ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ

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    <title>ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ</title>
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        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
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{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Oran paysages.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|ⵡⵉⵀⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]]
'''ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ|ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ]]: Oran)  ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵍⴱⴰⵀⵢⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]]   ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ  ⵙⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵖⴰ]] ، ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⴷⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]] ⵖⴰⴼ  432 ⴽⵎ² ⵅⴼ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]]. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰ ⵏ [[ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ]] ⴷⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵢ[[ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ]]  ، ⵜⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ  ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ .

ⴷⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ  ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰ ,ⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⵔⵊⴰⵊⵓ]] (420 ⵎⵉⵜⵔ), ⵜⵍⵍⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵇⴰⴷⵔ ⴰⴽⵉⵍⴰⵏⵉ]]. ⵉⵣⴳⴰ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ [[ⵅⵓⵔ]] ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⵔⴰⵢⵏ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⵔⴰⵃⵢ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵜⵉⵙⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡ[[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵄⵉⵏ]]. ⵢⵉⵡⴹ  ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ  852,000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2009 ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ  ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ 1.648.642 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ،  ⵎⴽ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎⵜ  ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ  ⵜⵉⵡⴹ ⵖⵔ 4,8 ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ [[ⴷⵉⵏⴰⵔ]] ⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2008. 


==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
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{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
{{ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ}}
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Oran paysages.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|ⵡⵉⵀⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]]
'''ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ|ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ]]: Oran)  ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵍⴱⴰⵀⵢⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]]   ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ  ⵙⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵖⴰ]] ، ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⴷⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]] ⵖⴰⴼ  432 ⴽⵎ² ⵅⴼ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]]. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰ ⵏ [[ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ]] ⴷⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵢ[[ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ]]  ، ⵜⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ  ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ .

ⴷⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ  ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰ ,ⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⵔⵊⴰⵊⵓ]] (420 ⵎⵉⵜⵔ), ⵜⵍⵍⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵇⴰⴷⵔ ⴰⴽⵉⵍⴰⵏⵉ]]. ⵉⵣⴳⴰ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ [[ⵅⵓⵔ]] ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⵔⴰⵢⵏ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⵔⴰⵃⵢ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵜⵉⵙⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡ[[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵄⵉⵏ]]. ⵢⵉⵡⴹ  ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ  852,000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2009 ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ  ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ 1.648.642 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ،  ⵎⴽ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎⵜ  ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ  ⵜⵉⵡⴹ ⵖⵔ 4,8 ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ [[ⴷⵉⵏⴰⵔ]] ⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2008. 


==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
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{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
{{ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ}}
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Oran paysages.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|ⵡⵉⵀⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]]
'''ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ|ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ]]: Oran)  ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵍⴱⴰⵀⵢⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]]   ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ  ⵙⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵖⴰ]] ، ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⴷⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]] ⵖⴰⴼ  432 ⴽⵎ² ⵅⴼ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]]. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰ ⵏ [[ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ]] ⴷⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵢ[[ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ]]  ، ⵜⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ  ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ .

ⴷⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ  ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰ ,ⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⵔⵊⴰⵊⵓ]] (420 ⵎⵉⵜⵔ), ⵜⵍⵍⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵇⴰⴷⵔ ⴰⴽⵉⵍⴰⵏⵉ]]. ⵉⵣⴳⴰ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ [[ⵅⵓⵔ]] ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⵔⴰⵢⵏ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⵔⴰⵃⵢ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵜⵉⵙⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡ[[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵄⵉⵏ]]. ⵢⵉⵡⴹ  ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ  852,000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2009 ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ  ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ 1.648.642 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ،  ⵎⴽ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎⵜ  ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ  ⵜⵉⵡⴹ ⵖⵔ 4,8 ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ [[ⴷⵉⵏⴰⵔ]] ⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2008. 


==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
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{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Oran paysages.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|ⵡⵉⵀⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]]
'''ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ|ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ]]: Oran)  ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵍⴱⴰⵀⵢⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]]   ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ  ⵙⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵖⴰ]] ، ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⴷⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]] ⵖⴰⴼ  432 ⴽⵎ² ⵅⴼ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]]. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰ ⵏ [[ⵡⴰⵀⵔⴰⵏ]] ⴷⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵢ[[ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ]]  ، ⵜⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ  ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ .

ⴷⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ  ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰ ,ⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⵔⵊⴰⵊⵓ]] (420 ⵎⵉⵜⵔ), ⵜⵍⵍⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵇⴰⴷⵔ ⴰⴽⵉⵍⴰⵏⵉ]]. ⵉⵣⴳⴰ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ [[ⵅⵓⵔ]] ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⵔⴰⵢⵏ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⵔⴰⵃⵢ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵜⵉⵙⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡ[[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵙ ⵍⵄⵉⵏ]]. ⵢⵉⵡⴹ  ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ  852,000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ  ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2009 ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ  ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ 1.648.642 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ،  ⵎⴽ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎⵜ  ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ  ⵜⵉⵡⴹ ⵖⵔ 4,8 ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ [[ⴷⵉⵏⴰⵔ]] ⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2008. 


