IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="zu">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
    <dbname>zuwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhasi_Elikhulu</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.22</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Media</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Special</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">User</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">User talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Wikipedia talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">File</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">File talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">MediaWiki talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Template</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Template talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Help</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Help talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Category</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Category talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1520</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121965</id>
      <parentid>121325</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T05:40:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-20538-84</username>
        <id>25808</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ushintsho Oluncane</comment>
      <origin>121965</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="49354" sha1="1goqusi4n1qmq8ezpkd8mj6xy3m0zgv" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Featured articles}}
{{Infobox izwe
|igama_ivamile
=
|igama_ikhulu
={{Collapsible list|title='''&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika&lt;/div&gt;'''
  |&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Republiek&amp;nbsp;van&amp;nbsp;Suid-Afrika&amp;nbsp;([[isiBhunu]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Republic&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;South&amp;nbsp;Africa&amp;nbsp;([[isiNgisi]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;iRiphabliki&amp;nbsp;yeSewula&amp;nbsp;Afrika&amp;nbsp;([[isiNdebele]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;iRiphabliki&amp;nbsp;yomZantsi&amp;nbsp;Afrika&amp;nbsp;([[isiXhosa]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;iRiphabhulikhi&amp;nbsp;yeNingizimu&amp;nbsp;Afrika&amp;nbsp;([[isiSwazi]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Repabliki&amp;nbsp;ya&amp;nbsp;Afrika-Borwa&amp;nbsp;([[isiSuthu sasenyakatho|isiPedi]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Rephaboliki&amp;nbsp;ya&amp;nbsp;Afrika&amp;nbsp;Borwa&amp;nbsp;([[isiSuthu]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Rephaboliki&amp;nbsp;ya&amp;nbsp;Aforika&amp;nbsp;Borwa&amp;nbsp;([[isiTswana]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Riphabliki&amp;nbsp;ra&amp;nbsp;Afrika&amp;nbsp;Dzonga&amp;nbsp;([[isiTsonga]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Riphabuḽiki&amp;nbsp;ya&amp;nbsp;Afurika&amp;nbsp;Tshipembe&amp;nbsp;([[isiVenda]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''''(banke basemthethweni)'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/theconstitution/zulu.htm|title=The Constitution in Zulu|publisher=Constitutional Court of South Africa|accessdate=3 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;}}
|igama_imvelo
=''uMzansi'' &lt;small&gt;(IsiZulu)&lt;/small&gt;
|ifulegi
=Flag of South Africa.svg
|image_coat
= Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg
|isaga
=''!ke e: /xarra //ke'' ([[/Xam]], Diverse people unite or Unity in Diversity)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.saembassy.org/coatofarms.htm|title=Embassy of the Republic of South Africa in Washington D.C. - South Africa's Coat of Arms|accessdate=2006-08-27|archive-date=2011-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527061324/http://www.saembassy.org/coatofarms.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|inkondlo_wesizwe
=[[File:&quot;Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika&quot; sung by Sol T. Plaatje in October 1923.mp3|&quot;Nkosi_Sikelel'_iAfrika&quot;_sung_by_Sol_T._Plaatje_in_October_1923]] || &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;[[File:South Africa National Anthem.ogg]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ibalazwe
=South Africa (orthographic projection).svg
|isiqongo
= [[IPitoli]]
|latd
 =
|latm
= 
|latNS
 =
|longd
= 
|longm
 =
|longEW
=
|idolobha_elikhulu
=[[IGoli]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html |title=Principal Agglomerations of the World |publisher=Citypopulation.de |accessdate=30 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|abantu
=[[abAfrika baseningizimu]]
|uhlobo_kohulumeni
=[[iRiphabhuliki wephalamende]] [[womthethosisekelo]]
|umongameli_isithakazo1
=[[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|Umengameli]]
|umongameli_igama1
=[[Cyril Ramaphosa|Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa]]
|umongameli_isithakazo2
=[[Umongameli isekela waseNingizimu Afrika|Isekela likamengameli]]
|umongameli_igama2
=[[Paul Mashatile]]
|umongameli_isithakazo3
=[[Usihlalo weNCOP]]
|umongameli_igama3
=[[Refilwe Mtsweni-Tsipane]]
|umongameli_isithakazo4
=[[Isikhulumi sephalamende]]
|umongameli_igama4
=[[Thoko Didiza]]
|umongameli_isithakazo5
=[[Chief Justice of South Africa|Chief Justice]]
|umongameli_igama5
=Mogoeng Mogoeng
|ubedala_isehlakalo1
=[[Union of South Africa|Union]]
|usuku_isehlakalo1
=31 ngoNhlaba 1910
|ubedala_isehlakalo2
=[[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]]
|usuku_isehlakalo2
=11 ngoZibandlela 1931
|ubedala_isehlakalo3
=[[South African referendum, 1960|Republic]]
|usuku_isehlakalo3
= 31 ngoNhlaba 1961
|ubedala_isehlakalo4
 =
|usuku_isehlakalo4
=
|ubukhulu_sq_mi
=471,443
|ubukhulu_km2
=1,221,037
|ubukhulu_ukuma
=25
|iphesenti_amanzi
=Ayakhohlwakala
|izilimi
=isiZulu, IsiXhosa, IsiPedi, IsiSotho, IsiVenda, IsiTsonga, Swati, IsiTswana, IsiNgisi, IsiNdebele ne Sign language 
|[[IsiZulu]]
|[[IsiVenda]]
|[[IsiXhosa]]
|[[IsiBhunu]]
|[[IsiNgisi]]
|[[IsiSotho]]
|[[IsiPedi]]
|[[IsiTswana]]
|[[IsiNdebele]]
|[[IsiTsonga]]
|[[IsiSwati]] 
|[[Sign language]]
  |[[isiBhunu]]
  |[[isiNgisi]]
  |[[isiNdebele]]
  |[[isiSuthu sasenyakatho|isiSuthu sasenyakatho (isiPedi)]]
  |[[isiSuthu]]
  |[[isiSwazi]]
  |[[isiTsonga]]
  |[[isiTswana]]
  |[[isiVenda]]
  |[[isiXhosa]]
  |[[isiZulu]]
  |[[ulimi lwezandla]]
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa
=50,586,757&lt;ref name=&quot;statssa-midyear2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=statssa-midyear2011&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022011.pdf|title=Mid-year population estimates 2011|publisher=Statistics South Africa|year=2011|accessdate=30 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census2001&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/default.asp |title=Census 2001 |publisher=Statssa.gov.za |date=10 October 2001 |accessdate=30 October 2011 |archive-date=12 December 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212080936/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/default.asp |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma
=24
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka
=2011&lt;ref name=StatsSAPopulation2010&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022010.pdf|title=Midyear population estimates: 2010|publisher=Statistics South Africa|accessdate=23 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|inani_labantu_uhlolovo
=44,819,778&lt;ref&gt;http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/default.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212080936/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/default.asp |date=2005-12-12 }} | Census 2001 at a glance | Statistics South Africa | 7 July 2008&lt;/ref&gt;
|inani_labantu_uhlolovo_inyaka
=2001
|ixuku_labantu_km2
= 41.4
|ixuku_labantu_sq_mi
 =
|ixugu_labantu_ukuma
=169
|imali
=[[iRandi]] (RSA)
}}
[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|iNingizimu Afrika]] (ngokomthetho '''iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''', ngokwesijwayelekile '''uMzansi'''), iyilizwe eningizimu le-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]. iNingizimu Afrika inemigcele namazwe ayisithupha: [[iButswana]] ne[[IZimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] ngasenyakatho, [[iMozambiki]] ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga, [[Eswatini|eSwazini]] ngasempumalanga, [[INamibhiya]] ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga. iNingizimu Afrika izungeze [[iLesotho]]. Futhi, inemigu yolwandle emibili: enye elwandlekazini yaseNdiya nenye ngaselwandlekazini yase-Atlantiki ezihlangana [[eKapa]].

Kunokuhluka kwabantu ngokwelimi, kwehlanga nakwenkolo okuningi. Kunezilimi eziyishumi nambili ngokomthetho: [[isiZulu]], [[isiNgisi]], [[isiBhunu]], [[isiTswana]], [[isiTsonga]], [[isiVenda]], [[IsiSuthu sasenyakatho|isiSuthu saseNyakatho]] (esaziwa ngokujwayelekile ngesiPedi) ne[[IsiSuthu|siSuthu saseNingizimu]], [[isiNdebele saseNingizimu]], [[isiSwazi]], [[isiXhosa]] nokuphawula ngezandla. Futhi kunabantu bomdabu abangama-Khoi-San. Kunezinhlanga ezine zabantu: [[Abantu abansundu|abaNsundu]], [[abeLungu]], [[amaNdiya]] n[[amaKhaladi]] (inhlobo yabantu elihlanganisa abantu base[[Malaysia]], abantubomdabu, nabeLungu). Kukhonzwa izinkolo eziningi njengenkolo yomdabu, ubuKhrestu (elindlula ezinkolo ngenani labalandeli bayo), i-Islamu, isiHindu nesiJuda.

Ezombangazwe zilawulwa [[UMthetho-sisekelo WaseNingizimu Afrika|nguMthethosisekelo]]. uMthethosisekelo uqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo ayahlonishwa nokuthi bonke abantu baphathwa ngokulingana. uHulumeni unamagatsha amathathu ahlolanayo ukuthi angahluli amanye: isishayamthetho ([[IPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika|iPhalamende]] ekhethwa ngabantu bonke abakhulile), igatsho lokuphatha (uMkhandlu wokuPhatha kaZwelonke), negatsha lobulungiswa ([[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo]] nezinyi izinkantolo). Lelizwe lihlanganisa izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye: [[iNtshonalanga Kapa]], [[iMpumalanga Kapa]], [[iNyakatho Kapa]], [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]], [[iFuleyisitata]], [[iNyakatho-Ntshonalanga]], [[iLimpopo]], [[IKwaZulu-Natali|kwaZulu-Natali]] [[IMpumalanga|neMpumalanga]]. Ineziqonga ezintathu: [[iPitoli]], [[IKapa|eKapa]] nase[[IBloemfontein|Bloemfontein]]. Idolobha elunkulu kunazonke lus[[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]].

Kwasukela iminyaka eyi-100,000 eyandlule, kwakuhlala amaKhoi-Sani ebaphila ngokuzulazula, ukuzingela izinyamazane nokuqoqa izitshalo zasehlathini. Kusukela iminyaka eyi-3000 eyandlule, kwaqala ukufika abantu basePhakathi Afrika abafuyayo, abalimayo, futhi abaqamba izinto nge[[Insimbi|nsimbi]]. Bafudukele eNingizimu Afrika ngamaqembu alandelanayo. Bahlangana namaKhoi-Sani, baganana, bazalelana izingane. Abazukulu babo yibona ekuthiwa ngabantu abaNsundu ebayikhulu lenani labantu abahlala eNingizimu Afrika namhlanje. Ngo-1664, kwafika abantu baseNtshonalanga [[Yurobhu]] (namhlanje baziwa ngokuthi abeLungu). 

Bahlasela, bacindezela, futhi bahlukanisa abantu bomdabu ezindaweni ezithile futhi baphuca izizwe zabantu abaNsundu amandla okuzibusa nokuzimela. Futhi, basungula umbuso wobandululo okwehlanga kusukela u-1948 makungena i-National Party embusweni. Ngenxa yomzabalazo oludonswe phambili nge-[[African National Congress]] namanye amaqembu wabantu abansundu, nangemphoqo yamanye amazwe wangaphesheya (kakhulu wase-Afrika), umbuso wabeLungu wanikela amandla okubusa ngo-1994. Manje, iNingizimu Afrika ibuswa ngentandoyeningi kodwa kusekhona izinkinga: njengokungalingani ngemali ngaphakathi kwabantu bezihlanga ezihlukene, udlame ngenxa yobugebengu, nobumpofu nobungabi nomsebenzi. Noma kunjalo, iNingizimu Afrika inothile ukundlula amazwe wonke wase-Afrika. Ihloniphekile ngaphesheya ngenxa yokumela amalungelo wabantu abacindezelwayo nokukhutaza ukusebenzisana kamazwe.

== Igama ==
Kusetshenziswa amagama ambalwa akubiza iNingizimu Afrika. &quot;IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika&quot; iyigama elide ngokoMthethosisekelo. Kodwa kunabafundi besiZulu abathu igama likaRiphabhuliki liguqulwe kuMbusobala. Kusetshenziswa igama elifushane likaMzansi (igama lesiXhosa lasemthethweni). Ngenxa yokumbumbanan kwezihlanga ezahlukile emuva kwesikhathi sobandlululo, abantu balubiza &quot;''Rainbow Nation''&quot; (Iziswe Sokwethingo). Kunabantu abafunda ukuchitha amagama onke aqondene nekolonializimu. Ngakho ke bafuma lelilizwe libizwe &quot;''Azania''&quot;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Uhlu wamagama weNingizimu Afrika ngemilimi esemthethweni
!Ulwimi
!Igama elifushane
!Igama ngokomthetho
|-
|isiBhunu
|''Suid-Afrika''
|''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''
|-
|isiNgisi
|''South Africa''
|''Republic of South Africa''
|-
|isiSuthu saseNingizimu
|''Afrika Borwa''
|''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''
|-
|isiSuthu saseNyakatho
|''Afrika-Borwa''
|''Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa''
|-
|isiSwazi
|''iNingizimu-Afrika''
|''iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika''
|-
|isiTsonga
|''Afrika Dzonga''
|''Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga''
|-
|isiTswana
|''Aforika Borwa''
|''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''
|-
|isiVenda
|''Afurika Tshipembe''
|''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe''
|-
|isiXhosa
|''uMzantsi Afrika''
|''iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika''
|}

== uHulumeni ==

=== Ezokubusa ===
[[File:Prime Minister Sunak met with President Ramaphosa of South Africa in Number 10 - 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|191x191px|[[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika]], uMnm [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]]]
uHulumeni unamagatsha amathathu anikezwe amandla angafani ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuzohlala kubuswa [[Umbuso wabantu|ngentandoyeningi]] eNingizimu Afrika:

* Isishayamthetho: [[iPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika]] linezindlu ezimbili: [[ISishayamthetho sikaZwelonke|isiGunga sikaZwelonke]] (indlu engaphansi) n[[UMkhandlu kaZwelonke weziFundazwe|oMkhandlu kaZwelonkwe weziFundazwe]] (indlu engaphezulu)
* Igatsha lokuphatha: [[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu]] Afrika noMkhandlu kaZwelonke wokuPhatha
* Igatsha lobulungiswa: [[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika]], [[INkantolo ePhakeme yokuDlulisa amaCala laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo ePhakeme yokuDlulisa amaCala]] nezinye izinkantolo

uMongameli uyinloko yombuso nenhloko yoMkhandlu kaZwelonke wokuPhatha. uMongameli uqoka aboNgqongqoshe abahola iminyango kahulumeni. uMongameli unamandla okwamkela noma ukubiyisa imithethosivivinywa ePhalamende. uMongameli ungumkhuzi omkhulu woMbutho wokuVikela waseNingizimu Afrika futhi umela ilizwe lonke ekwakheni ubudlelwane nezinye izizwe. uMongameli ukhethwa iningi lenani lwamalunga wesiGunga sikaZwelonke. Ohleli esikhundleni manje ngu-Cyril Ramaphosa owakhethwa ngo-2019 nango-2024. Akuvumelekanga ukuthi uMongameli ahlale ukundlula izikhathi ezimbili esikhundleni. uMongameli kufanele aqoka amalunga wePhalamende ukuba abangqongqoshe kodwa kuvumelekile akuthi akhethe abantu ababili ukuthi babengabangqogqoshe.

Makundlula iminyaka eyinhlanu, izakhamuzi zikhetha imihlangano zezombangazwe ukuthi zibamele esiGungeni sikaZwelonke naseziShayamthethweni zeziFundazwe. Imihlangano inikeza iKhomishini eziMele yoKhetho izihlu zamalunga afuna ukuthi bayimele esiGungeni naseziShayamthethweni. iKhomishini eziMele yoKhetho izonikeza imihlangano izihlalo esiGungeni naseziShayamthethweni ngobuningi bamavoti abawatholile ekhethweni. Amalunga anikezwa izihlalo ngokulandelana ezinhlwini ezazinikezwe iKhomishini. Kuvumelekile ukuthi inhlangano ikhiphe amalunga ahleli ngaphansi kwegama layo. Izifundazwe zinikezwe izihlalo ezilinganayo eMkhandlwini kaZwelonke weziFundazwe. Amalunga ayo akhethwa iziShayamthetho. Imihlangano inikezwa izihlalo eMkhandlwini ngobuningi bamalunga abanawo esiShayathethweni wesiFundazwe esithile. IsiGunga sikaZwelonke sinamandla okushaya imithetho ngadaba noma luphi endlula uMkhandlu kaZwelonke weziFundazwe — ngoba umsebenzi wayo uqondane kakhulu nezindaba zolwimi, amasiko nemiphakathi. 

uMthethosisekelo ungumthetho ophakeme kuyonke imithetho. iPhalamende inamandla okushaya nomayimuphi umthetho ohambisana nayo. iziNkantolo zegatsha yobulungiswa zinamandla okuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imithetho iyalendelwa. iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo inamandla okuchitha noma yimuphi umthetho ongahambisani nomthethosisekelo. Ezinye izinkantolo zihlulela ukuphikisana ngaphathi kwabantu nezinhlangano futhi zihlulela amacala womthetho wobugebengu. Izinkantolo zinamandla okugweba abantu amacala nokubabophisa ukuze kubenokulungiswa nokuxola ezweni. Izinqumo zezinkantolo zibayinxenye yomthetho welizwe ngoba zichaza ukuthi imithetho ngempela isho ukuthini.

=== Ezombangazwe ===
[[File:Houses of Parliament (Cape Town).jpg|thumb|191x191px|Izindlu ze[[IPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika|Phalamende yaseNingizimu Afrika]], [[eKapa]], e[[INtshonalanga Kapa|Ntshonalanga Kapa]]]]
Inhlangano enkulu eyayibusa iyodwa eNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngo-1994 kufikela ngo-2024 yi-African National Congress (ANC). i-ANC isungulwe ngo-1912. Ngenxa yokuxoxisana nokuvumelana ne-''National Part''y (NP) ukuthi ubandlululo okwehlanga uchithwe ukuze abantu abansundu bakhone ukuvota, i-ANC iphumelele emikhethweni yokuqala eyisikhombisa ukuthi aboMongameli abane bokuqala besikhathi senkululeko babuye kuyo: kusukela u[[Nelson Mandela]] kufika ku[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]. iNhlangano yabelungu eyayibusa futhi eyasungula ubandlululo okwehlanga, i-NP, ibuse neANC eHulumendini yokuBumbana yango-1994. Kodwa ngasemuva kwesikhathi seHulumende yokuBumbana, i-NP yachithwa. Amanye amalunga ayo angena kwi-ANC. 
[[File:Late Nelson Mandela Statue, Pretoria South Africa Redux.png|thumb|192x192px|Izakhiwo zeMbumbano, [[IPitoli|ePitoli]], [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]]]]
iQembu elaliphikisane ne-ANC kusukela u-1999 kwakuyi-''Democratic Party'', elaguqula igama kwi-''Democratic Alliance'' (DA) kufikela u-2024. Ngo-2009, i-DA yathatha amandla [[INtshonalanga Kapa|eNtshonalanga Kapa]] kufika manje. Ngo-2024 yavuma ukungena emfelondawonyeni wezinhlangano lapho i-ANC beyidonsa phambili. ''iNkatha'' yasungulwa yiSilo u[[Solomon kaDinizulu|Solomoni kaDinuzulu]] ngezi-1920. uMntwana [[Mangosuthu Buthelezi|uMangosuthu Buthelezi]] wayiguqula igama kwiNkatha Freedom Party wayiphendula inhlangano yezombangazwe ngo-1975 eyaphatha kwaZulu esikhathini sobandlululo kufikela u-1994. Ngo-1994 yavuma ukubayilunga lemfelondawonye yeHulumende yokuBumbana futhi yabayinhlangano enkulu esifundazweni esasisisha ngalesosikhathi sakwaZulu-Natali kodwa yahlulwa yi-ANC ekhethweni wango-2004. 

Ngo-2014, uJulius Malema, owayenguMongameli weQembu laBasha le-ANC, wasungula inhlangano yakhe, i-''Economic Freedom Fighters'' (EFF). Yafika ezingeni yokuba inhlangano entathu ngobukhulu esizweni ekhethweni wango-2024. u-Jacob Zuma, owayenguMongameli weNingizimu Afrika kusukela u-2009 kufikela ku-2018, wasungula inhlangano yoMkhonto weSizwe ngo-2023&lt;ref&gt;Sangweni, Khethukuthula. 2023, uZibandlela 27. OlukaZuma neMK luvukuze umlando we-ANC obuhlungu. ''Isolezwe''. https://www.isolezwe.co.za/izindaba/olukazuma-nemk-luvukuze-umlando-we-anc-obuhlungu-5f731014-9ea2-473b-93ff-443850f04d17&lt;/ref&gt; owandlula i-EFF ngenani lamavoti ekhethweni wango-2024.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;2024, uNhlangulana 24. IsiBizNews: Abavoti bayayichitha i-ANC ne-EFF: Funa uguquko lwangempela, hhayi uguquko oluqinile – John Endres. ''BizNews''.&lt;/bdi&gt; https://www.biznews.com/rational-perspective/abavoti-anc-eff-endres&lt;/ref&gt; Kusukela u-2024, i-MK iyinhlangano ephikisayo-ngokomthetho ngoba i-DA ingene emfelandawonyeni ne-ANC. Ngo-2024, iNhlangano yoMkhonto wesiZwe ithole amavoti andlula imihlangano yonke kwaZulu-Natali, kodwa ngenxa yokubumbana kwe-IFP, i-DA, ne-ANC, yavalelwa ngaphandle kwezibambo zokubusa kulesosifundazwe.

=== Imphoqelelo yomthetho ===
[[File:South african police may 2010.jpg|thumb|198x198px|iThimba lamaphoyisa [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]] ngo-2010. Bathwele ama-Vektor R5 ngezandla]]
Amaphoyisa waseNingizimu Afrika (isiNgisi: ''South African Police Service'') anomsebenzi wokuphoqelela umthetho esizweni nokuvikela umphakathi. Kuneziteshi eziyi-1,154 zamaphoyisa futhi kunabaqhashi emaphoyiseni abayi-150,950. Ngokuba abantu abazizwa baphephile ngenxa yobugebengu obuningi, iNingizimu Afrika inobalo lwezinkampani zokuphephisa olundlala izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Inani labantu abasebenzela lomkhakha undlula izigidi eziyi-2.5 (futhi, ngobuningi, bandlula amaphoyisa namajoni mabehlangene).

Kunobugebengu obuningi eNingizimu Afrika njengokudlwengula kanye nodlame wokuhlukumeza izingane nabesifazane: amaPhoyisa amemeza ukuthi abesifazane abayi-75,871 ngo-2023 kufika ku-2024 abathintwe udlame, ukudlwengula nokubulawa.&lt;ref&gt;Cowling, Natalie. 2024, Dec 30. Number of contact crimes committed against women in South Africa by type. ''Statista''.https://www.statista.com/statistics/1396527/number-of-contact-crimes-committed-against-women-in-south-africa-by-type/#statisticContainer&lt;/ref&gt; Kuvamile ukuthi abesifazane bahlukunyezwe ngabantu abesilisa ababaziyo.&lt;ref&gt;2022. Media Pack: First South African National Gender-Based Violence Study. ''Human Sciences Research Council''. https://hsrc.ac.za/media-pack-first-south-african-national-gender-based-violence-study-2022/&lt;/ref&gt; Futhi kunobunye ubugebengu njengzigameko zokudunwa nokutshontshwa kwezimoto&lt;ref&gt;Khumalo, X. 2023-08-16. [https://gagasiworld.co.za/kudla-lubi-ukudunwa-kwezimoto/ Kudla Lubi Ukudunwa Kwezimoto]. ''eGagasini FM''.&lt;/ref&gt;, ukuthunjwa kwabantu&lt;ref&gt;''[https://lite.scrolla.africa/izindaba/ziyanda-izigameko-zokuthunjwa-kwabantu-emzansi.html Ziyanda izigameko zokuthunjwa kwabantu eMzansi]''. Scrolls Data Lite.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Goldberg, L. 2025-05-13. [https://4akid.co.za/zu/blogs/parenting-advice/child-kidnappings-are-on-the-increase-in-sa-but-yet-no-recent-stats-are-available?srsltid=AfmBOooEqrLfOmZzhaJxCD0mTAaYtvriW8IRaD-LX_AlORRer3tgRiEP Ukuthunjwa kwezingane kuyanda eNingizimu Afrika, kodwa nokho azikho izibalo zakamuva ezitholakalayo]. ''4aKid.com''&lt;/ref&gt;, ukugqekeza ezindlini nasemahhovisini, nenkohlakalo ehulumendeni njengokutshontsha izimali zesizwe. OweyenguMengameli uJacob Zuma wasungula iKhomishini yokuHlola ukuThunjwa kweZwe ngo-2017 noCyril Ramaphosa wasungula iKhomishini yokuHlola ukuGxambukela nobuGebengu ezeMbangazweni ngo-2025 ngenxa yokujula nobubanzi kwenkohlakalo ebolisa uhulumeni.&lt;ref&gt;Dlomo, M. 2025-07-06. [https://ilanganews.co.za/bafuna-kuthathwe-izinyathelo-ngezinsolo-zikamkhwanazi/ Bafuna kuthathwe izinyathelo ngezinsolo zikaMkhwanazi]. ''Ilanga News''.&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Ubudlelwano nezinye izizwe ===
[[File:President Donald Trump meets with President of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa (54537776189) (cropped).jpg|thumb|221x221px|Umhlangano koMongameli [[IMelika|waseMelika]] [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]][[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika]], [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]]]
iNingizimu Afrika liyilunga yemihlangano yamazwe njeng[[IZizwe Ezihlangene|eZizwe Ezihlangeneyo]] (isiNgisi: ''United Nations''), iNhlangano yase Africa (isiNgisi: ''African Union''), i-BRICS (inhlangano ye[[IBrazili|Brazil]], [[iNdiya]], [[iShayina]], neNingizimu Afrika), iNhlangano yoMhlabawonke woHwebo (isiNgisi: ''World Trade Organisation''), iNkantolo yoMhlabawonke wobuGebengu (isiNgisi: ''International Criminal Court''), i-''Commonwealth of Nations'', iKomithi yoMhlabawonke wama-Olympics (isiNgisi: ''International Olympic Committee''), i-''Fédération Internationale de Football Association'' (i-FIFA), Inhlangano yoMhlabawonke yabaSebenzi (isiNgisi: ''International Labour Organisation''). Noma buthi ukubanda ubudlelwano n[[IMelika|eMelika]], iNingizimu Afrika isebenzisana futhi ihwebana nayo kakhulu kanye namanye amazwe ekuthiwa wase-&quot;Mpumalanga&quot; njengeNhlangano yase[[Yurobhu]] (ngesiNgisi: ''European Union'').

iNingizimu Afrika lidume ngaphesheya ngokukhulumela amalungelo wabantu abahluphekile. Ngo-2024, izamile ukusiza [[iYukreyini]] ne[[IRashiya|Rashiya]] zixoxisane ukuqeda imipi yabo. Ngo-2022, iNingizimu Afrika ivulele i-[[Isreyili|Israyeli]] icala eNkantolo yoMhlabawonke yobuLungiswa mayelana ukubhubhisa kwamaPalestini eGaza. iNingizimu Afrika ithumela amajoni ukuthi agcine ukuthula ezindaweni lapho kunempi yezakhamuzi khona njengase-DRC (isiNgisi: [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|''Democratic Republic of the Congo'']]), e[[IMozambiki|Mozambhiki]], eLesotho, e[[ISudan|Sudani]], nase[[IBhurundi|Bhurundi]]. Ngenxa yodlame nenhlupheko e[[IZimbabwe|Zimbabwe]], iNingizimu Afrika yamkele ababaleki. Futhi yamkele ababaleki ngobuningi abaqhamuke kwezinye izizwe ezinempi njenge[[ISomaliya|Somaliya]], [[Khongo-Kinshasa]], e[[IMozambiki|Mozambhiki]] nase[[ISudan|Sudani]]. 

=== Ezokuvikela ===
[[File:SAAF-Gripen-001 (cropped).jpg|thumb|211x211px|Indiza yokulwa, iSAAB Gripen yamaButho waseBhakabhakeni, ekhandwe [[ISwidi|eSwidi]]]]
umButho kaZwelonke oVikelayo waseNingizimu Afrika ([[isiNgisi]]: ''South African National Defence Force'') unikezwe umsebenzi wokuvikela amagcele waseNingizimu Afrika - yiwona wodwa wemibutho evumelekile ukuhloma. Lombutho unamagatsha amane: amaButho waseMhlabeni, waseLwandle, waseBhakabhakeni, nawezeMpilo. amaButho waseLwandle ahlome imikhumbi yempi eyi-44, njengemikhumbi enthathu yangaphansi kwamanzi. Namhlanje amaButho waseLwandle abhekane nokubamba abazingeli nabadwebi bezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zaselwandle ezivikeleliwe kanye nobunye ubugebengu elwandle. Futhi, ilwa namagcwelegcwele waselwandle eMozambhiki. amaButho waseMhlabeni asebenza e-Afrika ezindaweni ezibhekane nempi ukuthi zibenokuthula futhi bavikela imigcele yaseNingizimu Afrika. amaButho waseBhakabhakeni alwa kubhakabhaka lweNingizimu Afrika.

Kukhona izinkampani ezikhandela umButho waseNingizimu Afrika izikhali nenye impahla: iDenel, iMilkor, iParamount Group ne-Reutech Radar Systems. Uphinde uthenge izinto [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eMbusweni Ohlangeneyo]], [[IMelika|eMelika]], [[IJalimani|eJalimani]], [[IJaphani|eJapani]], [[ITaliya|eTaliya]] nase[[ISwidi|Swidi]]. Isabelomali somButho yizigidigidi eziyi-51.8 zamaRand ngoyaka ka-2024. Kunamajoni ahlangene ayi-71,235. iNduna yamaJoni Jikelele nguRudzani Maphwanya.

=== Izifundazwe ===
Kunezifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye. Zinesishayamthetho esikhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka eyihlanu kanye nePhalamende. Izifundazwe zineNdunakulu ekhethwa abalunga besishayamthetho. Indunankulu ikhetha abangqongqoshe bomiKhandlu yesiFundazwe yokuPhatha. Zonke izifundazwe zineNkomfa yeNkantolo ePhezulu yaseNingizimu Afrika ekudluliswa amacalo khona ngamphambe ukuthi adluliselwe eNkantolo yoMthehtosisekele nomaNkantolo ePhakeme Yokudlulisa Amacala.

Izifundazwe zinabomasipala abayi-205 bendawo futhi abayi-52 phezukwabo abesifunda. Kunamamasipala ayisishiyagalombili abanamandla wesifunda nendawo ekuthiwa ama-''metropolitan'' lapho kuhlala inani labantu eliningi khona: iGoli, eKapa, eThekwini, ePitoli, eKurhuleni, eNelson Mandela Bay, eBufallo City naseMangaung. Izifundanzwe yilezi ezilandelayo:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!isiFundazwe
!isiQonga sesiFundazwe
!iDolobha eliKhulu
!Ubungakho beNdawo (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
!iNani laBantu
|-
|iMpumalanga Kapa
|eBhisho
|eGqeberha
|168,966
|7,230,204
|-
|iFuleyisitata
|eBloemfontein
|eBloemfontein
|129,825
|2,964,412
|-
|eGoli
|eGoli
|eGoli
|18,178
|15,099,422
|-
|kwaZulu-Natali
|eMngungundlovu
|eThekwini
|94,361
|12,423,907
|-
|iLimpopo
|ePolokwane
|ePolokwane
|125,754
|6,572,720
|-
|iMpumalanga
|eMbombela
|eMbombela
|76,495
|5,143,324
|-
|iNyakatho-Ntshonalanga
|eMahikeng
|eKlerksdorp
|104,882
|3,804,548
|-
|iNyakatho Kapa
|eKimberley
|eKimberley
|372,889
|1,355,946
|-
|iNtshonalanga Kapa
|eKapa
|eKapa
|129,462
|7,433,01
|}

== Ezomnotho ==
[[File:Sandton.jpg|thumb|218x218px|iSandton, eGoli, indawo ecebile ukundlula izindawo zonke e-Afrika]]
iNingizimu Afrika inesimo somnotho osathuthuyako. e-Afrika yonke, iyona ethuthuke kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe ngomboni futhi inkulu uzindlula zonke: phezu kwezigidigidi eziyigidi eziyi-1.030 zamaDola ngokulinganisa amandla emali (isiNgisi: ''purchasing power parity'') noma izigidigidi eziyi-418 zamaDola ngobunjalo nje (isiNgisi: ''nominal'').&lt;ref&gt;World Bank. 2024, uMbasa. World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (South Africa). https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/ZAF&lt;/ref&gt; Umkhiqizo ohlukaniswe okwekhanda, undlula amazwe amaningi e-Afrika: phezu kwamaDola ayi-16,080 wamaDola. Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bacebe ukundlula izizwe zonke zase-Afrika: izigidigidi eziyi-650 zamaDola. 

iNingizimu Afrika ihwebana kakhulu namanye amazwe ase-Afrika, [[iShayina]], [[iMelika]], [[iJalimani]], [[iSpaniya]], n[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|oMbuso oHlangeneyo]]. iNingizimu Afrika ikhiqize insimbi njengegolide, iplatinamu, ipaladium, imanganese, ichrome, namalahle. iNingizimu Afrika ikhiqiza umbila, umoba, amazambane, iwayini, itiya yerooibos, namafutho wemifino, futhi imfuyo yezinkomo, izinkuku, izimvu nezimbuzi, iletha imali eningi. 
[[File:GariepDam.jpg|thumb|221x221px|iDonga neLwandle leDamu lasegariep. Livimbe amanzi womfula isaNgqu]]
Ngenxa yobuhle, isimo sezulu esimnandi, izindawo zokubona izinyamazane, ukudla okumnandi newayini edumile ngaphesheya, nokuthuthuka kwengqalasizinda, iNingizimu Afrika ivakashelwa ukundlula wonke amazwe ase-Afrika. Futhi inezindawo eziningi eziklomiswe ngokuba ifa elibalulekile emhlabeni wonke. iNingizimu Afrika inomkhakha womnotho wezemali othembekile kakhulu. i-Johannesburg Stock Exchange (lapho kuhwetshwa izibopho emali namasheya emankampanini) indlula amanye amamakethi e-Afrika ngobukhulu kwemali nangokuthuthuka. 

Ngemphoxeko alikho ilizwe emhlabeni elinobungalinga kwemali njengeNingizimu Afrika. Lesimo singenxa yobungalingani kwomholo, ukungasebenzi kwenani elinkulu labantu, nobumpofa oluthinta abantu abaningi. Kunabantu abandlula u-33% abangasebenzi noma u-44% ngencazelo eyandiswa.&lt;ref&gt;Institute for Economic Justice. 2023, ''uLwezi. Kungani iNingizimu Afrika idinga i-Universal Basic Income Guarantee''. https://www.iej.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/IEJ-UBIG-1-factsheet-isiZulu.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abangu-55%, baphila ngaphansi kwezinga lobumpofu bukazwelonke, futhi abantu abangu-25% basezingeni lobumpofu lokuba encupeni yokungadli okwanele. Kunzima ukuthi umnotho wenze usebenze olingene abantu bonke abafuna umsebenzi ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lemfundo, ubunzima bokusungula amabhizinisi nokutshala imali ngenxa yemigomo engakhuthazi ubuzisebenza. Futhi, isikhathi sobandlululo sishiye abaningi abansundu banganyo indlela olukuzithuthukisa, ngesibonelo, ngokulima ngoba bengenamhlaba.

=== Ingqalasizinda ===
[[File:Ekurhuleni Aerotropolis.jpg|thumb|219x219px|Isikhumula seziNdiza sikaOliver Reginald Tambo eKurhuleni, eGoli. Siyisikhumulo esizindlula zonke e-Afrika ngobukhulu]]
Ingqalasizinda yaseNingizimu Afrika ivame ukuba ncono ukundlula amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika kodwa akusho ukuthi konke kulungile. Kunemigwaqo engamakhilomitha ayi-754,600 eNingizimu Afrika, eseshumi emhlabeni wonke ngobude kodwa imiGwaqo eminingi inezigodi.&lt;ref&gt;Umnyango wesiKhwama sikaZwelonke. 2009. [https://www.treasury.gov.za/publications/igfr/2004/09.%20Chapter%208%20-%20Roads%20and%20Transport.pdf Isahluko 8: imiGwaqo nokuThuthakwabantu.]  Provincial Government Expenditure Review 2003/2004 to 2008/2009&lt;/ref&gt; Imigqa yezitimela indlula-30,000 amakhilomitha ngobude.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worlddata.info/africa/south-africa/transport.php Infrastructure and transport in South Africa]. World Data.&lt;/ref&gt; iNingizimu Afrika yilizwe lokuqala e-Afrika ukuba nesitimela esihamba ngokushesha: iGautrain eGoli. Imigqa yezitimela eminingi ingphantsi kweTransnet, inkampani yakahulumeni. Ngenxa yokushiswa kwezitimela, ukutshontshwa nokuphulwa kwemishini, nokuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okungalungiswa, izinga lengqalasizinda zezitimela zaseNingizimu Afrika luyawohloka. Izitimela zivame ukungcola, ukungaphephanga, nokungafiki ngesikhathi ngenxa yokungaphathwi kahle. Imikhakha eminingi emiphakathini nasemnothweni njengamamayini athembele ezitimeleleni ukuthutha impahla nabantu ngobuningi.
[[File:Gautrain..., O R Tambo Intl Airport South Africa.jpg|thumb|220x220px|isiTimela sikagautrain esisesitheshini esisemkhumulweni wezindiza kaOliver Reginald Tambo]]
iNingizimu Afrika ithembele emalahleni ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ikomothi yoGesi eyaziwa nge-Eskom yayisungulwe ngo1923. Ngokuzama ukukhuthaza izinkampani ezizimele ukuthi zingene emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ugesi ngezi-1999, uhulumeni uvimbe i-Eskom ukuthu ingakhi iziteshe zogesi ezintsha. Kodwa lokhu akusizanga. I-Eskom ibihluleka ukukhiqiza ugesi owanele ngenxa yokwanda ngokushesha kwezakhamuzi ezixhumakelwe nogesi emuva kwesikhathi sobandlululo lapho abelungu namabhizinisi kwakuyiwona wedwa ewathola ugesi. Ngoba imigqa yogesi yayidonsa nzima ukufikisa ugesi ebantwini bonke, umbuso unqamule izibopha ezivimbe i-Eskom ukuthi yakhe iziteshi zogesi. Ekuzameni ukwakha iziteshi zeMedupi neKusile, kwamoshakala imali, kwanda isikolodo kangangokuthi wawuncane ngendlela ephoxekisayo umkhiqizo wogesi. Ngenxa yalezizinkinga, kwasuka ukunciphiswa kwegesi ngesikhathi esihlelekile ngo-2007. Kusukela u-2024, isimo sithi ukuguquka ngenxa yokuqotshwa kweNgqongqoshe yoGesi omusha uKgosientso Ramkgopa. 

iNingizimu Afrika yilizwe lokuqala e-Afrika ukukhiqiza ugesi ngenuzi: kunesitheshi sogesi wenuzi eKapa, iKoeberg. iNingizimu Afrika enezikhumulo zezindiza zamazwewonke: i-OR Tambo neLanseriya eGoli, nenyeEkapa, iSilo uShaka eThekwini, neNkosi uDavide Stuurman eGqeberha. INingizimu Afrika inezikhumulo zezindiza ezi-401. Futhi inetheku elikhulu eThekwini eliwandlula wonke amazwe ase-Afrika ngokusinda kwempahla ethwalwa izikhumbi ezingena khona. Futhi kunezitheku zaseKapa, eGqeberha naseSaldanha lapho Umbutho woLwandle ugcina imikhumbi yempi khona. 

=== Isayensi nobuchwepheshe ===
[[File:Mark Shuttleworth NASA.jpg|thumb|233x233px|uMark Shuttleworth umdali weThawte ne-Ubuntu onguyena yedwa umNingizimu Afrika owagibela umKhumbi waseMkhathini wamaZwewonke]]
Kunokuhlakani nobuchwepheshe obuqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika olundlula okulindelwe nabantu abaningi. Emandulo kwakukhona abantu bomdabu eMpumalanga abakhe ikhalenda yamatshe eyokuqala yokuchaza iminyaka nesikhathi ekuthiwa yiNzalo yeLanga kusukela iminyaka eyi-75,000 kufika ku-200,000 ewandlule.&lt;ref&gt;[https://sahistory.org.za/place/adams-calendar-also-known-blaauwboschkraal-stone-ruins#:~:text=isiZulu%20elders%20call%20the%20site,ancient%20sites%20around%20the%20World. ADAMS CALENDAR also known as: 'Blaauwboschkraal Stone Ruins']. South African History.&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu baseMapungubwe eLimpopo baqambe impahla ngegolide kusukela iminyaka eyi-500 kufika ku1100 eyandlule.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nature-reserve.co.za/lost-civilization-mapungubwe-history.html#:~:text=Between%20AD%20900%2D%201300%20Mapungubwe,lived%20in%20isolation%20from%20them. History of the Lost Civilization of Mapungubwe]. Siyabonga Africa.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngemuva kokufika abelungu nokusuka wesikhathi sogesi, imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe yanda. Ngo-1882, iKimberley, eNyakatho Kapa yayidlobha lesibili emhlabeni ukukhanyisa imigwaqo ngemibani yogesi.&lt;ref&gt;2914, uNcaba 23. [https://www.kimberley.org.za/kimberley-city-firsts/ Kimberley: A City of Firsts]. Kimberley.org.za&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngo-1955, kuqalwe ukukhiqiza amafuthi emalahleni eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yobuchwepheshe baseSasol.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sasol.com/celebrating-our-heritage#:~:text=Through%20the%20Synthol%20process%2C%20in%20March%201955,its%20first%20petrol%20in%20its%20Synthol%20reactors.&amp;text=These%20reactors%20form%20the%20basis%20of%20the,crude%20feed%20stream%20for%20fuels%20and%20chemicals Celebrating Our Heritage]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Sasol.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1957, isayensi nesikhomba sokwakha umshini ohlola ubungaphakayi bomzimba womuntu, iCAT Scan, bewuqamuka eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yomsebenzi woSolwazi u-Allan Cormack.&lt;ref&gt;Tan, Yong Siang no Pool, Patricia Sims. 2020, uZibandlela 6. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7900806/ Allan MacLeod Cormack (1924–1998): Discoverer of computerised axial tomography]. ''Singapore Med''. National Library of Medicine.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1967 uChristiaan Barnard noHamilton Naki bebangabantu bokuqala bokwenza isihlinzelo esivulekile sokufaka inhliziyo yomuntu komunye umuntu ophilayo esibhedlele seGroote Schuur eKapa.&lt;ref&gt;Cooper, David KC .2018, uNhlangulana 18. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6062759/ Christiaan Barnard—The surgeon who dared: The story of the first human-to-human heart transplant] . ''Global Cardiology and Practice''. National Library of Medicine.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngezi-1980, iNingizimu Afrika yayilizwe lokuqala lase-Afrika ukwakha izikhali zenuzi.&lt;ref&gt;Albright, David. 1994, uNhlaba. [https://isis-online.org/publications/southafrica/ir0594.html South Africa's Secret Nuclear Weapons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602145408/https://isis-online.org/publications/southafrica/ir0594.html |date=2025-06-02 }}. ''ISIS Report''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1995, uMark Shuttleworth udale uhlelo lokuvimba ukuthwetshulwa kwamakhompiyutha ekuthiwa yi-Thawte.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~litwin/cours98/Doc-cours-clouds/WPCryptography2012_1209_EN.pdf History of Cryptography]. Thawte.&lt;/ref&gt; go-2004, uMark Shuttleworth wadala uhlelo lokulawula amakhompiyutha, Ubuntu, elisasetshenziswa nanamhlanje. 

I-Square Kilometre Array yiqoqo lwezibonakude ezisinikeza ukhono lokucwaninga izinkanyezi nezinye izizulane ezisemkhathini. Abasolwazi baseNyuvesi yaseKapa bafake isandla ekwakheni kwehlelo lokulawula amakhompiyutha e-''Large Hadron collider'', umshini eSwitzerlandi oshayisana izihlamvukazi zamatomi ukufunda imithetho ejulile yendalo. iNingizimu Afrika ithole inhlobo yesifo seCoronavirus i-Omicron kuqala ngo-2021. uSolwazi uMashudu Tshifularo waseNyuvesi yasePitoli uyena wokuqala emhlabeni wonke ukuphumelela ekufakeni kwethambo langaphakathi lwendlebe eliqanjwe ngokuphrinta kwezilinganiso ezintathu ngo-2019.

