漢語

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="lzh">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>維基大典</sitename>
    <dbname>zh_classicalwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B8:%E5%8D%B7%E9%A6%96</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">媒體</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">特殊</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">討論</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">用戶</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">用戶討論</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">維基大典</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">維基大典討論</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">檔案</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">檔案討論</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">MediaWiki討論</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">模板</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">模板討論</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">說明</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">說明討論</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">分類</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">分類討論</namespace>
      <namespace key="100" case="first-letter">門</namespace>
      <namespace key="101" case="first-letter">議</namespace>
      <namespace key="106" case="first-letter">稿</namespace>
      <namespace key="107" case="first-letter">酌稿</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">模組</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">模組討論</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>漢語</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9935</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418449</id>
      <parentid>418443</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T12:31:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>88570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>418449</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39537" sha1="lcgkdov9lqii1jw35jvaxbjhj2nqfw3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chineselanguage.svg|right|frameless|upright]]
'''漢語'''者，[[漢族|漢人]]之言也。蓋[[華夏]]地方廣遠，山河數列，海內習用，方音殊異。以中國人多，以漢語為[[母語]]者亦眾，合以十億計，普世之五一。

== 音韻 ==

漢語一字一音，一音可分為聲、韻、調。[[漢字]]多不表音，故初用「讀若某」。後[[佛教]]東傳，得[[梵文]]而知[[反切]]，乃用以標音。近世，創[[國語注音|注音符號]]及[[漢語拼音]]，以明音韻。

== 語法 ==
漢語為[[孤立語]]、或曰分析語，此謂詞彙無[[格 (語法)|格]]、[[態 (語法)|態]]、[[性 (語法)|性]]、[[數 (語法)|數]]之變。唯示以[[語序]]之先後及虛字之用而達意。

語序為：[[主謂賓]]，[[修飾語|偏次]]先於[[中心語|正次]]。於數數，必附[[量詞]]於數後。各[[方言]][[語法]]略異，故白話文之行可亂文字。乃以國語語法為白話文語法。

古者語法，同乎[[文言]]。

== 文字 ==
{{main|漢字}}
三代以降，[[漢字]]初成。[[秦]]以書同文，必用[[小篆]]，其後偶有數變，用之不更至民季，共和國立，納昔[[錢玄同]]所倡簡字法，加以矯正，遂成今制，曰[[簡化字]]，今[[中國大陸]]、[[新加坡]]、[[馬來西亞]]行之。[[香港]]、[[澳門]]、[[臺灣]]仍因舊制，書傳統漢字。

近代西學東傳，亦有以[[拉丁字母]]記音者，法式歧異。至共和國立，創[[漢語拼音|拼音]]，授之於小學。初，國人頗思廢漢字，後以同音多，拉丁文字無象形之用，遂止。

== 沿革 ==
三代之時，天下有國千萬，言語不通。[[周]]既王，始有[[雅言]]。諸子著作，皆以雅言。及周道微，天下紛亂，言語異聲，文字異形。尤是楚語至不同也。[[秦始皇帝]]混一車書，獨用秦[[小篆|篆]]，各地方言日合。然至於[[許慎]]之世，[[說文解字]]之所錄，亦有同義而音異之字，多有「某地曰某為某」之訓。蓋天下文字雖一，而言語未統也。此[[上古音]]也。古語於語法異於今音，可見諸[[尚書]]。

魏晉之世，北族南面，雖[[魏孝文帝]]力主洛音，而古音已變，[[詩]]始不得押韻。[[中原]]漢胡雜合，而成唐音，為[[中古音|中古之音]]。於南國，衣冠之南渡，亦有吳音混於正音者。此世[[樂府]]有吳曲、西州曲之分，蓋亦異音之故也。

[[趙宋|宋]]季，[[中原]]復為胡君，語音大變。[[四聲]]缺入，派為三聲。唯江南淪陷不足百年，語音未大變也。[[明]]初都[[應天]]，[[永樂]]間北遷，百官隨同，江左之音復入燕地。以後四百年皆都[[北京]]，遂以為[[國語]]矣。

及[[中華人民共和國]]立，以國語為[[普通話]]，舉世皆以其漢語之正音。實其正音以國語稍改而成，[[中華民國|國民政府]]遷臺，用其國語至今未廢。然分立五十年，習用亦異也。大異者，舉凡[[兒化韻]]之用，[[外來詞]]之源，王畿方言之不同，亦成其異也。

於地方，雖有國語，實方言殊音甚多，惟[[學校]]、[[典禮]]多用正音。

今世，以漢語為官話者，有中國、[[新加坡]]、[[聯合國]]。隨中國國力日蓄，萬國習之者眾，以利來華遊學仕商。

== 方言 ==
蓋漢語歧甚，遠者異域不相通，近者十里音不同。然文惟一，為世所稀見。

以[[語言學]]分，言不通即非一語。且語法各異，故有漢語為一語族之論。漢語諸言，概分如下：

* [[官話]]，聞之中原、巴蜀、江北，滿蒙疆人亦多用之。今中國大陸之[[普通話]]、臺灣之[[中華民國國語|國語]]、南洋之[[華語]]皆宗[[北京官話]][[京師片]]。
* [[吳語]]，聞之吳越之地，昔宗[[蘇州話]]，今宗[[上海話]]。
* [[閩語]]，聞之閩臺之地，瓊文之民亦操之，其中分[[閩北語|閩北]]、[[閩東語|閩東]]、[[閩南語|閩南]]、[[閩中語|閩中]]、[[莆仙話|莆仙]]，五語各不相通。
* [[粵語]]，聞之嶺南，至於海外。[[廣州話]]為宗。
* [[客語]]，聞之南境，為[[客家人]]之言，[[梅州話]]為宗。
* [[湘語]]，聞之楚南。分新老二派。[[長沙話|長沙]]、[[雙峰話]]為宗。
* [[贛語]]，聞之[[江西]]，[[南昌話]]為宗。
* [[徽語]]，聞之皖南，[[徽州話]]為宗。今或以之為吳語之別種。
* [[晉語]]，聞之晉北、陝北、雲中等處，[[太原話]]為宗。

官話復分數種，以下次第：
*[[東北官話]]，聞之東北，宗[[瀋陽話]]。
*[[北京官話]]，聞之北京，東北，新疆之一部，宗[[北京話]]。
*[[江淮官話]]，聞之蘇中蘇北之大部，蘇南之一部及皖中，宗[[揚州話]]，以其地雜吳語，兩者相生，或謂淮語。明代以之為國語。
*[[西南官話]]，聞之川，桂，滇，貴，宗[[成都話]]。
*[[中原官話]]，聞之中原，關中，魯南。各地或有別種。宗[[洛陽話]]、[[西安話]]。
*[[冀魯官話]]，聞之冀，魯。宗[[濟南話]]。
*[[蘭銀官話]]，聞之隴上，寧夏。宗[[蘭州話]]。
*[[膠遼官話]]，聞之齊東，遼南，東北之一部。學界多宗[[煙臺話]]。

以下諸言皆從屬不明：
* [[廣西平話]]，聞之[[廣西]]山村，或以之為[[粵語]]之別種。
* [[韶州土話]]、[[湘南土話]]，聞之五嶺南北，或言二者皆近平話，或從[[湘南土話]]於湘語。
* [[瓦鄉話]]，聞之湘西沅水谷地，壟斷山絕，漢苗雜居，故甚異於官音，或以為湘語之別種。

== 書典 ==
* 《[[康熙字典|康熙大字典]]》
* 《[[廣韻]]》
* 《[[說文解字]]》

== 他典 ==
* [http://lexikon.china2day.de 《在線英漢字典》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713122604/http://lexikon.china2day.de/ |date=2007-07-13 }} &lt;!--
*[http://www.MonkeyKingSoft.com/ MonkeyKingSoft.com] - 使用电脑软件学习汉字：在电脑上动态显示汉字笔顺，或者打印成卡片帮助记忆。 --&gt;
* [http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/ 《康熙大字典》]
* [http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/MANDR/EDU6300001/allbook/bishuen/c8.htm?open 《常用國字標準字體筆順手冊》]
* [http://zgyy.faedia.com 《國文論壇》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210215/http://zgyy.faedia.com/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
* [http://www.zdic.net 《在線漢語字典》]
* [http://www.zhongwen.com/Zhongwen.com 《網上中英字典》]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.newconcept.com/School/text_books.html 海外中文教材]--&gt;
* [http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ 《輕鬆習中文》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.chinawestexchange.com/ China West Exchange]: 本网点是为了让西方人认识中国文化，中国人认识西方语言和文化而作的--&gt;
&lt;!--*[http://malandrin.org 马来西亚官话方言]
*[http://www.mina.ks.edu.tw/ 高雄县闽南语教材教学資料库]
*[http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/ Cantonese Help Sheets]: 粤语教程
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ 粵語審音配詞字庫]
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ Chinese to English Dictionary]: 中英字典
*[http://5189.asinah.net/ 中英字典 English to Chinese Dictionary]
*[http://us.dict.cn/ Dict.CN 中英字典 英中字典 English-Chinese and Chinese-English Dictionary on line]
*[http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a9305416/ Chinese Linguistics]: 汉语语言学网站（英文）
*[http://www.chineselanguage.org/CCDICT/index.html Chinese Characters Dictionary]: 支持日语、韩语、粤语等。
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton2/ Cantonese Talking Syllabary]: 中文网站（繁体）

*[http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/zh.htm 网上上免费的普通话教程]
*[http://www.hanyu.com.cn/ Online College of Chinese Language汉语远程学院教学网]（中国国家汉办、华东师大合办)--&gt;
* [http://www.hello-han.com/index.php 《漢語，你好！》遠程教育網] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409174241/http://www.hello-han.com/index.php |date=2021-04-09 }}
&lt;!--[http://www-ms.cc.ntu.edu.tw/~chinlit/ National Taiwan University Department of Chinese Literature]
*[http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/cin Turkish-Chinese Translators in China] --&gt;
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1270 漢語方言列表]
*[http://yedict.com/ 字海網、葉典網]

{{堪讀之文}}

[[Category:漢語]]
[[Category:基礎之文]]</text>
      <sha1>lcgkdov9lqii1jw35jvaxbjhj2nqfw3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418455</id>
      <parentid>418449</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T15:13:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>88570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>418455</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39609" sha1="r5044ii6ivclhublnin0kkfow4d7hxc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chineselanguage.svg|right|frameless|upright]]
'''漢語'''者，[[漢族|漢人]]之言也。蓋[[華夏]]地方廣遠，山河數列，海內習用，方音殊異。以中國人多，以漢語為[[母語]]者亦眾，合以十億計，普世之五一。

== 音韻 ==

漢語一字一音，一音可分為聲、韻、調。[[漢字]]多不表音，故初用「讀若某」。後[[佛教]]東傳，得[[梵文]]而知[[反切]]，乃用以標音。近世，創[[國語注音|注音符號]]及[[漢語拼音]]，以明音韻。

== 語法 ==
漢語為[[孤立語]]、或曰分析語，此謂詞彙無[[格 (語法)|格]]、[[態 (語法)|態]]、[[性 (語法)|性]]、[[數 (語法)|數]]之變。唯示以[[語序]]之先後及虛字之用而達意。

語序為：[[主謂賓]]，[[修飾語|偏次]]先於[[中心語|正次]]。於數數，必附[[量詞]]於數後。各[[方言]][[語法]]略異，故白話文之行可亂文字。乃以國語語法為白話文語法。

古者語法，同乎[[文言]]。

== 文字 ==
{{main|漢字}}
三代以降，[[漢字]]初成。[[秦]]以書同文，必用[[小篆]]，其後偶有數變，用之不更至民季，共和國立，納昔[[錢玄同]]所倡簡字法，加以矯正，遂成今制，曰[[簡化字]]，今[[中國大陸]]、[[新加坡]]、[[馬來西亞]]行之。[[香港]]、[[澳門]]、[[臺灣]]仍因舊制，書傳統漢字。

近代西學東傳，亦有以[[拉丁字母]]記音者，法式歧異。至共和國立，創[[漢語拼音|拼音]]，授之於小學。初，國人頗思廢漢字，後以同音多，拉丁文字無象形之用，遂止。

== 沿革 ==
三代之時，天下有國千萬，言語不通。[[周]]既王，始有[[雅言]]。諸子著作，皆以雅言。及周道微，天下紛亂，言語異聲，文字異形。尤是楚語至不同也。[[秦始皇帝]]混一車書，獨用秦[[小篆|篆]]，各地方言日合。然至於[[許慎]]之世，[[說文解字]]之所錄，亦有同義而音異之字，多有「某地曰某為某」之訓。蓋天下文字雖一，而言語未統也。此[[上古音]]也。古語於語法異於今音，可見諸[[尚書]]。

魏晉之世，北族南面，雖[[魏孝文帝]]力主洛音，而古音已變，[[詩]]始不得押韻。[[中原]]漢胡雜合，而成唐音，為[[中古音|中古之音]]。於南國，衣冠之南渡，亦有吳音混於正音者。此世[[樂府]]有吳曲、西州曲之分，蓋亦異音之故也。

[[趙宋|宋]]季，[[中原]]復為胡君，語音大變。[[四聲]]缺入，派為三聲。唯江南淪陷不足百年，語音未大變也。[[明]]初都[[應天]]，[[永樂]]間北遷，百官隨同，江左之音復入燕地。以後四百年皆都[[北京]]，遂以為[[國語]]矣。

及[[中華人民共和國]]立，以國語為[[普通話]]，舉世皆以其漢語之正音。實其正音以國語稍改而成，[[中華民國|國民政府]]遷臺，用其國語至今未廢。然分立五十年，習用亦異也。大異者，舉凡[[兒化韻]]之用，[[外來詞]]之源，王畿方言之不同，亦成其異也。

於地方，雖有國語，實方言殊音甚多，惟[[學校]]、[[典禮]]多用正音。

今世，以漢語為官話者，有中國、[[新加坡]]、[[聯合國]]。隨中國國力日蓄，萬國習之者眾，以利來華遊學仕商。

== 方言 ==
蓋漢語歧甚，遠者異域不相通，近者十里音不同。然文惟一，為世所稀見。

以[[語言學]]分，言不通即非一語。且語法各異，故有漢語為一語族之論。漢語諸言，概分如下：

* [[官話]]，聞之中原、巴蜀、江北，滿蒙疆人亦多用之。今中國大陸之[[普通話]]、臺灣之[[中華民國國語|國語]]、南洋之[[華語]]皆宗[[北京官話]][[京師片]]。
* [[吳語]]，聞之吳越之地，昔宗[[蘇州話]]，今宗[[上海話]]。
* [[閩語]]，聞之閩臺之地，瓊文之民亦操之，其中分[[閩北語|閩北]]、[[閩東語|閩東]]、[[閩南語|閩南]]、[[閩中語|閩中]]、[[莆仙話|莆仙]]，五語各不相通。
* [[粵語]]，聞之嶺南，至於海外。[[廣州話]]為宗。
* [[客語]]，聞之南境，為[[客家人]]之言，[[梅州話]]為宗。
* [[湘語]]，聞之楚南。分新老二派。[[長沙話|長沙]]、[[雙峰話]]為宗。
* [[贛語]]，聞之[[江西]]，[[南昌話]]為宗。
* [[徽語]]，聞之皖南，[[徽州話]]為宗。今或以之為吳語之別種。
* [[晉語]]，聞之晉北、陝北、雲中等處，[[太原話]]為宗。

官話復分數種，以下次第：
*[[東北官話]]，聞之東北，宗[[瀋陽話]]。
*[[北京官話]]，聞之北京，東北，新疆之一部，宗[[北京話]]。
*[[江淮官話]]，聞之蘇中蘇北之大部，蘇南之一部及皖中，宗[[揚州話]]，以其地雜吳語，兩者相生，或謂淮語。明代以之為國語。
*[[西南官話]]，聞之川，桂，滇，貴，宗[[成都話]]。
*[[中原官話]]，聞之中原，關中，魯南。各地或有別種。宗[[洛陽話]]、[[西安話]]。
*[[冀魯官話]]，聞之冀，魯。宗[[濟南話]]。
*[[蘭銀官話]]，聞之隴上，寧夏。宗[[蘭州話]]。
*[[膠遼官話]]，聞之齊東，遼南，東北之一部。學界多宗[[煙臺話]]。

以下諸言皆從屬不明：
* [[廣西平話]]，聞之[[廣西]]山村，或以之為[[粵語]]之別種。
* [[韶州土話]]、[[湘南土話]]，聞之五嶺南北，或言二者皆近平話，或從[[湘南土話]]於湘語。
* [[瓦鄉話]]，聞之湘西沅水谷地，壟斷山絕，漢苗雜居，故甚異於官音，或以為湘語之別種。

== 書典 ==
* 《[[康熙字典|康熙大字典]]》
* 《[[廣韻]]》
* 《[[說文解字]]》

== 他典 ==
* [http://lexikon.china2day.de 《在線英漢字典》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713122604/http://lexikon.china2day.de/ |date=2007-07-13 }} &lt;!--
*[http://www.MonkeyKingSoft.com/ MonkeyKingSoft.com] - 使用电脑软件学习汉字：在电脑上动态显示汉字笔顺，或者打印成卡片帮助记忆。 --&gt;
* [http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/ 《康熙大字典》]
* [http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/MANDR/EDU6300001/allbook/bishuen/c8.htm?open 《常用國字標準字體筆順手冊》]
* [http://zgyy.faedia.com 《國文論壇》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210215/http://zgyy.faedia.com/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
* [http://www.zdic.net 《在線漢語字典》]
* [http://www.zhongwen.com/Zhongwen.com 《網上中英字典》]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.newconcept.com/School/text_books.html 海外中文教材]--&gt;
* [http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ 《輕鬆習中文》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.chinawestexchange.com/ China West Exchange]: 本网点是为了让西方人认识中国文化，中国人认识西方语言和文化而作的--&gt;
&lt;!--*[http://malandrin.org 马来西亚官话方言]
*[http://www.mina.ks.edu.tw/ 高雄县闽南语教材教学資料库]
*[http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/ Cantonese Help Sheets]: 粤语教程
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ 粵語審音配詞字庫]
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ Chinese to English Dictionary]: 中英字典
*[http://5189.asinah.net/ 中英字典 English to Chinese Dictionary]
*[http://us.dict.cn/ Dict.CN 中英字典 英中字典 English-Chinese and Chinese-English Dictionary on line]
*[http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a9305416/ Chinese Linguistics]: 汉语语言学网站（英文）
*[http://www.chineselanguage.org/CCDICT/index.html Chinese Characters Dictionary]: 支持日语、韩语、粤语等。
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton2/ Cantonese Talking Syllabary]: 中文网站（繁体）

*[http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/zh.htm 网上上免费的普通话教程]
*[http://www.hanyu.com.cn/ Online College of Chinese Language汉语远程学院教学网]（中国国家汉办、华东师大合办)--&gt;
* [http://www.hello-han.com/index.php 《漢語，你好！》遠程教育網] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409174241/http://www.hello-han.com/index.php |date=2021-04-09 }}
&lt;!--[http://www-ms.cc.ntu.edu.tw/~chinlit/ National Taiwan University Department of Chinese Literature]
*[http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/cin Turkish-Chinese Translators in China] --&gt;
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1270 漢語方言列表]
*[http://yedict.com/ 字海網、葉典網]

{{堪讀之文}}

[[Category:漢語]]
[[Category:基礎之文]]</text>
      <sha1>r5044ii6ivclhublnin0kkfow4d7hxc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418458</id>
      <parentid>418455</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T17:37:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>88570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>418458</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39681" sha1="e8bt8qbt69gk9l0qxbvg6snj9qlx0w3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chineselanguage.svg|right|frameless|upright]]
'''漢語'''者，[[漢族|漢人]]之言也。蓋[[華夏]]地方廣遠，山河數列，海內習用，方音殊異。以中國人多，以漢語為[[母語]]者亦眾，合以十億計，普世之五一。

== 音韻 ==

漢語一字一音，一音可分為聲、韻、調。[[漢字]]多不表音，故初用「讀若某」。後[[佛教]]東傳，得[[梵文]]而知[[反切]]，乃用以標音。近世，創[[國語注音|注音符號]]及[[漢語拼音]]，以明音韻。

== 語法 ==
漢語為[[孤立語]]、或曰分析語，此謂詞彙無[[格 (語法)|格]]、[[態 (語法)|態]]、[[性 (語法)|性]]、[[數 (語法)|數]]之變。唯示以[[語序]]之先後及虛字之用而達意。

語序為：[[主謂賓]]，[[修飾語|偏次]]先於[[中心語|正次]]。於數數，必附[[量詞]]於數後。各[[方言]][[語法]]略異，故白話文之行可亂文字。乃以國語語法為白話文語法。

古者語法，同乎[[文言]]。

== 文字 ==
{{main|漢字}}
三代以降，[[漢字]]初成。[[秦]]以書同文，必用[[小篆]]，其後偶有數變，用之不更至民季，共和國立，納昔[[錢玄同]]所倡簡字法，加以矯正，遂成今制，曰[[簡化字]]，今[[中國大陸]]、[[新加坡]]、[[馬來西亞]]行之。[[香港]]、[[澳門]]、[[臺灣]]仍因舊制，書傳統漢字。

