IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika

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    <title>IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika</title>
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      <id>121990</id>
      <parentid>121965</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T14:07:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umzabalazi</username>
        <id>25813</id>
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      <comment>Ngikhiphe inguquko engaqondile</comment>
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      <text bytes="49281" sha1="bfj7zoi99r0dq7pvd6rx0fuuugtot22" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Featured articles}}
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[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|iNingizimu Afrika]] (ngokomthetho '''iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''', ngokwesijwayelekile '''uMzansi'''), iyilizwe eningizimu le-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]. iNingizimu Afrika inemigcele namazwe ayisithupha: [[iButswana]] ne[[IZimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] ngasenyakatho, [[iMozambiki]] ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga, [[Eswatini|eSwazini]] ngasempumalanga, [[INamibhiya]] ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga. iNingizimu Afrika izungeze [[iLesotho]]. Futhi, inemigu yolwandle emibili: enye elwandlekazini yaseNdiya nenye ngaselwandlekazini yase-Atlantiki ezihlangana [[eKapa]].

Kunokuhluka kwabantu ngokwelimi, kwehlanga nakwenkolo okuningi. Kunezilimi eziyishumi nambili ngokomthetho: [[isiZulu]], [[isiNgisi]], [[isiBhunu]], [[isiTswana]], [[isiTsonga]], [[isiVenda]], [[IsiSuthu sasenyakatho|isiSuthu saseNyakatho]] (esaziwa ngokujwayelekile ngesiPedi) ne[[IsiSuthu|siSuthu saseNingizimu]], [[isiNdebele saseNingizimu]], [[isiSwazi]], [[isiXhosa]] nokuphawula ngezandla. Futhi kunabantu bomdabu abangama-Khoi-San. Kunezinhlanga ezine zabantu: [[Abantu abansundu|abaNsundu]], [[abeLungu]], [[amaNdiya]] n[[amaKhaladi]] (inhlobo yabantu elihlanganisa abantu base[[Malaysia]], abantubomdabu, nabeLungu). Kukhonzwa izinkolo eziningi njengenkolo yomdabu, ubuKhrestu (elindlula ezinkolo ngenani labalandeli bayo), i-Islamu, isiHindu nesiJuda.

Ezombangazwe zilawulwa [[UMthetho-sisekelo WaseNingizimu Afrika|nguMthethosisekelo]]. uMthethosisekelo uqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo ayahlonishwa nokuthi bonke abantu baphathwa ngokulingana. uHulumeni unamagatsha amathathu ahlolanayo ukuthi angahluli amanye: isishayamthetho ([[IPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika|iPhalamende]] ekhethwa ngabantu bonke abakhulile), igatsho lokuphatha (uMkhandlu wokuPhatha kaZwelonke), negatsha lobulungiswa ([[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo]] nezinyi izinkantolo). Lelizwe lihlanganisa izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye: [[iNtshonalanga Kapa]], [[iMpumalanga Kapa]], [[iNyakatho Kapa]], [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]], [[iFuleyisitata]], [[iNyakatho-Ntshonalanga]], [[iLimpopo]], [[IKwaZulu-Natali|kwaZulu-Natali]] [[IMpumalanga|neMpumalanga]]. Ineziqonga ezintathu: [[iPitoli]], [[IKapa|eKapa]] nase[[IBloemfontein|Bloemfontein]]. Idolobha elunkulu kunazonke lus[[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]].

Kwasukela iminyaka eyi-100,000 eyandlule, kwakuhlala amaKhoi-Sani ebaphila ngokuzulazula, ukuzingela izinyamazane nokuqoqa izitshalo zasehlathini. Kusukela iminyaka eyi-3000 eyandlule, kwaqala ukufika abantu basePhakathi Afrika abafuyayo, abalimayo, futhi abaqamba izinto nge[[Insimbi|nsimbi]]. Bafudukele eNingizimu Afrika ngamaqembu alandelanayo. Bahlangana namaKhoi-Sani, baganana, bazalelana izingane. Abazukulu babo yibona ekuthiwa ngabantu abaNsundu ebayikhulu lenani labantu abahlala eNingizimu Afrika namhlanje. Ngo-1664, kwafika abantu baseNtshonalanga [[Yurobhu]] (namhlanje baziwa ngokuthi abeLungu). 

Bahlasela, bacindezela, futhi bahlukanisa abantu bomdabu ezindaweni ezithile futhi baphuca izizwe zabantu abaNsundu amandla okuzibusa nokuzimela. Futhi, basungula umbuso wobandululo okwehlanga kusukela u-1948 makungena i-National Party embusweni. Ngenxa yomzabalazo oludonswe phambili nge-[[African National Congress]] namanye amaqembu wabantu abansundu, nangemphoqo yamanye amazwe wangaphesheya (kakhulu wase-Afrika), umbuso wabeLungu wanikela amandla okubusa ngo-1994. Manje, iNingizimu Afrika ibuswa ngentandoyeningi kodwa kusekhona izinkinga: njengokungalingani ngemali ngaphakathi kwabantu bezihlanga ezihlukene, udlame ngenxa yobugebengu, nobumpofu nobungabi nomsebenzi. Noma kunjalo, iNingizimu Afrika inothile ukundlula amazwe wonke wase-Afrika. Ihloniphekile ngaphesheya ngenxa yokumela amalungelo wabantu abacindezelwayo nokukhutaza ukusebenzisana kamazwe.

== Igama ==
Kusetshenziswa amagama ambalwa akubiza iNingizimu Afrika. &quot;IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika&quot; iyigama elide ngokoMthethosisekelo. Kodwa kunabafundi besiZulu abathu igama likaRiphabhuliki liguqulwe kuMbusobala. Kusetshenziswa igama elifushane likaMzansi (igama lesiXhosa lasemthethweni). Ngenxa yokumbumbanan kwezihlanga ezahlukile emuva kwesikhathi sobandlululo, abantu balubiza &quot;''Rainbow Nation''&quot; (Iziswe Sokwethingo). Kunabantu abafunda ukuchitha amagama onke aqondene nekolonializimu. Ngakho ke bafuma lelilizwe libizwe &quot;''Azania''&quot;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Uhlu wamagama weNingizimu Afrika ngemilimi esemthethweni
!Ulwimi
!Igama elifushane
!Igama ngokomthetho
|-
|isiBhunu
|''Suid-Afrika''
|''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''
|-
|isiNgisi
|''South Africa''
|''Republic of South Africa''
|-
|isiSuthu saseNingizimu
|''Afrika Borwa''
|''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''
|-
|isiSuthu saseNyakatho
|''Afrika-Borwa''
|''Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa''
|-
|isiSwazi
|''iNingizimu-Afrika''
|''iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika''
|-
|isiTsonga
|''Afrika Dzonga''
|''Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga''
|-
|isiTswana
|''Aforika Borwa''
|''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''
|-
|isiVenda
|''Afurika Tshipembe''
|''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe''
|-
|isiXhosa
|''uMzantsi Afrika''
|''iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika''
|}

== uHulumeni ==

=== Ezokubusa ===
[[File:Prime Minister Sunak met with President Ramaphosa of South Africa in Number 10 - 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|191x191px|[[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika]], uMnm [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]]]
uHulumeni unamagatsha amathathu anikezwe amandla angafani ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuzohlala kubuswa [[Umbuso wabantu|ngentandoyeningi]] eNingizimu Afrika:

* Isishayamthetho: [[iPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika]] linezindlu ezimbili: [[ISishayamthetho sikaZwelonke|isiGunga sikaZwelonke]] (indlu engaphansi) n[[UMkhandlu kaZwelonke weziFundazwe|oMkhandlu kaZwelonkwe weziFundazwe]] (indlu engaphezulu)
* Igatsha lokuphatha: [[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu]] Afrika noMkhandlu kaZwelonke wokuPhatha
* Igatsha lobulungiswa: [[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika]], [[INkantolo ePhakeme yokuDlulisa amaCala laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo ePhakeme yokuDlulisa amaCala]] nezinye izinkantolo

uMongameli uyinloko yombuso nenhloko yoMkhandlu kaZwelonke wokuPhatha. uMongameli uqoka aboNgqongqoshe abahola iminyango kahulumeni. uMongameli unamandla okwamkela noma ukubiyisa imithethosivivinywa ePhalamende. uMongameli ungumkhuzi omkhulu woMbutho wokuVikela waseNingizimu Afrika futhi umela ilizwe lonke ekwakheni ubudlelwane nezinye izizwe. uMongameli ukhethwa iningi lenani lwamalunga wesiGunga sikaZwelonke. Ohleli esikhundleni manje ngu-Cyril Ramaphosa owakhethwa ngo-2019 nango-2024. Akuvumelekanga ukuthi uMongameli ahlale ukundlula izikhathi ezimbili esikhundleni. uMongameli kufanele aqoka amalunga wePhalamende ukuba abangqongqoshe kodwa kuvumelekile akuthi akhethe abantu ababili ukuthi babengabangqogqoshe.

Makundlula iminyaka eyinhlanu, izakhamuzi zikhetha imihlangano zezombangazwe ukuthi zibamele esiGungeni sikaZwelonke naseziShayamthethweni zeziFundazwe. Imihlangano inikeza iKhomishini eziMele yoKhetho izihlu zamalunga afuna ukuthi bayimele esiGungeni naseziShayamthethweni. iKhomishini eziMele yoKhetho izonikeza imihlangano izihlalo esiGungeni naseziShayamthethweni ngobuningi bamavoti abawatholile ekhethweni. Amalunga anikezwa izihlalo ngokulandelana ezinhlwini ezazinikezwe iKhomishini. Kuvumelekile ukuthi inhlangano ikhiphe amalunga ahleli ngaphansi kwegama layo. Izifundazwe zinikezwe izihlalo ezilinganayo eMkhandlwini kaZwelonke weziFundazwe. Amalunga ayo akhethwa iziShayamthetho. Imihlangano inikezwa izihlalo eMkhandlwini ngobuningi bamalunga abanawo esiShayathethweni wesiFundazwe esithile. IsiGunga sikaZwelonke sinamandla okushaya imithetho ngadaba noma luphi endlula uMkhandlu kaZwelonke weziFundazwe — ngoba umsebenzi wayo uqondane kakhulu nezindaba zolwimi, amasiko nemiphakathi. 

uMthethosisekelo ungumthetho ophakeme kuyonke imithetho. iPhalamende inamandla okushaya nomayimuphi umthetho ohambisana nayo. iziNkantolo zegatsha yobulungiswa zinamandla okuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imithetho iyalendelwa. iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo inamandla okuchitha noma yimuphi umthetho ongahambisani nomthethosisekelo. Ezinye izinkantolo zihlulela ukuphikisana ngaphathi kwabantu nezinhlangano futhi zihlulela amacala womthetho wobugebengu. Izinkantolo zinamandla okugweba abantu amacala nokubabophisa ukuze kubenokulungiswa nokuxola ezweni. Izinqumo zezinkantolo zibayinxenye yomthetho welizwe ngoba zichaza ukuthi imithetho ngempela isho ukuthini.