== Ezezibalo zabantu ==
[[File:South Africa single age population pyramid 2020.png|thumb|uGrafu oveza inani labesilisa nabesifazane ngeminyaka wango-2020]]
Kunenani labantu elindlula izigidi eziyi-64 eNingizimu Afrika, nokuminyana kwabantu abayi-51.8 ngesikhilomitha-skwele. Kunenani labantu abangangenanga ngokwomthetho abayizigidi ezinhlanu, kakhulu abantu baseZimbabwe. Kunabantu abansundu abangamaphesenti ayi-81, abelungu abangamaphesenti ayi-7.3, amaKhaladi abayi-8.2% namaNdiya ayi-2.7%. IsiZulu sincelwe ebeleni ngabantu abangamaphesenti ayi-24.4 (ukundlula izilimi zonke ngobuningi), isiXhosa silandela ngo-16.4% isiBhunu ngo-10.6%, nesiNgisi ngo-8.7%. Noma kunjalo, isiNgisi sitshenziswa emabhizinisini, nasezimfundisweni nasehulumendeni ukundlula izilimi zonke. 
[[File:South Africa 2011 population density map.svg|thumb|Ibalazwe laseNingizimu Afrika eliveza ukuminyana kwabantu. Ubunyama bombala buchaza ininani labantu abaningi abaminyene endaweni ethile]]
Inani labantu abandlula u-79%, bakholelwa ebuKhrestini, ukundlula inani lezinkolo zonke ezinye. ebuKhrestini kunamaZayoni abayi-11%, abaZalwane (amaPentekositi) abayi-8.2%, abaseRoma abayi-7.1%, amaWesile ayi-6.8% nabebandla laseNetherlands abayi-6.2%. AmaMuslimi, abantu abakholelwa esintwini kuphela nabaHindi bangango 1%. Kodwa, baningi abantu abahlanganisa ubuKhrestu nenkolo yomdabu njengamasiko akubo. AmaMuslimi avema ukuba amaKhaladi waseKapa (ama-''Cape Malay'') namaNdiya. Kukhona nomphakathi omncane wamaJuda.

=== Ezemfundo ===
[[File:UCT Upper Campus landscape view.jpg|thumb|Ikhampasi ephezulu yeNyuvesi yaseKapa]]
Ngowezi-2025 kwakunabantu abadala abangamaphesenti ngama-95% abakwazi ukufunda. Ingeyesibili enamazinga wemfundo aphezulu e-Afrika, ilandela iSeychelles.&lt;ref&gt;https://mg.co.za/education/2025-04-29-south-africa-has-second-highest-rate-of-literate-adults-in-africa/&lt;/ref&gt; INingizimu Afrika inohlelo lwezemfundo olunamazinga amathathu: olokuqala ngezikole zamabangaphansi kulandele izikole zamabangaphezulu (ezingaphansi kweminyango yezifundo yezifundazwe), kugcine imfundo ephakeme yamanyuvesi namakolishi. iNingizimu Afrika isezingeni eliphansi ngezemfundo emhlabeni malulinganiswa namanye amazwe ngezizathu ezimbalwa:

* Imaki lokuphasa esikoleni ngu-30%
* Abantu abaningi abaphasi ngo-Bachelor, oludingekayo ukuqhubeka ukufunda emanyuvesini
* Ngu-50% wezingane eziqala isikole ezizophasa umatekuletsheni
* Inani labafundi abasebangeni llesishiyagalolunye abakwazi ukufunda noma ukubala okufanelwe iminyaka yabo
* Ngoba esikhathini sobandlululo, umbuso wavimba amathuba amaningi wokufunda nokuqeqeshwa, awukho umkhuba wokufunda emiphakathini eminingi
* Kunodlame, izidakamiswa nokuswela imithombo nengqalasizinda ezikoleni eziningi ezenza ukufunda kubenzima.

Kungakho, abazali abakhonayo ngokwemali bamikisa Izingane zabo ema-''Model C'' (izikole ezagcinelwa abelungu esikhathini sobandlululo) nomaezikolweni ezizimele. Ngoba abaningi Abantu abampofu abanayo imali enele ukumikisa Izingane zabo kulezikole, Izingane zabo ezifunda ezikoleni zikahulumeni zisala emuva. Lokuhlukana emizingeni emibilo yokufunda, yenza ukuthi kubenzima ukuthi abantwana abaqhamuka emakhazeni abampofu ukuthi baphumelele ezinfundweni eziphezulu. Uhulumeni uzamile ukulinganisa amathuba ngezinhlelo nemingqubomgomo ehlukene njengokunikeza abantwana amampofu imifundaze phecelezi i-NSFAS (isiNgisi: ''National Student Financial Aid Scheme'') namanye amaqhinga. 

Amanyuvesi aseNingizimu Afrika ahloniphekile e-Afrika nasemhlabeni wonke ngokukhiqiza izinga locwaningo nokufundisa olulingana namazwe asesingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. Amanyuvesi adulime yilawa: iNyuvesi yaseKapa, iNyuvesi yaseWitwatersrand, iNyuvesi yaseStellenbosch, iNyuvesi yaseGoli, [[INyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali|iNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali]], neNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika. INyuvesi yaseFort Hare ikhiqize abaholi abaningi bezepolitiki njengo-[[Nelson Mandela]] owayenguMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika, [[Robert Mugabe|uRobert Mugabe]] owayenguMongameli wase[[Zimbabwe]], uSeretse Khama owayenguMongameli wase[[Butswana]], uJulius Nyerere owayenguMongameli wase[[IThanzaniya|Thanzaniya]], no-[[Oliver Tambo]] owayenguMongameli we-[[African National Congress|ANC]].

=== Ezempilo ===
[[File:Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital entrance.jpg|thumb|Isibhedlela sikaChris Hani Baragwanath esikhulu uzindlula zonke eNingizimu Afrika futhi kufundiswa amadokotela lana]]
Owesilisa uvame ukuphila iminyaka eyi-59.3, owesimame uvame ukuphila iminyaka eyi-64.4 kodwa abantu abansundu nabantu abampofu bavame ukuphila isikhathi esifushane ukundlula abelungu nabantu abacebile, futhi umehluko mukhulu.&lt;ref&gt;Frye, Isabel. 2023. The unequal face of death. Social Policy Initiative. https://www.spi.net.za/the-unequal-face-of-death-in-south-africa/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619130137/https://www.spi.net.za/the-unequal-face-of-death-in-south-africa/ |date=2025-06-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuvame ukushona Izingane ezincane eziyi-24 ngenkulungwane yabantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;People of South Africa. Gov.za. https://www.gov.za/about-sa/people-south-africa#:~:text=Life%20expectancy%20at%20birth%20for,per%201%20000%20live%20births/&lt;/ref&gt; Kunabantu abayi-13.5% abaphila nesifo sengculazi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Inani labo liyaphunguleka ngenxa yokumbatha ijazi lomkhwenyana ecansini nokuphuza imishanguzo ecindezela legciwane egazini.&lt;ref&gt;Mjoli, Phili. 2023, uZibandlela 24. Kusemnyama ngekhambi lokuqeda ingculazi. ''Isolezwe''. https://www.isolezwe.co.za/impilo-yabantu/ezempilo/kusemnyama-ngekhambi-lokuqeda-ingculazi-dfed1466-41d9-4269-afe9-1fc3851c49d5&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ukungalingani kobude bempilo ngaphakathi kwabacebile nabampofu kungenxa yokuthi uhulumeni ukhokhela bonke abantu abampofu ngemali yentelo kodwa lemali kufanele ufeze izidingo zabantu abayi-84% kodwa abantu abancono ngesimo semali (u-16% wabantu) bakhona ukukhokhela izinsizo zempilo, ukuze bakhone ukuhambela izibhedlela ezizimele lapho izinga lokuphathwa lindlula izibhedlela zikahulumeni. Futhi, ngokwanda kwemali, umuntu ukwazi ukuhlala endaweni ephephile, ukuthola usizo ngokushesha, ukudla ukudla okuphilisayo, nokudela izingozi ezehlela abantu abahlupekayo. 

Kungakho uhulumeni we-ANC uzama ukuvusa i-NHI (iNtshulensi yezeMpilo lakaZwelonke) ukuze uhulumeni kuhlinzekelwe izinga elinganayo lezempilo kubonke abantu. Kodwa baningi abangavumi ngoba iNingizimu Afrika ayinabo abantu  abalaphayo abanele inani labantu (0.3 wamadokotela ngenkulungwane yabantu, ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 yamadokotela ngenkulungwane yabantu ephakanyiswa uMhlangano woMhlabawonke wezeMpilo). Futhi, kuzofuneka ukuthi imali yentelo ekhokelwayo ngabambalwa abasebenzayo ikhuphuke kakhulu. Nokuthi umkhakha wezibhedlela elizimele awunayo imibhede elingene abantu bonke baseMzansi. Okwamanje i-NHI ayikakabikhona.

== Ezamasiko nobuciko ==

=== Ezomculo ===
Imiculo yamapiano, ikwaito nesipantsula idalwe eGoli. Imiculo yeGqom, iMaskandi, iMbaqanga nesiCathamiya iqhamuka kwaZulu. Abantu balalela umnculo omunye ohlukile njengehouse, iHip-Hop, iclassical, ipop, igospel nezinye. Kunabaculi abadumile abaqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika njengeLadysmith Black Mambaso eyaklomiswa ngeGrammy Award kabili (besicathamiya), uBrenda Fassie, uYvonne Chaka-Chaka noLeleti Mbuli (bepop), Hotstix Mabuza, uMiriam Makeba noweyengumyeni wakhe uHugh Masekela (bejazz), amaHotella Queens (bembaqanga), iHhashi eliMhlophe (wemaskandi), iSoweto Gospel Choir eyaklomiswa ngeGrammy Award, iJoyous Celebration neSpirit of Praise (begospel), uMbongeni Ngema (owayenza umculo wamamuvi njenge-''Lion King'' owaklomiswa nge-Academy Award, neSarafina). Kukhona nabaculi babelungu njengoKurt Darren (womculo wesiBhunu) Fokofpolisiekar (bomculo werock), ne-Die Antwoord (be-Hip-Hop yesiBhunu). Izikhungo zokufundisa umcule ezidumile yiKolishi yaseNingizimu Afrika yoMculo (yaseNyuvesi yaseKapa), namanye amanyuvesi. 

=== Ezokungcebeleka ===
[[File:SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg|thumb|Iisiqongo se-SABC. Ngasenxele kubonakala amatshaneli kamabonakude ]]
iNingizimu Afrika inomkhakha wamamuvi, yezinhlelo zikamabonakude nokujabulisa othuthukile futhi ohloniphekile e-Afrika nangaphesheya. Amamuvi enzwe eNingizimu Afrika aklomiswe ama-Academy Award (phecelezi ama-Oscar) ngo-''Tsotsi'', no-''My Octopus Teacher.'' Ezacishe zaklomiswa ngo-''Yesterday'', ''Old Righteous Blues'', ne-''Last Ranger''. Kukhona amanye amamuvi adumile njenge-''District Nine'', ''The Gods Must Be Crazy'', ''Jerusalema'', ''Oh Schucks.... It's Schuster!'', ''Mama Jack'', Sarafina!, ''White Wedding'', ''How to Ruin Christmas'', ''iNxeba'' (eyacindezelwa nguhuhulumeni ngenxa yokuveza isiko lokusoka [[AmaXhosa|lwamaXhosa]] kanye nobudlewane labesilisa abathandanayo). 

Futhi kunezinhlelo zamabonakude ezidumile njenge-''Shaka Zulu'' (kudlala uHenry Cele, eyayenzwa kabusha ngegama lika-''Shaka iLembe''), ''Velaphi'', ''eMzini weziNtsizwa'', ''Generations'' (owayenza kabusha ngegama lika-''Generations: the Legacy''), ''Skeem Saam'', ''Scandal'', ''The River'', ''Isidingo'', ''Uzalo'', ''The Queen'', ''Blood and Water'', ''Kings of Joburg''. Kwakunohlelo lwabantwana kamabonakude njengo-''Yo TV! Land'', ''Hectic Nine9.'' Kunezinhlelo ezilandela izimpilo zabantu, ifashini, noma ezikhombisa ukuncintisana njenge-''Friends Like These'', ''Selimathunzi'' nezinye. I-South African Broadcasting Corporation iyinkampani kahulumeni elimandla amakhulu ngokubanamatshaneli kamabonakude nomsakazo njenge SABC1, 2 no-3, SABC News, SABC Sport, uKhozi FM, Umhlobo weNene, neLesedi FM. Isiphathamandla esiziMele zokuXhumana saseNingizimu Afrika silawula imigqubomgomo nemibandela elawula umkhakha wamabonakude, umsakazo nentanethi.

=== Ezobuciko ===
[[File:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|236x236px|Uzindlu zamaNdebele ezimabalabala]]
Ubuciko njengokuzihlobisa noma ukuhlobisa izindawo zokuhlala yinxenye yesiko elimnqoka ebantwini baseNingizimu Afrika ngoba luveza ubutho bomuntu nomphakathi futhi unikeza abantu yokuziveza uqobo. AmaNdelele adumile ngokudweba izithombe zemibala ezindlini zabo, nokumbatha ubucwebe bensimbi. Ama-Khoi San wayedweba izithombe emihumeni. AbaNguni, amaKhoi-San, nabaTswana baziwa nokumbatha izikhumba zezilwane nobucwebe bobuhlalu. AmaTsonga namaVenda banomlando omude wokuthunga izingubo ngokotini (olwaziwa ngelimi lakubo nge-''mpela ya swinwela''). Kusukela izi-1800, kunezindwangu ezazivela njenge-''Seshweshwe'' samaTswana, amaPedi nabeSuthu, ingubo ye-''Seanamarena'', kanye nom-''Bhaco'' wamaXhosa. Kunezakhiwo eziphakeme zokukhombiswa ubuciko nezithombe eNingizimu Afrika njenge-Zeits Museum of Contemporary Art, Iziko South African National Gallery, ne-Johannesburg Art Museum

=== Ezobucikomazwi ===
[[File:John L Dube 001.jpg|thumb|228x228px|u[[John Langalibalele Dube]] owasingula iphephazindaba ''iLanga lase Natali'', owabhala incwadi ''iNsila kaShaka'', nowungubaba we-''African National Congress'', futhi wasungula isikole sasOhlange]]
Ukubhala akuveli ngokomdabu eNingizimu Afrika ngoba abantu bomdabu bebandlulisa umlando ngokukhuluma. Kodwa makufika abahwebi nezithunywa zevangeli kwaqala ukubhalwa ngokuhumusha iBhayibheli elwimini lwesintu. Lokhu kuqale isiko sokubhala izincwadi. Ababhali abadumile ngo-Steve Bantu Biko (umholi weBlack Consciousness Movement odume ngokubhala u-''I Write What I Like''), uNelson Mandela (owabhala umlando wempilo yakhe nokumelana nobandlululo u-''Long Walk to Freedom''), uSolomon Plaatjie (owabhala u-''Mhudi'': ''An Epic of South African Native Life a Hundred Years Ago''), uJohn Langalibalele Dube (ubaba we-ANC, owabhala ''iNsila kaShaka''), Athol Fugard (owabhala u-''Cry, my Beloved Country''), Nadine Gordimer (owaklomiswa i-''Nobel Prize in Literature''), Alan Paton (owabhala imidlalo), uMazisi Kunene (umbhali wezinkondlo).

=== Izinsuku zomphakathi zokuguba okuthile ===

* 1 uMasingana: uSuku lokuGuba ukuQalwa kwoNyaka oMusha.
* Ngo-Ndasa kufika kuMbasa: uLwesihlanu oMuhle oguba ukuqala kwePasika, ilanga lokuhlatshwa kukaJesu Khrestu. 
* Usonto olulandela uLwesihlanu oMuhle: uSuku wemiNdeni, ogujwa ngenxa yokuvuka kukaJesu Khrestu kwabafileyo
* 21 uNdasa: uSuku lokuGuba amaLungelo waBantu. Luyisikhumbuzo lwokubhubhiswa kwabantu baseSharpeville ngenxa yokushisa ama-dompass.
* 27 uMbasa: uSuku lokuGuba iNkukuleko. Luyisikhumbuzo lokhetho wokuqala wentandoyeningi lapho abansundu bavumelekile ukuvota.
* 1 uNhlaba: uSuku lokuGuba abaSebenzi.
* 9 uNcwaba: uSuku lokuGuba abesiFazane. Luyisikhumbuzo sabesifazane benhlangano iBlack Sash abahambale eZakhiweni zeNyunyana ukumelana nobandlululo okwehlanga
* 24 uMandulo: uSuku lokuGuba amaSiko. Luyisikhumbuzo sokushona kweSilo samaBandla uShaka kaSenzangakhona Zulu
* 16 uZibandlela: uSuku lokuGuba ukuBuyiselana. Kwakuwusuku wokuguba ukunqoba kwamaBhunu empini yaseNcome
* 25 uZibandlela: uKhesimusi. Kugujwa ukuzalwa kukaJesu Khrestu.

=== Izimpawu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Uhlu lwezimpawu
!Uphawu
!Isithombe
!Igama
|-
|iNyoni
|[[File:2 Blue crane and the International Crane Foundation in Baraboo, Wisconsin.jpg|frameless|181x181px]]
|iNdwe (''Blue Crane'')
|-
|iNyamazane
|[[File:Antidorcas marsupialis, male (Etosha, 2012).jpg|frameless|182x182px]]
|iMpunzi (''Springbok'')
|-
|uMuthi
|[[File:Podocarpus latifolius - Cape Town - 3.JPG|frameless|180x180px]]
|umSonti (''Yellowwood'')
|-
|iNhlanzi
|[[File:Galjoen (Dichistius capensis).jpg|frameless|179x179px]]
|iDamba (''Galjoen'')
|-
|iMbali
|[[File:Protéa royale à Stellenbosch (Afrique du Sud).jpg|frameless|178x178px]]
|isiQalaba (''King Protea'')
|}

== Imithombo ==
{{Commonscat|South Africa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ningizimu Afrika, IRiphabliki yase}}

[[Category:Amazwe]]
[[Category:Amazwe eAfrika]]
[[Category:iNingizimu Afrika]]
[[Category:Afrika Eningizimu]]
{{Uhlu lwemithombo}}
{{Amazwe eAfrika}}

== Isixhumanisi Sangaphandle ==
[https://psira-verification.com/ PSIRA]</text>
      <sha1>1goqusi4n1qmq8ezpkd8mj6xy3m0zgv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IPhasika</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3218</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121933</id>
      <parentid>116424</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T15:13:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;__LEAD_SECTION__&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346729289|Easter]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>121933</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4609" sha1="9biwjl3exfsg2vzdojlhxw3xg4yxy02" xml:space="preserve">'''IPhasika''' usuku olugukwa minyaka yonke, ngokuthi kukhunjulwe usuku okwabethelwa ngalo [[IPhasika|UJesu Krestu]] esiphambanweni,eGolgotha.Lolu suku lugujwa emhlabeni wonke jikelele, kukhunjulwe ubuhlungu uJesu Krestu owadlula kukho, lokhu kwenziwa abazalwane noma amaKrestu. Lapha [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]] imvamisa ukuthi kube khona izinkonzo zePhasika ezindawenii ezahlukahlukene.

{{stub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phasika}}

[[Category:UbuKhrestu]]
[[Category:Amaholide]]
[[Category:Amaholide amaKhrestu]]


'''IPhasika''', elibizwa nangokuthi '''iSonto Lokuvuka''',  umkhosi wamaKristu kanye [[Umvalo|nomvalo]] oyisik wokukhumbula ukuvuka kukaJesu kwabafileyo, okuchaziswe eTestamenteni Elisha leBhayibheli njengokwenzeka ngosuku lwesithathu lokungcwatshwa kwakhe ngemva kokubethelwa kwakhe esiphambanweni ngamaRoma eGolgotah c. 30 AD .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=64–78}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

AmaKristu agcina iPhasika avame ukubhekisela esontweni lokugcina lokuzila (Lent), ngaphambi kwePhasika, njengeSonto Elingcwele, eliqala ngeSonto lamasundu ( eliphawula ukungena kukaJesu eJerusalema), lihlanganisa uLwesithathu lwezinhloli (lapho kulilelwa khona ukukhashelwa kukaJesu ),  futhi liqukethe izinsuku zePhasika Triduum okuhlanganisa uLwesine oluNgcwele, lokukhumbula iSidlo EsiNgcwele kanye neSidlo Sokugcina,   kanye [[Usuku lwephasika|noLwesihlanu Oluhle]], ukukhumbula ukubethelwa nokufa kukaJesu.  EbuKristwini baseMpumalanga, imicimbi efanayo ikhunjulwa ngamagama ezinsuku aqala ngokuthi &quot;Ngcwele&quot; noma &quot;Ngcwele futhi Omkhulu&quot;, kanti iPhasika ngokwalo lingabizwa ngokuthi iPhasika Elikhulu neliNgcwele. EbuKristwini baseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, iPhasika - elaziwa nangokuthi inkathi yePhasika - liqala ngeSonto lePhasika futhi liqhubeka amasonto ayisikhombisa, liphothule ngosuku lwama-50, ngeSonto lePhentekoste . Kodwa-ke, ebuKristwini baseMpumalanga, ukuthathwa kwedili kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-39, ngaphambi koMkhosi Wokwenyuka .

IPhasika nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo yimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe; usuku lwayo lubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni lelanga (unyaka welanga kanye nesigaba seNyanga) olufana nekhalenda lesiHebheru, okubangela izimpikiswano eziningana. UMkhandlu Wokuqala waseNicaea (325) wasungula ukugcinwa kwePhasika okuvamile yiwo wonke amaKristu ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga edilingene yokuqala ngosuku noma ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe.  Ngisho noma kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni likaGregory, usuku lwaleyo nyanga egcwele ngezinye izikhathi luyahluka kolwenyanga egcwele yokuqala yezinkanyezi ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe  ngoMashi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1923JRASC..17..141W|title=Clarence E. Woodman, &quot;Easter and the Ecclesiastical Calendar&quot; in ''Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada''|access-date=12 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lesiZulu evamile elithi Easter ngesiNgisi lithathwe egameni lesithixokazi sase-Anglo-Saxon elithi {{Lang|ang|[[Ēostre]]}} ; umkhosi walesi sithixokazi uhlotshaniswa nePhasika lamaJuda ngegama lalo, elithi ''Pascha'', (ngokwebhayibheli, kokubili ukubethelwa esiphambanweni kanye novuko kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika).    Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, kokubili iPhasika lamaKristu kanye nePhasika lamaJuda kubizwa ngegama elifanayo; futhi ezinguqulweni ezindala zesiNgisi zeBhayibheli, igama elithi Easter lalisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elithi iPhasika. 

Amasiko ePhasika ayahlukahluka kuwo wonke umhlaba wobuKristu, futhi afaka phakathi izinkonzo zokuphuma kwelanga noma imilindelo yasebusuku, ukumemeza kanye nokushintshana kwemikhonzo yePhasika, ukuhlobisa isiphambano ngezimbali, &lt;ref name=&quot;Whitehouse2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|page=95–96}}&lt;/ref&gt; ukugqokwa kwezigqoko zePhasika ngabesifazane,  kanye nokuhlobisa kanye nokuphulwa kwamaqanda ePhasika ngokuhlanganyela (uphawu lwethuna elingenalutho ).    I- Easter lily, uphawu lovuko ebuKristwini baseNtshonalanga,   ngokwesiko kuhlotshiswa indawo yesonto ngalolu suku kanye nangaso sonke isikhathi sePhasika .  Ngaphezu kokubukwa kwemidlalo yokubethelwa ngesikhathi sokuZila seLent nePhasika, amaziko amaningi kamabonakude asakaza izingqayi ezhlobene novuko, njenge- ''The Passion of the Christ'', ''The Greatest Story Ever Tolded'' kanye ne ''-The Jesus Film'' .  Amanye amasiko asehlotshaniswa nePhasika futhi agcinwa ngamaKristu kanye nabanye abangewona amaKristu afaka phakathi imibuthano yePhasika, ukudansa komphakathi (eMpumalanga Yurophu), i- Easter Bunny kanye nokuzingela amaqanda .      Kukhona nokudla kwendabuko kwama-Easter okuhlukahluka ngokwesifunda namasiko.</text>
      <sha1>9biwjl3exfsg2vzdojlhxw3xg4yxy02</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121934</id>
      <parentid>121933</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T15:31:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Date&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346729289|Easter]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>121934</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7240" sha1="lngc0nnzu7b8oak3nvdkjixf9owc0g2" xml:space="preserve">'''IPhasika''' usuku olugukwa minyaka yonke, ngokuthi kukhunjulwe usuku okwabethelwa ngalo [[IPhasika|UJesu Krestu]] esiphambanweni,eGolgotha.Lolu suku lugujwa emhlabeni wonke jikelele, kukhunjulwe ubuhlungu uJesu Krestu owadlula kukho, lokhu kwenziwa abazalwane noma amaKrestu. Lapha [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]] imvamisa ukuthi kube khona izinkonzo zePhasika ezindawenii ezahlukahlukene.

{{stub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phasika}}

[[Category:UbuKhrestu]]
[[Category:Amaholide]]
[[Category:Amaholide amaKhrestu]]


'''IPhasika''', elibizwa nangokuthi '''iSonto Lokuvuka''',  umkhosi wamaKristu kanye [[Umvalo|nomvalo]] oyisik wokukhumbula ukuvuka kukaJesu kwabafileyo, okuchaziswe eTestamenteni Elisha leBhayibheli njengokwenzeka ngosuku lwesithathu lokungcwatshwa kwakhe ngemva kokubethelwa kwakhe esiphambanweni ngamaRoma eGolgotah c. 30 AD .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=64–78}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

AmaKristu agcina iPhasika avame ukubhekisela esontweni lokugcina lokuzila (Lent), ngaphambi kwePhasika, njengeSonto Elingcwele, eliqala ngeSonto lamasundu ( eliphawula ukungena kukaJesu eJerusalema), lihlanganisa uLwesithathu lwezinhloli (lapho kulilelwa khona ukukhashelwa kukaJesu ),  futhi liqukethe izinsuku zePhasika Triduum okuhlanganisa uLwesine oluNgcwele, lokukhumbula iSidlo EsiNgcwele kanye neSidlo Sokugcina,   kanye [[Usuku lwephasika|noLwesihlanu Oluhle]], ukukhumbula ukubethelwa nokufa kukaJesu.  EbuKristwini baseMpumalanga, imicimbi efanayo ikhunjulwa ngamagama ezinsuku aqala ngokuthi &quot;Ngcwele&quot; noma &quot;Ngcwele futhi Omkhulu&quot;, kanti iPhasika ngokwalo lingabizwa ngokuthi iPhasika Elikhulu neliNgcwele. EbuKristwini baseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, iPhasika - elaziwa nangokuthi inkathi yePhasika - liqala ngeSonto lePhasika futhi liqhubeka amasonto ayisikhombisa, liphothule ngosuku lwama-50, ngeSonto lePhentekoste . Kodwa-ke, ebuKristwini baseMpumalanga, ukuthathwa kwedili kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-39, ngaphambi koMkhosi Wokwenyuka .

IPhasika nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo yimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe; usuku lwayo lubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni lelanga (unyaka welanga kanye nesigaba seNyanga) olufana nekhalenda lesiHebheru, okubangela izimpikiswano eziningana. UMkhandlu Wokuqala waseNicaea (325) wasungula ukugcinwa kwePhasika okuvamile yiwo wonke amaKristu ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga edilingene yokuqala ngosuku noma ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe.  Ngisho noma kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni likaGregory, usuku lwaleyo nyanga egcwele ngezinye izikhathi luyahluka kolwenyanga egcwele yokuqala yezinkanyezi ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe  ngoMashi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1923JRASC..17..141W|title=Clarence E. Woodman, &quot;Easter and the Ecclesiastical Calendar&quot; in ''Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada''|access-date=12 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lesiZulu evamile elithi Easter ngesiNgisi lithathwe egameni lesithixokazi sase-Anglo-Saxon elithi {{Lang|ang|[[Ēostre]]}} ; umkhosi walesi sithixokazi uhlotshaniswa nePhasika lamaJuda ngegama lalo, elithi ''Pascha'', (ngokwebhayibheli, kokubili ukubethelwa esiphambanweni kanye novuko kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika).    Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, kokubili iPhasika lamaKristu kanye nePhasika lamaJuda kubizwa ngegama elifanayo; futhi ezinguqulweni ezindala zesiNgisi zeBhayibheli, igama elithi Easter lalisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elithi iPhasika. 

Amasiko ePhasika ayahlukahluka kuwo wonke umhlaba wobuKristu, futhi afaka phakathi izinkonzo zokuphuma kwelanga noma imilindelo yasebusuku, ukumemeza kanye nokushintshana kwemikhonzo yePhasika, ukuhlobisa isiphambano ngezimbali, &lt;ref name=&quot;Whitehouse2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|page=95–96}}&lt;/ref&gt; ukugqokwa kwezigqoko zePhasika ngabesifazane,  kanye nokuhlobisa kanye nokuphulwa kwamaqanda ePhasika ngokuhlanganyela (uphawu lwethuna elingenalutho ).    I- Easter lily, uphawu lovuko ebuKristwini baseNtshonalanga,   ngokwesiko kuhlotshiswa indawo yesonto ngalolu suku kanye nangaso sonke isikhathi sePhasika .  Ngaphezu kokubukwa kwemidlalo yokubethelwa ngesikhathi sokuZila seLent nePhasika, amaziko amaningi kamabonakude asakaza izingqayi ezhlobene novuko, njenge- ''The Passion of the Christ'', ''The Greatest Story Ever Tolded'' kanye ne ''-The Jesus Film'' .  Amanye amasiko asehlotshaniswa nePhasika futhi agcinwa ngamaKristu kanye nabanye abangewona amaKristu afaka phakathi imibuthano yePhasika, ukudansa komphakathi (eMpumalanga Yurophu), i- Easter Bunny kanye nokuzingela amaqanda .      Kukhona nokudla kwendabuko kwama-Easter okuhlukahluka ngokwesifunda namasiko.

== Usuku lwePhasika ==


IPhasika kanye nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo kuyimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe noluqondile kumakhalenda kaGregory noma kaJulian (womabili alandela umjikelezo welanga nezinkathi zonyaka). Kunalokho, usuku lwePhasika lunqunywa ekhalendeni lelanganyanga elifana nekhalenda lesiHebheru .

=== Izimpikiswano zeBandla Lokuqala ===
[[File:5part-icon.jpeg|thumb|Isithonjana sama-Orthodox aseRussia esinezingxenye ezinhlanu esibonisa indaba yePhasika. AmaKristu ama-Orthodox aseMpumalanga asebenzisa indlela yokubala ehlukile yosuku lwePhasika kunamasonto aseNtshonalanga.]]
Usuku oluqondile lwePhasika ngezinye izikhathi luye lwaba yindaba ekuphikiswana ngayo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesibili, kwakwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi ukugujwa kwalolusuku kwakuyisiko labafundi kanye nesiko elingenakuphikiswa. Impikiswano yamaQuartodeciman, ekwaba eyokuqala ezimpikiswaneni eziningana ngePhasika, yasuka mayelana nosuku okufanele kugujwe ngalo iPhasika. &lt;ref name=&quot;NEW ADVENT 1909&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Thurston|first=Herbert|title=Easter Controversy|encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia|date=1909-05-01|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05228a.htm|access-date=2023-04-23|location=New York|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|volume=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama elithi &quot;iQuartodeciman&quot; libhekisela emkhubeni wokuqeda ukuzila ukudla kweLente ngoNisan 14 wekhalenda lesiHebheru, &quot;iphasika leNkosi&quot;.  Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando sesonto u-Eusebius, omunye oyi-Quartodeciman uPolycarp (umbhishobhi waseSmirna, ngokwesiko umfundi kaJohane uMphostoli ) waxoxa ngalo mbuzo no -Anicetus (umbhishobhi waseRoma). Isifundazwe saseRoma sase-Asia sasegcwele ama-Quartodeciman, kuyilapho amasonto aseRoma nase-Alexandria aqhubeka nokuzila ukudla kwaze kwaba yiSonto elilandelayo (iSonto Lesinkwa Esingenamvubelo), efisa ukuhlanganisa iPhasika neSonto. UPolycarp no-Anicetus abazange bancenge omunye, kodwa abazange bacabangele le ndaba njengehlukanisa ibandla, bahlukana ngokuthula futhi bashiya umbuzo ungaxazululiwe. 

Kwavela impikiswano lapho uVictor, umbhishobhi waseRoma wesizukulwane esilandela u-Anicetus, ezama ukuxosha amaPolycrates ase-Efesu nabo bonke abanye ababhishobhi base-Asia ngenxa yobuQuartodecimanism babo. Ngokusho kuka-Eusebius, kwahlanganiswa imikhandlu eminingana ukuze kuxazululwe impikiswano.  UPolycrates ( c. 190 ), nokho, wabhalela uVictor evikela ubuqaba be-Asian Quartodecimanism. Ukuzama kukaVictor ukuxoshwa ebandleni kubonakala sengathi kwahoxiswa, futhi izinhlangothi zombili zavumelana ngokungenelela kombhishobhi u-Irenaeus nabanye, abakhumbuza uVictor ngesibonelo sika-Anicetus sokubekezelela.</text>
      <sha1>lngc0nnzu7b8oak3nvdkjixf9owc0g2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121935</id>
      <parentid>121934</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T15:36:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Early Christianity&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346729289|Easter]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>121935</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9012" sha1="8wb12b9z1klapl2b4lfb9rtt15al43r" xml:space="preserve">'''IPhasika''' usuku olugukwa minyaka yonke, ngokuthi kukhunjulwe usuku okwabethelwa ngalo [[IPhasika|UJesu Krestu]] esiphambanweni,eGolgotha.Lolu suku lugujwa emhlabeni wonke jikelele, kukhunjulwe ubuhlungu uJesu Krestu owadlula kukho, lokhu kwenziwa abazalwane noma amaKrestu. Lapha [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]] imvamisa ukuthi kube khona izinkonzo zePhasika ezindawenii ezahlukahlukene.

{{stub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phasika}}

[[Category:UbuKhrestu]]
[[Category:Amaholide]]
[[Category:Amaholide amaKhrestu]]


'''IPhasika''', elibizwa nangokuthi '''iSonto Lokuvuka''',  umkhosi wamaKristu kanye [[Umvalo|nomvalo]] oyisik wokukhumbula ukuvuka kukaJesu kwabafileyo, okuchaziswe eTestamenteni Elisha leBhayibheli njengokwenzeka ngosuku lwesithathu lokungcwatshwa kwakhe ngemva kokubethelwa kwakhe esiphambanweni ngamaRoma eGolgotah c. 30 AD .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=64–78}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

AmaKristu agcina iPhasika avame ukubhekisela esontweni lokugcina lokuzila (Lent), ngaphambi kwePhasika, njengeSonto Elingcwele, eliqala ngeSonto lamasundu ( eliphawula ukungena kukaJesu eJerusalema), lihlanganisa uLwesithathu lwezinhloli (lapho kulilelwa khona ukukhashelwa kukaJesu ),  futhi liqukethe izinsuku zePhasika Triduum okuhlanganisa uLwesine oluNgcwele, lokukhumbula iSidlo EsiNgcwele kanye neSidlo Sokugcina,   kanye [[Usuku lwephasika|noLwesihlanu Oluhle]], ukukhumbula ukubethelwa nokufa kukaJesu.  EbuKristwini baseMpumalanga, imicimbi efanayo ikhunjulwa ngamagama ezinsuku aqala ngokuthi &quot;Ngcwele&quot; noma &quot;Ngcwele futhi Omkhulu&quot;, kanti iPhasika ngokwalo lingabizwa ngokuthi iPhasika Elikhulu neliNgcwele. EbuKristwini baseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, iPhasika - elaziwa nangokuthi inkathi yePhasika - liqala ngeSonto lePhasika futhi liqhubeka amasonto ayisikhombisa, liphothule ngosuku lwama-50, ngeSonto lePhentekoste . Kodwa-ke, ebuKristwini baseMpumalanga, ukuthathwa kwedili kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-39, ngaphambi koMkhosi Wokwenyuka .

IPhasika nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo yimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe; usuku lwayo lubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni lelanga (unyaka welanga kanye nesigaba seNyanga) olufana nekhalenda lesiHebheru, okubangela izimpikiswano eziningana. UMkhandlu Wokuqala waseNicaea (325) wasungula ukugcinwa kwePhasika okuvamile yiwo wonke amaKristu ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga edilingene yokuqala ngosuku noma ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe.  Ngisho noma kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni likaGregory, usuku lwaleyo nyanga egcwele ngezinye izikhathi luyahluka kolwenyanga egcwele yokuqala yezinkanyezi ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe  ngoMashi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1923JRASC..17..141W|title=Clarence E. Woodman, &quot;Easter and the Ecclesiastical Calendar&quot; in ''Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada''|access-date=12 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lesiZulu evamile elithi Easter ngesiNgisi lithathwe egameni lesithixokazi sase-Anglo-Saxon elithi {{Lang|ang|[[Ēostre]]}} ; umkhosi walesi sithixokazi uhlotshaniswa nePhasika lamaJuda ngegama lalo, elithi ''Pascha'', (ngokwebhayibheli, kokubili ukubethelwa esiphambanweni kanye novuko kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika).    Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, kokubili iPhasika lamaKristu kanye nePhasika lamaJuda kubizwa ngegama elifanayo; futhi ezinguqulweni ezindala zesiNgisi zeBhayibheli, igama elithi Easter lalisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elithi iPhasika. 

Amasiko ePhasika ayahlukahluka kuwo wonke umhlaba wobuKristu, futhi afaka phakathi izinkonzo zokuphuma kwelanga noma imilindelo yasebusuku, ukumemeza kanye nokushintshana kwemikhonzo yePhasika, ukuhlobisa isiphambano ngezimbali, &lt;ref name=&quot;Whitehouse2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|page=95–96}}&lt;/ref&gt; ukugqokwa kwezigqoko zePhasika ngabesifazane,  kanye nokuhlobisa kanye nokuphulwa kwamaqanda ePhasika ngokuhlanganyela (uphawu lwethuna elingenalutho ).    I- Easter lily, uphawu lovuko ebuKristwini baseNtshonalanga,   ngokwesiko kuhlotshiswa indawo yesonto ngalolu suku kanye nangaso sonke isikhathi sePhasika .  Ngaphezu kokubukwa kwemidlalo yokubethelwa ngesikhathi sokuZila seLent nePhasika, amaziko amaningi kamabonakude asakaza izingqayi ezhlobene novuko, njenge- ''The Passion of the Christ'', ''The Greatest Story Ever Tolded'' kanye ne ''-The Jesus Film'' .  Amanye amasiko asehlotshaniswa nePhasika futhi agcinwa ngamaKristu kanye nabanye abangewona amaKristu afaka phakathi imibuthano yePhasika, ukudansa komphakathi (eMpumalanga Yurophu), i- Easter Bunny kanye nokuzingela amaqanda .      Kukhona nokudla kwendabuko kwama-Easter okuhlukahluka ngokwesifunda namasiko.

== Usuku lwePhasika ==


IPhasika kanye nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo kuyimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe noluqondile kumakhalenda kaGregory noma kaJulian (womabili alandela umjikelezo welanga nezinkathi zonyaka). Kunalokho, usuku lwePhasika lunqunywa ekhalendeni lelanganyanga elifana nekhalenda lesiHebheru .

=== Izimpikiswano zeBandla Lokuqala ===
[[File:5part-icon.jpeg|thumb|Isithonjana sama-Orthodox aseRussia esinezingxenye ezinhlanu esibonisa indaba yePhasika. AmaKristu ama-Orthodox aseMpumalanga asebenzisa indlela yokubala ehlukile yosuku lwePhasika kunamasonto aseNtshonalanga.]]
Usuku oluqondile lwePhasika ngezinye izikhathi luye lwaba yindaba ekuphikiswana ngayo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesibili, kwakwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi ukugujwa kwalolusuku kwakuyisiko labafundi kanye nesiko elingenakuphikiswa. Impikiswano yamaQuartodeciman, ekwaba eyokuqala ezimpikiswaneni eziningana ngePhasika, yasuka mayelana nosuku okufanele kugujwe ngalo iPhasika. &lt;ref name=&quot;NEW ADVENT 1909&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Thurston|first=Herbert|title=Easter Controversy|encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia|date=1909-05-01|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05228a.htm|access-date=2023-04-23|location=New York|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|volume=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama elithi &quot;iQuartodeciman&quot; libhekisela emkhubeni wokuqeda ukuzila ukudla kweLente ngoNisan 14 wekhalenda lesiHebheru, &quot;iphasika leNkosi&quot;.  Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando sesonto u-Eusebius, omunye oyi-Quartodeciman uPolycarp (umbhishobhi waseSmirna, ngokwesiko umfundi kaJohane uMphostoli ) waxoxa ngalo mbuzo no -Anicetus (umbhishobhi waseRoma). Isifundazwe saseRoma sase-Asia sasegcwele ama-Quartodeciman, kuyilapho amasonto aseRoma nase-Alexandria aqhubeka nokuzila ukudla kwaze kwaba yiSonto elilandelayo (iSonto Lesinkwa Esingenamvubelo), efisa ukuhlanganisa iPhasika neSonto. UPolycarp no-Anicetus abazange bancenge omunye, kodwa abazange bacabangele le ndaba njengehlukanisa ibandla, bahlukana ngokuthula futhi bashiya umbuzo ungaxazululiwe. 

Kwavela impikiswano lapho uVictor, umbhishobhi waseRoma wesizukulwane esilandela u-Anicetus, ezama ukuxosha amaPolycrates ase-Efesu nabo bonke abanye ababhishobhi base-Asia ngenxa yobuQuartodecimanism babo. Ngokusho kuka-Eusebius, kwahlanganiswa imikhandlu eminingana ukuze kuxazululwe impikiswano.  UPolycrates ( c. 190 ), nokho, wabhalela uVictor evikela ubuqaba be-Asian Quartodecimanism. Ukuzama kukaVictor ukuxoshwa ebandleni kubonakala sengathi kwahoxiswa, futhi izinhlangothi zombili zavumelana ngokungenelela kombhishobhi u-Irenaeus nabanye, abakhumbuza uVictor ngesibonelo sika-Anicetus sokubekezelela.

== UbuKrsitu bokuqala ==


[[File:The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg|thumb|''[[The Last Supper|Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina]]'' (1495–1498). umdwebo, i-tempera on gesso. ESontweni laseSanta Maria delle Grazie, eMilan, e-Italy, kuyincazelo [[Leonardo da Vinci|kaLeonardo da Vinci]] ephawulekayo yesidlo sokugcina sikaJesu ngaphambi kokufa. Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina esigujwa uJesu nabafundi bakhe. ]]
Njengoba amaVangeli egomela ukuthi kokubili ukubethelwa nokuvuka kukaJesu kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika, amaKristu okuqala abeka isikhathi sokugubha umkhosi waminyaka yonke wovuko maqondana nePhasika.  Ubufakazi obuqondile bomkhosi wamaKristu wePhasika buqala ukuvela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-2. Mhlawumbe umthombo wokuqala okhona obhekisela kuPhasika yintshumayelo yePhasika yaphakathi nekhulu lesi-2 eqanjwe kuMelito waseSardis, echaza lo mkhosi njengowasungulwa ngendlela ekahle. &lt;ref name=&quot;Melito&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=[[Melito of Sardis]]|title=Homily on the Pascha|url=http://www.kerux.com/documents/KeruxV4N1A1.asp|access-date=28 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubufakazi bolunye uhlobo lomkhosi wamaKristu ogujwa minyaka yonke, labo abakhumbula abafel’ ukholo, baqala ukuvela cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo sentshumayelo engenhla. 