近代西學東傳，亦有以[[拉丁字母]]記音者，法式歧異。至共和國立，創[[漢語拼音|拼音]]，授之於小學。初，國人頗思廢漢字，後以同音多，拉丁文字無象形之用，遂止。

== 沿革 ==
三代之時，天下有國千萬，言語不通。[[周]]既王，始有[[雅言]]。諸子著作，皆以雅言。及周道微，天下紛亂，言語異聲，文字異形。尤是楚語至不同也。[[秦始皇帝]]混一車書，獨用秦[[小篆|篆]]，各地方言日合。然至於[[許慎]]之世，[[說文解字]]之所錄，亦有同義而音異之字，多有「某地曰某為某」之訓。蓋天下文字雖一，而言語未統也。此[[上古音]]也。古語於語法異於今音，可見諸[[尚書]]。

魏晉之世，北族南面，雖[[魏孝文帝]]力主洛音，而古音已變，[[詩]]始不得押韻。[[中原]]漢胡雜合，而成唐音，為[[中古音|中古之音]]。於南國，衣冠之南渡，亦有吳音混於正音者。此世[[樂府]]有吳曲、西州曲之分，蓋亦異音之故也。

[[趙宋|宋]]季，[[中原]]復為胡君，語音大變。[[四聲]]缺入，派為三聲。唯江南淪陷不足百年，語音未大變也。[[明]]初都[[應天]]，[[永樂]]間北遷，百官隨同，江左之音復入燕地。以後四百年皆都[[北京]]，遂以為[[國語]]矣。

及[[中華人民共和國]]立，以國語為[[普通話]]，舉世皆以其漢語之正音。實其正音以國語稍改而成，[[中華民國|國民政府]]遷臺，用其國語至今未廢。然分立五十年，習用亦異也。大異者，舉凡[[兒化韻]]之用，[[外來詞]]之源，王畿方言之不同，亦成其異也。

於地方，雖有國語，實方言殊音甚多，惟[[學校]]、[[典禮]]多用正音。

今世，以漢語為官話者，有中國、[[新加坡]]、[[聯合國]]。隨中國國力日蓄，萬國習之者眾，以利來華遊學仕商。

== 方言 ==
蓋漢語歧甚，遠者異域不相通，近者十里音不同。然文惟一，為世所稀見。

以[[語言學]]分，言不通即非一語。且語法各異，故有漢語為一語族之論。漢語諸言，概分如下：

* [[官話]]，聞之中原、巴蜀、江北，滿蒙疆人亦多用之。今中國大陸之[[普通話]]、臺灣之[[中華民國國語|國語]]、南洋之[[華語]]皆宗[[北京官話]][[京師片]]。
* [[吳語]]，聞之吳越之地，昔宗[[蘇州話]]，今宗[[上海話]]。
* [[閩語]]，聞之閩臺之地，瓊文之民亦操之，其中分[[閩北語|閩北]]、[[閩東語|閩東]]、[[閩南語|閩南]]、[[閩中語|閩中]]、[[莆仙話|莆仙]]，五語各不相通。
* [[粵語]]，聞之嶺南，至於海外。[[廣州話]]為宗。
* [[客語]]，聞之南境，為[[客家人]]之言，[[梅州話]]為宗。
* [[湘語]]，聞之楚南。分新老二派。[[長沙話|長沙]]、[[雙峰話]]為宗。
* [[贛語]]，聞之[[江西]]，[[南昌話]]為宗。
* [[徽語]]，聞之皖南，[[徽州話]]為宗。今或以之為吳語之別種。
* [[晉語]]，聞之晉北、陝北、雲中等處，[[太原話]]為宗。

官話復分數種，以下次第：
*[[東北官話]]，聞之東北，宗[[瀋陽話]]。
*[[北京官話]]，聞之北京，東北，新疆之一部，宗[[北京話]]。
*[[江淮官話]]，聞之蘇中蘇北之大部，蘇南之一部及皖中，宗[[揚州話]]，以其地雜吳語，兩者相生，或謂淮語。明代以之為國語。
*[[西南官話]]，聞之川，桂，滇，貴，宗[[成都話]]。
*[[中原官話]]，聞之中原，關中，魯南。各地或有別種。宗[[洛陽話]]、[[西安話]]。
*[[冀魯官話]]，聞之冀，魯。宗[[濟南話]]。
*[[蘭銀官話]]，聞之隴上，寧夏。宗[[蘭州話]]。
*[[膠遼官話]]，聞之齊東，遼南，東北之一部。學界多宗[[煙臺話]]。

以下諸言皆從屬不明：
* [[廣西平話]]，聞之[[廣西]]山村，或以之為[[粵語]]之別種。
* [[韶州土話]]、[[湘南土話]]，聞之五嶺南北，或言二者皆近平話，或從[[湘南土話]]於湘語。
* [[瓦鄉話]]，聞之湘西沅水谷地，壟斷山絕，漢苗雜居，故甚異於官音，或以為湘語之別種。

== 書典 ==
* 《[[康熙字典|康熙大字典]]》
* 《[[廣韻]]》
* 《[[說文解字]]》

== 他典 ==
* [http://lexikon.china2day.de 《在線英漢字典》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713122604/http://lexikon.china2day.de/ |date=2007-07-13 }} &lt;!--
*[http://www.MonkeyKingSoft.com/ MonkeyKingSoft.com] - 使用电脑软件学习汉字：在电脑上动态显示汉字笔顺，或者打印成卡片帮助记忆。 --&gt;
* [http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/ 《康熙大字典》]
* [http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/MANDR/EDU6300001/allbook/bishuen/c8.htm?open 《常用國字標準字體筆順手冊》]
* [http://zgyy.faedia.com 《國文論壇》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210215/http://zgyy.faedia.com/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
* [http://www.zdic.net 《在線漢語字典》]
* [http://www.zhongwen.com/Zhongwen.com 《網上中英字典》]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.newconcept.com/School/text_books.html 海外中文教材]--&gt;
* [http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ 《輕鬆習中文》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.chinawestexchange.com/ China West Exchange]: 本网点是为了让西方人认识中国文化，中国人认识西方语言和文化而作的--&gt;
&lt;!--*[http://malandrin.org 马来西亚官话方言]
*[http://www.mina.ks.edu.tw/ 高雄县闽南语教材教学資料库]
*[http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/ Cantonese Help Sheets]: 粤语教程
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ 粵語審音配詞字庫]
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ Chinese to English Dictionary]: 中英字典
*[http://5189.asinah.net/ 中英字典 English to Chinese Dictionary]
*[http://us.dict.cn/ Dict.CN 中英字典 英中字典 English-Chinese and Chinese-English Dictionary on line]
*[http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a9305416/ Chinese Linguistics]: 汉语语言学网站（英文）
*[http://www.chineselanguage.org/CCDICT/index.html Chinese Characters Dictionary]: 支持日语、韩语、粤语等。
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton2/ Cantonese Talking Syllabary]: 中文网站（繁体）

*[http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/zh.htm 网上上免费的普通话教程]
*[http://www.hanyu.com.cn/ Online College of Chinese Language汉语远程学院教学网]（中国国家汉办、华东师大合办)--&gt;
* [http://www.hello-han.com/index.php 《漢語，你好！》遠程教育網] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409174241/http://www.hello-han.com/index.php |date=2021-04-09 }}
&lt;!--[http://www-ms.cc.ntu.edu.tw/~chinlit/ National Taiwan University Department of Chinese Literature]
*[http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/cin Turkish-Chinese Translators in China] --&gt;
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1270 漢語方言列表]
*[http://yedict.com/ 字海網、葉典網]

{{堪讀之文}}

[[Category:漢語]]
[[Category:基礎之文]]</text>
      <sha1>e8bt8qbt69gk9l0qxbvg6snj9qlx0w3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418460</id>
      <parentid>418458</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T20:01:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>88570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>418460</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39753" sha1="8osl59do8nlp4gram0j28qey0vhu1vz" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chineselanguage.svg|right|frameless|upright]]
'''漢語'''者，[[漢族|漢人]]之言也。蓋[[華夏]]地方廣遠，山河數列，海內習用，方音殊異。以中國人多，以漢語為[[母語]]者亦眾，合以十億計，普世之五一。

== 音韻 ==

漢語一字一音，一音可分為聲、韻、調。[[漢字]]多不表音，故初用「讀若某」。後[[佛教]]東傳，得[[梵文]]而知[[反切]]，乃用以標音。近世，創[[國語注音|注音符號]]及[[漢語拼音]]，以明音韻。

== 語法 ==
漢語為[[孤立語]]、或曰分析語，此謂詞彙無[[格 (語法)|格]]、[[態 (語法)|態]]、[[性 (語法)|性]]、[[數 (語法)|數]]之變。唯示以[[語序]]之先後及虛字之用而達意。

語序為：[[主謂賓]]，[[修飾語|偏次]]先於[[中心語|正次]]。於數數，必附[[量詞]]於數後。各[[方言]][[語法]]略異，故白話文之行可亂文字。乃以國語語法為白話文語法。

古者語法，同乎[[文言]]。

== 文字 ==
{{main|漢字}}
三代以降，[[漢字]]初成。[[秦]]以書同文，必用[[小篆]]，其後偶有數變，用之不更至民季，共和國立，納昔[[錢玄同]]所倡簡字法，加以矯正，遂成今制，曰[[簡化字]]，今[[中國大陸]]、[[新加坡]]、[[馬來西亞]]行之。[[香港]]、[[澳門]]、[[臺灣]]仍因舊制，書傳統漢字。

近代西學東傳，亦有以[[拉丁字母]]記音者，法式歧異。至共和國立，創[[漢語拼音|拼音]]，授之於小學。初，國人頗思廢漢字，後以同音多，拉丁文字無象形之用，遂止。

== 沿革 ==
三代之時，天下有國千萬，言語不通。[[周]]既王，始有[[雅言]]。諸子著作，皆以雅言。及周道微，天下紛亂，言語異聲，文字異形。尤是楚語至不同也。[[秦始皇帝]]混一車書，獨用秦[[小篆|篆]]，各地方言日合。然至於[[許慎]]之世，[[說文解字]]之所錄，亦有同義而音異之字，多有「某地曰某為某」之訓。蓋天下文字雖一，而言語未統也。此[[上古音]]也。古語於語法異於今音，可見諸[[尚書]]。

魏晉之世，北族南面，雖[[魏孝文帝]]力主洛音，而古音已變，[[詩]]始不得押韻。[[中原]]漢胡雜合，而成唐音，為[[中古音|中古之音]]。於南國，衣冠之南渡，亦有吳音混於正音者。此世[[樂府]]有吳曲、西州曲之分，蓋亦異音之故也。

[[趙宋|宋]]季，[[中原]]復為胡君，語音大變。[[四聲]]缺入，派為三聲。唯江南淪陷不足百年，語音未大變也。[[明]]初都[[應天]]，[[永樂]]間北遷，百官隨同，江左之音復入燕地。以後四百年皆都[[北京]]，遂以為[[國語]]矣。

及[[中華人民共和國]]立，以國語為[[普通話]]，舉世皆以其漢語之正音。實其正音以國語稍改而成，[[中華民國|國民政府]]遷臺，用其國語至今未廢。然分立五十年，習用亦異也。大異者，舉凡[[兒化韻]]之用，[[外來詞]]之源，王畿方言之不同，亦成其異也。

於地方，雖有國語，實方言殊音甚多，惟[[學校]]、[[典禮]]多用正音。

今世，以漢語為官話者，有中國、[[新加坡]]、[[聯合國]]。隨中國國力日蓄，萬國習之者眾，以利來華遊學仕商。

== 方言 ==
蓋漢語歧甚，遠者異域不相通，近者十里音不同。然文惟一，為世所稀見。

以[[語言學]]分，言不通即非一語。且語法各異，故有漢語為一語族之論。漢語諸言，概分如下：

* [[官話]]，聞之中原、巴蜀、江北，滿蒙疆人亦多用之。今中國大陸之[[普通話]]、臺灣之[[中華民國國語|國語]]、南洋之[[華語]]皆宗[[北京官話]][[京師片]]。
* [[吳語]]，聞之吳越之地，昔宗[[蘇州話]]，今宗[[上海話]]。
* [[閩語]]，聞之閩臺之地，瓊文之民亦操之，其中分[[閩北語|閩北]]、[[閩東語|閩東]]、[[閩南語|閩南]]、[[閩中語|閩中]]、[[莆仙話|莆仙]]，五語各不相通。
* [[粵語]]，聞之嶺南，至於海外。[[廣州話]]為宗。
* [[客語]]，聞之南境，為[[客家人]]之言，[[梅州話]]為宗。
* [[湘語]]，聞之楚南。分新老二派。[[長沙話|長沙]]、[[雙峰話]]為宗。
* [[贛語]]，聞之[[江西]]，[[南昌話]]為宗。
* [[徽語]]，聞之皖南，[[徽州話]]為宗。今或以之為吳語之別種。
* [[晉語]]，聞之晉北、陝北、雲中等處，[[太原話]]為宗。

官話復分數種，以下次第：
*[[東北官話]]，聞之東北，宗[[瀋陽話]]。
*[[北京官話]]，聞之北京，東北，新疆之一部，宗[[北京話]]。
*[[江淮官話]]，聞之蘇中蘇北之大部，蘇南之一部及皖中，宗[[揚州話]]，以其地雜吳語，兩者相生，或謂淮語。明代以之為國語。
*[[西南官話]]，聞之川，桂，滇，貴，宗[[成都話]]。
*[[中原官話]]，聞之中原，關中，魯南。各地或有別種。宗[[洛陽話]]、[[西安話]]。
*[[冀魯官話]]，聞之冀，魯。宗[[濟南話]]。
*[[蘭銀官話]]，聞之隴上，寧夏。宗[[蘭州話]]。
*[[膠遼官話]]，聞之齊東，遼南，東北之一部。學界多宗[[煙臺話]]。

以下諸言皆從屬不明：
* [[廣西平話]]，聞之[[廣西]]山村，或以之為[[粵語]]之別種。
* [[韶州土話]]、[[湘南土話]]，聞之五嶺南北，或言二者皆近平話，或從[[湘南土話]]於湘語。
* [[瓦鄉話]]，聞之湘西沅水谷地，壟斷山絕，漢苗雜居，故甚異於官音，或以為湘語之別種。

== 書典 ==
* 《[[康熙字典|康熙大字典]]》
* 《[[廣韻]]》
* 《[[說文解字]]》

== 他典 ==
* [http://lexikon.china2day.de 《在線英漢字典》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713122604/http://lexikon.china2day.de/ |date=2007-07-13 }} &lt;!--
*[http://www.MonkeyKingSoft.com/ MonkeyKingSoft.com] - 使用电脑软件学习汉字：在电脑上动态显示汉字笔顺，或者打印成卡片帮助记忆。 --&gt;
* [http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/ 《康熙大字典》]
* [http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/MANDR/EDU6300001/allbook/bishuen/c8.htm?open 《常用國字標準字體筆順手冊》]
* [http://zgyy.faedia.com 《國文論壇》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210215/http://zgyy.faedia.com/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
* [http://www.zdic.net 《在線漢語字典》]
* [http://www.zhongwen.com/Zhongwen.com 《網上中英字典》]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.newconcept.com/School/text_books.html 海外中文教材]--&gt;
* [http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ 《輕鬆習中文》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.chinawestexchange.com/ China West Exchange]: 本网点是为了让西方人认识中国文化，中国人认识西方语言和文化而作的--&gt;
&lt;!--*[http://malandrin.org 马来西亚官话方言]
*[http://www.mina.ks.edu.tw/ 高雄县闽南语教材教学資料库]
*[http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/ Cantonese Help Sheets]: 粤语教程
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ 粵語審音配詞字庫]
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ Chinese to English Dictionary]: 中英字典
*[http://5189.asinah.net/ 中英字典 English to Chinese Dictionary]
*[http://us.dict.cn/ Dict.CN 中英字典 英中字典 English-Chinese and Chinese-English Dictionary on line]
*[http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a9305416/ Chinese Linguistics]: 汉语语言学网站（英文）
*[http://www.chineselanguage.org/CCDICT/index.html Chinese Characters Dictionary]: 支持日语、韩语、粤语等。
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton2/ Cantonese Talking Syllabary]: 中文网站（繁体）

*[http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/zh.htm 网上上免费的普通话教程]
*[http://www.hanyu.com.cn/ Online College of Chinese Language汉语远程学院教学网]（中国国家汉办、华东师大合办)--&gt;
* [http://www.hello-han.com/index.php 《漢語，你好！》遠程教育網] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409174241/http://www.hello-han.com/index.php |date=2021-04-09 }}
&lt;!--[http://www-ms.cc.ntu.edu.tw/~chinlit/ National Taiwan University Department of Chinese Literature]
*[http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/cin Turkish-Chinese Translators in China] --&gt;
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1270 漢語方言列表]
*[http://yedict.com/ 字海網、葉典網]

{{堪讀之文}}

[[Category:漢語]]
[[Category:基礎之文]]</text>
      <sha1>8osl59do8nlp4gram0j28qey0vhu1vz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418463</id>
      <parentid>418460</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T23:15:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>88570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>418463</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39825" sha1="1xwhqb8qt6dyihxpy7hxjl3oim5dj3l" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chineselanguage.svg|right|frameless|upright]]
'''漢語'''者，[[漢族|漢人]]之言也。蓋[[華夏]]地方廣遠，山河數列，海內習用，方音殊異。以中國人多，以漢語為[[母語]]者亦眾，合以十億計，普世之五一。

== 音韻 ==

漢語一字一音，一音可分為聲、韻、調。[[漢字]]多不表音，故初用「讀若某」。後[[佛教]]東傳，得[[梵文]]而知[[反切]]，乃用以標音。近世，創[[國語注音|注音符號]]及[[漢語拼音]]，以明音韻。

== 語法 ==
漢語為[[孤立語]]、或曰分析語，此謂詞彙無[[格 (語法)|格]]、[[態 (語法)|態]]、[[性 (語法)|性]]、[[數 (語法)|數]]之變。唯示以[[語序]]之先後及虛字之用而達意。

語序為：[[主謂賓]]，[[修飾語|偏次]]先於[[中心語|正次]]。於數數，必附[[量詞]]於數後。各[[方言]][[語法]]略異，故白話文之行可亂文字。乃以國語語法為白話文語法。

古者語法，同乎[[文言]]。

== 文字 ==
{{main|漢字}}
三代以降，[[漢字]]初成。[[秦]]以書同文，必用[[小篆]]，其後偶有數變，用之不更至民季，共和國立，納昔[[錢玄同]]所倡簡字法，加以矯正，遂成今制，曰[[簡化字]]，今[[中國大陸]]、[[新加坡]]、[[馬來西亞]]行之。[[香港]]、[[澳門]]、[[臺灣]]仍因舊制，書傳統漢字。

近代西學東傳，亦有以[[拉丁字母]]記音者，法式歧異。至共和國立，創[[漢語拼音|拼音]]，授之於小學。初，國人頗思廢漢字，後以同音多，拉丁文字無象形之用，遂止。

== 沿革 ==
三代之時，天下有國千萬，言語不通。[[周]]既王，始有[[雅言]]。諸子著作，皆以雅言。及周道微，天下紛亂，言語異聲，文字異形。尤是楚語至不同也。[[秦始皇帝]]混一車書，獨用秦[[小篆|篆]]，各地方言日合。然至於[[許慎]]之世，[[說文解字]]之所錄，亦有同義而音異之字，多有「某地曰某為某」之訓。蓋天下文字雖一，而言語未統也。此[[上古音]]也。古語於語法異於今音，可見諸[[尚書]]。

魏晉之世，北族南面，雖[[魏孝文帝]]力主洛音，而古音已變，[[詩]]始不得押韻。[[中原]]漢胡雜合，而成唐音，為[[中古音|中古之音]]。於南國，衣冠之南渡，亦有吳音混於正音者。此世[[樂府]]有吳曲、西州曲之分，蓋亦異音之故也。

[[趙宋|宋]]季，[[中原]]復為胡君，語音大變。[[四聲]]缺入，派為三聲。唯江南淪陷不足百年，語音未大變也。[[明]]初都[[應天]]，[[永樂]]間北遷，百官隨同，江左之音復入燕地。以後四百年皆都[[北京]]，遂以為[[國語]]矣。

及[[中華人民共和國]]立，以國語為[[普通話]]，舉世皆以其漢語之正音。實其正音以國語稍改而成，[[中華民國|國民政府]]遷臺，用其國語至今未廢。然分立五十年，習用亦異也。大異者，舉凡[[兒化韻]]之用，[[外來詞]]之源，王畿方言之不同，亦成其異也。