=== Ezombangazwe ===
[[File:Houses of Parliament (Cape Town).jpg|thumb|191x191px|Izindlu ze[[IPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika|Phalamende yaseNingizimu Afrika]], [[eKapa]], e[[INtshonalanga Kapa|Ntshonalanga Kapa]]]]
Inhlangano enkulu eyayibusa iyodwa eNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngo-1994 kufikela ngo-2024 yi-African National Congress (ANC). i-ANC isungulwe ngo-1912. Ngenxa yokuxoxisana nokuvumelana ne-''National Part''y (NP) ukuthi ubandlululo okwehlanga uchithwe ukuze abantu abansundu bakhone ukuvota, i-ANC iphumelele emikhethweni yokuqala eyisikhombisa ukuthi aboMongameli abane bokuqala besikhathi senkululeko babuye kuyo: kusukela u[[Nelson Mandela]] kufika ku[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]. iNhlangano yabelungu eyayibusa futhi eyasungula ubandlululo okwehlanga, i-NP, ibuse neANC eHulumendini yokuBumbana yango-1994. Kodwa ngasemuva kwesikhathi seHulumende yokuBumbana, i-NP yachithwa. Amanye amalunga ayo angena kwi-ANC. 
[[File:Late Nelson Mandela Statue, Pretoria South Africa Redux.png|thumb|192x192px|Izakhiwo zeMbumbano, [[IPitoli|ePitoli]], [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]]]]
iQembu elaliphikisane ne-ANC kusukela u-1999 kwakuyi-''Democratic Party'', elaguqula igama kwi-''Democratic Alliance'' (DA) kufikela u-2024. Ngo-2009, i-DA yathatha amandla [[INtshonalanga Kapa|eNtshonalanga Kapa]] kufika manje. Ngo-2024 yavuma ukungena emfelondawonyeni wezinhlangano lapho i-ANC beyidonsa phambili. ''iNkatha'' yasungulwa yiSilo u[[Solomon kaDinizulu|Solomoni kaDinuzulu]] ngezi-1920. uMntwana [[Mangosuthu Buthelezi|uMangosuthu Buthelezi]] wayiguqula igama kwiNkatha Freedom Party wayiphendula inhlangano yezombangazwe ngo-1975 eyaphatha kwaZulu esikhathini sobandlululo kufikela u-1994. Ngo-1994 yavuma ukubayilunga lemfelondawonye yeHulumende yokuBumbana futhi yabayinhlangano enkulu esifundazweni esasisisha ngalesosikhathi sakwaZulu-Natali kodwa yahlulwa yi-ANC ekhethweni wango-2004. 

Ngo-2014, uJulius Malema, owayenguMongameli weQembu laBasha le-ANC, wasungula inhlangano yakhe, i-''Economic Freedom Fighters'' (EFF). Yafika ezingeni yokuba inhlangano entathu ngobukhulu esizweni ekhethweni wango-2024. u-Jacob Zuma, owayenguMongameli weNingizimu Afrika kusukela u-2009 kufikela ku-2018, wasungula inhlangano yoMkhonto weSizwe ngo-2023&lt;ref&gt;Sangweni, Khethukuthula. 2023, uZibandlela 27. OlukaZuma neMK luvukuze umlando we-ANC obuhlungu. ''Isolezwe''. https://www.isolezwe.co.za/izindaba/olukazuma-nemk-luvukuze-umlando-we-anc-obuhlungu-5f731014-9ea2-473b-93ff-443850f04d17&lt;/ref&gt; owandlula i-EFF ngenani lamavoti ekhethweni wango-2024.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;2024, uNhlangulana 24. IsiBizNews: Abavoti bayayichitha i-ANC ne-EFF: Funa uguquko lwangempela, hhayi uguquko oluqinile – John Endres. ''BizNews''.&lt;/bdi&gt; https://www.biznews.com/rational-perspective/abavoti-anc-eff-endres&lt;/ref&gt; Kusukela u-2024, i-MK iyinhlangano ephikisayo-ngokomthetho ngoba i-DA ingene emfelandawonyeni ne-ANC. Ngo-2024, iNhlangano yoMkhonto wesiZwe ithole amavoti andlula imihlangano yonke kwaZulu-Natali, kodwa ngenxa yokubumbana kwe-IFP, i-DA, ne-ANC, yavalelwa ngaphandle kwezibambo zokubusa kulesosifundazwe.

=== Imphoqelelo yomthetho ===
[[File:South african police may 2010.jpg|thumb|198x198px|iThimba lamaphoyisa [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]] ngo-2010. Bathwele ama-Vektor R5 ngezandla]]
Amaphoyisa waseNingizimu Afrika (isiNgisi: ''South African Police Service'') anomsebenzi wokuphoqelela umthetho esizweni nokuvikela umphakathi. Kuneziteshi eziyi-1,154 zamaphoyisa futhi kunabaqhashi emaphoyiseni abayi-150,950. Ngokuba abantu abazizwa baphephile ngenxa yobugebengu obuningi, iNingizimu Afrika inobalo lwezinkampani zokuphephisa olundlala izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Inani labantu abasebenzela lomkhakha undlula izigidi eziyi-2.5 (futhi, ngobuningi, bandlula amaphoyisa namajoni mabehlangene).

Kunobugebengu obuningi eNingizimu Afrika njengokudlwengula kanye nodlame wokuhlukumeza izingane nabesifazane: amaPhoyisa amemeza ukuthi abesifazane abayi-75,871 ngo-2023 kufika ku-2024 abathintwe udlame, ukudlwengula nokubulawa.&lt;ref&gt;Cowling, Natalie. 2024, Dec 30. Number of contact crimes committed against women in South Africa by type. ''Statista''.https://www.statista.com/statistics/1396527/number-of-contact-crimes-committed-against-women-in-south-africa-by-type/#statisticContainer&lt;/ref&gt; Kuvamile ukuthi abesifazane bahlukunyezwe ngabantu abesilisa ababaziyo.&lt;ref&gt;2022. Media Pack: First South African National Gender-Based Violence Study. ''Human Sciences Research Council''. https://hsrc.ac.za/media-pack-first-south-african-national-gender-based-violence-study-2022/&lt;/ref&gt; Futhi kunobunye ubugebengu njengzigameko zokudunwa nokutshontshwa kwezimoto&lt;ref&gt;Khumalo, X. 2023-08-16. [https://gagasiworld.co.za/kudla-lubi-ukudunwa-kwezimoto/ Kudla Lubi Ukudunwa Kwezimoto]. ''eGagasini FM''.&lt;/ref&gt;, ukuthunjwa kwabantu&lt;ref&gt;''[https://lite.scrolla.africa/izindaba/ziyanda-izigameko-zokuthunjwa-kwabantu-emzansi.html Ziyanda izigameko zokuthunjwa kwabantu eMzansi]''. Scrolls Data Lite.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Goldberg, L. 2025-05-13. [https://4akid.co.za/zu/blogs/parenting-advice/child-kidnappings-are-on-the-increase-in-sa-but-yet-no-recent-stats-are-available?srsltid=AfmBOooEqrLfOmZzhaJxCD0mTAaYtvriW8IRaD-LX_AlORRer3tgRiEP Ukuthunjwa kwezingane kuyanda eNingizimu Afrika, kodwa nokho azikho izibalo zakamuva ezitholakalayo]. ''4aKid.com''&lt;/ref&gt;, ukugqekeza ezindlini nasemahhovisini, nenkohlakalo ehulumendeni njengokutshontsha izimali zesizwe. OweyenguMengameli uJacob Zuma wasungula iKhomishini yokuHlola ukuThunjwa kweZwe ngo-2017 noCyril Ramaphosa wasungula iKhomishini yokuHlola ukuGxambukela nobuGebengu ezeMbangazweni ngo-2025 ngenxa yokujula nobubanzi kwenkohlakalo ebolisa uhulumeni.&lt;ref&gt;Dlomo, M. 2025-07-06. [https://ilanganews.co.za/bafuna-kuthathwe-izinyathelo-ngezinsolo-zikamkhwanazi/ Bafuna kuthathwe izinyathelo ngezinsolo zikaMkhwanazi]. ''Ilanga News''.&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Ubudlelwano nezinye izizwe ===
[[File:President Donald Trump meets with President of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa (54537776189) (cropped).jpg|thumb|221x221px|Umhlangano koMongameli [[IMelika|waseMelika]] [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]][[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika]], [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]]]
iNingizimu Afrika liyilunga yemihlangano yamazwe njeng[[IZizwe Ezihlangene|eZizwe Ezihlangeneyo]] (isiNgisi: ''United Nations''), iNhlangano yase Africa (isiNgisi: ''African Union''), i-BRICS (inhlangano ye[[IBrazili|Brazil]], [[iNdiya]], [[iShayina]], neNingizimu Afrika), iNhlangano yoMhlabawonke woHwebo (isiNgisi: ''World Trade Organisation''), iNkantolo yoMhlabawonke wobuGebengu (isiNgisi: ''International Criminal Court''), i-''Commonwealth of Nations'', iKomithi yoMhlabawonke wama-Olympics (isiNgisi: ''International Olympic Committee''), i-''Fédération Internationale de Football Association'' (i-FIFA), Inhlangano yoMhlabawonke yabaSebenzi (isiNgisi: ''International Labour Organisation''). Noma buthi ukubanda ubudlelwano n[[IMelika|eMelika]], iNingizimu Afrika isebenzisana futhi ihwebana nayo kakhulu kanye namanye amazwe ekuthiwa wase-&quot;Mpumalanga&quot; njengeNhlangano yase[[Yurobhu]] (ngesiNgisi: ''European Union'').

iNingizimu Afrika lidume ngaphesheya ngokukhulumela amalungelo wabantu abahluphekile. Ngo-2024, izamile ukusiza [[iYukreyini]] ne[[IRashiya|Rashiya]] zixoxisane ukuqeda imipi yabo. Ngo-2022, iNingizimu Afrika ivulele i-[[Isreyili|Israyeli]] icala eNkantolo yoMhlabawonke yobuLungiswa mayelana ukubhubhisa kwamaPalestini eGaza. iNingizimu Afrika ithumela amajoni ukuthi agcine ukuthula ezindaweni lapho kunempi yezakhamuzi khona njengase-DRC (isiNgisi: [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|''Democratic Republic of the Congo'']]), e[[IMozambiki|Mozambhiki]], eLesotho, e[[ISudan|Sudani]], nase[[IBhurundi|Bhurundi]]. Ngenxa yodlame nenhlupheko e[[IZimbabwe|Zimbabwe]], iNingizimu Afrika yamkele ababaleki. Futhi yamkele ababaleki ngobuningi abaqhamuke kwezinye izizwe ezinempi njenge[[ISomaliya|Somaliya]], [[Khongo-Kinshasa]], e[[IMozambiki|Mozambhiki]] nase[[ISudan|Sudani]]. 