Nakuba izinsuku zabafel 'ukholo (ngokuvamile izinsuku ngazinye zokufel' ukholo) zazigujwa ngezinsuku ezimisiwe ekhalendeni lelanga lendawo, usuku lwePhasika lwalunqunywa ngekhalenda lelanga lamaJuda lendawo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Genung|first=Charles Harvey|title=The Reform of the Calendar|jstor=25105305|journal=The North American Review|volume=179|issue=575|date=1904|pages=569–583}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Lokhu kuhambisana nomkhosi wePhasika owangena ebuKristwini ngesikhathi sokuqala kwawo, enkathini yamaJuda .</text>
      <sha1>8wb12b9z1klapl2b4lfb9rtt15al43r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121936</id>
      <parentid>121935</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T15:37:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121936</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4178" sha1="o9one4luoxi4ruy1ucqdqwt0pwc7mei" xml:space="preserve">{{DEFAULTSORT:Phasika}}

[[Category:UbuKhrestu]]
[[Category:Amaholide]]
[[Category:Amaholide amaKhrestu]]
'''IPhasika''', elibizwa nangokuthi '''iSonto Lokuvuka''',  umkhosi wamaKristu kanye [[Umvalo|nomvalo]] oyisik wokukhumbula ukuvuka kukaJesu kwabafileyo, okuchaziswe eTestamenteni Elisha leBhayibheli njengokwenzeka ngosuku lwesithathu lokungcwatshwa kwakhe ngemva kokubethelwa kwakhe esiphambanweni ngamaRoma eGolgotah c. 30 AD .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=64–78}}&lt;/ref&gt;

AmaKristu agcina iPhasika avame ukubhekisela esontweni lokugcina lokuzila (Lent), ngaphambi kwePhasika, njengeSonto Elingcwele, eliqala ngeSonto lamasundu ( eliphawula ukungena kukaJesu eJerusalema), lihlanganisa uLwesithathu lwezinhloli (lapho kulilelwa khona ukukhashelwa kukaJesu ),  futhi liqukethe izinsuku zePhasika Triduum okuhlanganisa uLwesine oluNgcwele, lokukhumbula iSidlo EsiNgcwele kanye neSidlo Sokugcina,   kanye [[Usuku lwephasika|noLwesihlanu Oluhle]], ukukhumbula ukubethelwa nokufa kukaJesu.  EbuKristwini baseMpumalanga, imicimbi efanayo ikhunjulwa ngamagama ezinsuku aqala ngokuthi &quot;Ngcwele&quot; noma &quot;Ngcwele futhi Omkhulu&quot;, kanti iPhasika ngokwalo lingabizwa ngokuthi iPhasika Elikhulu neliNgcwele. EbuKristwini baseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, iPhasika - elaziwa nangokuthi inkathi yePhasika - liqala ngeSonto lePhasika futhi liqhubeka amasonto ayisikhombisa, liphothule ngosuku lwama-50, ngeSonto lePhentekoste . Kodwa-ke, ebuKristwini baseMpumalanga, ukuthathwa kwedili kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-39, ngaphambi koMkhosi Wokwenyuka .

IPhasika nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo yimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe; usuku lwayo lubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni lelanga (unyaka welanga kanye nesigaba seNyanga) olufana nekhalenda lesiHebheru, okubangela izimpikiswano eziningana. UMkhandlu Wokuqala waseNicaea (325) wasungula ukugcinwa kwePhasika okuvamile yiwo wonke amaKristu ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga edilingene yokuqala ngosuku noma ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe.  Ngisho noma kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni likaGregory, usuku lwaleyo nyanga egcwele ngezinye izikhathi luyahluka kolwenyanga egcwele yokuqala yezinkanyezi ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe  ngoMashi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1923JRASC..17..141W|title=Clarence E. Woodman, &quot;Easter and the Ecclesiastical Calendar&quot; in ''Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada''|access-date=12 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lesiZulu evamile elithi Easter ngesiNgisi lithathwe egameni lesithixokazi sase-Anglo-Saxon elithi {{Lang|ang|[[Ēostre]]}} ; umkhosi walesi sithixokazi uhlotshaniswa nePhasika lamaJuda ngegama lalo, elithi ''Pascha'', (ngokwebhayibheli, kokubili ukubethelwa esiphambanweni kanye novuko kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika).    Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, kokubili iPhasika lamaKristu kanye nePhasika lamaJuda kubizwa ngegama elifanayo; futhi ezinguqulweni ezindala zesiNgisi zeBhayibheli, igama elithi Easter lalisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elithi iPhasika. 

Amasiko ePhasika ayahlukahluka kuwo wonke umhlaba wobuKristu, futhi afaka phakathi izinkonzo zokuphuma kwelanga noma imilindelo yasebusuku, ukumemeza kanye nokushintshana kwemikhonzo yePhasika, ukuhlobisa isiphambano ngezimbali, &lt;ref name=&quot;Whitehouse2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|page=95–96}}&lt;/ref&gt; ukugqokwa kwezigqoko zePhasika ngabesifazane,  kanye nokuhlobisa kanye nokuphulwa kwamaqanda ePhasika ngokuhlanganyela (uphawu lwethuna elingenalutho ).    I- Easter lily, uphawu lovuko ebuKristwini baseNtshonalanga,   ngokwesiko kuhlotshiswa indawo yesonto ngalolu suku kanye nangaso sonke isikhathi sePhasika .  Ngaphezu kokubukwa kwemidlalo yokubethelwa ngesikhathi sokuZila seLent nePhasika, amaziko amaningi kamabonakude asakaza izingqayi ezhlobene novuko, njenge- ''The Passion of the Christ'', ''The Greatest Story Ever Tolded'' kanye ne ''-The Jesus Film'' .  Amanye amasiko asehlotshaniswa nePhasika futhi agcinwa ngamaKristu kanye nabanye abangewona amaKristu afaka phakathi imibuthano yePhasika, ukudansa komphakathi (eMpumalanga Yurophu), i- Easter Bunny kanye nokuzingela amaqanda .      Kukhona nokudla kwendabuko kwama-Easter okuhlukahluka ngokwesifunda namasiko.</text>
      <sha1>o9one4luoxi4ruy1ucqdqwt0pwc7mei</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121937</id>
      <parentid>121936</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T15:46:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undid revision [[Special:Diff/121936|121936]] by [[Special:Contributions/Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]])</comment>
      <origin>121937</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9012" sha1="8wb12b9z1klapl2b4lfb9rtt15al43r" xml:space="preserve">'''IPhasika''' usuku olugukwa minyaka yonke, ngokuthi kukhunjulwe usuku okwabethelwa ngalo [[IPhasika|UJesu Krestu]] esiphambanweni,eGolgotha.Lolu suku lugujwa emhlabeni wonke jikelele, kukhunjulwe ubuhlungu uJesu Krestu owadlula kukho, lokhu kwenziwa abazalwane noma amaKrestu. Lapha [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]] imvamisa ukuthi kube khona izinkonzo zePhasika ezindawenii ezahlukahlukene.

{{stub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phasika}}

[[Category:UbuKhrestu]]
[[Category:Amaholide]]
[[Category:Amaholide amaKhrestu]]


'''IPhasika''', elibizwa nangokuthi '''iSonto Lokuvuka''',  umkhosi wamaKristu kanye [[Umvalo|nomvalo]] oyisik wokukhumbula ukuvuka kukaJesu kwabafileyo, okuchaziswe eTestamenteni Elisha leBhayibheli njengokwenzeka ngosuku lwesithathu lokungcwatshwa kwakhe ngemva kokubethelwa kwakhe esiphambanweni ngamaRoma eGolgotah c. 30 AD .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=64–78}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

AmaKristu agcina iPhasika avame ukubhekisela esontweni lokugcina lokuzila (Lent), ngaphambi kwePhasika, njengeSonto Elingcwele, eliqala ngeSonto lamasundu ( eliphawula ukungena kukaJesu eJerusalema), lihlanganisa uLwesithathu lwezinhloli (lapho kulilelwa khona ukukhashelwa kukaJesu ),  futhi liqukethe izinsuku zePhasika Triduum okuhlanganisa uLwesine oluNgcwele, lokukhumbula iSidlo EsiNgcwele kanye neSidlo Sokugcina,   kanye [[Usuku lwephasika|noLwesihlanu Oluhle]], ukukhumbula ukubethelwa nokufa kukaJesu.  EbuKristwini baseMpumalanga, imicimbi efanayo ikhunjulwa ngamagama ezinsuku aqala ngokuthi &quot;Ngcwele&quot; noma &quot;Ngcwele futhi Omkhulu&quot;, kanti iPhasika ngokwalo lingabizwa ngokuthi iPhasika Elikhulu neliNgcwele. EbuKristwini baseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, iPhasika - elaziwa nangokuthi inkathi yePhasika - liqala ngeSonto lePhasika futhi liqhubeka amasonto ayisikhombisa, liphothule ngosuku lwama-50, ngeSonto lePhentekoste . Kodwa-ke, ebuKristwini baseMpumalanga, ukuthathwa kwedili kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-39, ngaphambi koMkhosi Wokwenyuka .

IPhasika nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo yimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe; usuku lwayo lubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni lelanga (unyaka welanga kanye nesigaba seNyanga) olufana nekhalenda lesiHebheru, okubangela izimpikiswano eziningana. UMkhandlu Wokuqala waseNicaea (325) wasungula ukugcinwa kwePhasika okuvamile yiwo wonke amaKristu ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga edilingene yokuqala ngosuku noma ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe.  Ngisho noma kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni likaGregory, usuku lwaleyo nyanga egcwele ngezinye izikhathi luyahluka kolwenyanga egcwele yokuqala yezinkanyezi ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe  ngoMashi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1923JRASC..17..141W|title=Clarence E. Woodman, &quot;Easter and the Ecclesiastical Calendar&quot; in ''Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada''|access-date=12 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lesiZulu evamile elithi Easter ngesiNgisi lithathwe egameni lesithixokazi sase-Anglo-Saxon elithi {{Lang|ang|[[Ēostre]]}} ; umkhosi walesi sithixokazi uhlotshaniswa nePhasika lamaJuda ngegama lalo, elithi ''Pascha'', (ngokwebhayibheli, kokubili ukubethelwa esiphambanweni kanye novuko kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika).    Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, kokubili iPhasika lamaKristu kanye nePhasika lamaJuda kubizwa ngegama elifanayo; futhi ezinguqulweni ezindala zesiNgisi zeBhayibheli, igama elithi Easter lalisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elithi iPhasika. 

Amasiko ePhasika ayahlukahluka kuwo wonke umhlaba wobuKristu, futhi afaka phakathi izinkonzo zokuphuma kwelanga noma imilindelo yasebusuku, ukumemeza kanye nokushintshana kwemikhonzo yePhasika, ukuhlobisa isiphambano ngezimbali, &lt;ref name=&quot;Whitehouse2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|page=95–96}}&lt;/ref&gt; ukugqokwa kwezigqoko zePhasika ngabesifazane,  kanye nokuhlobisa kanye nokuphulwa kwamaqanda ePhasika ngokuhlanganyela (uphawu lwethuna elingenalutho ).    I- Easter lily, uphawu lovuko ebuKristwini baseNtshonalanga,   ngokwesiko kuhlotshiswa indawo yesonto ngalolu suku kanye nangaso sonke isikhathi sePhasika .  Ngaphezu kokubukwa kwemidlalo yokubethelwa ngesikhathi sokuZila seLent nePhasika, amaziko amaningi kamabonakude asakaza izingqayi ezhlobene novuko, njenge- ''The Passion of the Christ'', ''The Greatest Story Ever Tolded'' kanye ne ''-The Jesus Film'' .  Amanye amasiko asehlotshaniswa nePhasika futhi agcinwa ngamaKristu kanye nabanye abangewona amaKristu afaka phakathi imibuthano yePhasika, ukudansa komphakathi (eMpumalanga Yurophu), i- Easter Bunny kanye nokuzingela amaqanda .      Kukhona nokudla kwendabuko kwama-Easter okuhlukahluka ngokwesifunda namasiko.

== Usuku lwePhasika ==


IPhasika kanye nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo kuyimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe noluqondile kumakhalenda kaGregory noma kaJulian (womabili alandela umjikelezo welanga nezinkathi zonyaka). Kunalokho, usuku lwePhasika lunqunywa ekhalendeni lelanganyanga elifana nekhalenda lesiHebheru .

=== Izimpikiswano zeBandla Lokuqala ===
[[File:5part-icon.jpeg|thumb|Isithonjana sama-Orthodox aseRussia esinezingxenye ezinhlanu esibonisa indaba yePhasika. AmaKristu ama-Orthodox aseMpumalanga asebenzisa indlela yokubala ehlukile yosuku lwePhasika kunamasonto aseNtshonalanga.]]
Usuku oluqondile lwePhasika ngezinye izikhathi luye lwaba yindaba ekuphikiswana ngayo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesibili, kwakwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi ukugujwa kwalolusuku kwakuyisiko labafundi kanye nesiko elingenakuphikiswa. Impikiswano yamaQuartodeciman, ekwaba eyokuqala ezimpikiswaneni eziningana ngePhasika, yasuka mayelana nosuku okufanele kugujwe ngalo iPhasika. &lt;ref name=&quot;NEW ADVENT 1909&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Thurston|first=Herbert|title=Easter Controversy|encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia|date=1909-05-01|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05228a.htm|access-date=2023-04-23|location=New York|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|volume=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama elithi &quot;iQuartodeciman&quot; libhekisela emkhubeni wokuqeda ukuzila ukudla kweLente ngoNisan 14 wekhalenda lesiHebheru, &quot;iphasika leNkosi&quot;.  Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando sesonto u-Eusebius, omunye oyi-Quartodeciman uPolycarp (umbhishobhi waseSmirna, ngokwesiko umfundi kaJohane uMphostoli ) waxoxa ngalo mbuzo no -Anicetus (umbhishobhi waseRoma). Isifundazwe saseRoma sase-Asia sasegcwele ama-Quartodeciman, kuyilapho amasonto aseRoma nase-Alexandria aqhubeka nokuzila ukudla kwaze kwaba yiSonto elilandelayo (iSonto Lesinkwa Esingenamvubelo), efisa ukuhlanganisa iPhasika neSonto. UPolycarp no-Anicetus abazange bancenge omunye, kodwa abazange bacabangele le ndaba njengehlukanisa ibandla, bahlukana ngokuthula futhi bashiya umbuzo ungaxazululiwe. 

Kwavela impikiswano lapho uVictor, umbhishobhi waseRoma wesizukulwane esilandela u-Anicetus, ezama ukuxosha amaPolycrates ase-Efesu nabo bonke abanye ababhishobhi base-Asia ngenxa yobuQuartodecimanism babo. Ngokusho kuka-Eusebius, kwahlanganiswa imikhandlu eminingana ukuze kuxazululwe impikiswano.  UPolycrates ( c. 190 ), nokho, wabhalela uVictor evikela ubuqaba be-Asian Quartodecimanism. Ukuzama kukaVictor ukuxoshwa ebandleni kubonakala sengathi kwahoxiswa, futhi izinhlangothi zombili zavumelana ngokungenelela kombhishobhi u-Irenaeus nabanye, abakhumbuza uVictor ngesibonelo sika-Anicetus sokubekezelela.

== UbuKrsitu bokuqala ==


[[File:The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg|thumb|''[[The Last Supper|Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina]]'' (1495–1498). umdwebo, i-tempera on gesso. ESontweni laseSanta Maria delle Grazie, eMilan, e-Italy, kuyincazelo [[Leonardo da Vinci|kaLeonardo da Vinci]] ephawulekayo yesidlo sokugcina sikaJesu ngaphambi kokufa. Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina esigujwa uJesu nabafundi bakhe. ]]
Njengoba amaVangeli egomela ukuthi kokubili ukubethelwa nokuvuka kukaJesu kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika, amaKristu okuqala abeka isikhathi sokugubha umkhosi waminyaka yonke wovuko maqondana nePhasika.  Ubufakazi obuqondile bomkhosi wamaKristu wePhasika buqala ukuvela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-2. Mhlawumbe umthombo wokuqala okhona obhekisela kuPhasika yintshumayelo yePhasika yaphakathi nekhulu lesi-2 eqanjwe kuMelito waseSardis, echaza lo mkhosi njengowasungulwa ngendlela ekahle. &lt;ref name=&quot;Melito&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=[[Melito of Sardis]]|title=Homily on the Pascha|url=http://www.kerux.com/documents/KeruxV4N1A1.asp|access-date=28 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubufakazi bolunye uhlobo lomkhosi wamaKristu ogujwa minyaka yonke, labo abakhumbula abafel’ ukholo, baqala ukuvela cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo sentshumayelo engenhla. 

Nakuba izinsuku zabafel 'ukholo (ngokuvamile izinsuku ngazinye zokufel' ukholo) zazigujwa ngezinsuku ezimisiwe ekhalendeni lelanga lendawo, usuku lwePhasika lwalunqunywa ngekhalenda lelanga lamaJuda lendawo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Genung|first=Charles Harvey|title=The Reform of the Calendar|jstor=25105305|journal=The North American Review|volume=179|issue=575|date=1904|pages=569–583}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Lokhu kuhambisana nomkhosi wePhasika owangena ebuKristwini ngesikhathi sokuqala kwawo, enkathini yamaJuda .</text>
      <sha1>8wb12b9z1klapl2b4lfb9rtt15al43r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121938</id>
      <parentid>121937</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T15:48:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121938</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8581" sha1="gyqle038515tw7oki6w2uwo95quo0k9" xml:space="preserve">{{DEFAULTSORT:Phasika}}

[[Category:UbuKhrestu]]
[[Category:Amaholide]]
[[Category:Amaholide amaKhrestu]]
'''IPhasika''', elibizwa nangokuthi '''iSonto Lokuvuka''',  umkhosi wamaKristu kanye [[Umvalo|nomvalo]] oyisik wokukhumbula ukuvuka kukaJesu kwabafileyo, okuchaziswe eTestamenteni Elisha leBhayibheli njengokwenzeka ngosuku lwesithathu lokungcwatshwa kwakhe ngemva kokubethelwa kwakhe esiphambanweni ngamaRoma eGolgotah c. 30 AD .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=64–78}}&lt;/ref&gt;

AmaKristu agcina iPhasika avame ukubhekisela esontweni lokugcina lokuzila (Lent), ngaphambi kwePhasika, njengeSonto Elingcwele, eliqala ngeSonto lamasundu ( eliphawula ukungena kukaJesu eJerusalema), lihlanganisa uLwesithathu lwezinhloli (lapho kulilelwa khona ukukhashelwa kukaJesu ),  futhi liqukethe izinsuku zePhasika Triduum okuhlanganisa uLwesine oluNgcwele, lokukhumbula iSidlo EsiNgcwele kanye neSidlo Sokugcina,   kanye [[Usuku lwephasika|noLwesihlanu Oluhle]], ukukhumbula ukubethelwa nokufa kukaJesu.  EbuKristwini baseMpumalanga, imicimbi efanayo ikhunjulwa ngamagama ezinsuku aqala ngokuthi &quot;Ngcwele&quot; noma &quot;Ngcwele futhi Omkhulu&quot;, kanti iPhasika ngokwalo lingabizwa ngokuthi iPhasika Elikhulu neliNgcwele. EbuKristwini baseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, iPhasika - elaziwa nangokuthi inkathi yePhasika - liqala ngeSonto lePhasika futhi liqhubeka amasonto ayisikhombisa, liphothule ngosuku lwama-50, ngeSonto lePhentekoste . Kodwa-ke, ebuKristwini baseMpumalanga, ukuthathwa kwedili kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-39, ngaphambi koMkhosi Wokwenyuka .

IPhasika nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo yimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe; usuku lwayo lubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni lelanga (unyaka welanga kanye nesigaba seNyanga) olufana nekhalenda lesiHebheru, okubangela izimpikiswano eziningana. UMkhandlu Wokuqala waseNicaea (325) wasungula ukugcinwa kwePhasika okuvamile yiwo wonke amaKristu ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga edilingene yokuqala ngosuku noma ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe.  Ngisho noma kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni likaGregory, usuku lwaleyo nyanga egcwele ngezinye izikhathi luyahluka kolwenyanga egcwele yokuqala yezinkanyezi ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe  ngoMashi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1923JRASC..17..141W|title=Clarence E. Woodman, &quot;Easter and the Ecclesiastical Calendar&quot; in ''Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada''|access-date=12 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lesiZulu evamile elithi Easter ngesiNgisi lithathwe egameni lesithixokazi sase-Anglo-Saxon elithi {{Lang|ang|[[Ēostre]]}} ; umkhosi walesi sithixokazi uhlotshaniswa nePhasika lamaJuda ngegama lalo, elithi ''Pascha'', (ngokwebhayibheli, kokubili ukubethelwa esiphambanweni kanye novuko kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika).    Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, kokubili iPhasika lamaKristu kanye nePhasika lamaJuda kubizwa ngegama elifanayo; futhi ezinguqulweni ezindala zesiNgisi zeBhayibheli, igama elithi Easter lalisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elithi iPhasika. 

Amasiko ePhasika ayahlukahluka kuwo wonke umhlaba wobuKristu, futhi afaka phakathi izinkonzo zokuphuma kwelanga noma imilindelo yasebusuku, ukumemeza kanye nokushintshana kwemikhonzo yePhasika, ukuhlobisa isiphambano ngezimbali, &lt;ref name=&quot;Whitehouse2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|page=95–96}}&lt;/ref&gt; ukugqokwa kwezigqoko zePhasika ngabesifazane,  kanye nokuhlobisa kanye nokuphulwa kwamaqanda ePhasika ngokuhlanganyela (uphawu lwethuna elingenalutho ).    I- Easter lily, uphawu lovuko ebuKristwini baseNtshonalanga,   ngokwesiko kuhlotshiswa indawo yesonto ngalolu suku kanye nangaso sonke isikhathi sePhasika .  Ngaphezu kokubukwa kwemidlalo yokubethelwa ngesikhathi sokuZila seLent nePhasika, amaziko amaningi kamabonakude asakaza izingqayi ezhlobene novuko, njenge- ''The Passion of the Christ'', ''The Greatest Story Ever Tolded'' kanye ne ''-The Jesus Film'' .  Amanye amasiko asehlotshaniswa nePhasika futhi agcinwa ngamaKristu kanye nabanye abangewona amaKristu afaka phakathi imibuthano yePhasika, ukudansa komphakathi (eMpumalanga Yurophu), i- Easter Bunny kanye nokuzingela amaqanda .      Kukhona nokudla kwendabuko kwama-Easter okuhlukahluka ngokwesifunda namasiko.

== Usuku lwePhasika ==


IPhasika kanye nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo kuyimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe noluqondile kumakhalenda kaGregory noma kaJulian (womabili alandela umjikelezo welanga nezinkathi zonyaka). Kunalokho, usuku lwePhasika lunqunywa ekhalendeni lelanganyanga elifana nekhalenda lesiHebheru .

=== Izimpikiswano zeBandla Lokuqala ===
[[File:5part-icon.jpeg|thumb|Isithonjana sama-Orthodox aseRussia esinezingxenye ezinhlanu esibonisa indaba yePhasika. AmaKristu ama-Orthodox aseMpumalanga asebenzisa indlela yokubala ehlukile yosuku lwePhasika kunamasonto aseNtshonalanga.]]
Usuku oluqondile lwePhasika ngezinye izikhathi luye lwaba yindaba ekuphikiswana ngayo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesibili, kwakwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi ukugujwa kwalolusuku kwakuyisiko labafundi kanye nesiko elingenakuphikiswa. Impikiswano yamaQuartodeciman, ekwaba eyokuqala ezimpikiswaneni eziningana ngePhasika, yasuka mayelana nosuku okufanele kugujwe ngalo iPhasika. &lt;ref name=&quot;NEW ADVENT 1909&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Thurston|first=Herbert|title=Easter Controversy|encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia|date=1909-05-01|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05228a.htm|access-date=2023-04-23|location=New York|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|volume=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama elithi &quot;iQuartodeciman&quot; libhekisela emkhubeni wokuqeda ukuzila ukudla kweLente ngoNisan 14 wekhalenda lesiHebheru, &quot;iphasika leNkosi&quot;.  Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando sesonto u-Eusebius, omunye oyi-Quartodeciman uPolycarp (umbhishobhi waseSmirna, ngokwesiko umfundi kaJohane uMphostoli ) waxoxa ngalo mbuzo no -Anicetus (umbhishobhi waseRoma). Isifundazwe saseRoma sase-Asia sasegcwele ama-Quartodeciman, kuyilapho amasonto aseRoma nase-Alexandria aqhubeka nokuzila ukudla kwaze kwaba yiSonto elilandelayo (iSonto Lesinkwa Esingenamvubelo), efisa ukuhlanganisa iPhasika neSonto. UPolycarp no-Anicetus abazange bancenge omunye, kodwa abazange bacabangele le ndaba njengehlukanisa ibandla, bahlukana ngokuthula futhi bashiya umbuzo ungaxazululiwe. 

Kwavela impikiswano lapho uVictor, umbhishobhi waseRoma wesizukulwane esilandela u-Anicetus, ezama ukuxosha amaPolycrates ase-Efesu nabo bonke abanye ababhishobhi base-Asia ngenxa yobuQuartodecimanism babo. Ngokusho kuka-Eusebius, kwahlanganiswa imikhandlu eminingana ukuze kuxazululwe impikiswano.  UPolycrates ( c. 190 ), nokho, wabhalela uVictor evikela ubuqaba be-Asian Quartodecimanism. Ukuzama kukaVictor ukuxoshwa ebandleni kubonakala sengathi kwahoxiswa, futhi izinhlangothi zombili zavumelana ngokungenelela kombhishobhi u-Irenaeus nabanye, abakhumbuza uVictor ngesibonelo sika-Anicetus sokubekezelela.

== UbuKrsitu bokuqala ==


[[File:The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg|thumb|''[[The Last Supper|Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina]]'' (1495–1498). umdwebo, i-tempera on gesso. ESontweni laseSanta Maria delle Grazie, eMilan, e-Italy, kuyincazelo [[Leonardo da Vinci|kaLeonardo da Vinci]] ephawulekayo yesidlo sokugcina sikaJesu ngaphambi kokufa. Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina esigujwa uJesu nabafundi bakhe. ]]
Njengoba amaVangeli egomela ukuthi kokubili ukubethelwa nokuvuka kukaJesu kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika, amaKristu okuqala abeka isikhathi sokugubha umkhosi waminyaka yonke wovuko maqondana nePhasika.  Ubufakazi obuqondile bomkhosi wamaKristu wePhasika buqala ukuvela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-2. Mhlawumbe umthombo wokuqala okhona obhekisela kuPhasika yintshumayelo yePhasika yaphakathi nekhulu lesi-2 eqanjwe kuMelito waseSardis, echaza lo mkhosi njengowasungulwa ngendlela ekahle. &lt;ref name=&quot;Melito&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=[[Melito of Sardis]]|title=Homily on the Pascha|url=http://www.kerux.com/documents/KeruxV4N1A1.asp|access-date=28 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubufakazi bolunye uhlobo lomkhosi wamaKristu ogujwa minyaka yonke, labo abakhumbula abafel’ ukholo, baqala ukuvela cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo sentshumayelo engenhla. 

Nakuba izinsuku zabafel 'ukholo (ngokuvamile izinsuku ngazinye zokufel' ukholo) zazigujwa ngezinsuku ezimisiwe ekhalendeni lelanga lendawo, usuku lwePhasika lwalunqunywa ngekhalenda lelanga lamaJuda lendawo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Genung|first=Charles Harvey|title=The Reform of the Calendar|jstor=25105305|journal=The North American Review|volume=179|issue=575|date=1904|pages=569–583}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Lokhu kuhambisana nomkhosi wePhasika owangena ebuKristwini ngesikhathi sokuqala kwawo, enkathini yamaJuda .</text>
      <sha1>gyqle038515tw7oki6w2uwo95quo0k9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121939</id>
      <parentid>121938</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T15:50:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121939</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8593" sha1="6ewtnn25jwu6e8cyokvt9u3z62h6bll" xml:space="preserve">{{DEFAULTSORT:Phasika}}

[[Category:UbuKhrestu]]
[[Category:Amaholide]]
[[Category:Amaholide amaKhrestu]]
'''IPhasika''', elibizwa nangokuthi '''iSonto Lokuvuka''',  umkhosi wamaKristu kanye [[Umvalo|nomvalo]] oyisik wokukhumbula ukuvuka kukaJesu kwabafileyo, okuchaziswe eTestamenteni Elisha leBhayibheli njengokwenzeka ngosuku lwesithathu lokungcwatshwa kwakhe ngemva kokubethelwa kwakhe esiphambanweni ngamaRoma eGolgotah c. 30 AD .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=64–78}}&lt;/ref&gt;

AmaKristu agcina iPhasika avame ukubhekisela esontweni lokugcina lokuzila (Lent), ngaphambi kwePhasika, njengeSonto Elingcwele, eliqala ngeSonto lamasundu ( eliphawula ukungena kukaJesu eJerusalema), lihlanganisa uLwesithathu lwezinhloli (lapho kulilelwa khona ukukhashelwa kukaJesu ),  futhi liqukethe izinsuku zePhasika Triduum okuhlanganisa uLwesine oluNgcwele, lokukhumbula iSidlo EsiNgcwele kanye neSidlo Sokugcina,   kanye [[Usuku lwephasika|noLwesihlanu Oluhle]], ukukhumbula ukubethelwa nokufa kukaJesu.  EbuKristwini baseMpumalanga, imicimbi efanayo ikhunjulwa ngamagama ezinsuku aqala ngokuthi &quot;Ngcwele&quot; noma &quot;Ngcwele futhi Omkhulu&quot;, kanti iPhasika ngokwalo lingabizwa ngokuthi iPhasika Elikhulu neliNgcwele. EbuKristwini baseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, iPhasika - elaziwa nangokuthi inkathi yePhasika - liqala ngeSonto lePhasika futhi liqhubeka amasonto ayisikhombisa, liphothule ngosuku lwama-50, ngeSonto lePhentekoste . Kodwa-ke, ebuKristwini baseMpumalanga, ukuthathwa kwedili kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-39, ngaphambi koMkhosi Wokwenyuka .

IPhasika nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo yimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe; usuku lwayo lubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni lelanga (unyaka welanga kanye nesigaba seNyanga) olufana nekhalenda lesiHebheru, okubangela izimpikiswano eziningana. UMkhandlu Wokuqala waseNicaea (325) wasungula ukugcinwa kwePhasika okuvamile yiwo wonke amaKristu ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga edilingene yokuqala ngosuku noma ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe.  Ngisho noma kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni likaGregory, usuku lwaleyo nyanga egcwele ngezinye izikhathi luyahluka kolwenyanga egcwele yokuqala yezinkanyezi ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe  ngoMashi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1923JRASC..17..141W|title=Clarence E. Woodman, &quot;Easter and the Ecclesiastical Calendar&quot; in ''Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada''|access-date=12 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lesiZulu evamile elithi Easter ngesiNgisi lithathwe egameni lesithixokazi sase-Anglo-Saxon elithi {{Lang|ang|[[Ēostre]]}} ; umkhosi walesi sithixokazi uhlotshaniswa nePhasika lamaJuda ngegama lalo, elithi ''Pascha'', (ngokwebhayibheli, kokubili ukubethelwa esiphambanweni kanye novuko kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika).    Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, kokubili iPhasika lamaKristu kanye nePhasika lamaJuda kubizwa ngegama elifanayo; futhi ezinguqulweni ezindala zesiNgisi zeBhayibheli, igama elithi Easter lalisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elithi iPhasika. 

Amasiko ePhasika ayahlukahluka kuwo wonke umhlaba wobuKristu, futhi afaka phakathi izinkonzo zokuphuma kwelanga noma imilindelo yasebusuku, ukumemeza kanye nokushintshana kwemikhonzo yePhasika, ukuhlobisa isiphambano ngezimbali, &lt;ref name=&quot;Whitehouse2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|page=95–96}}&lt;/ref&gt; ukugqokwa kwezigqoko zePhasika ngabesifazane,  kanye nokuhlobisa kanye nokuphulwa kwamaqanda ePhasika ngokuhlanganyela (uphawu lwethuna elingenalutho ).    I- Easter lily, uphawu lovuko ebuKristwini baseNtshonalanga,   ngokwesiko kuhlotshiswa indawo yesonto ngalolu suku kanye nangaso sonke isikhathi sePhasika .  Ngaphezu kokubukwa kwemidlalo yokubethelwa ngesikhathi sokuZila seLent nePhasika, amaziko amaningi kamabonakude asakaza izingqayi ezhlobene novuko, njenge- ''The Passion of the Christ'', ''The Greatest Story Ever Tolded'' kanye ne ''-The Jesus Film'' .  Amanye amasiko asehlotshaniswa nePhasika futhi agcinwa ngamaKristu kanye nabanye abangewona amaKristu afaka phakathi imibuthano yePhasika, ukudansa komphakathi (eMpumalanga Yurophu), i- Easter Bunny kanye nokuzingela amaqanda .      Kukhona nokudla kwendabuko kwama-Easter okuhlukahluka ngokwesifunda namasiko.

== UbuKrsitu bokuqala ==


[[File:The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg|thumb|''[[The Last Supper|Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina]]'' (1495–1498). umdwebo, i-tempera on gesso. ESontweni laseSanta Maria delle Grazie, eMilan, e-Italy, kuyincazelo [[Leonardo da Vinci|kaLeonardo da Vinci]] ephawulekayo yesidlo sokugcina sikaJesu ngaphambi kokufa. Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina esigujwa uJesu nabafundi bakhe. ]]
Njengoba amaVangeli egomela ukuthi kokubili ukubethelwa nokuvuka kukaJesu kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika, amaKristu okuqala abeka isikhathi sokugubha umkhosi waminyaka yonke wovuko maqondana nePhasika.  Ubufakazi obuqondile bomkhosi wamaKristu wePhasika buqala ukuvela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-2. Mhlawumbe umthombo wokuqala okhona obhekisela kuPhasika yintshumayelo yePhasika yaphakathi nekhulu lesi-2 eqanjwe kuMelito waseSardis, echaza lo mkhosi njengowasungulwa ngendlela ekahle. &lt;ref name=&quot;Melito&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=[[Melito of Sardis]]|title=Homily on the Pascha|url=http://www.kerux.com/documents/KeruxV4N1A1.asp|access-date=28 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubufakazi bolunye uhlobo lomkhosi wamaKristu ogujwa minyaka yonke, labo abakhumbula abafel’ ukholo, baqala ukuvela cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo sentshumayelo engenhla. 

Nakuba izinsuku zabafel 'ukholo (ngokuvamile izinsuku ngazinye zokufel' ukholo) zazigujwa ngezinsuku ezimisiwe ekhalendeni lelanga lendawo, usuku lwePhasika lwalunqunywa ngekhalenda lelanga lamaJuda lendawo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Genung|first=Charles Harvey|title=The Reform of the Calendar|jstor=25105305|journal=The North American Review|volume=179|issue=575|date=1904|pages=569–583}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Lokhu kuhambisana nomkhosi wePhasika owangena ebuKristwini ngesikhathi sokuqala kwawo, enkathini yamaJuda.

== Usuku lwePhasika ==
IPhasika kanye nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo kuyimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe noluqondile kumakhalenda kaGregory noma kaJulian (womabili alandela umjikelezo welanga nezinkathi zonyaka). Kunalokho, usuku lwePhasika lunqunywa ekhalendeni lelanganyanga elifana nekhalenda lesiHebheru .

=== Izimpikiswano zeBandla Lokuqala ===
[[File:5part-icon.jpeg|thumb|Isithonjana sama-Orthodox aseRussia esinezingxenye ezinhlanu esibonisa indaba yePhasika. AmaKristu ama-Orthodox aseMpumalanga asebenzisa indlela yokubala ehlukile yosuku lwePhasika kunamasonto aseNtshonalanga.]]
Usuku oluqondile lwePhasika ngezinye izikhathi luye lwaba yindaba ekuphikiswana ngayo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesibili, kwakwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi ukugujwa kwalolusuku kwakuyisiko labafundi kanye nesiko elingenakuphikiswa. Impikiswano yamaQuartodeciman, ekwaba eyokuqala ezimpikiswaneni eziningana ngePhasika, yasuka mayelana nosuku okufanele kugujwe ngalo iPhasika. &lt;ref name=&quot;NEW ADVENT 1909&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Thurston|first=Herbert|title=Easter Controversy|encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia|date=1909-05-01|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05228a.htm|access-date=2023-04-23|location=New York|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|volume=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama elithi &quot;iQuartodeciman&quot; libhekisela emkhubeni wokuqeda ukuzila ukudla kweLente ngoNisan 14 wekhalenda lesiHebheru, &quot;iphasika leNkosi&quot;.  Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando sesonto u-Eusebius, omunye oyi-Quartodeciman uPolycarp (umbhishobhi waseSmirna, ngokwesiko umfundi kaJohane uMphostoli ) waxoxa ngalo mbuzo no -Anicetus (umbhishobhi waseRoma). Isifundazwe saseRoma sase-Asia sasegcwele ama-Quartodeciman, kuyilapho amasonto aseRoma nase-Alexandria aqhubeka nokuzila ukudla kwaze kwaba yiSonto elilandelayo (iSonto Lesinkwa Esingenamvubelo), efisa ukuhlanganisa iPhasika neSonto. UPolycarp no-Anicetus abazange bancenge omunye, kodwa abazange bacabangele le ndaba njengehlukanisa ibandla, bahlukana ngokuthula futhi bashiya umbuzo ungaxazululiwe. 

Kwavela impikiswano lapho uVictor, umbhishobhi waseRoma wesizukulwane esilandela u-Anicetus, ezama ukuxosha amaPolycrates ase-Efesu nabo bonke abanye ababhishobhi base-Asia ngenxa yobuQuartodecimanism babo. Ngokusho kuka-Eusebius, kwahlanganiswa imikhandlu eminingana ukuze kuxazululwe impikiswano.  UPolycrates ( c. 190 ), nokho, wabhalela uVictor evikela ubuqaba be-Asian Quartodecimanism. Ukuzama kukaVictor ukuxoshwa ebandleni kubonakala sengathi kwahoxiswa, futhi izinhlangothi zombili zavumelana ngokungenelela kombhishobhi u-Irenaeus nabanye, abakhumbuza uVictor ngesibonelo sika-Anicetus sokubekezelela.

==Amaphatho==</text>
      <sha1>6ewtnn25jwu6e8cyokvt9u3z62h6bll</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121940</id>
      <parentid>121939</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T16:03:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121940</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8713" sha1="4l149suqffqo5skryfrwk6n3hqf52gl" xml:space="preserve">{{DEFAULTSORT:Phasika}}
[[File:Christ at the Cross - Cristo en la Cruz.jpg|thumb|UJesu esiphambanweni, umdwebo we-1870, ka-Carl Heinrich Bloch]]

'''IPhasika''', elibizwa nangokuthi '''iSonto Lokuvuka''',  umkhosi wamaKristu kanye [[Umvalo|nomvalo]] oyisik wokukhumbula ukuvuka kukaJesu kwabafileyo, okuchaziswe eTestamenteni Elisha leBhayibheli njengokwenzeka ngosuku lwesithathu lokungcwatshwa kwakhe ngemva kokubethelwa kwakhe esiphambanweni ngamaRoma eGolgotah c. 30 AD .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=64–78}}&lt;/ref&gt;

AmaKristu agcina iPhasika avame ukubhekisela esontweni lokugcina lokuzila (Lent), ngaphambi kwePhasika, njengeSonto Elingcwele, eliqala ngeSonto lamasundu ( eliphawula ukungena kukaJesu eJerusalema), lihlanganisa uLwesithathu lwezinhloli (lapho kulilelwa khona ukukhashelwa kukaJesu ),  futhi liqukethe izinsuku zePhasika Triduum okuhlanganisa uLwesine oluNgcwele, lokukhumbula iSidlo EsiNgcwele kanye neSidlo Sokugcina,   kanye [[Usuku lwephasika|noLwesihlanu Oluhle]], ukukhumbula ukubethelwa nokufa kukaJesu.  EbuKristwini baseMpumalanga, imicimbi efanayo ikhunjulwa ngamagama ezinsuku aqala ngokuthi &quot;Ngcwele&quot; noma &quot;Ngcwele futhi Omkhulu&quot;, kanti iPhasika ngokwalo lingabizwa ngokuthi iPhasika Elikhulu neliNgcwele. EbuKristwini baseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, iPhasika - elaziwa nangokuthi inkathi yePhasika - liqala ngeSonto lePhasika futhi liqhubeka amasonto ayisikhombisa, liphothule ngosuku lwama-50, ngeSonto lePhentekoste . Kodwa-ke, ebuKristwini baseMpumalanga, ukuthathwa kwedili kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-39, ngaphambi koMkhosi Wokwenyuka .

IPhasika nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo yimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe; usuku lwayo lubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni lelanga (unyaka welanga kanye nesigaba seNyanga) olufana nekhalenda lesiHebheru, okubangela izimpikiswano eziningana. UMkhandlu Wokuqala waseNicaea (325) wasungula ukugcinwa kwePhasika okuvamile yiwo wonke amaKristu ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga edilingene yokuqala ngosuku noma ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe.  Ngisho noma kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni likaGregory, usuku lwaleyo nyanga egcwele ngezinye izikhathi luyahluka kolwenyanga egcwele yokuqala yezinkanyezi ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe  ngoMashi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1923JRASC..17..141W|title=Clarence E. Woodman, &quot;Easter and the Ecclesiastical Calendar&quot; in ''Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada''|access-date=12 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lesiZulu evamile elithi Easter ngesiNgisi lithathwe egameni lesithixokazi sase-Anglo-Saxon elithi {{Lang|ang|[[Ēostre]]}} ; umkhosi walesi sithixokazi uhlotshaniswa nePhasika lamaJuda ngegama lalo, elithi ''Pascha'', (ngokwebhayibheli, kokubili ukubethelwa esiphambanweni kanye novuko kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika).    Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, kokubili iPhasika lamaKristu kanye nePhasika lamaJuda kubizwa ngegama elifanayo; futhi ezinguqulweni ezindala zesiNgisi zeBhayibheli, igama elithi Easter lalisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elithi iPhasika. 

Amasiko ePhasika ayahlukahluka kuwo wonke umhlaba wobuKristu, futhi afaka phakathi izinkonzo zokuphuma kwelanga noma imilindelo yasebusuku, ukumemeza kanye nokushintshana kwemikhonzo yePhasika, ukuhlobisa isiphambano ngezimbali, &lt;ref name=&quot;Whitehouse2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|page=95–96}}&lt;/ref&gt; ukugqokwa kwezigqoko zePhasika ngabesifazane,  kanye nokuhlobisa kanye nokuphulwa kwamaqanda ePhasika ngokuhlanganyela (uphawu lwethuna elingenalutho ).    I- Easter lily, uphawu lovuko ebuKristwini baseNtshonalanga,   ngokwesiko kuhlotshiswa indawo yesonto ngalolu suku kanye nangaso sonke isikhathi sePhasika .  Ngaphezu kokubukwa kwemidlalo yokubethelwa ngesikhathi sokuZila seLent nePhasika, amaziko amaningi kamabonakude asakaza izingqayi ezhlobene novuko, njenge- ''The Passion of the Christ'', ''The Greatest Story Ever Tolded'' kanye ne ''-The Jesus Film'' .  Amanye amasiko asehlotshaniswa nePhasika futhi agcinwa ngamaKristu kanye nabanye abangewona amaKristu afaka phakathi imibuthano yePhasika, ukudansa komphakathi (eMpumalanga Yurophu), i- Easter Bunny kanye nokuzingela amaqanda .      Kukhona nokudla kwendabuko kwama-Easter okuhlukahluka ngokwesifunda namasiko.

== UbuKrsitu bokuqala ==


[[File:The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg|thumb|''[[The Last Supper|Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina]]'' (1495–1498). umdwebo, i-tempera on gesso. ESontweni laseSanta Maria delle Grazie, eMilan, e-Italy, kuyincazelo [[Leonardo da Vinci|kaLeonardo da Vinci]] ephawulekayo yesidlo sokugcina sikaJesu ngaphambi kokufa. Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina esigujwa uJesu nabafundi bakhe. ]]
Njengoba amaVangeli egomela ukuthi kokubili ukubethelwa nokuvuka kukaJesu kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika, amaKristu okuqala abeka isikhathi sokugubha umkhosi waminyaka yonke wovuko maqondana nePhasika.  Ubufakazi obuqondile bomkhosi wamaKristu wePhasika buqala ukuvela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-2. Mhlawumbe umthombo wokuqala okhona obhekisela kuPhasika yintshumayelo yePhasika yaphakathi nekhulu lesi-2 eqanjwe kuMelito waseSardis, echaza lo mkhosi njengowasungulwa ngendlela ekahle. &lt;ref name=&quot;Melito&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=[[Melito of Sardis]]|title=Homily on the Pascha|url=http://www.kerux.com/documents/KeruxV4N1A1.asp|access-date=28 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubufakazi bolunye uhlobo lomkhosi wamaKristu ogujwa minyaka yonke, labo abakhumbula abafel’ ukholo, baqala ukuvela cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo sentshumayelo engenhla. 