==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
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&lt;center&gt;ⴰⵖⵔⵔⴰⴱⵓ ⴰⵏⴷⴱⴰⵍ, ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2012&lt;center&gt;
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      <text bytes="3350" sha1="36vl2dgrrywo3rw0u5do5ssamz7yyap" xml:space="preserve">[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Karl Marx 001 restored.jpg|Frameless|150px|right]]
'''[[ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ|ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵀⴰⵏⵔⵉⵛ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ]]''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵜ]]: Karl Marx), (1818-1883) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵉⵥⵉⵕ ⴰⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖ [[ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ]]. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵚⵍⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵣ, ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙⵜ. ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵉⵏ (ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ) ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴱⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ/ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵔⵊⵡⴰⵣⵜ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵓⵍⵉⵜⴰⵔⵜ (ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴷⴰ), ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵡⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ. ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⴰⵍⵖⵓ ⴰⵙⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰⵏ/ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵙⵓⵔⵜ&quot;, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ &quot;ⴰⴷⴳⴰⵔ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴳⴰⵔⵜ. ⵣⵔⵉⵔⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ.

{{ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ/28|ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ]] '''.''' [[ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ|ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ]] }}</text>
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      <text bytes="3351" sha1="oymx47dsavsrywmyhcjpry0adjsvu1v" xml:space="preserve">[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Karl Marx 001 restored.jpg|Frameless|150px|right]]
'''[[ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ|ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵀⴰⵏⵔⵉⵛ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ]]''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵜ]]: Karl Marx), (1818-1883) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵉⵥⵉⵕ ⴰⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖ [[ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ]]. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵚⵍⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵣ, ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙⵜ.
 ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵉⵏ (ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ) ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴱⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ/ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵔⵊⵡⴰⵣⵜ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵓⵍⵉⵜⴰⵔⵜ (ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴷⴰ), ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵡⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ. ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⴰⵍⵖⵓ ⴰⵙⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰⵏ/ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵙⵓⵔⵜ&quot;, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ &quot;ⴰⴷⴳⴰⵔ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴳⴰⵔⵜ. ⵣⵔⵉⵔⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ.

{{ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ/28|ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ]] '''.''' [[ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ|ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ]] }}</text>
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        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
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      <text bytes="3352" sha1="eu6szsn7ne5fhqnvtiko0pw6p4j8raj" xml:space="preserve">[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Karl Marx 001 restored.jpg|Frameless|150px|right]]
'''[[ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ|ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵀⴰⵏⵔⵉⵛ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ]]''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵜ]]: Karl Marx), (1818-1883) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵉⵥⵉⵕ ⴰⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖ [[ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ]]. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵚⵍⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵣ, ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙⵜ.

 ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵉⵏ (ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ) ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴱⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ/ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵔⵊⵡⴰⵣⵜ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵓⵍⵉⵜⴰⵔⵜ (ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴷⴰ), ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵡⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ. ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⴰⵍⵖⵓ ⴰⵙⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰⵏ/ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵙⵓⵔⵜ&quot;, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ &quot;ⴰⴷⴳⴰⵔ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴳⴰⵔⵜ. ⵣⵔⵉⵔⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ.

{{ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ/28|ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ]] '''.''' [[ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ|ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ]] }}</text>
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'''[[ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ|ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵀⴰⵏⵔⵉⵛ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ]]''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵜ]]: Karl Marx), (1818-1883) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵉⵥⵉⵕ ⴰⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖ [[ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ]]. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ. ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵚⵍⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵔⵉⴽ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⵣ, ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙⵜ. ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵉⵏ (ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ) ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴱⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ/ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵔⵊⵡⴰⵣⵜ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵓⵍⵉⵜⴰⵔⵜ (ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴷⴰ), ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵡⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ. ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⴰⵍⵖⵓ ⴰⵙⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰⵏ/ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵙⵓⵔⵜ&quot;, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵡⵡⴰⵖⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ &quot;ⴰⴷⴳⴰⵔ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴳⴰⵔⵜ. ⵣⵔⵉⵔⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ.

{{ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ/28|ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ]] '''.''' [[ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ|ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ]] }}</text>
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    <title>ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ/28 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ</title>
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        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
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      <text bytes="2302" sha1="69ee9yengtg24lv1v7kv3nqm7ipmu6q" xml:space="preserve">'''[[28 ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ]]:'''

*'''[[1945]]''' : ⴰⵙⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰ '''ⴱⵉⵏⵉⵜⵓ ⵎⵓⵙⵓⵍⵉⵏⵉ''' ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵍⴰⵔⴰ ⴱⵉⵜⴰⵜⵛⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵎⵓ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵔⵡⵍⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ.[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:General Charles de Gaulle in 1945.jpg|Frameless|150px|right]]

*'''[[1947]]''' : ⴰⵎⵙⴰⴼⵔ ⴰⵏⵔⵡⵉⵊⵉ '''ⵜⵓⵔ ⵀⴰⵢⵔⴷⴰⵍ''' ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵖⵉⴼ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⴽⵜ &quot;ⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵉ&quot; ⵙⴳ ⴱⵉⵔⵓ ⵖⵔ ⴱⵓⵍⵉⵏⵉⵣⵢⴰ, ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵍⵍ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵉⵏⵉⵣⵢⴰ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ.

*'''[[1952]]''' : ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵙⴰⵏ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⴽⵓ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴰⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵉ [[ⵊⴰⴱⵓⵏ]] ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ.

*'''[[1967]]''' : ⴰⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ '''ⴷⵉⵖⵓⵍ''' ⵉⵏⵔⵓ ⵉⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⴹ ⵉⵎⵙⵔⵙⵍⵏ ⴷⵉ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ.

*'''[[1996]]''' : ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵖⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ '''ⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵔⵜⵓⵔ''' ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴰⵏⵉⴰ, ⵓⵙⵜⵔⴰⵍⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵉⵏⵖⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵍⵃ 35 ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵓ 23 ⵡⵉⵢⴰⴹ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴷⴼⵄⵏ ⵓⵙⵜⵔⴰⵍⵢⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ.