=== Ezokuvikela ===
[[File:SAAF-Gripen-001 (cropped).jpg|thumb|211x211px|Indiza yokulwa, iSAAB Gripen yamaButho waseBhakabhakeni, ekhandwe [[ISwidi|eSwidi]]]]
umButho kaZwelonke oVikelayo waseNingizimu Afrika ([[isiNgisi]]: ''South African National Defence Force'') unikezwe umsebenzi wokuvikela amagcele waseNingizimu Afrika - yiwona wodwa wemibutho evumelekile ukuhloma. Lombutho unamagatsha amane: amaButho waseMhlabeni, waseLwandle, waseBhakabhakeni, nawezeMpilo. amaButho waseLwandle ahlome imikhumbi yempi eyi-44, njengemikhumbi enthathu yangaphansi kwamanzi. Namhlanje amaButho waseLwandle abhekane nokubamba abazingeli nabadwebi bezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zaselwandle ezivikeleliwe kanye nobunye ubugebengu elwandle. Futhi, ilwa namagcwelegcwele waselwandle eMozambhiki. amaButho waseMhlabeni asebenza e-Afrika ezindaweni ezibhekane nempi ukuthi zibenokuthula futhi bavikela imigcele yaseNingizimu Afrika. amaButho waseBhakabhakeni alwa kubhakabhaka lweNingizimu Afrika.

Kukhona izinkampani ezikhandela umButho waseNingizimu Afrika izikhali nenye impahla: iDenel, iMilkor, iParamount Group ne-Reutech Radar Systems. Uphinde uthenge izinto [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eMbusweni Ohlangeneyo]], [[IMelika|eMelika]], [[IJalimani|eJalimani]], [[IJaphani|eJapani]], [[ITaliya|eTaliya]] nase[[ISwidi|Swidi]]. Isabelomali somButho yizigidigidi eziyi-51.8 zamaRand ngoyaka ka-2024. Kunamajoni ahlangene ayi-71,235. iNduna yamaJoni Jikelele nguRudzani Maphwanya.

=== Izifundazwe ===
Kunezifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye. Zinesishayamthetho esikhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka eyihlanu kanye nePhalamende. Izifundazwe zineNdunakulu ekhethwa abalunga besishayamthetho. Indunankulu ikhetha abangqongqoshe bomiKhandlu yesiFundazwe yokuPhatha. Zonke izifundazwe zineNkomfa yeNkantolo ePhezulu yaseNingizimu Afrika ekudluliswa amacalo khona ngamphambe ukuthi adluliselwe eNkantolo yoMthehtosisekele nomaNkantolo ePhakeme Yokudlulisa Amacala.

Izifundazwe zinabomasipala abayi-205 bendawo futhi abayi-52 phezukwabo abesifunda. Kunamamasipala ayisishiyagalombili abanamandla wesifunda nendawo ekuthiwa ama-''metropolitan'' lapho kuhlala inani labantu eliningi khona: iGoli, eKapa, eThekwini, ePitoli, eKurhuleni, eNelson Mandela Bay, eBufallo City naseMangaung. Izifundanzwe yilezi ezilandelayo:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!isiFundazwe
!isiQonga sesiFundazwe
!iDolobha eliKhulu
!Ubungakho beNdawo (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
!iNani laBantu
|-
|iMpumalanga Kapa
|eBhisho
|eGqeberha
|168,966
|7,230,204
|-
|iFuleyisitata
|eBloemfontein
|eBloemfontein
|129,825
|2,964,412
|-
|eGoli
|eGoli
|eGoli
|18,178
|15,099,422
|-
|kwaZulu-Natali
|eMngungundlovu
|eThekwini
|94,361
|12,423,907
|-
|iLimpopo
|ePolokwane
|ePolokwane
|125,754
|6,572,720
|-
|iMpumalanga
|eMbombela
|eMbombela
|76,495
|5,143,324
|-
|iNyakatho-Ntshonalanga
|eMahikeng
|eKlerksdorp
|104,882
|3,804,548
|-
|iNyakatho Kapa
|eKimberley
|eKimberley
|372,889
|1,355,946
|-
|iNtshonalanga Kapa
|eKapa
|eKapa
|129,462
|7,433,01
|}

== Ezomnotho ==
[[File:Sandton.jpg|thumb|218x218px|iSandton, eGoli, indawo ecebile ukundlula izindawo zonke e-Afrika]]
iNingizimu Afrika inesimo somnotho osathuthuyako. e-Afrika yonke, iyona ethuthuke kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe ngomboni futhi inkulu uzindlula zonke: phezu kwezigidigidi eziyigidi eziyi-1.030 zamaDola ngokulinganisa amandla emali (isiNgisi: ''purchasing power parity'') noma izigidigidi eziyi-418 zamaDola ngobunjalo nje (isiNgisi: ''nominal'').&lt;ref&gt;World Bank. 2024, uMbasa. World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (South Africa). https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/ZAF&lt;/ref&gt; Umkhiqizo ohlukaniswe okwekhanda, undlula amazwe amaningi e-Afrika: phezu kwamaDola ayi-16,080 wamaDola. Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bacebe ukundlula izizwe zonke zase-Afrika: izigidigidi eziyi-650 zamaDola. 

iNingizimu Afrika ihwebana kakhulu namanye amazwe ase-Afrika, [[iShayina]], [[iMelika]], [[iJalimani]], [[iSpaniya]], n[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|oMbuso oHlangeneyo]]. iNingizimu Afrika ikhiqize insimbi njengegolide, iplatinamu, ipaladium, imanganese, ichrome, namalahle. iNingizimu Afrika ikhiqiza umbila, umoba, amazambane, iwayini, itiya yerooibos, namafutho wemifino, futhi imfuyo yezinkomo, izinkuku, izimvu nezimbuzi, iletha imali eningi. 
[[File:GariepDam.jpg|thumb|221x221px|iDonga neLwandle leDamu lasegariep. Livimbe amanzi womfula isaNgqu]]
Ngenxa yobuhle, isimo sezulu esimnandi, izindawo zokubona izinyamazane, ukudla okumnandi newayini edumile ngaphesheya, nokuthuthuka kwengqalasizinda, iNingizimu Afrika ivakashelwa ukundlula wonke amazwe ase-Afrika. Futhi inezindawo eziningi eziklomiswe ngokuba ifa elibalulekile emhlabeni wonke. iNingizimu Afrika inomkhakha womnotho wezemali othembekile kakhulu. i-Johannesburg Stock Exchange (lapho kuhwetshwa izibopho emali namasheya emankampanini) indlula amanye amamakethi e-Afrika ngobukhulu kwemali nangokuthuthuka. 

Ngemphoxeko alikho ilizwe emhlabeni elinobungalinga kwemali njengeNingizimu Afrika. Lesimo singenxa yobungalingani kwomholo, ukungasebenzi kwenani elinkulu labantu, nobumpofa oluthinta abantu abaningi. Kunabantu abandlula u-33% abangasebenzi noma u-44% ngencazelo eyandiswa.&lt;ref&gt;Institute for Economic Justice. 2023, ''uLwezi. Kungani iNingizimu Afrika idinga i-Universal Basic Income Guarantee''. https://www.iej.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/IEJ-UBIG-1-factsheet-isiZulu.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abangu-55%, baphila ngaphansi kwezinga lobumpofu bukazwelonke, futhi abantu abangu-25% basezingeni lobumpofu lokuba encupeni yokungadli okwanele. Kunzima ukuthi umnotho wenze usebenze olingene abantu bonke abafuna umsebenzi ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lemfundo, ubunzima bokusungula amabhizinisi nokutshala imali ngenxa yemigomo engakhuthazi ubuzisebenza. Futhi, isikhathi sobandlululo sishiye abaningi abansundu banganyo indlela olukuzithuthukisa, ngesibonelo, ngokulima ngoba bengenamhlaba.

=== Ingqalasizinda ===
[[File:Ekurhuleni Aerotropolis.jpg|thumb|219x219px|Isikhumula seziNdiza sikaOliver Reginald Tambo eKurhuleni, eGoli. Siyisikhumulo esizindlula zonke e-Afrika ngobukhulu]]
Ingqalasizinda yaseNingizimu Afrika ivame ukuba ncono ukundlula amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika kodwa akusho ukuthi konke kulungile. Kunemigwaqo engamakhilomitha ayi-754,600 eNingizimu Afrika, eseshumi emhlabeni wonke ngobude kodwa imiGwaqo eminingi inezigodi.&lt;ref&gt;Umnyango wesiKhwama sikaZwelonke. 2009. [https://www.treasury.gov.za/publications/igfr/2004/09.%20Chapter%208%20-%20Roads%20and%20Transport.pdf Isahluko 8: imiGwaqo nokuThuthakwabantu.]  Provincial Government Expenditure Review 2003/2004 to 2008/2009&lt;/ref&gt; Imigqa yezitimela indlula-30,000 amakhilomitha ngobude.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worlddata.info/africa/south-africa/transport.php Infrastructure and transport in South Africa]. World Data.&lt;/ref&gt; iNingizimu Afrika yilizwe lokuqala e-Afrika ukuba nesitimela esihamba ngokushesha: iGautrain eGoli. Imigqa yezitimela eminingi ingphantsi kweTransnet, inkampani yakahulumeni. Ngenxa yokushiswa kwezitimela, ukutshontshwa nokuphulwa kwemishini, nokuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okungalungiswa, izinga lengqalasizinda zezitimela zaseNingizimu Afrika luyawohloka. Izitimela zivame ukungcola, ukungaphephanga, nokungafiki ngesikhathi ngenxa yokungaphathwi kahle. Imikhakha eminingi emiphakathini nasemnothweni njengamamayini athembele ezitimeleleni ukuthutha impahla nabantu ngobuningi.
[[File:Gautrain..., O R Tambo Intl Airport South Africa.jpg|thumb|220x220px|isiTimela sikagautrain esisesitheshini esisemkhumulweni wezindiza kaOliver Reginald Tambo]]
iNingizimu Afrika ithembele emalahleni ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ikomothi yoGesi eyaziwa nge-Eskom yayisungulwe ngo1923. Ngokuzama ukukhuthaza izinkampani ezizimele ukuthi zingene emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ugesi ngezi-1999, uhulumeni uvimbe i-Eskom ukuthu ingakhi iziteshe zogesi ezintsha. Kodwa lokhu akusizanga. I-Eskom ibihluleka ukukhiqiza ugesi owanele ngenxa yokwanda ngokushesha kwezakhamuzi ezixhumakelwe nogesi emuva kwesikhathi sobandlululo lapho abelungu namabhizinisi kwakuyiwona wedwa ewathola ugesi. Ngoba imigqa yogesi yayidonsa nzima ukufikisa ugesi ebantwini bonke, umbuso unqamule izibopha ezivimbe i-Eskom ukuthi yakhe iziteshi zogesi. Ekuzameni ukwakha iziteshi zeMedupi neKusile, kwamoshakala imali, kwanda isikolodo kangangokuthi wawuncane ngendlela ephoxekisayo umkhiqizo wogesi. Ngenxa yalezizinkinga, kwasuka ukunciphiswa kwegesi ngesikhathi esihlelekile ngo-2007. Kusukela u-2024, isimo sithi ukuguquka ngenxa yokuqotshwa kweNgqongqoshe yoGesi omusha uKgosientso Ramkgopa. 

iNingizimu Afrika yilizwe lokuqala e-Afrika ukukhiqiza ugesi ngenuzi: kunesitheshi sogesi wenuzi eKapa, iKoeberg. iNingizimu Afrika enezikhumulo zezindiza zamazwewonke: i-OR Tambo neLanseriya eGoli, nenyeEkapa, iSilo uShaka eThekwini, neNkosi uDavide Stuurman eGqeberha. INingizimu Afrika inezikhumulo zezindiza ezi-401. Futhi inetheku elikhulu eThekwini eliwandlula wonke amazwe ase-Afrika ngokusinda kwempahla ethwalwa izikhumbi ezingena khona. Futhi kunezitheku zaseKapa, eGqeberha naseSaldanha lapho Umbutho woLwandle ugcina imikhumbi yempi khona. 