Nakuba izinsuku zabafel 'ukholo (ngokuvamile izinsuku ngazinye zokufel' ukholo) zazigujwa ngezinsuku ezimisiwe ekhalendeni lelanga lendawo, usuku lwePhasika lwalunqunywa ngekhalenda lelanga lamaJuda lendawo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Genung|first=Charles Harvey|title=The Reform of the Calendar|jstor=25105305|journal=The North American Review|volume=179|issue=575|date=1904|pages=569–583}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Lokhu kuhambisana nomkhosi wePhasika owangena ebuKristwini ngesikhathi sokuqala kwawo, enkathini yamaJuda.

== Usuku lwePhasika ==
IPhasika kanye nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo kuyimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe noluqondile kumakhalenda kaGregory noma kaJulian (womabili alandela umjikelezo welanga nezinkathi zonyaka). Kunalokho, usuku lwePhasika lunqunywa ekhalendeni lelanganyanga elifana nekhalenda lesiHebheru .

=== Izimpikiswano zeBandla Lokuqala ===
[[File:5part-icon.jpeg|thumb|Isithonjana sama-Orthodox aseRussia esinezingxenye ezinhlanu esibonisa indaba yePhasika. AmaKristu ama-Orthodox aseMpumalanga asebenzisa indlela yokubala ehlukile yosuku lwePhasika kunamasonto aseNtshonalanga.]]
Usuku oluqondile lwePhasika ngezinye izikhathi luye lwaba yindaba ekuphikiswana ngayo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesibili, kwakwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi ukugujwa kwalolusuku kwakuyisiko labafundi kanye nesiko elingenakuphikiswa. Impikiswano yamaQuartodeciman, ekwaba eyokuqala ezimpikiswaneni eziningana ngePhasika, yasuka mayelana nosuku okufanele kugujwe ngalo iPhasika. &lt;ref name=&quot;NEW ADVENT 1909&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Thurston|first=Herbert|title=Easter Controversy|encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia|date=1909-05-01|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05228a.htm|access-date=2023-04-23|location=New York|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|volume=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama elithi &quot;iQuartodeciman&quot; libhekisela emkhubeni wokuqeda ukuzila ukudla kweLente ngoNisan 14 wekhalenda lesiHebheru, &quot;iphasika leNkosi&quot;.  Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando sesonto u-Eusebius, omunye oyi-Quartodeciman uPolycarp (umbhishobhi waseSmirna, ngokwesiko umfundi kaJohane uMphostoli ) waxoxa ngalo mbuzo no -Anicetus (umbhishobhi waseRoma). Isifundazwe saseRoma sase-Asia sasegcwele ama-Quartodeciman, kuyilapho amasonto aseRoma nase-Alexandria aqhubeka nokuzila ukudla kwaze kwaba yiSonto elilandelayo (iSonto Lesinkwa Esingenamvubelo), efisa ukuhlanganisa iPhasika neSonto. UPolycarp no-Anicetus abazange bancenge omunye, kodwa abazange bacabangele le ndaba njengehlukanisa ibandla, bahlukana ngokuthula futhi bashiya umbuzo ungaxazululiwe. 

Kwavela impikiswano lapho uVictor, umbhishobhi waseRoma wesizukulwane esilandela u-Anicetus, ezama ukuxosha amaPolycrates ase-Efesu nabo bonke abanye ababhishobhi base-Asia ngenxa yobuQuartodecimanism babo. Ngokusho kuka-Eusebius, kwahlanganiswa imikhandlu eminingana ukuze kuxazululwe impikiswano.  UPolycrates ( c. 190 ), nokho, wabhalela uVictor evikela ubuqaba be-Asian Quartodecimanism. Ukuzama kukaVictor ukuxoshwa ebandleni kubonakala sengathi kwahoxiswa, futhi izinhlangothi zombili zavumelana ngokungenelela kombhishobhi u-Irenaeus nabanye, abakhumbuza uVictor ngesibonelo sika-Anicetus sokubekezelela.
[[Category:UbuKhrestu]]
[[Category:Amaholide]]
[[Category:Amaholide amaKhrestu]]
==Amaphatho==</text>
      <sha1>4l149suqffqo5skryfrwk6n3hqf52gl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121950</id>
      <parentid>121940</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T00:19:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>15036</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>121950</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8851" sha1="lx7rm0h7tzxxdx7r7h5a9imcm1cpzfa" xml:space="preserve">{{DEFAULTSORT:Phasika}}
[[File:Christ at the Cross - Cristo en la Cruz.jpg|thumb|UJesu esiphambanweni, umdwebo we-1870, ka-Carl Heinrich Bloch]]

'''IPhasika''', elibizwa nangokuthi '''iSonto Lokuvuka''',  umkhosi wamaKristu kanye [[Umvalo|nomvalo]] oyisik wokukhumbula ukuvuka kukaJesu kwabafileyo, okuchaziswe eTestamenteni Elisha leBhayibheli njengokwenzeka ngosuku lwesithathu lokungcwatshwa kwakhe ngemva kokubethelwa kwakhe esiphambanweni ngamaRoma eGolgotah c. 30 AD .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=64–78}}&lt;/ref&gt;

AmaKristu agcina iPhasika avame ukubhekisela esontweni lokugcina lokuzila (Lent), ngaphambi kwePhasika, njengeSonto Elingcwele, eliqala ngeSonto lamasundu ( eliphawula ukungena kukaJesu eJerusalema), lihlanganisa uLwesithathu lwezinhloli (lapho kulilelwa khona ukukhashelwa kukaJesu ),  futhi liqukethe izinsuku zePhasika Triduum okuhlanganisa uLwesine oluNgcwele, lokukhumbula iSidlo EsiNgcwele kanye neSidlo Sokugcina,   kanye [[Usuku lwephasika|noLwesihlanu Oluhle]], ukukhumbula ukubethelwa nokufa kukaJesu.  EbuKristwini baseMpumalanga, imicimbi efanayo ikhunjulwa ngamagama ezinsuku aqala ngokuthi &quot;Ngcwele&quot; noma &quot;Ngcwele futhi Omkhulu&quot;, kanti iPhasika ngokwalo lingabizwa ngokuthi iPhasika Elikhulu neliNgcwele. EbuKristwini baseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, iPhasika - elaziwa nangokuthi inkathi yePhasika - liqala ngeSonto lePhasika futhi liqhubeka amasonto ayisikhombisa, liphothule ngosuku lwama-50, ngeSonto lePhentekoste . Kodwa-ke, ebuKristwini baseMpumalanga, ukuthathwa kwedili kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-39, ngaphambi koMkhosi Wokwenyuka .

IPhasika nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo yimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe; usuku lwayo lubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni lelanga (unyaka welanga kanye nesigaba seNyanga) olufana nekhalenda lesiHebheru, okubangela izimpikiswano eziningana. UMkhandlu Wokuqala waseNicaea (325) wasungula ukugcinwa kwePhasika okuvamile yiwo wonke amaKristu ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga edilingene yokuqala ngosuku noma ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe.  Ngisho noma kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni likaGregory, usuku lwaleyo nyanga egcwele ngezinye izikhathi luyahluka kolwenyanga egcwele yokuqala yezinkanyezi ngemva kokuzalwa kwelanga enyakatho nenkabazwe  ngoMashi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1923JRASC..17..141W|title=Clarence E. Woodman, &quot;Easter and the Ecclesiastical Calendar&quot; in ''Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada''|access-date=12 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lesiZulu evamile elithi Easter ngesiNgisi lithathwe egameni lesithixokazi sase-Anglo-Saxon elithi {{Lang|ang|[[Ēostre]]}} ; umkhosi walesi sithixokazi uhlotshaniswa nePhasika lamaJuda ngegama lalo, elithi ''Pascha'', (ngokwebhayibheli, kokubili ukubethelwa esiphambanweni kanye novuko kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika).    Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, kokubili iPhasika lamaKristu kanye nePhasika lamaJuda kubizwa ngegama elifanayo; futhi ezinguqulweni ezindala zesiNgisi zeBhayibheli, igama elithi Easter lalisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elithi iPhasika. 

Amasiko ePhasika ayahlukahluka kuwo wonke umhlaba wobuKristu, futhi afaka phakathi izinkonzo zokuphuma kwelanga noma imilindelo yasebusuku, ukumemeza kanye nokushintshana kwemikhonzo yePhasika, ukuhlobisa isiphambano ngezimbali, &lt;ref name=&quot;Whitehouse2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|page=95–96}}&lt;/ref&gt; ukugqokwa kwezigqoko zePhasika ngabesifazane,  kanye nokuhlobisa kanye nokuphulwa kwamaqanda ePhasika ngokuhlanganyela (uphawu lwethuna elingenalutho ).    I- Easter lily, uphawu lovuko ebuKristwini baseNtshonalanga,   ngokwesiko kuhlotshiswa indawo yesonto ngalolu suku kanye nangaso sonke isikhathi sePhasika .  Ngaphezu kokubukwa kwemidlalo yokubethelwa ngesikhathi sokuZila seLent nePhasika, amaziko amaningi kamabonakude asakaza izingqayi ezhlobene novuko, njenge- ''The Passion of the Christ'', ''The Greatest Story Ever Tolded'' kanye ne ''-The Jesus Film'' .  Amanye amasiko asehlotshaniswa nePhasika futhi agcinwa ngamaKristu kanye nabanye abangewona amaKristu afaka phakathi imibuthano yePhasika, ukudansa komphakathi (eMpumalanga Yurophu), i- Easter Bunny kanye nokuzingela amaqanda .      Kukhona nokudla kwendabuko kwama-Easter okuhlukahluka ngokwesifunda namasiko.

== UbuKrsitu bokuqala ==


[[File:The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg|thumb|''[[The Last Supper|Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina]]'' (1495–1498). umdwebo, i-tempera on gesso. ESontweni laseSanta Maria delle Grazie, eMilan, e-Italy, kuyincazelo [[Leonardo da Vinci|kaLeonardo da Vinci]] ephawulekayo yesidlo sokugcina sikaJesu ngaphambi kokufa. Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina esigujwa uJesu nabafundi bakhe. ]]
Njengoba amaVangeli egomela ukuthi kokubili ukubethelwa nokuvuka kukaJesu kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lePhasika, amaKristu okuqala abeka isikhathi sokugubha umkhosi waminyaka yonke wovuko maqondana nePhasika.  Ubufakazi obuqondile bomkhosi wamaKristu wePhasika buqala ukuvela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-2. Mhlawumbe umthombo wokuqala okhona obhekisela kuPhasika yintshumayelo yePhasika yaphakathi nekhulu lesi-2 eqanjwe kuMelito waseSardis, echaza lo mkhosi njengowasungulwa ngendlela ekahle. &lt;ref name=&quot;Melito&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=[[Melito of Sardis]]|title=Homily on the Pascha|url=http://www.kerux.com/documents/KeruxV4N1A1.asp|access-date=28 March 2007|archivedate=12 March 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312203732/http://www.kerux.com/documents/KeruxV4N1A1.asp|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubufakazi bolunye uhlobo lomkhosi wamaKristu ogujwa minyaka yonke, labo abakhumbula abafel’ ukholo, baqala ukuvela cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo sentshumayelo engenhla. 

Nakuba izinsuku zabafel 'ukholo (ngokuvamile izinsuku ngazinye zokufel' ukholo) zazigujwa ngezinsuku ezimisiwe ekhalendeni lelanga lendawo, usuku lwePhasika lwalunqunywa ngekhalenda lelanga lamaJuda lendawo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Genung|first=Charles Harvey|title=The Reform of the Calendar|jstor=25105305|journal=The North American Review|volume=179|issue=575|date=1904|pages=569–583}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Lokhu kuhambisana nomkhosi wePhasika owangena ebuKristwini ngesikhathi sokuqala kwawo, enkathini yamaJuda.

== Usuku lwePhasika ==
IPhasika kanye nezinsuku ezingcwele ezihlobene nalo kuyimikhosi engenalo usuku olunqunyiwe noluqondile kumakhalenda kaGregory noma kaJulian (womabili alandela umjikelezo welanga nezinkathi zonyaka). Kunalokho, usuku lwePhasika lunqunywa ekhalendeni lelanganyanga elifana nekhalenda lesiHebheru .

=== Izimpikiswano zeBandla Lokuqala ===
[[File:5part-icon.jpeg|thumb|Isithonjana sama-Orthodox aseRussia esinezingxenye ezinhlanu esibonisa indaba yePhasika. AmaKristu ama-Orthodox aseMpumalanga asebenzisa indlela yokubala ehlukile yosuku lwePhasika kunamasonto aseNtshonalanga.]]
Usuku oluqondile lwePhasika ngezinye izikhathi luye lwaba yindaba ekuphikiswana ngayo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesibili, kwakwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi ukugujwa kwalolusuku kwakuyisiko labafundi kanye nesiko elingenakuphikiswa. Impikiswano yamaQuartodeciman, ekwaba eyokuqala ezimpikiswaneni eziningana ngePhasika, yasuka mayelana nosuku okufanele kugujwe ngalo iPhasika. &lt;ref name=&quot;NEW ADVENT 1909&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Thurston|first=Herbert|title=Easter Controversy|encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia|date=1909-05-01|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05228a.htm|access-date=2023-04-23|location=New York|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|volume=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama elithi &quot;iQuartodeciman&quot; libhekisela emkhubeni wokuqeda ukuzila ukudla kweLente ngoNisan 14 wekhalenda lesiHebheru, &quot;iphasika leNkosi&quot;.  Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando sesonto u-Eusebius, omunye oyi-Quartodeciman uPolycarp (umbhishobhi waseSmirna, ngokwesiko umfundi kaJohane uMphostoli ) waxoxa ngalo mbuzo no -Anicetus (umbhishobhi waseRoma). Isifundazwe saseRoma sase-Asia sasegcwele ama-Quartodeciman, kuyilapho amasonto aseRoma nase-Alexandria aqhubeka nokuzila ukudla kwaze kwaba yiSonto elilandelayo (iSonto Lesinkwa Esingenamvubelo), efisa ukuhlanganisa iPhasika neSonto. UPolycarp no-Anicetus abazange bancenge omunye, kodwa abazange bacabangele le ndaba njengehlukanisa ibandla, bahlukana ngokuthula futhi bashiya umbuzo ungaxazululiwe. 

Kwavela impikiswano lapho uVictor, umbhishobhi waseRoma wesizukulwane esilandela u-Anicetus, ezama ukuxosha amaPolycrates ase-Efesu nabo bonke abanye ababhishobhi base-Asia ngenxa yobuQuartodecimanism babo. Ngokusho kuka-Eusebius, kwahlanganiswa imikhandlu eminingana ukuze kuxazululwe impikiswano.  UPolycrates ( c. 190 ), nokho, wabhalela uVictor evikela ubuqaba be-Asian Quartodecimanism. Ukuzama kukaVictor ukuxoshwa ebandleni kubonakala sengathi kwahoxiswa, futhi izinhlangothi zombili zavumelana ngokungenelela kombhishobhi u-Irenaeus nabanye, abakhumbuza uVictor ngesibonelo sika-Anicetus sokubekezelela.
[[Category:UbuKhrestu]]
[[Category:Amaholide]]
[[Category:Amaholide amaKhrestu]]
==Amaphatho==</text>
      <sha1>lx7rm0h7tzxxdx7r7h5a9imcm1cpzfa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nepal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7050</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121943</id>
      <parentid>97471</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T18:00:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-20429-27</username>
        <id>25802</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ushintsho oluncane</comment>
      <origin>121943</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1624" sha1="m3ayqdp0un6dd43lpd2r1lrsztggjkb" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=200 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Nepal &lt;br /&gt; संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल&lt;br /&gt;(''Sanghiya Loktāntrik Ganatantra Nepāl'')'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;70px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_Nepal.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;70px&quot; | 
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Nepal (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]]
|-
| '''Isiqongo''' || [[IKathmandu]]
|-
| '''Idolobha elikhulu''' || [[IKathmandu]]
|-
| '''Ulimi''' || [[isi-Nepali]]
|-
| '''Inkolo''' ||
|}
'''Nepal''' iyizwe [[I-Eshiya]].

&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery class=center caption=&quot;Nepal&quot;&gt;
Kathmandu-Durbar Square-08-Jagannath-Pratapamalla-2007-gje.jpg|Kathmandu
Swayambhunath-Hauptstupa-28-2013-gje.jpg|Swayambhunath
Patan-Palast-Mul Chowk-02-2013-gje.jpg|Patan
Bhaktapur-Palastplatz 53-Siddhilakshmi-Cyasilim-2014-gje.jpg|Bhaktapur
Namche to Dhole-80-Phortse-Berge-2007-gje.jpg|Himalaya
Gokyo-Lake 3-76-Zufluss-Sonnenuntergang-2007-gje.jpg|Himalaya
Poon Hill-40-Besucher vor Dhaulagiri-2013-gje.jpg|Poon Hill
Mustang-Ghami Guest House-48-Brunnen-2015-gje.jpg|Mustang
Mustang-Tangbe to Chhusang-64-2015-gje.jpg|Mustang
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{stub}}

== Isixhumanisi Sangaphandle ==
[https://policereportonlinenp.com/ Amaphoyisa Abika Ku-inthanethi]{{DEFAULTSORT:Nepal}}

[[Category:Amazwe e-Eshiya]]
[[Category:I-Eshiya]]
[[Category:Amazwe]]</text>
      <sha1>m3ayqdp0un6dd43lpd2r1lrsztggjkb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/OkayAfrica 100 women - 2018</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9965</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121956</id>
      <parentid>121871</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T03:24:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>121956</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19907" sha1="glcmra84qptm1bwcnqk6x5ygx4kjf50" xml:space="preserve">;N.B., There are sub-pages for each year as well as a main master list

=== Wikidata task list ===
{{Wikidata list|sparql=
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel {
  ?item p:P166 [ ps:P166 wd:Q54889438; pq:P585 ?date ] .
  FILTER( YEAR( ?date ) = 2018 ) .
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;zu&quot; } .
}

|columns=label:Article,P21:Gender,P106:Occupation,P19:Place of birth,P551:Residence,P18:Image
|sort=label
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! Gender
! Occupation
! Place of birth
! Residence
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54927244|Abrima Erwiah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| [[New York (idolobha)|New York]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28859681|Adama Delphine Fawundu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1414443|filmmaker]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33231|umthwebuli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18419|Brooklyn]]''
| [[New York (idolobha)|New York]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30571413|Ade Hassan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|umklami wemfashini]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41221013|Adelle Onyango]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 
| [[File:Adele Onyango on Hustle Yako.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24713124|Adesua Etomi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Umculi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3282637|film producer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583619|Owerri]]''
| 
| [[File:Adesua Etomi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54935411|Ainehi Edoro-Glines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[umbhali]]
| ''[[:d:Q423831|Akure]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48219695|Akuoma Omeoga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13383011|bobsledder]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1992875|Ramsey]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24049156|Alexis Okeowo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Alexis Okeowo Resisting Extremism in Africa- Ordinary Lives, Extraordinary Acts.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25199129|Alsarah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17484288|ethnomusicologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14915627|musicologist]]''
| [[Khartoum|i-Khartoum]]
| 
| [[File:Alsarah 06332.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954016|Amel Ben Abda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54931014|Amy Sall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25344489|Angelica Nwandu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65|Los Angeles]]''
| 
| [[File:Angelica Nwandu 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q231276|Angelique Kidjo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Umqambi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q66314404|jazz singer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2490358|choreographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q488205|singer-songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|recording artist]]''
| ''[[:d:Q850031|Ouidah]]''
| [[New York (idolobha)|New York]]
| [[File:Angélique Kidjo 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54935401|Anyiko Owoko]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108333755|music publicist]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Anyiko Owoko in the video 'Fena Gitu - I'm A Square Peg In A Round Hole'.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17747951|Asisat Oshoala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q937857|association football player]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1658159|Ikorodu]]''
| [[INgilandi]]
| [[File:Asisat Oshoala 2019 Champions League.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Babes Wodumo]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''
| [[ILamontville]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954455|Baratang Miya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Umhlelelisi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24851630|Bozoma Saint John]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1072339|chief marketing officer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49192|Middletown]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65|Los Angeles]]''
| [[File:Bozoma Saint John at Essence Festival of Culture July 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23000953|Chika Oduah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7079872|Ogbaru]]''
| 
| [[File:Chika Oduah El Mundo Spain Madrid.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21592474|Cynthia Erivo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|stage actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q753110|umbhali wengoma]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|author]]''
| ''[[:d:Q146891|Stockwell]]''
| 
| [[File:Cynthia Erivo - Wicked-FYC-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30228170|Delphine Diallo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33231|umthwebuli]]''
| [[IParisi]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928547|Diana Opoti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907935|Ebele Okobi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|business executive]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Ebele Okobi at International Journalism Festival 2024 in Perugia 4.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16208867|Efya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q753110|umbhali wengoma]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q182059|Kumasi]]''
| 
| [[File:Efya at an event.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907588|Eniola Mafe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| [[ILondon]]
| 
| [[File:Eniola Mafe in Geneva.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27450115|Funke Opeke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q183298|Ibadan]]''
| 
| [[File:Funke Opeke - ITU Telecom World 2016 - Industry Leaders Roundtable.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q230113|Gabourey Sidibe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|voice actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|television actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1156982|Bedford–Stuyvesant]]''
| 
| [[File:Gabourey Sidibe at PaleyFest 2014 - 13491368805.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5530444|Gelila Bekele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''
| [[Addis Ababa|i-Addis Ababa]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921386|Ghada Wali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q627325|graphic designer]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974949|Glory Okon Edim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914118|Graça Maria Sanches]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[UMfundisi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22097343|Haben Girma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q40348|ummeli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q380075|advocate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17042|Oakland]]''
| 
| [[File:Haben girma.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28859847|Halima Aden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q22336956|humanitarian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3501317|umklami wemfashini]]''
| [[Kakuma]]
| 
| [[File:Halima Aden Paris Fashion Week Autumn Winter 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51289615|Hania Morsi Fadl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18245236|radiologist]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Hania Morsi Fadl (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928778|Hermon Berhane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928698|Heroda Berhane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[I-Pearl Thusi]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''
| [[IKwaZulu-Natali|KwaZulu-Natal]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16211105|Idil Ibrahim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''
| [[ISomaliya|ISomalia]]
| [[New York (idolobha)|New York]]
| [[File:Idilibrahim1.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16728813|Ilwad Elman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1476215|human rights defender]]''
| [[Mogadishu|i-Mogadishu]]
| 
| [[File:Ilwadelman2 (cropped 2).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907679|Isis Nyong’o Madison]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54897722|Jackie Aina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|YouTuber]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q935666|make-up artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|television producer]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Jackie Aina 2021 (3x4 cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974228|Jane Mukami]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8563456|professional fitness coach]]''
| [[Nairobi|i-Nairobi]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54953801|Joy Chebet Bii]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974284|Joyline Cherotich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1475185|Kah Walla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usomabhizinisi]]
| ''[[:d:Q183298|Ibadan]]''
| 
| [[File:Kwalla.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54892135|Kasiva Mutua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4351403|percussionist]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921856|Katlego Kai Kolanyane-Kesupile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1052281|trans woman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q488205|singer-songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10774753|performance artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Umculi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''
| [[Francistown, Butswana]]
| [[IGaborone]]
| [[File:Performance artist Kat Kai Koi-Kes.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54939026|Kay Oyegun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2059704|television director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3282637|film producer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| [[INigeria]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921442|Kelechi Okafor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podcaster]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|umdansi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q762121|personal trainer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8673|Lagos]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17306137|Kelela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Umqambi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q488205|singer-songwriter]]''
| [[Washington, D.C.|i-Washington, D.C.]]
| 
| [[File:Kelela Piknik i Parken 2018 (205003).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974345|Keolebogile Mokolopo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16745368|Khanyi Dhlomo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1607826|editor]]''
| [[Umlazi]]
| [[IGoli (idolobha)|iGoli]]
| [[File:Khanyi Dhlomo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29413652|Khoudia Diop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [[ISenegal]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975390|Koleka Putuma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[imbongi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q487596|dramaturge]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q34074720|feminist]]''
| [[Ibhayi]]
| 
| [[File:Koleka Putuma, P1080548.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28911657|Lady Skollie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|painter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q290220|Leila Aboulela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|playwright]]''
| [[Cairo|i-Cairo]]
| 
| [[File:Leila Aboulela (2010).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27063905|Lisa Folawiyo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|umklami wemfashini]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Lisa Folawiyo Designer.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975165|Malebo Sephodi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921998|Malin Fezehai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q237106|Marie NDiaye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q214917|playwright]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|children's writer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q217159|Pithiviers]]''
| 
| [[File:Marie Ndiaye 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54956679|Mennat El Ghalid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''
| [[Cairo|i-Cairo]]
| [[IParisi]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907772|Michelle Ntalami]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914125|Moiyattu Banya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19513511|Monica Geingos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Usomabhizinisi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| ''[[:d:Q953068|South-West Africa]]''
| 
| [[File:MonicaGeingos.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26263150|Naomi Ruele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10843402|swimmer]]''
| [[IGaborone]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954376|Natsai Audrey Chieza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|designer]]''
| [[IHarare|IHarara]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20975327|Ngozi Onwumere]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13383011|bobsledder]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51696|Mesquite]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54939128|Nicole Amarteifio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47541952|producer]]''
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3877423|Nnedi Okorafor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|science fiction writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|children's writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q974144|educator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11892507|comics writer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43196|Cincinnati]]''
| 
| [[File:Nnedi Okorafor at National Book Festival 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Nomzamo Mbatha]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''
| [[KwaMashu|Kwamashu]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q467094|Oumou Sangaré]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q753110|umbhali wengoma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3703|i-Bamako]]''
| 
| [[File:(Oumou Sangaré) De la poesía a la música de raíz, sonidos de la segunda noche de San Isidro.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982032|Redi Tlhabi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|author]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q135301631|broadcaster]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Redi Thlabi Mandela Washington Fellowship 2017 (34818508705).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16198724|Sanaa Benhama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1046653|Khemisset]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54908063|Sara Menker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|business executive]]''
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| [[File:Sara Menker 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54929000|Sarah Diouf]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3610436|personal stylist]]''
| [[IParisi]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16821687|Semhar Araia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q40348|ummeli]]''
| [[New York (idolobha)|New York]]
| 
| [[File:Semhararwh.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54915207|Sethembile Msezane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q483501|artist]]''
| [[IKwaZulu-Natali|KwaZulu-Natal]]
| 
| [[File:Sethembile Msezane- Portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q289462|Seun Adigun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13383011|bobsledder]]''
| [[Chicago]]
| 
| [[File:Seun Adigun in 2022.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23899788|Simi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q488205|singer-songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22569300|Ojuelegba, Lagos]]''
| 
| [[File:Simi singer from Nigeria born 1988 at NdaniTV session.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974244|Simi Adeagbo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54932082|Solange Lusiku Nsimire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''
| [[Bukavu]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928956|Susy Oludele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7484811|Taiye Selasi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33231|umthwebuli]]''
| [[ILondon]]
| 
| [[File:TaiyeSelasi P1030135.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907829|Tebogo Anna Mashego]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Thuli Madonsela]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q40348|ummeli]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| [[IGoli (idolobha)|iGoli]]
| 
| [[File:Thuli Madonsela April 2014.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2514348|Titica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1052281|trans woman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2643890|vocalist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|umdansi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''
| [[Luanda|i-Luanda]]
| 
| [[File:Titica por Rachel Teixeira.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810465|Tiwa Savage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q488205|singer-songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Umculi]]
| ''[[:d:Q1024647|Ikeja]]''
| 
| [[File:Tiwa Savage's studio portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27063353|Tope Oshin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|television producer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8673|Lagos]]''
| 
| [[File:Tope Oshin.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54953914|Tshiamo Legoale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914089|Tsitsi Masiyiwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62063127|executive chairperson]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q45916492|co-founder]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2824523|board member]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q140686|chairperson]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|philanthropist]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Mrs Tsitsi Masiyiwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20679792|Uche Eze]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8246794|blogger]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q105105508|social media expert]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q221436|Maiduguri]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54939343|Unoma Ndili Okorafor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''
| [[INigeria]]
| 
| [[File:Unoma Okorafor at Gem Tech Awards 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975478|Upile Chisala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[imbongi]]
| 
| [[Blantyre]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q34217|Oxford]]''
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954627|Urenna Onyewuchi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14941915|Uzo Aduba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2259451|stage actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|television actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|voice actor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q100|Boston]]''
| 
| [[File:Uzo Aduba 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q44845816|Vanessa Kingori]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2516866|publisher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|editor]]''
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| [[ILondon]]
| [[File:Vanessa Kingori at SXSW London June 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22097089|Vera Songwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usomabhizinisi]]
| [[Nairobi|i-Nairobi]]
| 
| [[File:Vera Songwe at the UK-Africa Investment Summit 2020 (49418317753) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3566180|Wanuri Kahiu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''
| [[Nairobi|i-Nairobi]]
| 
| [[File:Wanuri Kahiu at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974310|Winnie Okoth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13381376|weightlifter]]''
| [[Mombasa]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29912279|Yrsa Daley-Ward]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[imbongi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| ''[[:d:Q2078535|Chorley]]''
| 
| [[File:Yrsa Daley Ward.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Zanele Muholi]]
| ''[[:d:Q48270|non-binary]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33231|umthwebuli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8359428|social activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18216771|video artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2544530|portrait photographer]]''
| [[Umlazi]]
| [[Umlazi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKapa]]
| [[File:Zanele Muholi, 2011 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54968655|Zintle Ntshikila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q45217546|Instagram blogger]]''
| 
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>glcmra84qptm1bwcnqk6x5ygx4kjf50</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/OkayAfrica 100 women - 2017</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9966</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121972</id>
      <parentid>121868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T09:19:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>121972</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22557" sha1="bb0wtmbsb88ffxget245i36juoibtsi" xml:space="preserve">;N.B., There are sub-pages for each year as well as a main master list

=== Wikidata task list ===
{{Wikidata list|sparql=
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel {
  ?item p:P166 [ ps:P166 wd:Q54889438; pq:P585 ?date ] .
  FILTER( YEAR( ?date ) = 2017 ) .
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;zu&quot; } .
}

|columns=label:Article,P21:Gender,P106:Occupation,P19:Place of birth,P551:Residence,P18:Image
|sort=label
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! Gender
! Occupation
! Place of birth
! Residence
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898654|Agang Ditlhogo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4696644|Aida Muluneh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33231|umthwebuli]]''
| [[Addis Ababa|i-Addis Ababa]]
| 
| [[File:Aida Mulune.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2839100|Almaz Ayana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4439155|long-distance runner]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''
| [[Benishangul-Gumuz Region|Benishangul-Gumaz]]
| 
| [[File:Almaz Ayana Beijing 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16231862|Amaka Osakwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|umklami wemfashini]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8673|Lagos]]''
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20022984|Ameenah Gurib-Fakim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [[IMorishisi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9348370|Surinam]]''
| 
| [[File:Ameenah Gurib-Fakim.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4747087|Amma Asante]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202059|London Borough of Lambeth]]''
| 
| [[File:Amma Asante at MIFF.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55056554|Ammara Brown]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19885291|Ayọ Tometi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16556|Phoenix]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18419|Brooklyn]]''
| [[File:Ayọ Tometi - 2021 (51648565860) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4696652|Aïda Touré]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|painter]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[imbongi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Umqambi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q443884|Aïssa Maïga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q245068|comedian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3282637|film producer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3718|i-Dakar]]''
| 
| [[File:Aïssa Maïga, 2022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898628|Benny Bonsu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18637627|Bonang Matheba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q135301631|broadcaster]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|radio personality]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|television presenter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|philanthropist]]''
| [[IMahikeng]]
| 
| [[File:Bonang Matheba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24851630|Bozoma Saint John]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1072339|chief marketing officer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49192|Middletown]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65|Los Angeles]]''
| [[File:Bozoma Saint John at Essence Festival of Culture July 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5834|Caster Semenya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121307100|intersex woman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13381753|middle-distance runner]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25685630|Ga-Masehlong]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Polokwane]]
| 
| [[File:Caster Semenya (42411013704) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]]
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q156839|cook]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[imbongi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15949613|short story writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|non-fiction writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q465022|Enugu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q117714|Anambra State]]''
| [[File:2025-06-16 Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie no Fronteiras do Pensamento 2025 em São Paulo, 013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55058779|Clare Muhoro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28648829|Clarisse Iribagiza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''
| [[IRuwanda]]
| 
| [[File:Clarisse Iribagiza 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q636653|Danai Gurira]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|playwright]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|television actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|stage actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UMfundisi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q105883597|UN Women Goodwill Ambassador]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4479442|founder]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1903250|Grinnell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1903250|Grinnell]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IHarare|IHarara]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q65|Los Angeles]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[New York (idolobha)|New York]]
| [[File:Danai Gurira 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24248220|Ethel Delali Cofie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Ethel D Cofie.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912330|Evelyn Ngugi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17022430|Faarrow]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26905832|Fadumo Dayib]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| [[Thika]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727436|Farida Bedwei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1709010|software engineer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8673|Lagos]]''
| 
| [[File:Farida Bedwei 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q707255|Fatoumata Diawara]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q488205|singer-songwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|guitarist]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1515|Abidjan]]''
| 
| [[File:Fatoumata Diawara Rudolstadt 11 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2053031|Flaviana Matata]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18581305|beauty pageant contestant]]''
| [[Shinyanga]]
| 
| [[File:Flaviana.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q452213|Francine Niyonsaba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121307100|intersex woman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13381753|middle-distance runner]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Francine Niyonsaba Rio 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5509330|Funmi Iyanda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18668527|talk show host]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8673|Lagos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8673|Lagos]]''
| [[File:Funmi Iyanda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19630433|Grace Mahary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2096|Edmonton]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54899918|Hanta Tiana Ranaivo Rajaonarisoa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q484876|chief executive officer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1400134|Hedaya Malak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13382533|taekwondo athlete]]''
| ''[[:d:Q794396|Azusa]]''
| 
| [[File:Hedaya Malak Rio2016b.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26436159|Ilhan Omar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q56027890|political staffer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212238|civil servant]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|women's rights activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16185210|policy advisor]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| [[Mogadishu|i-Mogadishu]]
| ''[[:d:Q36091|Minneapolis]]''
| [[File:Ilhan Omar, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16728813|Ilwad Elman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1476215|human rights defender]]''
| [[Mogadishu|i-Mogadishu]]
| 
| [[File:Ilwadelman2 (cropped 2).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q256531|Iman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|autobiographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|television actor]]''
| [[Mogadishu|i-Mogadishu]]
| ''[[:d:Q11299|Manhattan]]''
| [[File:Iman at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23816363|Imbolo Mbue]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''
| ''[[:d:Q819314|Limbe]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 
| [[File:Imbolo Mbue 2.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13560267|Issa Rae]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|YouTuber]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1440873|showrunner]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|television producer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|television actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65|Los Angeles]]''
| 
| [[File:Issa Rae, producer, writer, and actress, at SXSW 2025 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54897722|Jackie Aina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|YouTuber]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q935666|make-up artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|television producer]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Jackie Aina 2021 (3x4 cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q510629|Jemima Sumgong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13382460|marathon runner]]''
| [[Nandi County]]
| 
| [[File:PortraitJemimaJelagatSumgongRio2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29160452|Jessica O. Matthews]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q205375|inventor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16023665|venture capitalist]]''
| ''[[:d:Q178093|Poughkeepsie]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912341|Jojo Abot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Umculi]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jojo Abot.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51700|Juliana Rotich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12336252|social entrepreneur]]''
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 
| [[File:Juliana Rotich - World Economic Forum on Africa 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54897214|Kahindo Mateene]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|umklami wemfashini]]''
| [[IYuganda]]
| [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057949|Karen Attiah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|columnist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UMfundisi]]
| [[Texas]]
| 
| [[File:Karen Attiah Resisting Extremism in Africa- Ordinary Lives, Extraordinary Acts - 37860453116 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18216886|Kemi Adetiba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2340668|music video director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1414443|filmmaker]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4956562|brand ambassador]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2059704|television director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16144339|cinema]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3282637|film producer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8673|Lagos]]''
| 
| [[File:Kemi Adetiba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54899839|Lina Gadi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50720240|Lina Iris Viktor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|painter]]''
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54900027|Louise Umutoni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42997985|Loza Maléombho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3610436|personal stylist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13382533|taekwondo athlete]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3501317|umklami wemfashini]]''
| [[IBrazili]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3840847|Lupita Nyong'o]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1489|i-Mexico City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65|Los Angeles]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Nairobi|i-Nairobi]]
| [[File:MKr347546 Lupita Nyong'o (Jury, Berlinale 2024) crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27494203|Luvvie Ajayi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774202|essayist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blogger]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|orator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q70591255|digital strategist]]''
| [[INigeria]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55056941|Makho Ndlovu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55053089|Mari Malek]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17010072|militant]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q130857|disc jockey]]''
| [[Wau, Ningizimu Sudan]]
| [[New York (idolobha)|New York]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18534020|Maria Borges]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4610556|umkhangisi]]''
| [[Luanda|i-Luanda]]
| 
| [[File:Maria borges at 82nd Venice International Film Festival-3 (cropped2).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6766135|Mariéme Jamme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Usomabhizinisi]]
| ''[[:d:Q3718|i-Dakar]]''
| 
| [[File:Web Summit 2018 - Forum Rostra - Day 2, November 7 SMX 0270 (30827501057).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6778538|Marwa Amri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12369333|amateur wrestler]]''
| [[Tunis|i-Tunis]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18637243|Michaela Coel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|playwright]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1440873|showrunner]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[imbongi]]
| ''[[:d:Q2098078|Aldgate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2220704|East London]]''
| [[File:Michaela Coel Peabody Awards, June 2021.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6835591|Michaela DePrince]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q805221|ballet dancer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|autobiographer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q634698|Kenema]]''
| 
| [[File:191008 Mind the Mind Now - 48865568151 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6917040|Mosunmola Abudu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Usomabhizinisi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|philanthropist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1420621|media proprietor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''
| [[ILondon]]
| ''[[:d:Q8673|Lagos]]''
| [[File:Mosunmola Abudu 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60836183|Muthoni Drummer Queen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2252262|rapper]]''
| [[Nairobi|i-Nairobi]]
| 
| [[File:Festival des Vieilles Charrues 2019 - Muthoni Drummer Queen - 039.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28736612|Nadia Rose]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2252262|rapper]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q753110|umbhali wengoma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2213391|Croydon]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3877423|Nnedi Okorafor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|science fiction writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|children's writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q974144|educator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11892507|comics writer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43196|Cincinnati]]''
| 
| [[File:Nnedi Okorafor at National Book Festival 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057812|Nunu Ntshingila-Njeke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18217812|Okwiri Oduor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[umbhali]]
| [[Nairobi|i-Nairobi]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057843|Patricia Nzolantima]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Usomabhizinisi]]
| [[Kinshasa|i-Kinshasa]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54897483|Philomena Kwao]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3658171|Phiona Mutesi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10873124|chess player]]''
| [[Kampala|i-Kampala]]
| 
| [[File:Phiona Mutesi 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20981886|Rapelang Rabana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5096712|chief digital officer]]''
| [[IGaborone]]
| 
| [[File:Rapelang Rabana.jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3439879|Rokhaya Diallo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|opinion journalist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|essayist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podcaster]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1235146|documentary filmmaker]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|columnist]]''
| ''[[:d:Q230127|4th arrondissement of Paris]]''
| 
| [[File:Europa21 - 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3453629|Ruth Negga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|stage actor]]''
| [[Addis Ababa|i-Addis Ababa]]
| 
| [[File:Ruth Negga by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50346875|Sarah Waiswa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33231|umthwebuli]]''
| [[IYuganda]]
| [[Nairobi|i-Nairobi]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7423050|Saran Kaba Jones]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12362622|philanthropist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q380075|advocate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12336252|social entrepreneur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3748|i-Monrovia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q100|Boston]]''
| [[File:Saran Kaba Jones.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50379528|Seko Shamte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2526255|film director]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q289462|Seun Adigun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13383011|bobsledder]]''
| [[Chicago]]
| 
| [[File:Seun Adigun in 2022.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7560413|Somi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|jazz musician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q66314404|jazz singer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q577964|Champaign]]''
| 
| [[File:SOMI, концерт в рамках фестиваля &quot;Акваджаз&quot; в &quot;Зимнем театре&quot;.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q773793|Sona Jobarteh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Umculi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''
| [[ILondon]]
| 
| [[File:Aid for Trade Global Review 2017 – Day 1 Sona Jobarteh tuning kora.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21448010|Tebello Nyokong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1162163|director]]''
| [[Maseru, Idolobha]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7704911|Terry Pheto]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''
| [[Evaton]]
| 
| [[File:Terry Pheto cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17109424|Toke Makinwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2722764|radio personality]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|television presenter]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|television producer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q815913|Lagos State]]''
| 
| [[File:NdaniTV Toke Makinwa OAP Nov 2018.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898564|Tony Gum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|painter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33231|umthwebuli]]''
| [[Uitenhage]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27999600|Touria El Glaoui]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q780596|exhibition curator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q173950|art dealer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7903|Casablanca]]''
| 
| [[File:Touria El Glaoui.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7830609|Toyin Ojih Odutola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15296811|draftsperson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q180084|Ile Ife]]''
| [[New York (idolobha)|New York]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55051826|Umra Omar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22336956|humanitarian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15978655|consultant]]''
| [[Mombasa]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4945158|Unity Dow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533|umehluleli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|ummeli]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| [[Mochudi]]
| 
| [[File:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16211548|Vanessa Mdee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q947873|television presenter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''
| [[Arusha]]
| 
| [[File:VeeMoney.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54896828|Velma Makhandia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| 
| 
| [[Nairobi|i-Nairobi]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5998|Vivian Cheruiyot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4439155|long-distance runner]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11513337|athletics competitor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1684196|Keiyo District]]''
| 
| [[File:Vivian Cheruiyot Rio 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q457420|Wangechi Mutu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|painter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|visual artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|sculptor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15296811|draftsperson]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q22343478|collagist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|installation artist]]''
| [[Nairobi|i-Nairobi]]
| [[Nairobi|i-Nairobi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhenya|IKenya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[New York (idolobha)|New York]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16232420|Warsan Shire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[imbongi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898803|Wayétu Moore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| [[File:Wayétu Moore.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912300|Yagazie Emezi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33231|umthwebuli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|YouTuber]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8673|Lagos]]''
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55044984|Yasmin Belo-Osagie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q100|Boston]]''
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18016138|Yemi Alade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177220|umculi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q753110|umbhali wengoma]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Umculi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''
| [[INigeria]]
| 
| [[File:Yemi Alade studio portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057972|Yousra Elbagir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| [[Khartoum|i-Khartoum]]
| 
| [[File:Yousra Elbagir at the International Journalism Festival 2024 in Perugia, Italy 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28025952|Yvonne Orji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33999|umlingisi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|television actor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q245068|comedian]]''
| ''[[:d:Q217432|Port Harcourt]]''
| 
| [[File:Yvonne Orji.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Zanele Muholi]]
| ''[[:d:Q48270|non-binary]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33231|umthwebuli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8359428|social activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18216771|video artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2544530|portrait photographer]]''
| [[Umlazi]]
| [[Umlazi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKapa]]
| [[File:Zanele Muholi, 2011 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057723|Zeinebou Mint Taleb Moussa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7832320|traditional birth attendant]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q749813|doula]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912328|Zim Ugochukwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19589575|Émilie Béatrice Epaye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 
| [[File:Beatrice Epaye (Central African Republic) - International Women of Courage Awards 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43396455|Asma Khalifa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|isifazane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16323111|peace activist]]''
| [[Zuwarah]]
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>bb0wtmbsb88ffxget245i36juoibtsi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dubti (woreda)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17355</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121923</id>
      <parentid>121876</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T13:09:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NDG</username>
        <id>24078</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/John6867|John6867]] ([[User talk:John6867|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]]</comment>
      <origin>89986</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1152" sha1="gsfujha1a0qtrgq742avorzcqvl2tv2" xml:space="preserve">'''IDubti''' yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se [[Afar Region|Afar]], [[I-Itiyopiya|e-Itiyopiya]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://africaopendata.org/dataset/ethiopia-shapefiles/resource/7c04c1b9-1e4b-407a-998f-61276fe721a3&amp;grqid=_uO1QlIA&amp;s=1&amp;hl=en-ZA/ &quot;Ethiopia shapefiles – Ethiopia's Administrative Woredas&quot;]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. africaopendata.org. Kulandwe ngo-Masingana 4, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Infobox settlement
|name=Dubti
|settlement_type=[[Ama-Woreda ase Itiyopiya|Woreda]]
|image_skyline=
|image_caption=
|image_map=
|map_caption=
|subdivision_type1=Izwe
|subdivision_name1={{flagicon|Ethiopia}} [[I-Itiyopiya|Itiyopiya]]
|subdivision_type2=[[Izifundazwe zase Itiyopiya|Isifundazwe]]
|subdivision_name2=[[Afar Region|Afar]]
|subdivision_type3=[[Izifunda zase Itiyopiya|Isifunda]]
|subdivision_name3=[[Awsi Rasu]]
|subdivision_type4=
|subdivision_name4=
|area_total_km2=
|elevation_m=503
|population_total=65342
|population_as_of=2007
|population_density_km2=24.21
|area_code=
|timezone1=[[East Africa Time|EAT]]
|utc_offset1=+3
}}

== Imithombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{stub}}
[[Category:Ama-Woreda ase Itiyopiya]]</text>
      <sha1>gsfujha1a0qtrgq742avorzcqvl2tv2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jali</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>29079</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121952</id>
      <parentid>105225</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T00:44:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>15036</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>121952</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6249" sha1="euqf5jq14jc5cpu5gcsaeas4721rj3i" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Akbar_tomb_2.jpg|thumb| Izikrini ''zikaJali'' ethuneni lika-Akbar the Great eduze ne- Agra, [[India|e-India]]]]
A '''''Jali''''' noma ''jaali,'' ''(Jali,'' okusho &quot;inetha&quot;) leli gama ngoba itshe perforated noma latticed isikrini, ngokuvamile iphathini Ornamental icanjwe ngokusebenzisa calligraphy, i-geometry noma amaphethini zemvelo.Leli fomu lokuhlobisa ngokwakha livamile ekwakhiweni kwe- Indo-Islamic futhi ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwamaSulumane. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lerner156&quot;&gt;Lerner, p. 156&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngokusho kuka-Yatin Pandya, i- ''jali'' ivumela ukukhanya nomoya ngenkathi inciphisa ilanga nemvula.Futhi lapho umoya udlula kulokhu kuvuleka, isivinini sawo sandisa ukwanda okukhulu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pandya&quot;&gt;Pandya&lt;/ref&gt;  Izimbobo zivame ukuba cishe ngobubanzi obufanayo noma zibe ncane kunokushuba kwetshe, ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze amandla ezakhiwo.Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ezindaweni ezinomswakama efana Kerala futhi Konkan zinemigodi ezinkudlwana jikelele opacity ngaphansana eqhathaniswa ezifundeni ezomile sezulu Gujarat futhi Rajasthan. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pandya&quot; /&gt;

Ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwengilazi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kanye nokuxinana kwezindawo zokuhlala eNdiya yanamuhla, i- ''jalis yehla'' kakhulu ezindabeni zobumfihlo nezokuphepha. 