*'''[[2001]]''' : ⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵢ, ⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⵜⵓ, ⵉⴼⵜⵓ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵙⵀⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵢ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⵉⴼ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⵓ ⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉ.

{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ}}</text>
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      <comment>ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ Neriah ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Profik.v25]] ⵖⵔ [[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Renamed user ad38669007a6d0998b3d96d95edc71cf]] ⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Profik.v25|Profik.v25]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user ad38669007a6d0998b3d96d95edc71cf|Renamed user ad38669007a6d0998b3d96d95edc71cf]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="221" sha1="7y42u055wryyh6dzjj20laheky3fvku" xml:space="preserve">==ⴰⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ ==
{{ⴰⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ}} 
--[[ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amazigh Bot|Amazigh Bot]] ([[ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ:Amazigh Bot|ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ]]) 08:05, 30 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 2025 (+01)</text>
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16pt&quot;&gt;ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ&lt;/span&gt;
[[File:Cscr-featured.png&lt;!--Please do NOT replace this icon with the SVG version, which the wiki software converts to a PNG of inferior quality.--&gt;|left|50px|ⵜⵉⵜⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ.]]
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ. [[Wikipedia:Featured picture criteria|ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ]] ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ [[free content|ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵜ]] ⵏⵖ ⴳ [[public domain|ⵜⵓⵡⴹⴼⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ]], ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵜ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵔⵏⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⵖⵉ '''&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{PAGESINCATEGORY:ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ}}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;''' ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ. ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ [[:ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ|ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ]].
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border:1px solid #B1A3BF; padding:1em; color: inherit; background-color:#f4ebff&quot; class=&quot;skin-nightmode-reset-color&quot;| 
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:14pt;text-align:center&quot;&gt;ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵜⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ{{anchor|Directory}}&lt;/div&gt;{{flatlist|style=font-size:85%;text-align:center}}
* [[#ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ|ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ]] 
* [[#ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉⵏ|ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉⵏ]]
* [[#ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ, ⴰⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ|ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ, ⴰⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ]]
* [[#ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ|ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ]]
* [[#ⵜⵉⵡⵏⴰⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ|ⵜⵉⵡⵏⴰⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ]]
* [[#ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ|ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ]]
* [[#ⵉⵙⴰⴷⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵏ|ⵉⵙⴰⴷⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵏ]]
* [[#ⵉⴳⵯⵔⵙⵍⵏ|ⵉⴳⵯⵔⵙⵍⵏ]]
* [[#ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ|ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ]]
* [[#ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ|ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ]]
* [[#ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ|ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ]]
* [[#ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵍⴼ ⴰⵎⵓⵍⴰⴼ|ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵍⴼ ⴰⵎⵓⵍⴰⴼ]]
* [[#ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ|ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ]]
* [[#ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵢⵏ|ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵢⵏ]]
* [[#ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ|ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ]]
* [[#ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ|ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ]]
* [[#ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜⵉⵏ|ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜⵉⵏ]]
* [[#ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ|ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ]]
* [[#ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴰⴹⵏ|ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴰⴹⵏ]]
|-
| colspan=2 style=&quot;padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; border:1px solid #B1A3BF; color: inherit; background-color:#FAF5FF&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; class=&quot;skin-nightmode-reset-color&quot;|&lt;/noinclude&gt;
=== ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Animals --&gt;[[File:Bengal Bushlark in Baruipur October 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:063 Northern Emerald-toucanet in Los Quetzales National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Anthocharis cardamines female MichaD.jpg|150px|[[ⴰⴼⵕⵟⴻⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⵍⵉⵜⵛⵉⵏⵉ]].]]
|[[File:Glyphoglossus molossus, Blunt-headed burrowing frog - Hua Hin District, Near Pala-U.jpg|150px|ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⴳⵔⵓ (ⴰⵎⵓⴷⵔ)|ⵉⴳⵔⴰ]]]]
|[[File:Magpie Goose - East Point.jpg|150px|ⴰⵡⵣⵣⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵎⴰⴳⴱⴰⵢ]]
|[[File:Pez halcón moteado (Cirrhitichthys aprinus), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-23, DD 186.jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Animals --&gt;
|-
|}

=== ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉⵏ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Artwork --&gt;[[File:The Goddess Bhairavi Devi with Shiva MET DP257990.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Andrey Rublev - Св. Троица - Google Art Project.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Van Gogh - Starry Night - Google Art Project.jpg|150px|«ⵉⴹ ⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ» ⵏ ⴼⴰⵏ ⵅⵓⵅ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵓⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1889, ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵎⴷⵡⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴹⵏⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ]].]]
|[[File:Vincent van Gogh - De slaapkamer - Google Art Project.jpg|150px|ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵜⴰⵏⴹⵓⵚⵜ ⴷⴳ ⴰⵔⵍ&quot; ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ [[ⴼⵉⵏⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⴼⴰⵏ ⴽⵓⵅ]]]]
|[[File:Saint Joseph stained glass window in the Saint Antony church in St. Ulrich in Gröden.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Klee - Sumpflegende PA291156.jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Artwork --&gt;
|-
|}

=== ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ, ⴰⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Culture, entertainment, and lifestyle --&gt;[[File:Dr Williams' 'Pink Pills', London, England, 1850-1920 Wellcome A627306.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Animal Crackers (1930).webm|150px]]
|[[File:All Quiet on the Western Front (1930, sound version).webm|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Culture, entertainment, and lifestyle --&gt;
|-
|}

=== ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Currency --&gt;[[File:1907 Ultra High Relief $20 Double Eagle (Inverted Edge Letters).jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Coin of Nader Shah, minted in Daghestan (Dagestan).jpg|150px]]
|[[File:US-00010-One Cent (1974) Aluminum.jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Currency --&gt;
|-
|}

=== ⵜⵉⵡⵏⴰⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Diagrams, drawings, and maps --&gt;[[File:PEF Survey of Western Palestine composite.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Atlas Van der Hagen-KW1049B12 087-INSULARUM MELITAE Vulgo MALTAE et GOZAE.jpeg|150px]]
|[[File:De oprichting van de obelisk op het St. Pietersplein, RP-P-OB-207.655.jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Diagrams, drawings, and maps --&gt;
|-
|}


=== ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Engineering and technology --&gt;[[File:Japan Airlines 777 Engine Failure on Departure (2 of 2) (51599589068).jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Magura Julie disk brake rotor 160 mm.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Nintendo-DSi-Bl-Open.jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Engineering and technology --&gt;
|-
|}

=== ⵉⵙⴰⴷⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵡⵉⵏ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Food and drink --&gt;[[File:Foodiesfeed.com pouring-honey-on-pancakes-with-walnuts.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Gurabija (гурабија,Qurabiya; Cuisine of Serbia).jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Einmannpackung Typ1 Inhaltsübersicht.jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Food and drink --&gt;
|-
|}

=== ⵉⴳⵯⵔⵙⵍⵏ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Fungi --&gt;[[File:Lactarius resimus Груздь настоящий.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Striegeliger Schichtpilz-Stereum hirsutum-20191216-RM-150832.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Comatricha nigra 176600092.jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Fungi --&gt;
|-
|}

=== ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of History --&gt;[[File:2026 Federal Agents in Minneapolis, Minnesota after Portland Avenue and 34th Street shooting in January.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Gee!! I wish I were a man, I'd join the Navy Be a man and do it - United States Navy recruiting station - - Howard Chandler Christy 1917. LCCN2002712088.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Pedro Bruno - A Pátria.jpg|150px|ⴱⵉⴷⵔⵓ ⴱⵔⵓⵏⵓ - ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ]]&lt;!-- end of History --&gt;
|-
|}

=== ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Natural phenomena --&gt;[[File:Gigantic jet NOIRLab.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Walaka, Rosa, Sergio, Leslie and Kong-rey 2018-10-02.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Yellowstone National Park (WY, USA), Old Faithful Geyser -- 2022 -- 2599.jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Natural phenomena --&gt;
|-
|}


=== ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of People --&gt;[[File:Adam Savage 416506 by Christopher Michel 1172025 02.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Buddy Holly Brunswick Records.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Franz Reichelt (high res).jpg|150px|ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵥ ⵔⴰⵢⵛⵍⵜ ⴷⴳ 1912 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⵓⵔⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵣⵉⵢⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵢⵓⴽⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵓⴱ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⵍ.]]
|[[File:Shepherd from Rajasthan 03.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Mike Cruise.jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of People --&gt;
|}

=== ⵜⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵍⴼ ⴰⵎⵓⵍⴰⴼ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Photographic techniques, terms, and equipment --&gt;[[File:First camera phone picture.gif|150px]]
|[[File:NBSFirstScanImageRestored.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Self portrait (8618889472).jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Photographic techniques, terms, and equipment --&gt;
|}

=== ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Places --&gt;[[File:Village martyr d'Oradour-sur-Glane 10.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Burning Eternal Flame Falls Chestnut Ridge Park NY 2025-09.webm|150px]]
|[[File:SW Hullathy Gram Panchayat Villages Nilgiris Nov24 A7CR 05293.jpg|150px|ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ [[ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵜⵉ]], ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵍⴳⵉⵔⵉⵙ]]
|[[File:Stockholms stadshus February 2026 02.jpg|150px|ⵜⵓⵥⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵙⵜⵓⴽⵀⵓⵍⵎ]], ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⵔ ⵉⴳⵔⵙⵏ.]]
|[[File:Spb 06-2012 Chesme Church.jpg|150px|ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵣⵎⵉ.]]
|[[File:Кызылкуп на рассвете.jpg|150px|ⵇⵉⵣⵉⵍⴽⵓⴱ ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴳⵉ.]]
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;Dülmen, Hausdülmen, Felder am Mühlenweg -- 2025 -- 0117.jpg
|[[File:Dunes, Désert du Thar.jpg|150px|ⵜⵉⴳⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵍ, [[ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔ]].]]
|[[File:Dülmen, Hausdülmen, Felder am Mühlenweg -- 2025 -- 0117.jpg|150px|ⴷⵓⵍⵎⵏ, ⵀⴰⵡⵙⴷⵓⵍⵎⵏ, ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ &quot;ⵎⵓⵍⵏⵡⵉⴳ&quot;]]
|[[File:Gütenbach, Teichschlucht -- 2025 -- 7668.jpg|150px|ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵣⵔ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⴳ, ⵜⴰⵢⵛ-ⵛⵍⵓⵅⵜ]]
|[[File:Hassan Tower, Rabat, Marocco (صومعة حسان ).jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Places --&gt;
|}

=== ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵢⵏ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Plants --&gt;[[File:Mandarins - whole and halved.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:055 Pink Ipê tree in Mato Grosso Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Walnuts - whole and open with halved kernel.jpg|150px|ⴰⴳⵓⵙⵉⵎ]]
|[[File:Camellia × williamsii 'Jury's Yellow'. 25-03-2024 (d.j.b.).jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Achacha fruits and seed.jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Plants --&gt;
|-
|}

=== ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Sciences --&gt;[[File:Gypse Caresse.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Porto Covo Outubro 2014-3.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Cytoplasmic streaming.webm|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Sciences --&gt;
|-
|}


=== ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Space --&gt;[[File:At Sardinia 2025 010 - Sardinia Radio Telescope.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Trifid and Lagoon nebulae.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Venus globe.jpg|150px|ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵏ|ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵏ]] (Vénus) ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ 180 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵄⴱⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵕⴰⴹⴰⵕ ⴱⵓ ⵜⵛⵏⴱⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴰⵣ ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵢⵔⵓⵔ ⵎⴰⵊⵉⵍⴰⵏ. ⵜⵜⵓⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵢⵓⵏⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵏ, ⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵔⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴽⵍⵓⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴷⴰⵣⵏ ⴼⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰ 13 ⴷ 14.]]
|[[File:VST images the Lagoon Nebula.jpg|150px|ⵉⵡⵉⵥ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ]]
|[[File:Olympic Peninsula with Puget Sound by Sentinel-2, 2018-09-28 (small version).jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Space --&gt;
|}

=== ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜⵉⵏ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Vehicles --&gt;[[File:USS Zumwalt (DDG 1000).jpg|150px]]
|[[File:SS Sankt Erik icebreaker museum ship Stockholm 2016 02.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Uss iowa bb-61 pr.jpg|150px|ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵔⴰⴱⵓ ⵏ USS Iowa (BB-61) ⴳ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴽⵓⵙ|ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴽⵓⵙ]].]]
|[[File:Pilot boat at Landsort April 2012.jpg|150px|[[ⴰⵖⵔⵔⴰⴱⵓ ⴰⵏⴷⴱⴰⵍ]], [[ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ]] [[2012]]]]
|[[File:Shikara - Sukhna Lake - Chandigarh 2016-08-07 (edit).jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Vehicles --&gt;
|}

&lt;div style=margin-left:1.6em&gt;» subpages: [[Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Vehicles/Air|air]], [[Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Vehicles/Land|land]], [[Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Vehicles/Water|water]]&lt;/div&gt;

=== ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Other lifeforms --&gt;[[File:Деления инфузорий Colpidium.webm|150px]]
|[[File:Pinnularia major.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:The ciliate Frontonia sp.jpg|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Other lifeforms --&gt;
|}

=== ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴰⴹⵏ===
{| role=presentation style=&quot;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1.6em&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|&lt;!-- start of Other --&gt;[[File:Ebola Virus - Electron Micrograph.tiff|150px]]
|[[File:Train station with train and coal depot by Gustave Le Gray1.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Shishkin, Ivan - Morning in a Pine Forest.jpg|150px|ⵉⴼⴰⵏ ⵛⵉⵛⴽⵉⵏ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⴷⴰ]]
|[[File:Rain Vortex Night Jewel Changi Feb23 R16 06856.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Plasma globe 23s.webm|150px]]&lt;!-- end of Other --&gt;
|-
|}

|}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;!--ⵉⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ--&gt;
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>52641</id>
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      <id>175795</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:35:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aotearoa</username>
        <id>37147</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ&quot;</comment>
      <origin>175795</origin>
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      <text bytes="57" sha1="mlkxff5y4cqxebeieeiokn0dx2k30ku" xml:space="preserve">ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-27T15:50:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
        <id>13</id>
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      <origin>175797</origin>
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      <text bytes="79" sha1="7lwo780x6obf2b52lvyb2iim9pbmh0k" xml:space="preserve">{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ |ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ |ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⵛⴰⵀ ⵔⵓⵅ ⵅⴰⵏ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52642</id>
    <revision>
      <id>175801</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T16:28:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⵣⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ</username>
        <id>21</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''ⵛⴰⵀ ⵔⵓⵅ ⵅⴰⵏ''' (ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⴰⵙ: ''ⵛⴰⵀ ⵔⵓⵅ ⵅⴰⵏ''، ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⵙ 2 ⵏ ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1965)، ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵙ SRK، ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ، ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵙ “ⴰⴱ...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>175801</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1679" sha1="gdow8se8ddi6w265oaz3pztbysg65sq" xml:space="preserve">'''ⵛⴰⵀ ⵔⵓⵅ ⵅⴰⵏ''' (ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⴰⵙ: ''ⵛⴰⵀ ⵔⵓⵅ ⵅⴰⵏ''، ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⵙ 2 ⵏ ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1965)، ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵙ SRK، ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ، ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵙ “ⴰⴱⴰⴷⵛⴰⵀ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵉⵡⵓⴷ” ⴷ “ⴽⵉⵏⴳ ⵅⴰⵏ”، ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵢ ⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ، ⵉⵙⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴼⵉⵏ، ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵙⵉⵔⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ 15 ⵏ Filmfare Awards.
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵙ Padma Shri ⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⵢⴰ، ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ Ordre des Arts et des Lettres ⴷ Legion of Honour ⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ. ⵅⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⵉⴷⴷⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ.
ⵙ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵍⵉⵏ، ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ، ⴷ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⴳⵍⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⵢⴰ، ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ، ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵖⵉⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ، ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵙⵜ.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>175815</id>
      <parentid>175801</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-28T11:36:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>175815</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1979" sha1="0qxz0p2ldssr4l0y2jz2qpnax3xbndz" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⵛⴰⵀ ⵔⵓⵅ ⵅⴰⵏ''' (ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⴰⵙ: ''ⵛⴰⵀ ⵔⵓⵅ ⵅⴰⵏ''، ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⵙ 2 ⵏ ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1965)، ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵙ SRK، ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ، ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵙ “ⴰⴱⴰⴷⵛⴰⵀ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵉⵡⵓⴷ” ⴷ “ⴽⵉⵏⴳ ⵅⴰⵏ”، ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵢ ⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ، ⵉⵙⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴼⵉⵏ، ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵙⵉⵔⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ 15 ⵏ Filmfare Awards.
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵙ Padma Shri ⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⵢⴰ، ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ Ordre des Arts et des Lettres ⴷ Legion of Honour ⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ. ⵅⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⵉⴷⴷⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ.
ⵙ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵍⵉⵏ، ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ، ⴷ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⴳⵍⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⵢⴰ، ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰ، ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵖⵉⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ، ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⵓⵙⵜ.

