ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ zghwiki https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B3 MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.22 first-letter ⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵎⵥⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ ⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵡⵉⴽⵉ ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴱⵓⴹ ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ 0 2820 175546 161123 2026-04-02T12:38:28Z ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ 10568 /* ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1990 ⴰⵔ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ */ 175546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} {{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ}} '''ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ'''<ref>'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</ref> (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ|ⵜⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ]]: 대한민국) ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ '''ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ''', ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵢⴰⵡⵉ. ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵏⵣⵓⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ. ⴳ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ; ⵉⴽⴽ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴽⴽⵙⴰⴷⴼⵔⵉⵔ (DMZ). ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵉⵇⵇⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵍ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵎⵜ ⵢⵓⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ. ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ 51,96 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵣⴳⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ '''ⵙⵓⵡⵓⵍ'''. ==ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵎⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ== [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Map of Goguryeo (476).png|thumb|left|''ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ (37ⴹⵜ ⴰⵔ 668ⵎⵜ) ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵕ ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ , ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵡⴽ ⵎⵓ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⴳⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ '']] ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵓⵏⵉⵎ ⵏⵖⴷⴷ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵓⵏⵉⵎ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ (ⴳⵔ 37ⴷⵜ - 668ⵎⵜ) ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵜ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ" ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵔⴼⴼⴰⴽⵏ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵉⵙⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵣⵏⵓⴷ "ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ". ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵏⵓⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ ⵊⵡⴰⵡ ⵠⴰⵣ ⴷⵓⵔⴰⴷⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1568 ⵎⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎ "ⴽⵓⵏⵔⴰⵢ" Conrai , ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵏⴰⵣ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1680 ⵎⵜ  ⴷⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ "ⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⴰ" ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ 1411 ⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵢ ⴰⵍⴼⵓⵏⵚⵓ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴽⵉⵔⴽⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽⴰ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵡⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽⴰ ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵉⵙ Gores ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19 ⵎⵜⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19 <ref>'''ⵎⵜ''' ⵏⵖⴷⴷ '''"ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ"'''</ref> ⵍⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ Korea ⴷ ⴰⵎ Corea, ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 20ⵎⵜ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ "Korea" ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴳⵉⵣ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵡⵓⵔ Japan ⵖ ⵓⵏⵏⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜⵉⵢ ⵜⵉⵍⵢ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ Korea, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵏⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜⵉⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ J ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ K ==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ== === ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ === [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Korean book-Jikji-Selected Teachings of Buddhist Sages and Seon Masters-1377.jpg|thumb|ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ]]​ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⵣⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵥⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ (Lower Paleolithic). ​ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ "ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ" (ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⴳⵓ-ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ" ⵏⵖ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⴼⵉⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 14) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2333 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⴷⴰⵏⴳⵓⵏ". ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴷⵔ ⴳⵓ-ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵜⵙⵎⵔⵉ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 108 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵀⴰⵏ" ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⵔⵏⴰ "ⵡⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ", ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⵍⵉⵍⴰⵏⴳ" ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 313. ​ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ "ⵍⵢⴰⵡ" ⵏⵖ "ⴰⵎⵓⵔ". ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 300 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵢⵓⵢ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵊⴰⴱⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ. === ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰⵜⵉⵏ === ​ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵉⵏ", ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵢⵓ, ⵓⴽⵊⵓ, ⴷⵓⵏⴳⵢⵉ ⴷ ⵙⴰⵎⵀⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ: ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ. ​ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ 700 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⴳⵡⴰⵏⴳⴰⵢⵜⵓ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ" ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵙ "ⵊⴰⵏⴳⵙⵓ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ. ​ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ "ⴼⵉⵏⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ". ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⵕⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵜ (Buddhism) ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ ⵙ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ. ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵏⴳ" ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵏⵓ. ​ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 676, ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ". ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵍⵀⴰⵢ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ". ​ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵢⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ" ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 9. ​ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵜ (Buddhism) ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ. ​ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ: ​Ha (ⵀⴰ): ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵖ "ⵀⴰ" ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ. ​ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ: ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ "Peninsula" ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ "ⵉⴽⵏⵉ" ⴷ "ⴰⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎ". === ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏⵉⵏ === ​ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 936, ⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⵡⴰⵏⴳ ⴳⵢⵓⵏ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ (Goryeo) ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ. ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ, ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ, ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ "ⵜⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜⴰⴽⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏⴰ" ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵉⵍⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1100, ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ 12 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ-ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ. ​ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⴰⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 13 ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ. ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ 86 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ. ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 14, ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵔ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1392, ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⵢⵉ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ-ⴳⵢⵉ" ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ (coup) ⵉⵏⵓⴼⵍⴰ. ​ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵢⵉ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ-ⴳⵢⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵢⵉ", ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ (Joseon), ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵙ "ⵀⴰⵏⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ" (ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ). 200 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵙⵉⵊⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏⴳⵓⵍ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ. ⴳⵔ 1592 ⴷ 1598, ⵜⵣⴱⵖ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴼⵍⵓⵙ "ⵢⵉ ⵙⵓⵏ-ⵙⵉⵏ" ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵙ" (turtle ship). ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴰ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 18 ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵏ "ⵢⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ" ⴷ "ⵊⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ". ​ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵏ. ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ" (hermit kingdom) ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ, ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1882, ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵔⵥⵎ ⴼ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. === ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ === ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵔⵏⴰ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⴷ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1897, ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ "ⴳⵓⵊⵓⵏⴳ", ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴽⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⵜⵙⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ 1905, ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴳ 1910. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢ. ​ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵚ" ⴳ 1919 ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴱⴱⵓ (resistance) ⴳ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ. ⴳⵔ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ. === ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ === === '''ⴰⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ''' === ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ​ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵜⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⴹⵓ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ: ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ. "ⴷⵉⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⴽ" ⴷ "ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ ⴱⵓⵏⵙⵜⵉⵍ" ⵙⵓⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⵉⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 38 (38th parallel) ⴰⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ. ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ. ​ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵔⵥⵎ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⵔⵓⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⴰⵢⵔⵓ" 1943, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉⴹ ⴳⵔ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ 1948 ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ: ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ​ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ "ⵙⵉⵏⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵔⵉ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ, ⵉⵔⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1948. ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵉⵙⵏⴱⴹ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ "ⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⵍ ⵙⵓⵏⴳ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⴽⵓⵎⵓⵏⵉⵙⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏⵉ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ. ​ⴳ ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ, ⵜⴼⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⵍ ⵙⵓⵏⴳ" ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⴼ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ (UN) ⵜⴼⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⵔⵉ" ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵔⵏⵜ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵜⵓⵜⵔ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵉ ⴰⵙ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵜⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ. === '''ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉ (1950–1953)''' === ⴳ 25 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1950, ⵜⵣⴱⵖ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵉⵔⵖⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉⴹ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵚⵎⵎⴰⴹ", ⵉⴷⵓⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1953. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴷⵍ (boycott) ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ (UN), ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵙⵏⴰⵍⵏ (backed) ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ. ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵛⵛⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵉⴱⴷⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⵏⴰⵢ. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ, ⵉⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ "ⵔⵉ" ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ" ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ. ⴳ 1953, ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ (armistice), ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕ (DMZ). ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴰ (peace treaty), ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰ. ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵅⵛⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ. ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵔⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ. === '''ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⵉⵡⵜ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏ''' === ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1962 ⴷ 1994, ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵙ 10% ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴼ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏ". ⴳ 1960, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵃⴹⴰⵔⵏ ("ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ") ⵜⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵜⵉⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉﺨⴼ "ⵙⵉⵏⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵔⵉ". ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵜⵛⵓⵏⴳ ⵀⵉ" ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ ⴳ 16 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1961. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵙⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵉⵛⵛⵉⵔⵏ. ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ, ⵜⴷⵔⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ. ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⵉⵅⵛⵏⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ 1972 ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ. ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵛⵛⵓⵔ, ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴷⵓⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⴱⵏⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵏⵖⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⴳ 26 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 1979. ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ, ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⵜⵛⵓⵏ ⴷⵓ-ⵀⵡⴰⵏ" ⴰⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ 12 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1979. ⴳ 17 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1980, ⵜⵙⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵡⴰⵏⴳⵊⵓ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ 500 ⴰⵔ 2,000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⵏⴱⴹ "ⵜⵛⵓⵏ" ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ 1987. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵃⴹⴰⵔ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ ⵜⵙⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ, ⵜⴱⵔⵔⵃ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵢⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ. ==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ== {{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ |ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ |ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜ |ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ}} {{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} {{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}} sk3dcv46xmx554eu7iqxibikr21qyqb 175549 175546 2026-04-02T12:38:52Z ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ 10568 ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ]] 175546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} {{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ}} '''ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ'''<ref>'''ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :''' [[ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]] (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)</ref> (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ|ⵜⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ]]: 대한민국) ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ '''ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ''', ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵢⴰⵡⵉ. ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵏⵣⵓⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ. ⴳ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ; ⵉⴽⴽ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴽⴽⵙⴰⴷⴼⵔⵉⵔ (DMZ). ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵉⵇⵇⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵍ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵎⵜ ⵢⵓⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ. ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ 51,96 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵣⴳⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ '''ⵙⵓⵡⵓⵍ'''. ==ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵎⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ== [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Map of Goguryeo (476).png|thumb|left|''ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ (37ⴹⵜ ⴰⵔ 668ⵎⵜ) ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵕ ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ , ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵡⴽ ⵎⵓ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⴳⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ '']] ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵓⵏⵉⵎ ⵏⵖⴷⴷ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵓⵏⵉⵎ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ (ⴳⵔ 37ⴷⵜ - 668ⵎⵜ) ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵜ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ" ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵔⴼⴼⴰⴽⵏ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵉⵙⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵣⵏⵓⴷ "ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ". ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵏⵓⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ ⵊⵡⴰⵡ ⵠⴰⵣ ⴷⵓⵔⴰⴷⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1568 ⵎⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎ "ⴽⵓⵏⵔⴰⵢ" Conrai , ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵏⴰⵣ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1680 ⵎⵜ  ⴷⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ "ⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⴰ" ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ 1411 ⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵢ ⴰⵍⴼⵓⵏⵚⵓ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴽⵉⵔⴽⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽⴰ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵡⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽⴰ ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵉⵙ Gores ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19 ⵎⵜⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19 <ref>'''ⵎⵜ''' ⵏⵖⴷⴷ '''"ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ"'''</ref> ⵍⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ Korea ⴷ ⴰⵎ Corea, ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 20ⵎⵜ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ "Korea" ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴳⵉⵣ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵡⵓⵔ Japan ⵖ ⵓⵏⵏⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜⵉⵢ ⵜⵉⵍⵢ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ Korea, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵏⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜⵉⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ J ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ K ==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ== === ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ === [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Korean book-Jikji-Selected Teachings of Buddhist Sages and Seon Masters-1377.jpg|thumb|ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ]]​ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⵣⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵥⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ (Lower Paleolithic). ​ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ "ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ" (ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⴳⵓ-ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ" ⵏⵖ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⴼⵉⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 14) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2333 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⴷⴰⵏⴳⵓⵏ". ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴷⵔ ⴳⵓ-ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵜⵙⵎⵔⵉ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 108 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵀⴰⵏ" ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⵔⵏⴰ "ⵡⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ", ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⵍⵉⵍⴰⵏⴳ" ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 313. ​ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ "ⵍⵢⴰⵡ" ⵏⵖ "ⴰⵎⵓⵔ". ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 300 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵢⵓⵢ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵊⴰⴱⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ. === ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰⵜⵉⵏ === ​ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵉⵏ", ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵢⵓ, ⵓⴽⵊⵓ, ⴷⵓⵏⴳⵢⵉ ⴷ ⵙⴰⵎⵀⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ: ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ. ​ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ 700 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⴳⵡⴰⵏⴳⴰⵢⵜⵓ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ" ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵙ "ⵊⴰⵏⴳⵙⵓ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ. ​ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ "ⴼⵉⵏⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ". ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⵕⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵜ (Buddhism) ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ ⵙ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ. ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵏⴳ" ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵏⵓ. ​ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 676, ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ". ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵍⵀⴰⵢ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ". ​ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵢⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ" ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 9. ​ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵜ (Buddhism) ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ. ​ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ: ​Ha (ⵀⴰ): ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵖ "ⵀⴰ" ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ. ​ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ: ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ "Peninsula" ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ "ⵉⴽⵏⵉ" ⴷ "ⴰⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎ". === ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏⵉⵏ === ​ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 936, ⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⵡⴰⵏⴳ ⴳⵢⵓⵏ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ (Goryeo) ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ. ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ, ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ, ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ "ⵜⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜⴰⴽⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏⴰ" ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵉⵍⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1100, ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ 12 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ-ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ. ​ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⴰⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 13 ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ. ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ 86 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ. ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 14, ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵔ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1392, ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⵢⵉ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ-ⴳⵢⵉ" ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ (coup) ⵉⵏⵓⴼⵍⴰ. ​ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵢⵉ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ-ⴳⵢⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵢⵉ", ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ (Joseon), ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵙ "ⵀⴰⵏⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ" (ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ). 200 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵙⵉⵊⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏⴳⵓⵍ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ. ⴳⵔ 1592 ⴷ 1598, ⵜⵣⴱⵖ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴼⵍⵓⵙ "ⵢⵉ ⵙⵓⵏ-ⵙⵉⵏ" ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵙ" (turtle ship). ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴰ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 18 ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵏ "ⵢⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ" ⴷ "ⵊⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ". ​ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵏ. ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ" (hermit kingdom) ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ, ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1882, ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵔⵥⵎ ⴼ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. === ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ === ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵔⵏⴰ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⴷ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1897, ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ "ⴳⵓⵊⵓⵏⴳ", ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴽⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⵜⵙⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ 1905, ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴳ 1910. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢ. ​ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵚ" ⴳ 1919 ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴱⴱⵓ (resistance) ⴳ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ. ⴳⵔ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ. === ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ === === '''ⴰⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ''' === ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ​ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵜⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⴹⵓ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ: ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ. "ⴷⵉⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⴽ" ⴷ "ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ ⴱⵓⵏⵙⵜⵉⵍ" ⵙⵓⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⵉⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 38 (38th parallel) ⴰⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ. ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ. ​ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵔⵥⵎ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⵔⵓⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⴰⵢⵔⵓ" 1943, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉⴹ ⴳⵔ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ 1948 ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ: ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ​ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ "ⵙⵉⵏⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵔⵉ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ, ⵉⵔⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1948. ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵉⵙⵏⴱⴹ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ "ⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⵍ ⵙⵓⵏⴳ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⴽⵓⵎⵓⵏⵉⵙⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏⵉ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ. ​ⴳ ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ, ⵜⴼⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⵍ ⵙⵓⵏⴳ" ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⴼ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ (UN) ⵜⴼⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⵔⵉ" ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵔⵏⵜ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵜⵓⵜⵔ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵉ ⴰⵙ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵜⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ. === '''ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉ (1950–1953)''' === ⴳ 25 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1950, ⵜⵣⴱⵖ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵉⵔⵖⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉⴹ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵚⵎⵎⴰⴹ", ⵉⴷⵓⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1953. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴷⵍ (boycott) ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ (UN), ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵙⵏⴰⵍⵏ (backed) ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ. ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵛⵛⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵉⴱⴷⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⵏⴰⵢ. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ, ⵉⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ "ⵔⵉ" ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ" ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ. ⴳ 1953, ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ (armistice), ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕ (DMZ). ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴰ (peace treaty), ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰ. ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵅⵛⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ. ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵔⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ. === '''ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⵉⵡⵜ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏ''' === ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1962 ⴷ 1994, ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵙ 10% ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴼ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏ". ⴳ 1960, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵃⴹⴰⵔⵏ ("ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ") ⵜⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵜⵉⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉﺨⴼ "ⵙⵉⵏⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵔⵉ". ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵜⵛⵓⵏⴳ ⵀⵉ" ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ ⴳ 16 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1961. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵙⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵉⵛⵛⵉⵔⵏ. ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ, ⵜⴷⵔⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ. ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⵉⵅⵛⵏⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ 1972 ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ. ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵛⵛⵓⵔ, ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴷⵓⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⴱⵏⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵏⵖⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⴳ 26 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 1979. ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ, ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⵜⵛⵓⵏ ⴷⵓ-ⵀⵡⴰⵏ" ⴰⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ 12 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1979. ⴳ 17 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1980, ⵜⵙⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵡⴰⵏⴳⵊⵓ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ 500 ⴰⵔ 2,000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⵏⴱⴹ "ⵜⵛⵓⵏ" ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ 1987. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵃⴹⴰⵔ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ ⵜⵙⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ, ⵜⴱⵔⵔⵃ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵢⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ. ==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ== {{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ |ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ |ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜ |ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ}} {{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}} {{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}} sk3dcv46xmx554eu7iqxibikr21qyqb ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ/2 4 5761 175543 171053 2026-04-02T12:10:31Z ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ 10568 175543 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:leonardo self.jpg|Frameless|200px|right]] '''[[ⵍⵢⵓⵏⴰⵔⴷⵓ ⴷⴰ ⴼⵉⵏⵜⵛⵉ|ⵍⵉⵢⵓⵏⴰⵔⴷⵓ ⴷⵉ ⵙⵉⵔ ⴱⵉⵔⵓ ⴷⴰ ⴼⵉⵏⵜⵛⵉ]]''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵉⵜ|ⵜⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵉⵜ]]: ''Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci'') ([[14 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ|14]] ⵏⵉⵖ [[15 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ]] 1452 - [[2 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ]] 1519) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ|ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ]] ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴽⵍⴰⵡ [[ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ|ⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵉ]] ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵓⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ, ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴳ [[ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ|ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ]]. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴽⵍⴰⵡ, ⴰⵎⵙⵏⴼⴰⵕ, ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ, ⴰⵎⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ, ⴰⵎⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴳⵓⵔⵜ, [[ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽ]], ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵎⴽⵜ, [[ⵜⴰⵊⵉⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ]], [[ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵣⴰ]] ⴷ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴽⵍⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵍⵉⵢⵓⵏⴰⵔⴷⵓ ⴷⴰ ⴼⵉⵏⵜⵛⵉ ⵉ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵡⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴱⵉⵔⵓ ⴷⴰ ⴼⵉⵏⵜⵛⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴽⴰⵜⵔⵉⵏⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴽⵔⴰⵣⵜ. ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵏⵜⵛⵉ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏⴰ|ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏⴰ]], ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⴳ [[ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵍⵓⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰ|ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵍⵓⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⵍⵉⵢⵓⵏⴰⵔⴷⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵢⴰ ⴷⵉⵍ ⴼⵉⵔⵓⴽⵢⵓ. ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵎⵉⵍⴰⵏⵓ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵎⵖⵓⵔ ⵍⵓⴷⵓⴼⵉⴽⵓ ⵙⴼⵓⵔⵣⴰ. ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵖⵔ [[ⵕⵓⵎⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵢⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⴼⵉⵏⵉⵣⵢⴰ]]. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ [[ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ]], ⵉⵎⵎⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1519. {{ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ/2|ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ]] '''.''' [[ⵍⵢⵓⵏⴰⵔⴷⵓ ⴷⴰ ⴼⵉⵏⵜⵛⵉ|ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ]] }} 8yxumvtcfsxjjb7qwmhb6qtsoxazy7a ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ 1 7432 175551 40738 2026-04-02T12:38:53Z ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ 10568 ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ]] 40738 wikitext text/x-wiki == ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ == ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵉⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ @[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Aksel Tinfat|Aksel Tinfat]] ⴷ @[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴼⴰⵎ ⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵎ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴱⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵡⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ (ⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵉⵅⴷⵎ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴱⵓⴹⵏ) --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|Lhoussine AIT TAYFST]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 20:15, 2 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2024 (+01) :ⴰⵣⵓⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ @[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ]], ⵢⴰⵀ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓⵖ, ⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⵖ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ.--[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 21:22, 2 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2024 (+01) ::ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ @[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Essaidib2|Essaidib2]] ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵉⴼⵜⵏ ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵣ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⵜ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ. --[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|Lhoussine AIT TAYFST]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Lhoussine AIT TAYFST|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 22:56, 2 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2024 (+01) 14v71mcfnu5ycm0vqf8nwlsftchylfk ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ 0 52605 175544 2026-04-02T12:31:25Z ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ 10568 ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ. 175544 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: Treaty of Versailles, ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ|ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ]]: Traité de Versailles, ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Versailler Vertrag) ⵏⵖ «ⴰⴼⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ», ⵏⵖ «ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⴷⵉⴷⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ» ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ|ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ]]. == ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ == * [[ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ]] == ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ == rvjddp2aoka79rkzlddwhzjnfqhwgjr 175545 175544 2026-04-02T12:31:56Z ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ 10568 175545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}} '''ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ|ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ]]: Treaty of Versailles, ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ|ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ]]: Traité de Versailles, ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Versailler Vertrag) ⵏⵖ «ⴰⴼⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵙⴰⵢ», ⵏⵖ «ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⴷⵉⴷⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ» ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ|ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ]]. == ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ == * [[ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ]] == ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ == mlb22on0nqwwf64islv9e8a5v5g3rdx ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ 0 52607 175550 2026-04-02T12:38:53Z ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ 10568 ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ]] 175550 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ]] cjkfago629kyuehuw1gdzeojqzx0wi7 ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ 1 52608 175552 2026-04-02T12:38:53Z ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ 10568 ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ]] 175552 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ:ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ]] ba0hju9gtq7geh8mmkrile4mtx8chho