''MT <chem display="inline">CO2</chem> Idinku e'''
|-
| Àyíká / Ìrìnnà
| Ilẹ̀ Ìtọ́jú
| 4,621
|-
| Àyíká / Ìrìnnà
| Àwọn Ohun Èlò Ogbin
| 509
|-
| Àyíká / Ìrìnnà
| Dín àwọn ìtújáde agbègbè kù (àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́)
| 2,796
|-
| Ogbin / Itọju
| Àwọn páìpù ìrísí iná mànàmáná
| 0
|-
| Ogbin / Itọju
| Gbin awọn igi diẹ sii
| 493
|-
| Agbára
| Din lilo agbara agbegbe ku
| 8,692
|-
| Agbára
| Oorun lori awọn ile ti o wa tẹlẹ
| 84,350
|-
| Agbára
| Agbara isọdọtun agbegbe (ni aaye)
| 1,931
|-
| Omi / Omi Egbin
| Dín lílo omi ní agbègbè kù
| 190
|-
| Omi / Omi Egbin
| Ìbísí agba òjò
| 61
|-
| colspan="2" | Idinku lapapọ titi di ọdun 2018
| 103,643
|}
=== 2020 ===
Ìròyìn Ètò Ìṣe-afẹ́fẹ́ ti ọdún 2020 sọ pé àwọn ìtújáde gaasi afẹ́fẹ́ ti dínkù sí 25% ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 2010, ṣùgbọ́n a lè sọ pé ọ̀rọ̀ yìí jẹ́ àṣejù nítorí pé ó gbára lé àwọn àbá ìpìlẹ̀ tí kò gba ìdínkù iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ lẹ́yìn Ìparẹ́-ọ̀sẹ̀ Nlá .
Nígbà tí ó ń ṣe àyẹ̀wò ipò ìgbékalẹ̀ náà, olùpolongo àyíká Nicole Kapretz sọ pé, “Ìlọsíwájú díẹ̀ ti wà, ṣùgbọ́n kò tilẹ̀ sún mọ́ ohun tí a nílò. Ó jẹ́ ìgbésẹ̀ kékeré nígbà tí a bá nílò ìfò sókè.”
=== 2021 ===
Ìròyìn olùṣàyẹ̀wò ìlú ní ọdún 2021 rí àìsí ìṣirò owó, ìtọ́pinpin ìlọsíwájú tí kò dára, àwọn ẹrù iṣẹ́ tí kò ṣe kedere, àti ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ díẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìpàdé ẹ̀ka méjì tí ó ń wáyé lẹ́ẹ̀kan lọ́dún ní ọdún 2019 àti 2020. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìlú náà gbà láti ṣe àwọn àbá láti ọ̀dọ̀ olùṣàyẹ̀wò, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ àyíká ṣe àríwísí ìdádúró ìtújáde ètò ìgbésẹ̀ ìrìnàjò. <ref name=":1" />
Ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021, wọ́n ṣí àfikún ọkọ̀ San Diego Trolley Blue Line, èyí tó lè dín ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ kù.
=== 2022 ===
Ní ọdún 2022, ìlú náà kò lè dé ibi tí wọ́n fẹ́ gbé egbin sí ní 75% ní ọdún 2020, ó sì ti dúró ní 65% láti ọdún 2017. Ìpíndọ́gba àwọn arìnrìn-àjò tí kò gbẹ́kẹ̀lé ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ti wà ní 15%, a sì retí pé wọn kò ní tó 30% ní ọdún 2035, èyí tí ó kéré sí 50%. Ìwádìí kan tí ọ́fíìsì Todd Gloria ṣe ní ọdún 2022 fi hàn pé àwọn iṣẹ́ agbára tí wọ́n ń ṣe láti yípadà ní ìlú náà lè dá iṣẹ́ tuntun tó tó ọgọ́ta sí àádọ̀rún sílẹ̀ lọ́dọọdún láti ọdún 2022 sí 2035, ṣùgbọ́n pípadánù ètò gáàsì yóò yọrí sí iṣẹ́ tó dín sí 60 sí 65 lọ́dún.
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341718682|Global Climate Action (portal)]]"
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'''Ìgbésẹ̀ Àyíká Ayé Àgbáyé''', tí a mọ̀ ní ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí '''Non-state Actor Zone for Climate Action''' (NAZCA), jẹ́ ojú òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù kan tí a ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2014 nípasẹ̀ Ìpàdé Àkójọpọ̀ Àgbáyé lórí Ìyípadà Afẹ́fẹ́ (UNFCCC). <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/532303a.pdf?origin=ppub|accessdate=15 December 2019|title=NAZCA: Track climate pledges of cities and companies|archive-date=12 May 2024}}</ref>Ète ojú òpó wẹ́ẹ̀bù náà ni láti pèsè ìwífún nípa ìgbésẹ̀ ojúọjọ́ kárí ayé. Ojú òpó náà ní àwọn ìlérí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè, ìlú ńlá, àwọn oníṣòwò àti àwọn àjọpọ̀ àgbáyé, títí kan àwọn tí ó jẹ́ ara Àdéhùn Paris. Ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2019, ojú òpó náà ní àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ 24,910 tí àwọn òṣèré 17,025 ṣe. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=9 October 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=12 November 2019}}</ref>
Ibùdó náà ṣe pàtàkì nítorí pé, bí gbogbo ìlérí tó wà nínú Àdéhùn Paris (gẹ́gẹ́ bí wọ́n ṣe dúró ní ọdún 2019) bá ṣẹ, a ṣì ń retí pé kí ooru náà ga sí i ní 3.2 °C (5.8 °F) ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/26/united-nations-global-effort-cut-emissions-stop-climate-chaos-2030|title=UN calls for push to cut greenhouse gas levels to avoid climate chaos|archivedate=22 January 2020|accessdate=27 November 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=4 December 2019}}</ref> Ìròyìn kan tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2019 ṣáájú Àpérò Ìgbésẹ̀ Ojúọjọ́ ti UN ti ọdún 2019 sọ pé ìmúṣẹ gbogbo ìlérí tí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ àgbáyé, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè, àwọn ìlú ńlá, àwọn agbègbè, àti àwọn oníṣòwò ṣe (kì í ṣe nínú Àdéhùn Paris nìkan) yóò tó láti dín ìbísí iwọ̀n otútù tí a retí kù sí 2 °C (3.6 °F) ṣùgbọ́n kì í ṣe sí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F). <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=13 December 2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìlérí míràn ni a ṣe ní ìpàdé UN ti ọdún 2019 lórí ojú ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite news|title=This is what the world promised at the UN climate action summit|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2019/10/02/world-promised-un-climate-action-summit/|accessdate=15 December 2019|archivedate=5 October 2019}}</ref> àti ní ìparí ọdún náà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=15 December 2019}}</ref> Gbogbo ìwífún nípa àwọn ìlérí náà ni a fi ránṣẹ́ sí ojú òpó náà, èyí tí ó ń ran àwùjọ onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì lọ́wọ́ láti mọ bí wọ́n ṣe mú ṣẹ. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=19 August 2023}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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Ẹgbẹ́ Àjọ Ojúọjọ́ ti Germany
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349942592|German Climate Consortium]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Infobox organization|name=Deutsches Klima-Konsortium e. V.|logo=|abbreviation=DKK|formation=2008|type=[[Registered association (Germany)|Registered association]]|headquarters=|location=[[Berlin]]|num_members=26|website=[http://www.deutsches-klima-konsortium.de/en/startseite.html www.klima-konsortium.de]}}
'''Deutsches Klima-Konsortium e. V.''' ( '''DKK''' ; '''German Climate Consortium''' ) wa ni ilu Berlin, Germany, o si n ṣoju fun awon olukopa pataki ninu iwadi oju ojo ati ipa oju ojo ti Germany ti o ni awon ajo iwadi olokiki 26. Ajo naa tun je alabaṣepọ kariaye pataki ti o nsise bi itọsọna, alabaṣepọ eto-ọrọ, alabaṣepọ ise agbese ati alagbata alaye.
== Àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ==
# Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Alfred Wegener Ile-iṣẹ́ Helmholtz fún Ìwádìí Àwọn Apá Pólà àti Òkun (AWI)
# Ẹgbẹ́ Yunifásítì Berlin (BUA)
# Ile-iṣẹ́ fún Ìwádìí àti Ìdúróṣinṣin Ètò Ayé (CEN) ní Yunifásítì Hamburg
# Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn Ọ̀lá Jùlọ "Òkun Ọjọ́ Iwájú" ní Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel
# Ile-iṣẹ Federal fun Cartography ati Geodesy (BKG)
# Ile-iṣẹ GEOMAR Helmholtz fun Iwadi Okun Kiel
# Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Físíìsì Afẹ́fẹ́ ní Ilé-iṣẹ́ Afẹ́fẹ́ ti Germany (DLR)
# Ile-iṣẹ Iṣiro Oju-ọjọ ti Germany (DKRZ)
# Ile-iṣẹ Ayika ti Ilu Jamani (UBA)
# Iṣẹ́ Ìwádìí Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè Jámánì (DWD)
# Ile-iṣẹ Helmholtz fun Iwadi Ayika (UFZ)
# Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Ile-iṣẹ fun Awọn ohun elo ati Iwadi Etikun (HZG)
# Ile-iṣẹ Helmholtz Potsdam, Ile-iṣẹ Iwadi fun Awọn Imọ-jinlẹ Ilẹ-ara Jamani (GFZ)
# Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ fún Àwọn Ẹ̀kọ́ Ìgbésí-ayé Tó Tẹ̀síwájú (IASS)
# Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Agbára àti Ìwádìí Afẹ́fẹ́ ní Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìwádìí Jülich (FZ Jülich)
# Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ fún Ìwádìí Ojú-ọjọ́ àti Ojú-ọjọ́ ní Ile-ẹkọ Imọ-ẹrọ Karlsruhe (KIT)
# Ile-ẹkọ Leibniz fun Iwadi Okun Baltic (IOW)
# Ile-ẹkọ Leibniz fun Iwadi Tropospheric (TROPOS)
# MARUM - Ile-iṣẹ fun Awọn Imọ-jinlẹ Ayika Omi ni Yunifasiti ti Bremen
# Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Max Planck fún Biochemistry (MPI-BGC)
# Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Max Planck fún Kẹ́mísírì (MPI-C)
# Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Max Planck fún Ìwòye Ọjọ́ (MPI-M)
# Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Potsdam fún Ìwádìí Àkóbá Ojúọjọ́ (PIK)
# Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ìmọ̀ nípa àyíká (IUP) ní Yunifásítì Bremen
# Ile-ẹkọ Fisiksi ati Oju-ọjọ ni Yunifasiti ti Hohenheim (UHOH)
# Ile-iṣẹ Heidelberg fun Ayika (HCE) ni Yunifasiti Heidelberg
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Àfojúsùn ojú ọjọ́ ìyípo meji
0
80442
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323453304|2 degree climate target]]"
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[[Fáìlì:Global_CO2_Pathways_Using_Remaining_Carbon_Budgets.svg|thumb|350x350px|Àwòrán yìí ṣàfihàn ìwọ̀n tí ìtújáde <sub>CO2</sub> àgbáyé gbọ́dọ̀ dínkù lẹ́yìn ọdún 2024 láti dín ìbísí iwọ̀n otútù àgbáyé kù sí 1.5, 1.7, tàbí 2.0 degrees Celsius láìgbára lé àwọn ìtújáde tí kò dára. <ref>{{Cite web|location=Exeter, UK}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Global_Temperature_Anomaly.svg|thumb|Ìdàgbàsókè ti iwọn otutu ilẹ ati okun 1880-2020 ni akawe pẹlu apapọ 1951-1980]]
'''Àfojúsùn ìpele méjì''' ni ibi-afẹde eto imulo oju-ọjọ agbaye ti idinku ooru agbaye si kere ju iwọn Celsius meji (3.6 iwọn Fahrenheit) ni akawe pẹlu awọn ipele ṣaaju iṣelọpọ ile-iṣẹ (1850–1900). O jẹ apakan pataki ti adehun oju-ọjọ Paris. Ète yìí jẹ́ ìpinnu ìṣèlú tí a gbé ka ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì nípa àwọn àbájáde tí ó ṣeéṣe kí ó jẹ́ ti ìgbóná ayé, tí a bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ìpàdé Copenhagen ní ọdún 2009. <ref>{{Cite report|url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/11a01.pdf|title=Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteenth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009|date=30 March 2010|access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ewu ojúọjọ́, tí wọ́n sábà máa ń gbé kalẹ̀ títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, 2100, lo àfojúsùn 2°C gẹ́gẹ́ bí àmì ìtọ́kasí. Àkókò tí a ti sọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìwọ̀n otútù àgbáyé yóò dé +2 °C ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àkókò ṣáájú iṣẹ́-ajé (1850–1900) ni a ń pè ní “ọdún tí ń kọjá”. <ref name="Hannah">{{Cite journal|last1=Hannah|first1=L.|title=30×30 for Climate: The History and Future of Climate Change–Integrated Conservation Strategies|date=13 November 2023|url=free|access-date=27 November 2023|language=en}}</ref>
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi àfojúsùn kárí ayé fún ìdínkù àwọn ìtújáde, a ti máa ń ṣe àríwísí ibi àfojúsùn 2°C nígbà gbogbo fún pé ó ga ju bí a ṣe fẹ́ lọ. nítorí pé ìwọ̀n ìgbóná méjì yóò ní àwọn àbájáde tó burú fún ènìyàn àti àyíká. <ref name="Roberts">{{Cite news|last1=Roberts|first1=David|title=This graphic explains why 2 degrees of global warming will be way worse than 1.5|url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/1/19/16908402/global-warming-2-degrees-climate-change|access-date=27 November 2023|date=19 January 2018|language=en}}</ref> Ìròyìn Pàtàkì IPCC lórí Ìgbóná Àgbáyé ti 1.5 °C (2018) ní àgbéyẹ̀wò kíkún lórí àwọn ìyàtọ̀ tó ṣeéṣe nínú ipa "dídíwọ̀n ìgbóná àgbáyé sí 1.5 °C ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú 2 °C", èyí tó kìlọ̀ pé ìbísí iwọ̀n otútù 2 °C yóò burú sí i, èyí tó ní ojú ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, ìdínkù yìnyín òkun Arctic, ìpele omi òkun tó ń pọ̀ sí i, ìfọ́ coral, àti pípadánù àyíká. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=IPCC|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009157940/type/book|title=Global Warming of 1.5 °C: IPCC Special Report on impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels in context of strengthening response to climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty|date=2018}}</ref>
Ipa iyipada oju-ọjọ ko dọgba: <ref name="NASA2023" /> fun apẹẹrẹ, awọn agbegbe ilẹ maa n gbona ni iyara ju awọn agbegbe okun lọ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009157940/type/book|title=Global Warming of 1.5 °C: IPCC Special Report on impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels in context of strengthening response to climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty|date=2018}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFIPCC2018">IPCC (2018). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009157940/type/book ''Global Warming of 1.5 °C: IPCC Special Report on impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels in context of strengthening response to climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty''] (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/9781009157940.001|10.1017/9781009157940.001]]. [[ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-009-15794-0|<bdi>978-1-009-15794-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> NASA ti ṣe apẹẹrẹ awọn iyipada ti a sọ tẹlẹ ninu awọn oniyipada oju-ọjọ pataki mẹfa: iwọn otutu afẹfẹ, ojo riro, ọriniinitutu ibatan, iyara afẹfẹ, ati itankalẹ oorun kukuru ati gigun, pẹlu akiyesi pataki si awọn ipa wọn lori wahala ooru ati oju ojo ina . Awọn awoṣe ṣeto data NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 ti NASA ni ipa ni iwọn aaye ti o nipọn, eyiti a le lo lati ṣe idanimọ awọn agbegbe eewu pataki ati lati ṣe agbekalẹ awọn eto iṣe iyipada ati idinku fun awọn agbegbe kan pato. Loke 2 A ti sọ asọtẹlẹ pe awọn ipa ti o lewu ati ti o le waye yoo waye ni iwọn otutu, pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn agbegbe ti o ni awọn ipa pupọ ni akoko kanna nitori iyipada oju-ọjọ. <ref name="NASA2023">{{Cite news|title=NASA Study Reveals Compounding Climate Risks at Two Degrees of Warming|url=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3278/nasa-study-reveals-compounding-climate-risks-at-two-degrees-of-warming/|work=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=August 14, 2023|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Park">{{Cite journal|title=What Does Global Land Climate Look Like at 2 °C Warming?|date=May 2023|url=free|language=en}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2022, Ètò Àyíká ti UN ròyìn pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè kò tíì dé ibi tí wọ́n fẹ́ dé títí di òní. Nítorí náà, Àdéhùn Àpérò Ìlànà UN lórí Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́ sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìbísí pọ̀ sí i láàrín 2.1 and 2.9 °C ní iwọ̀n otutu ní 2100, tí ó ju 2 lọ Àfojúsùn ojú ọjọ́ 2 . <ref name="Hodgson">{{Cite news|last=Hodgson|title=Climate graphic of the week: World on track for up to 2.6C temperature rise by 2100, reports UN|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b1796010-3c8f-4d79-8993-c32255736240|date=October 27, 2022}}</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì kan dábàá pé ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ decarbonization lè fúnni ní ọ̀nà láti yí ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn nǹkan padà nínú afẹ́fẹ́. Bí ìwọ̀n otútù bá tilẹ̀ ga ju 2 lọ °C, o le ṣee ṣe lati da awọn ilosoke duro tabi yi pada ni opin orundun naa ki o si mu Ipele pada si awọn ipele ti a fihan nipasẹ adehun oju-ọjọ Paris. <ref name="Hannah">{{Cite journal|last=Hannah|title=30×30 for Climate: The History and Future of Climate Change–Integrated Conservation Strategies|date=13 November 2023|doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-112321-114023|url=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHannahMidgley2023">Hannah, L.; Midgley, G.F. (13 November 2023). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-112321-114023|"30×30 for Climate: The History and Future of Climate Change–Integrated Conservation Strategies"]]. ''Annual Review of Environment and Resources''. '''48''' (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>24. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-112321-114023|10.1146/annurev-environ-112321-114023]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1543-5938 1543-5938]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Iru ipo yii ni a pe ni "ọna ti o kọja". <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=IPCC|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009157940/type/book|title=Global Warming of 1.5 °C: IPCC Special Report on impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels in context of strengthening response to climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty|date=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-009-15794-0|edition=1|doi=10.1017/9781009157940.001}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFIPCC2018">IPCC (2018). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009157940/type/book ''Global Warming of 1.5 °C: IPCC Special Report on impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels in context of strengthening response to climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty''] (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/9781009157940.001|10.1017/9781009157940.001]]. [[ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-009-15794-0|<bdi>978-1-009-15794-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Ṣiṣe aṣeyọri iru abajade bẹẹ yoo nilo iṣakoso iran pupọ fun ọpọlọpọ awọn ọdun. <ref name="Hannah" />
== Wo tun ==
* Ènìyàn
* Àfojúsùn ojú ọjọ́ ojú ọjọ́
* Ìtẹ̀sí Keeling
* Agbara ayika
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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Owo-ori iwadi itujade ogbin
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341065373|Agricultural emissions research levy]]"
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'''Owó orí tí wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ fún ìwádìí ìtújáde epo oko''' jẹ́ ìdámọ̀ràn owó orí tí ó ń fa àríyànjiyàn ní New Zealand. A kọ́kọ́ dábàá rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2003, yóò sì gba owó tí a fojú díwọ̀n $8.4 mílíọ̀nù lọ́dọọdún láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn àgbẹ̀ ẹran ọ̀sìn (láti inú iye owó tí a fojú díwọ̀n $50–125 mílíọ̀nù lọ́dọọdún tí ó jẹ́ ìnáwó fún gbogbo ènìyàn tí ó jẹ́ nítorí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì ewéko bíi methane tí àwọn ẹranko oko ń tú jáde), èyí tí a ìbá ti lò láti ṣe ìwádìí lórí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì ewéko ilé iṣẹ́ ẹran ọ̀sìn, láti mú kí orílẹ̀-èdè náà tẹ̀síwájú láti tẹ̀lé ìlànà Kyoto. <ref name="MAF">{{Cite book|authorlink=Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry|title=Agricultural Emissions Research Funding|date=June 2003|publisher=New Zealand Climate Change Office, Te Hōtaka Rerekētanga Ahuarangi ō Aotearoa|url=http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/sustainable-resource-use/climate/agricultural-emissions-research-funding|isbn=0-478-07757-2|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013024747/http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/sustainable-resource-use/climate/agricultural-emissions-research-funding|archivedate=13 October 2007}}</ref>
== Ìtàn ==
Ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2003, ìròyìn kan tí a pèsè fún Ilé-iṣẹ́ Àgbẹ̀ àti Ẹja (ìròyìn O'Hara <ref>{{Cite book|title=Abatement of agricultural non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions : a study of research requirements|date=2003|publisher=Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry|isbn=0-478-07754-8|location=[Wellington, N.Z.]}}</ref> ) fi hàn pé bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé FRST àti MAF ń pèsè owó díẹ̀ fún ìtújáde oko, "Ìpele ìdókòwò nínú ìwádìí ìdínkù láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun ìjọba àti ti ara ẹni mìíràn ti kéré". Ìròyìn náà ṣe àyẹ̀wò pé ó kéré tán $4.5 mílíọ̀nù (tó dára jù $8.4 mílíọ̀nù) ti owó afikún ni a óò nílò láti fi ṣe ìnáwó fún ètò ìwádìí tí a dámọ̀ràn.