於地方，雖有國語，實方言殊音甚多，惟[[學校]]、[[典禮]]多用正音。

今世，以漢語為官話者，有中國、[[新加坡]]、[[聯合國]]。隨中國國力日蓄，萬國習之者眾，以利來華遊學仕商。

== 方言 ==
蓋漢語歧甚，遠者異域不相通，近者十里音不同。然文惟一，為世所稀見。

以[[語言學]]分，言不通即非一語。且語法各異，故有漢語為一語族之論。漢語諸言，概分如下：

* [[官話]]，聞之中原、巴蜀、江北，滿蒙疆人亦多用之。今中國大陸之[[普通話]]、臺灣之[[中華民國國語|國語]]、南洋之[[華語]]皆宗[[北京官話]][[京師片]]。
* [[吳語]]，聞之吳越之地，昔宗[[蘇州話]]，今宗[[上海話]]。
* [[閩語]]，聞之閩臺之地，瓊文之民亦操之，其中分[[閩北語|閩北]]、[[閩東語|閩東]]、[[閩南語|閩南]]、[[閩中語|閩中]]、[[莆仙話|莆仙]]，五語各不相通。
* [[粵語]]，聞之嶺南，至於海外。[[廣州話]]為宗。
* [[客語]]，聞之南境，為[[客家人]]之言，[[梅州話]]為宗。
* [[湘語]]，聞之楚南。分新老二派。[[長沙話|長沙]]、[[雙峰話]]為宗。
* [[贛語]]，聞之[[江西]]，[[南昌話]]為宗。
* [[徽語]]，聞之皖南，[[徽州話]]為宗。今或以之為吳語之別種。
* [[晉語]]，聞之晉北、陝北、雲中等處，[[太原話]]為宗。

官話復分數種，以下次第：
*[[東北官話]]，聞之東北，宗[[瀋陽話]]。
*[[北京官話]]，聞之北京，東北，新疆之一部，宗[[北京話]]。
*[[江淮官話]]，聞之蘇中蘇北之大部，蘇南之一部及皖中，宗[[揚州話]]，以其地雜吳語，兩者相生，或謂淮語。明代以之為國語。
*[[西南官話]]，聞之川，桂，滇，貴，宗[[成都話]]。
*[[中原官話]]，聞之中原，關中，魯南。各地或有別種。宗[[洛陽話]]、[[西安話]]。
*[[冀魯官話]]，聞之冀，魯。宗[[濟南話]]。
*[[蘭銀官話]]，聞之隴上，寧夏。宗[[蘭州話]]。
*[[膠遼官話]]，聞之齊東，遼南，東北之一部。學界多宗[[煙臺話]]。

以下諸言皆從屬不明：
* [[廣西平話]]，聞之[[廣西]]山村，或以之為[[粵語]]之別種。
* [[韶州土話]]、[[湘南土話]]，聞之五嶺南北，或言二者皆近平話，或從[[湘南土話]]於湘語。
* [[瓦鄉話]]，聞之湘西沅水谷地，壟斷山絕，漢苗雜居，故甚異於官音，或以為湘語之別種。

== 書典 ==
* 《[[康熙字典|康熙大字典]]》
* 《[[廣韻]]》
* 《[[說文解字]]》

== 他典 ==
* [http://lexikon.china2day.de 《在線英漢字典》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713122604/http://lexikon.china2day.de/ |date=2007-07-13 }} &lt;!--
*[http://www.MonkeyKingSoft.com/ MonkeyKingSoft.com] - 使用电脑软件学习汉字：在电脑上动态显示汉字笔顺，或者打印成卡片帮助记忆。 --&gt;
* [http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/ 《康熙大字典》]
* [http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/MANDR/EDU6300001/allbook/bishuen/c8.htm?open 《常用國字標準字體筆順手冊》]
* [http://zgyy.faedia.com 《國文論壇》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210215/http://zgyy.faedia.com/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
* [http://www.zdic.net 《在線漢語字典》]
* [http://www.zhongwen.com/Zhongwen.com 《網上中英字典》]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.newconcept.com/School/text_books.html 海外中文教材]--&gt;
* [http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ 《輕鬆習中文》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.chinawestexchange.com/ China West Exchange]: 本网点是为了让西方人认识中国文化，中国人认识西方语言和文化而作的--&gt;
&lt;!--*[http://malandrin.org 马来西亚官话方言]
*[http://www.mina.ks.edu.tw/ 高雄县闽南语教材教学資料库]
*[http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/ Cantonese Help Sheets]: 粤语教程
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ 粵語審音配詞字庫]
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ Chinese to English Dictionary]: 中英字典
*[http://5189.asinah.net/ 中英字典 English to Chinese Dictionary]
*[http://us.dict.cn/ Dict.CN 中英字典 英中字典 English-Chinese and Chinese-English Dictionary on line]
*[http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a9305416/ Chinese Linguistics]: 汉语语言学网站（英文）
*[http://www.chineselanguage.org/CCDICT/index.html Chinese Characters Dictionary]: 支持日语、韩语、粤语等。
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton2/ Cantonese Talking Syllabary]: 中文网站（繁体）

*[http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/zh.htm 网上上免费的普通话教程]
*[http://www.hanyu.com.cn/ Online College of Chinese Language汉语远程学院教学网]（中国国家汉办、华东师大合办)--&gt;
* [http://www.hello-han.com/index.php 《漢語，你好！》遠程教育網] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409174241/http://www.hello-han.com/index.php |date=2021-04-09 }}
&lt;!--[http://www-ms.cc.ntu.edu.tw/~chinlit/ National Taiwan University Department of Chinese Literature]
*[http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/cin Turkish-Chinese Translators in China] --&gt;
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1270 漢語方言列表]
*[http://yedict.com/ 字海網、葉典網]

{{堪讀之文}}

[[Category:漢語]]
[[Category:基礎之文]]</text>
      <sha1>1xwhqb8qt6dyihxpy7hxjl3oim5dj3l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418467</id>
      <parentid>418463</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T02:25:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>88570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>418467</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39897" sha1="1asotjmejebmcz21cps3pkg8btoas45" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chineselanguage.svg|right|frameless|upright]]
'''漢語'''者，[[漢族|漢人]]之言也。蓋[[華夏]]地方廣遠，山河數列，海內習用，方音殊異。以中國人多，以漢語為[[母語]]者亦眾，合以十億計，普世之五一。

== 音韻 ==

漢語一字一音，一音可分為聲、韻、調。[[漢字]]多不表音，故初用「讀若某」。後[[佛教]]東傳，得[[梵文]]而知[[反切]]，乃用以標音。近世，創[[國語注音|注音符號]]及[[漢語拼音]]，以明音韻。

== 語法 ==
漢語為[[孤立語]]、或曰分析語，此謂詞彙無[[格 (語法)|格]]、[[態 (語法)|態]]、[[性 (語法)|性]]、[[數 (語法)|數]]之變。唯示以[[語序]]之先後及虛字之用而達意。

語序為：[[主謂賓]]，[[修飾語|偏次]]先於[[中心語|正次]]。於數數，必附[[量詞]]於數後。各[[方言]][[語法]]略異，故白話文之行可亂文字。乃以國語語法為白話文語法。

古者語法，同乎[[文言]]。

== 文字 ==
{{main|漢字}}
三代以降，[[漢字]]初成。[[秦]]以書同文，必用[[小篆]]，其後偶有數變，用之不更至民季，共和國立，納昔[[錢玄同]]所倡簡字法，加以矯正，遂成今制，曰[[簡化字]]，今[[中國大陸]]、[[新加坡]]、[[馬來西亞]]行之。[[香港]]、[[澳門]]、[[臺灣]]仍因舊制，書傳統漢字。

近代西學東傳，亦有以[[拉丁字母]]記音者，法式歧異。至共和國立，創[[漢語拼音|拼音]]，授之於小學。初，國人頗思廢漢字，後以同音多，拉丁文字無象形之用，遂止。

== 沿革 ==
三代之時，天下有國千萬，言語不通。[[周]]既王，始有[[雅言]]。諸子著作，皆以雅言。及周道微，天下紛亂，言語異聲，文字異形。尤是楚語至不同也。[[秦始皇帝]]混一車書，獨用秦[[小篆|篆]]，各地方言日合。然至於[[許慎]]之世，[[說文解字]]之所錄，亦有同義而音異之字，多有「某地曰某為某」之訓。蓋天下文字雖一，而言語未統也。此[[上古音]]也。古語於語法異於今音，可見諸[[尚書]]。

魏晉之世，北族南面，雖[[魏孝文帝]]力主洛音，而古音已變，[[詩]]始不得押韻。[[中原]]漢胡雜合，而成唐音，為[[中古音|中古之音]]。於南國，衣冠之南渡，亦有吳音混於正音者。此世[[樂府]]有吳曲、西州曲之分，蓋亦異音之故也。

[[趙宋|宋]]季，[[中原]]復為胡君，語音大變。[[四聲]]缺入，派為三聲。唯江南淪陷不足百年，語音未大變也。[[明]]初都[[應天]]，[[永樂]]間北遷，百官隨同，江左之音復入燕地。以後四百年皆都[[北京]]，遂以為[[國語]]矣。

及[[中華人民共和國]]立，以國語為[[普通話]]，舉世皆以其漢語之正音。實其正音以國語稍改而成，[[中華民國|國民政府]]遷臺，用其國語至今未廢。然分立五十年，習用亦異也。大異者，舉凡[[兒化韻]]之用，[[外來詞]]之源，王畿方言之不同，亦成其異也。

於地方，雖有國語，實方言殊音甚多，惟[[學校]]、[[典禮]]多用正音。

今世，以漢語為官話者，有中國、[[新加坡]]、[[聯合國]]。隨中國國力日蓄，萬國習之者眾，以利來華遊學仕商。

== 方言 ==
蓋漢語歧甚，遠者異域不相通，近者十里音不同。然文惟一，為世所稀見。

以[[語言學]]分，言不通即非一語。且語法各異，故有漢語為一語族之論。漢語諸言，概分如下：

* [[官話]]，聞之中原、巴蜀、江北，滿蒙疆人亦多用之。今中國大陸之[[普通話]]、臺灣之[[中華民國國語|國語]]、南洋之[[華語]]皆宗[[北京官話]][[京師片]]。
* [[吳語]]，聞之吳越之地，昔宗[[蘇州話]]，今宗[[上海話]]。
* [[閩語]]，聞之閩臺之地，瓊文之民亦操之，其中分[[閩北語|閩北]]、[[閩東語|閩東]]、[[閩南語|閩南]]、[[閩中語|閩中]]、[[莆仙話|莆仙]]，五語各不相通。
* [[粵語]]，聞之嶺南，至於海外。[[廣州話]]為宗。
* [[客語]]，聞之南境，為[[客家人]]之言，[[梅州話]]為宗。
* [[湘語]]，聞之楚南。分新老二派。[[長沙話|長沙]]、[[雙峰話]]為宗。
* [[贛語]]，聞之[[江西]]，[[南昌話]]為宗。
* [[徽語]]，聞之皖南，[[徽州話]]為宗。今或以之為吳語之別種。
* [[晉語]]，聞之晉北、陝北、雲中等處，[[太原話]]為宗。

官話復分數種，以下次第：
*[[東北官話]]，聞之東北，宗[[瀋陽話]]。
*[[北京官話]]，聞之北京，東北，新疆之一部，宗[[北京話]]。
*[[江淮官話]]，聞之蘇中蘇北之大部，蘇南之一部及皖中，宗[[揚州話]]，以其地雜吳語，兩者相生，或謂淮語。明代以之為國語。
*[[西南官話]]，聞之川，桂，滇，貴，宗[[成都話]]。
*[[中原官話]]，聞之中原，關中，魯南。各地或有別種。宗[[洛陽話]]、[[西安話]]。
*[[冀魯官話]]，聞之冀，魯。宗[[濟南話]]。
*[[蘭銀官話]]，聞之隴上，寧夏。宗[[蘭州話]]。
*[[膠遼官話]]，聞之齊東，遼南，東北之一部。學界多宗[[煙臺話]]。

以下諸言皆從屬不明：
* [[廣西平話]]，聞之[[廣西]]山村，或以之為[[粵語]]之別種。
* [[韶州土話]]、[[湘南土話]]，聞之五嶺南北，或言二者皆近平話，或從[[湘南土話]]於湘語。
* [[瓦鄉話]]，聞之湘西沅水谷地，壟斷山絕，漢苗雜居，故甚異於官音，或以為湘語之別種。

== 書典 ==
* 《[[康熙字典|康熙大字典]]》
* 《[[廣韻]]》
* 《[[說文解字]]》

== 他典 ==
* [http://lexikon.china2day.de 《在線英漢字典》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713122604/http://lexikon.china2day.de/ |date=2007-07-13 }} &lt;!--
*[http://www.MonkeyKingSoft.com/ MonkeyKingSoft.com] - 使用电脑软件学习汉字：在电脑上动态显示汉字笔顺，或者打印成卡片帮助记忆。 --&gt;
* [http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/ 《康熙大字典》]
* [http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/MANDR/EDU6300001/allbook/bishuen/c8.htm?open 《常用國字標準字體筆順手冊》]
* [http://zgyy.faedia.com 《國文論壇》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210215/http://zgyy.faedia.com/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
* [http://www.zdic.net 《在線漢語字典》]
* [http://www.zhongwen.com/Zhongwen.com 《網上中英字典》]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.newconcept.com/School/text_books.html 海外中文教材]--&gt;
* [http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ 《輕鬆習中文》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.chinawestexchange.com/ China West Exchange]: 本网点是为了让西方人认识中国文化，中国人认识西方语言和文化而作的--&gt;
&lt;!--*[http://malandrin.org 马来西亚官话方言]
*[http://www.mina.ks.edu.tw/ 高雄县闽南语教材教学資料库]
*[http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/ Cantonese Help Sheets]: 粤语教程
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ 粵語審音配詞字庫]
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ Chinese to English Dictionary]: 中英字典
*[http://5189.asinah.net/ 中英字典 English to Chinese Dictionary]
*[http://us.dict.cn/ Dict.CN 中英字典 英中字典 English-Chinese and Chinese-English Dictionary on line]
*[http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a9305416/ Chinese Linguistics]: 汉语语言学网站（英文）
*[http://www.chineselanguage.org/CCDICT/index.html Chinese Characters Dictionary]: 支持日语、韩语、粤语等。
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton2/ Cantonese Talking Syllabary]: 中文网站（繁体）

*[http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/zh.htm 网上上免费的普通话教程]
*[http://www.hanyu.com.cn/ Online College of Chinese Language汉语远程学院教学网]（中国国家汉办、华东师大合办)--&gt;
* [http://www.hello-han.com/index.php 《漢語，你好！》遠程教育網] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409174241/http://www.hello-han.com/index.php |date=2021-04-09 }}
&lt;!--[http://www-ms.cc.ntu.edu.tw/~chinlit/ National Taiwan University Department of Chinese Literature]
*[http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/cin Turkish-Chinese Translators in China] --&gt;
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1270 漢語方言列表]
*[http://yedict.com/ 字海網、葉典網]

{{堪讀之文}}

[[Category:漢語]]
[[Category:基礎之文]]</text>
      <sha1>1asotjmejebmcz21cps3pkg8btoas45</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418470</id>
      <parentid>418467</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T05:06:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>88570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>418470</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39969" sha1="q75z2cgm3dgxh5sn8oecpdhwp1c3abq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chineselanguage.svg|right|frameless|upright]]
'''漢語'''者，[[漢族|漢人]]之言也。蓋[[華夏]]地方廣遠，山河數列，海內習用，方音殊異。以中國人多，以漢語為[[母語]]者亦眾，合以十億計，普世之五一。

== 音韻 ==

漢語一字一音，一音可分為聲、韻、調。[[漢字]]多不表音，故初用「讀若某」。後[[佛教]]東傳，得[[梵文]]而知[[反切]]，乃用以標音。近世，創[[國語注音|注音符號]]及[[漢語拼音]]，以明音韻。

== 語法 ==
漢語為[[孤立語]]、或曰分析語，此謂詞彙無[[格 (語法)|格]]、[[態 (語法)|態]]、[[性 (語法)|性]]、[[數 (語法)|數]]之變。唯示以[[語序]]之先後及虛字之用而達意。

語序為：[[主謂賓]]，[[修飾語|偏次]]先於[[中心語|正次]]。於數數，必附[[量詞]]於數後。各[[方言]][[語法]]略異，故白話文之行可亂文字。乃以國語語法為白話文語法。

古者語法，同乎[[文言]]。

== 文字 ==
{{main|漢字}}
三代以降，[[漢字]]初成。[[秦]]以書同文，必用[[小篆]]，其後偶有數變，用之不更至民季，共和國立，納昔[[錢玄同]]所倡簡字法，加以矯正，遂成今制，曰[[簡化字]]，今[[中國大陸]]、[[新加坡]]、[[馬來西亞]]行之。[[香港]]、[[澳門]]、[[臺灣]]仍因舊制，書傳統漢字。

近代西學東傳，亦有以[[拉丁字母]]記音者，法式歧異。至共和國立，創[[漢語拼音|拼音]]，授之於小學。初，國人頗思廢漢字，後以同音多，拉丁文字無象形之用，遂止。

== 沿革 ==
三代之時，天下有國千萬，言語不通。[[周]]既王，始有[[雅言]]。諸子著作，皆以雅言。及周道微，天下紛亂，言語異聲，文字異形。尤是楚語至不同也。[[秦始皇帝]]混一車書，獨用秦[[小篆|篆]]，各地方言日合。然至於[[許慎]]之世，[[說文解字]]之所錄，亦有同義而音異之字，多有「某地曰某為某」之訓。蓋天下文字雖一，而言語未統也。此[[上古音]]也。古語於語法異於今音，可見諸[[尚書]]。

魏晉之世，北族南面，雖[[魏孝文帝]]力主洛音，而古音已變，[[詩]]始不得押韻。[[中原]]漢胡雜合，而成唐音，為[[中古音|中古之音]]。於南國，衣冠之南渡，亦有吳音混於正音者。此世[[樂府]]有吳曲、西州曲之分，蓋亦異音之故也。

[[趙宋|宋]]季，[[中原]]復為胡君，語音大變。[[四聲]]缺入，派為三聲。唯江南淪陷不足百年，語音未大變也。[[明]]初都[[應天]]，[[永樂]]間北遷，百官隨同，江左之音復入燕地。以後四百年皆都[[北京]]，遂以為[[國語]]矣。

及[[中華人民共和國]]立，以國語為[[普通話]]，舉世皆以其漢語之正音。實其正音以國語稍改而成，[[中華民國|國民政府]]遷臺，用其國語至今未廢。然分立五十年，習用亦異也。大異者，舉凡[[兒化韻]]之用，[[外來詞]]之源，王畿方言之不同，亦成其異也。

於地方，雖有國語，實方言殊音甚多，惟[[學校]]、[[典禮]]多用正音。

今世，以漢語為官話者，有中國、[[新加坡]]、[[聯合國]]。隨中國國力日蓄，萬國習之者眾，以利來華遊學仕商。

== 方言 ==
蓋漢語歧甚，遠者異域不相通，近者十里音不同。然文惟一，為世所稀見。

以[[語言學]]分，言不通即非一語。且語法各異，故有漢語為一語族之論。漢語諸言，概分如下：

* [[官話]]，聞之中原、巴蜀、江北，滿蒙疆人亦多用之。今中國大陸之[[普通話]]、臺灣之[[中華民國國語|國語]]、南洋之[[華語]]皆宗[[北京官話]][[京師片]]。
* [[吳語]]，聞之吳越之地，昔宗[[蘇州話]]，今宗[[上海話]]。
* [[閩語]]，聞之閩臺之地，瓊文之民亦操之，其中分[[閩北語|閩北]]、[[閩東語|閩東]]、[[閩南語|閩南]]、[[閩中語|閩中]]、[[莆仙話|莆仙]]，五語各不相通。
* [[粵語]]，聞之嶺南，至於海外。[[廣州話]]為宗。
* [[客語]]，聞之南境，為[[客家人]]之言，[[梅州話]]為宗。
* [[湘語]]，聞之楚南。分新老二派。[[長沙話|長沙]]、[[雙峰話]]為宗。
* [[贛語]]，聞之[[江西]]，[[南昌話]]為宗。
* [[徽語]]，聞之皖南，[[徽州話]]為宗。今或以之為吳語之別種。
* [[晉語]]，聞之晉北、陝北、雲中等處，[[太原話]]為宗。

官話復分數種，以下次第：
*[[東北官話]]，聞之東北，宗[[瀋陽話]]。
*[[北京官話]]，聞之北京，東北，新疆之一部，宗[[北京話]]。
*[[江淮官話]]，聞之蘇中蘇北之大部，蘇南之一部及皖中，宗[[揚州話]]，以其地雜吳語，兩者相生，或謂淮語。明代以之為國語。
*[[西南官話]]，聞之川，桂，滇，貴，宗[[成都話]]。
*[[中原官話]]，聞之中原，關中，魯南。各地或有別種。宗[[洛陽話]]、[[西安話]]。
*[[冀魯官話]]，聞之冀，魯。宗[[濟南話]]。
*[[蘭銀官話]]，聞之隴上，寧夏。宗[[蘭州話]]。
*[[膠遼官話]]，聞之齊東，遼南，東北之一部。學界多宗[[煙臺話]]。

以下諸言皆從屬不明：
* [[廣西平話]]，聞之[[廣西]]山村，或以之為[[粵語]]之別種。
* [[韶州土話]]、[[湘南土話]]，聞之五嶺南北，或言二者皆近平話，或從[[湘南土話]]於湘語。
* [[瓦鄉話]]，聞之湘西沅水谷地，壟斷山絕，漢苗雜居，故甚異於官音，或以為湘語之別種。