== Umlando ==
Umsebenzi oyisisekelo wamatshe ayizinxande waseJali ubonakala ngesikhathi samaGupta amathempeli amaNachna wamaHindu kanye namathempeli aseGupta Pattadakal.Emsebenzini waseChina owenziwe ngokhuni owakhiwe ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaHan, leli siko liqhubekile nokwakhiwa kwamanje kwamaShayina. &lt;ref&gt;[https://atcm.mathandtech.org/EP2009/papers_invited/2812009_17224.pdf A Journey through Chinese Windows and Doors – an Introduction to Chinese Mathematical Art, Miroslaw Majewski, Jiyan Wang, Fourteenth Asian Technology Conference in Mathematics, 17 - 21 December, 2009]&lt;/ref&gt;Imibhalo yesiSanskrit ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo uSilpa (650 AD), uSamarangana-Sutradhara weNkosi uBhoja (1018-1054 AD), uKāśyapā-Śilpā (1300) no-pilpā-Ratnam wekhulu leshumi nesithupha leminyaka bakhuluma noma baxoxa ngejalis. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ijhssnet.com/journal/index/3457 Masooma Abbas, Ornamental Jālīs of the Mughals and Their Precursors, Int. Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 6, No. 3; March 2016, p. 135-147]&lt;/ref&gt;

Umsebenzi wokuqala we- ''jali onobujamo bejiyometri'' obuningi wakhiwa ngokuqoshwa etsheni, ngamaphethini wejometri, \ kuqala kuvela ku- Alai Darwaza ka-1305 eDelhi ngaphandle kweQutub Minar, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abakwaMughal basebenzisa imiklamo eqoshwe kahle yezitshalo, njengase UTaj Mahal.Babuye kaningi bangeze i- pietra dura inlay kokuzungezile, besebenzisa amatshe emabula namatshe ayigugu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lerner156&quot;&gt;Lerner, p. 156&lt;/ref&gt; 

Enqabeni yaseGwalior, eduze kwesango lase-Urwahi, kunombhalo oqoshiwe olayini abangu-17 obhalwe ngo-Samvat 1553, obalula amagama abanye babakhandi nemisebenzi yabo.Omunye wabo nguKhedu, owayeyisazi se- &quot;Gwaliyai jhilmili&quot; okungukuthi i-jali screen esenziwe ngesitayela seGwalior. &lt;ref&gt;Hariharnivas Dvidedi, Gwalior ke Tomar, 1976, p. 378-380&lt;/ref&gt;Ithuna likaMughal lesikhathi sikaMuhammad Ghaus elakhiwa ngo-1565 AD eGwalior liphawuleka ngama-jalis alo amatshe. &lt;ref&gt;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-016-0316-6 Nonperiodic Octagonal Patterns from a Jali Screen in the Mausoleum of Muhammad Ghaus in Gwalior and Their Periodic Relatives, Emil Makovicky &amp; Nicolette M. Makovicky ,Nexus Network Journal volume 19, pages 101–120 (2017)]&lt;/ref&gt; Izindlu eziningi zeGwalior zekhulu le-19 leminyaka zazisebenzisa ama-jalis amatshe.AmaJalis asetshenziswa kakhulu eGwalior's Usha Kiran Palace Hotel, okwakuyindlu yezivakashi yaseScindia.

== Amaqoqo eMyuziyamu ==
Amanye ama-jali aseminyuziyamu emikhulu e-USA nase-Europe.Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Indianapolis Museum of Art &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=JALI PANEL (INDIA), LATE 19TH CENTURY |url=https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/objects/52272397/ |access-date=2021-09-20 |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614010215/http://collection.cooperhewitt.org/objects/52272397/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; neMetropolitan Museum of Art &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/453241 Pierced Window Screen (Jali) early 17th century]&lt;/ref&gt; neVictoria ne-Albert Museum. &lt;ref&gt;[https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O430678/one-of-twenty-nine-drawings-drawing-unknown/ Drawing
ca.1882 (made)]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imifanekiso ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
File:Nachna Parvati-Tempel Jali 1999.JPG|INachna Parvati-Temple Jali, isikhathi seGupta
File:Pattadakal 19.jpg|Iwindi lePattadakal
File:Pattadakal 16.jpg|elinye iwindi ePattadakal
File:Pattadakal Virupaksa. Mandapa north wall, east side. Right window.JPG|Ifasitela lasethempelini lasePattadakal Virupaksa
File:Jala stone trellis windows Indian architecture.jpg|Ithempeli laseChola
File:Window at Alai Darwaza, Qutb complex.jpg|Iwindi e-Alai Darwaza, eQutb complex
File:Sidi Saiyyad Ni Jaali.jpg|''UJali'' [[Sidi Saiyyed mosque|osesikhawini iSidi Saiyyed]] e- [[Ahmedabad]] ekhombisa umuthi wendabuko wokuphila waseNdiya
File:Salim Chishti Tomb-2.jpg|''UJali'' [[Tomb of Salim Chishti|eTomb likaSalim Chishti]], [[Fatehpur Sikri|eFatehpur Sikri]] ukhombisa amaphethini wamaJiyomethri amaSulumane athuthukiswe entshonalanga yeasia
File:Taj Inside 1.jpg|Imininingwane ''yezikrini zemabula zeJali'' ezungeze ama- [[Cenotaph|cenotaphs]] asebukhosini, [[Taj Mahal|uTaj Mahal]]
File:Bibi-Ka-Maqbara- net.jpg|''UJali'' [[Bibi Ka Maqbara|eBibi Ka Maqbara]], e- [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] enezimpawu ezijwayelekile zaseNdiya
File:Doors Champaner-Pavagadh.jpg|UJali [[Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park|eChampaner]] usebenzisa amaphethini endabuko ejometri yamaNdiya kanye nejometri yamaSulumane
File:Mohammad Gaus Tomb Gwalior - panoramio.jpg|UJalis eMohammad [[Muhammad Ghawth|Gaus Tomb]] [[Gwalior]]
File:P 306--Winter India.jpg|Izindlu zangekhulu le-19 [[Gwalior|eGwalior]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Izinkomba ==

== Izixhumanisi zangaphandle ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041222145653/http://archnet.org/library/dictionary/entry.tcl?entry_id=DIA0400 I-ArchNet Dictionary Yezakhiwo ZamaSulumane: uJali]
[[Category:Amatshe]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>euqf5jq14jc5cpu5gcsaeas4721rj3i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Isingquphuza</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>31479</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121973</id>
      <parentid>103486</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T09:42:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;__LEAD_SECTION__&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1335198331|Howitzer]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>121973</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1365" sha1="hbv5h66nio4hx6aos04i5oluccmxv0l" xml:space="preserve">[[File:155mm-howitzer-korea.jpg|thumb|Ukudubula kwesingquphuza sihlobo lwe- M114 155 mm yiviyo lwama-90 lwe-Field Artillery , US 24th isigaba semigundatshani, phakathi neMpi YaseKorea.]]

'''Isingquphuza'''.


'''Isingquphuza''' yisikhali esiyisithwahlazi esiwela phakathi kwenganono kanye nesigqula. Siyakwazi ukudubula ngengoni ephansi njengenganonono kanye nokudubula ngengoni ephezulu njengesigqula. Ngamakhono azo esiju eside, izinggquphuzar zingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo enkulu ekwakhekeni amaviyo wazo nezinye izingcezu zezithwahlazi, ezifana nezibhamu ezinemibhobho emide, izigqula, kanye nezithwahlazi ezicitshwayo. Izingquphuza ziyahlonishwa ngekhono lazo lokudubula ngamagobolondo aqhumayo nangezithako zokushisa ezinqabeni.

Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, izingquphuza zaba neqhaza elibalulekile empini, ikakhulukazi empini yemihlenhlebulo kanye namaqhingasu ezithwahlazi ezinzima afana nemfundiso yempi ejulile yaseSoviet . Ezikhathini zanamuhla, umehluko phakathi kwezibhamu nezingquphuza awusabonakali kangako, kanti izingcezu eziningi zezithwahlazi zihlanganisa izici zazo zombili. Izingquphuza zanamuhla zivame ukuziphokozisa, zifakwe ezimotweni ezilandelelwayo noma ezinamasondo, futhi ziyakwazi ukudubula ngezingoni eziphezulu ngezilelesa zempokozisa ezilungisekayo ukuze zandise isiju futhi zinembe kakhudlwna.</text>
      <sha1>hbv5h66nio4hx6aos04i5oluccmxv0l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121974</id>
      <parentid>121973</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T09:44:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121974</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1339" sha1="s57ihdtj4mma4a3qpvqzl8736h0tt0p" xml:space="preserve">[[File:155mm-howitzer-korea.jpg|thumb|Ukudubula kwesingquphuza sihlobo lwe- M114 155 mm yiviyo lwama-90 lwe-Field Artillery , US 24th isigaba semigundatshani, phakathi neMpi YaseKorea.]]

'''Isingquphuza''' yisikhali esiyisithwahlazi esiwela phakathi kwenganono kanye nesigqula. Siyakwazi ukudubula ngengoni ephansi njengenganonono kanye nokudubula ngengoni ephezulu njengesigqula. Ngamakhono azo esiju eside, izinggquphuzar zingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo enkulu ekwakhekeni amaviyo wazo nezinye izingcezu zezithwahlazi, ezifana nezibhamu ezinemibhobho emide, izigqula, kanye nezithwahlazi ezicitshwayo. Izingquphuza ziyahlonishwa ngekhono lazo lokudubula ngamagobolondo aqhumayo nangezithako zokushisa ezinqabeni.

Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, izingquphuza zaba neqhaza elibalulekile empini, ikakhulukazi empini yemihlenhlebulo kanye namaqhingasu ezithwahlazi ezinzima afana nemfundiso yempi ejulile yaseSoviet . Ezikhathini zanamuhla, umehluko phakathi kwezibhamu nezingquphuza awusabonakali kangako, kanti izingcezu eziningi zezithwahlazi zihlanganisa izici zazo zombili. Izingquphuza zanamuhla zivame ukuziphokozisa, zifakwe ezimotweni ezilandelelwayo noma ezinamasondo, futhi ziyakwazi ukudubula ngezingoni eziphezulu ngezilelesa zempokozisa ezilungisekayo ukuze zandise isiju futhi zinembe kakhudlwna.</text>
      <sha1>s57ihdtj4mma4a3qpvqzl8736h0tt0p</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121978</id>
      <parentid>121974</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T10:25:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121978</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2574" sha1="rylfo9fidqqj69n8f7fgf8dno18soh0" xml:space="preserve">[[File:155mm-howitzer-korea.jpg|thumb|Ukudubula kwesingquphuza sihlobo lwe- M114 155 mm yiviyo lwama-90 lwe-Field Artillery , US 24th isigaba semigundatshani, phakathi neMpi YaseKorea.]]

'''Isingquphuza''' yisikhali esiyisithwahlazi esiwela phakathi kwenganono kanye nesigqula. Siyakwazi ukudubula ngengoni ephansi njengenganonono kanye nokudubula ngengoni ephezulu njengesigqula. Ngamakhono azo esiju eside, izinggquphuza zingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo enkulu ekwakhekeni amaviyo wazo nezinye izingcezu zezithwahlazi, ezifana nezibhamu ezinemibhobho emide, izigqula, kanye nezithwahlazi ezicitshwayo. Izingquphuza ziyahlonishwa ngekhono lazo lokudubula ngamagobolondo aqhumayo nangezithako zokushisa ezinqabeni.

Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, izingquphuza zaba neqhaza elibalulekile empini, ikakhulukazi empini yemihlenhlebulo kanye namaqhingasu ezithwahlazi ezinzima afana nemfundiso yempi ejulile yaseSoviet . Ezikhathini zanamuhla, umehluko phakathi kwezibhamu nezingquphuza awusabonakali kangako, kanti izingcezu eziningi zezithwahlazi zihlanganisa izici zazo zombili. Izingquphuza zanamuhla zivame ukuziphokozisa, zifakwe ezimotweni ezilandelelwayo noma ezinamasondo, futhi ziyakwazi ukudubula ngezingoni eziphezulu ngezilelesa zempokozisa ezilungisekayo ukuze zandise isiju futhi zinembe kakhudlwna.

== uMsukagama ==
Elithi 'isingquphuza' esenzweni sesizulu 'ukungquphuza' esisho ukushaya noma ukugadla ngesigcibisholo, ukuphonsa noma ukuciba into egadlayo. Lesi senzo sivela kusenzukuthi 'ngquphu' esisho ukushaya ngesigcibisholo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umuntu engquphuza inyoni ngesagila, kusho ukuthi uphose inyoni ngesagila wayihlosula isemoyeni. Leli gama liyafaneleka njengoba lolu hlobo lesithwahlazi liciba izigcbisholo ngenhloso yokungquphuza izitha.

== Izithombe ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Museu_da_FEB_em_Belo_Horizonte_-_Foto_antiga.jpg|[[M114 155 mm howitzer|Isingquphuza sohlobo iM114 155 mm]], saseBrazili
File:38_cm_siege_howitzer,_HGM,_2017-03-08.jpg|Isingquphuza sokuvimbezela, sase-Austria sowe-1916, sise-Vienna
File:155fire.jpg|Isingquphuza saseMelika i-[[M198 howitzer|M198]]
File:Dutch_Panzerhaubitz_fires_in_Afghanistan.jpg|Ukudubula kwesingquphuza samaDashi esibizwa [[Panzerhaubitze 2000]]
File:105mm-Kroop-HowitzerBG-WWI.jpg|Isingquphuza samaJalimani esikhumbuzweni sempi [[Battle of Turtucaia|yase Turtucaia]]
File:25_pounder_firing_a_blank.ogv|Umbukiso wokudubula kwesingquphuza samaNgisi
File:M109BREECH.JPG|Imbobo yesingquphuza saseMelika esibizwa [[M109 howitzer|i-M109]] esiziphokozisayo
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rylfo9fidqqj69n8f7fgf8dno18soh0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ukusha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>31499</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121957</id>
      <parentid>103694</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T04:18:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="738" sha1="k9khcjzypoiq0nfoo979wanjosx7jc3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Fire,_Fireplace,_Rostov-on-Don,_Russia.jpg|thumb|Amalangabi awuphumela obangwa ukushiswa kwesivuthisi.]]

'''Ukusha''', kuw[[ukusabela kwevanga]] kwezingakushisa eliphezulu okwenzeka phakathi [[Isivamelo|kwesivamelo]] kanye nesithuhlisi (oxidant), okuvame ukuba [[isOhwe]], esikhiqiza imikhiqizo ethuhlekile (oxidized) yohowo oluba yingxenye yentuthu.  Ukusha kwesinye isikhathi akuwuvezi umlilo, ngoba ilangabi livame ukubonakala uma iziqa ezishayo zihwamuka, kodwa lapho liveza umlilo, ilangabi liba yinkomba yokusha.  Nakuba isidlakalasi sokokhela sidingeka (njengozwathi lomlilo), ikhoza lamalangabi lingahlinzeka isidlakalasi esanele sokwenza ukusha kuqhubeke. Isifundo esicwaninga Ukusha sibizwa ngokuthi Inzululwazi yokusha.</text>
      <sha1>k9khcjzypoiq0nfoo979wanjosx7jc3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121958</id>
      <parentid>121957</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T04:21:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[Ukushisa]] to [[Ukusha]]</comment>
      <origin>121957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="738" sha1="k9khcjzypoiq0nfoo979wanjosx7jc3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Fire,_Fireplace,_Rostov-on-Don,_Russia.jpg|thumb|Amalangabi awuphumela obangwa ukushiswa kwesivuthisi.]]

'''Ukusha''', kuw[[ukusabela kwevanga]] kwezingakushisa eliphezulu okwenzeka phakathi [[Isivamelo|kwesivamelo]] kanye nesithuhlisi (oxidant), okuvame ukuba [[isOhwe]], esikhiqiza imikhiqizo ethuhlekile (oxidized) yohowo oluba yingxenye yentuthu.  Ukusha kwesinye isikhathi akuwuvezi umlilo, ngoba ilangabi livame ukubonakala uma iziqa ezishayo zihwamuka, kodwa lapho liveza umlilo, ilangabi liba yinkomba yokusha.  Nakuba isidlakalasi sokokhela sidingeka (njengozwathi lomlilo), ikhoza lamalangabi lingahlinzeka isidlakalasi esanele sokwenza ukusha kuqhubeke. Isifundo esicwaninga Ukusha sibizwa ngokuthi Inzululwazi yokusha.</text>
      <sha1>k9khcjzypoiq0nfoo979wanjosx7jc3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121960</id>
      <parentid>121958</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T04:22:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121960</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="742" sha1="ndj33oe4wgv1oj4l97tg72rv3hoa0p7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Fire,_Fireplace,_Rostov-on-Don,_Russia.jpg|thumb|Amalangabi awuphumela obangwa ukushiswa kwesivuthisi.]]

'''Ukusha''', kuw[[ukusabela kwevanga]] kwezingakushisa eliphezulu okwenzeka phakathi [[Isivamelo|kwesivamelo]] kanye nesithuhlisi (oxidant), okuvame ukuba [[isOhwe]], esikhiqiza imikhiqizo ethuhlekile (oxidized) yohowo oluba yingxenye yentuthu.  Ukusha kwesinye isikhathi akuwuvezi [[umlilo]], ngoba ilangabi livame ukubonakala uma iziqa ezishayo zihwamuka, kodwa lapho kuveza umlilo, ilangabi liba yinkomba yokusha.  Nakuba isidlakalasi sokokhela sidingeka (njengozwathi lomlilo), ikhoza lamalangabi lingahlinzeka isidlakalasi esanele sokwenza ukusha kuqhubeke. Isifundo esicwaninga Ukusha sibizwa ngokuthi Inzululwazi yokusha.</text>
      <sha1>ndj33oe4wgv1oj4l97tg72rv3hoa0p7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Isilumbamdiki somusi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>31583</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121963</id>
      <parentid>104745</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T04:50:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121963</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="785" sha1="5fw2ov95m8vwrfr7u8capn9s27agip4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bea_Kyle_Standing_Fire_Engine_and_Pickle_1924,_edited.jpg|thumb]]
'''Isilumbamdiki somusi''' siyisilumbamdiki somchadamezo esiqhogoya umsebenzi wobunguxa sisebenzisa umusi njengomtshoko wokuthi sisebenze. Isilumbamdiki somusi sisebenzisa isiphoqi esikhiqizwa umfutho womusi ukufuqa ipiston liye phambili nasemuva phakathi kwe cylinder. Isiphoqi sokufuqa singaguqulwa ngothi oluxhumile Kanye crank kube isiphoqi esishwilizayo sokusebenza. Elithi isilumbamdiki somusi sibhekisela kuzilumbamdiki esinanelayo. Ulwangu olumqoka lezilumbamdiki ukuthi ziyizilumbamdiki ezisha phandle, lapho khona umtshoko osebenzayo uhlukaniswa nemikhiqizo yokusha. Ngokuvamile, elithi isilumbamdiki somusi lingabhekisela nasemkhandweni yomusi (ehlanganisa nezidlidlizi), ezifana nezitimela zomusi.</text>
      <sha1>5fw2ov95m8vwrfr7u8capn9s27agip4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121964</id>
      <parentid>121963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T04:57:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121964</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1261" sha1="ttk50tb1shhv0pibhiof05qbyks84cn" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Steam locomotive gear (JŽ 06-018; Slovenia).jpg|thumb|JŽ 06-018 steam locomotive, in [[Ljubljana, Slovenia]]]]
[[File:JamesWattEngine.jpg|thumb|upright=1.45|A model of a beam engine featuring James Watt's parallel linkage for double action{{efn|This model was built by Samuel Pemberton between 1880 and 1890.}}]]
 [[File:Stott Park Bobbin Mill Steam Engine.jpg|thumb|Isilumbamdiki esigculile sokugaya sakwaStott Park Bobbin Mill, eCumbria, eNgilandi]]
[[File:52 8134 Hoentrop 2012-09-16.jpg|thumb| Isitimela somusi saseJalimani eseMpuma]]

'''Isilumbamdiki somusi''' siyisilumbamdiki somchadamezo esiqhogoya umsebenzi wobunguxa sisebenzisa umusi njengomtshoko wokuthi sisebenze. Isilumbamdiki somusi sisebenzisa isiphoqi esikhiqizwa umfutho womusi ukufuqa ipiston liye phambili nasemuva phakathi kwe cylinder. Isiphoqi sokufuqa singaguqulwa ngothi oluxhumile Kanye crank kube isiphoqi esishwilizayo sokusebenza. Elithi isilumbamdiki somusi sibhekisela kuzilumbamdiki esinanelayo. Ulwangu olumqoka lezilumbamdiki ukuthi ziyizilumbamdiki ezisha phandle, lapho khona umtshoko osebenzayo uhlukaniswa nemikhiqizo yokusha. Ngokuvamile, elithi isilumbamdiki somusi lingabhekisela nasemkhandweni yomusi (ehlanganisa nezidlidlizi), ezifana nezitimela zomusi.</text>
      <sha1>ttk50tb1shhv0pibhiof05qbyks84cn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121966</id>
      <parentid>121964</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T07:08:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121966</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1257" sha1="mlvtnysklsxmo2k5xr1d00inpagcylt" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Steam locomotive gear (JŽ 06-018; Slovenia).jpg|thumb|JŽ 06-018 steam locomotive, in [[Ljubljana, Slovenia]]]]
[[File:JamesWattEngine.jpg|thumb|upright=1.45|A model of a beam engine featuring James Watt's parallel linkage for double action{{efn|This model was built by Samuel Pemberton between 1880 and 1890.}}]]
 [[File:Stott Park Bobbin Mill Steam Engine.jpg|thumb|Isilumbamdiki esigculile sokugaya sakwaStott Park Bobbin Mill, eCumbria, eNgilandi]]
[[File:52 8134 Hoentrop 2012-09-16.jpg|thumb| Isitimela somusi saseJalimani eseMpuma]]

'''Isilumbamdiki somusi''' siyisilumbamdiki somchadamezo esenza umsebenzi wobunguxa sisebenzisa umusi njengomtshoko wokuthi sisebenze. Isilumbamdiki somusi sisebenzisa isiphoqi esikhiqizwa umfutho womusi ukufuqa ipiston liye phambili nasemuva phakathi kwe cylinder. Isiphoqi sokufuqa singaguqulwa ngothi oluxhumile Kanye crank kube isiphoqi esishwilizayo sokusebenza. Elithi isilumbamdiki somusi sibhekisela kuzilumbamdiki esinanelayo. Ulwangu olumqoka lezilumbamdiki ukuthi ziyizilumbamdiki ezisha phandle, lapho khona umtshoko osebenzayo uhlukaniswa nemikhiqizo yokusha. Ngokuvamile, elithi isilumbamdiki somusi lingabhekisela nasemkhandweni yomusi (ehlanganisa nezidlidlizi), ezifana nezitimela zomusi.</text>
      <sha1>mlvtnysklsxmo2k5xr1d00inpagcylt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121967</id>
      <parentid>121966</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T07:09:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121967</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1186" sha1="awkgv13onst30u9bu6brdivorm8bqiu" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Steam locomotive gear (JŽ 06-018; Slovenia).jpg|thumb|JŽ 06-018 steam locomotive, in [[Ljubljana, Slovenia]]]]
[[File:JamesWattEngine.jpg|thumb|upright=1.45|A model of a beam engine featuring James Watt's parallel linkage for double action]]
 [[File:Stott Park Bobbin Mill Steam Engine.jpg|thumb|Isilumbamdiki esigculile sokugaya sakwaStott Park Bobbin Mill, eCumbria, eNgilandi]]
[[File:52 8134 Hoentrop 2012-09-16.jpg|thumb| Isitimela somusi saseJalimani eseMpuma]]

'''Isilumbamdiki somusi''' siyisilumbamdiki somchadamezo esenza umsebenzi wobunguxa sisebenzisa umusi njengomtshoko wokuthi sisebenze. Isilumbamdiki somusi sisebenzisa isiphoqi esikhiqizwa umfutho womusi ukufuqa ipiston liye phambili nasemuva phakathi kwe cylinder. Isiphoqi sokufuqa singaguqulwa ngothi oluxhumile Kanye crank kube isiphoqi esishwilizayo sokusebenza. Elithi isilumbamdiki somusi sibhekisela kuzilumbamdiki esinanelayo. Ulwangu olumqoka lezilumbamdiki ukuthi ziyizilumbamdiki ezisha phandle, lapho khona umtshoko osebenzayo uhlukaniswa nemikhiqizo yokusha. Ngokuvamile, elithi isilumbamdiki somusi lingabhekisela nasemkhandweni yomusi (ehlanganisa nezidlidlizi), ezifana nezitimela zomusi.</text>
      <sha1>awkgv13onst30u9bu6brdivorm8bqiu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shembe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32439</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121926</id>
      <parentid>121914</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T13:39:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* UMzazela wayezalwa ngubani futhi wayeyini emphakathini */</comment>
      <origin>121926</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1492" sha1="tnlrqzavbp2m52jlwyi9afx9ocipo4o" xml:space="preserve">Igama elithi '''Shembe''' liyisobongo esisetshenziswa abantu abatholakala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]]. Baphuma kubantu bakwa [[Khumalo]]. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi abantu bakwa Shembe bangama[[AmaNtungwa Nguni|Ntungwa Nguni]] ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]], njengoba kunjalo ngabantu bakwaKhumalo.&lt;ref&gt;https://iafrika.org&lt;/ref&gt;

== uMlando ==
Kukhona umlando othi abantu bakwa[[Shembe]] badabuka ohlangeni lakwaKhumalo, baphuma kuMzazela indodana kaMagawozi endlini yaseNgome. UMagawozi wazala uBheje noMzazela lona owayebuye aziwe ngelika Shembe. UMzazela lona simthola esakhe laphana phesheya komfula iSikhwebezi osekuyizwe eliphethwe abantu bakwa Ndebele. Igama lomuzi wakhe kwakus' Entandabathakathi.

UMzazela wayeyisangoma esaziwayo ngamakhathakhatha aso. Wayesiza abantu abaningi ngemithi yakhe, wayevikela ngisho abalahlwe ngamacala bathola izigwebo zokuthi kufanele babulawe. Imithi yakhe yayisindisa ngisho abathakathi imbala, yingakho nje etha umuzi wakhe wathi yis, Entandabathakathi. Udumo lukaMzazela lokwelapha lwaze lwafika ezindlebeni zenkosi [[Senzangakona|uSenzangakhona kaJama]] owayebusa kwaZulu ngaleso sikhathi. Phela uMzazela lona wayenomuthi wokuphilisa kuphela ayi owokubulala. Ngenxa yodumo lwakhe abantu baba nomona bahamba bayomqambela amanga eNkosini, iNkosi yathi uma izwa ngamahebezi yathumela abantu bayo bayoyzwela ukuba yiqiniso yini.

== Izinkomba ==
[[Category:Shembe]]
[[Category:Mzazela]]
[[Category:UMagawozi]]
[[Category:Nguni]]</text>
      <sha1>tnlrqzavbp2m52jlwyi9afx9ocipo4o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121927</id>
      <parentid>121926</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T13:43:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121927</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1492" sha1="s6f10z10v90a2q8ichb4nz9desd2evf" xml:space="preserve">Igama elithi '''Shembe''' liyisibongo esisetshenziswa abantu abatholakala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]]. Baphuma kubantu bakwa [[Khumalo]]. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi abantu bakwa Shembe bangama[[AmaNtungwa Nguni|Ntungwa Nguni]] ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]], njengoba kunjalo ngabantu bakwaKhumalo.&lt;ref&gt;https://iafrika.org&lt;/ref&gt;

== uMlando ==
Kukhona umlando othi abantu bakwa[[Shembe]] badabuka ohlangeni lakwaKhumalo, baphuma kuMzazela indodana kaMagawozi endlini yaseNgome. UMagawozi wazala uBheje noMzazela lona owayebuye aziwe ngelika Shembe. UMzazela lona simthola esakhe laphana phesheya komfula iSikhwebezi osekuyizwe eliphethwe abantu bakwa Ndebele. Igama lomuzi wakhe kwakus' Entandabathakathi.

UMzazela wayeyisangoma esaziwayo ngamakhathakhatha aso. Wayesiza abantu abaningi ngemithi yakhe, wayevikela ngisho abalahlwe ngamacala bathola izigwebo zokuthi kufanele babulawe. Imithi yakhe yayisindisa ngisho abathakathi imbala, yingakho nje etha umuzi wakhe wathi yis, Entandabathakathi. Udumo lukaMzazela lokwelapha lwaze lwafika ezindlebeni zenkosi [[Senzangakona|uSenzangakhona kaJama]] owayebusa kwaZulu ngaleso sikhathi. Phela uMzazela lona wayenomuthi wokuphilisa kuphela ayi owokubulala. Ngenxa yodumo lwakhe abantu baba nomona bahamba bayomqambela amanga eNkosini, iNkosi yathi uma izwa ngamahebezi yathumela abantu bayo bayoyzwela ukuba yiqiniso yini.

== Izinkomba ==
[[Category:Shembe]]
[[Category:Mzazela]]
[[Category:UMagawozi]]
[[Category:Nguni]]</text>
      <sha1>s6f10z10v90a2q8ichb4nz9desd2evf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121942</id>
      <parentid>121927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T17:40:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121942</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1505" sha1="bivd181blq15yievid9fnkn7kv6t2hc" xml:space="preserve">Igama elithi '''Shembe''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] esisetshenziswa abantu abatholakala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]]. Baphuma kubantu bakwa [[Khumalo]]. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi abantu bakwa Shembe bangama[[AmaNtungwa Nguni|Ntungwa Nguni]] ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]], njengoba kunjalo ngabantu bakwaKhumalo.&lt;ref&gt;https://iafrika.org&lt;/ref&gt;

== uMlando ==
Kukhona umlando othi abantu bakwa[[Shembe]] badabuka ohlangeni lakwaKhumalo, baphuma kuMzazela indodana kaMagawozi endlini yaseNgome. UMagawozi wazala uBheje noMzazela lona owayebuye aziwe ngelika Shembe. UMzazela lona simthola esakhe laphana phesheya komfula iSikhwebezi osekuyizwe eliphethwe abantu bakwa Ndebele. Igama lomuzi wakhe kwakus' Entandabathakathi.

UMzazela wayeyisangoma esaziwayo ngamakhathakhatha aso. Wayesiza abantu abaningi ngemithi yakhe, wayevikela ngisho abalahlwe ngamacala bathola izigwebo zokuthi kufanele babulawe. Imithi yakhe yayisindisa ngisho abathakathi imbala, yingakho nje etha umuzi wakhe wathi yis, Entandabathakathi. Udumo lukaMzazela lokwelapha lwaze lwafika ezindlebeni zenkosi [[Senzangakona|uSenzangakhona kaJama]] owayebusa kwaZulu ngaleso sikhathi. Phela uMzazela lona wayenomuthi wokuphilisa kuphela ayi owokubulala. Ngenxa yodumo lwakhe abantu baba nomona bahamba bayomqambela amanga eNkosini, iNkosi yathi uma izwa ngamahebezi yathumela abantu bayo bayoyzwela ukuba yiqiniso yini.

== Izinkomba ==
[[Category:Shembe]]
[[Category:Mzazela]]
[[Category:UMagawozi]]
[[Category:Nguni]]</text>
      <sha1>bivd181blq15yievid9fnkn7kv6t2hc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121971</id>
      <parentid>121942</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T08:25:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121971</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1710" sha1="nvqhescnkgzzr6qunbd8r24smlr7vwg" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Shembe.png|thumb|Elithi Shembe ngesiBheqe soHlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Shembe''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] esisetshenziswa abantu abatholakala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]]. Baphuma kubantu bakwa [[Khumalo]]. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi abantu bakwa Shembe bangama[[AmaNtungwa Nguni|Ntungwa Nguni]] ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]], njengoba kunjalo ngabantu bakwaKhumalo.&lt;ref&gt;https://iafrika.org&lt;/ref&gt;

== uMlando ==
Kukhona umlando othi abantu bakwa[[Shembe]] badabuka ohlangeni lakwaKhumalo, baphuma kuMzazela indodana kaMagawozi endlini yaseNgome. UMagawozi wazala uBheje noMzazela lona owayebuye aziwe ngelika Shembe. UMzazela lona simthola esakhe laphana phesheya komfula iSikhwebezi osekuyizwe eliphethwe abantu bakwa Ndebele. Igama lomuzi wakhe kwakus' Entandabathakathi.

UMzazela wayeyisangoma esaziwayo ngamakhathakhatha aso. Wayesiza abantu abaningi ngemithi yakhe, wayevikela ngisho abalahlwe ngamacala bathola izigwebo zokuthi kufanele babulawe. Imithi yakhe yayisindisa ngisho abathakathi imbala, yingakho nje etha umuzi wakhe wathi yis, Entandabathakathi. Udumo lukaMzazela lokwelapha lwaze lwafika ezindlebeni zenkosi [[Senzangakona|uSenzangakhona kaJama]] owayebusa kwaZulu ngaleso sikhathi. Phela uMzazela lona wayenomuthi wokuphilisa kuphela ayi owokubulala. Ngenxa yodumo lwakhe abantu baba nomona bahamba bayomqambela amanga eNkosini, iNkosi yathi uma izwa ngamahebezi yathumela abantu bayo bayoyzwela ukuba yiqiniso yini.

==Izithakazelo zakwaShembe==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa
Mzazela
Nhlanzi kaPhoswa
Donsa
Mashiyamahle anjengoboya benkonyane
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Amaphatho ==
[[Category:Shembe]]
[[Category:Mzazela]]
[[Category:UMagawozi]]
[[Category:Nguni]]</text>
      <sha1>nvqhescnkgzzr6qunbd8r24smlr7vwg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ubuciko namasiko.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33062</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121953</id>
      <parentid>115111</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T01:33:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>15036</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>121953</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3617" sha1="8tblu369m3m1kde4lrhwcqvxjcb55si" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Amasiko]]''' ahlanganisa izici ezibonisa indlela yokuphila yabantu abathile. [[Ubuciko]] wukuvezwa kwemibono nemizwa yomuntu, okungase kuthathe izindlela eziningi njengokudansa, [[umculo]], ukudweba, izincwadi noma ishashalazi. Ubuciko ukuhlukaniswa kweziqephu okukhulu  kwesiko, okwakhiwe imizamo eminingi yakudala kanye neziyalo. Ubuciko buhlanganisa ubuciko obubonakalayo, ubuciko bokubhala kanye nobuciko obudlalwayo. Ngokubona ubuciko bezwe elithile singaqonda kalula isiko lalo lemvelo. Ubuciko namasiko kunendima enkulu ekukhuleni kwezwe. Uma abantu behlanganyela izinkolelo ezifanayo, izimo zengqondo kanye nezindinganiso kuba isiko laleso sizwe, amaciko azama ukulithwebula futhi alibonakalise ngobuciko bawo.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Wikipedia:Contents/Culture_and_the_arts#:~:text=Culture%20includes%20the%20elements%20that,the%20art%20of%20written%20works.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Culture_and_the_arts#:~:text=Culture%20includes%20the%20elements%20that,the%20art%20of%20written%20works.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ubuciko namasiko kuwubunikazi besizwe, okusisiza ukuba siqonde umhlaba osizungezile kangcono. Inhloso [https://www.dsac.gov.za/ yoMnyango] Wezobuciko Namasiko wukufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni umnotho osimeme kanye nokuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi ngokulondoloza, ukuvikela nokuthuthukisa ezobuciko, amasiko kanye namagugu [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|aseNingizimu]] Afrika ukuze kusimame isizwe esibumbene ngokwenhlalo yentando yeningi.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dsac.gov.za/&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:South Africa Museum 10.jpg|thumb|593x593px|imnyuziyemu]]


[[mwod:museum#:~:text=%3A%20an%20institution%20devoted%20to%20the,an%20art%20museum|Amamnyuziyamu]] angamafasitela emvelo namasiko ezwe. Kunamamnyuziyamu angaphezu kwama-300 eNingizimu Afrika. Zisuka kumamnyuziyamu womlando, isayensiyezinto eziphilayo, ezezimayini,ezolimo, ezamahlathi kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi. Izivakashi zingathola imibukiso kuzo zonke izihloko ezikhona kusukela kubhiya kuya kubuhlalu, kusukela kumfashini kuya ekudleni.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/museum#:~:text=%3A%20an%20institution%20devoted%20to%20the,an%20art%20museum&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngobuhle bayo bemvelo, izilwane zasendle eziningi, ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko namagugu omlando onothile, iNingizimu Afrika yipharadesi labathwebuli bezithombe. [https://www.britannica.com/technology/photography/Photography-as-art Abathwebuli] bezithombe abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika batuswa ngomsebenzi wabo  otholakala ezincwadini, amadokhumentari, imibukiso yasekhaya neyaphesheya,komagazini kanye namaphephandaba.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/technology/photography/Photography-as-art&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinhlangano zobuciko namasiko. ==
Lezi zinhlangano ezilandelayozidlala indima ebonakalayo ekulondolozeni nasekukhuthazeni ezobuciko namasiko eNingizimu Afrika:

* [https://www.nhc.org.za/ INational Heritage Council]
* [https://www.sahra.org.za/ ISouth African Heritage Resources Agency]
* [https://www.sagns.gov.za/portal/apps/sites/#/sagnc-site ISouth African Geographical Names Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527182601/https://www.sagns.gov.za/portal/apps/sites/#/sagnc-site |date=2025-05-27 }}
* [https://www.nac.org.za/ INational Arts Council of South Africa]
* [https://basa.co.za/ IBusiness and Arts South Africa] 

* [https://act.org.za/ I-Arts and Culture Trust.]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=cdfd0c0176bc6a03&amp;sxsrf=AE3TifMprYZNLtQwZQbMEcKSPPL5Q9s3Pg:1753996978934&amp;q=List+of+arts+and+culture+organizations&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjEivf2g-iOAxU8VUEAHY-JCxgQ1QJ6BAhvEAE&amp;biw=1366&amp;bih=581&amp;dpr=1&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba. ==</text>
      <sha1>8tblu369m3m1kde4lrhwcqvxjcb55si</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Basetsana Kumalo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33099</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121979</id>
      <parentid>115627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T11:23:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[I-Basetsana Kumalo]] to [[Basetsana Kumalo]]</comment>
      <origin>115627</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4227" sha1="8nc0yhx7cyd79bm2y4il1wfvabe38n3" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox pageant titleholder|name=Basetsana Khumalo|birth_name={{nowrap|Basetsana Julia Makgalemele}}|birth_date={{birth date and age|1974|03|29|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Soweto]], South Africa|height=|eye_color=[[Brown eyes|Brown]]|hair_color=[[Black hair|Black]]|photo=|title=[[Miss South Africa#Winners of Miss SA|Miss South Africa 1994]]|competitions=[[Miss World 1994]]&lt;br /&gt;(1st runner-up)|spouse={{marriage|Romeo Kumalo|2000}}|children=3|homepage={{url|www.basetsanakumalo.com}}}}

'''U-Basetsana Julia''' &quot;Bassie&quot; '''Khumalo''' (owazalwa mhla zingama-29 kuNdasa ngonyaka ka-1974)  ungumuntu onesithonga sikamabonakude waseNingizimu Afrika, umnikazi weziqu zomncintiswano wobuhle, usomabhizinisi wesifazane, umsizi. Umsebenzi wakhe waqala ngo-1990 ngemuva kokugcotshwa njengoMiss Soweto noMiss Black South Africa eneminyaka eyi-16. Wathola umqhele kaMiss South Africa ngo-1994 futhi ngalowo nyaka waba ngowokuqala ukuthola umqhele kaMiss World.

== Ukuphila kwasebuntwaneni nemfundo ==
UKumalo wazalelwa eSoweto, eNingizimu Afrika. Yena nodadewabo ababili (omunye wabo nguJohanna Makgalemele) nomfowabo abachitha iminyaka yabo yobuntwana besiza ukugcina umndeni uphephile, benza amasemishi ukuze bathengise emidlalweni yebhola lezinyawo njalo ngempelasonto. Wafunda eThabisang Primary School e-Orlando West. Lapho [[Soweto|iSoweto]] igcwele uthuthuva lwabafundi ngonyaka ka-1986 wabe esethunyelwa eTrinity Secondary School lapho aqeda khona izifundo zakhe zikamatikuletsheni. Wabe esebhalisa emfundweni ephakeme e-[[I-University of Venda|University of Venda]], wabe esemeja ngezemfundo.

Ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe njengo Miss South Afrika, uKumalo wayejola nomshayisibhakela.

Wahlangana nomyeni wakhe uRomeo Kumalo, umphathi we-Vodacom futhi owayengumsakazi, lapho ethola umqhele kaMiss Soweto. Baqala ukuthandana ngonyaka ka-1997 base beshada ngonyaka ka-2000. Ngonyaka ka-2004 uKumalo wazala ingane yabo yokuqala, obizwa ngelika Nkosinathi Gabriel. Indodana yesibili, uShaka Kgositsile Emmanuel, yazalwa ngonyaka ka-2012.

UKumalo nomyeni wakhe uRomeo basungule i-Romeo &amp; Basetsana Kumalo Family Foundation, ezokhulisa izingane, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingenabazali ngenxa yengculaza nezinye izifo ezihlobene nayo. Ngonyaka ka-2009 isisekelo sathola i-Inyathelo Philanthropy Merit Award. UKumalo wajoyina umlingisi uSalma Hayek ngezinhloso zokuqeda i-tetanus yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye neyomama emhlabeni, njengomkhulumeli we-United Nations Children's Fund kanye nomkhankaso we-nappy brand Pamper's wokusindisa izingane ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-250 ngonyaka ka-2012.

== Umsebenzi ==

=== Umbukiso ===
Phakathi kuka-1990 no-1991, uKumalo wathweswa umqhele kaMiss Soweto eneminyaka eyi-16. UKumalo washiya isikole wahlela ukulandela ezinyathelweni zikamawakhe njengothisha, kodwa kwaba ngaphambi kokuba abhaliswe e-[[I-University of Venda|University of Venda]] ukuyofunda eZemfundo. Unina wamfaka emncintiswaneni kaMiss South Africa lapho uKumalo anqoba khona.