Ní ọdún 2003, àwọn aṣòfin ti ẹgbẹ́ ACT àti egbẹ́ Àgbáyé. tako owó orí náà. Ṣùgbọ́n nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yín wọ́n dábàá ọ̀nà mìíràn láti yanjú owó orí náà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti ṣàlàyé rẹ̀ ní ìsàlẹ̀ yìí. Shane Ardern, ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ National Party, wa ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ kan lọ sí àtẹ̀gùn Ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú ìfẹ̀hónúhàn lòdì sí owó orí náà.
Ní ọdún 2004, ẹgbẹ́ àwọn oníṣòwò ẹran gbà láti san owó fún apá kan nínú ìwádìí yìí (kì í ṣe nípasẹ̀ owó orí), ìjọba sì ní ẹ̀tọ́ láti tún wo owó orí náà bí àwọn tàbí ilé iṣẹ́ náà bá yọ ara wọn kúrò nínú àdéhùn náà.
Ní New Zealand, àwọn ẹranko oko ló ń fa ìtújáde gaasi afẹ́fẹ́ tó tó 50%, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìṣirò méjì tó wà lábẹ́ òfin ṣe sọ, àti pé àdéhùn Kyoto lè fipá mú New Zealand láti san ìjìyà tí wọn kò bá dín ìwọ̀n gaasi kù. Ìwádìí fihàn pé àwọn ohun ọ̀sìn ní àgbáyé jẹ́ olùrànlọ́wọ́ pàtàkì sí ìtújáde kárí ayé (NZ ń kó àwọn wàrà àti ẹran wọn jáde ní ìwọ̀n pàtàkì, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe sọ nínú Eto-ọrọ aje ti Ilu Niu silandii .)
Ní ọdún 2004, nígbà tí ẹgbẹ́ egbẹ́ Òṣìṣẹ́ ṣì ń ṣe olórí ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin, àwọn àgbẹ̀ ẹran ọ̀sìn ní New Zealand gbà láti ṣe àfikún sí ìwádìí ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó jọra, àti láti ṣe ìnáwó fún apá kan tí a kò sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ nínú owó tí egbẹ́ Ìwádìí Gáàsì Àyíká Pásítọ̀ ń ná. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123561039911777481|work=The Wall Street Journal|title=Silencing the Lambs: Scientists Target Sheep Belching to Cut Methane|date=26 February 2009}}</ref>
Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2009, ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè kéde pé wọ́n máa ṣe ìgbìyànjú láti dá àjọpọ̀ àgbáyé sílẹ̀ láti ṣe ìwádìí lórí àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìtújáde gaasi afẹ́fẹ́ kù nítorí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀. Wọ́n yan Simon Upton, aṣojú ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú orílẹ̀-èdè tẹ́lẹ̀ àti Mínísítà fún Àyíká, gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣojú pàtàkì láti bá àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn sọ̀rọ̀ lórí ọ̀rọ̀ náà.
== Àríyànjiyàn ==
Àwọn àgbẹ̀ ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn alárìíwísí mìíràn ṣàpèjúwe owó orí náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí "owó orí ìtútù " tàbí "owó orí ìtútù" <ref name="fickling-2003">
{{Cite news|title=Farmers raise stink over New Zealand 'fart tax'|date=5 September 2003|location=London, United Kingdom|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/sep/05/australia.davidfickling}}
</ref> (bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn orúkọ ìpè wọ̀nyí jẹ́ ohun tí kò tọ́, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìṣelọ́pọ̀ methane ẹranko jẹ́ àbájáde ìtútù methane tí bakitéríà ń ṣe ní ikùn àkọ́kọ́ ( rumen ) dípò ìtútù ), ààrẹ àwọn agbẹ̀ apapọ̀ sì jiyàn pé ìjọba ń gbìyànjú láti jẹ́ kí ilé iṣẹ́ ẹran ọ̀sìn san owó fún "ìtútù" àwọn ẹlòmíràn. <ref name="BBC" />
Ní ìyàtọ̀ sí èyí, àwọn tó fọwọ́ sí irú owó orí bẹ́ẹ̀ jiyàn pé àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé tí ẹnìkan bá jẹ iye tó pọ̀ jù lára àwọn ọjà tó ń mú kí owó ìtọ́jú ìlera pọ̀ sí i (nínú ètò kan tí àwọn aráàlú máa ń pín owó ìtọ́jú ara wọn) – tàbí àwọn tí ìwà wọn ń ba àyíká jẹ́, tàbí tí àwọn ẹranko ẹni bá nílò oògùn ajẹ́kúkúrò nígbà gbogbo láti mú kí àwọn àrùn tó lè fa àrùn sunwọ̀n sí i, àwọn oògùn ajẹ́kúkúrò tó lè mú kí àwọn kòkòrò tó lè kọlu ènìyàn pọ̀ sí i – nígbà náà, ẹni náà yóò kàn san owó tó pọ̀ fún ara rẹ̀, àti owó tí ìwà wọn ń ná sí àwùjọ (àti àwọn alátakò jiyàn pé ''ó yẹ kí'' ènìyàn san owó tó pọ̀ sí i, bí ẹni ṣe ń ṣe tàbí kí ó jẹ ohun tó ń pa àwọn ẹlòmíràn lára nínú àwùjọ rẹ̀) (wo owó orí Pigovian pẹ̀lú).
== Wo tun ==
* Iyipada oju-ọjọ ni Ilu Niu silandii
* Ogbin ni Ilu Niu silandii
* Ojiji Gigun ti Eranko – Awon Oro Ayika ati Awon Ibi;
* Iyipada oju-ọjọ ati iṣẹ-ogbin: ẹran-ọsin
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071013024747/http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/sustainable-resource-use/climate/agricultural-emissions-research-funding/ Ìfowópamọ́ fún Ìwádìí Ìtújáde Iṣẹ́ Àgbẹ̀] – ìwé ìjíròrò
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060305071801/http://neon.otago.ac.nz/chemistry/magazine/magazine.php?csNum=38 Ẹ̀ka Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Kemistri], Yunifásítì Otago – “Methane – àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbóná” ( ẹ̀rín ìtútù Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Kiwi ti Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ Kemistri)
0eqscz9p7m7e0xkvh11tc0u5waq2q4p
Ipa ile eefin
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357995196|Greenhouse effect]]"
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[[Fáìlì:Climate_Change_Schematic.svg|thumb]]
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse_effect_with_energy_flows_shown_by_altitude.svg|thumb|Agbára ń ṣàn láti oòrùn àti láti orí ilẹ̀ ayé àti [[Ojúọ̀run|afẹ́fẹ́]] rẹ̀. Nígbà tí àwọn gáàsì afẹ́fẹ́ bá fa ìtànṣán tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú jáde, wọ́n ń dènà ìtànṣán náà láti sá lọ sí ojú ọ̀run, èyí sì ń mú kí ìwọ̀n otútù ojú ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí {{Convert|33|C-change}} .]]
Ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí àwọn gáàsì tí ń di ooru mú nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ayé kan bá dènà ayé náà láti tú ooru rẹ̀ sí òde òfurufú (space), èyí tí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i. Ìgbóná ojú ilẹ̀ lè wá láti inú orísun ooru inú ayé náà fúnra rẹ̀ (gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí ní Jupiter), tàbí láti orísun òde bíi ìràwọ̀ tí ayé náà ń yí ká. Ní ti Ilẹ̀ Ayé, Oòrùn ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú (shortwave radiation), ìyẹn ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn, tí ń kọjá láàrín àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì láti gbóná ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde, tí ó jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ ni àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì máa ń gba. Èyí ń dín ìyára tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi lè tutù kù, ó sì ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru rẹ̀ ga sí i.
[[Ẹ̀ka:Ojúọ̀run]]
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Tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ sí Yorùbá àti ṣíṣàfikún àwọn ìtọ́kasí
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[[Fáìlì:Climate_Change_Schematic.svg|thumb]]
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse_effect_with_energy_flows_shown_by_altitude.svg|thumb|Agbára ń ṣàn sọ̀kalẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ Oòrùn wá sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ó sì tún ń ṣàn sókè láti Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ padà. Nígbà tí àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin bá gba ìtànṣán tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde, wọ́n ń dènà ìtànṣán náà láti bọ́ sí òde òfurufú. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ 33 °C (59 °F).]]
Ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí àwọn gáàsì tí ń di ooru mú nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ayé kan bá dènà ayé náà láti tú ooru rẹ̀ sí òde òfurufú (space), èyí tí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i. Ìgbóná ojú ilẹ̀ lè wá láti inú orísun ooru inú ayé náà fúnra rẹ̀ (gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí ní Jupiter), tàbí láti orísun òde bíi ìràwọ̀ tí ayé náà ń yí ká. Ní ti Ilẹ̀ Ayé, Oòrùn ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú (shortwave radiation), ìyẹn ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn, tí ń kọjá láàrín àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì láti gbóná ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde, tí ó jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ ni àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì máa ń gba. Èyí ń dín ìyára tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi lè tutù kù, ó sì ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru rẹ̀ ga sí i.
Láìsí ipa ilé eefin, àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò jẹ́ bí −18 °C (−0.4 °F) tó tutù.<ref>{{cite web |title=Solar Radiation and the Earth's Energy Balance |url=http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041104033042/http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ |archive-date=4 November 2004 |access-date=15 October 2010 |work=The Climate System – EESC 2100 Spring 2007 |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref><ref name="IPCC4_ch012">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |vauthors=Le Treut H, Somerville R, Cubasch U, Ding Y, [[Cecilie Mauritzen|Mauritzen C]], Mokssit A, Peterson T, Prather M |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |veditors=Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL |location=Cambridge, UK and New York, NY |page=97 |chapter=Historical Overview of Climate Change Science |access-date=25 March 2014 |chapter-url=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126204443/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |archive-date=26 November 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Èyí jìnnà sí àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ 14 °C (57 °F) ní ọ̀rúndún ogún (20th century).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Elusive Absolute Surface Air Temperature (SAT) |url=http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html |website=[[Goddard Institute for Space Studies]] |publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NOAA]] |access-date=3 September 2008 |archive-date=5 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905093320/http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="clchgtrack">{{cite web |title=Yearly average temperature |url=https://climatechangetracker.org/global-warming/yearly-average-temperature |website=Climate Change Tracker}}</ref> Lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin tí ó ti wà ní àdánidá, sísun epo fosaili ti mú kí iye carbon dioxide àti methane nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref name="ipcc-AR4WG1" /><ref name="budget">{{cite web|last=Rebecca|first=Lindsey|date=14 January 2009|title=Climate and Earth's Energy Budget : Feature Articles|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121082936/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php|archive-date=21 January 2021|access-date=14 December 2020|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref> Nítorí èyí, títí di ọdún 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AR6 Synthesis Report: Summary for Policymakers Headline Statements |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/resources/spm-headline-statements/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.ipcc.ch |language=en}}</ref> ìgbóná ayé tó tó 1.2 °C (2.2 °F) ti ṣẹlẹ̀ láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-Ọ̀nà (Industrial Revolution),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fox|first=Alex|title=Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Reaches New High Despite Pandemic Emissions Reduction|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-reaches-new-high-despite-pandemic-emissions-reduction-180977945/|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610130852/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-reaches-new-high-despite-pandemic-emissions-reduction-180977945/|url-status=live}}</ref> pẹ̀lú pé àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n 0.18 °C (0.32 °F) ní gbogbo ọdún mẹ́wàá láti ọdún 1981.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Rebecca |last1=Lindsey |first2=Luann |last2=Dahlman |title=Climate Change: Global Temperature |website=NOAA Climate.gov |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature#:~:text=Earth%27s%20temperature%20has%20risen%20by,0.18%C2%B0%20C)%20per%20decade.
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615053036/http://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature#:~:text=Earth%27s%20temperature%20has%20risen%20by,0.18%C2%B0%20C)%20per%20decade.
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=15 June 2013
}}</ref>
Gbogbo àwọn nǹkan tí ìwọ̀n ooru wọn bá ga ju odo pípé (absolute zero) lọ máa ń tú ìtànṣán ooru (thermal radiation) jáde. Ìgbì ìtànṣán ooru tí Oòrùn àti Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde yàtọ̀ síra wọn nítorí pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú wọn kò dọ́gba. Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Oòrùn jẹ́ 5,500 °C (9,900 °F), nítorí náà ó ń tú púpọ̀ nínú agbára rẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú (shortwave radiation) nínú àwọn ìgbì near-infrared àti ìmọ́lẹ̀ tí ojú lè rí (visible wavelengths), èyí tí a mọ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn. Ní ìdàkejì, ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ní ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré gan-an, nítorí náà ó ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde nínú àwọn ìgbì infrared àárín àti infrared jíjìn.<ref name="budget" /> Gáàsì kan ni a ń pè ní gáàsì ilé eefin bí ó bá lè gba ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn. Afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gba 23% péré nínú ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú tí ń wọlé láti ọ̀dọ̀ Oòrùn, ṣùgbọ́n ó ń gba 90% nínú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde.<ref name="eeb1">{{cite web |title=What is Earth's Energy Budget? Five Questions with a Guy Who Knows |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/what-is-earth-s-energy-budget-five-questions-with-a-guy-who-knows |website=NASA.gov |date=10 April 2017 |access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref> Nítorí èyí, afẹ́fẹ́ ń kó agbára jọ, ó sì ń mú kí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná sí i.