=== Isayensi nobuchwepheshe ===
[[File:Mark Shuttleworth NASA.jpg|thumb|233x233px|uMark Shuttleworth umdali weThawte ne-Ubuntu onguyena yedwa umNingizimu Afrika owagibela umKhumbi waseMkhathini wamaZwewonke]]
Kunokuhlakani nobuchwepheshe obuqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika olundlula okulindelwe nabantu abaningi. Emandulo kwakukhona abantu bomdabu eMpumalanga abakhe ikhalenda yamatshe eyokuqala yokuchaza iminyaka nesikhathi ekuthiwa yiNzalo yeLanga kusukela iminyaka eyi-75,000 kufika ku-200,000 ewandlule.&lt;ref&gt;[https://sahistory.org.za/place/adams-calendar-also-known-blaauwboschkraal-stone-ruins#:~:text=isiZulu%20elders%20call%20the%20site,ancient%20sites%20around%20the%20World. ADAMS CALENDAR also known as: 'Blaauwboschkraal Stone Ruins']. South African History.&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu baseMapungubwe eLimpopo baqambe impahla ngegolide kusukela iminyaka eyi-500 kufika ku1100 eyandlule.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nature-reserve.co.za/lost-civilization-mapungubwe-history.html#:~:text=Between%20AD%20900%2D%201300%20Mapungubwe,lived%20in%20isolation%20from%20them. History of the Lost Civilization of Mapungubwe]. Siyabonga Africa.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngemuva kokufika abelungu nokusuka wesikhathi sogesi, imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe yanda. Ngo-1882, iKimberley, eNyakatho Kapa yayidlobha lesibili emhlabeni ukukhanyisa imigwaqo ngemibani yogesi.&lt;ref&gt;2914, uNcaba 23. [https://www.kimberley.org.za/kimberley-city-firsts/ Kimberley: A City of Firsts]. Kimberley.org.za&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngo-1955, kuqalwe ukukhiqiza amafuthi emalahleni eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yobuchwepheshe baseSasol.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sasol.com/celebrating-our-heritage#:~:text=Through%20the%20Synthol%20process%2C%20in%20March%201955,its%20first%20petrol%20in%20its%20Synthol%20reactors.&amp;text=These%20reactors%20form%20the%20basis%20of%20the,crude%20feed%20stream%20for%20fuels%20and%20chemicals Celebrating Our Heritage]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Sasol.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1957, isayensi nesikhomba sokwakha umshini ohlola ubungaphakayi bomzimba womuntu, iCAT Scan, bewuqamuka eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yomsebenzi woSolwazi u-Allan Cormack.&lt;ref&gt;Tan, Yong Siang no Pool, Patricia Sims. 2020, uZibandlela 6. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7900806/ Allan MacLeod Cormack (1924–1998): Discoverer of computerised axial tomography]. ''Singapore Med''. National Library of Medicine.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1967 uChristiaan Barnard noHamilton Naki bebangabantu bokuqala bokwenza isihlinzelo esivulekile sokufaka inhliziyo yomuntu komunye umuntu ophilayo esibhedlele seGroote Schuur eKapa.&lt;ref&gt;Cooper, David KC .2018, uNhlangulana 18. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6062759/ Christiaan Barnard—The surgeon who dared: The story of the first human-to-human heart transplant] . ''Global Cardiology and Practice''. National Library of Medicine.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngezi-1980, iNingizimu Afrika yayilizwe lokuqala lase-Afrika ukwakha izikhali zenuzi.&lt;ref&gt;Albright, David. 1994, uNhlaba. [https://isis-online.org/publications/southafrica/ir0594.html South Africa's Secret Nuclear Weapons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602145408/https://isis-online.org/publications/southafrica/ir0594.html |date=2025-06-02 }}. ''ISIS Report''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1995, uMark Shuttleworth udale uhlelo lokuvimba ukuthwetshulwa kwamakhompiyutha ekuthiwa yi-Thawte.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~litwin/cours98/Doc-cours-clouds/WPCryptography2012_1209_EN.pdf History of Cryptography]. Thawte.&lt;/ref&gt; go-2004, uMark Shuttleworth wadala uhlelo lokulawula amakhompiyutha, Ubuntu, elisasetshenziswa nanamhlanje. 

I-Square Kilometre Array yiqoqo lwezibonakude ezisinikeza ukhono lokucwaninga izinkanyezi nezinye izizulane ezisemkhathini. Abasolwazi baseNyuvesi yaseKapa bafake isandla ekwakheni kwehlelo lokulawula amakhompiyutha e-''Large Hadron collider'', umshini eSwitzerlandi oshayisana izihlamvukazi zamatomi ukufunda imithetho ejulile yendalo. iNingizimu Afrika ithole inhlobo yesifo seCoronavirus i-Omicron kuqala ngo-2021. uSolwazi uMashudu Tshifularo waseNyuvesi yasePitoli uyena wokuqala emhlabeni wonke ukuphumelela ekufakeni kwethambo langaphakathi lwendlebe eliqanjwe ngokuphrinta kwezilinganiso ezintathu ngo-2019.

== Ezezibalo zabantu ==
[[File:South Africa single age population pyramid 2020.png|thumb|uGrafu oveza inani labesilisa nabesifazane ngeminyaka wango-2020]]
Kunenani labantu elindlula izigidi eziyi-64 eNingizimu Afrika, nokuminyana kwabantu abayi-51.8 ngesikhilomitha-skwele. Kunenani labantu abangangenanga ngokwomthetho abayizigidi ezinhlanu, kakhulu abantu baseZimbabwe. Kunabantu abansundu abangamaphesenti ayi-81, abelungu abangamaphesenti ayi-7.3, amaKhaladi abayi-8.2% namaNdiya ayi-2.7%. IsiZulu sincelwe ebeleni ngabantu abangamaphesenti ayi-24.4 (ukundlula izilimi zonke ngobuningi), isiXhosa silandela ngo-16.4% isiBhunu ngo-10.6%, nesiNgisi ngo-8.7%. Noma kunjalo, isiNgisi sitshenziswa emabhizinisini, nasezimfundisweni nasehulumendeni ukundlula izilimi zonke. 
[[File:South Africa 2011 population density map.svg|thumb|Ibalazwe laseNingizimu Afrika eliveza ukuminyana kwabantu. Ubunyama bombala buchaza ininani labantu abaningi abaminyene endaweni ethile]]
Inani labantu abandlula u-79%, bakholelwa ebuKhrestini, ukundlula inani lezinkolo zonke ezinye. ebuKhrestini kunamaZayoni abayi-11%, abaZalwane (amaPentekositi) abayi-8.2%, abaseRoma abayi-7.1%, amaWesile ayi-6.8% nabebandla laseNetherlands abayi-6.2%. AmaMuslimi, abantu abakholelwa esintwini kuphela nabaHindi bangango 1%. Kodwa, baningi abantu abahlanganisa ubuKhrestu nenkolo yomdabu njengamasiko akubo. AmaMuslimi avema ukuba amaKhaladi waseKapa (ama-''Cape Malay'') namaNdiya. Kukhona nomphakathi omncane wamaJuda.

=== Ezemfundo ===
[[File:UCT Upper Campus landscape view.jpg|thumb|Ikhampasi ephezulu yeNyuvesi yaseKapa]]
Ngowezi-2025 kwakunabantu abadala abangamaphesenti ngama-95% abakwazi ukufunda. Ingeyesibili enamazinga wemfundo aphezulu e-Afrika, ilandela iSeychelles.&lt;ref&gt;https://mg.co.za/education/2025-04-29-south-africa-has-second-highest-rate-of-literate-adults-in-africa/&lt;/ref&gt; INingizimu Afrika inohlelo lwezemfundo olunamazinga amathathu: olokuqala ngezikole zamabangaphansi kulandele izikole zamabangaphezulu (ezingaphansi kweminyango yezifundo yezifundazwe), kugcine imfundo ephakeme yamanyuvesi namakolishi. iNingizimu Afrika isezingeni eliphansi ngezemfundo emhlabeni malulinganiswa namanye amazwe ngezizathu ezimbalwa:

* Imaki lokuphasa esikoleni ngu-30%
* Abantu abaningi abaphasi ngo-Bachelor, oludingekayo ukuqhubeka ukufunda emanyuvesini
* Ngu-50% wezingane eziqala isikole ezizophasa umatekuletsheni
* Inani labafundi abasebangeni llesishiyagalolunye abakwazi ukufunda noma ukubala okufanelwe iminyaka yabo
* Ngoba esikhathini sobandlululo, umbuso wavimba amathuba amaningi wokufunda nokuqeqeshwa, awukho umkhuba wokufunda emiphakathini eminingi
* Kunodlame, izidakamiswa nokuswela imithombo nengqalasizinda ezikoleni eziningi ezenza ukufunda kubenzima.

Kungakho, abazali abakhonayo ngokwemali bamikisa Izingane zabo ema-''Model C'' (izikole ezagcinelwa abelungu esikhathini sobandlululo) nomaezikolweni ezizimele. Ngoba abaningi Abantu abampofu abanayo imali enele ukumikisa Izingane zabo kulezikole, Izingane zabo ezifunda ezikoleni zikahulumeni zisala emuva. Lokuhlukana emizingeni emibilo yokufunda, yenza ukuthi kubenzima ukuthi abantwana abaqhamuka emakhazeni abampofu ukuthi baphumelele ezinfundweni eziphezulu. Uhulumeni uzamile ukulinganisa amathuba ngezinhlelo nemingqubomgomo ehlukene njengokunikeza abantwana amampofu imifundaze phecelezi i-NSFAS (isiNgisi: ''National Student Financial Aid Scheme'') namanye amaqhinga. 