*

== Imiklomelo nokuqashelwa ==
Ngonyaka ka-1994, wathola umfundaze wokuhlonishwa wezifundo zaphesheya ophuma ku[[Nelson Mandela]].

Ngonyaka ka-2002 nangonyaka ka-2003, wavotelwa yi-Sunday Times ne-Elle Magazine kuma-TV Style Awards njengomgqugquzeli womagazini wesifazane osesitayeleni kakhulu / umhleli wezinhlelo zokuzijabulisa.

Ngonyaka ka-2004, uKumalo wavotelwa ngo-74 ohlwini lwabantu baseNingizimu Afrika abangu-100 abakhulu ngo-2004, okuwukuphela kweNkosikazi yaseNingizimu Afrika ohlwini. 

Ngonyaka ka-2006, i-Cape Town Fashion Festival yanikeza uKumalo i-Fashion Icon Award. ''I-Femina Magazine'' yamkhetha njengomunye wabesifazane abayishumi abakhanga kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika.

UKumalo waphinde wathola i-Annual Rapport/City Press Prestige Awards. 

Ngonyaka ka-2011, wahlonishwa njengomholi we-Young Global yi-World Economic Forum.

Ngonyaka ka-2019, wanikezwa umklomelo wesithonjana esisetayeleni kakhulu kuma-South African Style Awards. 

KuMfumfu ngonyaka ka-2021, wahlonishwa ngomklomelo wodumo yi-Tastic rice ngokuba ngabesifazane abanethonya kakhulu endaweni yezindaba [[IKapa|eKapa]].

== Izinkomba ==

[[Category:Abantu baphilayo]]
[[Category:Abazalwa nge-1974]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>8nc0yhx7cyd79bm2y4il1wfvabe38n3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usiko LwamaZulu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33194</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121955</id>
      <parentid>116127</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T02:21:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>15036</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>121955</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3818" sha1="ach0zni1jqmeuszh0heijvk3669pxog" xml:space="preserve">[[File:INGRAM1891 pg224 A Zulu Chief.jpg|thumb|Zulu]]
'''Ngaphambi''' kombuso wakwaZulu, [[AmaZulu]] kuqala aye ngumndeni omkhulu owodwa. Izimpande zombuso wakwazulu waqala kumphakathi wamaNguni, emaphakathini e - Afrika eduze naso Ogwini olusempumalanga. Umbuso wamaZulu wasungulwa ubaba Malandela ngonyaka ka 1709.&lt;ref&gt;https://southafrica.co.za/nr/amazulu.html&lt;/ref&gt; Yize amaZulu ephila ngaphansi kaHulumeni wentando eningi kodwa anawo amakhosi abo . Inkosi esabusa kulesikhathi inkosi uMisuZulu umntwana kaSenzangakhona ongasekho. Amakhosi aqikelela ukuthi usiko lwamaZulu alufi nokuthi izizukulwana nezi zukulwana ziyazi ngosuko lazo lwamaZulu , Inkosi YakwaZulu iqikele ukuba yeganelwe amakhosikazi amaningi ukuze isibongo sobukhosi sikhule futhi kube khona nenkosi ezogcotshwatshwa uma inkosi ikhothama.&lt;ref&gt;https://umlalazi.gov.za/index.php/summary-of-the-8-zulu&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abamaZulu bakhuluma ulimi olwesiZulu oluyingxenye yezilimi eziyishumi nanye ezikhona eNingizimu Afrika. INingizimu Afrika iqukethe abantu abayizigi eziyishumi nanye zabantu abangamaZulu. Iningi lwamaZulu liqamuka futhi sihlala esifundazweni sakwaZulu-Natali. Ulimi lwamaZulu  lusabalele ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zanazwe okubalwa khona iLesotho ,iMalawi , iBotswana kanye ne Swazini. 

== Umlando WamaZulu ==
[[File:Zulu maiden dancing Umemulo.jpg|thumb|Umemulo]]
[[AmaZulu]] adume ngemiciko yabo eyahlukahlukene yesiko. Isibonelo ,Usiko lwamaZulu lubuye lubungaze ukukhuliswa kwentombi. Loluhlobo lomncimbi lwenziwa umndeni uma ufuna kubungaza indodakazi yabo uma iziphathe kwaze kwafika izinga elithile leminyaka ,noma uma   indodakazi isingena esigabeni sokukhula.&lt;ref&gt;https://witsvuvuzela.com/2019/04/18/slice-of-life-umemulo-coming-of-age-in-modern-times/{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://witsvuvuzela.com/2019/04/18/slice-of-life-umemulo-coming-of-age-in-modern-times/{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Esikhathini esiningi lomncimbi wenzelwa uma intombazane isayintombi nto kodwa kweminye imindeni indodakazi yakhona eyenzelwa lomncimbi . Kulomcimbi kuqalwa ngokuthathwa umkhonto komalume emese izimpelesi zigoqa nalo oyobe enzelwa umemulo ,kuyenzeka ukuthi kugoqwe iviki lonke ukuze kufike usuku lomncimbi. Ngosuku lomncimbi intombazane kuqalwe ifakwe umhlwehlwe emese ishiselwa impepho ukuze umncimbi wayo uzo hamba kahle noma ishiselwa ukuyibonga emadlozini ukuziphatha kahle kwayo emese bayicelela okuhle.&lt;ref&gt;https://witsvuvuzela.com/2019/04/18/slice-of-life-umemulo-coming-of-age-in-modern-times/{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Inkolo Ne Sintu SamaZulu ==
Yize [[AmaZulu]] anayo inkolelo yobukrestu la bethandaza khona unkulunkulu baphinde baya esontweni kodwa babuye bakholelwe kakhulu emadlozini, la kwesinye isikhathi benza imicimbi ecelwe okhokho, isibonelo, umsebenzi wenkomo , kulo mcimbi kudlinzwa isilwane imvamisa kuloluhlono kusuke kwiyinkomo. Lemncimbi yedlozi yenziwa uma kufunwa ukujabulisa amadlozi noma uma [[AmaZulu]] efuna ukushweleza edlozini noma befuna ukubonga idlozi ngenhlanhla enhle . 
[[File:Herbs for Traditional Healing.jpg|thumb|Traditional herbs ]]
Esikhathini samanje kusakhona [[AmaZulu]] asakholwelwa ekuphileni impilo yabo ngendlela yesintu, labasakholelwa ekutheni ukusetshenziswa komlingo omnyama ukuze bazelaphe uma begula noma bedlaselwa izifo . Basebenzisa imithi egayiwe , iphinde iphekwe mese iyomiswa kaphambili kokuthi ibe imithi.  AmaZulu akholelwa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni namadlozi wabo lokhu bakwenza ngokushisa impepho emsamu nomabavakashele isangoma esizobahlolela ukuze bakwazi ukukhuluma namadloziwawo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/african-ancestors-and-amadlozi&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo YoLwazi ==</text>
      <sha1>ach0zni1jqmeuszh0heijvk3669pxog</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uhlu lwamanyuvesi eNingizimu Afrika</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33288</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121954</id>
      <parentid>121854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T01:36:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>15036</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>121954</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17763" sha1="lx2kz0vtrxlpij5gddqff7d9sgvienu" xml:space="preserve">[[File:South_Africa_(orthographic_projection).svg|right|thumb|200x200px|Indawo yase[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|Ningizimu Afrika]]]]
Lolu '''uhlu lwamanyuvesi [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|aseNingizimu Afrika]]'''. Kulolu hlu, amakolishi namanyuvesi achazwa njengezikhungo ezigunyaziwe, izikhunfi ezinikeza iziqu. Kusukela ngo-Septemba 2022, yizikhungo zomphakathi zaseNingizimu Afrika ezinikeza iziqu kuphela ezingazibiza ngokuthi &quot;amanyuvesi&quot;, kuyilapho ezinye izikhungo zangasese ezenza inzuzo noma ezingenzi inzuzo zivame ukuzibiza ngokuthi amakolishi, izikhungo noma izikole zohwebo.

Ezinye zalezi zikhungo zangasese ziyizikhungo zasendaweni eziphethwe amanyuvesi waphesheya. Izikhungo ezinikeza iziqu (zasobala nezangasese) kufanele zibhaliswe, futhi izinhlelo zazo zeziqu ezigunyazwe uMkhandlu Wemfundo Ephakeme.

Ngowezi-2004 [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|INingizimu Afrika]] yaqala ukuvuselela uhlelo lwayo lwemfundo ephakeme esobala,  ngokuhlanganisa nokushumanqa amanyuvesi amancane omphakathi kube izikhungweni ezinkulu, nokwetha kabusha zonke izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme ngokuthi &quot;inyuvesi&quot; (ngaphambilini kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningana zezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme). Amanyuvesi ezwe kanye &quot;nama-technikons&quot;, ashumenqe namanye ngalokho angasekho, abaliwe ohlwini ekupheleni kwalesi sibhalwa.

Amanyuvesi amabili amasha anyakulwe ngowezi-2013, INyuvesi kaSol Plaatjie kanye [[I-University of Mpumalanga|neNyuvesi yaseMpumalanga]]. Ajinjwe emunxeni wamanyuvesi ezobuchwepheshe, kusalindwe ukucaciswa kwezinhlelo zawo.

==AmaNyuvesi Asobala==
Amanyuvesi asobala eNingizimu Afrika ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu: amanyuvesi avamile, aneziqu zemfundo echasiswayo; kube amanyuvesi wezobuchwepheshe, aneziqu zamakhono; bese kuba amanyuvesi ahlanganisa kokubili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sauvca.org.za/highered/ |title=www.sauvca.org.za &amp;#124; highered |access-date=1 March 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050301015907/http://www.sauvca.org.za/highered/ |archive-date=1 March 2005 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hesa.org.za/Index_files/Structures.htm HESA Structures]{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Amanyuvesi avamile===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:UCT Upper Campus landscape view.jpg|INyuvesi yaseKapa
File:Fort hare, old building - rsa.jpg|[[University of Fort Hare]]
File:Main_building_FSU_2.jpg|[[I-University of the Free State|INyuvesi yaseFuleyisitata]]
File:UKZNPclocktower.jpg|[[INyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali]]
File:Building Potchefstroom University.jpg|[[Inyuvesi yasenyakatho-ntshonalanga|INyuvesi yaseNyakatho ntshona]]
File:Old Arts Faculty Building, University of Pretoria.jpg|[[I-University of Pretoria|INyuvesi yasePitoli]]
File:Rhodes oldcampus.jpg|[[I-Rhodes University|INyuvesi kaRhodes]]
File:Stellenbosch Ou Hoofgebou.jpg|INyuvesi yaseStellenbosch
File:University of the Western Cape - Central Campus entry.jpg|INyuesi yaseNtshonalanga Kapa
File:The Wits University Great Hall.jpg|[[University of the Witwatersrand|INyuvesi yase-Wits]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot;
|- 
! Isikhungo
! Isifenqo
! Yasungulwa
! University status
! Umfunda
! Postgrad
! data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; | Isamba 
! Izindawo
! Ulimi
|-
| [[University of Cape Town]]
| Ikeys / UCT
| 1 October 1829&lt;ref name=&quot;ucthist&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uct.ac.za/about/intro/history/ |title=University of Cape Town / About the university / Introducing UCT |access-date=2013-08-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815204514/http://www.uct.ac.za/about/intro/history/ |archive-date=15 August 2013 }} Our history. Retrieved 13 May 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
| 2 April 1918&lt;ref name=&quot;ucthist&quot; /&gt;
| 18,421
| 10,653
| 29,074
| [[Cape Town]]
| Eng
|-
| [[University of Fort Hare|iNyuvesi Yase-Fort Hare]]
| UFH / Blues 
| 1916&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=1042 |title=The Presidency &amp;#124; University of Fort Hare (1916–) |access-date=14 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227005900/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/pebble.asp?relid=1042 |archive-date=27 December 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| 9,074
| 2,000
| 11,074
| [[Alice, South Africa|Alice]], [[East London, Eastern Cape|East London]], [[Bhisho]]
| Eng
|-
| [[University of the Free State]]
| Kovsies / UFS
| 28 January 1904&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ufs.ac.za/content.aspx?id%3D11 |title=University of the Free State Brief history |access-date=2011-04-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223149/http://www.ufs.ac.za/content.aspx?id=11 |archive-date=2 December 2013 }} Brief History. Retrieved 28 April 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1950&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Username * |url=http://www.sarua.org/?q=uni_University%20of%20the%20Free%20State |title=University of the Free State |publisher=SARUA |access-date=2018-07-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 21,193
| 5,082
| 26,275&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ufs.ac.za/content.aspx |title=University of the Free State UFS About Us |access-date=17 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122221510/http://www.ufs.ac.za/content.aspx?cid=19 |archive-date=22 January 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Bloemfontein]], [[QwaQwa]]
| Eng  
|-
| [[INyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali]]
| UKZN / Natal / Impi
| 1 January 2004&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ukznhist&quot;/&gt;
| 1 January 2004&lt;ref name=&quot;ukznhist&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/About-UKZN/UKZN-History.aspx |title=History- University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal |access-date=2011-08-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730022006/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/About-UKZN/UKZN-History.aspx |archive-date=30 July 2012 }} History – University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved 13 May 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
| 33,456
| 13,064
| 46,520 (2016)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ukzn.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/At-a-Glance-2017.pdf |title=UKZN at a Glance |access-date=2019-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Durban]], [[Pietermaritzburg]], [[Pinetown]], [[Westville, KwaZulu-Natal|Westville]]
| Eng
|- 
| [[University of Limpopo]]
| Turfloop
| 1 January 2005&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ulhist&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ul.ac.za/index.php?Entity=UL%20Historical%20Background |title=University of Limpopo |publisher=Ul.ac.za |access-date=2018-07-24 |archive-date=2019-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823181314/https://www.ul.ac.za/index.php?Entity=UL%20Historical%20Background |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1 January 2005&lt;ref name=&quot;ulhist&quot; /&gt;
| 17,273
| 3,327
| 20,600
| [[Polokwane]], [[Turfloop]]
| Eng
|-
| [[North-West University]]
| NWU / Pukke / Eagles 
| 1 January 2004&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nwuhist&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nwu.ac.za/nwu/history.html |title=NWU, History of the NWU |publisher=Nwu.ac.za |date=2004-01-01 |access-date=2018-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725003157/http://www.nwu.ac.za/nwu/history.html |archive-date=25 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1 January 2004&lt;ref name=&quot;nwuhist&quot; /&gt;
| 43,596
| 3,235
| 44,008
| [[Mafikeng]], [[Mankwe]], [[Potchefstroom]], [[Vanderbijlpark]]
| Afr (Potchefstroom campus), Eng (Mafikeng campus), Setswana (Vaaldriehoek campus)
|-
| [[University of Pretoria]]
| Tuks / Tukkies / UP&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=33 |title=New Students &amp;#124; University of Pretoria |publisher=Web.up.ac.za |access-date=2018-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020170515/http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=33 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 4 March 1908&lt;ref name=&quot;uphist&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=2&amp;subid=2&amp;ipklookid=2 |title=Geskiedenis &gt; Universiteit van Pretoria |access-date=2009-08-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101004552/http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=2&amp;subid=2&amp;ipklookid=2 |archive-date=1 November 2009 }} History of the University of Pretoria. Retrieved 31 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 10 October 1930&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/style_det.php?styleid=368 |title=Pretoria School of Architecture |publisher=Artefacts.co.za |access-date=2018-07-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 35,942&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| 12,541&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| 48,483&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UP at a Glance|url=https://issuu.com/universityofpretoria/docs/up_at_a_glance_2018__1_/1|access-date=2020-11-03|website=issuu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Pretoria]], [[Johannesburg|Johannesburg&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=77 Campuses. Retrieved 1 October 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118172832/http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=77 |date=18 January 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Eng 
|-
| [[Rhodes University]]
| Rhodes / RU 
| 31 May 1904&lt;ref name=&quot;ruhist&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ru.ac.za/rhodes/introducingrhodes/historyofrhodes |title=Rhodes University-Where Leaders Learn |publisher=Ru.ac.za |date= 24 April 2015|access-date=2018-07-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 10 March 1951
| 5,456
| 1,127
| 6,700
| [[Grahamstown]]
| Eng
|-
| [[Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University|Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;]]
| SMU (formerly MEDUNSA)
| 16 May 2014&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Nzimande |first=Blade |title=HIGHER EDUCATION ACT, 1997 (ACT No. 101 OF 1997) ESTABLISHMENT OF A PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION: Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University |journal=Government Gazette |publisher=Government Printing Works |volume=587 |issue=37658 |url=http://www.gpwonline.co.za/Gazettes/Gazettes/37658_16-5_HighEduTrain.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928193549/http://www.gpwonline.co.za/Gazettes/Gazettes/37658_16-5_HighEduTrain.pdf |access-date=28 September 2017 |archivedate=28 September 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928193549/http://www.gpwonline.co.za/Gazettes/Gazettes/37658_16-5_HighEduTrain.pdf |deadurl=yes }} [https://archive.opengazettes.org.za/archive/ZA/2014/government-gazette-ZA-vol-587-no-37658-dated-2014-05-16.pdf Alt URL]&lt;/ref&gt;
| 16 May 2014
|
|
|6,410 (2018)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.smu.ac.za/a-little-giant-surely-reaching-its-milestones/|title=A Little Giant Surely Reaching its Milestones|access-date=2019-10-14|archive-date=2019-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014095727/https://www.smu.ac.za/a-little-giant-surely-reaching-its-milestones/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Ga-Rankuwa]], [[Pretoria]]
| Eng
|-
| [[Stellenbosch University]]
| Maties, Stellies
| 1866&lt;ref name=&quot;ushist&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sun.ac.za/university/history/history.htm |title=Historical Background |access-date=2011-12-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131210957/http://www.sun.ac.za/university/history/history.htm |archive-date=31 January 2012 }}. Retrieved 13 May 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
| 2 April 1918&lt;ref name=&quot;ushist&quot; /&gt;
| 17,970&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sun.ac.za/english/about-us/statistical-profile &quot;Stellenbosch University Statistical Profile 2012&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528020334/http://www.sun.ac.za/english/about-us/statistical-profile |date=28 May 2013 }}, Official Stellenbosch University Website, SU Consensus, June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| 9,853
| 27,823
| [[Stellenbosch]], [[Saldanha Bay]], [[Bellville, Western Cape|Bellville]], [[Tygerberg]]
| Eng, Afr 
|-
| [[University of the Western Cape]]
| UWC / Bush / U Dubs
| 1959&lt;ref name=&quot;uwchist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=cms&amp;action=showfulltext&amp;id=gen11Srv7Nme54_8987_1210050562&amp;menustate=about |title=History &amp;#91; Home &amp;#124; CMS &amp;#124; showfulltext &amp;#93; |access-date=13 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516205018/http://www.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=cms&amp;action=showfulltext&amp;id=gen11Srv7Nme54_8987_1210050562&amp;menustate=about |archive-date=16 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1970&lt;ref name=&quot;uwchist&quot; /&gt;
| 11,836
| 3,390
| 15,226
| [[Bellville, Western Cape|Bellville]]
| Eng
|-
| [[University of the Witwatersrand]]
| Wits, Witsies
| 1896&lt;ref name=&quot;witshist&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.wits.ac.za/aboutwits/introducingwits/short-history-of-the-university/3162/short_history_of_the_university.html |title=Short history of the University &amp;#124; Getting to know Wits &amp;#124; About Wits - Wits University |access-date=2011-12-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227060606/http://www.wits.ac.za/aboutwits/introducingwits/short-history-of-the-university/3162/short_history_of_the_university.html |archive-date=27 December 2011 }}. Retrieved 13 May 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1922&lt;ref name=&quot;witshist&quot; /&gt;
| 24 621&lt;ref name=&quot;FACTS &amp; FIGURES 2017/2018&quot;&gt;[https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/footer/about-wits/facts-and-figures/documents/Wits-Fact--Figures2017-2018.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411210857/https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/footer/about-wits/facts-and-figures/documents/Wits-Fact--Figures2017-2018.pdf |date=2019-04-11 }}, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg FACTS &amp; FIGURES 2017/2018, retrieved 4 August 2018&lt;/ref&gt;
| 13 234&lt;ref name=&quot;FACTS &amp; FIGURES 2017/2018&quot;/&gt;
| 38 353&lt;ref name=&quot;FACTS &amp; FIGURES 2017/2018&quot;/&gt;
| [[Johannesburg]]
| Eng
|}

Note&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;: By merger of existing institutions

Note&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;: Exact and current numbers not available, these numbers are from the [[University of Pretoria|University of Pretoria's wiki]].

Note&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;: The university's business school the [[Gordon Institute of Business Science]] has a campus in [[Illovo, Gauteng|Illovo]] and an inner-city campus on Pritchard Street, in downtown [[Johannesburg]].

Note&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;: Split out from the [[University of Limpopo]] into which [[Medical University of South Africa]] had previously merged.

===Amanyuvesi ahlanganisayo===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:University of Johannesburg.jpg|[[University of Johannesburg]]
File:University of South Africa taken with cellphone camera.jpg|[[University of South Africa|INyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika]] (Unisa)
File:UniversityOfVenda.JPG|[[I-University of Venda|INyuvesi yaseVenda]]
File:Old VC's House.jpg|[[INyuvesi yakwaZulu]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot;
|- &quot;
! Isikhungo
! Isifenqo
! Yasungulwa
! Imfunda
! Postgrad
! Isamba
! Izindawo
! Ulim
|-
| [[University of Johannesburg]] 
| UJ
|1 January 2005&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; (1967 as [[Rand Afrikaans University|RAU]], [[Technikon Witwatersrand]] and the East Rand campus of [[Vista University]])
|
|
| &gt;50,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.uj.ac.za/about |title=University of Johannesburg |access-date=2019-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Johannesburg]], [[Soweto]]
| Eng
|-
| [[Nelson Mandela University]]
| Madibaz / NMU
| 1 January 2005&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (1964 as [[University of Port Elizabeth|UPE]])
| 19,768
| 2,884
| 22,652
| [[Port Elizabeth]], [[George, Western Cape|George]]
| Eng
|-
| [[University of South Africa]]
| Unisa
| 1873 ([[University of the Cape of Good Hope|UCGH]])
|
|
| 300,000
| Distance education, headquartered in [[Pretoria]], campuses and regional offices nationwide
| Eng

|-
| [[University of Venda]] 
| Univen 
| 1982
|
|
| 10,968
| [[Thohoyandou]]
| Eng
|- 
| [[Walter Sisulu University]] 
| WSU/ALL BLACKS
| 1977 ([[University of Transkei|Unitra]])
|
|
| 32,081 (2018)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.wsu.ac.za/waltersisulu/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/20180901-Convocation-AGM.docx |title=VC's state of the university address: Convocation AGM |date=2018 |access-date=2019-10-14 |archive-date=2019-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923054927/http://www.wsu.ac.za/waltersisulu/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/20180901-Convocation-AGM.docx |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  
| [[East London, Eastern Cape|East London]], [[Butterworth, Eastern Cape|Butterworth]], [[Mthatha]], [[Queenstown, Eastern Cape|Queenstown]]
| Eng
|-
| [[University of Zululand]]
| UniZulu
| 1960
| 6,456
| 369
| 6,825
| [[Empangeni]]
| Eng 
|}

Note&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;: By merger of existing institutions &lt;br&gt;
Note&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;: By merger of existing institutions

===Amanyuvesi wezobuchwepheshe===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:CPUT Cape Town Campus.jpg|[[Cape Peninsula University of Technology]]
File:Tshwane University of Technology.jpg|[[INyuvesi Yezobuchwepheshe YaseTshwane]]
File:The Durban University of Technology new log.jpg|[[INyuvesi Yezobuchwepheshe yaseDurban]]

&lt;/gallery&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot;
|- &quot;
! Isikhungo
! Isifenqo
! Yasungulwa
! University status
! Umfunda
! Postgrad
! Isamba
! Izindawo
! Ulimi
|-
| [[Cape Peninsula University of Technology]] 
| CPUT/Cats
| 2005&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; 
| 2005
|
|
| 35,000+ &lt;small&gt;(2026)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name= &quot;About CPUT&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.cput.ac.za/about-cput |title= About CPUT |author= |publisher= CPUT |date= |access-date= 5 February 2026 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Bellville, Western Cape|Bellville]], [[Cape Town]]
| Eng
|-
| [[Central University of Technology]] 
| CUT/Ixias
| 1981
|
|
|
| 21,993
| [[Bloemfontein]], [[Welkom]] 
| Eng
|-
| [[Durban University of Technology]] 
| DUT
| 2002&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
| 2002
|
|
| 23,000
| [[Durban]], [[Pietermaritzburg]]
| Eng
|-
| [[Mangosuthu University of Technology]] 
| MUT
| 1979
|2007
|
|
| 
| [[Umlazi]]
| Eng
|-
| [[University of Mpumalanga]] 
|UMP
| 2013
| 2013
| 
| 
|
| [[Mbombela]]
| Eng
|-
| [[Sol Plaatje University]] 
| SPU
| 2013
| 2013
| 
| 
|
| [[Kimberley, Northern Cape]]
| Eng
|-
| [[Tshwane University of Technology]] 
| TUT/Vikings 
| 2003&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
| 2003
|
|
| 60,000
| [[Pretoria]], [[Mbombela]], [[Polokwane]], [[Ga-Rankuwa]], [[Soshanguve]], [[Witbank]]
| Eng

|-
| [[Vaal University of Technology]] 
| VUT
| 1966
| 2003
|
|
| 17,000
| [[Vanderbijlpark]], [[Secunda, Mpumalanga|Secunda]], [[Kempton Park, Gauteng|Kempton Park]], [[Klerksdorp]], [[Upington]]
| Eng
|}

Note&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;: By merger of existing institutions</text>
      <sha1>lx2kz0vtrxlpij5gddqff7d9sgvienu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>FK Panevėžys</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33452</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121924</id>
      <parentid>121576</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T13:14:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Makenzis</username>
        <id>13067</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121924</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7817" sha1="hdap6dnybz5cj6qsp22xfivh2fhqdhw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Panevėžys
| image = Aukstaitijos_stadionas_Is_Panevezio_boksto.JPG
| upright = 0.8
| fullname = Futbolo Klubas Panevėžys
| nickname = 
| founded = 2015
| ground = Aukštaitijos stadionas
| capacity = 6,600
| chairman = Bronius Vaitiekūnas
| manager = Toni Korkeakunn
| league = [[TOPLYGA]]
| season = [[2025 A Lyga|2025]]
| position = A Lyga, 6th of 10
| current = 2026 TOPLYGA
| website = {{URL|http://fk-panevezys.lt/}}
| pattern_la1 = _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_b1 = _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_ra1 = _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_sh1 = _macronskara2223rw
| pattern_so1 = 
| leftarm1 = FF0000
| body1 = FF0000
| rightarm1 = FF0000
| shorts1 = FF0000
| socks1 = FF0000
| pattern_la2 = _macronwyverneco24rbw
| pattern_b2 = _macronwyverneco24rbw
| pattern_ra2 = _macronwyverneco24rbw
| pattern_sh2 = _macronskara2223rbw
| pattern_so2 = 
| leftarm2 = 0000ff
| body2 = 0000ff
| rightarm2 = 0000ff
| shorts2 = 0000ff
| socks2 = 0000ff
}}

'''I-Futbolo klubas Panevėžys''', eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi '''i-FK Panevėžys''', noma '''i-Panevėžys''' nje, iyiklabhu yebhola lochwepheshe yaseLithuania esePanevėžys. Le kilabhu incintisana ne-[[TOPLYGA]], iqembu elihamba phambili lebhola laseLithuania. Le kilabhu yasungulwa ngo-2015.

== Imiklomelo ==
=== Izihloko zesizwe ===
; {{flagicon|Lithuania}} '''[[TOPLYGA]], A lyga:''' 
* '''Abanqobi (1):''' 2023

; {{flagicon|Lithuania}} '''LFF Taurė:'''
* '''Abanqobi (2):''' 2020, 2025

; {{flagicon|Lithuania}} '''Supertaurė:'''
* '''Abanqobi (2):''' 2021, 2024

== Izinkathi Zonyaka ==

{|  class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
!Isizini
!Izinga
!Iligi
!Isikhundla
!Izinkomba
!Amanothi
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2026'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;[https://toplyga.lt/turnyrine-lentele/1 TOPLYGA 2026]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2025'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''6.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2024'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''8.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2023'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#FFDD00&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2022'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#DEB678&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''3.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2021'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''4.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background:gold;&quot;| 🏆 '''Supertaurė'''
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2020'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background:gold;&quot;| 🏆 '''Supertaurė'''
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2019'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2018'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#FFDD00&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''Khula kuze kube'''
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2017'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''10.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2016'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2015'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''8.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Izingubo ==
;Izingubo zemidlalo ziyashintshwa
* 
{|
|{{Football kit |
 |pattern_la= _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_b= _jako thin red hoops 
 |pattern_ra= _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_sh = _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_so = _kalmar16h
 |leftarm=FF0000
 |body=FF0000
 |rightarm=FF0000
 |shorts=FF0000
 |socks=FF0000
 |title= {{small|2019}} 
}}
|{{Football kit |
 |pattern_la= _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_b= _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_ra=_hummeltech19r  
 |pattern_sh = _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_so = _hummeltech19r
 |leftarm=FF0000
 |body=FF0000
 |rightarm=FF0000 
 |shorts=FF0000 
 |socks=FF0000 
 |title= {{small|2020}} 
}}
|{{Football kit 
 |pattern_la = _macron19r
 |pattern_b  = _macronkimah1rw
 |pattern_ra = _macron19r
 |pattern_sh = _macrontempel1rw
 |pattern_so = 
 |leftarm    = FFFFFF
 |body       = FFFFFF
 |rightarm   = FFFFFF
 |shorts     = FFFFFF
 |socks      = FF0000
 |title= {{small|2023}} 
}}
|{{Football kit 
| pattern_la= _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_b= _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_ra= _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_sh= _macronskara2223rw
| pattern_so= _macronskara2223rw
| leftarm= FF0000
| body= FF0000
| rightarm= FF0000
| shorts= FF0000
| socks= FF0000
| title= {{small|2024}} 
}}
|}

== Imithombo ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Amakhasi amangaphandle ==
* [http://fk-panevezys.lt/ Official Site]
* [http://www.toplyga.lt/komanda/panevezys TOPLYGA]
* [https://us.soccerway.com/team/fk-panevezys/E1ffSpX7/ SOCCERWAY]
* [https://www.flashscore.com/team/fk-panevezys/E1ffSpX7/ FLASHSCORE]
* [https://www.transfermarkt.com/fk-panevezys/startseite/verein/49149 Transfermarkt]
* [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-panevezys/25064/ Globalsportsarchive]

{{TOPLYGA}}
[[Category:TOPLYGA]]
[[Category:ILithuwaniya]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panevėžys, FK}}</text>
      <sha1>hdap6dnybz5cj6qsp22xfivh2fhqdhw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121929</id>
      <parentid>121924</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T14:26:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Makenzis</username>
        <id>13067</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>121929</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7819" sha1="6r6j2dmllgg3a5mkfiz109h7jm8xmlx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Panevėžys
| image = Aukstaitijos_stadionas_Is_Panevezio_boksto.JPG
| upright = 0.8
| fullname = Futbolo Klubas Panevėžys
| nickname = 
| founded = 2015
| ground = Aukštaitijos stadionas
| capacity = 6,600
| chairman = Bronius Vaitiekūnas
| manager = Toni Korkeakunnas
| league = [[TOPLYGA]]
| season = [[2025 A Lyga|2025]]
| position = A Lyga, 6th of 10
| current = 2026 TOPLYGA
| website = {{URL|http://fk-panevezys.lt/}}
| pattern_la1 = _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_b1 = _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_ra1 = _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_sh1 = _macronskara2223rw
| pattern_so1 = 
| leftarm1 = FF0000
| body1 = FF0000
| rightarm1 = FF0000
| shorts1 = FF0000
| socks1 = FF0000
| pattern_la2 = _macronwyverneco24rbw
| pattern_b2 = _macronwyverneco24rbw
| pattern_ra2 = _macronwyverneco24rbw
| pattern_sh2 = _macronskara2223rbw
| pattern_so2 = 
| leftarm2 = 0000ff
| body2 = 0000ff
| rightarm2 = 0000ff
| shorts2 = 0000ff
| socks2 = 0000ff
}}

'''I-Futbolo klubas Panevėžys''', eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi '''i-FK Panevėžys''', noma '''i-Panevėžys''' nje, iyiklabhu yebhola lochwepheshe yaseLithuania esePanevėžys. Le kilabhu incintisana ne-[[TOPLYGA]], iqembu elihamba phambili lebhola laseLithuania. Le kilabhu yasungulwa ngo-2015.

== Imiklomelo ==
=== Izihloko zesizwe ===
; {{flagicon|Lithuania}} '''[[TOPLYGA]], A lyga:''' 
* '''Abanqobi (1):''' 2023

; {{flagicon|Lithuania}} '''LFF Taurė:'''
* '''Abanqobi (2):''' 2020, 2025

; {{flagicon|Lithuania}} '''Supertaurė:'''
* '''Abanqobi (2):''' 2021, 2024

== Izinkathi Zonyaka ==

{|  class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
!Isizini
!Izinga
!Iligi
!Isikhundla
!Izinkomba
!Amanothi
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2026'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;[https://toplyga.lt/turnyrine-lentele/1 TOPLYGA 2026]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2025'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''6.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2024'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''8.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2023'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#FFDD00&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2022'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#DEB678&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''3.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2021'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''4.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background:gold;&quot;| 🏆 '''Supertaurė'''
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2020'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background:gold;&quot;| 🏆 '''Supertaurė'''
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2019'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2018'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#FFDD00&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''Khula kuze kube'''
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2017'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''10.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2016'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2015'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''8.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Izingubo ==
;Izingubo zemidlalo ziyashintshwa
* 
{|
|{{Football kit |
 |pattern_la= _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_b= _jako thin red hoops 
 |pattern_ra= _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_sh = _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_so = _kalmar16h
 |leftarm=FF0000
 |body=FF0000
 |rightarm=FF0000
 |shorts=FF0000
 |socks=FF0000
 |title= {{small|2019}} 
}}
|{{Football kit |
 |pattern_la= _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_b= _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_ra=_hummeltech19r  
 |pattern_sh = _hummeltech19r 
 |pattern_so = _hummeltech19r
 |leftarm=FF0000
 |body=FF0000
 |rightarm=FF0000 
 |shorts=FF0000 
 |socks=FF0000 
 |title= {{small|2020}} 
}}
|{{Football kit 
 |pattern_la = _macron19r
 |pattern_b  = _macronkimah1rw
 |pattern_ra = _macron19r
 |pattern_sh = _macrontempel1rw
 |pattern_so = 
 |leftarm    = FFFFFF
 |body       = FFFFFF
 |rightarm   = FFFFFF
 |shorts     = FFFFFF
 |socks      = FF0000
 |title= {{small|2023}} 
}}
|{{Football kit 
| pattern_la= _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_b= _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_ra= _macronwyverneco24rw
| pattern_sh= _macronskara2223rw
| pattern_so= _macronskara2223rw
| leftarm= FF0000
| body= FF0000
| rightarm= FF0000
| shorts= FF0000
| socks= FF0000
| title= {{small|2024}} 
}}
|}

== Imithombo ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Amakhasi amangaphandle ==
* [http://fk-panevezys.lt/ Official Site]
* [http://www.toplyga.lt/komanda/panevezys TOPLYGA]
* [https://us.soccerway.com/team/fk-panevezys/E1ffSpX7/ SOCCERWAY]
* [https://www.flashscore.com/team/fk-panevezys/E1ffSpX7/ FLASHSCORE]
* [https://www.transfermarkt.com/fk-panevezys/startseite/verein/49149 Transfermarkt]
* [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-panevezys/25064/ Globalsportsarchive]

{{TOPLYGA}}
[[Category:TOPLYGA]]
[[Category:ILithuwaniya]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panevėžys, FK}}</text>
      <sha1>6r6j2dmllgg3a5mkfiz109h7jm8xmlx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ikhoza</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33457</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121962</id>
      <parentid>118711</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T04:34:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121962</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="714" sha1="r4x949hcbocf8h7hrjw0k8qvmct5ynx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Hot_metalwork.jpg|thumb|Inkimbi eshisayo]]
Kwezomchadamezo, '''ikhoza''' (ngokuvamile sithi '''ukushisa''') lichazwa njengohlobo [[Isidlakalasi|lesidlakalasi]] eseqa emngceleni wesimiso somchadamezo ngenxa yomehluko [[Izingakushisa|wamazingakushisa]] ngaphesheya komngcele. Isimiso somchadamezo ''asiliqukethe'' ikhoza. Noma kunjalo, leli gama livame ukusetshenziselwa nalapho kubhekisela isidlakalasini sekhoza esiqukethwe isimiso njengengxenye yesidlakalasi esingaphakathi futhi esiboniswa kumazingenikushisa esimiso.

Inhlolakhoza (Calorimetry) isilinganiso somthelela wekhoza ezimeni zezindikimba elinanana nazo, ngokwesibonelo, ngenani leqhwa elincibilikile noma ngokuguquka kwezingakushisa lendikimba.</text>
      <sha1>r4x949hcbocf8h7hrjw0k8qvmct5ynx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hasan Çolak</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34063</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121949</id>
      <parentid>121767</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T21:05:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-20604-98</username>
        <id>25805</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121949</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4467" sha1="57x50vo4kgzz6a322z13s8dfob3s626" xml:space="preserve">'''Hasan Çolak''' (1 Haziran 1948, Malatya – 24 Nisan 2025, Ankara), Türk makine mühendisi, sanayici ve iş insanıdır. Türkiye’de rüzgâr enerjisi teknolojilerinin gelişiminde öncü isimlerden biri olarak kabul edilir.&lt;ref name=&quot;yapi1&quot; /&gt;

Türkiye’de ilk rüzgâr türbinini tasarlayan ve üreten firma olan SoyutWind’in kurucusu ve Onursal Başkanı’dır. 1974 yılında kurulan Çolak Holding A.Ş.’nin (Soyut Group) ve bağlı tüm iştirak şirketlerinin kurucusu ve Onursal Başkanı’dır.

New York merkezli World Trade Centers Association lisansını 1992 yılında satın alarak Ankara’da World Trade Center Ankara’yı kurmuş ve vefatına kadar Onursal Başkanlık görevini yürütmüştür.

Ayrıca çelik ve fiber malzemeleri birleştirerek mobil yapılar, karavan, treyler ve konteyner üretimi gerçekleştiren Soyut Karavan’ın kurucusu ve Onursal Başkanı’dır. &lt;ref&gt;''Çolak Holding 50. yılını kutlarken, kurucumuz ve onursal başkanımız Hasan Çolak ile enerji sektöründeki öncü atılımları, Çolak Holding’in ve markalarının kuruluş öykülerini ve gelecek projeksiyonlarını kapsayan bir söyleşi yaptık.''  https://soyutkaravan.com/en/ruzgari-enerjiye-donusturen-oncu/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hayatı ve eğitimi ==
Hasan Çolak, 1 Haziran 1948 tarihinde Malatya’da doğdu. Liseyi Adana Erkek Lisesi’nde okudu.

1971 yılında Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü’nden mezun oldu.

Üniversiteden mezuniyetinin hemen ardından Türkiye Elektrik Kurumu’nda (TEK) tasarım, saha ve kontrol mühendisi görevlerinde bulundu.

== Kariyeri ==
Hasan Çolak, mühendislik kariyerine kamu sektöründe başladıktan sonra sanayi ve üretim alanında iş dünyasına yöneldi.

1974 yılında kurduğu Çolak Holding ile mühendislik, makine üretimi ve enerji alanlarında faaliyet gösteren çok sektörlü bir yapı oluşturdu. Holding bünyesinde yer alan şirketler aracılığıyla Türkiye’de ve yurtdışında çok sayıda sanayi ve enerji projesinin geliştirilmesine öncülük etti. &lt;ref&gt;https://soyut.com/sektorler/&lt;/ref&gt;

1990’lı yılların sonlarından itibaren yenilenebilir enerji alanına yönelerek rüzgâr enerjisi teknolojileri üzerine yoğun Ar-Ge çalışmaları yürüttü. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda Türkiye’de yerli rüzgâr türbini üretiminin öncü firmalarından biri olan SoyutWind’i kurdu.

== Sanayi ve enerji alanındaki çalışmaları ==
Hasan Çolak, kariyeri boyunca enerji ve sanayi alanında çok sayıda yenilikçi projeye imza attı.

Kömür ve hidroelektrik santraller, maden makineleri ve çeşitli endüstriyel üretim sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi üzerine çalıştı.

1998 yılında başlattığı çalışmalarla rüzgâr enerjisi alanına yöneldi ve Türkiye’de yerli rüzgâr türbini üretiminin temelini atan çalışmaları gerçekleştirdi. [[Soyut Wind|SoyutWind]] markası altında geliştirilen türbinler, hem Türkiye’de hem de uluslararası pazarlarda çeşitli projelerde kullanıldı.

Ayrıca, kompozit ve çelik malzemelerin birlikte kullanıldığı mobil yapı teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesine öncülük ederek bu alanda üretim yapan Soyut Karavan markasını hayata geçirdi.  

== Kurumsal görevleri ==
Hasan Çolak, sanayi ve ticaret alanındaki faaliyetlerinin yanı sıra uluslararası iş dünyasında da aktif rol aldı.

1992 yılında World Trade Centers Association lisansını alarak World Trade Center Ankara’yı kurdu ve bu yapının gelişimine liderlik etti. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wtca.org/users/417-hasan-colak &quot;Hasan Colak - World Trade Center Ankara&quot;]. wtca.org.&lt;/ref&gt;

Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu’nun ilk Onursal Üyesi’dir.

Ayrıca çeşitli meslek kuruluşlarına üyelikleri bulunmakta olup, Ticaret Odası, Sanayi Odası ve Makine Mühendisleri Odası üyesidir.

== İlgi alanları ==
Felsefe, fizik, resim, binicilik ve koleksiyonerlik.

== Vefatı ==
Hasan Çolak, 24 Nisan 2025 tarihinde hayatını kaybetti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://yapidunyasi.com.tr/2025/04/25/hasan-colak-vefat-etti/|title=Hasan Çolak vefat etti|website=yapidunyasi.com.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cenazesi Ankara Gölbaşı’nda defnedildi.

== Kaynakça ==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;yapi1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web
|url=https://yapidunyasi.com.tr/2024/04/25/colak-holdingin-kurucusu-hasan-colak-ile-soylesi/
|title=Çolak Holding'in Kurucusu Hasan Çolak ile Söyleşi
|website=yapidunyasi.com.tr
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;</text>
      <sha1>57x50vo4kgzz6a322z13s8dfob3s626</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Av. Serdarhan Topo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34075</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121932</id>
      <parentid>121878</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T14:38:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-20387-68</username>
        <id>25801</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121932</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3110" sha1="jjhnj1sk6meloy3upd8s7ncfocjgxz5" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox person
| name = Serdarhan Topo
| birth_date = 15 Nisan 1992
| birth_place = İstanbul, Türkiye
| nationality = Türk
| occupation = Avukat
| known_for = Bilişim hukuku ve internet suçları alanındaki çalışmaları
}}

'''Serdarhan Topo''' (d. 15 Nisan 1992, İstanbul), Türk avukat ve hukuk danışmanıdır. Bilişim hukuku, internet hukuku ve siber suçlar alanında yaptığı çalışmalarla tanınmaktadır. İstanbul merkezli Topo Hukuk Bürosu’nun kurucusudur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.topo.av.tr/avukat-serdarhantopo/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hayatı ve eğitimi ==

Serdarhan Topo, 15 Nisan 1992 tarihinde İstanbul’un Fatih ilçesinde doğdu. İlk ve orta öğrenimini burslu olarak Özel Birikim Okulları’nda tamamladı. Lise eğitimini Çatalca Anadolu Lisesi’nde aldı.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

2010 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi’ni dereceyle kazandı ve 2014 yılında mezun oldu. Üniversite yıllarında çeşitli sosyal sorumluluk projelerinde gönüllü olarak yer aldı.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.serdarhantopo.com.tr/topo-hukuk-kurucusu-serdar-han-topo-kim/&lt;/ref&gt;

Mezuniyetinin ardından avukatlık stajını tamamlayarak İstanbul Barosu’na bağlı olarak avukatlık yapmaya başladı. Daha sonra Topo Hukuk Bürosu’nu kurarak çalışmalarını bu büro bünyesinde sürdürdü.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.serdarhantopo.com.tr/topo-hukuk-burosu-hakkinda/topo-hukuk-burosu/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kariyeri ==

Topo, özellikle bilişim hukuku, internet hukuku ve sosyal medya üzerinden işlenen suçlar alanlarında çalışmaktadır. İnternet dolandırıcılığı, sosyal medya üzerinden şantaj, kişisel verilerin hukuka aykırı kullanımı ve çevrim içi suçlar gibi konular hakkında hukuki değerlendirmeler yapmıştır.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.avukatbakisi.com/avukat-serdarhan-topo/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Medyada yer alması ==

Serdarhan Topo, internet güvenliği ve bilişim suçları hakkında çeşitli medya kuruluşlarına açıklamalarda bulunmuştur.