Ìwàláàyè ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) (bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a kò tíì pè é ní orúkọ yìí nígbà náà) ni Joseph Fourier kọ́kọ́ dámọ̀ràn rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1824.<ref name="Fourier 1824 136–167">{{Cite journal |last=Fourier |first=J. |date=1824 |title=Remarques Generales sur les Temperatures Du Globe Terrestre et des Espaces Planetaires |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136 |url-status=live |journal=Annales de Chimie et de Physique |language=fr |volume=27 |pages=136–167 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802195946/https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136 |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref> Claude Pouillet tún mú àríyànjiyàn náà lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú ẹ̀rí ní ọdún 1827 àti 1838. Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn lágbára sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide.<ref name="Foote 382–383">{{cite book |last=Foote |first=Eunice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382 |title=Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays |date=November 1856 |work=The American Journal of Science and Arts |volume=22 |pages=382–383 |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234235/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382%2F |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Huddleston">{{cite web |last=Huddleston |first=Amara |date=17 July 2019 |title=Happy 200th birthday to Eunice Foote, hidden climate science pioneer |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234240/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer/ |archive-date=30 September 2020 |access-date=8 October 2019 |website=NOAA Climate.gov}}</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ “greenhouse” ni Nils Gustaf Ekholm kọ́kọ́ lo fún ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ní ọdún 1901.<ref name="easterbrook.ca">{{cite web |last1=Easterbrook |first1=Steve |date=18 August 2015 |title=Who first coined the term "Greenhouse Effect"? |url=http://www.easterbrook.ca/steve/2015/08/who-first-coined-the-term-greenhouse-effect/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113131713/http://www.easterbrook.ca/steve/2015/08/who-first-coined-the-term-greenhouse-effect/ |archive-date=13 November 2015 |access-date=11 November 2015 |website=Serendipity}}</ref><ref name="Ekholm N 1901 1–62">{{cite journal |author=Ekholm N |year=1901 |title=On The Variations Of The Climate Of The Geological And Historical Past And Their Causes |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |volume=27 |pages=1–62 |bibcode=1901QJRMS..27....1E |doi=10.1002/qj.49702711702 |number=117}}</ref>
== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
mdg636kl88y6tb6748bc607noivb9wt
622450
622446
2026-06-16T11:12:07Z
NigerianScribe
33701
Tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ sí Yorùbá àti ṣíṣàfikún àwọn ìtọ́kasí
622450
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Fáìlì:Climate_Change_Schematic.svg|thumb]]
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse_effect_with_energy_flows_shown_by_altitude.svg|thumb|Agbára ń ṣàn sọ̀kalẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ Oòrùn wá sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ó sì tún ń ṣàn sókè láti Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ padà. Nígbà tí àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin bá gba ìtànṣán tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde, wọ́n ń dènà ìtànṣán náà láti bọ́ sí òde òfurufú. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ 33 °C (59 °F).]]
Ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí àwọn gáàsì tí ń di ooru mú nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ayé kan bá dènà ayé náà láti tú ooru rẹ̀ sí òde òfurufú (space), èyí tí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i. Ìgbóná ojú ilẹ̀ lè wá láti inú orísun ooru inú ayé náà fúnra rẹ̀ (gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí ní Jupiter), tàbí láti orísun òde bíi ìràwọ̀ tí ayé náà ń yí ká. Ní ti Ilẹ̀ Ayé, Oòrùn ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú (shortwave radiation), ìyẹn ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn, tí ń kọjá láàrín àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì láti gbóná ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde, tí ó jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ ni àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì máa ń gba. Èyí ń dín ìyára tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi lè tutù kù, ó sì ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru rẹ̀ ga sí i.
Láìsí ipa ilé eefin, àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò jẹ́ bí −18 °C (−0.4 °F) tó tutù.<ref>{{cite web |title=Solar Radiation and the Earth's Energy Balance |url=http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041104033042/http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ |archive-date=4 November 2004 |access-date=15 October 2010 |work=The Climate System – EESC 2100 Spring 2007 |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref><ref name="IPCC4_ch012">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |vauthors=Le Treut H, Somerville R, Cubasch U, Ding Y, [[Cecilie Mauritzen|Mauritzen C]], Mokssit A, Peterson T, Prather M |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |veditors=Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL |location=Cambridge, UK and New York, NY |page=97 |chapter=Historical Overview of Climate Change Science |access-date=25 March 2014 |chapter-url=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126204443/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |archive-date=26 November 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Èyí jìnnà sí àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ 14 °C (57 °F) ní ọ̀rúndún ogún (20th century).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Elusive Absolute Surface Air Temperature (SAT) |url=http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html |website=[[Goddard Institute for Space Studies]] |publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NOAA]] |access-date=3 September 2008 |archive-date=5 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905093320/http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="clchgtrack">{{cite web |title=Yearly average temperature |url=https://climatechangetracker.org/global-warming/yearly-average-temperature |website=Climate Change Tracker}}</ref> Lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin tí ó ti wà ní àdánidá, sísun epo fosaili ti mú kí iye carbon dioxide àti methane nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-ipcc-AR4WG1-5</ref><ref name="budget">{{cite web|last=Rebecca|first=Lindsey|date=14 January 2009|title=Climate and Earth's Energy Budget : Feature Articles|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121082936/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php|archive-date=21 January 2021|access-date=14 December 2020|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref> Nítorí èyí, títí di ọdún 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AR6 Synthesis Report: Summary for Policymakers Headline Statements |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/resources/spm-headline-statements/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.ipcc.ch |language=en}}</ref> ìgbóná ayé tó tó 1.2 °C (2.2 °F) ti ṣẹlẹ̀ láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-Ọ̀nà (Industrial Revolution),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fox|first=Alex|title=Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Reaches New High Despite Pandemic Emissions Reduction|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-reaches-new-high-despite-pandemic-emissions-reduction-180977945/|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610130852/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-reaches-new-high-despite-pandemic-emissions-reduction-180977945/|url-status=live}}</ref> pẹ̀lú pé àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n 0.18 °C (0.32 °F) ní gbogbo ọdún mẹ́wàá láti ọdún 1981.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Rebecca |last1=Lindsey |first2=Luann |last2=Dahlman |title=Climate Change: Global Temperature |website=NOAA Climate.gov |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature#:~:text=Earth%27s%20temperature%20has%20risen%20by,0.18%C2%B0%20C)%20per%20decade.
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615053036/http://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature#:~:text=Earth%27s%20temperature%20has%20risen%20by,0.18%C2%B0%20C)%20per%20decade.
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=15 June 2013
}}</ref>
Gbogbo àwọn nǹkan tí ìwọ̀n ooru wọn bá ga ju odo pípé (absolute zero) lọ máa ń tú ìtànṣán ooru (thermal radiation) jáde. Ìgbì ìtànṣán ooru tí Oòrùn àti Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde yàtọ̀ síra wọn nítorí pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú wọn kò dọ́gba. Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Oòrùn jẹ́ 5,500 °C (9,900 °F), nítorí náà ó ń tú púpọ̀ nínú agbára rẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú (shortwave radiation) nínú àwọn ìgbì near-infrared àti ìmọ́lẹ̀ tí ojú lè rí (visible wavelengths), èyí tí a mọ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn. Ní ìdàkejì, ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ní ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré gan-an, nítorí náà ó ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde nínú àwọn ìgbì infrared àárín àti infrared jíjìn.<ref name="budget" /> Gáàsì kan ni a ń pè ní gáàsì ilé eefin bí ó bá lè gba ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn. Afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gba 23% péré nínú ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú tí ń wọlé láti ọ̀dọ̀ Oòrùn, ṣùgbọ́n ó ń gba 90% nínú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde.<ref name="eeb1">{{cite web |title=What is Earth's Energy Budget? Five Questions with a Guy Who Knows |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/what-is-earth-s-energy-budget-five-questions-with-a-guy-who-knows |website=NASA.gov |date=10 April 2017 |access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref> Nítorí èyí, afẹ́fẹ́ ń kó agbára jọ, ó sì ń mú kí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná sí i.