== 書典 ==
* 《[[康熙字典|康熙大字典]]》
* 《[[廣韻]]》
* 《[[說文解字]]》

== 他典 ==
* [http://lexikon.china2day.de 《在線英漢字典》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713122604/http://lexikon.china2day.de/ |date=2007-07-13 }} &lt;!--
*[http://www.MonkeyKingSoft.com/ MonkeyKingSoft.com] - 使用电脑软件学习汉字：在电脑上动态显示汉字笔顺，或者打印成卡片帮助记忆。 --&gt;
* [http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/ 《康熙大字典》]
* [http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/MANDR/EDU6300001/allbook/bishuen/c8.htm?open 《常用國字標準字體筆順手冊》]
* [http://zgyy.faedia.com 《國文論壇》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210215/http://zgyy.faedia.com/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
* [http://www.zdic.net 《在線漢語字典》]
* [http://www.zhongwen.com/Zhongwen.com 《網上中英字典》]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.newconcept.com/School/text_books.html 海外中文教材]--&gt;
* [http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ 《輕鬆習中文》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.chinawestexchange.com/ China West Exchange]: 本网点是为了让西方人认识中国文化，中国人认识西方语言和文化而作的--&gt;
&lt;!--*[http://malandrin.org 马来西亚官话方言]
*[http://www.mina.ks.edu.tw/ 高雄县闽南语教材教学資料库]
*[http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/ Cantonese Help Sheets]: 粤语教程
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ 粵語審音配詞字庫]
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ Chinese to English Dictionary]: 中英字典
*[http://5189.asinah.net/ 中英字典 English to Chinese Dictionary]
*[http://us.dict.cn/ Dict.CN 中英字典 英中字典 English-Chinese and Chinese-English Dictionary on line]
*[http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a9305416/ Chinese Linguistics]: 汉语语言学网站（英文）
*[http://www.chineselanguage.org/CCDICT/index.html Chinese Characters Dictionary]: 支持日语、韩语、粤语等。
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton2/ Cantonese Talking Syllabary]: 中文网站（繁体）

*[http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/zh.htm 网上上免费的普通话教程]
*[http://www.hanyu.com.cn/ Online College of Chinese Language汉语远程学院教学网]（中国国家汉办、华东师大合办)--&gt;
* [http://www.hello-han.com/index.php 《漢語，你好！》遠程教育網] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409174241/http://www.hello-han.com/index.php |date=2021-04-09 }}
&lt;!--[http://www-ms.cc.ntu.edu.tw/~chinlit/ National Taiwan University Department of Chinese Literature]
*[http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/cin Turkish-Chinese Translators in China] --&gt;
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1270 漢語方言列表]
*[http://yedict.com/ 字海網、葉典網]

{{堪讀之文}}

[[Category:漢語]]
[[Category:基礎之文]]</text>
      <sha1>q75z2cgm3dgxh5sn8oecpdhwp1c3abq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418475</id>
      <parentid>418470</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T08:01:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>88570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>418475</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40041" sha1="qcqa8bl6rn3z9usairy0q25vx3rgp6w" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chineselanguage.svg|right|frameless|upright]]
'''漢語'''者，[[漢族|漢人]]之言也。蓋[[華夏]]地方廣遠，山河數列，海內習用，方音殊異。以中國人多，以漢語為[[母語]]者亦眾，合以十億計，普世之五一。

== 音韻 ==

漢語一字一音，一音可分為聲、韻、調。[[漢字]]多不表音，故初用「讀若某」。後[[佛教]]東傳，得[[梵文]]而知[[反切]]，乃用以標音。近世，創[[國語注音|注音符號]]及[[漢語拼音]]，以明音韻。

== 語法 ==
漢語為[[孤立語]]、或曰分析語，此謂詞彙無[[格 (語法)|格]]、[[態 (語法)|態]]、[[性 (語法)|性]]、[[數 (語法)|數]]之變。唯示以[[語序]]之先後及虛字之用而達意。

語序為：[[主謂賓]]，[[修飾語|偏次]]先於[[中心語|正次]]。於數數，必附[[量詞]]於數後。各[[方言]][[語法]]略異，故白話文之行可亂文字。乃以國語語法為白話文語法。

古者語法，同乎[[文言]]。

== 文字 ==
{{main|漢字}}
三代以降，[[漢字]]初成。[[秦]]以書同文，必用[[小篆]]，其後偶有數變，用之不更至民季，共和國立，納昔[[錢玄同]]所倡簡字法，加以矯正，遂成今制，曰[[簡化字]]，今[[中國大陸]]、[[新加坡]]、[[馬來西亞]]行之。[[香港]]、[[澳門]]、[[臺灣]]仍因舊制，書傳統漢字。

近代西學東傳，亦有以[[拉丁字母]]記音者，法式歧異。至共和國立，創[[漢語拼音|拼音]]，授之於小學。初，國人頗思廢漢字，後以同音多，拉丁文字無象形之用，遂止。

== 沿革 ==
三代之時，天下有國千萬，言語不通。[[周]]既王，始有[[雅言]]。諸子著作，皆以雅言。及周道微，天下紛亂，言語異聲，文字異形。尤是楚語至不同也。[[秦始皇帝]]混一車書，獨用秦[[小篆|篆]]，各地方言日合。然至於[[許慎]]之世，[[說文解字]]之所錄，亦有同義而音異之字，多有「某地曰某為某」之訓。蓋天下文字雖一，而言語未統也。此[[上古音]]也。古語於語法異於今音，可見諸[[尚書]]。

魏晉之世，北族南面，雖[[魏孝文帝]]力主洛音，而古音已變，[[詩]]始不得押韻。[[中原]]漢胡雜合，而成唐音，為[[中古音|中古之音]]。於南國，衣冠之南渡，亦有吳音混於正音者。此世[[樂府]]有吳曲、西州曲之分，蓋亦異音之故也。

[[趙宋|宋]]季，[[中原]]復為胡君，語音大變。[[四聲]]缺入，派為三聲。唯江南淪陷不足百年，語音未大變也。[[明]]初都[[應天]]，[[永樂]]間北遷，百官隨同，江左之音復入燕地。以後四百年皆都[[北京]]，遂以為[[國語]]矣。

及[[中華人民共和國]]立，以國語為[[普通話]]，舉世皆以其漢語之正音。實其正音以國語稍改而成，[[中華民國|國民政府]]遷臺，用其國語至今未廢。然分立五十年，習用亦異也。大異者，舉凡[[兒化韻]]之用，[[外來詞]]之源，王畿方言之不同，亦成其異也。

於地方，雖有國語，實方言殊音甚多，惟[[學校]]、[[典禮]]多用正音。

今世，以漢語為官話者，有中國、[[新加坡]]、[[聯合國]]。隨中國國力日蓄，萬國習之者眾，以利來華遊學仕商。

== 方言 ==
蓋漢語歧甚，遠者異域不相通，近者十里音不同。然文惟一，為世所稀見。

以[[語言學]]分，言不通即非一語。且語法各異，故有漢語為一語族之論。漢語諸言，概分如下：

* [[官話]]，聞之中原、巴蜀、江北，滿蒙疆人亦多用之。今中國大陸之[[普通話]]、臺灣之[[中華民國國語|國語]]、南洋之[[華語]]皆宗[[北京官話]][[京師片]]。
* [[吳語]]，聞之吳越之地，昔宗[[蘇州話]]，今宗[[上海話]]。
* [[閩語]]，聞之閩臺之地，瓊文之民亦操之，其中分[[閩北語|閩北]]、[[閩東語|閩東]]、[[閩南語|閩南]]、[[閩中語|閩中]]、[[莆仙話|莆仙]]，五語各不相通。
* [[粵語]]，聞之嶺南，至於海外。[[廣州話]]為宗。
* [[客語]]，聞之南境，為[[客家人]]之言，[[梅州話]]為宗。
* [[湘語]]，聞之楚南。分新老二派。[[長沙話|長沙]]、[[雙峰話]]為宗。
* [[贛語]]，聞之[[江西]]，[[南昌話]]為宗。
* [[徽語]]，聞之皖南，[[徽州話]]為宗。今或以之為吳語之別種。
* [[晉語]]，聞之晉北、陝北、雲中等處，[[太原話]]為宗。

官話復分數種，以下次第：
*[[東北官話]]，聞之東北，宗[[瀋陽話]]。
*[[北京官話]]，聞之北京，東北，新疆之一部，宗[[北京話]]。
*[[江淮官話]]，聞之蘇中蘇北之大部，蘇南之一部及皖中，宗[[揚州話]]，以其地雜吳語，兩者相生，或謂淮語。明代以之為國語。
*[[西南官話]]，聞之川，桂，滇，貴，宗[[成都話]]。
*[[中原官話]]，聞之中原，關中，魯南。各地或有別種。宗[[洛陽話]]、[[西安話]]。
*[[冀魯官話]]，聞之冀，魯。宗[[濟南話]]。
*[[蘭銀官話]]，聞之隴上，寧夏。宗[[蘭州話]]。
*[[膠遼官話]]，聞之齊東，遼南，東北之一部。學界多宗[[煙臺話]]。

以下諸言皆從屬不明：
* [[廣西平話]]，聞之[[廣西]]山村，或以之為[[粵語]]之別種。
* [[韶州土話]]、[[湘南土話]]，聞之五嶺南北，或言二者皆近平話，或從[[湘南土話]]於湘語。
* [[瓦鄉話]]，聞之湘西沅水谷地，壟斷山絕，漢苗雜居，故甚異於官音，或以為湘語之別種。

== 書典 ==
* 《[[康熙字典|康熙大字典]]》
* 《[[廣韻]]》
* 《[[說文解字]]》

== 他典 ==
* [http://lexikon.china2day.de 《在線英漢字典》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713122604/http://lexikon.china2day.de/ |date=2007-07-13 }} &lt;!--
*[http://www.MonkeyKingSoft.com/ MonkeyKingSoft.com] - 使用电脑软件学习汉字：在电脑上动态显示汉字笔顺，或者打印成卡片帮助记忆。 --&gt;
* [http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/ 《康熙大字典》]
* [http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/MANDR/EDU6300001/allbook/bishuen/c8.htm?open 《常用國字標準字體筆順手冊》]
* [http://zgyy.faedia.com 《國文論壇》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210215/http://zgyy.faedia.com/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
* [http://www.zdic.net 《在線漢語字典》]
* [http://www.zhongwen.com/Zhongwen.com 《網上中英字典》]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.newconcept.com/School/text_books.html 海外中文教材]--&gt;
* [http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ 《輕鬆習中文》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.chinawestexchange.com/ China West Exchange]: 本网点是为了让西方人认识中国文化，中国人认识西方语言和文化而作的--&gt;
&lt;!--*[http://malandrin.org 马来西亚官话方言]
*[http://www.mina.ks.edu.tw/ 高雄县闽南语教材教学資料库]
*[http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/ Cantonese Help Sheets]: 粤语教程
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ 粵語審音配詞字庫]
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ Chinese to English Dictionary]: 中英字典
*[http://5189.asinah.net/ 中英字典 English to Chinese Dictionary]
*[http://us.dict.cn/ Dict.CN 中英字典 英中字典 English-Chinese and Chinese-English Dictionary on line]
*[http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a9305416/ Chinese Linguistics]: 汉语语言学网站（英文）
*[http://www.chineselanguage.org/CCDICT/index.html Chinese Characters Dictionary]: 支持日语、韩语、粤语等。
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton2/ Cantonese Talking Syllabary]: 中文网站（繁体）

*[http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/zh.htm 网上上免费的普通话教程]
*[http://www.hanyu.com.cn/ Online College of Chinese Language汉语远程学院教学网]（中国国家汉办、华东师大合办)--&gt;
* [http://www.hello-han.com/index.php 《漢語，你好！》遠程教育網] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409174241/http://www.hello-han.com/index.php |date=2021-04-09 }}
&lt;!--[http://www-ms.cc.ntu.edu.tw/~chinlit/ National Taiwan University Department of Chinese Literature]
*[http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/cin Turkish-Chinese Translators in China] --&gt;
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1270 漢語方言列表]
*[http://yedict.com/ 字海網、葉典網]

{{堪讀之文}}

[[Category:漢語]]
[[Category:基礎之文]]</text>
      <sha1>qcqa8bl6rn3z9usairy0q25vx3rgp6w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418483</id>
      <parentid>418475</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T10:40:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>88570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>418483</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40113" sha1="pdsb31j5og45zj5tpsa4lf6o7eyopve" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chineselanguage.svg|right|frameless|upright]]
'''漢語'''者，[[漢族|漢人]]之言也。蓋[[華夏]]地方廣遠，山河數列，海內習用，方音殊異。以中國人多，以漢語為[[母語]]者亦眾，合以十億計，普世之五一。

== 音韻 ==

漢語一字一音，一音可分為聲、韻、調。[[漢字]]多不表音，故初用「讀若某」。後[[佛教]]東傳，得[[梵文]]而知[[反切]]，乃用以標音。近世，創[[國語注音|注音符號]]及[[漢語拼音]]，以明音韻。

== 語法 ==
漢語為[[孤立語]]、或曰分析語，此謂詞彙無[[格 (語法)|格]]、[[態 (語法)|態]]、[[性 (語法)|性]]、[[數 (語法)|數]]之變。唯示以[[語序]]之先後及虛字之用而達意。

語序為：[[主謂賓]]，[[修飾語|偏次]]先於[[中心語|正次]]。於數數，必附[[量詞]]於數後。各[[方言]][[語法]]略異，故白話文之行可亂文字。乃以國語語法為白話文語法。

古者語法，同乎[[文言]]。

== 文字 ==
{{main|漢字}}
三代以降，[[漢字]]初成。[[秦]]以書同文，必用[[小篆]]，其後偶有數變，用之不更至民季，共和國立，納昔[[錢玄同]]所倡簡字法，加以矯正，遂成今制，曰[[簡化字]]，今[[中國大陸]]、[[新加坡]]、[[馬來西亞]]行之。[[香港]]、[[澳門]]、[[臺灣]]仍因舊制，書傳統漢字。

近代西學東傳，亦有以[[拉丁字母]]記音者，法式歧異。至共和國立，創[[漢語拼音|拼音]]，授之於小學。初，國人頗思廢漢字，後以同音多，拉丁文字無象形之用，遂止。

== 沿革 ==
三代之時，天下有國千萬，言語不通。[[周]]既王，始有[[雅言]]。諸子著作，皆以雅言。及周道微，天下紛亂，言語異聲，文字異形。尤是楚語至不同也。[[秦始皇帝]]混一車書，獨用秦[[小篆|篆]]，各地方言日合。然至於[[許慎]]之世，[[說文解字]]之所錄，亦有同義而音異之字，多有「某地曰某為某」之訓。蓋天下文字雖一，而言語未統也。此[[上古音]]也。古語於語法異於今音，可見諸[[尚書]]。

魏晉之世，北族南面，雖[[魏孝文帝]]力主洛音，而古音已變，[[詩]]始不得押韻。[[中原]]漢胡雜合，而成唐音，為[[中古音|中古之音]]。於南國，衣冠之南渡，亦有吳音混於正音者。此世[[樂府]]有吳曲、西州曲之分，蓋亦異音之故也。

[[趙宋|宋]]季，[[中原]]復為胡君，語音大變。[[四聲]]缺入，派為三聲。唯江南淪陷不足百年，語音未大變也。[[明]]初都[[應天]]，[[永樂]]間北遷，百官隨同，江左之音復入燕地。以後四百年皆都[[北京]]，遂以為[[國語]]矣。

及[[中華人民共和國]]立，以國語為[[普通話]]，舉世皆以其漢語之正音。實其正音以國語稍改而成，[[中華民國|國民政府]]遷臺，用其國語至今未廢。然分立五十年，習用亦異也。大異者，舉凡[[兒化韻]]之用，[[外來詞]]之源，王畿方言之不同，亦成其異也。

於地方，雖有國語，實方言殊音甚多，惟[[學校]]、[[典禮]]多用正音。

今世，以漢語為官話者，有中國、[[新加坡]]、[[聯合國]]。隨中國國力日蓄，萬國習之者眾，以利來華遊學仕商。

== 方言 ==
蓋漢語歧甚，遠者異域不相通，近者十里音不同。然文惟一，為世所稀見。

以[[語言學]]分，言不通即非一語。且語法各異，故有漢語為一語族之論。漢語諸言，概分如下：

* [[官話]]，聞之中原、巴蜀、江北，滿蒙疆人亦多用之。今中國大陸之[[普通話]]、臺灣之[[中華民國國語|國語]]、南洋之[[華語]]皆宗[[北京官話]][[京師片]]。
* [[吳語]]，聞之吳越之地，昔宗[[蘇州話]]，今宗[[上海話]]。
* [[閩語]]，聞之閩臺之地，瓊文之民亦操之，其中分[[閩北語|閩北]]、[[閩東語|閩東]]、[[閩南語|閩南]]、[[閩中語|閩中]]、[[莆仙話|莆仙]]，五語各不相通。
* [[粵語]]，聞之嶺南，至於海外。[[廣州話]]為宗。
* [[客語]]，聞之南境，為[[客家人]]之言，[[梅州話]]為宗。
* [[湘語]]，聞之楚南。分新老二派。[[長沙話|長沙]]、[[雙峰話]]為宗。
* [[贛語]]，聞之[[江西]]，[[南昌話]]為宗。
* [[徽語]]，聞之皖南，[[徽州話]]為宗。今或以之為吳語之別種。
* [[晉語]]，聞之晉北、陝北、雲中等處，[[太原話]]為宗。

官話復分數種，以下次第：
*[[東北官話]]，聞之東北，宗[[瀋陽話]]。
*[[北京官話]]，聞之北京，東北，新疆之一部，宗[[北京話]]。
*[[江淮官話]]，聞之蘇中蘇北之大部，蘇南之一部及皖中，宗[[揚州話]]，以其地雜吳語，兩者相生，或謂淮語。明代以之為國語。
*[[西南官話]]，聞之川，桂，滇，貴，宗[[成都話]]。
*[[中原官話]]，聞之中原，關中，魯南。各地或有別種。宗[[洛陽話]]、[[西安話]]。
*[[冀魯官話]]，聞之冀，魯。宗[[濟南話]]。
*[[蘭銀官話]]，聞之隴上，寧夏。宗[[蘭州話]]。
*[[膠遼官話]]，聞之齊東，遼南，東北之一部。學界多宗[[煙臺話]]。

以下諸言皆從屬不明：
* [[廣西平話]]，聞之[[廣西]]山村，或以之為[[粵語]]之別種。
* [[韶州土話]]、[[湘南土話]]，聞之五嶺南北，或言二者皆近平話，或從[[湘南土話]]於湘語。
* [[瓦鄉話]]，聞之湘西沅水谷地，壟斷山絕，漢苗雜居，故甚異於官音，或以為湘語之別種。

== 書典 ==
* 《[[康熙字典|康熙大字典]]》
* 《[[廣韻]]》
* 《[[說文解字]]》

== 他典 ==
* [http://lexikon.china2day.de 《在線英漢字典》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713122604/http://lexikon.china2day.de/ |date=2007-07-13 }} &lt;!--
*[http://www.MonkeyKingSoft.com/ MonkeyKingSoft.com] - 使用电脑软件学习汉字：在电脑上动态显示汉字笔顺，或者打印成卡片帮助记忆。 --&gt;
* [http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/ 《康熙大字典》]
* [http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/MANDR/EDU6300001/allbook/bishuen/c8.htm?open 《常用國字標準字體筆順手冊》]
* [http://zgyy.faedia.com 《國文論壇》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210215/http://zgyy.faedia.com/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
* [http://www.zdic.net 《在線漢語字典》]
* [http://www.zhongwen.com/Zhongwen.com 《網上中英字典》]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.newconcept.com/School/text_books.html 海外中文教材]--&gt;
* [http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ 《輕鬆習中文》] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712024338/http://learn_chinese.ckungfu.com/ |date=2007-07-12 }}&lt;!--
*[http://www.chinawestexchange.com/ China West Exchange]: 本网点是为了让西方人认识中国文化，中国人认识西方语言和文化而作的--&gt;
&lt;!--*[http://malandrin.org 马来西亚官话方言]
*[http://www.mina.ks.edu.tw/ 高雄县闽南语教材教学資料库]
*[http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/ Cantonese Help Sheets]: 粤语教程
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ 粵語審音配詞字庫]
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ Chinese to English Dictionary]: 中英字典
*[http://5189.asinah.net/ 中英字典 English to Chinese Dictionary]
*[http://us.dict.cn/ Dict.CN 中英字典 英中字典 English-Chinese and Chinese-English Dictionary on line]
*[http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a9305416/ Chinese Linguistics]: 汉语语言学网站（英文）
*[http://www.chineselanguage.org/CCDICT/index.html Chinese Characters Dictionary]: 支持日语、韩语、粤语等。
*[http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton2/ Cantonese Talking Syllabary]: 中文网站（繁体）