Bir haber röportajında internet üzerinden gerçekleştirilen cinsel içerikli şantaj yöntemlerine dikkat çekmiş ve sosyal medya üzerinden kurulan tuzakların mağdurları maddi ve psikolojik zarara uğratabileceğini ifade etmiştir.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.gundemkibris.com/internetteki-soyunan-kadinlara-dikkat&lt;/ref&gt;

== Radyo ve internet yayınları ==

Topo, bilişim hukuku ve internet suçları hakkında çeşitli radyo ve internet yayınlarında konuşmacı olarak yer almıştır.

* TRT Radyo programında bilişim suçları hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunmuştur. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQ9iVm-leUQ&lt;/ref&gt;

* Bir internet söyleşisinde internetten haber kaldırma ve içerik kaldırma süreçlerinin hukuki şartlarını anlatmıştır. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bah6RGvg1lo&lt;/ref&gt;

== Uzmanlık alanları ==

* Bilişim hukuku
* İnternet hukuku
* Ceza hukuku
* Aile hukuku
* E-ticaret hukuku

== Kaynakça ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Turkish lawyers]]
[[Category:Istanbul University Faculty of Law alumni]]
[[Category:People from Istanbul]]</text>
      <sha1>jjhnj1sk6meloy3upd8s7ncfocjgxz5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121946</id>
      <parentid>121932</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T20:36:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jake Wartenberg</username>
        <id>25806</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>{{db}}</comment>
      <origin>121946</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6" sha1="92iur1tzx6wx60knwgcqvsdr8bz6wnj" xml:space="preserve">{{db}}</text>
      <sha1>92iur1tzx6wx60knwgcqvsdr8bz6wnj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Çolak Holding</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34081</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121947</id>
      <parentid>121864</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T20:45:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-20604-98</username>
        <id>25805</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121947</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4121" sha1="ptl6klarlas3o1k7pomuq877josebi5" xml:space="preserve">= Çolak Holding A.Ş. =
'''ÇOLAK HOLDİNG ANONİM ŞİRKETİ ([[Soyut Wind|SOYUT GROUP]])''', 1974 yılında makine mühendisi [[Hasan Çolak]] tarafından mühendislik ve makine üretimi alanlarında faaliyet göstermek üzere temelleri atılan bir holding şirketidir. Ankara/Türkiye merkezli olan şirket, üretim, mühendislik, inşaat, enerji, finans ve dış ticaret gibi çeşitli sektörlerde faaliyet göstermektedir.
{|
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |[[File:Colak holding logo calimasi.png|center|thumb|284x284px]]
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |[[File:Soyutwind logo caslimasi.jpg|center|thumb]]
|}

== Tarihçe ==
[[Çolak Holding]]’in temelleri, 1974 yılında [[Hasan Çolak]] tarafından mühendislik ve makine üretimi alanlarında hizmet vermek amacıyla atılmıştır. Kuruluşundan itibaren şirket, faaliyet alanlarını genişleterek çok sektörlü bir yapı kazanmıştır. Zaman içerisinde holding yapısına geçilmiş ve farklı alanlarda faaliyet gösteren iştirak şirketleri kurulmuştur. 2001 yılından beri holdingin CEO’su Dr. [[Ali Çolak]]’tır.

== Faaliyet Alanları ==
Çolak Holding ve bağlı şirketleri aşağıdaki alanlarda faaliyet göstermektedir:

·       Üretim ve mühendislik

·       İnşaat ve taahhüt

·       Enerji

·       Finans

·       Dış ticaret

Holding bünyesindeki şirketler, Türkiye’nin yanı sıra başta Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Fransa, İngiltere, Afrika ülkeleri ve Türki Cumhuriyetler olmak üzere birçok farklı uluslararası pazarda çeşitli projeler yürütmektedir. &lt;ref&gt;Detaylı bilgi https://www.soyut.com adresinde yer almaktadır.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Grup Şirketleri ==
Holdingin ana şirketlerinden biri olan '''Soyut Wind Rüzgar Türbinleri Üretim Mühendislik Enerji İnşaat A.Ş.''', üretim ve mühendislik faaliyetlerinin önemli bir bölümünü yürütmektedir. Şirket, rüzgar türbini üretimi başta olmak üzere farklı sanayi ve enerji projelerinde faaliyet göstermektedir.
{|
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |[[File:Soyutwind logo caslimasi.jpg|center|thumb]]
|}


Holding, 1992 yılından beri merkezi New York’ta (ABD) bulunan dünyanın 91 ülkesinde ve 324 şehrinde faaliyet gösteren Dünya Ticaret Merkezleri Birliği’nin (World Trade Centers Association) Ankara/Türkiye’deki lisans sahibidir. '''World Trade Center Ankara''' uluslararası yatırım ve dış ticaret alanlarında profesyonel hizmetler vermektedir. &lt;ref&gt;Daha detaylı bilgi https://www.wtcankara.org.tr adresinden alınabilir.&lt;/ref&gt;  
{|
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |[[File:World_trede_center_ankara_logo_calimsasi.jpg|center|thumb]]
|}
Holding bünyesindeki Bordo Girişim Sermayesi Yatırım A.Ş. girişim sermayesi ve özel sermaye satırımları alanında faaliyet göstermektedir. &lt;ref&gt;Detaylı bilgi https://www.bordocapital.com adresinden alınabilir.  &lt;/ref&gt;
{|
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |[[File:Bordo capital logo caslimasi.png |center|thumb]]
|}
Holding iştiraklerinden Soyut Karavan Üretim Mühendislik İnşaat A.Ş. karavan, motokaravan, treyler, konteyner, mobil ev üretimi yapmaktadır.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.soyutkaravan.com adresinden bilgi alınabilir.&lt;/ref&gt; 
{|
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |[[File:Soyut karavan logo calimasi.jpg  |center|thumb]]
|}
== Projeler ve Ürünler ==
Grup şirketlerinin faaliyet alanları kapsamında yürüttüğü başlıca projeler ve üretimler şunlardır:

·       Rüzgar türbini tasarımı ve üretimi

·       Kırma-eleme tesisleri

·       Bant konveyör sistemleri

·       Çelik boru ve çelik silo üretimi

·       LPG tankları ve çelik konstrüksiyon sistemleri

·       Treyler, konteyner ve karavan üretimi

·       Enerji projeleri (rüzgar, hidroelektrik ve termik santraller)

·       Altyapı ve üstyapı projeleri (yol, köprü, liman, bina ve endüstriyel tesisler)

== Ar-Ge ve Yatırımlar ==
Çolak Holding, rüzgar türbini ve karavan, konteyner üretimlerini 2 ayrı fabrikada sürdürmektedir, Cleantech alanında ar-ge faaliyetleri yürütmektedir. Holding ayrıca girişim sermayesi ve özel finansman modelleriyle uluslararası yatırımlar yapmaktadır.
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ptl6klarlas3o1k7pomuq877josebi5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ali Çolak</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34082</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121944</id>
      <parentid>121867</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T19:50:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-20604-98</username>
        <id>25805</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121944</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2761" sha1="gtm1p14tq0mfcbj5ccpqb5fqw2xpkwu" xml:space="preserve">== '''Dr. Ali Çolak''' ==
Dr. Ali Çolak (d. 24 Nisan 1979, Ankara/Türkiye), Türk iş insanı, yatırımcı ve akademisyendir. Rüzgâr enerjisi ile girişim sermayesi ve özel sermaye alanlarında çalışmalarıyla tanınmaktadır. Türkiye’de ve yurtdışında bu alanlarda çok sayıda konferans ve eğitim vermiştir. Evli ve iki çocuk babasıdır.

=== '''Eğitim''' ===
Çolak, lisans eğitimini Bilkent Üniversitesi Ekonomi Bölümü'nde tamamladı. Ardından Gazi Üniversitesi'nde Maliye Bölümü’nde yüksek lisans yaptı. Doktora derecesini ise Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi İşletme Bölümü'nden aldı. Doktora tezinde Risk Sermayesi Yatırım Ortaklığı modelini ve bunun rüzgâr enerjisi sektöründeki uygulamalarını inceledi.

''Sermaye Piyasası Faaliyetleri Düzey 3 (İleri Düzey) lisansına sahiptir.'' 

=== '''Kariyeri''' ===
2001 yılından itibaren Çolak Holding ve iştirak şirketlerinde görev alan Çolak, enerji, yatırım ve uluslararası ticaret alanlarında çeşitli yöneticilik pozisyonlarında bulundu. Türkiye’de ve yurtdışında toplam 1000 MW’ın üzerinde rüzgâr, hidroelektrik ve güneş enerjisi projesinin geliştirilmesinde rol aldı.

Çolak hâlen '''Çolak Holding Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı''', '''World Trade Center Ankara Başkanı''', '''Bordo Capital Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı''', '''SoyutWind CEO’su''' ve '''Soyut Karavan CEO’su''' olarak görev yapmaktadır.

2016–2019 yılları arasında Gazi Üniversitesi’nde Finansal Yönetim, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, Girişimcilik ve Rekabet Edebilirlik dersleri vermiştir.

=== '''Yayınları''' ===
Çolak’ın çalışmaları ağırlıklı olarak girişim sermayesi, finansman modelleri ve yenilenebilir enerji alanlarında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Risk sermayesi ve rüzgâr enerjisi ilişkisini inceleyen akademik makalelerinin yanı sıra, bulanık mantık (fuzzy logic) ve yatırım karar modelleri üzerine de çeşitli akademik çalışmaları bulunmaktadır. Çeşitli ulusal akademik dergilerde yayımlanmış makaleleri mevcuttur.

=== '''Projeleri''' ===
Çolak, kariyeri boyunca özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Fransa, Almanya, İngiltere ve Afrika ülkelerinde birçok farklı rüzgâr enerjisi ve girişim sermayesi projesinde aktif rol almıştır. Uluslararası enerji yatırımları ve finansman yapıları üzerine çalışmalar yürütmüştür.

==== '''Sivil toplum ve üyelikler''' ====
Galatasaray Spor Kulübü Kongre Üyesi, Lösemi Lenfoma Miyelom Derneği, Kavaklıdere Sosyal Kulübü Derneği, Bilkent Üniversitesi Mezunlar Derneği, Amerikan Şirketler Derneği ve World Trade Center Association üyesidir.

==== '''İlgi alanları''' ====
Tenis, basketbol ve kayak.</text>
      <sha1>gtm1p14tq0mfcbj5ccpqb5fqw2xpkwu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121945</id>
      <parentid>121944</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T20:25:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-20604-98</username>
        <id>25805</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121945</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3928" sha1="iigdjmr4kze90pelk0auox22k46bf5u" xml:space="preserve">== '''Dr. Ali Çolak''' ==
Dr. Ali Çolak (d. 24 Nisan 1979, Ankara/Türkiye), Türk iş insanı, yatırımcı ve akademisyendir. Rüzgâr enerjisi ile girişim sermayesi ve özel sermaye alanlarında çalışmalarıyla tanınmaktadır. &lt;ref&gt;''World Trade Centers Association (WTCA):'' [https://www.wtca.org/users/310-ali-colak-phd Ali Colak PhD - Official Profile]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi:'' &quot;Risk Sermayesi Yatırım Ortaklığı Modeli ve Türkiye’deki Rüzgar Enerjisi Sektörü İçin Bir Model Önerisi&quot; (Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi).&lt;/ref&gt; Türkiye’de ve yurtdışında bu alanlarda çok sayıda konferans ve eğitim vermiştir. Evli ve iki çocuk babasıdır.

=== '''Eğitim''' ===
Çolak, lisans eğitimini Bilkent Üniversitesi Ekonomi Bölümü'nde tamamladı. Ardından Gazi Üniversitesi'nde Maliye Bölümü’nde yüksek lisans yaptı. Doktora derecesini ise Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi İşletme Bölümü'nden aldı. Doktora tezinde Risk Sermayesi Yatırım Ortaklığı modelini ve bunun rüzgâr enerjisi sektöründeki uygulamalarını inceledi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;''Dünya Gazetesi:'' [https://www.dunya.com/sektorler/ruzgar-turbini-ureticisi-soyutwindin-hedef-pazari-abd-haberi-769905 &quot;Rüzgar türbini üreticisi SoyutWind'in hedef pazarı ABD&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;

''Sermaye Piyasası Faaliyetleri Düzey 3 (İleri Düzey) lisansına sahiptir.'' 

=== '''Kariyeri''' ===
2001 yılından itibaren Çolak Holding ve iştirak şirketlerinde görev alan Çolak, enerji, yatırım ve uluslararası ticaret alanlarında çeşitli yöneticilik pozisyonlarında bulundu. Türkiye’de ve yurtdışında toplam 1000 MW’ın üzerinde rüzgâr, hidroelektrik ve güneş enerjisi projesinin geliştirilmesinde rol aldı. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Fortune Turkey: [https://www.fortuneturkey.com/turkiyenin-ilk-yerli-ruzgar-turbini-ureticisi-soyutwind-yapay-zeka-destekli-online-satislara-basladi &quot;SoyutWind Yapay Zeka Destekli Online Satışlara Başladı&quot;]''&lt;/ref&gt;

Çolak hâlen '''Çolak Holding Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Yönetim Kurulu Başkanımız Ali Çolak, Nişantaşı Nuri Akın Anadolu Lisesi’nde genç bilim insanı adaylarıyla buluştu. MEB projesi kapsamında düzenlenen Liselerde Bilim Uygulamaları...&quot; https://www.instagram.com/p/C3XgonqNrze/&lt;/ref&gt;, '''World Trade Center Ankara Başkanı''', '''Bordo Capital Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı'''&lt;ref&gt;''Bordo Capital Kurumsal Sayfası:'' [[google:https://bordocapital.com.tr|Yönetim Kurulu Yapısı]]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''SoyutWind CEO’su''' ve '''Soyut Karavan CEO’su''' olarak görev yapmaktadır.

2016–2019 yılları arasında Gazi Üniversitesi’nde Finansal Yönetim, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, Girişimcilik ve Rekabet Edebilirlik dersleri vermiştir.

=== '''Yayınları''' ===
Çolak’ın çalışmaları ağırlıklı olarak girişim sermayesi, finansman modelleri ve yenilenebilir enerji alanlarında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Risk sermayesi ve rüzgâr enerjisi ilişkisini inceleyen akademik makalelerinin yanı sıra, bulanık mantık (fuzzy logic) ve yatırım karar modelleri üzerine de çeşitli akademik çalışmaları bulunmaktadır. Çeşitli ulusal akademik dergilerde yayımlanmış makaleleri mevcuttur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== '''Projeleri''' ===
Çolak, kariyeri boyunca özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Fransa, Almanya, İngiltere ve Afrika ülkelerinde birçok farklı rüzgâr enerjisi ve girişim sermayesi projesinde aktif rol almıştır. Uluslararası enerji yatırımları ve finansman yapıları üzerine çalışmalar yürütmüştür.

==== '''Sivil toplum ve üyelikler''' ====
Galatasaray Spor Kulübü Kongre Üyesi, Lösemi Lenfoma Miyelom Derneği, Kavaklıdere Sosyal Kulübü Derneği, Bilkent Üniversitesi Mezunlar Derneği, Amerikan Şirketler Derneği ve World Trade Center Association üyesidir.

==== '''İlgi alanları''' ====
Tenis, basketbol ve kayak.</text>
      <sha1>iigdjmr4kze90pelk0auox22k46bf5u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121948</id>
      <parentid>121945</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T20:48:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-20604-98</username>
        <id>25805</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121948</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3984" sha1="hfqepqwdh34froy124oe1ek6stkqj1m" xml:space="preserve">== '''Dr. Ali Çolak''' ==
Dr. Ali Çolak (d. 24 Nisan 1979, Ankara/Türkiye), Türk iş insanı, yatırımcı ve akademisyendir. Rüzgâr enerjisi ile girişim sermayesi ve özel sermaye alanlarında çalışmalarıyla tanınmaktadır. &lt;ref&gt;''World Trade Centers Association (WTCA):'' [https://www.wtca.org/users/310-ali-colak-phd Ali Colak PhD - Official Profile]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi:'' &quot;Risk Sermayesi Yatırım Ortaklığı Modeli ve Türkiye’deki Rüzgar Enerjisi Sektörü İçin Bir Model Önerisi&quot; (Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi).&lt;/ref&gt; Türkiye’de ve yurtdışında bu alanlarda çok sayıda konferans ve eğitim vermiştir. Evli ve iki çocuk babasıdır.

=== '''Eğitim''' ===
Çolak, lisans eğitimini Bilkent Üniversitesi Ekonomi Bölümü'nde tamamladı. Ardından [[Gazi Üniversitesi]]'nde Maliye Bölümü’nde yüksek lisans yaptı. Doktora derecesini ise [[Ankara Üniversitesi]] [[Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi]] [[İşletme Bölümü]]'nden aldı. Doktora tezinde Risk Sermayesi Yatırım Ortaklığı modelini ve bunun rüzgâr enerjisi sektöründeki uygulamalarını inceledi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;''Dünya Gazetesi:'' [https://www.dunya.com/sektorler/ruzgar-turbini-ureticisi-soyutwindin-hedef-pazari-abd-haberi-769905 &quot;Rüzgar türbini üreticisi SoyutWind'in hedef pazarı ABD&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;

''Sermaye Piyasası Faaliyetleri Düzey 3 (İleri Düzey) lisansına sahiptir.'' 

=== '''Kariyeri''' ===
2001 yılından itibaren [[Çolak Holding]] ve iştirak şirketlerinde görev alan Çolak, enerji, yatırım ve uluslararası ticaret alanlarında çeşitli yöneticilik pozisyonlarında bulundu. Türkiye’de ve yurtdışında toplam 1000 MW’ın üzerinde rüzgâr, hidroelektrik ve güneş enerjisi projesinin geliştirilmesinde rol aldı. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Fortune Turkey: [https://www.fortuneturkey.com/turkiyenin-ilk-yerli-ruzgar-turbini-ureticisi-soyutwind-yapay-zeka-destekli-online-satislara-basladi &quot;SoyutWind Yapay Zeka Destekli Online Satışlara Başladı&quot;]''&lt;/ref&gt;

Çolak hâlen '''Çolak Holding Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Yönetim Kurulu Başkanımız Ali Çolak, Nişantaşı Nuri Akın Anadolu Lisesi’nde genç bilim insanı adaylarıyla buluştu. MEB projesi kapsamında düzenlenen Liselerde Bilim Uygulamaları...&quot; https://www.instagram.com/p/C3XgonqNrze/&lt;/ref&gt;, '''World Trade Center Ankara Başkanı''', '''Bordo Capital Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı'''&lt;ref&gt;''Bordo Capital Kurumsal Sayfası:'' [[google:https://bordocapital.com.tr|Yönetim Kurulu Yapısı]]&lt;/ref&gt;, '''[[Soyut Wind|SoyutWind]] CEO’su''' ve '''Soyut Karavan CEO’su''' olarak görev yapmaktadır.

2016–2019 yılları arasında Gazi Üniversitesi’nde Finansal Yönetim, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, Girişimcilik ve Rekabet Edebilirlik dersleri vermiştir.

=== '''Yayınları''' ===
Çolak’ın çalışmaları ağırlıklı olarak girişim sermayesi, finansman modelleri ve yenilenebilir enerji alanlarında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Risk sermayesi ve rüzgâr enerjisi ilişkisini inceleyen akademik makalelerinin yanı sıra, bulanık mantık (fuzzy logic) ve yatırım karar modelleri üzerine de çeşitli akademik çalışmaları bulunmaktadır. Çeşitli ulusal akademik dergilerde yayımlanmış makaleleri mevcuttur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== '''Projeleri''' ===
Çolak, kariyeri boyunca özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Fransa, Almanya, İngiltere ve Afrika ülkelerinde birçok farklı rüzgâr enerjisi ve girişim sermayesi projesinde aktif rol almıştır. Uluslararası enerji yatırımları ve finansman yapıları üzerine çalışmalar yürütmüştür.

==== '''Sivil toplum ve üyelikler''' ====
[[Galatasaray]] Spor Kulübü Kongre Üyesi, Lösemi Lenfoma Miyelom Derneği, Kavaklıdere Sosyal Kulübü Derneği, Bilkent Üniversitesi Mezunlar Derneği, Amerikan Şirketler Derneği ve World Trade Center Association üyesidir.

==== '''İlgi alanları''' ====
Tenis, basketbol ve kayak.

== Kaynakça ==</text>
      <sha1>hfqepqwdh34froy124oe1ek6stkqj1m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Khumalo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34090</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121922</id>
      <parentid>121911</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T13:01:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mzwandile Loyi-Naziri Ntshele</username>
        <id>20389</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added links</comment>
      <origin>121922</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="956" sha1="e2zqywkrfh5afwerwmnrgd045m6ttgq" xml:space="preserve">Igama elithi '''Khumalo''' liyisibongo sabantu abahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]], [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], nasezweni [[IZimbabwe|laseZimbabwe]] lapho abanye abafudukela khona.

==Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa, Mbulazi omnyama
Nina bakwaBheje seNgome
Nina enithi nidla nie niyenga umuntu ngendaba
Nina enadla izife ezimbili ikhambi laphuma lilinye
Lobengula kaMzilikazi
Mzilikazi kaMashoane, Shoabana noGasa kaZikode
Okhatshwe ngezinde izinyawo nagesimfushanyana
Umkhatshwa wawozimangele
Unyama yentini yawozimangele
Nina enala ukudla umlenze kwabulawayo
Nathi umlenze wankoni lo,
Ubungekho yini owezinkomo zakithi eNgome
Donda weziziba akangakanani ngoba nasothini lomkhonto uyahlala
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==Abantu abaziwayo== 
[[Mzilikazi Khumalo]]

[[Doctor Khumalo]]

[[Kelly Khumalo]]

[[Andile Khumalo]]

[[Sibongile Khumalo]]

[[Leleti Khumalo]]

[[Sibusiso Khumalo]]</text>
      <sha1>e2zqywkrfh5afwerwmnrgd045m6ttgq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121928</id>
      <parentid>121922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T14:22:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mzwandile Loyi-Naziri Ntshele</username>
        <id>20389</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added more information</comment>
      <origin>121928</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3192" sha1="q7vkb3h6ij0cd4zcslr1214nu380nnt" xml:space="preserve">Igama elithi '''Khumalo''' liyisibongo sabantu abahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]], [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], nasezweni [[IZimbabwe|laseZimbabwe]] lapho abanye abafudukela khona.

=Umlando=
Umuntu okuthiwa nguyena oyinzalabantu kwaKhumalo nguyena qobo uKhumalo ozalwa nguMntungwa kaMbulazi. UMntungwa noMbulazi iwona amagama agqame kakhulu ashiwo lapho kuthakazelwa khona abantu abakwaKhumalo nabakwaMabaso kuthiwa Mntungwa kaMbulazi noma Mntungwa-Mbulazi . Umlando uveza ukuthi uMabaso wabe engumfowabo kaKhumalo, bobabili bengamadodana kaMntungwa. 

Ngokwezigaba zabeNguni oKhumalo bangamaNtungwa. Akungabazeki ukuthi Kube khona inzalabantu yabo egama layo nguMntungwa. Njengawo wonke amaNguni angamaNtungwa nabo abakwaKhumalo badabuka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe enyakatho noThukela. Ngokukhethekile bona babakhe eBabanango nasezindaweni ezizungeze ngakhona mangenhla nomsuka womfula uMhlathuze. 

UKhumalo wazala uMkhatshwa owazala uZikode owazala uGasa, uMashobane noMagawozi ngolandelana kwabo. Ubukhosi bakwaKhumalo kulamadodana bahlukana ngokwezindlu. Yize uMashobana wayevela endlini encane ngenxa yokuthi indodana yakhe uMzilikazi yaba yiqhawe futhi Yaba nobudlelwano obukhulu neNgonyama uShaka, kwaba iyona ndlu echuna kakhulu lena kunezinye. 

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMashonane oKhumalo babenobudlelwano obukhulu nobukhosi bamaNdwandwe eNkosi uZwide. UMzilikazi kaMashonana imbala, wayezalwa ngoNompethu okuthiwa wabe eyindodakazi kaZwide, yize abanye osomlando bethi wayengudadewabo. Ngalokho-ke ikomalume likaMzilikazi kwabe kuyikwaNdwandwe, okuyilapho akhulela khona. 

INkosi uZwide yabe inomkhuba ongajwayelekile wokuthi ibulale amakhosi bese iwanquma amakhanda kuhlotshiswe ngawo ilawini likanima uNtombazi. Lomkhuba wave uvamise ukwenziwa ezitheni zakhe uZwide. Ngezizathu ezingaqondakali naye uMashobane bagcina sebembulele banquma ikhanda lakhe laya elawini likaNtombazi. Emva kwaleso senzo uMzilikazi wabaleka waya kowakha ubudlelwano nobukhosi bakwaZulu obabusaphenjwa ngaleso sikhathi buphenjwa yiNkosi uShaka, kwabe eseyisitha esikhulu sikaZwide, naye efuna ukuphisela ukufa kweNkosi uDingiswayo kaJobe owayebulewe ngiye belu uZwide.

Ngaleso ndlela uMzilikazi waba nelikhuli igalelo ekulekeleleni uShaka ukuthi anqobe uyisemkhulu wakhe uZwide owabe eseyisitha nakuye ngokubulala uyise. UMzilikazi waba ngenye yezikhulu zakwaZulu neLembe(uShaka) limkhonzile ngenxa yobuqhawe bakhe ....

==Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa, Mbulazi omnyama
Nina bakwaBheje seNgome
Nina enithi nidla nie niyenga umuntu ngendaba
Nina enadla izife ezimbili ikhambi laphuma lilinye
Lobengula kaMzilikazi
Mzilikazi kaMashoane, Shoabana noGasa kaZikode
Okhatshwe ngezinde izinyawo nagesimfushanyana
Umkhatshwa wawozimangele
Unyama yentini yawozimangele
Nina enala ukudla umlenze kwabulawayo
Nathi umlenze wankoni lo,
Ubungekho yini owezinkomo zakithi eNgome
Donda weziziba akangakanani ngoba nasothini lomkhonto uyahlala
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==Abantu abaziwayo== 
[[Mzilikazi Khumalo]]

[[Doctor Khumalo]]

[[Kelly Khumalo]]

[[Andile Khumalo]]

[[Sibongile Khumalo]]

[[Leleti Khumalo]]

[[Sibusiso Khumalo]]</text>
      <sha1>q7vkb3h6ij0cd4zcslr1214nu380nnt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121930</id>
      <parentid>121928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T14:28:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mzwandile Loyi-Naziri Ntshele</username>
        <id>20389</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed errors and added some links.</comment>
      <origin>121930</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3327" sha1="aol6xd5bg0stw0lwbu3u08pbnjts6pf" xml:space="preserve">Igama elithi '''Khumalo''' liyisibongo sabantu abahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]], [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], nasezweni [[IZimbabwe|laseZimbabwe]] lapho abanye abafudukela khona.

=Umlando=
Umuntu okuthiwa nguyena oyinzalabantu kwaKhumalo nguyena qobo uKhumalo ozalwa nguMntungwa kaMbulazi. UMntungwa noMbulazi iwona amagama agqame kakhulu ashiwo lapho kuthakazelwa khona abantu abakwaKhumalo [[Mabaso|nabakwaMabaso]] kuthiwa Mntungwa kaMbulazi noma Mntungwa-Mbulazi . Umlando uveza ukuthi uMabaso wabe engumfowabo kaKhumalo, bobabili bengamadodana kaMntungwa. 

Ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]] oKhumalo [[AmaNtungwa-Nguni|bangamaNtungwa]]. Akungabazeki ukuthi Kube khona inzalabantu yabo egama layo linguMntungwa. Njengawo wonke amaNguni angamaNtungwa nabo abakwaKhumalo badabuka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe enyakatho noThukela. Ngokukhethekile bona babakhe eBabanango nasezindaweni ezizungeze ngakhona mangenhla nomsuka womfula uMhlathuze. 

UKhumalo wazala uMkhatshwa owazala uZikode owazala uGasa, uMashobane noMagawozi ngokulandelana kwabo. Ubukhosi bakwaKhumalo kulamadodana bahlukana ngokwezindlu. Yize uMashobana wayevela endlini encane ngenxa yokuthi indodana yakhe [[UMzilikazi kaMashonane|uMzilikazi]] yaba yiqhawe futhi Yaba nobudlelwano obukhulu [[Ushaka|neNgonyama uShaka]], kwaba iyona ndlu echuna kakhulu lena kunezinye. 

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMashonane oKhumalo babenobudlelwano obukhulu nobukhosi [[AmaNdwandwe|bamaNdwandwe]] eNkosi [[UZwide kaLanga|uZwide]]. UMzilikazi kaMashonane uqobo wayezalwa ngoNompethu okuthiwa wabe eyindodakazi kaZwide, yize abanye osomlando bethi wayengudadewabo. Ngalokho-ke ikomalume likaMzilikazi kwabe kuyikwaNdwandwe, okuyilapho akhulela khona. 

INkosi uZwide yabe inomkhuba ongajwayelekile wokuthi ibulale amakhosi bese iwanquma amakhanda kuhlotshiswe ngawo ilawini likanima uNtombazi. Lomkhuba wave uvamise ukwenziwa ezitheni zakhe uZwide. Ngezizathu ezingaqondakali naye uMashobane bagcina sebembulele banquma ikhanda lakhe laya elawini likaNtombazi. Emva kwaleso senzo uMzilikazi wabaleka waya kowakha ubudlelwano nobukhosi bakwaZulu obabusaphenjwa ngaleso sikhathi buphenjwa yiNkosi uShaka, kwabe eseyisitha esikhulu sikaZwide, naye efuna ukuphisela ukufa kweNkosi [[Dingiswayo|uDingiswayo kaJobe]] owayebulewe ngiye belu uZwide.

Ngaleso ndlela uMzilikazi waba nelikhuli igalelo ekulekeleleni uShaka ukuthi anqobe uyisemkhulu wakhe uZwide owabe eseyisitha nakuye ngokubulala uyise. UMzilikazi waba ngenye yezikhulu zakwaZulu neLembe(uShaka) limkhonzile ngenxa yobuqhawe bakhe ....

==Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa, Mbulazi omnyama
Nina bakwaBheje seNgome
Nina enithi nidla nie niyenga umuntu ngendaba
Nina enadla izife ezimbili ikhambi laphuma lilinye
Lobengula kaMzilikazi
Mzilikazi kaMashoane, Shoabana noGasa kaZikode
Okhatshwe ngezinde izinyawo nagesimfushanyana
Umkhatshwa wawozimangele
Unyama yentini yawozimangele
Nina enala ukudla umlenze kwabulawayo
Nathi umlenze wankoni lo,
Ubungekho yini owezinkomo zakithi eNgome
Donda weziziba akangakanani ngoba nasothini lomkhonto uyahlala
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==Abantu abaziwayo== 
[[Mzilikazi Khumalo]]

[[Doctor Khumalo]]

[[Kelly Khumalo]]

[[Andile Khumalo]]

[[Sibongile Khumalo]]

[[Leleti Khumalo]]

[[Sibusiso Khumalo]]</text>
      <sha1>aol6xd5bg0stw0lwbu3u08pbnjts6pf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121968</id>
      <parentid>121930</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T07:41:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121968</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3940" sha1="oqmm4t76bwsbkemx7kxwi0a24dsggzu" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KHUMALO.png|thumb|Elithi Khumalo nelithi Mntungwa abhalwe ngesiBheqe soHlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Khumalo''' liyisibongo sabantu abahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]], [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], nasezweni [[IZimbabwe|laseZimbabwe]] lapho abanye abafudukela khona.

=Umlando=
Umuntu okuthiwa nguyena oyinzalabantu kwaKhumalo nguyena qobo uKhumalo ozalwa nguMntungwa kaMbulazi. UMntungwa noMbulazi iwona amagama agqame kakhulu ashiwo lapho kuthakazelwa khona abantu abakwaKhumalo [[Mabaso|nabakwaMabaso]] kuthiwa Mntungwa kaMbulazi noma Mntungwa-Mbulazi . Umlando uveza ukuthi uMabaso wabe engumfowabo kaKhumalo, bobabili bengamadodana kaMntungwa. 

Ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]] oKhumalo [[AmaNtungwa-Nguni|bangamaNtungwa]]. Akungabazeki ukuthi Kube khona inzalabantu yabo egama layo linguMntungwa. Njengawo wonke amaNguni angamaNtungwa nabo abakwaKhumalo badabuka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe enyakatho noThukela. Ngokukhethekile bona babakhe eBabanango nasezindaweni ezizungeze ngakhona mangenhla nomsuka womfula uMhlathuze. 

UKhumalo wazala uMkhatshwa owazala uZikode owazala uGasa, uMashobane noMagawozi ngokulandelana kwabo. Ubukhosi bakwaKhumalo kulamadodana bahlukana ngokwezindlu. Yize uMashobana wayevela endlini encane ngenxa yokuthi indodana yakhe [[UMzilikazi kaMashonane|uMzilikazi]] yaba yiqhawe futhi Yaba nobudlelwano obukhulu [[Ushaka|neNgonyama uShaka]], kwaba iyona ndlu echuna kakhulu lena kunezinye. 

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMashonane oKhumalo babenobudlelwano obukhulu nobukhosi [[AmaNdwandwe|bamaNdwandwe]] eNkosi [[UZwide kaLanga|uZwide]]. UMzilikazi kaMashonane uqobo wayezalwa ngoNompethu okuthiwa wabe eyindodakazi kaZwide, yize abanye osomlando bethi wayengudadewabo. Ngalokho-ke ikomalume likaMzilikazi kwabe kuyikwaNdwandwe, okuyilapho akhulela khona. 

INkosi uZwide yabe inomkhuba ongajwayelekile wokuthi ibulale amakhosi bese iwanquma amakhanda kuhlotshiswe ngawo ilawini likanima uNtombazi. Lomkhuba wave uvamise ukwenziwa ezitheni zakhe uZwide. Ngezizathu ezingaqondakali naye uMashobane bagcina sebembulele banquma ikhanda lakhe laya elawini likaNtombazi. Emva kwaleso senzo uMzilikazi wabaleka waya kowakha ubudlelwano nobukhosi bakwaZulu obabusaphenjwa ngaleso sikhathi buphenjwa yiNkosi uShaka, kwabe eseyisitha esikhulu sikaZwide, naye efuna ukuphisela ukufa kweNkosi [[Dingiswayo|uDingiswayo kaJobe]] owayebulewe ngiye belu uZwide.

Ngaleso ndlela uMzilikazi waba nelikhuli igalelo ekulekeleleni uShaka ukuthi anqobe uyisemkhulu wakhe uZwide owabe eseyisitha nakuye ngokubulala uyise. UMzilikazi waba ngenye yezikhulu zakwaZulu neLembe(uShaka) limkhonzile ngenxa yobuqhawe bakhe ....

==Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa, 
Mbulaziomnyama, 
Nina bakaBheje eseNgome, 
Nin' enadl'umuntu nimyenga ngendaba, 
Nin' enadl' izimfe ezimbili ikhambi laphuma lilinye, 
Lobengula kaMzilikazi, 
Mzilikazi kaMashobana, 
Shobana noGasa kaZikode, 
Zikode kaMkhatshwa, 
Okhatshwe ngezinde izinyawo nangezimfushanyana, 
UMkhatshwa wawoZimangele, 
UNyama yentini yawoZimangele 
Mabaso owabasa entabeni kwadliwa ilanga lishona, 
BaNtungwa abancwaba, 
Zindlovu ezibantu, 
Zindlovu ezimacocombela, 
Nina abakwaMawela owawela iZambezi ngezikhali, 
Nina abakwaNkomo zavula inqaba, 
Zavula inqaba ngezimpondo kwelaseNgome zahamba, 
Nina enalukudla umlenze kwaBulawayo, 
Mantungwa Aluhlaza, 
Mantungwa Amahle, 
Bantwana benkosi, 
Nina abakwaNtokela, 
Inkubele abayihlabe ngamanxeba, 
Abakhule ngezinyawo ezimfishanyana nezimaqhukulwana, 
Inyanga abathe bethi ifile uZulu kanti isiyetheswe, 
Yetheswe ngoNyakana kaMpeyana, 
UBando abalubande balushiya uZulu, 
UNtshwintshwintshwi kaNoyanda noNdaba, 
UNkone evele ngobuso emdibini, 
Maqhawe amakhulu
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==Abantu abaziwayo== 
[[Mzilikazi Khumalo]]

[[Doctor Khumalo]]

[[Kelly Khumalo]]

[[Andile Khumalo]]

[[Sibongile Khumalo]]

[[Leleti Khumalo]]

[[Sibusiso Khumalo]]</text>
      <sha1>oqmm4t76bwsbkemx7kxwi0a24dsggzu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121969</id>
      <parentid>121968</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T07:51:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121969</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4022" sha1="k014nbxcbzy5z8fcfazs8eurkpmyq0s" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KHUMALO.png|thumb|Elithi Khumalo nelithi Mntungwa abhalwe ngesiBheqe soHlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Khumalo''' liyisibongo sabantu abahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]], [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], nasezweni [[IZimbabwe|laseZimbabwe]] lapho abanye abafudukela khona. Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo zona zisikisela ukuthi bavela ngenhla komfula iZambezi.

=Umlando=
Umuntu okuthiwa nguyena oyinzalabantu kwaKhumalo nguyena qobo uKhumalo ozalwa nguMntungwa kaMbulazi. UMntungwa noMbulazi iwona amagama agqame kakhulu ashiwo lapho kuthakazelwa khona abantu abakwaKhumalo [[Mabaso|nabakwaMabaso]] kuthiwa Mntungwa kaMbulazi noma Mntungwa-Mbulazi . Umlando uveza ukuthi uMabaso wabe engumfowabo kaKhumalo, bobabili bengamadodana kaMntungwa. 

Ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]] oKhumalo [[AmaNtungwa-Nguni|bangamaNtungwa]]. Akungabazeki ukuthi Kube khona inzalabantu yabo egama layo linguMntungwa. Njengawo wonke amaNguni angamaNtungwa nabo abakwaKhumalo badabuka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe enyakatho noThukela. Ngokukhethekile bona babakhe eBabanango nasezindaweni ezizungeze ngakhona mangenhla nomsuka womfula uMhlathuze. 

UKhumalo wazala uMkhatshwa owazala uZikode owazala uGasa, uMashobane noMagawozi ngokulandelana kwabo. Ubukhosi bakwaKhumalo kulamadodana bahlukana ngokwezindlu. Yize uMashobana wayevela endlini encane ngenxa yokuthi indodana yakhe [[UMzilikazi kaMashonane|uMzilikazi]] yaba yiqhawe futhi Yaba nobudlelwano obukhulu [[Ushaka|neNgonyama uShaka]], kwaba iyona ndlu echuna kakhulu lena kunezinye. 

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMashonane oKhumalo babenobudlelwano obukhulu nobukhosi [[AmaNdwandwe|bamaNdwandwe]] eNkosi [[UZwide kaLanga|uZwide]]. UMzilikazi kaMashonane uqobo wayezalwa ngoNompethu okuthiwa wabe eyindodakazi kaZwide, yize abanye osomlando bethi wayengudadewabo. Ngalokho-ke ikomalume likaMzilikazi kwabe kuyikwaNdwandwe, okuyilapho akhulela khona. 

INkosi uZwide yabe inomkhuba ongajwayelekile wokuthi ibulale amakhosi bese iwanquma amakhanda kuhlotshiswe ngawo ilawini likanima uNtombazi. Lomkhuba wave uvamise ukwenziwa ezitheni zakhe uZwide. Ngezizathu ezingaqondakali naye uMashobane bagcina sebembulele banquma ikhanda lakhe laya elawini likaNtombazi. Emva kwaleso senzo uMzilikazi wabaleka waya kowakha ubudlelwano nobukhosi bakwaZulu obabusaphenjwa ngaleso sikhathi buphenjwa yiNkosi uShaka, kwabe eseyisitha esikhulu sikaZwide, naye efuna ukuphisela ukufa kweNkosi [[Dingiswayo|uDingiswayo kaJobe]] owayebulewe ngiye belu uZwide.

Ngaleso ndlela uMzilikazi waba nelikhuli igalelo ekulekeleleni uShaka ukuthi anqobe uyisemkhulu wakhe uZwide owabe eseyisitha nakuye ngokubulala uyise. UMzilikazi waba ngenye yezikhulu zakwaZulu neLembe(uShaka) limkhonzile ngenxa yobuqhawe bakhe ....

==Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa, 
Mbulaziomnyama, 
Nina bakaBheje eseNgome, 
Nin' enadl'umuntu nimyenga ngendaba, 
Nin' enadl' izimfe ezimbili ikhambi laphuma lilinye, 
Lobengula kaMzilikazi, 
Mzilikazi kaMashobana, 
Shobana noGasa kaZikode, 
Zikode kaMkhatshwa, 
Okhatshwe ngezinde izinyawo nangezimfushanyana, 
UMkhatshwa wawoZimangele, 
UNyama yentini yawoZimangele 
Mabaso owabasa entabeni kwadliwa ilanga lishona, 
BaNtungwa abancwaba, 
Zindlovu ezibantu, 
Zindlovu ezimacocombela, 
Nina abakwaMawela owawela iZambezi ngezikhali, 
Nina abakwaNkomo zavula inqaba, 
Zavula inqaba ngezimpondo kwelaseNgome zahamba, 
Nina enalukudla umlenze kwaBulawayo, 
Mantungwa Aluhlaza, 
Mantungwa Amahle, 
Bantwana benkosi, 
Nina abakwaNtokela, 
Inkubele abayihlabe ngamanxeba, 
Abakhule ngezinyawo ezimfishanyana nezimaqhukulwana, 
Inyanga abathe bethi ifile uZulu kanti isiyetheswe, 
Yetheswe ngoNyakana kaMpeyana, 
UBando abalubande balushiya uZulu, 
UNtshwintshwintshwi kaNoyanda noNdaba, 
UNkone evele ngobuso emdibini, 
Maqhawe amakhulu
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==Abantu abaziwayo== 
[[Mzilikazi Khumalo]]

[[Doctor Khumalo]]

[[Kelly Khumalo]]

[[Andile Khumalo]]

[[Sibongile Khumalo]]

[[Leleti Khumalo]]

[[Sibusiso Khumalo]]</text>
      <sha1>k014nbxcbzy5z8fcfazs8eurkpmyq0s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121970</id>
      <parentid>121969</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T07:55:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Abantu abaziwayo */</comment>
      <origin>121970</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4285" sha1="biftyn9k983elyfibg69ivk9jat1cm8" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KHUMALO.png|thumb|Elithi Khumalo nelithi Mntungwa abhalwe ngesiBheqe soHlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Khumalo''' liyisibongo sabantu abahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]], [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], nasezweni [[IZimbabwe|laseZimbabwe]] lapho abanye abafudukela khona. Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo zona zisikisela ukuthi bavela ngenhla komfula iZambezi.

=Umlando=
Umuntu okuthiwa nguyena oyinzalabantu kwaKhumalo nguyena qobo uKhumalo ozalwa nguMntungwa kaMbulazi. UMntungwa noMbulazi iwona amagama agqame kakhulu ashiwo lapho kuthakazelwa khona abantu abakwaKhumalo [[Mabaso|nabakwaMabaso]] kuthiwa Mntungwa kaMbulazi noma Mntungwa-Mbulazi . Umlando uveza ukuthi uMabaso wabe engumfowabo kaKhumalo, bobabili bengamadodana kaMntungwa. 

Ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]] oKhumalo [[AmaNtungwa-Nguni|bangamaNtungwa]]. Akungabazeki ukuthi Kube khona inzalabantu yabo egama layo linguMntungwa. Njengawo wonke amaNguni angamaNtungwa nabo abakwaKhumalo badabuka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe enyakatho noThukela. Ngokukhethekile bona babakhe eBabanango nasezindaweni ezizungeze ngakhona mangenhla nomsuka womfula uMhlathuze. 

UKhumalo wazala uMkhatshwa owazala uZikode owazala uGasa, uMashobane noMagawozi ngokulandelana kwabo. Ubukhosi bakwaKhumalo kulamadodana bahlukana ngokwezindlu. Yize uMashobana wayevela endlini encane ngenxa yokuthi indodana yakhe [[UMzilikazi kaMashonane|uMzilikazi]] yaba yiqhawe futhi Yaba nobudlelwano obukhulu [[Ushaka|neNgonyama uShaka]], kwaba iyona ndlu echuna kakhulu lena kunezinye. 