Amanyuvesi aseNingizimu Afrika ahloniphekile e-Afrika nasemhlabeni wonke ngokukhiqiza izinga locwaningo nokufundisa olulingana namazwe asesingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. Amanyuvesi adulime yilawa: iNyuvesi yaseKapa, iNyuvesi yaseWitwatersrand, iNyuvesi yaseStellenbosch, iNyuvesi yaseGoli, [[INyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali|iNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali]], neNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika. INyuvesi yaseFort Hare ikhiqize abaholi abaningi bezepolitiki njengo-[[Nelson Mandela]] owayenguMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika, [[Robert Mugabe|uRobert Mugabe]] owayenguMongameli wase[[Zimbabwe]], uSeretse Khama owayenguMongameli wase[[Butswana]], uJulius Nyerere owayenguMongameli wase[[IThanzaniya|Thanzaniya]], no-[[Oliver Tambo]] owayenguMongameli we-[[African National Congress|ANC]].

=== Ezempilo ===
[[File:Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital entrance.jpg|thumb|Isibhedlela sikaChris Hani Baragwanath esikhulu uzindlula zonke eNingizimu Afrika futhi kufundiswa amadokotela lana]]
Owesilisa uvame ukuphila iminyaka eyi-59.3, owesimame uvame ukuphila iminyaka eyi-64.4 kodwa abantu abansundu nabantu abampofu bavame ukuphila isikhathi esifushane ukundlula abelungu nabantu abacebile, futhi umehluko mukhulu.&lt;ref&gt;Frye, Isabel. 2023. The unequal face of death. Social Policy Initiative. https://www.spi.net.za/the-unequal-face-of-death-in-south-africa/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619130137/https://www.spi.net.za/the-unequal-face-of-death-in-south-africa/ |date=2025-06-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuvame ukushona Izingane ezincane eziyi-24 ngenkulungwane yabantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;People of South Africa. Gov.za. https://www.gov.za/about-sa/people-south-africa#:~:text=Life%20expectancy%20at%20birth%20for,per%201%20000%20live%20births/&lt;/ref&gt; Kunabantu abayi-13.5% abaphila nesifo sengculazi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Inani labo liyaphunguleka ngenxa yokumbatha ijazi lomkhwenyana ecansini nokuphuza imishanguzo ecindezela legciwane egazini.&lt;ref&gt;Mjoli, Phili. 2023, uZibandlela 24. Kusemnyama ngekhambi lokuqeda ingculazi. ''Isolezwe''. https://www.isolezwe.co.za/impilo-yabantu/ezempilo/kusemnyama-ngekhambi-lokuqeda-ingculazi-dfed1466-41d9-4269-afe9-1fc3851c49d5&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ukungalingani kobude bempilo ngaphakathi kwabacebile nabampofu kungenxa yokuthi uhulumeni ukhokhela bonke abantu abampofu ngemali yentelo kodwa lemali kufanele ufeze izidingo zabantu abayi-84% kodwa abantu abancono ngesimo semali (u-16% wabantu) bakhona ukukhokhela izinsizo zempilo, ukuze bakhone ukuhambela izibhedlela ezizimele lapho izinga lokuphathwa lindlula izibhedlela zikahulumeni. Futhi, ngokwanda kwemali, umuntu ukwazi ukuhlala endaweni ephephile, ukuthola usizo ngokushesha, ukudla ukudla okuphilisayo, nokudela izingozi ezehlela abantu abahlupekayo. 

Kungakho uhulumeni we-ANC uzama ukuvusa i-NHI (iNtshulensi yezeMpilo lakaZwelonke) ukuze uhulumeni kuhlinzekelwe izinga elinganayo lezempilo kubonke abantu. Kodwa baningi abangavumi ngoba iNingizimu Afrika ayinabo abantu  abalaphayo abanele inani labantu (0.3 wamadokotela ngenkulungwane yabantu, ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 yamadokotela ngenkulungwane yabantu ephakanyiswa uMhlangano woMhlabawonke wezeMpilo). Futhi, kuzofuneka ukuthi imali yentelo ekhokelwayo ngabambalwa abasebenzayo ikhuphuke kakhulu. Nokuthi umkhakha wezibhedlela elizimele awunayo imibhede elingene abantu bonke baseMzansi. Okwamanje i-NHI ayikakabikhona.

== Ezamasiko nobuciko ==

=== Ezomculo ===
Imiculo yamapiano, ikwaito nesipantsula idalwe eGoli. Imiculo yeGqom, iMaskandi, iMbaqanga nesiCathamiya iqhamuka kwaZulu. Abantu balalela umnculo omunye ohlukile njengehouse, iHip-Hop, iclassical, ipop, igospel nezinye. Kunabaculi abadumile abaqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika njengeLadysmith Black Mambaso eyaklomiswa ngeGrammy Award kabili (besicathamiya), uBrenda Fassie, uYvonne Chaka-Chaka noLeleti Mbuli (bepop), Hotstix Mabuza, uMiriam Makeba noweyengumyeni wakhe uHugh Masekela (bejazz), amaHotella Queens (bembaqanga), iHhashi eliMhlophe (wemaskandi), iSoweto Gospel Choir eyaklomiswa ngeGrammy Award, iJoyous Celebration neSpirit of Praise (begospel), uMbongeni Ngema (owayenza umculo wamamuvi njenge-''Lion King'' owaklomiswa nge-Academy Award, neSarafina). Kukhona nabaculi babelungu njengoKurt Darren (womculo wesiBhunu) Fokofpolisiekar (bomculo werock), ne-Die Antwoord (be-Hip-Hop yesiBhunu). Izikhungo zokufundisa umcule ezidumile yiKolishi yaseNingizimu Afrika yoMculo (yaseNyuvesi yaseKapa), namanye amanyuvesi. 

=== Ezokungcebeleka ===
[[File:SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg|thumb|Iisiqongo se-SABC. Ngasenxele kubonakala amatshaneli kamabonakude ]]
iNingizimu Afrika inomkhakha wamamuvi, yezinhlelo zikamabonakude nokujabulisa othuthukile futhi ohloniphekile e-Afrika nangaphesheya. Amamuvi enzwe eNingizimu Afrika aklomiswe ama-Academy Award (phecelezi ama-Oscar) ngo-''Tsotsi'', no-''My Octopus Teacher.'' Ezacishe zaklomiswa ngo-''Yesterday'', ''Old Righteous Blues'', ne-''Last Ranger''. Kukhona amanye amamuvi adumile njenge-''District Nine'', ''The Gods Must Be Crazy'', ''Jerusalema'', ''Oh Schucks.... It's Schuster!'', ''Mama Jack'', Sarafina!, ''White Wedding'', ''How to Ruin Christmas'', ''iNxeba'' (eyacindezelwa nguhuhulumeni ngenxa yokuveza isiko lokusoka [[AmaXhosa|lwamaXhosa]] kanye nobudlewane labesilisa abathandanayo). 

Futhi kunezinhlelo zamabonakude ezidumile njenge-''Shaka Zulu'' (kudlala uHenry Cele, eyayenzwa kabusha ngegama lika-''Shaka iLembe''), ''Velaphi'', ''eMzini weziNtsizwa'', ''Generations'' (owayenza kabusha ngegama lika-''Generations: the Legacy''), ''Skeem Saam'', ''Scandal'', ''The River'', ''Isidingo'', ''Uzalo'', ''The Queen'', ''Blood and Water'', ''Kings of Joburg''. Kwakunohlelo lwabantwana kamabonakude njengo-''Yo TV! Land'', ''Hectic Nine9.'' Kunezinhlelo ezilandela izimpilo zabantu, ifashini, noma ezikhombisa ukuncintisana njenge-''Friends Like These'', ''Selimathunzi'' nezinye. I-South African Broadcasting Corporation iyinkampani kahulumeni elimandla amakhulu ngokubanamatshaneli kamabonakude nomsakazo njenge SABC1, 2 no-3, SABC News, SABC Sport, uKhozi FM, Umhlobo weNene, neLesedi FM. Isiphathamandla esiziMele zokuXhumana saseNingizimu Afrika silawula imigqubomgomo nemibandela elawula umkhakha wamabonakude, umsakazo nentanethi.

=== Ezobuciko ===
[[File:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|236x236px|Uzindlu zamaNdebele ezimabalabala]]
Ubuciko njengokuzihlobisa noma ukuhlobisa izindawo zokuhlala yinxenye yesiko elimnqoka ebantwini baseNingizimu Afrika ngoba luveza ubutho bomuntu nomphakathi futhi unikeza abantu yokuziveza uqobo. AmaNdelele adumile ngokudweba izithombe zemibala ezindlini zabo, nokumbatha ubucwebe bensimbi. Ama-Khoi San wayedweba izithombe emihumeni. AbaNguni, amaKhoi-San, nabaTswana baziwa nokumbatha izikhumba zezilwane nobucwebe bobuhlalu. AmaTsonga namaVenda banomlando omude wokuthunga izingubo ngokotini (olwaziwa ngelimi lakubo nge-''mpela ya swinwela''). Kusukela izi-1800, kunezindwangu ezazivela njenge-''Seshweshwe'' samaTswana, amaPedi nabeSuthu, ingubo ye-''Seanamarena'', kanye nom-''Bhaco'' wamaXhosa. Kunezakhiwo eziphakeme zokukhombiswa ubuciko nezithombe eNingizimu Afrika njenge-Zeits Museum of Contemporary Art, Iziko South African National Gallery, ne-Johannesburg Art Museum

=== Ezobucikomazwi ===
[[File:John L Dube 001.jpg|thumb|228x228px|u[[John Langalibalele Dube]] owasingula iphephazindaba ''iLanga lase Natali'', owabhala incwadi ''iNsila kaShaka'', nowungubaba we-''African National Congress'', futhi wasungula isikole sasOhlange]]
Ukubhala akuveli ngokomdabu eNingizimu Afrika ngoba abantu bomdabu bebandlulisa umlando ngokukhuluma. Kodwa makufika abahwebi nezithunywa zevangeli kwaqala ukubhalwa ngokuhumusha iBhayibheli elwimini lwesintu. Lokhu kuqale isiko sokubhala izincwadi. Ababhali abadumile ngo-Steve Bantu Biko (umholi weBlack Consciousness Movement odume ngokubhala u-''I Write What I Like''), uNelson Mandela (owabhala umlando wempilo yakhe nokumelana nobandlululo u-''Long Walk to Freedom''), uSolomon Plaatjie (owabhala u-''Mhudi'': ''An Epic of South African Native Life a Hundred Years Ago''), uJohn Langalibalele Dube (ubaba we-ANC, owabhala ''iNsila kaShaka''), Athol Fugard (owabhala u-''Cry, my Beloved Country''), Nadine Gordimer (owaklomiswa i-''Nobel Prize in Literature''), Alan Paton (owabhala imidlalo), uMazisi Kunene (umbhali wezinkondlo).