*[http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/zh.htm 网上上免费的普通话教程]
*[http://www.hanyu.com.cn/ Online College of Chinese Language汉语远程学院教学网]（中国国家汉办、华东师大合办)--&gt;
* [http://www.hello-han.com/index.php 《漢語，你好！》遠程教育網] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409174241/http://www.hello-han.com/index.php |date=2021-04-09 }}
&lt;!--[http://www-ms.cc.ntu.edu.tw/~chinlit/ National Taiwan University Department of Chinese Literature]
*[http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/cin Turkish-Chinese Translators in China] --&gt;
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1270 漢語方言列表]
*[http://yedict.com/ 字海網、葉典網]

{{堪讀之文}}

[[Category:漢語]]
[[Category:基礎之文]]</text>
      <sha1>pdsb31j5og45zj5tpsa4lf6o7eyopve</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>維基大典:會館/topic list</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>82586</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418464</id>
      <parentid>418438</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T01:02:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cewbot</username>
        <id>65799</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[用戶:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|生成議題列表：6個議題]]</comment>
      <origin>418464</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4270" sha1="kvkvai0z4zy9gyuixel6z55aef33341" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- 本頁面由機器人自動更新。若要改進，請聯繫機器人操作者。 --&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;  style=&quot;float:left;&quot;
|-
! data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; | &lt;small&gt;序&lt;/small&gt; !! 💭 議題 !! data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; | &lt;span title=&quot;議論數&quot;&gt;💬&lt;/span&gt; !! data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; | &lt;small title=&quot;參議者數&quot;&gt;👥&lt;/small&gt; !! 🙋 末議者 !! data-sort-type=&quot;isoDate&quot; | &lt;span title=&quot;新易&quot;&gt;🕒 &lt;small&gt;(UTC+8)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot;  | 一
| [[維基大典:會館#天地玄黃列次文獻|天地玄黃列次文獻]]
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot;  | 三
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot;  | 三
| style=&quot;background-color: #ddd;&quot; | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]]
| style=&quot;background-color: #ddd;&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;isoDate&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;2025-06-06T01:36:00.000Z&quot; | 2025-06-06 &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;09:36&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;2&quot;  | 二
| [[維基大典:會館#大典新知|大典新知]]
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;2&quot;  | 二
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;2&quot;  | 二
| style=&quot;background-color: #ddd;&quot; | [[User:Ericliu1912|Ericliu1912]]
| style=&quot;background-color: #ddd;&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;isoDate&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;2025-06-06T02:26:00.000Z&quot; | 2025-06-06 &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;10:26&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot;  | 三
| [[維基大典:會館#Fix_namespace_of_User|Fix namespace of User]]
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot;  | 三
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;2&quot;  | 二
| style=&quot;background-color: #ddd;&quot; | [[User:WAN233|WAN233]]
| style=&quot;background-color: #ddd;&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;isoDate&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;2025-06-06T07:00:00.000Z&quot; | 2025-06-06 &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;15:00&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot;  | 四
| [[維基大典:會館#Vote_now_in_the_2025_U4C_Election|Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election]]
| style=&quot;background-color: #fcc;&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot;  | 一
| style=&quot;background-color: #fcc;&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot;  | 一
| style=&quot;background-color: #ddd;&quot; | [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]]
| style=&quot;background-color: #ddd;&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;isoDate&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;2025-06-13T23:01:00.000Z&quot; | 2025-06-14 &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;07:01&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;5&quot;  | 五
| style=&quot;max-width: 24em&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[維基大典:會館#Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_of_Trustees_2025_-_Call_for_Candidates|&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background-color: #fcc;&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot;  | 一
| style=&quot;background-color: #fcc;&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot;  | 一
| [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;small style=&quot;word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;&quot;&gt;MediaWiki message delivery&lt;/small&gt;]]
| data-sort-type=&quot;isoDate&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;2025-06-17T17:44:00.000Z&quot; | 2025-06-18 &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;01:44&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;6&quot;  | 六
| [[維基大典:會館#台灣分會2025年6月對話時間|台灣分會2025年6月對話時間]]
| style=&quot;background-color: #fcc;&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot;  | 一
| style=&quot;background-color: #fcc;&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot;  | 一
| [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;small style=&quot;word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;&quot;&gt;MediaWiki message delivery&lt;/small&gt;]]
| data-sort-type=&quot;isoDate&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;2025-06-23T01:01:00.000Z&quot; | 2025-06-23 &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;09:01&lt;/span&gt;
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;float: left; margin-left: .5em;;{{#if:{{{no_time_legend|}}}|display:none;|}}&quot;
! title=&quot;From the latest bot edit&quot; | 發言更新圖例
|-
| style=&quot;background-color: #efe;&quot;  |
* 最近一小時內
|-
| style=&quot;background-color: #eef;&quot;  |
* 最近一日內
|-
|  |
* 一週內
|-
| style=&quot;background-color: #ddd;&quot;  |
* 一個月內
|-
| style=&quot;background-color: #bbb;&quot;  |
* 逾一個月
|-

! Manual settings
|-
| style=&quot;max-width: 12em;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;When exceptions occur,&lt;br /&gt;please check [[用戶:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|the setting]] first.&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|}
{{Clear}}</text>
      <sha1>kvkvai0z4zy9gyuixel6z55aef33341</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:Purin475</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>97243</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418481</id>
      <parentid>355853</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T10:13:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kızıl</username>
        <id>106565</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Kızıl遷頁[[用戶討論:Purin128AL]]至[[用戶討論:Purin475]]：當重新命名使用者「[[Special:CentralAuth/Purin128AL|Purin128AL]]」至「[[Special:CentralAuth/Purin475|Purin475]]」時自動移動頁面</comment>
      <origin>355853</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="208" sha1="qkpp05dpb6ibttp7ka1xdaiyfps6cyn" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Purin128AL}}

-- [[user:WAN233|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #007FFF;&quot;&gt;启明&lt;/span&gt;]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二〇年一〇月二六日 （一） 〇二時三六分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>qkpp05dpb6ibttp7ka1xdaiyfps6cyn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>加斯帕爾·德·古茲曼</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>111666</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418477</id>
      <parentid>415697</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T09:25:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shunshen Lee</username>
        <id>68656</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>418477</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2157" sha1="m2rzansphg7psynrytk1eei3h8ixfjf" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Count-Duke of Olivares.jpg|200px|thumb|奧利瓦雷斯伯爵畫像]]
'''加斯帕爾·德·古茲曼''' {{按|[[西班牙語]] Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel Ribera y Velasco de Tovar，Conde-duque de Olivares}}，[[西班牙]]人。[[西元]][[一五八七年]]一月六日，生於[[羅馬]]。會父卒，襲奧利瓦雷斯伯爵。[[一六二一年]]，以母舅唐巴爾塔薩薦充國務大臣，晉桑呂卡爾公爵。古茲曼性介然有為，善談論，能伺上意，為[[w:zh:腓力四世 (西班牙)|國主]]所親信，累擢至首輔。初柄政，古茲曼內修法度，裁冗官，削封建諸藩，收其事權於中樞；外興舟艦，勵工商，圖復[[大西洋|海上]]之霸業&lt;ref&gt;Brown, Jonathan, and Carmen Garrido. ''Velazquez: The Technique of Genius.'' New Haven: Yale University Press. (1998) {{ISBN|978-0-300-07293-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;。古茲曼倡「[[w:zh:伊比利亞半島|伊比利亞]]聯盟」之說，連歲用兵，務經略西班牙、[[葡萄牙]]及加泰羅尼亞諸地。方是時，[[荷蘭]]之役未息，古茲曼請引兵合[[神聖羅馬帝國|奧地利]]共與戰事；及攻德意志[[諸侯]]，始而屢克，朝廷嘉其勳。已而兵久財竭，民困國疲，怨聲洶洶。加泰羅尼亞因之叛，葡人亦舉亂，由是時局不可支，國主浸厭之。[[一六四三年]]，詔褫古茲曼相職，放之田里，後居鄉杜門臥家。[[一六四五年]]七月廿二日，卒，年五十有八。初，[[法蘭西|法人]]相[[黎塞留]]，專國政，斷權宗室，肇造新法。二人並世，皆才略過人，而西班牙終衰，法國益強。自此士論多訾議古茲曼，而獨稱黎氏賢輔也&lt;ref&gt;Elliott, J. H. ''Richelieu and Olivares.'' Cambridge: Canto Press. (1991)&lt;/ref&gt;。至近世，史家辨其非，謂曰：「西班牙幅員萬里，地遠政分，貴族跋扈，教權難制，非一人之力所能齊也。國主庸暗，上下離心，雖古茲曼多智，終難回天。」&lt;ref&gt;Elliott, J. H. ''The Count-Duke of Olivares. The Statesman in an Age of Decline.'' Yale University: New Haven. (1986)&lt;/ref&gt;

==考據==
{{reflist}}

[[分類:西班牙列傳]]</text>
      <sha1>m2rzansphg7psynrytk1eei3h8ixfjf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418478</id>
      <parentid>418477</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T09:26:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shunshen Lee</username>
        <id>68656</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Shunshen Lee已移動頁面[[稿:加斯帕爾·德·古茲曼]]至[[加斯帕爾·德·古茲曼]]，不留重新導向：校正回歸</comment>
      <origin>418477</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2157" sha1="m2rzansphg7psynrytk1eei3h8ixfjf" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Count-Duke of Olivares.jpg|200px|thumb|奧利瓦雷斯伯爵畫像]]
'''加斯帕爾·德·古茲曼''' {{按|[[西班牙語]] Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel Ribera y Velasco de Tovar，Conde-duque de Olivares}}，[[西班牙]]人。[[西元]][[一五八七年]]一月六日，生於[[羅馬]]。會父卒，襲奧利瓦雷斯伯爵。[[一六二一年]]，以母舅唐巴爾塔薩薦充國務大臣，晉桑呂卡爾公爵。古茲曼性介然有為，善談論，能伺上意，為[[w:zh:腓力四世 (西班牙)|國主]]所親信，累擢至首輔。初柄政，古茲曼內修法度，裁冗官，削封建諸藩，收其事權於中樞；外興舟艦，勵工商，圖復[[大西洋|海上]]之霸業&lt;ref&gt;Brown, Jonathan, and Carmen Garrido. ''Velazquez: The Technique of Genius.'' New Haven: Yale University Press. (1998) {{ISBN|978-0-300-07293-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;。古茲曼倡「[[w:zh:伊比利亞半島|伊比利亞]]聯盟」之說，連歲用兵，務經略西班牙、[[葡萄牙]]及加泰羅尼亞諸地。方是時，[[荷蘭]]之役未息，古茲曼請引兵合[[神聖羅馬帝國|奧地利]]共與戰事；及攻德意志[[諸侯]]，始而屢克，朝廷嘉其勳。已而兵久財竭，民困國疲，怨聲洶洶。加泰羅尼亞因之叛，葡人亦舉亂，由是時局不可支，國主浸厭之。[[一六四三年]]，詔褫古茲曼相職，放之田里，後居鄉杜門臥家。[[一六四五年]]七月廿二日，卒，年五十有八。初，[[法蘭西|法人]]相[[黎塞留]]，專國政，斷權宗室，肇造新法。二人並世，皆才略過人，而西班牙終衰，法國益強。自此士論多訾議古茲曼，而獨稱黎氏賢輔也&lt;ref&gt;Elliott, J. H. ''Richelieu and Olivares.'' Cambridge: Canto Press. (1991)&lt;/ref&gt;。至近世，史家辨其非，謂曰：「西班牙幅員萬里，地遠政分，貴族跋扈，教權難制，非一人之力所能齊也。國主庸暗，上下離心，雖古茲曼多智，終難回天。」&lt;ref&gt;Elliott, J. H. ''The Count-Duke of Olivares. The Statesman in an Age of Decline.'' Yale University: New Haven. (1986)&lt;/ref&gt;

==考據==
{{reflist}}

[[分類:西班牙列傳]]</text>
      <sha1>m2rzansphg7psynrytk1eei3h8ixfjf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418479</id>
      <parentid>418478</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T09:31:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shunshen Lee</username>
        <id>68656</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>418479</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2177" sha1="h9x7jfqvfjw7rqzpuy6isomqvk4vr5u" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Count-Duke of Olivares.jpg|200px|thumb|奧利瓦雷斯伯爵畫像]]
'''加斯帕爾·德·古茲曼''' {{按|[[西班牙語]] Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel Ribera y Velasco de Tovar，Conde-duque de Olivares}}，[[西班牙]]人。[[西元]][[一五八七年]]一月六日，生於[[羅馬]]。會父卒，襲奧利瓦雷斯伯爵。[[一六二一年]]，以母舅唐巴爾塔薩薦充國務大臣，晉桑呂卡爾公爵。古茲曼性介然有為，善談論，能伺上意，為[[w:zh:腓力四世 (西班牙)|國主]]所親信，累擢至[[宰相|首輔]]。初當國，古茲曼內修法度，裁冗官，削封建諸藩，收其事權於朝廷；外興舟艦，勵工商，圖復[[大西洋|海上]]之霸業&lt;ref&gt;Brown, Jonathan, and Carmen Garrido. ''Velazquez: The Technique of Genius.'' New Haven: Yale University Press. (1998) {{ISBN|978-0-300-07293-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;。古茲曼倡「[[w:zh:伊比利亞半島|伊比利亞]]聯盟」之說，連歲用兵，務經略西班牙、[[葡萄牙]]及加泰羅尼亞諸地。方是時，[[荷蘭]]之役未息，古茲曼請引兵合[[神聖羅馬帝國|奧地利]]共與戰事；及攻德意志[[諸侯]]，始而屢克，朝議嘉其勳。已而兵久財竭，民困國疲，怨聲洶洶。加泰羅尼亞因之叛，葡人亦舉亂，由是時局不可支，國主浸厭之。[[一六四三年]]，詔褫古茲曼相職，放之田里，後居鄉杜門臥家。[[一六四五年]]七月廿二日，卒托羅，年五十有八。初，[[法蘭西|法人]]相[[黎塞留]]，專國政，斷權宗室，肇造新法。二人並世，皆才略過人，然則西班牙終衰，法國益強。自此士論多訾議古茲曼，而獨稱黎氏賢輔也&lt;ref&gt;Elliott, J. H. ''Richelieu and Olivares.'' Cambridge: Canto Press. (1991)&lt;/ref&gt;。至近世，史家辨其非，謂曰：「西班牙幅員萬里，地遠政分，貴族跋扈，教權難制，非一人之力所能齊也。國主庸暗，上下離心，雖古茲曼多智，終難回天。」&lt;ref&gt;Elliott, J. H. ''The Count-Duke of Olivares. The Statesman in an Age of Decline.'' Yale University: New Haven. (1986)&lt;/ref&gt;

==考據==
{{reflist}}

[[分類:西班牙列傳]]</text>
      <sha1>h9x7jfqvfjw7rqzpuy6isomqvk4vr5u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:GrowthExperimentsSuggestedEdits.json</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>123075</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418456</id>
      <parentid>407693</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T16:46:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maintenance script</username>
        <id>51134</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Adding version data</comment>
      <origin>418456</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="1401" sha1="38aug8r1yy5uumjv89n1vwmxuu1d0u1" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;$version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;,
	&quot;GEInfoboxTemplates&quot;: [],
	&quot;copyedit&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;templates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;
	},
	&quot;expand&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;templates&quot;: [
			&quot;芻文&quot;,
			&quot;文過短&quot;
		],
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;
	},
	&quot;image_recommendation&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
		&quot;maxTasksPerDay&quot;: 25,
		&quot;templates&quot;: []
	},
	&quot;link_recommendation&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
		&quot;maximumLinksToShowPerTask&quot;: 3,
		&quot;excludedSections&quot;: [],
		&quot;maxTasksPerDay&quot;: 25,
		&quot;underlinkedWeight&quot;: 0.5,
		&quot;minimumLinkScore&quot;: 0.6,
		&quot;maximumEditsTaskIsAvailable&quot;: &quot;no&quot;
	},
	&quot;links&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;templates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;
	},
	&quot;references&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;templates&quot;: [
			&quot;無據&quot;
		],
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;維基大典:明引據&quot;
	},
	&quot;section_image_recommendation&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
		&quot;maxTasksPerDay&quot;: 25
	},
	&quot;update&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;templates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>38aug8r1yy5uumjv89n1vwmxuu1d0u1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418457</id>
      <parentid>418456</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T17:11:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maintenance script</username>
        <id>51134</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Migrating data to new format</comment>
      <origin>418457</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="1401" sha1="tagazopds97ovqpi47lqxcav7omsmov" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;$version&quot;: &quot;2.0.0&quot;,
	&quot;GEInfoboxTemplates&quot;: [],
	&quot;copyedit&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;templates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;
	},
	&quot;expand&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;templates&quot;: [
			&quot;芻文&quot;,
			&quot;文過短&quot;
		],
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;
	},
	&quot;image_recommendation&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
		&quot;maxTasksPerDay&quot;: 25,
		&quot;templates&quot;: []
	},
	&quot;link_recommendation&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
		&quot;maximumLinksToShowPerTask&quot;: 3,
		&quot;excludedSections&quot;: [],
		&quot;maxTasksPerDay&quot;: 25,
		&quot;underlinkedWeight&quot;: 0.5,
		&quot;minimumLinkScore&quot;: 0.6,
		&quot;maximumEditsTaskIsAvailable&quot;: &quot;no&quot;
	},
	&quot;links&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;templates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;
	},
	&quot;references&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;templates&quot;: [
			&quot;無據&quot;
		],
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;維基大典:明引據&quot;
	},
	&quot;section_image_recommendation&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
		&quot;maxTasksPerDay&quot;: 25
	},
	&quot;update&quot;: {
		&quot;disabled&quot;: false,
		&quot;templates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedTemplates&quot;: [],
		&quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
		&quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>tagazopds97ovqpi47lqxcav7omsmov</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>原神</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>123562</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418447</id>
      <parentid>418050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T12:17:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>西城東路</username>
        <id>109119</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>修正</comment>
      <origin>418447</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16164" sha1="kb0vhsgym1bea1m70iky4477tf21rdn" xml:space="preserve">'''原神'''者，乃[[上海]][[:zh:米哈游|米哈遊]]所創之[[電子遊戲]]也。其公測始於庚子之春，同時發中英日韓四語服務器，由''[[:zh:米哈游|識隙之城]]''營運之。
[[檔案:Genshin Impact wordmark.svg|替代文字|縮圖|英文名&quot;Genshin Impact&quot; 。]]

==簡述==
有一世，謂曰提瓦{{按|[[希伯來語]]云「תֵּבָה」，乃「篋」「方舟」之意}}；有一事，謂曰坎瑞亞災變。坎瑞亞乃提瓦之國，某日有一神降臨，其名曰「天理之維繫者」，滅坎瑞亞。有二旅人，謂「空」「熒」，見此景，欲離，遭「天理」之阻並遭囚錮，二人散約五世紀之久，其一爲尋其二，決旅於提瓦。

==編年==
===始年===
春，{{專|西風騎士團}}長遠征列國。

六月，旅人寤，釣天神{{專|派蒙}}出東海。

八月，旅人上{{專|蒙德城}}。平深淵於三風廟，爲風神取天琴，平龍患。愚人八首「女士」竊風神之心。

九月，旅人至{{專|璃月}}，岩王詐崩，七星率軍控場。愚人末首「公子」作亂，旅人平之。

十月，隕星落，使人昏睡。愚人六首「散兵」作亂二國，{{專|莫娜}}、{{專|菲謝}}歸之，乃知{{專|提瓦}}天虛。

===元年===
二月，會旅人賞節{{專|璃月}}，{{專|戴因斯雷布}}入{{專|蒙德}}。

四月，{{專|果酒湖}}水發苦，不久復甘。

七月，旅人入{{專|稻妻}}之國，與雷神戰，不勝，走{{專|海祇島}}{{按|[[琉球]]之於提瓦}}。

八月，旅人入{{專|珊瑚宮軍}}，抗雷神幕府。

九月，追至將軍府，盡誅愚人眾離間稻妻者，克將軍，廢眼狩令。

===二年===
正月，天權重建天府，賀以雲戲。

二月，{{專|稻妻}}廢鎖國令。

四月，旅人深入{{專|層岩巨淵}}，得其妹簪花。

五月，稻妻與蒙德、璃月修好。

六月，{{專|璃月|夜蘭}}問天樞改易之事。

八月，旅人入{{專|須彌}}，觀草神誕日輪迴，知{{專|教令院}}與愚人次首「博士」合謀造神。

九月，{{專|蒙德|米卡施密}}歸國；旅人入{{專|須彌}}大漠，盡力以克「博士」及合謀之賢者。

十月，草神誕日，「散兵」自謂成神；旅行者來而敗「散兵」，舉國歡慶。

十一月，「散兵」解職，為「流浪者」。人不復知有「散兵」。

十二月，旅人習牌戲「七聖召喚」。

===三年===
正月，{{專|夜蘭}}升天樞。

三月，{{專|須彌}}三人會{{專|蒙德|風花節}}，與修好。

四月，旅人復草龍王於{{專|須彌|楓丹}}界。

八月，旅人過诸{{專|須彌}}大漠，入{{專|楓丹}}，見「僕人」三子{{按|[[林尼]]、[[琳妮特]]、[[菲米尼]]}}戲法。水神以群殺案故，囚「公子」於水下。