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMashonane oKhumalo babenobudlelwano obukhulu nobukhosi [[AmaNdwandwe|bamaNdwandwe]] eNkosi [[UZwide kaLanga|uZwide]]. UMzilikazi kaMashonane uqobo wayezalwa ngoNompethu okuthiwa wabe eyindodakazi kaZwide, yize abanye osomlando bethi wayengudadewabo. Ngalokho-ke ikomalume likaMzilikazi kwabe kuyikwaNdwandwe, okuyilapho akhulela khona. 

INkosi uZwide yabe inomkhuba ongajwayelekile wokuthi ibulale amakhosi bese iwanquma amakhanda kuhlotshiswe ngawo ilawini likanima uNtombazi. Lomkhuba wave uvamise ukwenziwa ezitheni zakhe uZwide. Ngezizathu ezingaqondakali naye uMashobane bagcina sebembulele banquma ikhanda lakhe laya elawini likaNtombazi. Emva kwaleso senzo uMzilikazi wabaleka waya kowakha ubudlelwano nobukhosi bakwaZulu obabusaphenjwa ngaleso sikhathi buphenjwa yiNkosi uShaka, kwabe eseyisitha esikhulu sikaZwide, naye efuna ukuphisela ukufa kweNkosi [[Dingiswayo|uDingiswayo kaJobe]] owayebulewe ngiye belu uZwide.

Ngaleso ndlela uMzilikazi waba nelikhuli igalelo ekulekeleleni uShaka ukuthi anqobe uyisemkhulu wakhe uZwide owabe eseyisitha nakuye ngokubulala uyise. UMzilikazi waba ngenye yezikhulu zakwaZulu neLembe(uShaka) limkhonzile ngenxa yobuqhawe bakhe ....

==Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa, 
Mbulaziomnyama, 
Nina bakaBheje eseNgome, 
Nin' enadl'umuntu nimyenga ngendaba, 
Nin' enadl' izimfe ezimbili ikhambi laphuma lilinye, 
Lobengula kaMzilikazi, 
Mzilikazi kaMashobana, 
Shobana noGasa kaZikode, 
Zikode kaMkhatshwa, 
Okhatshwe ngezinde izinyawo nangezimfushanyana, 
UMkhatshwa wawoZimangele, 
UNyama yentini yawoZimangele 
Mabaso owabasa entabeni kwadliwa ilanga lishona, 
BaNtungwa abancwaba, 
Zindlovu ezibantu, 
Zindlovu ezimacocombela, 
Nina abakwaMawela owawela iZambezi ngezikhali, 
Nina abakwaNkomo zavula inqaba, 
Zavula inqaba ngezimpondo kwelaseNgome zahamba, 
Nina enalukudla umlenze kwaBulawayo, 
Mantungwa Aluhlaza, 
Mantungwa Amahle, 
Bantwana benkosi, 
Nina abakwaNtokela, 
Inkubele abayihlabe ngamanxeba, 
Abakhule ngezinyawo ezimfishanyana nezimaqhukulwana, 
Inyanga abathe bethi ifile uZulu kanti isiyetheswe, 
Yetheswe ngoNyakana kaMpeyana, 
UBando abalubande balushiya uZulu, 
UNtshwintshwintshwi kaNoyanda noNdaba, 
UNkone evele ngobuso emdibini, 
Maqhawe amakhulu
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==Abantu abaziwayo== 
[[Mzilikazi Khumalo]]

[[Doctor Khumalo]] - wayengumdlali webhola owadlala eqenjini le-Kaizer Chiefs nakuBafana Bafana.

[[Kelly Khumalo]] - umculi odumile wezingoma zothando nowahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAMA

[[Andile Khumalo]] - 

[[Sibongile Khumalo]] - umculi odumile womculo we-Jazz nesishoshovu.

[[Leleti Khumalo]] - umlingisi odumile wezingqayi ezahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAFTA

[[Sibusiso Khumalo]] -</text>
      <sha1>biftyn9k983elyfibg69ivk9jat1cm8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121975</id>
      <parentid>121970</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T09:46:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121975</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4298" sha1="aqu96s0je6thuvbl2o0llr3w72h1glo" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KHUMALO.png|thumb|Elithi Khumalo nelithi Mntungwa abhalwe ngesiBheqe soHlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Khumalo''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] sabantu abahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]], [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], nasezweni [[IZimbabwe|laseZimbabwe]] lapho abanye abafudukela khona. Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo zona zisikisela ukuthi bavela ngenhla komfula iZambezi.

=Umlando=
Umuntu okuthiwa nguyena oyinzalabantu kwaKhumalo nguyena qobo uKhumalo ozalwa nguMntungwa kaMbulazi. UMntungwa noMbulazi iwona amagama agqame kakhulu ashiwo lapho kuthakazelwa khona abantu abakwaKhumalo [[Mabaso|nabakwaMabaso]] kuthiwa Mntungwa kaMbulazi noma Mntungwa-Mbulazi . Umlando uveza ukuthi uMabaso wabe engumfowabo kaKhumalo, bobabili bengamadodana kaMntungwa. 

Ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]] oKhumalo [[AmaNtungwa-Nguni|bangamaNtungwa]]. Akungabazeki ukuthi Kube khona inzalabantu yabo egama layo linguMntungwa. Njengawo wonke amaNguni angamaNtungwa nabo abakwaKhumalo badabuka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe enyakatho noThukela. Ngokukhethekile bona babakhe eBabanango nasezindaweni ezizungeze ngakhona mangenhla nomsuka womfula uMhlathuze. 

UKhumalo wazala uMkhatshwa owazala uZikode owazala uGasa, uMashobane noMagawozi ngokulandelana kwabo. Ubukhosi bakwaKhumalo kulamadodana bahlukana ngokwezindlu. Yize uMashobana wayevela endlini encane ngenxa yokuthi indodana yakhe [[UMzilikazi kaMashonane|uMzilikazi]] yaba yiqhawe futhi Yaba nobudlelwano obukhulu [[Ushaka|neNgonyama uShaka]], kwaba iyona ndlu echuna kakhulu lena kunezinye. 

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMashonane oKhumalo babenobudlelwano obukhulu nobukhosi [[AmaNdwandwe|bamaNdwandwe]] eNkosi [[UZwide kaLanga|uZwide]]. UMzilikazi kaMashonane uqobo wayezalwa ngoNompethu okuthiwa wabe eyindodakazi kaZwide, yize abanye osomlando bethi wayengudadewabo. Ngalokho-ke ikomalume likaMzilikazi kwabe kuyikwaNdwandwe, okuyilapho akhulela khona. 

INkosi uZwide yabe inomkhuba ongajwayelekile wokuthi ibulale amakhosi bese iwanquma amakhanda kuhlotshiswe ngawo ilawini likanima uNtombazi. Lomkhuba wave uvamise ukwenziwa ezitheni zakhe uZwide. Ngezizathu ezingaqondakali naye uMashobane bagcina sebembulele banquma ikhanda lakhe laya elawini likaNtombazi. Emva kwaleso senzo uMzilikazi wabaleka waya kowakha ubudlelwano nobukhosi bakwaZulu obabusaphenjwa ngaleso sikhathi buphenjwa yiNkosi uShaka, kwabe eseyisitha esikhulu sikaZwide, naye efuna ukuphisela ukufa kweNkosi [[Dingiswayo|uDingiswayo kaJobe]] owayebulewe ngiye belu uZwide.

Ngaleso ndlela uMzilikazi waba nelikhuli igalelo ekulekeleleni uShaka ukuthi anqobe uyisemkhulu wakhe uZwide owabe eseyisitha nakuye ngokubulala uyise. UMzilikazi waba ngenye yezikhulu zakwaZulu neLembe(uShaka) limkhonzile ngenxa yobuqhawe bakhe ....

==Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa, 
Mbulaziomnyama, 
Nina bakaBheje eseNgome, 
Nin' enadl'umuntu nimyenga ngendaba, 
Nin' enadl' izimfe ezimbili ikhambi laphuma lilinye, 
Lobengula kaMzilikazi, 
Mzilikazi kaMashobana, 
Shobana noGasa kaZikode, 
Zikode kaMkhatshwa, 
Okhatshwe ngezinde izinyawo nangezimfushanyana, 
UMkhatshwa wawoZimangele, 
UNyama yentini yawoZimangele 
Mabaso owabasa entabeni kwadliwa ilanga lishona, 
BaNtungwa abancwaba, 
Zindlovu ezibantu, 
Zindlovu ezimacocombela, 
Nina abakwaMawela owawela iZambezi ngezikhali, 
Nina abakwaNkomo zavula inqaba, 
Zavula inqaba ngezimpondo kwelaseNgome zahamba, 
Nina enalukudla umlenze kwaBulawayo, 
Mantungwa Aluhlaza, 
Mantungwa Amahle, 
Bantwana benkosi, 
Nina abakwaNtokela, 
Inkubele abayihlabe ngamanxeba, 
Abakhule ngezinyawo ezimfishanyana nezimaqhukulwana, 
Inyanga abathe bethi ifile uZulu kanti isiyetheswe, 
Yetheswe ngoNyakana kaMpeyana, 
UBando abalubande balushiya uZulu, 
UNtshwintshwintshwi kaNoyanda noNdaba, 
UNkone evele ngobuso emdibini, 
Maqhawe amakhulu
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==Abantu abaziwayo== 
[[Mzilikazi Khumalo]]

[[Doctor Khumalo]] - wayengumdlali webhola owadlala eqenjini le-Kaizer Chiefs nakuBafana Bafana.

[[Kelly Khumalo]] - umculi odumile wezingoma zothando nowahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAMA

[[Andile Khumalo]] - 

[[Sibongile Khumalo]] - umculi odumile womculo we-Jazz nesishoshovu.

[[Leleti Khumalo]] - umlingisi odumile wezingqayi ezahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAFTA

[[Sibusiso Khumalo]] -</text>
      <sha1>aqu96s0je6thuvbl2o0llr3w72h1glo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121976</id>
      <parentid>121975</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T09:58:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121976</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4628" sha1="3gg359n5hdh7o2vjauks5gcgxzxg4xj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KHUMALO.png|thumb|Elithi Khumalo nelithi Mntungwa abhalwe ngesiBheqe soHlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Khumalo''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] sabantu abahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]], [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], nasezweni [[IZimbabwe|laseZimbabwe]] lapho abanye abafudukela khona. Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo zona zisikisela ukuthi bavela ngenhla komfula iZambezi. Lesi sibongo siyingxenye yeqembu labantu abaziwa ngoMntungwa, ezinye izibongo eziyingxenye yaleli qembu zihlanganisa uBlose, uMabaso noZikode, abazinze phakathi kwamaNdwandwe noMthethwa. UMzilikazi noMbulazi bangabantu akwaKhumalo abaziwa kakhulu, futhi uMzilikazi uyena owasungula isizwe samaNdebele kaMthwakazi kwelaseZimbabwe.

=Umlando=
Umuntu okuthiwa nguyena oyinzalabantu kwaKhumalo nguyena qobo uKhumalo ozalwa nguMntungwa kaMbulazi. UMntungwa noMbulazi iwona amagama agqame kakhulu ashiwo lapho kuthakazelwa khona abantu abakwaKhumalo [[Mabaso|nabakwaMabaso]] kuthiwa Mntungwa kaMbulazi noma Mntungwa-Mbulazi . Umlando uveza ukuthi uMabaso wabe engumfowabo kaKhumalo, bobabili bengamadodana kaMntungwa. 

Ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]] oKhumalo [[AmaNtungwa-Nguni|bangamaNtungwa]]. Akungabazeki ukuthi Kube khona inzalabantu yabo egama layo linguMntungwa. Njengawo wonke amaNguni angamaNtungwa nabo abakwaKhumalo badabuka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe enyakatho noThukela. Ngokukhethekile bona babakhe eBabanango nasezindaweni ezizungeze ngakhona mangenhla nomsuka womfula uMhlathuze. 

UKhumalo wazala uMkhatshwa owazala uZikode owazala uGasa, uMashobane noMagawozi ngokulandelana kwabo. Ubukhosi bakwaKhumalo kulamadodana bahlukana ngokwezindlu. Yize uMashobana wayevela endlini encane ngenxa yokuthi indodana yakhe [[UMzilikazi kaMashonane|uMzilikazi]] yaba yiqhawe futhi Yaba nobudlelwano obukhulu [[Ushaka|neNgonyama uShaka]], kwaba iyona ndlu echuna kakhulu lena kunezinye. 

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMashonane oKhumalo babenobudlelwano obukhulu nobukhosi [[AmaNdwandwe|bamaNdwandwe]] eNkosi [[UZwide kaLanga|uZwide]]. UMzilikazi kaMashonane uqobo wayezalwa ngoNompethu okuthiwa wabe eyindodakazi kaZwide, yize abanye osomlando bethi wayengudadewabo. Ngalokho-ke ikomalume likaMzilikazi kwabe kuyikwaNdwandwe, okuyilapho akhulela khona. 

INkosi uZwide yabe inomkhuba ongajwayelekile wokuthi ibulale amakhosi bese iwanquma amakhanda kuhlotshiswe ngawo ilawini likanima uNtombazi. Lomkhuba wave uvamise ukwenziwa ezitheni zakhe uZwide. Ngezizathu ezingaqondakali naye uMashobane bagcina sebembulele banquma ikhanda lakhe laya elawini likaNtombazi. Emva kwaleso senzo uMzilikazi wabaleka waya kowakha ubudlelwano nobukhosi bakwaZulu obabusaphenjwa ngaleso sikhathi buphenjwa yiNkosi uShaka, kwabe eseyisitha esikhulu sikaZwide, naye efuna ukuphisela ukufa kweNkosi [[Dingiswayo|uDingiswayo kaJobe]] owayebulewe ngiye belu uZwide.

Ngaleso ndlela uMzilikazi waba nelikhuli igalelo ekulekeleleni uShaka ukuthi anqobe uyisemkhulu wakhe uZwide owabe eseyisitha nakuye ngokubulala uyise. UMzilikazi waba ngenye yezikhulu zakwaZulu neLembe(uShaka) limkhonzile ngenxa yobuqhawe bakhe ....

==Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa, 
Mbulaziomnyama, 
Nina bakaBheje eseNgome, 
Nin' enadl'umuntu nimyenga ngendaba, 
Nin' enadl' izimfe ezimbili ikhambi laphuma lilinye, 
Lobengula kaMzilikazi, 
Mzilikazi kaMashobana, 
Shobana noGasa kaZikode, 
Zikode kaMkhatshwa, 
Okhatshwe ngezinde izinyawo nangezimfushanyana, 
UMkhatshwa wawoZimangele, 
UNyama yentini yawoZimangele 
Mabaso owabasa entabeni kwadliwa ilanga lishona, 
BaNtungwa abancwaba, 
Zindlovu ezibantu, 
Zindlovu ezimacocombela, 
Nina abakwaMawela owawela iZambezi ngezikhali, 
Nina abakwaNkomo zavula inqaba, 
Zavula inqaba ngezimpondo kwelaseNgome zahamba, 
Nina enalukudla umlenze kwaBulawayo, 
Mantungwa Aluhlaza, 
Mantungwa Amahle, 
Bantwana benkosi, 
Nina abakwaNtokela, 
Inkubele abayihlabe ngamanxeba, 
Abakhule ngezinyawo ezimfishanyana nezimaqhukulwana, 
Inyanga abathe bethi ifile uZulu kanti isiyetheswe, 
Yetheswe ngoNyakana kaMpeyana, 
UBando abalubande balushiya uZulu, 
UNtshwintshwintshwi kaNoyanda noNdaba, 
UNkone evele ngobuso emdibini, 
Maqhawe amakhulu
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==Abantu abaziwayo== 
[[Mzilikazi Khumalo]]

[[Doctor Khumalo]] - wayengumdlali webhola owadlala eqenjini le-Kaizer Chiefs nakuBafana Bafana.

[[Kelly Khumalo]] - umculi odumile wezingoma zothando nowahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAMA

[[Andile Khumalo]] - 

[[Sibongile Khumalo]] - umculi odumile womculo we-Jazz nesishoshovu.

[[Leleti Khumalo]] - umlingisi odumile wezingqayi ezahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAFTA

[[Sibusiso Khumalo]] -</text>
      <sha1>3gg359n5hdh7o2vjauks5gcgxzxg4xj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121977</id>
      <parentid>121976</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T10:00:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121977</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4643" sha1="d6rgy3gbb8u3qe8uz154wesfq8oq9ln" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KHUMALO.png|thumb|Elithi Khumalo nelithi Mntungwa abhalwe ngesiBheqe soHlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Khumalo''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] sabantu abahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]], [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], nasezweni [[IZimbabwe|laseZimbabwe]] lapho abanye abafudukela khona. Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo zona zisikisela ukuthi bavela ngenhla komfula iZambezi. Lesi sibongo siyingxenye yeqembu labantu abaziwa ngoMntungwa, ezinye izibongo eziyingxenye yaleli qembu zihlanganisa uBlose, uMabaso noZikode, abazinze phakathi kwamaNdwandwe noMthethwa. [[Mzilikazi|UMzilikazi]] noMbulazi bangabantu bakwaKhumalo abaziwa kakhulu, futhi uMzilikazi uyena owasungula isizwe samaNdebele kaMthwakazi kwelaseZimbabwe.

=Umlando=
Umuntu okuthiwa nguyena oyinzalabantu kwaKhumalo nguyena qobo uKhumalo ozalwa nguMntungwa kaMbulazi. UMntungwa noMbulazi iwona amagama agqame kakhulu ashiwo lapho kuthakazelwa khona abantu abakwaKhumalo [[Mabaso|nabakwaMabaso]] kuthiwa Mntungwa kaMbulazi noma Mntungwa-Mbulazi . Umlando uveza ukuthi uMabaso wabe engumfowabo kaKhumalo, bobabili bengamadodana kaMntungwa. 

Ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]] oKhumalo [[AmaNtungwa-Nguni|bangamaNtungwa]]. Akungabazeki ukuthi Kube khona inzalabantu yabo egama layo linguMntungwa. Njengawo wonke amaNguni angamaNtungwa nabo abakwaKhumalo badabuka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe enyakatho noThukela. Ngokukhethekile bona babakhe eBabanango nasezindaweni ezizungeze ngakhona mangenhla nomsuka womfula uMhlathuze. 

UKhumalo wazala uMkhatshwa owazala uZikode owazala uGasa, uMashobane noMagawozi ngokulandelana kwabo. Ubukhosi bakwaKhumalo kulamadodana bahlukana ngokwezindlu. Yize uMashobana wayevela endlini encane ngenxa yokuthi indodana yakhe [[UMzilikazi kaMashonane|uMzilikazi]] yaba yiqhawe futhi Yaba nobudlelwano obukhulu [[Ushaka|neNgonyama uShaka]], kwaba iyona ndlu echuna kakhulu lena kunezinye. 

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMashonane oKhumalo babenobudlelwano obukhulu nobukhosi [[AmaNdwandwe|bamaNdwandwe]] eNkosi [[UZwide kaLanga|uZwide]]. UMzilikazi kaMashonane uqobo wayezalwa ngoNompethu okuthiwa wabe eyindodakazi kaZwide, yize abanye osomlando bethi wayengudadewabo. Ngalokho-ke ikomalume likaMzilikazi kwabe kuyikwaNdwandwe, okuyilapho akhulela khona. 

INkosi uZwide yabe inomkhuba ongajwayelekile wokuthi ibulale amakhosi bese iwanquma amakhanda kuhlotshiswe ngawo ilawini likanima uNtombazi. Lomkhuba wave uvamise ukwenziwa ezitheni zakhe uZwide. Ngezizathu ezingaqondakali naye uMashobane bagcina sebembulele banquma ikhanda lakhe laya elawini likaNtombazi. Emva kwaleso senzo uMzilikazi wabaleka waya kowakha ubudlelwano nobukhosi bakwaZulu obabusaphenjwa ngaleso sikhathi buphenjwa yiNkosi uShaka, kwabe eseyisitha esikhulu sikaZwide, naye efuna ukuphisela ukufa kweNkosi [[Dingiswayo|uDingiswayo kaJobe]] owayebulewe ngiye belu uZwide.

Ngaleso ndlela uMzilikazi waba nelikhuli igalelo ekulekeleleni uShaka ukuthi anqobe uyisemkhulu wakhe uZwide owabe eseyisitha nakuye ngokubulala uyise. UMzilikazi waba ngenye yezikhulu zakwaZulu neLembe(uShaka) limkhonzile ngenxa yobuqhawe bakhe ....

==Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa, 
Mbulaziomnyama, 
Nina bakaBheje eseNgome, 
Nin' enadl'umuntu nimyenga ngendaba, 
Nin' enadl' izimfe ezimbili ikhambi laphuma lilinye, 
Lobengula kaMzilikazi, 
Mzilikazi kaMashobana, 
Shobana noGasa kaZikode, 
Zikode kaMkhatshwa, 
Okhatshwe ngezinde izinyawo nangezimfushanyana, 
UMkhatshwa wawoZimangele, 
UNyama yentini yawoZimangele 
Mabaso owabasa entabeni kwadliwa ilanga lishona, 
BaNtungwa abancwaba, 
Zindlovu ezibantu, 
Zindlovu ezimacocombela, 
Nina abakwaMawela owawela iZambezi ngezikhali, 
Nina abakwaNkomo zavula inqaba, 
Zavula inqaba ngezimpondo kwelaseNgome zahamba, 
Nina enalukudla umlenze kwaBulawayo, 
Mantungwa Aluhlaza, 
Mantungwa Amahle, 
Bantwana benkosi, 
Nina abakwaNtokela, 
Inkubele abayihlabe ngamanxeba, 
Abakhule ngezinyawo ezimfishanyana nezimaqhukulwana, 
Inyanga abathe bethi ifile uZulu kanti isiyetheswe, 
Yetheswe ngoNyakana kaMpeyana, 
UBando abalubande balushiya uZulu, 
UNtshwintshwintshwi kaNoyanda noNdaba, 
UNkone evele ngobuso emdibini, 
Maqhawe amakhulu
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==Abantu abaziwayo== 
[[Mzilikazi Khumalo]]

[[Doctor Khumalo]] - wayengumdlali webhola owadlala eqenjini le-Kaizer Chiefs nakuBafana Bafana.

[[Kelly Khumalo]] - umculi odumile wezingoma zothando nowahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAMA

[[Andile Khumalo]] - 

[[Sibongile Khumalo]] - umculi odumile womculo we-Jazz nesishoshovu.

[[Leleti Khumalo]] - umlingisi odumile wezingqayi ezahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAFTA

[[Sibusiso Khumalo]] -</text>
      <sha1>d6rgy3gbb8u3qe8uz154wesfq8oq9ln</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121981</id>
      <parentid>121977</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T11:26:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Umlando */</comment>
      <origin>121981</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4699" sha1="ea5hn8whroc52kf1tewxakps0w4owdc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KHUMALO.png|thumb|Elithi Khumalo nelithi Mntungwa abhalwe ngesiBheqe soHlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Khumalo''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] sabantu abahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]], [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], nasezweni [[IZimbabwe|laseZimbabwe]] lapho abanye abafudukela khona. Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo zona zisikisela ukuthi bavela ngenhla komfula iZambezi. Lesi sibongo siyingxenye yeqembu labantu abaziwa ngoMntungwa, ezinye izibongo eziyingxenye yaleli qembu zihlanganisa uBlose, uMabaso noZikode, abazinze phakathi kwamaNdwandwe noMthethwa. [[Mzilikazi|UMzilikazi]] noMbulazi bangabantu bakwaKhumalo abaziwa kakhulu, futhi uMzilikazi uyena owasungula isizwe samaNdebele kaMthwakazi kwelaseZimbabwe.

=Umlando=
Umuntu okuthiwa nguyena oyinzalabantu kwaKhumalo nguyena qobo uKhumalo ozalwa nguMntungwa kaMbulazi. UMntungwa noMbulazi iwona amagama agqame kakhulu ashiwo lapho kuthakazelwa khona abantu abakwaKhumalo [[Mabaso|nabakwaMabaso]] kuthiwa Mntungwa kaMbulazi noma Mntungwa-Mbulazi . Umlando uveza ukuthi uMabaso wabe engumfowabo kaKhumalo, bobabili bengamadodana kaMntungwa. 

Ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]] oKhumalo [[AmaNtungwa-Nguni|bangamaNtungwa]]. Akungabazeki ukuthi Kube khona inzalabantu yabo egama layo linguMntungwa. Njengawo wonke amaNguni angamaNtungwa nabo abakwaKhumalo badabuka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe enyakatho noThukela. Ngokukhethekile bona babakhe eBabanango nasezindaweni ezizungeze ngakhona mangenhla nomsuka womfula uMhlathuze. 

UKhumalo wazala uMkhatshwa owazala uZikode owazala uGasa, uMashobane noMagawozi ngokulandelana kwabo. Ubukhosi bakwaKhumalo kulamadodana bahlukana ngokwezindlu. Yize uMashobana wayevela endlini encane ngenxa yokuthi indodana yakhe [[UMzilikazi kaMashonane|uMzilikazi]] yaba yiqhawe futhi Yaba nobudlelwano obukhulu [[Ushaka|neNgonyama uShaka]], kwaba iyona ndlu echuna kakhulu lena kunezinye. 

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMashonane oKhumalo babenobudlelwano obukhulu nobukhosi [[AmaNdwandwe|bamaNdwandwe]] eNkosi [[UZwide kaLanga|uZwide]]. UMzilikazi kaMashonane uqobo wayezalwa ngoNompethu okuthiwa wabe eyindodakazi kaZwide, yize abanye osomlando bethi wayengudadewabo. Ngalokho-ke ikomalume likaMzilikazi kwabe kuyikwaNdwandwe, okuyilapho akhulela khona. 

INkosi uZwide yabe inomkhuba ongajwayelekile wokuthi ibulale amakhosi bese iwanquma amakhanda kuhlotshiswe ngawo ilawini likanima uNtombazi. Lomkhuba wave uvamise ukwenziwa ezitheni zakhe uZwide. Ngezizathu ezingaqondakali naye uMashobane bagcina sebembulele banquma ikhanda lakhe laya elawini likaNtombazi. Emva kwaleso senzo uMzilikazi wabaleka waya kowakha ubudlelwano nobukhosi bakwaZulu obabusaphenjwa ngaleso sikhathi buphenjwa yiNkosi uShaka, kwabe eseyisitha esikhulu sikaZwide, naye efuna ukuphisela ukufa kweNkosi [[Dingiswayo|uDingiswayo kaJobe]] owayebulewe ngiye belu uZwide.

Ngaleso ndlela uMzilikazi waba nelikhuli igalelo ekulekeleleni uShaka ukuthi anqobe uyisemkhulu wakhe uZwide owabe eseyisitha nakuye ngokubulala uyise. UMzilikazi waba ngenye yezikhulu zakwaZulu neLembe(uShaka) limkhonzile ngenxa yobuqhawe bakhe ....

==Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa, 
Mbulaziomnyama, 
Nina bakaBheje eseNgome, 
Nin' enadl'umuntu nimyenga ngendaba, 
Nin' enadl' izimfe ezimbili ikhambi laphuma lilinye, 
Lobengula kaMzilikazi, 
Mzilikazi kaMashobana, 
Shobana noGasa kaZikode, 
Zikode kaMkhatshwa, 
Okhatshwe ngezinde izinyawo nangezimfushanyana, 
UMkhatshwa wawoZimangele, 
UNyama yentini yawoZimangele 
Mabaso owabasa entabeni kwadliwa ilanga lishona, 
BaNtungwa abancwaba, 
Zindlovu ezibantu, 
Zindlovu ezimacocombela, 
Nina abakwaMawela owawela iZambezi ngezikhali, 
Nina abakwaNkomo zavula inqaba, 
Zavula inqaba ngezimpondo kwelaseNgome zahamba, 
Nina enalukudla umlenze kwaBulawayo, 
Mantungwa Aluhlaza, 
Mantungwa Amahle, 
Bantwana benkosi, 
Nina abakwaNtokela, 
Inkubele abayihlabe ngamanxeba, 
Abakhule ngezinyawo ezimfishanyana nezimaqhukulwana, 
Inyanga abathe bethi ifile uZulu kanti isiyetheswe, 
Yetheswe ngoNyakana kaMpeyana, 
UBando abalubande balushiya uZulu, 
UNtshwintshwintshwi kaNoyanda noNdaba, 
UNkone evele ngobuso emdibini, 
Maqhawe amakhulu
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==Abantu abaziwayo== 
[[Mzilikazi Khumalo]]

[[Basetsana Kumalo]] - usomhwebo onewhaza kwezohwebo 

[[Doctor Khumalo]] - wayengumdlali webhola owadlala eqenjini le-Kaizer Chiefs nakuBafana Bafana.

[[Kelly Khumalo]] - umculi odumile wezingoma zothando nowahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAMA

[[Andile Khumalo]] - 

[[Sibongile Khumalo]] - umculi odumile womculo we-Jazz nesishoshovu.

[[Leleti Khumalo]] - umlingisi odumile wezingqayi ezahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAFTA

[[Sibusiso Khumalo]] -</text>
      <sha1>ea5hn8whroc52kf1tewxakps0w4owdc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Umlilo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34091</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121961</id>
      <parentid>121910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T04:23:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121961</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5866" sha1="gnzj3qbtf9bgmr02gr7tyu1xtmp3qj7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Fire02.jpg|thumb|Umlilo ophehlwe ngezinkuni]]
'''Umlilo''' uw[[ukusabela kwevanga]] noma ukuthuhleka okusheshayo kwesivamelo enqubweni ededela [[ikhoza]], [[ukukhanya]], nemikhiqizo ehlukahkukene yalokho kusabela.
Amalangabi, ingxenye ebonakalayo yomlilo, akhiqizwa ekusabeleni kokusha lapho isivamelo sifinyelela izingakushisa elivamile. Amalangabi avela ezivanelweni zomcalahwanzi i-hydrocarbon ngokuyinhloko ezqukethe UmCalahle ontuhlambili, umhwamuko wamanzi, isOhwe, neNihwe. Uma ushisa ngokwanele, uhowo lungahonyozeka lukhiqize [[UNyazani|unyazani.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Fukuyama|first1=Takao|last2=Mukai|first2=Nodoka|last3=Togawa|first3=Gaku|title=Dynamic behaviours of a flame as plasma in a strong electric field|journal=Scientific Reports|date=1 November 2019|volume=9|issue=1|page=15811|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-50537-x|pmid=31676808|bibcode=2019NatSR...915811F|pmc=6825191}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umbala nokuvutha kwamalangabi kuncike ohlotsheni lwesivamelo nokwakheka kohowo oluzungezile.

Umlilo, ngokwesiko sawo esivamile, inamandla wokuba ephenduke umlilo wequbula, okuyinto engashisa izinto eziningi ngisho nabantu. Umlilo uzikhinyabeza ngokuqondile zonke iziphili emhlabeni. Imithelela emuhle yomlilo ihlanganisa ukuvuseleka ukukhula kwezitshalo, Kodwa ungakhahlameza impilo ushise impahla, unukubalise umoya futhi ungcolise amanzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Lentile | first1=Leigh B. | last2=Holden | first2=Zachary A. | last3=Smith | first3=Alistair M. S. | last4=Falkowski | first4=Michael J. | last5=Hudak | first5=Andrew T. | last6=Morgan | first6=Penelope | last7=Lewis | first7=Sarah A. | last8=Gessler | first8=Paul E. | last9=Benson | first9=Nate C | title=Remote sensing techniques to assess active fire characteristics and post-fire effects | year=2006 | journal=International Journal of Wildland Fire | issue=15 | volume=3 | pages=319–345 | doi=10.1071/WF05097 | s2cid=724358 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lapho umlilo ushisa izitshalo ezivikela inhlabathi, ukufika kwemvula enamandla kwenza inhlabathi iguguleke.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Morris | first1 = S. E. | last2 = Moses | first2 = T. A. | year = 1987 | title = Forest Fire and the Natural Soil Erosion Regime in the Colorado Front Range | journal = Annals of the Association of American Geographers | volume = 77 | issue = 2| pages = 245–54 | doi=10.1111/j.1467-8306.1987.tb00156.x |issn=0004-5608 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukusha kwezitshalo kuphafuza [[iNihwe]] emoyeni, engafani neminye imisoco yezitshalo efana nomKhosha noma iPholoba, eziihlala isikhathi eside emlotheni futhi zivuseleleka ngokuba ingxenye yenhlabathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1990-08-14 |title=SCIENCE WATCH; Burning Plants Adding to Nitrogen |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/14/science/science-watch-burning-plants-adding-to-nitrogen.html |access-date=2023-11-02 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527111406/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/14/science/science-watch-burning-plants-adding-to-nitrogen.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-11-12 |title=How Do Wildfires Affect Soil? - Applied Earth Sciences |url=https://aessoil.com/how-do-wildfires-affect-soil/ |access-date=2023-11-02 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527111411/https://aessoil.com/how-do-wildfires-affect-soil/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukulahleka kweNihwe kwenza inhlabathi ilahlekelwe ukuvunda kwayo. Kodwa, ingabuyiselwa ngokuthi kutshalwe izitshalo ezilungisa iNihwe ezifana ne-clover, imigoqo, [[Amaqobolondo|namaqobolondo]]; ngokufaka umgquba noma nesimongotho semvelo esifana [[Umbani|nombani]]. 

Endulo, umlilo wawuthathwa njengenhlwa ebalulekile kanye nomoya, inhlabathi namanzi, futhi wawuhlonizwa ngoba kwezolimo wawucwenga izwe, uvikela ukupheka, iletha imfudumalo nokukhanya, usetshenziswa ukuphokozisa, ukuncibilikisa, ukuqandula, ukushisa izibi, ukulothisa, nanjengesikhali sembubhiso.

Namuhla, sekukhona ezobuchwepheshe namaqhingasu okuklanyelwe ukuvimba umlilo, ukuwulawula, nokuwucisha, kusetshenziswa abacishimlilo abayizingcwepheshi. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindlini umlilo ubangwa ophekayo lapho enganakile, nakuba usikilidi nawo uymbangela enkulu. Izihlongamlilo nezinhlelo zeziitshapi ziyawunciphosa umonakalo womlilo ezindlini.&lt;ref name=AlHajj2022&gt;{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | last1=Al-Hajj | first1=S. | last2=Desapriya | first2=E. | last3=Pawliuk | first3=C. | last4=Garis | first4=L. | last5=Pike | first5=I. | title=Interventions for preventing residential fires in vulnerable neighbourhoods and Indigenous communities: A systematic review of the literature | journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | volume=19 | issue=9 | pages=5434 | date=2022 | doi=10.3390/ijerph19105434 | doi-broken-date=4 December 2025 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==uMsukagama==
Elithi &quot;umlilo&quot; livela egameni lo limi olwandulela isintu kwelithi ''mʊ̀dɪ̀dò'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|publisher=Witwatersrand University Press|author=Doke, Vilakazi|title=Zulu-English Dictionary|date=1972|page=457}}&lt;/ref&gt; nalo elivela egameni lo limi lwangaphambili laseBenue-Congo elithi ''lilo''. Ingakho izilimi eziningi zase-Afrika ephakathi wehle uze uyofika eNingizimu zinendlela ecishe ifane yokubiza lesi simongotho.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/m%CA%8A%CC%80d%C9%AA%CC%80d%C3%B2&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokwesibonelo, ngokwesiBende ''múlíló'', ngokwesiLuganda ''omuliro'', ngokwesiLuba-Katanga ''mudilo'', ngokwesiNdonga ''omulilo'', ngokwesiLala ''nilo'', isiPhuthi ''mullo'', futhi ngokwesiXhosa ''umlilo''.
Abukho ubufakazi obusikisela ukuthi elithi umlilo lihlobene ngandlela thile nebizo elithi isililo noma ukulila.

Umlilo ubuye ubizwe ngamagama okuhlonipha ahlanganisa elithi umbaso, umphembo, umtubiso, nelithi umkhanyiso.

==Amaphathelelo==</text>
      <sha1>gnzj3qbtf9bgmr02gr7tyu1xtmp3qj7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ufuduko: The Exodus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34092</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121925</id>
      <parentid>121918</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T13:27:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121925</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="517" sha1="pxtqzl9ltcle6t1wqv19t6smt8f0zvq" xml:space="preserve">'''Ufuduko: The Exodus''' [[Ingqayi|yingqayi]] ewuhlobo olusanganeko etholakala kuYouTube ebhalwe nguMzwandile Ntshele, yadidiyelwa yinkampani i-Art Slave Production ngowezi-2023 endaweni yaseSweetwaters ngaphansi kwentaba [[Intaba iMbubu|iMbubu]], [[UMgundundlovu (idolobha)|eMgungundlovu]]. Lengqayi ibonisa isizwe esiqanjiwe sentsha okuthiwa amaHlanguka esifudukele endaweni eseningizimu yezwekazi. Lesizwe sibhekana nobunzima okutholeni uzinzo kulelizwe esifikele kulo ngenxa yezingqinamba eziqondene nesiko lazo.</text>
      <sha1>pxtqzl9ltcle6t1wqv19t6smt8f0zvq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>AmaNtungwa-Nguni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34093</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121931</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T14:37:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mzwandile Loyi-Naziri Ntshele</username>
        <id>20389</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created a page from scratch</comment>
      <origin>121931</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="254" sha1="shcuhr640ukmbj47zg0tzaks5stnfdn" xml:space="preserve">'''AmaNtungwa-Nguni''' yisigaba sabeNguni ayezinze phakathi nendawo ezindaweni eziphakathi komfula uThukela nomfula uPhongolo. Lapha kubalwa izizwe ezingoKhumalo, Mabaso, Zwane, Zulu, Buthelezi, Qwabe,  Mchunu, Mthembu kwezidumile kanye nezinye ezincane.</text>
      <sha1>shcuhr640ukmbj47zg0tzaks5stnfdn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Isibongo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34094</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121941</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-02T17:39:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346485263|Surname]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>121941</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2191" sha1="01qa2x0koarpi59qdohhma60k3to34o" xml:space="preserve">Emiphakathini eminingi, '''isibongo''', '''igama lohlanga''' ''',''' noma '''igama lomndeni''' ingxenye eyifa yegama lomuntu siqu eveza uhlanga lwakhe.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=surname|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/surname|access-date=3 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswa negama aliphiwe ukuze kwakhiwe igama eliphelele lomuntu, yize amagama wokuphiwa nezibongo eziningana aba yingxenye yegameni eliphelele. Ezikhathini zanamuhla izibongo eziningi zizuzwa njengefa, yize emazweni amaningi umuntu enelungelo lokushintsha igama lakhe .

Kuye ngesiko, isibongo singabekwa ekuqaleni kwegama lomuntu, noma ekugcineni. Inani lezibongo ezinikezwa umuntu liyahlukahluka: ezimweni eziningi sinye nje, kodwa emazweni akhuluma isiPutukezi nakwamanye amazwe akhuluma iSpanishi, izibongo ezimbili (esinye esibuya kunina kanti esinye esibuya kubaba) zisetshenziselwa izinjongo zomthetho. Kwamanye amasiko, akuwona wonke amalungu omndeni okudingeka abe nesibongo esifanayo. Kwamanye amazwe, izibongo ziyashintshwa kuye ngobulili kanye nesimo sobulungu bomndeni somuntu. Izibongo ezihlanganisiwe zingakhiwa ngamagama ahlukene. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Haas|first1=Ann|last2=Elliott|first2=Marc N|last3=Dembosky|first3=Jacob W|last4=Adams|first4=John L|last5=Wilson-Frederick|first5=Shondelle M|last6=Mallett|first6=Joshua S|last7=Gaillot|first7=Sarah|last8=Haffer|first8=Samuel C|last9=Haviland|first9=Amelia M|title=Imputation of race/ethnicity to enable measurement of HEDIS performance by race/ethnicity|journal=Health Services Research|date=1 February 2019|volume=54|issue=1|pages=13–23|doi=10.1111/1475-6773.13099|pmid=30506674|pmc=6338295|issn=1475-6773}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukusetshenziswa kwamagama kuye kwabhalwa ngisho nasemibhalweni yomlando emidala kakhulu. Izibonelo zezibongo zilotshwe ngekhulu le-11 yizikhulu zaseNgilandi. Izibongo zesiNgisi zaqala ukwakhiwa ngokubhekisela esicini esithile salowo muntu, njengokuhweba kwakhe, igama likayise, indawo azalelwa kuyo, noma izici zomzimba, futhi kwakungeyona ngempela indaba yozalo. Ngawo-1400 imindeni eminingi yamaNgisi, kanye naleyo evela eLowland Scotland, yayisisebenzise izibongo zozalo. 
[[Category:Isibongo]]</text>
      <sha1>01qa2x0koarpi59qdohhma60k3to34o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121951</id>
      <parentid>121941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T00:34:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>15036</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>121951</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2337" sha1="efo7u7g7vl1ih8w1zdnpppccf3kd8g8" xml:space="preserve">Emiphakathini eminingi, '''isibongo''', '''igama lohlanga''' ''',''' noma '''igama lomndeni''' ingxenye eyifa yegama lomuntu siqu eveza uhlanga lwakhe.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=surname|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/surname|access-date=3 October 2017|archivedate=4 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004084850/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/surname|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswa negama aliphiwe ukuze kwakhiwe igama eliphelele lomuntu, yize amagama wokuphiwa nezibongo eziningana aba yingxenye yegameni eliphelele. Ezikhathini zanamuhla izibongo eziningi zizuzwa njengefa, yize emazweni amaningi umuntu enelungelo lokushintsha igama lakhe .

Kuye ngesiko, isibongo singabekwa ekuqaleni kwegama lomuntu, noma ekugcineni. Inani lezibongo ezinikezwa umuntu liyahlukahluka: ezimweni eziningi sinye nje, kodwa emazweni akhuluma isiPutukezi nakwamanye amazwe akhuluma iSpanishi, izibongo ezimbili (esinye esibuya kunina kanti esinye esibuya kubaba) zisetshenziselwa izinjongo zomthetho. Kwamanye amasiko, akuwona wonke amalungu omndeni okudingeka abe nesibongo esifanayo. Kwamanye amazwe, izibongo ziyashintshwa kuye ngobulili kanye nesimo sobulungu bomndeni somuntu. Izibongo ezihlanganisiwe zingakhiwa ngamagama ahlukene. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Haas|first1=Ann|last2=Elliott|first2=Marc N|last3=Dembosky|first3=Jacob W|last4=Adams|first4=John L|last5=Wilson-Frederick|first5=Shondelle M|last6=Mallett|first6=Joshua S|last7=Gaillot|first7=Sarah|last8=Haffer|first8=Samuel C|last9=Haviland|first9=Amelia M|title=Imputation of race/ethnicity to enable measurement of HEDIS performance by race/ethnicity|journal=Health Services Research|date=1 February 2019|volume=54|issue=1|pages=13–23|doi=10.1111/1475-6773.13099|pmid=30506674|pmc=6338295|issn=1475-6773}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukusetshenziswa kwamagama kuye kwabhalwa ngisho nasemibhalweni yomlando emidala kakhulu. Izibonelo zezibongo zilotshwe ngekhulu le-11 yizikhulu zaseNgilandi. Izibongo zesiNgisi zaqala ukwakhiwa ngokubhekisela esicini esithile salowo muntu, njengokuhweba kwakhe, igama likayise, indawo azalelwa kuyo, noma izici zomzimba, futhi kwakungeyona ngempela indaba yozalo. Ngawo-1400 imindeni eminingi yamaNgisi, kanye naleyo evela eLowland Scotland, yayisisebenzise izibongo zozalo. 
[[Category:Isibongo]]</text>
      <sha1>efo7u7g7vl1ih8w1zdnpppccf3kd8g8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ukushisa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34095</id>
    <redirect title="Ukusha" />
    <revision>
      <id>121959</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T04:21:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[Ukushisa]] to [[Ukusha]]</comment>
      <origin>121959</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20" sha1="iloj77qywp5a03vancmhsqrlke8zsk0" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ukusha]]</text>
      <sha1>iloj77qywp5a03vancmhsqrlke8zsk0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>I-Basetsana Kumalo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34096</id>
    <redirect title="Basetsana Kumalo" />
    <revision>
      <id>121980</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T11:23:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[I-Basetsana Kumalo]] to [[Basetsana Kumalo]]</comment>
      <origin>121980</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="o1vbf6wggl2pyg9col1dtk3ezremjg3" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Basetsana Kumalo]]</text>
      <sha1>o1vbf6wggl2pyg9col1dtk3ezremjg3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>