=== Izinsuku zomphakathi zokuguba okuthile ===

* 1 uMasingana: uSuku lokuGuba ukuQalwa kwoNyaka oMusha.
* Ngo-Ndasa kufika kuMbasa: uLwesihlanu oMuhle oguba ukuqala kwePasika, ilanga lokuhlatshwa kukaJesu Khrestu. 
* Usonto olulandela uLwesihlanu oMuhle: uSuku wemiNdeni, ogujwa ngenxa yokuvuka kukaJesu Khrestu kwabafileyo
* 21 uNdasa: uSuku lokuGuba amaLungelo waBantu. Luyisikhumbuzo lwokubhubhiswa kwabantu baseSharpeville ngenxa yokushisa ama-dompass.
* 27 uMbasa: uSuku lokuGuba iNkukuleko. Luyisikhumbuzo lokhetho wokuqala wentandoyeningi lapho abansundu bavumelekile ukuvota.
* 1 uNhlaba: uSuku lokuGuba abaSebenzi.
* 9 uNcwaba: uSuku lokuGuba abesiFazane. Luyisikhumbuzo sabesifazane benhlangano iBlack Sash abahambale eZakhiweni zeNyunyana ukumelana nobandlululo okwehlanga
* 24 uMandulo: uSuku lokuGuba amaSiko. Luyisikhumbuzo sokushona kweSilo samaBandla uShaka kaSenzangakhona Zulu
* 16 uZibandlela: uSuku lokuGuba ukuBuyiselana. Kwakuwusuku wokuguba ukunqoba kwamaBhunu empini yaseNcome
* 25 uZibandlela: uKhesimusi. Kugujwa ukuzalwa kukaJesu Khrestu.

=== Izimpawu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Uhlu lwezimpawu
!Uphawu
!Isithombe
!Igama
|-
|iNyoni
|[[File:2 Blue crane and the International Crane Foundation in Baraboo, Wisconsin.jpg|frameless|181x181px]]
|iNdwe (''Blue Crane'')
|-
|iNyamazane
|[[File:Antidorcas marsupialis, male (Etosha, 2012).jpg|frameless|182x182px]]
|iMpunzi (''Springbok'')
|-
|uMuthi
|[[File:Podocarpus latifolius - Cape Town - 3.JPG|frameless|180x180px]]
|umSonti (''Yellowwood'')
|-
|iNhlanzi
|[[File:Galjoen (Dichistius capensis).jpg|frameless|179x179px]]
|iDamba (''Galjoen'')
|-
|iMbali
|[[File:Protéa royale à Stellenbosch (Afrique du Sud).jpg|frameless|178x178px]]
|isiQalaba (''King Protea'')
|}

== Imithombo ==
{{Commonscat|South Africa}}
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[[Category:Amazwe]]
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  |&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Republiek&amp;nbsp;van&amp;nbsp;Suid-Afrika&amp;nbsp;([[isiBhunu]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Republic&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;South&amp;nbsp;Africa&amp;nbsp;([[isiNgisi]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;iRiphabliki&amp;nbsp;yeSewula&amp;nbsp;Afrika&amp;nbsp;([[isiNdebele]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;iRiphabliki&amp;nbsp;yomZantsi&amp;nbsp;Afrika&amp;nbsp;([[isiXhosa]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;iRiphabhulikhi&amp;nbsp;yeNingizimu&amp;nbsp;Afrika&amp;nbsp;([[isiSwazi]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Repabliki&amp;nbsp;ya&amp;nbsp;Afrika-Borwa&amp;nbsp;([[isiSuthu sasenyakatho|isiPedi]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Rephaboliki&amp;nbsp;ya&amp;nbsp;Afrika&amp;nbsp;Borwa&amp;nbsp;([[isiSuthu]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Rephaboliki&amp;nbsp;ya&amp;nbsp;Aforika&amp;nbsp;Borwa&amp;nbsp;([[isiTswana]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Riphabliki&amp;nbsp;ra&amp;nbsp;Afrika&amp;nbsp;Dzonga&amp;nbsp;([[isiTsonga]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Riphabuḽiki&amp;nbsp;ya&amp;nbsp;Afurika&amp;nbsp;Tshipembe&amp;nbsp;([[isiVenda]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''''(banke basemthethweni)'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/theconstitution/zulu.htm|title=The Constitution in Zulu|publisher=Constitutional Court of South Africa|accessdate=3 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;}}
|igama_imvelo
=''uMzansi'' &lt;small&gt;(IsiZulu)&lt;/small&gt;
|ifulegi
=Flag of South Africa.svg
|image_coat
= Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg
|isaga
=''!ke e: /xarra //ke'' ([[/Xam]], Diverse people unite or Unity in Diversity)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.saembassy.org/coatofarms.htm|title=Embassy of the Republic of South Africa in Washington D.C. - South Africa's Coat of Arms|accessdate=2006-08-27|archive-date=2011-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527061324/http://www.saembassy.org/coatofarms.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|inkondlo_wesizwe
=[[File:&quot;Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika&quot; sung by Sol T. Plaatje in October 1923.mp3|&quot;Nkosi_Sikelel'_iAfrika&quot;_sung_by_Sol_T._Plaatje_in_October_1923]] || &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;[[File:South Africa National Anthem.ogg]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ibalazwe
=South Africa (orthographic projection).svg
|isiqongo
= [[IPitoli]]
|latd
 =
|latm
= 
|latNS
 =
|longd
= 
|longm
 =
|longEW
=
|idolobha_elikhulu
=[[IGoli]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html |title=Principal Agglomerations of the World |publisher=Citypopulation.de |accessdate=30 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|abantu
=[[abAfrika baseningizimu]]
|uhlobo_kohulumeni
=[[iRiphabhuliki wephalamende]] [[womthethosisekelo]]
|umongameli_isithakazo1
=[[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|Umengameli]]
|umongameli_igama1
=[[Cyril Ramaphosa|Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa]]
|umongameli_isithakazo2
=[[Umongameli isekela waseNingizimu Afrika|Isekela likamengameli]]
|umongameli_igama2
=[[Paul Mashatile]]
|umongameli_isithakazo3
=[[Usihlalo weNCOP]]
|umongameli_igama3
=[[Refilwe Mtsweni-Tsipane]]
|umongameli_isithakazo4
=[[Isikhulumi sephalamende]]
|umongameli_igama4
=[[Thoko Didiza]]
|umongameli_isithakazo5
=[[Chief Justice of South Africa|Chief Justice]]
|umongameli_igama5
=Mogoeng Mogoeng
|ubedala_isehlakalo1
=[[Union of South Africa|Union]]
|usuku_isehlakalo1
=31 ngoNhlaba 1910
|ubedala_isehlakalo2
=[[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]]
|usuku_isehlakalo2
=11 ngoZibandlela 1931
|ubedala_isehlakalo3
=[[South African referendum, 1960|Republic]]
|usuku_isehlakalo3
= 31 ngoNhlaba 1961
|ubedala_isehlakalo4
 =
|usuku_isehlakalo4
=
|ubukhulu_sq_mi
=471,443
|ubukhulu_km2
=1,221,037
|ubukhulu_ukuma
=25
|iphesenti_amanzi
=Ayakhohlwakala
|izilimi
=isiZulu, IsiXhosa, IsiPedi, IsiSotho, IsiVenda, IsiTsonga, Swati, IsiTswana, IsiNgisi, IsiNdebele ne Sign language 
|[[IsiZulu]]
|[[IsiVenda]]
|[[IsiXhosa]]
|[[IsiBhunu]]
|[[IsiNgisi]]
|[[IsiSotho]]
|[[IsiPedi]]
|[[IsiTswana]]
|[[IsiNdebele]]
|[[IsiTsonga]]
|[[IsiSwati]] 
|[[Sign language]]
  |[[isiBhunu]]
  |[[isiNgisi]]
  |[[isiNdebele]]
  |[[isiSuthu sasenyakatho|isiSuthu sasenyakatho (isiPedi)]]
  |[[isiSuthu]]
  |[[isiSwazi]]
  |[[isiTsonga]]
  |[[isiTswana]]
  |[[isiVenda]]
  |[[isiXhosa]]
  |[[isiZulu]]
  |[[ulimi lwezandla]]
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa
=50,586,757&lt;ref name=&quot;statssa-midyear2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=statssa-midyear2011&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022011.pdf|title=Mid-year population estimates 2011|publisher=Statistics South Africa|year=2011|accessdate=30 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census2001&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/default.asp |title=Census 2001 |publisher=Statssa.gov.za |date=10 October 2001 |accessdate=30 October 2011 |archive-date=12 December 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212080936/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/default.asp |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma
=24
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka
=2011&lt;ref name=StatsSAPopulation2010&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022010.pdf|title=Midyear population estimates: 2010|publisher=Statistics South Africa|accessdate=23 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|inani_labantu_uhlolovo
=44,819,778&lt;ref&gt;http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/default.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212080936/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/default.asp |date=2005-12-12 }} | Census 2001 at a glance | Statistics South Africa | 7 July 2008&lt;/ref&gt;
|inani_labantu_uhlolovo_inyaka
=2001
|ixuku_labantu_km2
= 41.4
|ixuku_labantu_sq_mi
 =
|ixugu_labantu_ukuma
=169
|imali
=[[iRandi]] (RSA)
}}
[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|iNingizimu Afrika]] (ngokomthetho '''iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''', ngokwesijwayelekile '''uMzansi'''), iyilizwe eningizimu le-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]. iNingizimu Afrika inemigcele namazwe ayisithupha: [[iButswana]] ne[[IZimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] ngasenyakatho, [[iMozambiki]] ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga, [[Eswatini|eSwazini]] ngasempumalanga, [[INamibhiya]] ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga. iNingizimu Afrika izungeze [[iLesotho]]. Futhi, inemigu yolwandle emibili: enye elwandlekazini yaseNdiya nenye ngaselwandlekazini yase-Atlantiki ezihlangana [[eKapa]].

Kunokuhluka kwabantu ngokwelimi, kwehlanga nakwenkolo okuningi. Kunezilimi eziyishumi nambili ngokomthetho: [[isiZulu]], [[isiNgisi]], [[isiBhunu]], [[isiTswana]], [[isiTsonga]], [[isiVenda]], [[IsiSuthu sasenyakatho|isiSuthu saseNyakatho]] (esaziwa ngokujwayelekile ngesiPedi) ne[[IsiSuthu|siSuthu saseNingizimu]], [[isiNdebele saseNingizimu]], [[isiSwazi]], [[isiXhosa]] nokuphawula ngezandla. Futhi kunabantu bomdabu abangama-Khoi-San. Kunezinhlanga ezine zabantu: [[Abantu abansundu|abaNsundu]], [[abeLungu]], [[amaNdiya]] n[[amaKhaladi]] (inhlobo yabantu elihlanganisa abantu base[[Malaysia]], abantubomdabu, nabeLungu). Kukhonzwa izinkolo eziningi njengenkolo yomdabu, ubuKhrestu (elindlula ezinkolo ngenani labalandeli bayo), i-Islamu, isiHindu nesiJuda.

