ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ

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    <title>ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ</title>
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'''ⵉⵙⵃⴰⴽ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵏ''' ⵏⵖ '''ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ''' (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Isaac Newton) (25 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1642 – 20 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1727) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵓ [[ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ]], ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ|ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ]] ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ [[ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉ|ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉ]], ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ, ⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵡⵏⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ/ⴰⵎⴽⵕⴰⴹ (Trinity College) ⴳ [[ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ]], ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵓⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ. ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ «ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ/ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ» (Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica), ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&lt;ref&gt;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ - ⵙⵜⵉⴼⵏ ⵀⵓⴽⵉⵏⴳ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵖⴼⴰⵡⴰⵍ/ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵍⴱⵏⵏⴰⵢ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 15. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ 1687, ⵉ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵍⴰⵙⵉⴽⵜ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵥⵕⵉ|ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵥⵕⵉ/ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ]] (Optique).

== ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ==
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1642 ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ [[ⵍⵉⵏⴽⵓⵍⵏⵛⴰⵢⵔ]] ⴳ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ, ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵢⵢⵉⵔⵏ. ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵔⴰⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⵯⴰⵍ/ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ, ⵜⴼⵍ ⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵥⵜ ⵏ ⵊⴷⴷⴰⵙ/ⵏⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵎⴰⵔⴳⴰⵕⵉⵜ ⴰⵢⵙⴽⵓⴼ]],&lt;ref&gt;ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ - ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵍ ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏⵙⵏ - ⴰⵙⵄⵕⵕⴱ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵡⴰⵏ ⵍⴱⵡⴰⴱ - ⵜⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣⵜ  ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ 2005 - ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 14.&lt;/ref&gt; ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵛⵓⵏⴳⴰ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵔⵎ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⵏⵛⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴽⵔⴰⵣ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵥⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴳ ⴳⵔⴰⵏⵜⵀⴰⵎ. ⴷ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵜⴰⵢⵡⵏⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ&quot; ⴳ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵔⵉⵚⵟⵓ|ⵓⵔⵉⵙⵟⵓ]] ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵏ. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵍ/ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ, ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵏⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵏⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ (ⴰⵡⵍⵉⵡⵍ) ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴱⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⴷⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⴷ, ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵉⴽⴷⴰ/ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ ⴷ [[ⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ|ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ]], ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⵍⵓⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ.

== ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ ==
ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵣⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⵎⴰⵎ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵍⴰⵢⴱⵏⵉⵜⵣ) ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⴷ, ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ. ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ, ⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵖ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴼ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴼⵙⴰⵢ/ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵢⴰⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵍⴰⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵕⵕⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴽⵍⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ/ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵕⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⴳⴳⵯ/ⵓⴳⵓⴳⵥⵕ (ⴰⴳⵓⴳⵏⴰⵢ) ⴰⵎⵀⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵉⵏⵜⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏⴼ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵓⴼ/ⵓⵄⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵡⴽⵍⵓ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵉⵡⴰⴼⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ «ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ».&lt;ref&gt;ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ, [https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2024/1/28/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B1 ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ], ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ==
ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⴰⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵍⴰⵙⵉⴽⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ «ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ/ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ» ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ 1687. ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⴽⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵟⵟⴰⵕⵏ/ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵡⴰⵃⵏ ⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓ ⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴷⵊⴰⵏ [[ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ|ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ]] ⴳ ⵉⵥⵢⴰⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ]]. ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵢⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ/ⵜⵎⵙⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ (comètes), ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⴷⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵣⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵎⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⵉ [[ⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ|ⵢⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ |last=Taton |first=R. |url=https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=rkQKU-wfPYMC&amp;pg=PA233&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |title=Planetary Astronomy from the Renaissance to the Rise of Astrophysics, Part A, Tycho Brahe to Newton |last2=Wilson |first2=C. |last3=Hoskin |first3=Michael |date=2003-09-18 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54205-0 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⴱⵖⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵖⵣⵉⴼ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓ ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵏⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵖⴼ [[ⴰⴽⴰⵍ (ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ)|ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ |title=Newton’s Laws of Motion {{!}} Glenn Research Center {{!}} NASA |url=https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-to-aeronautics/newtons-laws-of-motion/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251012112624/https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-to-aeronautics/newtons-laws-of-motion/ |archive-date=2025-10-12 |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=Glenn Research Center {{!}} NASA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ; ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉ, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1696, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ [[ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ]] ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵕⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⴱⵍⴰⵏⵜ/ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⴰⵙ/ⵓⵇⵊⵉⵔ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴹⴼⵓⵕ/ⵜⴹⴼⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴷⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵏⵥⴰⵜⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ&lt;ref&gt;White 1997, p. 267&lt;/ref&gt;. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ, ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⵓⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵍⵓⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⴼ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵍⵓⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ. ⴰⵎ ⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ/ⵙ ⵓⴷⴰⴽⴰⴹ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵜ &quot;ⴰⵏ&quot; ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ &quot;ⵙⵙⵉⵔ&quot; ⴳ 1705, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ.

== ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵎⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴹⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⵍⵍⵉ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵎⵎⴰⵡⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵡⵉⵏ; ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵕⵓⵎⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵖⴰⵏ/ⴰⵎⵙⵙⴳⴷ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⵖ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵎⵎⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ (ⵜⴰⵔⵜⴰⵎⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ) ⴷ ⵢⵓⴳⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵎⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵙ ⵓⴼⴼⵉⵔ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵓⵎⵜ. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴼ ⴰⴼⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴳⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴹⴽⴰⴹⵏ/ⵉⵙⵏⵉⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵍⵜⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵔⴰⵎⵙⵓ/ⵓⵏⵏⵖⵣⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ (ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ), ⵜⵉⵖⴹⴼⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⵙⵉⵔⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴹⵚⵚⴰⵏ.

== ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍⵜ ==
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Tumba de Isaac Newton - panoramio (cropped).jpg|thumb|230x230px|ⴰⵎⴹⵍ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⵙⵜⵎⵉⵏⵙⵜⵔ]]
ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵙⵙⵉⵔ ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵚ ⴳ 20 ⴳⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1727&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ |title=Isaac Newton - Scientist, Physics, Mathematics {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Newton/Career |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250907191816/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Newton/Career |archive-date=2025-09-07 |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵡⵉⵙⵜⵎⵉⵏⵙⵜⵔ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⴰⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ. ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵙⵡⴰⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ|ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ]] ⴷ [[ⵍⴰⴳⵔⴰⵏⵊ]], ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴱⵓ ⵜⵙⵎⴷⵏⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ [[ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ|ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ]]. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⵎⵔⵜ/ⵜⵉⵅⵉⵜⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⴼⵓⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵔⵡⵙ ⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵏ, ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ. ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⴼⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵜⴽⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵉⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ.

== ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ==
ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵥⵕⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ [[ⵜⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ|ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ]] ⵜⴹⵕ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ&lt;ref&gt;White 1997, p. 86&lt;/ref&gt;. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵎⵉⵢ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵖ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⵍⵜ&lt;ref&gt;Scott Berkun (27 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 2010). ''[https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=kPCgnc70MSgC&amp;pg=PA4&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false The Myths of Innovation]''. O'Reilly Media, Inc. ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 4. ISBN:&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4493-8962-8&lt;/bdi&gt;. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉ 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ  ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵡⵉⵍⵢⴰⵎ ⵙⵜⵓⴽⵍⵉ]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170711035636/https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story.php Newton's apple: The real story], ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2010, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;, ⵙⵙⵍⴽⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴹⵕ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⵡⵉⵍⵢⴰⵎ ⵙⵜⵓⴽⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ «ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵔ ⵉⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ» ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵉⵏⵙⵉⵏⴳⵜⵓⵏ ⴳ [[ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ]] ⴳ 15 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 1726:
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Newton 25.jpg|thumb|327x327px|ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1712]]
« ... ⵏⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵓ ⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ, ⵖⴰⵙ ⵏⴽⴽ ⴷⵉⵙ. ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ. ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: &quot;ⵎⴰⵅⵅ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ?&quot; ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ: &quot;ⵎⴰⵅ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ? ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵀⵢⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⴷⵉⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ. ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⴰⵢ, ⵏⵖ ⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ. ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⵍⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ;.. ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵙⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵀⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵍⴷⴷⵉ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⴷⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Hamblyn, Richard (2011).&quot;[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1xKFSqsDj0MC&amp;pg=PT57 Newtonian Apples: William Stukeley]&quot;. ''The Art of Science''. Pan Macmillan. ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;» 

== ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ==

* [[ⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏ]] (1671)
* [[ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ: ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵉⴳⵣⵉⵏ ⴼⴰⵡⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵖⵉⵜ|ⵙⴳ]] [[ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ: ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵉⴳⵣⵉⵏ ⴼⴰⵡⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵖⵉⵜ|ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ: ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵉⴳⵣⵉⵏ ⴼⴰⵡⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵖⵉⵜ]] (ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⴳⵔ 1671-1675)
* ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵢⴰⵕⵏ (1684)
* ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ (1687)
* ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ (1704)
* ⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ (1707)
* ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ, ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵜⵓ ⴰⵣⵎⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ (ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⴳ 1728 ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ)
* ⵜⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ'''/'''ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵖⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵯⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⵢⵓⵃⵏⵏⴰ (1733)
* ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕ (1754)

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ]]
* [[ⴱⵉⵔⵜⵔⴰⵏⴷ ⵕⵓⵚⵍ]]
* [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ]]
* [[ⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ]]

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
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      <text bytes="22853" sha1="00ubrxtowcz14i3vw8pq7b37226cuyl" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⵉⵙⵃⴰⴽ ⵏⵢⵓⵜⵏ''' ⵏⵖ '''ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ''' (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Isaac Newton) (25 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1642 – 20 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1727) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵓ [[ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ]], ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ|ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ]] ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ [[ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉ|ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉ]], ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ, ⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵡⵏⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ/ⴰⵎⴽⵕⴰⴹ (Trinity College) ⴳ [[ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ]], ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵓⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ. ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ «ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ/ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ» (Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica), ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&lt;ref&gt;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ - ⵙⵜⵉⴼⵏ ⵀⵓⴽⵉⵏⴳ, ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵖⴼⴰⵡⴰⵍ/ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵍⴱⵏⵏⴰⵢ, ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 15. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ 1687, ⵉ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵍⴰⵙⵉⴽⵜ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵥⵕⵉ|ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵥⵕⵉ/ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ]] (Optique).

== ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ==
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1642 ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ [[ⵍⵉⵏⴽⵓⵍⵏⵛⴰⵢⵔ]] ⴳ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ, ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵢⵢⵉⵔⵏ. ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵔⴰⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⵯⴰⵍ/ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ, ⵜⴼⵍ ⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵥⵜ ⵏ ⵊⴷⴷⴰⵙ/ⵏⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵎⴰⵔⴳⴰⵕⵉⵜ ⴰⵢⵙⴽⵓⴼ]],&lt;ref&gt;ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ - ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵍ ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏⵙⵏ - ⴰⵙⵄⵕⵕⴱ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵡⴰⵏ ⵍⴱⵡⴰⴱ - ⵜⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣⵜ  ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ 2005 - ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 14.&lt;/ref&gt; ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵛⵓⵏⴳⴰ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵔⵎ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⵏⵛⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴽⵔⴰⵣ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵥⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴳ ⴳⵔⴰⵏⵜⵀⴰⵎ. ⴷ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵜⴰⵢⵡⵏⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ&quot; ⴳ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵔⵉⵚⵟⵓ|ⵓⵔⵉⵙⵟⵓ]] ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵏ. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵍ/ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ, ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵏⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵏⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ (ⴰⵡⵍⵉⵡⵍ) ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴱⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⴷⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⴷ, ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵉⴽⴷⴰ/ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⵍⵓⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ.

== ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ ==
ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵣⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⵎⴰⵎ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵍⴰⵢⴱⵏⵉⵜⵣ) ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⴷ, ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ. ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ, ⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵖ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴼ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴼⵙⴰⵢ/ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵢⴰⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵍⴰⴼ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵕⵕⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴽⵍⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ/ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵕⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⴳⴳⵯ/ⵓⴳⵓⴳⵥⵕ (ⴰⴳⵓⴳⵏⴰⵢ) ⴰⵎⵀⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵉⵏⵜⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏⴼ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵓⴼ/ⵓⵄⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵡⴽⵍⵓ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵉⵡⴰⴼⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ «ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ».&lt;ref&gt;ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ, [https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2024/1/28/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B1 ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ], ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ==
ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⴰⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵍⴰⵙⵉⴽⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ «ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ/ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ» ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ 1687. ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⴽⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵟⵟⴰⵕⵏ/ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵡⴰⵃⵏ ⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓ ⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴷⵊⴰⵏ [[ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ|ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ]] ⴳ ⵉⵥⵢⴰⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ]]. ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵢⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ/ⵜⵎⵙⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ (comètes), ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⴷⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵣⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵎⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⵉ [[ⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ|ⵢⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ |last=Taton |first=R. |url=https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=rkQKU-wfPYMC&amp;pg=PA233&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |title=Planetary Astronomy from the Renaissance to the Rise of Astrophysics, Part A, Tycho Brahe to Newton |last2=Wilson |first2=C. |last3=Hoskin |first3=Michael |date=2003-09-18 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54205-0 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⴱⵖⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵖⵣⵉⴼ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓ ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵏⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵖⴼ [[ⴰⴽⴰⵍ (ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ)|ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ |title=Newton’s Laws of Motion {{!}} Glenn Research Center {{!}} NASA |url=https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-to-aeronautics/newtons-laws-of-motion/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251012112624/https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-to-aeronautics/newtons-laws-of-motion/ |archive-date=2025-10-12 |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=Glenn Research Center {{!}} NASA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ; ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉ, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1696, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ [[ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ]] ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵕⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⴱⵍⴰⵏⵜ/ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⴰⵙ/ⵓⵇⵊⵉⵔ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴹⴼⵓⵕ/ⵜⴹⴼⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴷⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵏⵥⴰⵜⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ&lt;ref&gt;White 1997, p. 267&lt;/ref&gt;. ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ, ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⵓⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵍⵓⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⴼ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵍⵓⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ. ⴰⵎ ⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ/ⵙ ⵓⴷⴰⴽⴰⴹ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵜ &quot;ⴰⵏ&quot; ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ &quot;ⵙⵙⵉⵔ&quot; ⴳ 1705, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ.

== ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵎⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴹⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⵍⵍⵉ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵎⵎⴰⵡⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵡⵉⵏ; ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵕⵓⵎⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵖⴰⵏ/ⴰⵎⵙⵙⴳⴷ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⵖ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵎⵎⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ (ⵜⴰⵔⵜⴰⵎⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ) ⴷ ⵢⵓⴳⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵎⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵙ ⵓⴼⴼⵉⵔ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵓⵎⵜ. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴼ ⴰⴼⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴳⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴹⴽⴰⴹⵏ/ⵉⵙⵏⵉⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵍⵜⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵔⴰⵎⵙⵓ/ⵓⵏⵏⵖⵣⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ (ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ), ⵜⵉⵖⴹⴼⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⵙⵉⵔⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴹⵚⵚⴰⵏ.

== ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍⵜ ==
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Tumba de Isaac Newton - panoramio (cropped).jpg|thumb|230x230px|ⴰⵎⴹⵍ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⵙⵜⵎⵉⵏⵙⵜⵔ]]
ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵙⵙⵉⵔ ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵚ ⴳ 20 ⴳⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1727&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ |title=Isaac Newton - Scientist, Physics, Mathematics {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Newton/Career |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250907191816/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Newton/Career |archive-date=2025-09-07 |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵡⵉⵙⵜⵎⵉⵏⵙⵜⵔ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⴰⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ. ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵙⵡⴰⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ|ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ]] ⴷ [[ⵍⴰⴳⵔⴰⵏⵊ]], ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴱⵓ ⵜⵙⵎⴷⵏⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ [[ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ|ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ]]. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⵎⵔⵜ/ⵜⵉⵅⵉⵜⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⴼⵓⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵔⵡⵙ ⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵏ, ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ. ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⴼⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵜⴽⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵉⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ.

== ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ==
ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵥⵕⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ [[ⵜⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ|ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ]] ⵜⴹⵕ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ&lt;ref&gt;White 1997, p. 86&lt;/ref&gt;. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵎⵉⵢ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵖ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⵍⵜ&lt;ref&gt;Scott Berkun (27 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 2010). ''[https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=kPCgnc70MSgC&amp;pg=PA4&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false The Myths of Innovation]''. O'Reilly Media, Inc. ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 4. ISBN:&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4493-8962-8&lt;/bdi&gt;. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉ 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ  ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵡⵉⵍⵢⴰⵎ ⵙⵜⵓⴽⵍⵉ]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170711035636/https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story.php Newton's apple: The real story], ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2010, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;, ⵙⵙⵍⴽⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴹⵕ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⵡⵉⵍⵢⴰⵎ ⵙⵜⵓⴽⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ «ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵔ ⵉⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ» ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵉⵏⵙⵉⵏⴳⵜⵓⵏ ⴳ [[ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ]] ⴳ 15 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 1726:
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Newton 25.jpg|thumb|327x327px|ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1712]]
« ... ⵏⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵓ ⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ, ⵖⴰⵙ ⵏⴽⴽ ⴷⵉⵙ. ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ. ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: &quot;ⵎⴰⵅⵅ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ?&quot; ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ: &quot;ⵎⴰⵅ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ? ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵀⵢⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⴷⵉⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ. ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⵕ ⵜⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⴰⵢ, ⵏⵖ ⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ. ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⵍⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏ;.. ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵙⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵀⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵍⴷⴷⵉ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⴷⴷⵉ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Hamblyn, Richard (2011).&quot;[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1xKFSqsDj0MC&amp;pg=PT57 Newtonian Apples: William Stukeley]&quot;. ''The Art of Science''. Pan Macmillan. ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 25 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;» 

== ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ==

* [[ⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏ]] (1671)
* [[ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ: ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵉⴳⵣⵉⵏ ⴼⴰⵡⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵖⵉⵜ|ⵙⴳ]] [[ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ: ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵉⴳⵣⵉⵏ ⴼⴰⵡⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵖⵉⵜ|ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ: ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵉⴳⵣⵉⵏ ⴼⴰⵡⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵖⵉⵜ]] (ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⴳⵔ 1671-1675)
* ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵢⴰⵕⵏ (1684)
* ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ (1687)
* ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ (1704)
* ⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ (1707)
* ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴼⴰⵜ, ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵜⵓ ⴰⵣⵎⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ (ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⴳ 1728 ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ)
* ⵜⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ'''/'''ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵖⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵯⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⵢⵓⵃⵏⵏⴰ (1733)
* ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕ (1754)

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ]]
* [[ⴱⵉⵔⵜⵔⴰⵏⴷ ⵕⵓⵚⵍ]]
* [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ]]
* [[ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ]]

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
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      <text bytes="483" sha1="hqoheldy9k5urhuqttiw5s3y9m7gtbo" xml:space="preserve">==ⴰⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ ==
{{ⴰⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ}} 
--[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amazigh Bot|Amazigh Bot]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amazigh Bot|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 08:07, 18 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 2025 (+01)