九月，水龍王{{專|那维莱特}}囚旅人於「公子」同處四十五日，不久盡沒水中。

十月，水淹{{專|楓丹}}，旅人釋；水神{{專|芙卡洛斯}}自決，讓位於水龍王，然後水災自止。

十二月，{{專|稻妻|社奉行}}會盟{{專|楓丹}}，以僑建交。

===四年===
春，水神復位，采茶{{專|璃月|沉玉谷}}。

四月，「僕人」旅人入海，探海中{{專|勒穆利亞}}{{按|古羅馬至於提瓦}}遺址。

六月，旅人過{{專|須彌}}，與其親會，聞「命運之織機」將成。

八月，旅人入{{專|納塔}}，聞火神非神，人也。

九月，{{專|卡齊娜}}入夜神之國，旅人遂與{{專|納塔}}六族英雄各一尋之，得。

十月，淵藪遍行{{專|納塔}}，「煙謎主」英雄{{專|歐洛倫}}與「隊長」同謀，欲除國人記憶以復國；覺，治。

十一月，淵藪盡退。

===五年===
正月，旅人與火神敗淵藪之王{{專|古髓突}}；「隊長」葬身弭患。{{專|納塔}}人復出國。

二月，{{專|稻妻}}三川花祠，歸僑。

三月，旅人入{{專|納塔}}火山，遍尋古跡。

四月，旅人復至{{專|蒙德}}，會{{專|風花節}}而不興；{{專|阿貝多}}以罪莫須有，破{{專|魔女會}}棋局；魔龍{{專|杜林}}化人形。

五月，{{專|楓丹}}廚賽，購{{專|納塔}}果蔬。

六月，旅人入坎瑞亞。

==用語==
===元素===
玩家可用之力，各角之元素皆異，其力多自於「神之眼」。元素有七，曰火、水、風、雷、草、冰、岩。

===神之眼、神之心===
元素力之源，各角皆有神之眼或神之心，唯前為供人之用，後為供神之用。神之心乃「天理」所賜；神之眼乃各神所賜。神可奪心，人可奪眼。
{{stub}}

===諸國===
序以旅人之行。
{| class=wikitable
!國號!!考源!!神!!神號!!神力!!政府!!理念
|-
|蒙德||[[日耳曼]][[歐洲]]||巴巴托斯||神主||風||西風騎士團||自由
|-
|璃月||[[中國]]||摩拉克斯||帝君||岩||七星||契約
|-
|稻妻||[[日本]]||巴爾||雷電將軍||雷||幕府||永恆
|-
|須彌||[[漢字]]以外[[亞洲]]&lt;br&gt;北[[非洲]]||布耶爾||小吉祥草王||草||教令院||智慧
|-
|楓丹||[[羅曼語族|拉丁歐洲]]||弗卡洛斯||四眾之女王||水||沫芒宮||正義
|-
|納塔||[[美洲]]&lt;br&gt;南[[非洲]]&lt;br&gt;[[大洋洲]]||哈拜利||領袖||火||酋長會&lt;br&gt;{{按|内名「話事處」}}||戰爭
|-
|至冬||[[斯拉夫語族|斯拉夫歐洲]]||不明||女皇||冰||愚人眾||憐愛
|}

==各角==
五星者重。

武器：近戰四類，[[劍]]、[[大劍]]{{按|大劍可以采礦}}、戈矛、徒手{{按|徒手者以法器用力}}；遠戰二類，法器、[[弓]]。
===蒙德===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|安柏||火||弓||初||{{專|西風騎士團}}偵察，無士卒可用。
|-
|凱亞{{按|亞伯李希氏}}||冰||劍||初||{{專|坎瑞亞}}人，{{專|西風騎士團}}騎總。
|-
|麗莎{{按|敏兹氏}}||雷||法器||初||魔女，亦國家圖書館長。
|-
|芭芭拉{{按|佩奇氏}}||水||法器||初||{{專|西風教會}}牧師，{{專|琴}}之妹。
|-
|雷澤||雷||大劍||初||狼飼之孤兒。
|-
|菲謝{{按|·馮·露弗施洛斯·那菲多特氏}}||雷||弓||初||{{專|冒險家協會}}調查員，自命「斷罪皇女」。
|-
|諾艾爾||岩||大劍||初||{{專|西風騎士團}}女侍，力入士籍。
|-
|班尼特||火||弓||初||{{專|冒險家協會}}分隊長，尋於{{專|納塔|燼寂海}}。
|-
|砂糖||風||法器||初||生命術士，從{{專|白堊}}。
|-
|'''琴'''{{按|古恩希德氏}}||風||劍||初||{{專|西風騎士團}}副帥，{{專|芭芭拉}}之姊。
|-
|'''迪陸'''{{按|萊艮芬德氏}}||火||大劍||初||{{專|凱亞}}之前任、養兄，今爲酒商。
|-
|'''莫娜'''{{按|阿斯托洛吉斯·莫娜·梅姬斯圖斯全名}}||水||法器||初||占星家，從{{專|魔女會}}。
|-
|'''溫迪'''||風||弓||初||風神{{專|巴巴托斯}}。
|-
|'''可莉'''||火||法器||一之初||異界精靈，{{專|西風騎士團}}炮兵。
|-
|迪奧娜{{按|凱茨萊茵氏}}||冰||弓||一之一||貓人，{{專|貓尾酒館}}酒保。
|-
|'''阿貝多'''||岩||劍||一之二||{{專|西風騎士團}}調查隊長、煉金長。&lt;br&gt;{{專|坎瑞亞}}人{{專|萊茵多特}}所製人形。
|-
|羅莎莉亞||冰||戈矛||一之四||{{專|西風教會}}修女。
|-
|'''歐拉'''{{按|勞倫斯氏}}||冰||大劍||一之五||{{專|西風騎士團}}游擊長，於家、於團皆見譖。
|-
|米卡{{按|施密氏}}||冰||戈矛||三之五||{{專|西風騎士團}}測繪員，從主帥遠征，二年而歸。
|-
|塔利雅||水||戈矛||五之七||{{專|西風教會}}司鐸。
|}

===璃月===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|卯香菱||火||戈矛||初||{{專|萬民堂}}{{按|在璃月港東}}主厨，掌門之女子。
|-
|　北斗||雷||大劍||初||{{專|南十字船隊}}司令，以徒手戰海妖名天下。
|-
|　行秋||水||劍||初||{{專|飛雲商會}}主人次子，習古華武術，志在復興。
|-
|　凝光||岩||法器||初||[[天權]]星君，七國首富，建群玉閣於{{專|港}}西以爲居，亦爲戰備。
|-
|　重雲||冰||大劍||初||{{專|天衡山}}方士，以其純陽之體，妖魔未見即去。
|-
|　'''七七'''||冰||劍||初||[[僵尸]]女童，爲{{專|白朮}}采草藥。
|-
|　'''刻晴'''||雷||劍||初||[[玉衡]]星君，以國運由人不由神仙，大行其是。
|-
|　'''鍾離'''||岩||戈矛||一之一||岩王帝君{{專|摩拉克斯}}，隱於市井。
|-
|　辛焱||火||大劍||一之一||歌手，習{{專|楓丹}}搖滾之樂，爲千岩軍{{按|璃月國軍}}所逐。
|-
|　'''甘雨'''||冰||弓||一之二||半[[麒麟]]，三千年來常任[[七星]]總書記。
|-
|　　'''魈'''||風||戈矛||一之三||六夜叉之獨存者，封金鵬大將。
|-
|'''胡　桃'''||火||戈矛||一之三||胡氏七十七代司葬，好詩文。
|-
|　煙緋||火||法器||一之五||大法官，[[獬豸]]與人所生。
|-
|　'''申鶴'''||冰||戈矛||二之四||天衡方士，{{專|重雲}}姨母，{{專|留雲借風真君}}弟子。
|-
|雲　堇||岩||戈矛||二之四||「雲瀚社」戲子，名揚内外。
|-
|　'''夜蘭'''||水||弓||二之七||總務司、天權典密，號「岩上茶室主人」。
|-
|　瑤瑤||草||戈矛||三之四||{{專|歌塵浪市真君}}弟子，{{專|卯香菱}}之少者，助{{專|甘雨}}。
|-
|　'''白朮'''||草||法器||三之六||太醫，居{{專|港}}西北{{專|不卜廬}}。
|-
|　'''閑雲'''||風||法器||四之四||{{專|留雲借風真君}}，青鶴所化。
|-
|葉嘉明||火||大劍||四之四||鏢者，兼以舞獅爲業。
|-
|藍　硯||風||法器||五之三||草編藝人，居翹英莊。
|}

===稻妻===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|'''楓原　萬葉'''||風||劍||一之六||浪人，入{{專|璃月|北斗}}之下。
|-
|'''神里　綾華'''||冰||劍||二之初||{{專|社奉行}}推定繼承人，號「白鷺公主」。
|-
|　　　早柚||風||大劍||二之初||{{專|社奉行}}忍者，自忌形短。
|-
|'''長野原　宵宮'''||火||弓||二之初||炮仗師，國人號曰「夏祭之女王」。
|-
|'''雷電　將軍'''||雷||戈矛||二之一||雷神{{專|巴爾}}，諱'''影'''。
|-
|九條　裟羅||雷||弓||二之一||天狗，幕府軍大將，{{專|天領奉行}}主{{專|九條孝行}}養子。
|-
|'''珊瑚宮　心海'''||水||法器||二之一||{{專|海祇島}}{{按|六大島之西者}}主祭，與幕府不和。
|-
|　　　托馬{{按|蒙德人}}||火||戈矛||二之二||{{專|社奉行}}侍者，尋父而來。
|-
|'''荒瀧　一斗'''||岩||大劍||二之三||赤鬼，以其族，多獲罪於人，故自立門戶。
|-
|　　　五郎||岩||弓||二之三||{{專|海祇島}}軍大將。
|-
|'''神里　綾人'''||水||劍||二之五||{{專|社奉行}}主，{{專|綾華}}兄。
|-
|'''八重　神子'''||雷||法器||二之六||四尾狐，{{專|鳴神大社}}{{按|在主島高山上，島故名}}主祭。
|-
|久岐　忍||雷||劍||二之七||{{專|荒瀧一斗}}之副，學律法於{{專|璃月|煙緋}}。
|-
|鹿野院　平藏||風||徒手||二之八||{{專|天領奉行}}偵探。
|-
|　　　綺良良||草||劍||三之七||貓又，爲急遞於七國。
|-
|　　　'''千織'''||岩||劍||四之五||{{專|小倉屋}}{{按|在稻妻城街西側}}裁縫，出逃{{專|楓丹}}以得自主。
|-
|'''夢見月　瑞希'''||風||法器||五之四||貘，喜食人夢。
|}

===須彌===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|'''提納里'''||草||弓||三之初||生論學者，於林區護民、破死域{{按|林區災害，令敵强我弱}}。
|-
|柯萊||草||弓||三之初||護林員，修於{{專|提納里}}。
|-
|多莉{{按|桑格瑪哈巴依氏}}||雷||大劍||三之初||富甲{{專|須彌}}，自建宮室於林區東北。
|-
|'''賽諾'''||雷||戈矛||三之一||{{專|教令院}}典紀，素論派所出。
|-
|坎蒂絲||水||戈矛||三之一||{{專|阿如村}}{{按|在沙海東近林處}}守衛。
|-
|'''妮露'''||水||劍||三之一||{{專|須彌城}}下{{專|祖拜爾}}之舞者。
|-
|'''納西妲'''||草||法器||三之二||草神{{專|布耶爾}}。
|-
|萊依拉||冰||劍||三之二||明論學者，以論失眠。
|-
|'''流浪者'''||風||法器||三之三||{{專|稻妻|雷電將軍}}所作人偶，放浪七國。{{註|入{{專|須彌}}時爲愚人眾十一士之六；旅人與之戰，勝，令重置之。}}
|-
|琺露珊||風||弓||三之三||知論學者，困於赤王陵百年。
|-
|'''艾爾海森'''||草||劍||三之四||教令院書記，知論派所出。
|-
|'''迪希雅'''||火||大劍||三之五||鍍金旅團傭兵，護{{專|旅人}}。
|-
|卡維||草||大劍||三之六||妙論學者，司營造於國土。
|-
|塞索斯||雷||戈矛||四之七||{{專|緘默之殿}}主人，{{專|赫曼努比}}之身。
|}

===楓丹===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|'''林尼'''{{按|雪奈維奇茨氏}}||火||弓||四之初||國之幻士，{{專|佩露薇利}}養子。
|-
|琳妮特{{按|雪奈夫娜氏}}||風||劍||四之初||{{專|林尼}}之妹，亦助手，以貓耳貓尾見疏。
|-
|菲米尼{{按|雪奈維奇氏}}||冰||大劍||四之初||國之潛水員，{{專|佩露薇利}}養子。
|-
|'''那維列'''||水||法器||四之一||水龍王，代神行政。
|-
|'''萊子利'''{{按|公，國號不詳}}||冰||徒手||四之一||{{專|楓丹}}典獄，以殺養父母入囚。
|-
|'''芙寧娜'''{{按|德楓丹氏}}||水||劍||四之二||水神{{專|弗加洛}}所造人形，代神行事，亦爲三代水神。
|-
|夏洛蒂||冰||法器||四之二||蒸汽鳥報社記者。
|-
|'''娜維婭'''{{按|卡薩帕氏}}||岩||大劍||四之三||{{專|刺玫會}}長，及有司所不及。
|-
|夏沃蕾||火||戈矛||四之三||{{專|特巡隊}}長。
|-
|'''克洛琳'''||雷||劍||四之七||不敗之鬥士，嘗殺{{專|娜維婭}}父{{專|卡雷斯}}。
|-
|'''希格雯'''||水||弓||四之七||{{專|梅洛彼得堡}}{{按|有監獄之用，在水下}}護長，水妖化人形者。
|-
|'''艾梅莉'''||草||戈矛||四之八||國之尚香，助{{專|特巡隊}}破案。
|-
|'''愛可菲'''||冰||戈矛||五之六||{{專|德波飯店}}{{按|在楓丹廷内西南}}後廚。
|}

===納塔===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|卡齊娜||岩||戈矛||五之初||{{專|回聲之子}}礦工，古名「堅强」。
|-
|'''瑪拉妮'''||水||法器||五之初||{{專|流泉之眾}}水上藝人，古名「團結」。
|-
|'''基尼奇'''||草||大劍||五之初||{{專|懸木人}}步遞，古名「回火」。
|-
|'''希洛寧'''||岩||劍||五之一||{{專|回聲之子}}冶工，古名「祝福」。
|-
|'''恰斯卡'''||風||弓||五之二||{{專|花羽會}}仲裁，古名「超越」。
|-
|歐洛倫||雷||弓||五之二||{{專|煙謎主}}英雄，古名「奉獻」。
|-
|'''瑪薇卡'''||火||大劍||五之三||{{專|懸木人}}戰士，以人身升火神，古名「領袖」。
|-
|'''悉拉莉'''||冰||法器||五之三||{{專|煙謎主}}法師，年二百餘歲，古名「記憶」。
|-
|'''瓦雷莎'''||雷||徒手||五之五||{{專|沃陸之邦}}農婦、食客、鬥士，無古名。
|-
|伊安珊||雷||戈矛||五之五||{{專|沃陸之邦}}健身師，自勝族人形短，古名「力量」。
|-
|伊法||風||法器||五之六||{{專|花羽會}}龍醫，古名不知。
|}

===至冬===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|'''達達利亞'''||水||弓||一之一||{{專|愚人眾}}十一士之末，諱「埃阿斯」，亦大敵。
|-
|'''阿雷奇諾'''||火||戈矛||四之六||{{專|愚人眾}}十一士之四，諱「佩露薇利·斯涅日夫娜」，亦大敵。
|-
|伊涅芙||雷||待明||機器人。
|}

==原魔==
===普通原魔===
*七元素史莱姆，大小二種。
*丘丘人，多坎瑞亞人受詛所致。

==參見==
* [[崩壞學園]]
** [[崩壞學園二|其二]]
** [[崩壞三|其三]]
* [[崩壞星穹鐵道]]
* [[絕區零]]

==註==
&lt;references group=&quot;註&quot;/&gt;
[[Category:中華人民共和國電子遊戲]]</text>
      <sha1>kb0vhsgym1bea1m70iky4477tf21rdn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418448</id>
      <parentid>418447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T12:18:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>西城東路</username>
        <id>109119</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* 三年 */ 正體字</comment>
      <origin>418448</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16111" sha1="53uegbegwg9p82j1cyjlhcqn7tm7hac" xml:space="preserve">'''原神'''者，乃[[上海]][[:zh:米哈游|米哈遊]]所創之[[電子遊戲]]也。其公測始於庚子之春，同時發中英日韓四語服務器，由''[[:zh:米哈游|識隙之城]]''營運之。
[[檔案:Genshin Impact wordmark.svg|替代文字|縮圖|英文名&quot;Genshin Impact&quot; 。]]

==簡述==
有一世，謂曰提瓦{{按|[[希伯來語]]云「תֵּבָה」，乃「篋」「方舟」之意}}；有一事，謂曰坎瑞亞災變。坎瑞亞乃提瓦之國，某日有一神降臨，其名曰「天理之維繫者」，滅坎瑞亞。有二旅人，謂「空」「熒」，見此景，欲離，遭「天理」之阻並遭囚錮，二人散約五世紀之久，其一爲尋其二，決旅於提瓦。

==編年==
===始年===
春，{{專|西風騎士團}}長遠征列國。

六月，旅人寤，釣天神{{專|派蒙}}出東海。

八月，旅人上{{專|蒙德城}}。平深淵於三風廟，爲風神取天琴，平龍患。愚人八首「女士」竊風神之心。

九月，旅人至{{專|璃月}}，岩王詐崩，七星率軍控場。愚人末首「公子」作亂，旅人平之。

十月，隕星落，使人昏睡。愚人六首「散兵」作亂二國，{{專|莫娜}}、{{專|菲謝}}歸之，乃知{{專|提瓦}}天虛。

===元年===
二月，會旅人賞節{{專|璃月}}，{{專|戴因斯雷布}}入{{專|蒙德}}。

四月，{{專|果酒湖}}水發苦，不久復甘。

七月，旅人入{{專|稻妻}}之國，與雷神戰，不勝，走{{專|海祇島}}{{按|[[琉球]]之於提瓦}}。

八月，旅人入{{專|珊瑚宮軍}}，抗雷神幕府。

九月，追至將軍府，盡誅愚人眾離間稻妻者，克將軍，廢眼狩令。

===二年===
正月，天權重建天府，賀以雲戲。

二月，{{專|稻妻}}廢鎖國令。

四月，旅人深入{{專|層岩巨淵}}，得其妹簪花。

五月，稻妻與蒙德、璃月修好。

六月，{{專|璃月|夜蘭}}問天樞改易之事。

八月，旅人入{{專|須彌}}，觀草神誕日輪迴，知{{專|教令院}}與愚人次首「博士」合謀造神。

九月，{{專|蒙德|米卡施密}}歸國；旅人入{{專|須彌}}大漠，盡力以克「博士」及合謀之賢者。

十月，草神誕日，「散兵」自謂成神；旅行者來而敗「散兵」，舉國歡慶。

十一月，「散兵」解職，為「流浪者」。人不復知有「散兵」。

十二月，旅人習牌戲「七聖召喚」。

===三年===
正月，{{專|夜蘭}}升天樞。

三月，{{專|須彌}}三人會{{專|蒙德|風花節}}，與修好。

四月，旅人復草龍王於{{專|須彌|楓丹}}界。

八月，旅人過{{專|須彌}}大漠，入{{專|楓丹}}，見「僕人」三子戲法。水神以群殺案故，囚「公子」於水下。

九月，水龍王{{專|那維萊特}}囚旅人於「公子」同處四十五日，不久盡沒水中。

十月，水淹{{專|楓丹}}，旅人釋；水神{{專|芙卡洛斯}}自決，讓位於水龍王，然後水災自止。

十二月，{{專|稻妻|社奉行}}會盟{{專|楓丹}}，以僑建交。

===四年===
春，水神復位，采茶{{專|璃月|沉玉谷}}。

四月，「僕人」旅人入海，探海中{{專|勒穆利亞}}{{按|古羅馬至於提瓦}}遺址。

六月，旅人過{{專|須彌}}，與其親會，聞「命運之織機」將成。

八月，旅人入{{專|納塔}}，聞火神非神，人也。

九月，{{專|卡齊娜}}入夜神之國，旅人遂與{{專|納塔}}六族英雄各一尋之，得。

十月，淵藪遍行{{專|納塔}}，「煙謎主」英雄{{專|歐洛倫}}與「隊長」同謀，欲除國人記憶以復國；覺，治。

十一月，淵藪盡退。

===五年===
正月，旅人與火神敗淵藪之王{{專|古髓突}}；「隊長」葬身弭患。{{專|納塔}}人復出國。

二月，{{專|稻妻}}三川花祠，歸僑。

三月，旅人入{{專|納塔}}火山，遍尋古跡。

四月，旅人復至{{專|蒙德}}，會{{專|風花節}}而不興；{{專|阿貝多}}以罪莫須有，破{{專|魔女會}}棋局；魔龍{{專|杜林}}化人形。

五月，{{專|楓丹}}廚賽，購{{專|納塔}}果蔬。

六月，旅人入坎瑞亞。

==用語==
===元素===
玩家可用之力，各角之元素皆異，其力多自於「神之眼」。元素有七，曰火、水、風、雷、草、冰、岩。

===神之眼、神之心===
元素力之源，各角皆有神之眼或神之心，唯前為供人之用，後為供神之用。神之心乃「天理」所賜；神之眼乃各神所賜。神可奪心，人可奪眼。
{{stub}}