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ |ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ |ⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷ |ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉ |ⴱⵓⵍⵉⵡⵓⴷ |ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎ }}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52643</id>
    <revision>
      <id>175802</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T18:48:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aymen Bahi Bin Ali Bin mouh</username>
        <id>37348</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:ar:Special:Redirect/revision/74329143|النمامشة]]&quot;</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1018" sha1="9dukji40eygoeiwgl3d77amp90i6kqu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;blockquote&gt;[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ.jpg|thumb|'''ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ''']]ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⴰⵎⵛⵏ '''(ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ: ⴰⵀ ⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ)''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵇⵓⵏ ⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵛⴰⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ &quot;ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot; ⵏⵖ &quot;ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot;, ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵜⵛⴽⴽⵍⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵏⴰⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵉⵖⴰ (ⵀⵡⵡⴰⵔⴰ). ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵅⵏⵛⵍⴰ.

&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9dukji40eygoeiwgl3d77amp90i6kqu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>175803</id>
      <parentid>175802</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T19:00:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aymen Bahi Bin Ali Bin mouh</username>
        <id>37348</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⴰⴳⴻⵊⴷⴰⵏ</comment>
      <origin>175803</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2340" sha1="n7he0rm9qgcr768vtf1l7mi0n68fnyy" xml:space="preserve">[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ.jpg|thumb|'''ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ''']]'''ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⴰⵎⵛⵏ''' '''''(ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ: ⴰⵀ ⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ)''''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵇⵓⵏ ⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵛⴰⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ &quot;ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot; ⵏⵖ &quot;ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot;, ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵜⵛⴽⴽⵍⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵏⴰⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵉⵖⴰ (ⵀⵡⵡⴰⵔⴰ). ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵅⵏⵛⵍⴰ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Making sure you're not a bot! |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2713 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=journals.openedition.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;small&gt;ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵡⵡⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵉⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ. ⵜⵛⴽⴽⵍ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot; ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⴽⵓⵣⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴱⵙⵙⴰ, ⴱⵉⵔ ⵍⵄⴰⵜⵔ, ⵅⵏⵛⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵏⴰⵊⵉ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ: ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵣⴰⵖⵏ. ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵜⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ: '''ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵍⵡⴰⵏ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵔⵛⴰⵛ, ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⴰⵔⵛⵏ'''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n7he0rm9qgcr768vtf1l7mi0n68fnyy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>175812</id>
      <parentid>175803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-28T11:34:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>175812</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2369" sha1="9nj0v5uxnlnztg4tp0n8d9tv8duewv0" xml:space="preserve">[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ.jpg|thumb|'''ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ''']]'''ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⴰⵎⵛⵏ''' '''''(ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ: ⴰⵀ ⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ)''''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵇⵓⵏ ⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵛⴰⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ &quot;ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot; ⵏⵖ &quot;ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot;, ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵜⵛⴽⴽⵍⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵏⴰⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵉⵖⴰ (ⵀⵡⵡⴰⵔⴰ). ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵅⵏⵛⵍⴰ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Making sure you're not a bot! |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2713 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=journals.openedition.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;small&gt;ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵡⵡⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵉⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ. ⵜⵛⴽⴽⵍ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot; ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⴽⵓⵣⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴱⵙⵙⴰ, ⴱⵉⵔ ⵍⵄⴰⵜⵔ, ⵅⵏⵛⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵏⴰⵊⵉ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ: ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵣⴰⵖⵏ. ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵜⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ: '''ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵍⵡⴰⵏ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵔⵛⴰⵛ, ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⴰⵔⵛⵏ'''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>175813</id>
      <parentid>175812</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-28T11:34:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>175813</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2497" sha1="6nj4rq04spk1zy0zeebmvgoekwzavvp" xml:space="preserve">[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ.jpg|thumb|'''ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ''']]'''ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⴰⵎⵛⵏ''' '''''(ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ: ⴰⵀ ⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ)''''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵇⵓⵏ ⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵛⴰⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ &quot;ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot; ⵏⵖ &quot;ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot;, ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵜⵛⴽⴽⵍⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵏⴰⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵉⵖⴰ (ⵀⵡⵡⴰⵔⴰ). ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵅⵏⵛⵍⴰ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Making sure you're not a bot! |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2713 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=journals.openedition.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;small&gt;ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵡⵡⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵉⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ. ⵜⵛⴽⴽⵍ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot; ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⴽⵓⵣⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴱⵙⵙⴰ, ⴱⵉⵔ ⵍⵄⴰⵜⵔ, ⵅⵏⵛⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵏⴰⵊⵉ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ: ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵣⴰⵖⵏ. ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵜⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ: '''ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵍⵡⴰⵏ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵔⵛⴰⵛ, ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⴰⵔⵛⵏ'''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ |ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ |ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰ |ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>175814</id>
      <parentid>175813</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-28T11:35:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>175814</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2532" sha1="7555z3vtxrvndgy6d17mf8i1uhcncwi" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ.jpg|thumb|'''ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ''']]'''ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⴰⵎⵛⵏ''' '''''(ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ: ⴰⵀ ⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛ)''''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵇⵓⵏ ⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵛⴰⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ &quot;ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot; ⵏⵖ &quot;ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot;, ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵜⵛⴽⴽⵍⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵏⴰⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵉⵖⴰ (ⵀⵡⵡⴰⵔⴰ). ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵅⵏⵛⵍⴰ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Making sure you're not a bot! |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2713 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=journals.openedition.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;small&gt;ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵡⵡⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵉⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ. ⵜⵛⴽⴽⵍ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ&quot; ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⴽⵓⵣⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴱⵙⵙⴰ, ⴱⵉⵔ ⵍⵄⴰⵜⵔ, ⵅⵏⵛⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵏⴰⵊⵉ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ: ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵣⴰⵖⵏ. ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵛⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵜⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ: '''ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵍⵡⴰⵏ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵔⵛⴰⵛ, ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⴰⵔⵛⵏ'''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ |ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ |ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰ |ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ}}</text>
      <sha1>7555z3vtxrvndgy6d17mf8i1uhcncwi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52644</id>
    <revision>
      <id>175804</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T19:34:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aymen Bahi Bin Ali Bin mouh</username>
        <id>37348</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ</comment>
      <origin>175804</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4746" sha1="fetkryr5rdylivbim7wwcsd7vs0mu20" xml:space="preserve">'''ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ [[ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ|ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ]]''' &lt;small&gt;'''''(Atomic Number)'''''&lt;/small&gt; ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ &lt;sup&gt;'''&lt;small&gt;(ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ: Z)&lt;/small&gt;'''&lt;/sup&gt; ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ. ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵓⵏⵙⵉⴱ (neutral), ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵉⴳⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⴰⵔⵜ (periodic table) ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴹⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ. 

ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴷⴰ ⴷ: 

'''ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎⵜ (atomic mass):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ [[ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=CODATA Value: atomic mass constant |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?u |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=physics.nist.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ (mass number):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/R05258.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929023958/http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/R05258.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-29 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.iupac.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⴰⵙⴰⵜ (relative atomic mass):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵏⴰ (ratio) ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵖⵔ 1/12 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-12.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=CIAAW {{!}} Atomic Weight Name and History |url=http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic_weights2.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215231731/http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic_weights2.htm |archive-date=2013-12-15 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.ciaaw.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⴷⴷⴰⵍ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⴰⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵍⵉⴽﺘⵔⵓⵏ. ⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ (charge) ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ '''(-)''', ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ '''(+)'''. ⵉⵣⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ (Metals) ⴰⵔ ⵙⵔⵓⵖⵓⴷⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵔⵓⵏⵏ, ⵎⴰ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ. 

ⵉⵔⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ (Non-metals) ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵥⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵓⵏⵏ. ⵉⵍⵉⴽﺘⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎⵏ. ⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⴷⴷⵉⵍ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ &lt;sup&gt;''(isotope)''&lt;/sup&gt; ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-12 ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-14, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳⵏ. ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎت. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 8 ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵏⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 8 ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵉⴱرⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ, ⴷⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ &lt;sup&gt;''(isotope)''&lt;/sup&gt;.</text>
      <sha1>fetkryr5rdylivbim7wwcsd7vs0mu20</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>175808</id>
      <parentid>175804</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-28T11:31:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
        <id>13</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>175808</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4779" sha1="a14c7xfponjl6bu3cvx6sagswpgmk1o" xml:space="preserve">'''ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ [[ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ|ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ]]''' &lt;small&gt;'''''(Atomic Number)'''''&lt;/small&gt; ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ &lt;sup&gt;'''&lt;small&gt;(ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ: Z)&lt;/small&gt;'''&lt;/sup&gt; ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ. ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵓⵏⵙⵉⴱ (neutral), ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵉⴳⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⴰⵔⵜ (periodic table) ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴹⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ. 

== ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴷⴰ ⴷ: ==
'''ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎⵜ (atomic mass):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ [[ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=CODATA Value: atomic mass constant |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?u |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=physics.nist.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ (mass number):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/R05258.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929023958/http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/R05258.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-29 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.iupac.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⴰⵙⴰⵜ (relative atomic mass):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵏⴰ (ratio) ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵖⵔ 1/12 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-12.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=CIAAW {{!}} Atomic Weight Name and History |url=http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic_weights2.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215231731/http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic_weights2.htm |archive-date=2013-12-15 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.ciaaw.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⴷⴷⴰⵍ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⴰⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵍⵉⴽﺘⵔⵓⵏ. ⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ (charge) ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ '''(-)''', ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ '''(+)'''. ⵉⵣⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ (Metals) ⴰⵔ ⵙⵔⵓⵖⵓⴷⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵔⵓⵏⵏ, ⵎⴰ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ. 

ⵉⵔⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ (Non-metals) ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵥⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵓⵏⵏ. ⵉⵍⵉⴽﺘⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎⵏ. ⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⴷⴷⵉⵍ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ &lt;sup&gt;''(isotope)''&lt;/sup&gt; ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-12 ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-14, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳⵏ. ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎت. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 8 ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵏⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 8 ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵉⴱرⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ, ⴷⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ &lt;sup&gt;''(isotope)''&lt;/sup&gt;.

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Lhoussine Bentayfaste</username>
        <id>13</id>
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      <comment>/* ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4924" sha1="5gmwm3gv8c4roelqdyc484r9d7p7hgd" xml:space="preserve">'''ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ [[ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ|ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ]]''' &lt;small&gt;'''''(Atomic Number)'''''&lt;/small&gt; ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ &lt;sup&gt;'''&lt;small&gt;(ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ: Z)&lt;/small&gt;'''&lt;/sup&gt; ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ. ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵓⵏⵙⵉⴱ (neutral), ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵉⴳⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⴰⵔⵜ (periodic table) ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴹⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ. 

== ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴷⴰ ⴷ: ==
'''ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎⵜ (atomic mass):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ [[ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=CODATA Value: atomic mass constant |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?u |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=physics.nist.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ (mass number):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/R05258.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929023958/http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/R05258.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-29 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.iupac.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⴰⵙⴰⵜ (relative atomic mass):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵏⴰ (ratio) ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵖⵔ 1/12 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-12.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=CIAAW {{!}} Atomic Weight Name and History |url=http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic_weights2.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215231731/http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic_weights2.htm |archive-date=2013-12-15 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.ciaaw.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⴷⴷⴰⵍ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⴰⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵍⵉⴽﺘⵔⵓⵏ. ⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ (charge) ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ '''(-)''', ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ '''(+)'''. ⵉⵣⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ (Metals) ⴰⵔ ⵙⵔⵓⵖⵓⴷⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵔⵓⵏⵏ, ⵎⴰ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ. 

ⵉⵔⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ (Non-metals) ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵥⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵓⵏⵏ. ⵉⵍⵉⴽﺘⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎⵏ. ⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⴷⴷⵉⵍ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ &lt;sup&gt;''(isotope)''&lt;/sup&gt; ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-12 ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-14, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳⵏ. ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎت. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 8 ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵏⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 8 ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵉⴱرⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ, ⴷⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ &lt;sup&gt;''(isotope)''&lt;/sup&gt;.

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ |ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵣⵉⴽⵜ |ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ |ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ |ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ }}</text>
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      <text bytes="4959" sha1="2f2j1kxj5mg0myl6jegwjco797fg1tr" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ [[ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ|ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ]]''' &lt;small&gt;'''''(Atomic Number)'''''&lt;/small&gt; ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ &lt;sup&gt;'''&lt;small&gt;(ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ: Z)&lt;/small&gt;'''&lt;/sup&gt; ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ. ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵓⵏⵙⵉⴱ (neutral), ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵉⴳⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵔⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍ. ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⴰⵔⵜ (periodic table) ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴹⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ. 

== ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴷⴰ ⴷ: ==
'''ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎⵜ (atomic mass):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ [[ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=CODATA Value: atomic mass constant |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?u |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=physics.nist.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ (mass number):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/R05258.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929023958/http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/R05258.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-29 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.iupac.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ⵜⴰⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⴰⵙⴰⵜ (relative atomic mass):''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵏⴰ (ratio) ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⵔⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵖⵔ 1/12 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-12.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=CIAAW {{!}} Atomic Weight Name and History |url=http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic_weights2.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215231731/http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic_weights2.htm |archive-date=2013-12-15 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.ciaaw.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⴷⴷⴰⵍ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⴰⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵍⵉⴽﺘⵔⵓⵏ. ⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ (charge) ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ '''(-)''', ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ '''(+)'''. ⵉⵣⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ (Metals) ⴰⵔ ⵙⵔⵓⵖⵓⴷⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵔⵓⵏⵏ, ⵎⴰ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ. 

ⵉⵔⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ (Non-metals) ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵥⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵓⵏⵏ. ⵉⵍⵉⴽﺘⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎⵏ. ⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏⵖ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⴷⴷⵉⵍ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ &lt;sup&gt;''(isotope)''&lt;/sup&gt; ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-12 ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵍⴽⴰⵔⴱⵓⵏ-14, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳⵏ. ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴷⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵍⴽⴰⵎت. ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 8 ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵏⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 8 ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ. ⴽⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵉⴱرⵓⵜⵓⵏⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵜⵔⵓⵏⵏ, ⴷⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⴽⵜ &lt;sup&gt;''(isotope)''&lt;/sup&gt;.

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ |ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵣⵉⴽⵜ |ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ |ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ |ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ }}</text>
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