:@[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amazigh Bot|Amazigh Bot]] what language is this? [[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Itskaiserahmed|Itskaiserahmed]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Itskaiserahmed|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 17:29, 1 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2026 (+01)</text>
      <sha1>hqoheldy9k5urhuqttiw5s3y9m7gtbo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Vsinaz</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>44087</id>
    <revision>
      <id>175531</id>
      <parentid>162817</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-01T13:15:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>K6ka</username>
        <id>3610</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>K6ka ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Asenhaj]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Vsinaz]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Asenhaj|Asenhaj]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Vsinaz|Vsinaz]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>162817</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="226" sha1="krbyf6zqcs40j1g98gvnl3zl3svbe98" xml:space="preserve">==ⴰⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ ==
{{ⴰⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ}} 
--[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amazigh Bot|Amazigh Bot]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amazigh Bot|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 08:14, 6 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2026 (+01)</text>
      <sha1>krbyf6zqcs40j1g98gvnl3zl3svbe98</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44478</id>
    <revision>
      <id>175537</id>
      <parentid>169410</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-01T18:35:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>175537</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2929" sha1="64jwtqby482ffrnl7p999izq4tlcl0w" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ''' ⵏⵖ '''ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: General relativity) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴼⵙⵔ [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1915, ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ]]. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵜⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⵉⵜ|ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⵉⵜ]] ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⴼⵔⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ|ⵓⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ]] ⵏ [[ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ|ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ]], ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ/ⵉⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ|ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⴽⵓⴷ|ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ]], ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⴽⵓⴷ]].

ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ , ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⵜⴽⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⴽⵓⴷ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ|ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ|ⵜⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ]] ⵙ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰ|ⵜⵏⴳⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵥⵏⵥⵕ|ⵓⵥⵏⵥⵕ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ/ⵓⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵙ [[ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ|ⵜⴳⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ]] [[ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ|ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ]], ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴳⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴹⴳⴹⴰⵎⵜ|ⵜⴳⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ]] [[ⵜⴰⴳⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴹⴳⴹⴰⵎⵜ|ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴹⴰⵎⵉⵏ]].

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⵉⵜ]]
* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ]]
* [[ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ |ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ |ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ |ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ}}
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}
{{ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ |ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>175538</id>
      <parentid>175537</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-01T18:35:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>175538</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3035" sha1="5ht1s47d5tjvtrtqjunky519bbjtps3" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ''' ⵏⵖ '''ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: General relativity) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ [[ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ|ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴼⵙⵔ [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1915, ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ|ⵜⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ]] ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ]]. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵜⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⵉⵜ|ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⵉⵜ]] ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⴼⵔⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ|ⵓⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ]] ⵏ [[ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ|ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ]], ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ/ⵉⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ|ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⴽⵓⴷ|ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ]], ⵏⵖ [[ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⴽⵓⴷ]].

ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ , ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⵜⴽⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⴽⵓⴷ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ|ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ|ⵜⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ]] ⵙ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰ|ⵜⵏⴳⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⵥⵏⵥⵕ|ⵓⵥⵏⵥⵕ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ/ⵓⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵙ [[ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ|ⵜⴳⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ]] [[ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ|ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ]], ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴳⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴹⴳⴹⴰⵎⵜ|ⵜⴳⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ]] [[ⵜⴰⴳⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴹⴳⴹⴰⵎⵜ|ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴹⴰⵎⵉⵏ]].

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⵉⵜ]]
* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ]]
* [[ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ |ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ |ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ |ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ}}
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}
{{ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ |ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢ/1</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>48018</id>
    <revision>
      <id>175542</id>
      <parentid>171107</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-01T21:42:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>175542</origin>
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      <text bytes="3113" sha1="toh9enh0tgxwfrvx5x69c4ud8qhg16o" xml:space="preserve">[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Na (Sodium).jpg|Frameless|250px|right]]
'''[[ⴰⵚⵓⴹⵢⵓⵎ]]''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: Sodium) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ [[ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ|ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ Na ⴱⵓ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ 11. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵚⵓⴹⵢⵓⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵕⵥⴰⵏ ⴰⵍⴽⴰⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵍⵡⴰⵖ, ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴰⵙⴷⵎⴰⵔ. ⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵚⵓⴹⵢⵓⵎ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵍⵓⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵚⵓⴹⵢⵓⵎ (ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵛⵓ). ⴰⴽⵏⵉⴷⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉ ⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ²³Na. ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴼⵓⵙ ⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵚⵓⴹⵢⵓⵎ ⴰⵡⵕⵥⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵚⵍⴰⴹ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵍⵓⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵚⵓⴹⵢⵓⵎ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴼⵙⵉⵏ, ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵙⴼⵓⴽⴽⵔⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉ ⵀⴰⵎⴼⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⴼⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1807.

ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵇⵇⴰ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵓⵚⵓⴹⵢⵓⵎ ⴰⵎⵍⵡⴰⵖ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴱⴰⵢ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴳⵯⵣⵉⵜ. ⵜⵉⵏⵥⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ (0.968 ⴳ/ⵙⵎ³), ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵢⵡⵓⵍ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴽⵓⴷⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵚⵓⴹⵢⵓⵎ ⴰⵎⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵖⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ. ⴰⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴽⵍⵓ ⴰⵎⵖⴷⵓⴷⴷⵉ ⴽⵓⴷⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⵓ, ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵚⵓⴹⵢⵓⵎ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⴼⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵣⴷⵔ (97.81 °C), ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴼⵙⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵀⵍⵉ. ⴽⵓⴷⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⵎⴹ ⵓⵚⵓⴹⵢⵓⵎ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⵍⵓ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉⵏ.

{{ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢ/1|ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵚⵓⴹⵢⵓⵎ|ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ]] }}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>175534</id>
      <parentid>169407</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-01T18:32:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1761" sha1="6xcagr8jt3hf8chush90h2dz2tfjj2v" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ''' ⵏⵖ '''ⵜⴰⵍⴷⴰⵢⵜ''' ⵏⵖ '''ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵔⴱⵜ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: Gravity) ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ [[ⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ]], ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵜ]]. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ [[ⴰⴽⴰⵍ (ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ)|ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ]], ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ; ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵙⴰ|ⵜⵢⵙⵙⴰ]], ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵍ/ⵓⴱⵕⵕⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵢⴰⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ]], ⴷ ⵜⵇⵡⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰⵡⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ. ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵡⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⵙ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ.

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰ|ⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ}}
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>175536</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-01T18:34:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <origin>175536</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1779" sha1="9udjkv5a4sqajxl5xa8z2azk2lrputa" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ''' ⵏⵖ '''ⵜⴰⵍⴷⴰⵢⵜ''' ⵏⵖ '''ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵔⴱⵜ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: Gravity) ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ [[ⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ]], ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵜ]]. ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ [[ⴰⴽⴰⵍ (ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ)|ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ]], ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ; ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵙⴰ|ⵜⵢⵙⵙⴰ]], ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵍ/ⵓⴱⵕⵕⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵢⴰⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ]], ⴷ ⵜⵇⵡⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰⵡⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵅⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ. ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵜⵓⵥⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵡⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⵙ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ.

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⵙⵃⴰⵇ ⵏⵢⵓⵟⵏ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰ|ⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ}}
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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      <comment>ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ AccountVanishRequests ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Limaliest]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Renamed user 9fdfaf66ac926b434f2e2d9b15240e68]] ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Limaliest|Limaliest]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 9fdfaf66ac926b434f2e2d9b15240e68|Renamed user 9fdfaf66ac926b434f2e2d9b15240e68]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="221" sha1="sfe9m0cktyzrg4txni45xt9grp5rz36" xml:space="preserve">==ⴰⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ ==
{{ⴰⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ}} 
--[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amazigh Bot|Amazigh Bot]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amazigh Bot|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 08:17, 29 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2026 (+01)</text>
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    <title>ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Asenhaj</title>
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    <id>52603</id>
    <redirect title="ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Vsinaz" />
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      <comment>K6ka ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Asenhaj]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Vsinaz]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Asenhaj|Asenhaj]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Vsinaz|Vsinaz]]&quot;</comment>
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    <title>ⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ</title>
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    <redirect title="ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ" />
    <revision>
      <id>175535</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-01T18:32:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="38" sha1="5jhp15r9z9ypjmwyir2t0uuoskldwkb" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵖⵜ]]</text>
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