Ìwàláàyè ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) (bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a kò tíì pè é ní orúkọ yìí nígbà náà) ni Joseph Fourier kọ́kọ́ dámọ̀ràn rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1824.<ref name="Fourier 1824 136–167">{{Cite journal |last=Fourier |first=J. |date=1824 |title=Remarques Generales sur les Temperatures Du Globe Terrestre et des Espaces Planetaires |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136 |url-status=live |journal=Annales de Chimie et de Physique |language=fr |volume=27 |pages=136–167 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802195946/https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136 |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref> Claude Pouillet tún mú àríyànjiyàn náà lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú ẹ̀rí ní ọdún 1827 àti 1838. Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn lágbára sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide.<ref name="Foote 382–383">{{cite book |last=Foote |first=Eunice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382 |title=Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays |date=November 1856 |work=The American Journal of Science and Arts |volume=22 |pages=382–383 |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234235/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382%2F |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Huddleston">{{cite web |last=Huddleston |first=Amara |date=17 July 2019 |title=Happy 200th birthday to Eunice Foote, hidden climate science pioneer |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234240/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer/ |archive-date=30 September 2020 |access-date=8 October 2019 |website=NOAA Climate.gov}}</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ “greenhouse” ni Nils Gustaf Ekholm kọ́kọ́ lo fún ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ní ọdún 1901.<ref name="easterbrook.ca">{{cite web |last1=Easterbrook |first1=Steve |date=18 August 2015 |title=Who first coined the term "Greenhouse Effect"? |url=http://www.easterbrook.ca/steve/2015/08/who-first-coined-the-term-greenhouse-effect/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113131713/http://www.easterbrook.ca/steve/2015/08/who-first-coined-the-term-greenhouse-effect/ |archive-date=13 November 2015 |access-date=11 November 2015 |website=Serendipity}}</ref><ref name="Ekholm N 1901 1–62">{{cite journal |author=Ekholm N |year=1901 |title=On The Variations Of The Climate Of The Geological And Historical Past And Their Causes |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |volume=27 |pages=1–62 |bibcode=1901QJRMS..27....1E |doi=10.1002/qj.49702711702 |number=117}}</ref>
== Ìtumọ̀ ==
A ṣe ìtúmọ̀ ipa ilé-gíláàsì lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé gẹ́gẹ́ bí: “Ìpa ìtànṣán infurarẹ́dì (infrared radiative effect) ti gbogbo àwọn ohun tí ń gba ìtànṣán infurarẹ́dì nínú afẹ́fẹ́. Àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin (GHGs), àwọsánmà (clouds), àti díẹ̀ nínú aerosols ń gba ìtànṣán ilẹ̀ (terrestrial radiation) tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti apá míì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń tú jáde.”<ref name="IPCC">IPCC, 2021: Annex VII: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexVII.pdf Glossary] [Matthews, J.B.R., V. Möller, R. van Diemen, J.S. Fuglestvedt, V. Masson-Delmotte, C. Méndez, S. Semenov, A. Reisinger (eds.)]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2215–2256, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.022.</ref>
Ìpa ilé-gíláàsì tí a ti mú lágbára (enhanced greenhouse effect) ń ṣàlàyé pé nípa fífi iye àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin (GHGs) pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (nítorí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn), a ń mú kí ipa ilé-gíláàsì àdánidá pọ̀ sí i.<ref name="IPCC" />
== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
055uyc7c9h2gyqh4se9zu396haxvnbv
622452
622450
2026-06-16T11:19:34Z
NigerianScribe
33701
Tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ sí Yorùbá àti ṣíṣàfikún àwọn ìtọ́kasí
622452
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Fáìlì:Climate_Change_Schematic.svg|thumb]]
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse_effect_with_energy_flows_shown_by_altitude.svg|thumb|Agbára ń ṣàn sọ̀kalẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ Oòrùn wá sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ó sì tún ń ṣàn sókè láti Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti afẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ padà. Nígbà tí àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin bá gba ìtànṣán tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde, wọ́n ń dènà ìtànṣán náà láti bọ́ sí òde òfurufú. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ 33 °C (59 °F).]]
Ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí àwọn gáàsì tí ń di ooru mú nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ayé kan bá dènà ayé náà láti tú ooru rẹ̀ sí òde òfurufú (space), èyí tí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i. Ìgbóná ojú ilẹ̀ lè wá láti inú orísun ooru inú ayé náà fúnra rẹ̀ (gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí ní Jupiter), tàbí láti orísun òde bíi ìràwọ̀ tí ayé náà ń yí ká. Ní ti Ilẹ̀ Ayé, Oòrùn ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú (shortwave radiation), ìyẹn ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn, tí ń kọjá láàrín àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì láti gbóná ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde, tí ó jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ nínú rẹ̀ ni àwọn gáàsì ilé-gíláàsì máa ń gba. Èyí ń dín ìyára tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé fi lè tutù kù, ó sì ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru rẹ̀ ga sí i.
Láìsí ipa ilé eefin, àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò jẹ́ bí −18 °C (−0.4 °F) tó tutù.<ref>{{cite web |title=Solar Radiation and the Earth's Energy Balance |url=http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041104033042/http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/ |archive-date=4 November 2004 |access-date=15 October 2010 |work=The Climate System – EESC 2100 Spring 2007 |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref><ref name="IPCC4_ch012">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |vauthors=Le Treut H, Somerville R, Cubasch U, Ding Y, [[Cecilie Mauritzen|Mauritzen C]], Mokssit A, Peterson T, Prather M |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |veditors=Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL |location=Cambridge, UK and New York, NY |page=97 |chapter=Historical Overview of Climate Change Science |access-date=25 March 2014 |chapter-url=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126204443/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |archive-date=26 November 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Èyí jìnnà sí àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ 14 °C (57 °F) ní ọ̀rúndún ogún (20th century).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Elusive Absolute Surface Air Temperature (SAT) |url=http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html |website=[[Goddard Institute for Space Studies]] |publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NOAA]] |access-date=3 September 2008 |archive-date=5 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905093320/http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="clchgtrack">{{cite web |title=Yearly average temperature |url=https://climatechangetracker.org/global-warming/yearly-average-temperature |website=Climate Change Tracker}}</ref> Lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin tí ó ti wà ní àdánidá, sísun epo fosaili ti mú kí iye carbon dioxide àti methane nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect#cite_note-ipcc-AR4WG1-5</ref><ref name="budget">{{cite web|last=Rebecca|first=Lindsey|date=14 January 2009|title=Climate and Earth's Energy Budget : Feature Articles|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121082936/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php|archive-date=21 January 2021|access-date=14 December 2020|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref> Nítorí èyí, títí di ọdún 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AR6 Synthesis Report: Summary for Policymakers Headline Statements |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/resources/spm-headline-statements/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.ipcc.ch |language=en}}</ref> ìgbóná ayé tó tó 1.2 °C (2.2 °F) ti ṣẹlẹ̀ láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Iṣẹ́-Ọ̀nà (Industrial Revolution),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fox|first=Alex|title=Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Reaches New High Despite Pandemic Emissions Reduction|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-reaches-new-high-despite-pandemic-emissions-reduction-180977945/|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610130852/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-reaches-new-high-despite-pandemic-emissions-reduction-180977945/|url-status=live}}</ref> pẹ̀lú pé àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n 0.18 °C (0.32 °F) ní gbogbo ọdún mẹ́wàá láti ọdún 1981.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Rebecca |last1=Lindsey |first2=Luann |last2=Dahlman |title=Climate Change: Global Temperature |website=NOAA Climate.gov |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature#:~:text=Earth%27s%20temperature%20has%20risen%20by,0.18%C2%B0%20C)%20per%20decade.