Ezombangazwe zilawulwa [[UMthetho-sisekelo WaseNingizimu Afrika|nguMthethosisekelo]]. uMthethosisekelo uqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo ayahlonishwa nokuthi bonke abantu baphathwa ngokulingana. uHulumeni unamagatsha amathathu ahlolanayo ukuthi angahluli amanye: isishayamthetho ([[IPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika|iPhalamende]] ekhethwa ngabantu bonke abakhulile), igatsho lokuphatha (uMkhandlu wokuPhatha kaZwelonke), negatsha lobulungiswa ([[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo]] nezinyi izinkantolo). Lelizwe lihlanganisa izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye: [[iNtshonalanga Kapa]], [[iMpumalanga Kapa]], [[iNyakatho Kapa]], [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]], [[iFuleyisitata]], [[iNyakatho-Ntshonalanga]], [[iLimpopo]], [[IKwaZulu-Natali|kwaZulu-Natali]] [[IMpumalanga|neMpumalanga]]. Ineziqonga ezintathu: [[iPitoli]], [[IKapa|eKapa]] nase[[IBloemfontein|Bloemfontein]]. Idolobha elunkulu kunazonke lus[[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]].

Kwasukela iminyaka eyi-100,000 eyandlule, kwakuhlala amaKhoi-Sani ebaphila ngokuzulazula, ukuzingela izinyamazane nokuqoqa izitshalo zasehlathini. Kusukela iminyaka eyi-3000 eyandlule, kwaqala ukufika abantu basePhakathi Afrika abafuyayo, abalimayo, futhi abaqamba izinto nge[[Insimbi|nsimbi]]. Bafudukele eNingizimu Afrika ngamaqembu alandelanayo. Bahlangana namaKhoi-Sani, baganana, bazalelana izingane. Abazukulu babo yibona ekuthiwa ngabantu abaNsundu ebayikhulu lenani labantu abahlala eNingizimu Afrika namhlanje. Ngo-1664, kwafika abantu baseNtshonalanga [[Yurobhu]] (namhlanje baziwa ngokuthi abeLungu). 

Bahlasela, bacindezela, futhi bahlukanisa abantu bomdabu ezindaweni ezithile futhi baphuca izizwe zabantu abaNsundu amandla okuzibusa nokuzimela. Futhi, basungula umbuso wobandululo okwehlanga kusukela u-1948 makungena i-National Party embusweni. Ngenxa yomzabalazo oludonswe phambili nge-[[African National Congress]] namanye amaqembu wabantu abansundu, nangemphoqo yamanye amazwe wangaphesheya (kakhulu wase-Afrika), umbuso wabeLungu wanikela amandla okubusa ngo-1994. Manje, iNingizimu Afrika ibuswa ngentandoyeningi kodwa kusekhona izinkinga: njengokungalingani ngemali ngaphakathi kwabantu bezihlanga ezihlukene, udlame ngenxa yobugebengu, nobumpofu nobungabi nomsebenzi. Noma kunjalo, iNingizimu Afrika inothile ukundlula amazwe wonke wase-Afrika. Ihloniphekile ngaphesheya ngenxa yokumela amalungelo wabantu abacindezelwayo nokukhutaza ukusebenzisana kamazwe.

== Igama ==
Kusetshenziswa amagama ambalwa akubiza iNingizimu Afrika. &quot;IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika&quot; iyigama elide ngokoMthethosisekelo. Kodwa kunabafundi besiZulu abathu igama likaRiphabhuliki liguqulwe kuMbusobala. Kusetshenziswa igama elifushane likaMzansi (igama lesiXhosa lasemthethweni). Ngenxa yokumbumbanan kwezihlanga ezahlukile emuva kwesikhathi sobandlululo, abantu balubiza &quot;''Rainbow Nation''&quot; (Iziswe Sokwethingo). Kunabantu abafunda ukuchitha amagama onke aqondene nekolonializimu. Ngakho ke bafuma lelilizwe libizwe &quot;''Azania''&quot;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Uhlu wamagama weNingizimu Afrika ngemilimi esemthethweni
!Ulwimi
!Igama elifushane
!Igama ngokomthetho
|-
|isiBhunu
|''Suid-Afrika''
|''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''
|-
|isiNgisi
|''South Africa''
|''Republic of South Africa''
|-
|isiSuthu saseNingizimu
|''Afrika Borwa''
|''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''
|-
|isiSuthu saseNyakatho
|''Afrika-Borwa''
|''Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa''
|-
|isiSwazi
|''iNingizimu-Afrika''
|''iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika''
|-
|isiTsonga
|''Afrika Dzonga''
|''Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga''
|-
|isiTswana
|''Aforika Borwa''
|''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''
|-
|isiVenda
|''Afurika Tshipembe''
|''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe''
|-
|isiXhosa
|''uMzantsi Afrika''
|''iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika''
|}

== uHulumeni ==

=== Ezokubusa ===
[[File:Prime Minister Sunak met with President Ramaphosa of South Africa in Number 10 - 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|191x191px|[[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika]], uMnm [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]]]
uHulumeni unamagatsha amathathu anikezwe amandla angafani ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuzohlala kubuswa [[Umbuso wabantu|ngentandoyeningi]] eNingizimu Afrika:

* Isishayamthetho: [[iPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika]] linezindlu ezimbili: [[ISishayamthetho sikaZwelonke|isiGunga sikaZwelonke]] (indlu engaphansi) n[[UMkhandlu kaZwelonke weziFundazwe|oMkhandlu kaZwelonkwe weziFundazwe]] (indlu engaphezulu)
* Igatsha lokuphatha: [[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu]] Afrika noMkhandlu kaZwelonke wokuPhatha
* Igatsha lobulungiswa: [[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika]], [[INkantolo ePhakeme yokuDlulisa amaCala laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo ePhakeme yokuDlulisa amaCala]] nezinye izinkantolo

uMongameli uyinloko yombuso nenhloko yoMkhandlu kaZwelonke wokuPhatha. uMongameli uqoka aboNgqongqoshe abahola iminyango kahulumeni. uMongameli unamandla okwamkela noma ukubiyisa imithethosivivinywa ePhalamende. uMongameli ungumkhuzi omkhulu woMbutho wokuVikela waseNingizimu Afrika futhi umela ilizwe lonke ekwakheni ubudlelwane nezinye izizwe. uMongameli ukhethwa iningi lenani lwamalunga wesiGunga sikaZwelonke. Ohleli esikhundleni manje ngu-Cyril Ramaphosa owakhethwa ngo-2019 nango-2024. Akuvumelekanga ukuthi uMongameli ahlale ukundlula izikhathi ezimbili esikhundleni. uMongameli kufanele aqoka amalunga wePhalamende ukuba abangqongqoshe kodwa kuvumelekile akuthi akhethe abantu ababili ukuthi babengabangqogqoshe.

Makundlula iminyaka eyinhlanu, izakhamuzi zikhetha imihlangano zezombangazwe ukuthi zibamele esiGungeni sikaZwelonke naseziShayamthethweni zeziFundazwe. Imihlangano inikeza iKhomishini eziMele yoKhetho izihlu zamalunga afuna ukuthi bayimele esiGungeni naseziShayamthethweni. iKhomishini eziMele yoKhetho izonikeza imihlangano izihlalo esiGungeni naseziShayamthethweni ngobuningi bamavoti abawatholile ekhethweni. Amalunga anikezwa izihlalo ngokulandelana ezinhlwini ezazinikezwe iKhomishini. Kuvumelekile ukuthi inhlangano ikhiphe amalunga ahleli ngaphansi kwegama layo. Izifundazwe zinikezwe izihlalo ezilinganayo eMkhandlwini kaZwelonke weziFundazwe. Amalunga ayo akhethwa iziShayamthetho. Imihlangano inikezwa izihlalo eMkhandlwini ngobuningi bamalunga abanawo esiShayathethweni wesiFundazwe esithile. IsiGunga sikaZwelonke sinamandla okushaya imithetho ngadaba noma luphi endlula uMkhandlu kaZwelonke weziFundazwe — ngoba umsebenzi wayo uqondane kakhulu nezindaba zolwimi, amasiko nemiphakathi. 

uMthethosisekelo ungumthetho ophakeme kuyonke imithetho. iPhalamende inamandla okushaya nomayimuphi umthetho ohambisana nayo. iziNkantolo zegatsha yobulungiswa zinamandla okuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imithetho iyalendelwa. iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo inamandla okuchitha noma yimuphi umthetho ongahambisani nomthethosisekelo. Ezinye izinkantolo zihlulela ukuphikisana ngaphathi kwabantu nezinhlangano futhi zihlulela amacala womthetho wobugebengu. Izinkantolo zinamandla okugweba abantu amacala nokubabophisa ukuze kubenokulungiswa nokuxola ezweni. Izinqumo zezinkantolo zibayinxenye yomthetho welizwe ngoba zichaza ukuthi imithetho ngempela isho ukuthini.

=== Ezombangazwe ===
[[File:Houses of Parliament (Cape Town).jpg|thumb|191x191px|Izindlu ze[[IPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika|Phalamende yaseNingizimu Afrika]], [[eKapa]], e[[INtshonalanga Kapa|Ntshonalanga Kapa]]]]
Inhlangano enkulu eyayibusa iyodwa eNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngo-1994 kufikela ngo-2024 yi-African National Congress (ANC). i-ANC isungulwe ngo-1912. Ngenxa yokuxoxisana nokuvumelana ne-''National Part''y (NP) ukuthi ubandlululo okwehlanga uchithwe ukuze abantu abansundu bakhone ukuvota, i-ANC iphumelele emikhethweni yokuqala eyisikhombisa ukuthi aboMongameli abane bokuqala besikhathi senkululeko babuye kuyo: kusukela u[[Nelson Mandela]] kufika ku[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]. iNhlangano yabelungu eyayibusa futhi eyasungula ubandlululo okwehlanga, i-NP, ibuse neANC eHulumendini yokuBumbana yango-1994. Kodwa ngasemuva kwesikhathi seHulumende yokuBumbana, i-NP yachithwa. Amanye amalunga ayo angena kwi-ANC. 
[[File:Late Nelson Mandela Statue, Pretoria South Africa Redux.png|thumb|192x192px|Izakhiwo zeMbumbano, [[IPitoli|ePitoli]], [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]]]]
iQembu elaliphikisane ne-ANC kusukela u-1999 kwakuyi-''Democratic Party'', elaguqula igama kwi-''Democratic Alliance'' (DA) kufikela u-2024. Ngo-2009, i-DA yathatha amandla [[INtshonalanga Kapa|eNtshonalanga Kapa]] kufika manje. Ngo-2024 yavuma ukungena emfelondawonyeni wezinhlangano lapho i-ANC beyidonsa phambili. ''iNkatha'' yasungulwa yiSilo u[[Solomon kaDinizulu|Solomoni kaDinuzulu]] ngezi-1920. uMntwana [[Mangosuthu Buthelezi|uMangosuthu Buthelezi]] wayiguqula igama kwiNkatha Freedom Party wayiphendula inhlangano yezombangazwe ngo-1975 eyaphatha kwaZulu esikhathini sobandlululo kufikela u-1994. Ngo-1994 yavuma ukubayilunga lemfelondawonye yeHulumende yokuBumbana futhi yabayinhlangano enkulu esifundazweni esasisisha ngalesosikhathi sakwaZulu-Natali kodwa yahlulwa yi-ANC ekhethweni wango-2004. 