===諸國===
序以旅人之行。
{| class=wikitable
!國號!!考源!!神!!神號!!神力!!政府!!理念
|-
|蒙德||[[日耳曼]][[歐洲]]||巴巴托斯||神主||風||西風騎士團||自由
|-
|璃月||[[中國]]||摩拉克斯||帝君||岩||七星||契約
|-
|稻妻||[[日本]]||巴爾||雷電將軍||雷||幕府||永恆
|-
|須彌||[[漢字]]以外[[亞洲]]&lt;br&gt;北[[非洲]]||布耶爾||小吉祥草王||草||教令院||智慧
|-
|楓丹||[[羅曼語族|拉丁歐洲]]||弗卡洛斯||四眾之女王||水||沫芒宮||正義
|-
|納塔||[[美洲]]&lt;br&gt;南[[非洲]]&lt;br&gt;[[大洋洲]]||哈拜利||領袖||火||酋長會&lt;br&gt;{{按|内名「話事處」}}||戰爭
|-
|至冬||[[斯拉夫語族|斯拉夫歐洲]]||不明||女皇||冰||愚人眾||憐愛
|}

==各角==
五星者重。

武器：近戰四類，[[劍]]、[[大劍]]{{按|大劍可以采礦}}、戈矛、徒手{{按|徒手者以法器用力}}；遠戰二類，法器、[[弓]]。
===蒙德===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|安柏||火||弓||初||{{專|西風騎士團}}偵察，無士卒可用。
|-
|凱亞{{按|亞伯李希氏}}||冰||劍||初||{{專|坎瑞亞}}人，{{專|西風騎士團}}騎總。
|-
|麗莎{{按|敏兹氏}}||雷||法器||初||魔女，亦國家圖書館長。
|-
|芭芭拉{{按|佩奇氏}}||水||法器||初||{{專|西風教會}}牧師，{{專|琴}}之妹。
|-
|雷澤||雷||大劍||初||狼飼之孤兒。
|-
|菲謝{{按|·馮·露弗施洛斯·那菲多特氏}}||雷||弓||初||{{專|冒險家協會}}調查員，自命「斷罪皇女」。
|-
|諾艾爾||岩||大劍||初||{{專|西風騎士團}}女侍，力入士籍。
|-
|班尼特||火||弓||初||{{專|冒險家協會}}分隊長，尋於{{專|納塔|燼寂海}}。
|-
|砂糖||風||法器||初||生命術士，從{{專|白堊}}。
|-
|'''琴'''{{按|古恩希德氏}}||風||劍||初||{{專|西風騎士團}}副帥，{{專|芭芭拉}}之姊。
|-
|'''迪陸'''{{按|萊艮芬德氏}}||火||大劍||初||{{專|凱亞}}之前任、養兄，今爲酒商。
|-
|'''莫娜'''{{按|阿斯托洛吉斯·莫娜·梅姬斯圖斯全名}}||水||法器||初||占星家，從{{專|魔女會}}。
|-
|'''溫迪'''||風||弓||初||風神{{專|巴巴托斯}}。
|-
|'''可莉'''||火||法器||一之初||異界精靈，{{專|西風騎士團}}炮兵。
|-
|迪奧娜{{按|凱茨萊茵氏}}||冰||弓||一之一||貓人，{{專|貓尾酒館}}酒保。
|-
|'''阿貝多'''||岩||劍||一之二||{{專|西風騎士團}}調查隊長、煉金長。&lt;br&gt;{{專|坎瑞亞}}人{{專|萊茵多特}}所製人形。
|-
|羅莎莉亞||冰||戈矛||一之四||{{專|西風教會}}修女。
|-
|'''歐拉'''{{按|勞倫斯氏}}||冰||大劍||一之五||{{專|西風騎士團}}游擊長，於家、於團皆見譖。
|-
|米卡{{按|施密氏}}||冰||戈矛||三之五||{{專|西風騎士團}}測繪員，從主帥遠征，二年而歸。
|-
|塔利雅||水||戈矛||五之七||{{專|西風教會}}司鐸。
|}

===璃月===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|卯香菱||火||戈矛||初||{{專|萬民堂}}{{按|在璃月港東}}主厨，掌門之女子。
|-
|　北斗||雷||大劍||初||{{專|南十字船隊}}司令，以徒手戰海妖名天下。
|-
|　行秋||水||劍||初||{{專|飛雲商會}}主人次子，習古華武術，志在復興。
|-
|　凝光||岩||法器||初||[[天權]]星君，七國首富，建群玉閣於{{專|港}}西以爲居，亦爲戰備。
|-
|　重雲||冰||大劍||初||{{專|天衡山}}方士，以其純陽之體，妖魔未見即去。
|-
|　'''七七'''||冰||劍||初||[[僵尸]]女童，爲{{專|白朮}}采草藥。
|-
|　'''刻晴'''||雷||劍||初||[[玉衡]]星君，以國運由人不由神仙，大行其是。
|-
|　'''鍾離'''||岩||戈矛||一之一||岩王帝君{{專|摩拉克斯}}，隱於市井。
|-
|　辛焱||火||大劍||一之一||歌手，習{{專|楓丹}}搖滾之樂，爲千岩軍{{按|璃月國軍}}所逐。
|-
|　'''甘雨'''||冰||弓||一之二||半[[麒麟]]，三千年來常任[[七星]]總書記。
|-
|　　'''魈'''||風||戈矛||一之三||六夜叉之獨存者，封金鵬大將。
|-
|'''胡　桃'''||火||戈矛||一之三||胡氏七十七代司葬，好詩文。
|-
|　煙緋||火||法器||一之五||大法官，[[獬豸]]與人所生。
|-
|　'''申鶴'''||冰||戈矛||二之四||天衡方士，{{專|重雲}}姨母，{{專|留雲借風真君}}弟子。
|-
|雲　堇||岩||戈矛||二之四||「雲瀚社」戲子，名揚内外。
|-
|　'''夜蘭'''||水||弓||二之七||總務司、天權典密，號「岩上茶室主人」。
|-
|　瑤瑤||草||戈矛||三之四||{{專|歌塵浪市真君}}弟子，{{專|卯香菱}}之少者，助{{專|甘雨}}。
|-
|　'''白朮'''||草||法器||三之六||太醫，居{{專|港}}西北{{專|不卜廬}}。
|-
|　'''閑雲'''||風||法器||四之四||{{專|留雲借風真君}}，青鶴所化。
|-
|葉嘉明||火||大劍||四之四||鏢者，兼以舞獅爲業。
|-
|藍　硯||風||法器||五之三||草編藝人，居翹英莊。
|}

===稻妻===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|'''楓原　萬葉'''||風||劍||一之六||浪人，入{{專|璃月|北斗}}之下。
|-
|'''神里　綾華'''||冰||劍||二之初||{{專|社奉行}}推定繼承人，號「白鷺公主」。
|-
|　　　早柚||風||大劍||二之初||{{專|社奉行}}忍者，自忌形短。
|-
|'''長野原　宵宮'''||火||弓||二之初||炮仗師，國人號曰「夏祭之女王」。
|-
|'''雷電　將軍'''||雷||戈矛||二之一||雷神{{專|巴爾}}，諱'''影'''。
|-
|九條　裟羅||雷||弓||二之一||天狗，幕府軍大將，{{專|天領奉行}}主{{專|九條孝行}}養子。
|-
|'''珊瑚宮　心海'''||水||法器||二之一||{{專|海祇島}}{{按|六大島之西者}}主祭，與幕府不和。
|-
|　　　托馬{{按|蒙德人}}||火||戈矛||二之二||{{專|社奉行}}侍者，尋父而來。
|-
|'''荒瀧　一斗'''||岩||大劍||二之三||赤鬼，以其族，多獲罪於人，故自立門戶。
|-
|　　　五郎||岩||弓||二之三||{{專|海祇島}}軍大將。
|-
|'''神里　綾人'''||水||劍||二之五||{{專|社奉行}}主，{{專|綾華}}兄。
|-
|'''八重　神子'''||雷||法器||二之六||四尾狐，{{專|鳴神大社}}{{按|在主島高山上，島故名}}主祭。
|-
|久岐　忍||雷||劍||二之七||{{專|荒瀧一斗}}之副，學律法於{{專|璃月|煙緋}}。
|-
|鹿野院　平藏||風||徒手||二之八||{{專|天領奉行}}偵探。
|-
|　　　綺良良||草||劍||三之七||貓又，爲急遞於七國。
|-
|　　　'''千織'''||岩||劍||四之五||{{專|小倉屋}}{{按|在稻妻城街西側}}裁縫，出逃{{專|楓丹}}以得自主。
|-
|'''夢見月　瑞希'''||風||法器||五之四||貘，喜食人夢。
|}

===須彌===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|'''提納里'''||草||弓||三之初||生論學者，於林區護民、破死域{{按|林區災害，令敵强我弱}}。
|-
|柯萊||草||弓||三之初||護林員，修於{{專|提納里}}。
|-
|多莉{{按|桑格瑪哈巴依氏}}||雷||大劍||三之初||富甲{{專|須彌}}，自建宮室於林區東北。
|-
|'''賽諾'''||雷||戈矛||三之一||{{專|教令院}}典紀，素論派所出。
|-
|坎蒂絲||水||戈矛||三之一||{{專|阿如村}}{{按|在沙海東近林處}}守衛。
|-
|'''妮露'''||水||劍||三之一||{{專|須彌城}}下{{專|祖拜爾}}之舞者。
|-
|'''納西妲'''||草||法器||三之二||草神{{專|布耶爾}}。
|-
|萊依拉||冰||劍||三之二||明論學者，以論失眠。
|-
|'''流浪者'''||風||法器||三之三||{{專|稻妻|雷電將軍}}所作人偶，放浪七國。{{註|入{{專|須彌}}時爲愚人眾十一士之六；旅人與之戰，勝，令重置之。}}
|-
|琺露珊||風||弓||三之三||知論學者，困於赤王陵百年。
|-
|'''艾爾海森'''||草||劍||三之四||教令院書記，知論派所出。
|-
|'''迪希雅'''||火||大劍||三之五||鍍金旅團傭兵，護{{專|旅人}}。
|-
|卡維||草||大劍||三之六||妙論學者，司營造於國土。
|-
|塞索斯||雷||戈矛||四之七||{{專|緘默之殿}}主人，{{專|赫曼努比}}之身。
|}

===楓丹===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|'''林尼'''{{按|雪奈維奇茨氏}}||火||弓||四之初||國之幻士，{{專|佩露薇利}}養子。
|-
|琳妮特{{按|雪奈夫娜氏}}||風||劍||四之初||{{專|林尼}}之妹，亦助手，以貓耳貓尾見疏。
|-
|菲米尼{{按|雪奈維奇氏}}||冰||大劍||四之初||國之潛水員，{{專|佩露薇利}}養子。
|-
|'''那維列'''||水||法器||四之一||水龍王，代神行政。
|-
|'''萊子利'''{{按|公，國號不詳}}||冰||徒手||四之一||{{專|楓丹}}典獄，以殺養父母入囚。
|-
|'''芙寧娜'''{{按|德楓丹氏}}||水||劍||四之二||水神{{專|弗加洛}}所造人形，代神行事，亦爲三代水神。
|-
|夏洛蒂||冰||法器||四之二||蒸汽鳥報社記者。
|-
|'''娜維婭'''{{按|卡薩帕氏}}||岩||大劍||四之三||{{專|刺玫會}}長，及有司所不及。
|-
|夏沃蕾||火||戈矛||四之三||{{專|特巡隊}}長。
|-
|'''克洛琳'''||雷||劍||四之七||不敗之鬥士，嘗殺{{專|娜維婭}}父{{專|卡雷斯}}。
|-
|'''希格雯'''||水||弓||四之七||{{專|梅洛彼得堡}}{{按|有監獄之用，在水下}}護長，水妖化人形者。
|-
|'''艾梅莉'''||草||戈矛||四之八||國之尚香，助{{專|特巡隊}}破案。
|-
|'''愛可菲'''||冰||戈矛||五之六||{{專|德波飯店}}{{按|在楓丹廷内西南}}後廚。
|}

===納塔===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|卡齊娜||岩||戈矛||五之初||{{專|回聲之子}}礦工，古名「堅强」。
|-
|'''瑪拉妮'''||水||法器||五之初||{{專|流泉之眾}}水上藝人，古名「團結」。
|-
|'''基尼奇'''||草||大劍||五之初||{{專|懸木人}}步遞，古名「回火」。
|-
|'''希洛寧'''||岩||劍||五之一||{{專|回聲之子}}冶工，古名「祝福」。
|-
|'''恰斯卡'''||風||弓||五之二||{{專|花羽會}}仲裁，古名「超越」。
|-
|歐洛倫||雷||弓||五之二||{{專|煙謎主}}英雄，古名「奉獻」。
|-
|'''瑪薇卡'''||火||大劍||五之三||{{專|懸木人}}戰士，以人身升火神，古名「領袖」。
|-
|'''悉拉莉'''||冰||法器||五之三||{{專|煙謎主}}法師，年二百餘歲，古名「記憶」。
|-
|'''瓦雷莎'''||雷||徒手||五之五||{{專|沃陸之邦}}農婦、食客、鬥士，無古名。
|-
|伊安珊||雷||戈矛||五之五||{{專|沃陸之邦}}健身師，自勝族人形短，古名「力量」。
|-
|伊法||風||法器||五之六||{{專|花羽會}}龍醫，古名不知。
|}

===至冬===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!名!!原力!!武器!!發佈!!概要
|-
|'''達達利亞'''||水||弓||一之一||{{專|愚人眾}}十一士之末，諱「埃阿斯」，亦大敵。
|-
|'''阿雷奇諾'''||火||戈矛||四之六||{{專|愚人眾}}十一士之四，諱「佩露薇利·斯涅日夫娜」，亦大敵。
|-
|伊涅芙||雷||待明||機器人。
|}

==原魔==
===普通原魔===
*七元素史莱姆，大小二種。
*丘丘人，多坎瑞亞人受詛所致。

==參見==
* [[崩壞學園]]
** [[崩壞學園二|其二]]
** [[崩壞三|其三]]
* [[崩壞星穹鐵道]]
* [[絕區零]]

==註==
&lt;references group=&quot;註&quot;/&gt;
[[Category:中華人民共和國電子遊戲]]</text>
      <sha1>53uegbegwg9p82j1cyjlhcqn7tm7hac</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:Divinations</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>125228</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418471</id>
      <parentid>411963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T05:15:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AramilFeraxa</username>
        <id>98569</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>AramilFeraxa遷頁[[用戶討論:Jet Pilot]]至[[用戶討論:Divinations]]：當重新命名使用者「[[Special:CentralAuth/Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]]」至「[[Special:CentralAuth/Divinations|Divinations]]」時自動移動頁面</comment>
      <origin>411876</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="206" sha1="i0ob8yu6jtvboei8ufq9s4x4z5n68v8" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Tres Libras}}

-- [[user:WAN233|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #007FFF;&quot;&gt;启明&lt;/span&gt;]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二四年一二月三日 （二） 二二時一五分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>i0ob8yu6jtvboei8ufq9s4x4z5n68v8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶:Shira the Mogul</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>128418</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418452</id>
      <parentid>418428</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T14:58:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shira the Mogul</username>
        <id>107029</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* 書 */</comment>
      <origin>418452</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="137" sha1="n8vdbefnsrr9h4jyjvh073kj1p63mjy" xml:space="preserve">敬候安。妾，英人慕華者也。一介書生也。

==書==
* [[長鬣蜥]]
* [[九尾狐]]
* [[鴆]]
* [[顒]]
* [[八尺大人]]</text>
      <sha1>n8vdbefnsrr9h4jyjvh073kj1p63mjy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418453</id>
      <parentid>418452</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T15:00:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shira the Mogul</username>
        <id>107029</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>418453</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="154" sha1="refehq3bgpfjuw6ws4xagwth07ekmya" xml:space="preserve">{{Babel|lzh-3}}

敬候安。妾，英人慕華者也。一介書生也。

==書==
* [[長鬣蜥]]
* [[九尾狐]]
* [[鴆]]
* [[顒]]
* [[八尺大人]]</text>
      <sha1>refehq3bgpfjuw6ws4xagwth07ekmya</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:西城東路</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128574</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418446</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T12:07:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418446</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="206" sha1="kx9ocxdd8twmhdsd2uhivjo3cu1asdl" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=西城東路}}

-- [[用戶:Davidzdh|&lt;font color=&quot;#008B8B&quot;&gt;关山&lt;/font&gt;]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二五年六月二三日 （一） 一二時〇七分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>kx9ocxdd8twmhdsd2uhivjo3cu1asdl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:CRea80</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128575</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418450</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T13:44:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418450</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="200" sha1="t41v3o0ryn5nns78dl9qbldf3mykmp7" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=CRea80}}

-- [[用戶:Davidzdh|&lt;font color=&quot;#008B8B&quot;&gt;关山&lt;/font&gt;]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二五年六月二三日 （一） 一三時四四分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>t41v3o0ryn5nns78dl9qbldf3mykmp7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>稿:八尺大人</title>
    <ns>106</ns>
    <id>128576</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418451</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T14:55:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shira the Mogul</username>
        <id>107029</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>透過翻譯頁面 &quot;[[:zh:Special:Redirect/revision/79945698|八尺大人]]&quot;  建立</comment>
      <origin>418451</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2910" sha1="33oiq8rce4oohd4zeekl7crtass15bx" xml:space="preserve">八尺大人者（{{jpn|hg=はっしゃくさま|rm=Hasshaku-sama|j=八尺様}}），日本西元二〇〇八年怪異之屬也。初現於2channel秘學版。初傳云，其形乃八尺婦人。{{R|careerconnection}}

== 性 ==
據首述者所載：嘗有童子歸鄉省親，見祖父母。童子窺垣而見巨女。其狀如女，有素裝也。恆遊於村野。行輒作「啵啵」聲。聲若女童，而形巨甚。蓋聞善祟童子，攝之勿返；觸之者立斃。&lt;ref name=&quot;careerconnection&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.careerconnection.jp/entame/15301/|script-title=ja:「コトリバコ」「ひとりかくれんぼ」「八尺様」　怪談ライターが選ぶネット上の怖い話ベスト5|publisher=キャリコネ|date=2015-08-14|accessdate=2021-08-23|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827124635/https://news.careerconnection.jp/entame/15301/|dead-url=no|title=「コトリバコ」「ひとりかくれんぼ」「八尺様」　怪談ライターが選ぶネット上の怖い話ベスト5|language=ja|author=松本ミゾレ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=朝里樹|publisher=[[星海社]]|year=2021|page=一百十八到一百十九|isbn=978-4065243282|title=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=朝里樹|title=日本のおかしな現代妖怪図鑑|publisher=[[幻冬舍|幻冬舎]]|year=2018|isbn=978-4344979857}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 反應 ==
八尺大人之名，傳於天下，類乎[[取子箱]]與[[山之件]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.j-cast.com/2020/10/22397219.html?p=all|script-title=ja:「きさらぎ駅」テレビ登場でトレンド入り　「多分今日寝れない」「すごく鳥肌」|publisher=ジェイ・キャスト|date=2020-10-22|accessdate=2021-08-23|archive-date=2021-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117130605/https://www.j-cast.com/2020/10/22397219.html?p=all|dead-url=no|title=「きさらぎ駅」テレビ登場でトレンド入り　「多分今日寝れない」「すごく鳥肌」|author=無名|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;。畫者多途其形。&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20210803-wadai5/|script-title=ja: 【都市伝説】口裂け女VS八尺様!? 道端でばったり出くわした女妖怪、その意外な結末とは? - 「めっちゃ素敵やん」「この3人になら驚かされたい!」とツイッターで話題に|publisher=マイナビニュース|date=2021-08-03|accessdate=2021-08-23|archive-date=2021-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824171518/https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20210803-wadai5/|dead-url=no|title=【都市伝説】口裂け女VS八尺様!? 道端でばったり出くわした女妖怪、その意外な結末とは? - 「めっちゃ素敵やん」「この3人になら驚かされたい!」とツイッターで話題に|language=ja|author=CHIGAKO}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 據 ==
{{Reflist|2}}{{传说生物}}
[[分類:日本]]</text>
      <sha1>33oiq8rce4oohd4zeekl7crtass15bx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418454</id>
      <parentid>418451</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T15:01:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shira the Mogul</username>
        <id>107029</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>418454</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2894" sha1="8r9ferimfpywup8269noe6fbaw9ue9s" xml:space="preserve">八尺大人者（{{jpn|hg=はっしゃくさま|rm=Hasshaku-sama|j=八尺様}}），日本西元二〇〇八年怪異之屬也。初現於2channel秘學版。初傳云，其形乃八尺婦人。{{R|careerconnection}}