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615053036/http://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature#:~:text=Earth%27s%20temperature%20has%20risen%20by,0.18%C2%B0%20C)%20per%20decade.
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=15 June 2013
}}</ref>
Gbogbo àwọn nǹkan tí ìwọ̀n ooru wọn bá ga ju odo pípé (absolute zero) lọ máa ń tú ìtànṣán ooru (thermal radiation) jáde. Ìgbì ìtànṣán ooru tí Oòrùn àti Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde yàtọ̀ síra wọn nítorí pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú wọn kò dọ́gba. Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú Oòrùn jẹ́ 5,500 °C (9,900 °F), nítorí náà ó ń tú púpọ̀ nínú agbára rẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú (shortwave radiation) nínú àwọn ìgbì near-infrared àti ìmọ́lẹ̀ tí ojú lè rí (visible wavelengths), èyí tí a mọ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ Oòrùn. Ní ìdàkejì, ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ní ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré gan-an, nítorí náà ó ń tú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn (longwave radiation) jáde nínú àwọn ìgbì infrared àárín àti infrared jíjìn.<ref name="budget" /> Gáàsì kan ni a ń pè ní gáàsì ilé eefin bí ó bá lè gba ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn. Afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gba 23% péré nínú ìtànṣán igbi-kúkúrú tí ń wọlé láti ọ̀dọ̀ Oòrùn, ṣùgbọ́n ó ń gba 90% nínú ìtànṣán igbi-gígùn tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń tú jáde.<ref name="eeb1">{{cite web |title=What is Earth's Energy Budget? Five Questions with a Guy Who Knows |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/what-is-earth-s-energy-budget-five-questions-with-a-guy-who-knows |website=NASA.gov |date=10 April 2017 |access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref> Nítorí èyí, afẹ́fẹ́ ń kó agbára jọ, ó sì ń mú kí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé gbóná sí i.
Ìwàláàyè ipa ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouse effect) (bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a kò tíì pè é ní orúkọ yìí nígbà náà) ni Joseph Fourier kọ́kọ́ dámọ̀ràn rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1824.<ref name="Fourier 1824 136–167">{{Cite journal |last=Fourier |first=J. |date=1824 |title=Remarques Generales sur les Temperatures Du Globe Terrestre et des Espaces Planetaires |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136 |url-status=live |journal=Annales de Chimie et de Physique |language=fr |volume=27 |pages=136–167 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802195946/https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136 |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref> Claude Pouillet tún mú àríyànjiyàn náà lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú ẹ̀rí ní ọdún 1827 àti 1838. Ní ọdún 1856, Eunice Newton Foote fi hàn pé ipa ìgbóná Oòrùn lágbára sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní ìrì omi ju afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbẹ lọ, àti pé ipa náà túbọ̀ lágbára sí i pẹ̀lú carbon dioxide.<ref name="Foote 382–383">{{cite book |last=Foote |first=Eunice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382 |title=Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays |date=November 1856 |work=The American Journal of Science and Arts |volume=22 |pages=382–383 |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234235/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382%2F |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Huddleston">{{cite web |last=Huddleston |first=Amara |date=17 July 2019 |title=Happy 200th birthday to Eunice Foote, hidden climate science pioneer |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234240/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer/ |archive-date=30 September 2020 |access-date=8 October 2019 |website=NOAA Climate.gov}}</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ “greenhouse” ni Nils Gustaf Ekholm kọ́kọ́ lo fún ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ní ọdún 1901.<ref name="easterbrook.ca">{{cite web |last1=Easterbrook |first1=Steve |date=18 August 2015 |title=Who first coined the term "Greenhouse Effect"? |url=http://www.easterbrook.ca/steve/2015/08/who-first-coined-the-term-greenhouse-effect/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113131713/http://www.easterbrook.ca/steve/2015/08/who-first-coined-the-term-greenhouse-effect/ |archive-date=13 November 2015 |access-date=11 November 2015 |website=Serendipity}}</ref><ref name="Ekholm N 1901 1–62">{{cite journal |author=Ekholm N |year=1901 |title=On The Variations Of The Climate Of The Geological And Historical Past And Their Causes |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |volume=27 |pages=1–62 |bibcode=1901QJRMS..27....1E |doi=10.1002/qj.49702711702 |number=117}}</ref>
== Ìtumọ̀ ==
A ṣe ìtúmọ̀ ipa ilé-gíláàsì lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé gẹ́gẹ́ bí: “Ìpa ìtànṣán infurarẹ́dì (infrared radiative effect) ti gbogbo àwọn ohun tí ń gba ìtànṣán infurarẹ́dì nínú afẹ́fẹ́. Àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin (GHGs), àwọsánmà (clouds), àti díẹ̀ nínú aerosols ń gba ìtànṣán ilẹ̀ (terrestrial radiation) tí ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti apá míì nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń tú jáde.”<ref name="IPCC">IPCC, 2021: Annex VII: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexVII.pdf Glossary] [Matthews, J.B.R., V. Möller, R. van Diemen, J.S. Fuglestvedt, V. Masson-Delmotte, C. Méndez, S. Semenov, A. Reisinger (eds.)]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2215–2256, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.022.</ref>
Ìpa ilé-gíláàsì tí a ti mú lágbára (enhanced greenhouse effect) ń ṣàlàyé pé nípa fífi iye àwọn gáàsì ilé eefin (GHGs) pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (nítorí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn), a ń mú kí ipa ilé-gíláàsì àdánidá pọ̀ sí i.<ref name="IPCC" />
== Ọ̀rọ̀ ìmọ̀-ọrọ ==
Ọ̀rọ̀ “ipa ilé-gíláàsì” (greenhouse effect) wá láti ìfiwéra sí ilé-gíláàsì (greenhouses). Mejeeji ilé-gíláàsì àti ipa ilé-gíláàsì ń ṣiṣẹ́ nípa pípa ooru tí ó wá láti ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn pamọ́, ṣùgbọ́n ọ̀nà tí wọ́n fi ń pa ooru náà yàtọ̀ síra. Ilé-gíláàsì máa ń pa ooru mọ́ jùlọ nípa díẹ̀kù ìrìnàjò afẹ́fẹ́ (convection), ìyẹn ìrìn afẹ́fẹ́ láàrín àyè.<ref>{{cite web |first=John |last=Worley |title=Greenhouses: Heating, Cooling and Ventilation |website=University of Georgia Extension |url=https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B792&title=greenhouses-heating-cooling-and-ventilation |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312234640/https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B792&title=greenhouses-heating-cooling-and-ventilation |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ipccar4wg1ch1">{{cite book |title=Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007, Chapter 1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. |page=115 |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg1/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |quote=The glass walls in a greenhouse reduce airflow and increase the temperature of the air inside. Analogously, but through a different physical process, the Earth's greenhouse effect warms the surface of the planet.}}</ref> Ní ìdàkejì, ipa ilé-gíláàsì ń pa ooru mọ́ nípa díẹ̀kù ìtànṣán ooru (radiative transfer) láàrín afẹ́fẹ́, àti nípa dín ìwọ̀n tí ìtànṣán ooru (thermal radiation) fi ń jáde sí òde òfurufú kù.<ref name=":0" />
== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
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