== 性 ==
據首述者所載：嘗有童子歸鄉省親，見祖父母。童子窺垣而見巨女。其狀如女，有素裝也。恆遊於村野。行輒作「啵啵」聲。聲若女童，而形巨甚。蓋聞善祟童子，攝之勿返；觸之者立斃。&lt;ref name=&quot;careerconnection&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.careerconnection.jp/entame/15301/|script-title=ja:「コトリバコ」「ひとりかくれんぼ」「八尺様」　怪談ライターが選ぶネット上の怖い話ベスト5|publisher=キャリコネ|date=2015-08-14|accessdate=2021-08-23|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827124635/https://news.careerconnection.jp/entame/15301/|dead-url=no|title=「コトリバコ」「ひとりかくれんぼ」「八尺様」　怪談ライターが選ぶネット上の怖い話ベスト5|language=ja|author=松本ミゾレ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=朝里樹|publisher=[[星海社]]|year=2021|page=一百十八到一百十九|isbn=978-4065243282|title=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=朝里樹|title=日本のおかしな現代妖怪図鑑|publisher=[[幻冬舍|幻冬舎]]|year=2018|isbn=978-4344979857}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 反應 ==
八尺大人之名，傳於天下，類乎[[取子箱]]與[[山之件]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.j-cast.com/2020/10/22397219.html?p=all|script-title=ja:「きさらぎ駅」テレビ登場でトレンド入り　「多分今日寝れない」「すごく鳥肌」|publisher=ジェイ・キャスト|date=2020-10-22|accessdate=2021-08-23|archive-date=2021-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117130605/https://www.j-cast.com/2020/10/22397219.html?p=all|dead-url=no|title=「きさらぎ駅」テレビ登場でトレンド入り　「多分今日寝れない」「すごく鳥肌」|author=無名|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;。畫者多途其形。&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20210803-wadai5/|script-title=ja: 【都市伝説】口裂け女VS八尺様!? 道端でばったり出くわした女妖怪、その意外な結末とは? - 「めっちゃ素敵やん」「この3人になら驚かされたい!」とツイッターで話題に|publisher=マイナビニュース|date=2021-08-03|accessdate=2021-08-23|archive-date=2021-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824171518/https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20210803-wadai5/|dead-url=no|title=【都市伝説】口裂け女VS八尺様!? 道端でばったり出くわした女妖怪、その意外な結末とは? - 「めっちゃ素敵やん」「この3人になら驚かされたい!」とツイッターで話題に|language=ja|author=CHIGAKO}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 據 ==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[分類:日本]]</text>
      <sha1>8r9ferimfpywup8269noe6fbaw9ue9s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418476</id>
      <parentid>418454</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T08:38:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shunshen Lee</username>
        <id>68656</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Shunshen Lee已移動頁面[[八尺大人]]至[[稿:八尺大人]]，不留重新導向：尚須斟酌</comment>
      <origin>418454</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2894" sha1="8r9ferimfpywup8269noe6fbaw9ue9s" xml:space="preserve">八尺大人者（{{jpn|hg=はっしゃくさま|rm=Hasshaku-sama|j=八尺様}}），日本西元二〇〇八年怪異之屬也。初現於2channel秘學版。初傳云，其形乃八尺婦人。{{R|careerconnection}}

== 性 ==
據首述者所載：嘗有童子歸鄉省親，見祖父母。童子窺垣而見巨女。其狀如女，有素裝也。恆遊於村野。行輒作「啵啵」聲。聲若女童，而形巨甚。蓋聞善祟童子，攝之勿返；觸之者立斃。&lt;ref name=&quot;careerconnection&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.careerconnection.jp/entame/15301/|script-title=ja:「コトリバコ」「ひとりかくれんぼ」「八尺様」　怪談ライターが選ぶネット上の怖い話ベスト5|publisher=キャリコネ|date=2015-08-14|accessdate=2021-08-23|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827124635/https://news.careerconnection.jp/entame/15301/|dead-url=no|title=「コトリバコ」「ひとりかくれんぼ」「八尺様」　怪談ライターが選ぶネット上の怖い話ベスト5|language=ja|author=松本ミゾレ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=朝里樹|publisher=[[星海社]]|year=2021|page=一百十八到一百十九|isbn=978-4065243282|title=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=朝里樹|title=日本のおかしな現代妖怪図鑑|publisher=[[幻冬舍|幻冬舎]]|year=2018|isbn=978-4344979857}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 反應 ==
八尺大人之名，傳於天下，類乎[[取子箱]]與[[山之件]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.j-cast.com/2020/10/22397219.html?p=all|script-title=ja:「きさらぎ駅」テレビ登場でトレンド入り　「多分今日寝れない」「すごく鳥肌」|publisher=ジェイ・キャスト|date=2020-10-22|accessdate=2021-08-23|archive-date=2021-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117130605/https://www.j-cast.com/2020/10/22397219.html?p=all|dead-url=no|title=「きさらぎ駅」テレビ登場でトレンド入り　「多分今日寝れない」「すごく鳥肌」|author=無名|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;。畫者多途其形。&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20210803-wadai5/|script-title=ja: 【都市伝説】口裂け女VS八尺様!? 道端でばったり出くわした女妖怪、その意外な結末とは? - 「めっちゃ素敵やん」「この3人になら驚かされたい!」とツイッターで話題に|publisher=マイナビニュース|date=2021-08-03|accessdate=2021-08-23|archive-date=2021-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824171518/https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20210803-wadai5/|dead-url=no|title=【都市伝説】口裂け女VS八尺様!? 道端でばったり出くわした女妖怪、その意外な結末とは? - 「めっちゃ素敵やん」「この3人になら驚かされたい!」とツイッターで話題に|language=ja|author=CHIGAKO}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 據 ==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[分類:日本]]</text>
      <sha1>8r9ferimfpywup8269noe6fbaw9ue9s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:J.A vvicth</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128577</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418459</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T18:50:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418459</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="182" sha1="svrozki2pjkq4apllna9lnf7ns887vo" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=J.A vvicth}}

-- [[用戶:Itsmine|孔明居士]] ([[用戶討論:Itsmine|對話]]) 二〇二五年六月二三日 （一） 一八時五〇分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>svrozki2pjkq4apllna9lnf7ns887vo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:C9m8r1shty</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128578</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418461</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T20:29:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418461</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="182" sha1="swt8vpejek3qmu1cgc0v4bj9cw1a5tn" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=C9m8r1shty}}

-- [[用戶:Itsmine|孔明居士]] ([[用戶討論:Itsmine|對話]]) 二〇二五年六月二三日 （一） 二〇時二九分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>swt8vpejek3qmu1cgc0v4bj9cw1a5tn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:Liallen</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128579</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418462</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-23T21:19:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418462</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="249" sha1="6p0pn9zf57flyol17rfsf76w3iiviyk" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Liallen}}

-- &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:0 1px 5px #66f9cf;&quot;&gt;[[User:MintCandy|薄荷糖]]&lt;/span&gt;敬上 &lt;small&gt;（[[User talk:MintCandy|議]]）&lt;/small&gt; 二〇二五年六月二三日 （一） 二一時一九分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>6p0pn9zf57flyol17rfsf76w3iiviyk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:Anderson198369</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128580</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418465</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T02:06:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418465</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="208" sha1="2tgkm53pul76rbyg8qniln0apgywe0o" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Anderson198369}}

-- [[用戶:Davidzdh|&lt;font color=&quot;#008B8B&quot;&gt;关山&lt;/font&gt;]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二五年六月二四日 （二） 〇二時〇六分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>2tgkm53pul76rbyg8qniln0apgywe0o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:Omar Hall</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128581</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418466</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T02:17:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418466</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="251" sha1="646yzqt649ikli8i072giza6rn3ekwm" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Omar Hall}}

-- &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:0 1px 5px #66f9cf;&quot;&gt;[[User:MintCandy|薄荷糖]]&lt;/span&gt;敬上 &lt;small&gt;（[[User talk:MintCandy|議]]）&lt;/small&gt; 二〇二五年六月二四日 （二） 〇二時一七分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>646yzqt649ikli8i072giza6rn3ekwm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:Carson1125</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128582</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418468</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T03:04:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418468</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="205" sha1="pyqxjhk49gmk9emqhed9ufeca2rn8wh" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Carson1125}}

-- [[user:WAN233|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #007FFF;&quot;&gt;启明&lt;/span&gt;]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二五年六月二四日 （二） 〇三時〇四分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>pyqxjhk49gmk9emqhed9ufeca2rn8wh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:Dauzlee</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128583</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418469</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T03:44:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418469</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="201" sha1="n6vl1oioqjsy0ucza0o9680a4vvoh02" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Dauzlee}}

-- [[用戶:Davidzdh|&lt;font color=&quot;#008B8B&quot;&gt;关山&lt;/font&gt;]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二五年六月二四日 （二） 〇三時四四分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>n6vl1oioqjsy0ucza0o9680a4vvoh02</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:Stteee</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128585</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418473</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T05:42:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418473</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="200" sha1="edypwtjolhh4adapoj2ykaa5rupc4to" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Stteee}}

-- [[用戶:Davidzdh|&lt;font color=&quot;#008B8B&quot;&gt;关山&lt;/font&gt;]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二五年六月二四日 （二） 〇五時四二分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>edypwtjolhh4adapoj2ykaa5rupc4to</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:Gen118</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128586</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418474</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T07:34:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418474</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="201" sha1="hqug201jwrq0ksb2e5fhvo3ae7ipoin" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Gen118}}

-- [[user:WAN233|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #007FFF;&quot;&gt;启明&lt;/span&gt;]][[user talk:WAN233|(留言)]] 二〇二五年六月二四日 （二） 〇七時三四分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>hqug201jwrq0ksb2e5fhvo3ae7ipoin</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:USSRJapan1</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128587</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418480</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T09:51:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418480</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="183" sha1="3h67jrpuwj0gg9lizkfl4avz4ux9js0" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=USSRJapan1}}

-- [[用戶:丁子君|丁子君]] ([[用戶討論:丁子君|對話]]) 二〇二五年六月二四日 （二） 〇九時五一分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3h67jrpuwj0gg9lizkfl4avz4ux9js0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:劉丹喆</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128589</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418484</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T10:41:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418484</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="203" sha1="km1tww361vptmdqhvwp3r4phparz1ut" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=劉丹喆}}

-- [[用戶:Davidzdh|&lt;font color=&quot;#008B8B&quot;&gt;关山&lt;/font&gt;]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|修書]]) 二〇二五年六月二四日 （二） 一〇時四一分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>km1tww361vptmdqhvwp3r4phparz1ut</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>揚三世</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128590</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418485</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T11:07:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shunshen Lee</username>
        <id>68656</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>立新文</comment>
      <origin>418485</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1986" sha1="cqs7dq74yqvzltjhzfocg7auv271fog" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Schultz John III Sobieski.jpg|200px|thumb|波蘭國王揚三世畫像]]
'''揚三世''' {{按|[[波蘭語]] Jan III Sobieski}}，諱'''索別斯基'''，[[波蘭]]人。[[西元]][[一六二九年]]八月十七日，誕於[[烏克蘭|奧萊斯科]]。王少英敏，強毅多智，頎然有異姿。稍長，好經略，習韜略，妙於騎射。當其時，波[[瑞典|瑞]]構釁，國人罹兵燹久。赫梅爾尼茨基復倡亂，海內塗炭，百廢待舉。王起而任事，整兵束伍，撫循士卒，治軍肅然。初御極，勵精圖治，整饬庶政，抑權貴，振頹弊，均賦役，恤民用，內政寧和，百姓安堵，邦基由此漸固。[[一六八三年]]，[[鄂圖曼帝國|鄂圖曼]]犯[[奧地利]]，所至皆拔，及圍[[維也納]]，聲勢熾盛，鄰國皆震懼。王聞之，乃親統勁旅馳援，旦夕匪懈，尋抵維也納，屯軍畿外。時鄂圖曼陣堅固，王躬率騎兵，自高原而下，長驅直入，屢破敵中堅&lt;ref&gt;Prochazka Jiří: &quot;1683. Vienna obsessa. Via Silesiaca&quot;. (Brno, Wien 2012), {{ISBN|978-80-903476-3-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt;。鄂軍戰輒不利，大潰，還，奧人始解圍，而歐洲全土由是粗安焉。是役也，各國咸推王稱君長，[[教宗]]表其功，敕賜「信德捍衛」號也。鄂圖曼諸將既敗，亦敬憚王驍勇，乃呼曰：「利奇斯坦[[獅]]」&lt;ref&gt;G. Platania, Polonia e Curia romana. Corrispondenza di Giovanni III Sobieski, re di Polonia, con Carlo Barberini, protettore del regno (1681–1696). Collana Barberiniana vol. 2, pp.&amp;nbsp;11–385, Viterbo, Sette Città editore, {{ISBN|978-88-7853-252-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;。王號令明審，賞罰有法，內撫百姓，外禦強敵。蓋在位凡廿二年，波蘭士庶懷德，貴族賓服，民號為中興令主也矣。[[一六九六年]]六月十七日，崩維拉諾，時年六十六。葬[[w:zh:瓦維爾主教座堂|瓦維爾主教座堂]]，立像奉祀。

==考據==
{{reflist}}

[[分類:波蘭列傳]]</text>
      <sha1>cqs7dq74yqvzltjhzfocg7auv271fog</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418486</id>
      <parentid>418485</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T11:08:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shunshen Lee</username>
        <id>68656</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Shunshen Lee遷頁[[揚三世·索別斯基]]至[[揚三世]]</comment>
      <origin>418485</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1986" sha1="cqs7dq74yqvzltjhzfocg7auv271fog" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Schultz John III Sobieski.jpg|200px|thumb|波蘭國王揚三世畫像]]
'''揚三世''' {{按|[[波蘭語]] Jan III Sobieski}}，諱'''索別斯基'''，[[波蘭]]人。[[西元]][[一六二九年]]八月十七日，誕於[[烏克蘭|奧萊斯科]]。王少英敏，強毅多智，頎然有異姿。稍長，好經略，習韜略，妙於騎射。當其時，波[[瑞典|瑞]]構釁，國人罹兵燹久。赫梅爾尼茨基復倡亂，海內塗炭，百廢待舉。王起而任事，整兵束伍，撫循士卒，治軍肅然。初御極，勵精圖治，整饬庶政，抑權貴，振頹弊，均賦役，恤民用，內政寧和，百姓安堵，邦基由此漸固。[[一六八三年]]，[[鄂圖曼帝國|鄂圖曼]]犯[[奧地利]]，所至皆拔，及圍[[維也納]]，聲勢熾盛，鄰國皆震懼。王聞之，乃親統勁旅馳援，旦夕匪懈，尋抵維也納，屯軍畿外。時鄂圖曼陣堅固，王躬率騎兵，自高原而下，長驅直入，屢破敵中堅&lt;ref&gt;Prochazka Jiří: &quot;1683. Vienna obsessa. Via Silesiaca&quot;. (Brno, Wien 2012), {{ISBN|978-80-903476-3-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt;。鄂軍戰輒不利，大潰，還，奧人始解圍，而歐洲全土由是粗安焉。是役也，各國咸推王稱君長，[[教宗]]表其功，敕賜「信德捍衛」號也。鄂圖曼諸將既敗，亦敬憚王驍勇，乃呼曰：「利奇斯坦[[獅]]」&lt;ref&gt;G. Platania, Polonia e Curia romana. Corrispondenza di Giovanni III Sobieski, re di Polonia, con Carlo Barberini, protettore del regno (1681–1696). Collana Barberiniana vol. 2, pp.&amp;nbsp;11–385, Viterbo, Sette Città editore, {{ISBN|978-88-7853-252-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;。王號令明審，賞罰有法，內撫百姓，外禦強敵。蓋在位凡廿二年，波蘭士庶懷德，貴族賓服，民號為中興令主也矣。[[一六九六年]]六月十七日，崩維拉諾，時年六十六。葬[[w:zh:瓦維爾主教座堂|瓦維爾主教座堂]]，立像奉祀。

==考據==
{{reflist}}

[[分類:波蘭列傳]]</text>
      <sha1>cqs7dq74yqvzltjhzfocg7auv271fog</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>418488</id>
      <parentid>418486</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T11:28:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shunshen Lee</username>
        <id>68656</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>418488</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2525" sha1="lw2ntlph2kmu8i2e5569igudy10ngjr" xml:space="preserve">{{Emperor
|圖   =[[File:Schultz John III Sobieski.jpg|200px]]
|稱號 =波蘭國王&lt;br&gt;立陶宛大公&lt;br&gt;揚三世陛下
|姓名 =揚三世·索別斯基
|廟號 =
|諡號 =
|陵墓 =[[w:zh:瓦維爾主教座堂|瓦維爾主教座堂]]
|政權 =[[w:zh:波蘭立陶宛聯邦|波蘭]]
|生卒 =[[西元]][[一六二九年]]八月十七日&lt;br&gt;至[[一六九六年]]六月十七日
|在位 =[[西元]][[一六七四年]]五月十九日&lt;br&gt;至[[一六九六年]]六月十七日
|年號 =
|先君 =[[w:zh:米哈烏 (波蘭國王)|米哈烏]]
|嗣君 =[[w:zh:奧古斯特二世 (波蘭)|奧古斯特二世]]
}}
'''揚三世''' {{按|[[波蘭語]] Jan III Sobieski}}，諱'''索別斯基'''，[[波蘭]]人。[[西元]][[一六二九年]]八月十七日，誕於[[烏克蘭|奧萊斯科]]。王少英敏，強毅多智，頎然有異姿。稍長，好經略，習韜略，妙於騎射。當其時，波[[瑞典|瑞]]構釁，國人罹兵燹久。赫梅爾尼茨基復倡亂，海內塗炭，百廢待舉。王起而任事，整兵束伍，撫循士卒，治軍肅然。初御極，勵精圖治，整饬庶政，抑權貴，振頹弊，均賦役，恤民用，內政寧和，百姓安堵，邦基由此漸固。[[一六八三年]]，[[鄂圖曼帝國|鄂圖曼]]入寇[[奧地利]]，所至皆拔，師薄[[維也納]]，圍城，聲勢熾盛，鄰國皆震懼。王聞之，乃親統勁旅馳援，旦夕匪懈，尋抵維也納，屯軍畿外。時鄂圖曼陣堅固，王躬率騎兵，自高原而下，長驅直入，屢破敵中堅&lt;ref&gt;Prochazka Jiří: &quot;1683. Vienna obsessa. Via Silesiaca&quot;. (Brno, Wien 2012), {{ISBN|978-80-903476-3-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt;。鄂軍戰輒不利，大潰，還，奧人始解圍，而歐洲全土由是粗安焉。是役也，各國咸推王稱君長，[[教宗]]表其功，敕賜「信德捍衛」號也。鄂圖曼諸將既敗，亦敬憚王驍勇，猶呼曰：「利奇斯坦[[獅]]」&lt;ref&gt;G. Platania, Polonia e Curia romana. Corrispondenza di Giovanni III Sobieski, re di Polonia, con Carlo Barberini, protettore del regno (1681–1696). Collana Barberiniana vol. 2, pp.&amp;nbsp;11–385, Viterbo, Sette Città editore, {{ISBN|978-88-7853-252-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;。王號令明審，賞罰有法，內撫百姓，外禦強敵。蓋在位凡廿二年，波蘭士庶懷德，貴族賓服，民號為中興令主也矣。[[一六九六年]]六月十七日，崩維拉諾，時年六十六。葬[[w:zh:瓦維爾主教座堂|瓦維爾主教座堂]]，立像奉祀。

==考據==
{{reflist}}

[[分類:波蘭列傳]]</text>
      <sha1>lw2ntlph2kmu8i2e5569igudy10ngjr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>揚三世·索別斯基</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128591</id>
    <redirect title="揚三世" />
    <revision>
      <id>418487</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T11:08:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shunshen Lee</username>
        <id>68656</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shunshen Lee遷頁[[揚三世·索別斯基]]至[[揚三世]]</comment>
      <origin>418487</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="3oxzc9eob3lqj7cijtaxksk0p68ojxs" xml:space="preserve">#重新導向 [[揚三世]]</text>
      <sha1>3oxzc9eob3lqj7cijtaxksk0p68ojxs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>用戶討論:Hlmwenjie</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>128592</id>
    <revision>
      <id>418489</id>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T11:29:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>64015</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>在新使用者的討論頁上添加[[Template:Welcome|歡迎資訊]]</comment>
      <origin>418489</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="251" sha1="69m9is2hmfkfl3s3cd48wpp4umgxodg" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Hlmwenjie}}

-- &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:0 1px 5px #66f9cf;&quot;&gt;[[User:MintCandy|薄荷糖]]&lt;/span&gt;敬上 &lt;small&gt;（[[User talk:MintCandy|議]]）&lt;/small&gt; 二〇二五年六月二四日 （二） 一一時二九分 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>69m9is2hmfkfl3s3cd48wpp4umgxodg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>