Ngo-2014, uJulius Malema, owayenguMongameli weQembu laBasha le-ANC, wasungula inhlangano yakhe, i-''Economic Freedom Fighters'' (EFF). Yafika ezingeni yokuba inhlangano entathu ngobukhulu esizweni ekhethweni wango-2024. u-Jacob Zuma, owayenguMongameli weNingizimu Afrika kusukela u-2009 kufikela ku-2018, wasungula inhlangano yoMkhonto weSizwe ngo-2023&lt;ref&gt;Sangweni, Khethukuthula. 2023, uZibandlela 27. OlukaZuma neMK luvukuze umlando we-ANC obuhlungu. ''Isolezwe''. https://www.isolezwe.co.za/izindaba/olukazuma-nemk-luvukuze-umlando-we-anc-obuhlungu-5f731014-9ea2-473b-93ff-443850f04d17&lt;/ref&gt; owandlula i-EFF ngenani lamavoti ekhethweni wango-2024.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;2024, uNhlangulana 24. IsiBizNews: Abavoti bayayichitha i-ANC ne-EFF: Funa uguquko lwangempela, hhayi uguquko oluqinile – John Endres. ''BizNews''.&lt;/bdi&gt; https://www.biznews.com/rational-perspective/abavoti-anc-eff-endres&lt;/ref&gt; Kusukela u-2024, i-MK iyinhlangano ephikisayo-ngokomthetho ngoba i-DA ingene emfelandawonyeni ne-ANC. Ngo-2024, iNhlangano yoMkhonto wesiZwe ithole amavoti andlula imihlangano yonke kwaZulu-Natali, kodwa ngenxa yokubumbana kwe-IFP, i-DA, ne-ANC, yavalelwa ngaphandle kwezibambo zokubusa kulesosifundazwe.

=== Imphoqelelo yomthetho ===
[[File:South african police may 2010.jpg|thumb|198x198px|iThimba lamaphoyisa [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]] ngo-2010. Bathwele ama-Vektor R5 ngezandla]]
Amaphoyisa waseNingizimu Afrika (isiNgisi: ''South African Police Service'') anomsebenzi wokuphoqelela umthetho esizweni nokuvikela umphakathi. Kuneziteshi eziyi-1,154 zamaphoyisa futhi kunabaqhashi emaphoyiseni abayi-150,950. Ngokuba abantu abazizwa baphephile ngenxa yobugebengu obuningi, iNingizimu Afrika inobalo lwezinkampani zokuphephisa olundlala izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Inani labantu abasebenzela lomkhakha undlula izigidi eziyi-2.5 (futhi, ngobuningi, bandlula amaphoyisa namajoni mabehlangene).

Kunobugebengu obuningi eNingizimu Afrika njengokudlwengula kanye nodlame wokuhlukumeza izingane nabesifazane: amaPhoyisa amemeza ukuthi abesifazane abayi-75,871 ngo-2023 kufika ku-2024 abathintwe udlame, ukudlwengula nokubulawa.&lt;ref&gt;Cowling, Natalie. 2024, Dec 30. Number of contact crimes committed against women in South Africa by type. ''Statista''.https://www.statista.com/statistics/1396527/number-of-contact-crimes-committed-against-women-in-south-africa-by-type/#statisticContainer&lt;/ref&gt; Kuvamile ukuthi abesifazane bahlukunyezwe ngabantu abesilisa ababaziyo.&lt;ref&gt;2022. Media Pack: First South African National Gender-Based Violence Study. ''Human Sciences Research Council''. https://hsrc.ac.za/media-pack-first-south-african-national-gender-based-violence-study-2022/&lt;/ref&gt; Futhi kunobunye ubugebengu njengzigameko zokudunwa nokutshontshwa kwezimoto&lt;ref&gt;Khumalo, X. 2023-08-16. [https://gagasiworld.co.za/kudla-lubi-ukudunwa-kwezimoto/ Kudla Lubi Ukudunwa Kwezimoto]. ''eGagasini FM''.&lt;/ref&gt;, ukuthunjwa kwabantu&lt;ref&gt;''[https://lite.scrolla.africa/izindaba/ziyanda-izigameko-zokuthunjwa-kwabantu-emzansi.html Ziyanda izigameko zokuthunjwa kwabantu eMzansi]''. Scrolls Data Lite.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Goldberg, L. 2025-05-13. [https://4akid.co.za/zu/blogs/parenting-advice/child-kidnappings-are-on-the-increase-in-sa-but-yet-no-recent-stats-are-available?srsltid=AfmBOooEqrLfOmZzhaJxCD0mTAaYtvriW8IRaD-LX_AlORRer3tgRiEP Ukuthunjwa kwezingane kuyanda eNingizimu Afrika, kodwa nokho azikho izibalo zakamuva ezitholakalayo]. ''4aKid.com''&lt;/ref&gt;, ukugqekeza ezindlini nasemahhovisini, nenkohlakalo ehulumendeni njengokutshontsha izimali zesizwe. OweyenguMengameli uJacob Zuma wasungula iKhomishini yokuHlola ukuThunjwa kweZwe ngo-2017 noCyril Ramaphosa wasungula iKhomishini yokuHlola ukuGxambukela nobuGebengu ezeMbangazweni ngo-2025 ngenxa yokujula nobubanzi kwenkohlakalo ebolisa uhulumeni.&lt;ref&gt;Dlomo, M. 2025-07-06. [https://ilanganews.co.za/bafuna-kuthathwe-izinyathelo-ngezinsolo-zikamkhwanazi/ Bafuna kuthathwe izinyathelo ngezinsolo zikaMkhwanazi]. ''Ilanga News''.&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Ubudlelwano nezinye izizwe ===
[[File:President Donald Trump meets with President of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa (54537776189) (cropped).jpg|thumb|221x221px|Umhlangano koMongameli [[IMelika|waseMelika]] [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]][[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika]], [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]]]
iNingizimu Afrika liyilunga yemihlangano yamazwe njeng[[IZizwe Ezihlangene|eZizwe Ezihlangeneyo]] (isiNgisi: ''United Nations''), iNhlangano yase Africa (isiNgisi: ''African Union''), i-BRICS (inhlangano ye[[IBrazili|Brazil]], [[iNdiya]], [[iShayina]], neNingizimu Afrika), iNhlangano yoMhlabawonke woHwebo (isiNgisi: ''World Trade Organisation''), iNkantolo yoMhlabawonke wobuGebengu (isiNgisi: ''International Criminal Court''), i-''Commonwealth of Nations'', iKomithi yoMhlabawonke wama-Olympics (isiNgisi: ''International Olympic Committee''), i-''Fédération Internationale de Football Association'' (i-FIFA), Inhlangano yoMhlabawonke yabaSebenzi (isiNgisi: ''International Labour Organisation''). Noma buthi ukubanda ubudlelwano n[[IMelika|eMelika]], iNingizimu Afrika isebenzisana futhi ihwebana nayo kakhulu kanye namanye amazwe ekuthiwa wase-&quot;Mpumalanga&quot; njengeNhlangano yase[[Yurobhu]] (ngesiNgisi: ''European Union'').

iNingizimu Afrika lidume ngaphesheya ngokukhulumela amalungelo wabantu abahluphekile. Ngo-2024, izamile ukusiza [[iYukreyini]] ne[[IRashiya|Rashiya]] zixoxisane ukuqeda imipi yabo. Ngo-2022, iNingizimu Afrika ivulele i-[[Isreyili|Israyeli]] icala eNkantolo yoMhlabawonke yobuLungiswa mayelana ukubhubhisa kwamaPalestini eGaza. iNingizimu Afrika ithumela amajoni ukuthi agcine ukuthula ezindaweni lapho kunempi yezakhamuzi khona njengase-DRC (isiNgisi: [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|''Democratic Republic of the Congo'']]), e[[IMozambiki|Mozambhiki]], eLesotho, e[[ISudan|Sudani]], nase[[IBhurundi|Bhurundi]]. Ngenxa yodlame nenhlupheko e[[IZimbabwe|Zimbabwe]], iNingizimu Afrika yamkele ababaleki. Futhi yamkele ababaleki ngobuningi abaqhamuke kwezinye izizwe ezinempi njenge[[ISomaliya|Somaliya]], [[Khongo-Kinshasa]], e[[IMozambiki|Mozambhiki]] nase[[ISudan|Sudani]]. 

=== Ezokuvikela ===
[[File:SAAF-Gripen-001 (cropped).jpg|thumb|211x211px|Indiza yokulwa, iSAAB Gripen yamaButho waseBhakabhakeni, ekhandwe [[ISwidi|eSwidi]]]]
umButho kaZwelonke oVikelayo waseNingizimu Afrika ([[isiNgisi]]: ''South African National Defence Force'') unikezwe umsebenzi wokuvikela amagcele waseNingizimu Afrika - yiwona wodwa wemibutho evumelekile ukuhloma. Lombutho unamagatsha amane: amaButho waseMhlabeni, waseLwandle, waseBhakabhakeni, nawezeMpilo. amaButho waseLwandle ahlome imikhumbi yempi eyi-44, njengemikhumbi enthathu yangaphansi kwamanzi. Namhlanje amaButho waseLwandle abhekane nokubamba abazingeli nabadwebi bezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zaselwandle ezivikeleliwe kanye nobunye ubugebengu elwandle. Futhi, ilwa namagcwelegcwele waselwandle eMozambhiki. amaButho waseMhlabeni asebenza e-Afrika ezindaweni ezibhekane nempi ukuthi zibenokuthula futhi bavikela imigcele yaseNingizimu Afrika. amaButho waseBhakabhakeni alwa kubhakabhaka lweNingizimu Afrika.

Kukhona izinkampani ezikhandela umButho waseNingizimu Afrika izikhali nenye impahla: iDenel, iMilkor, iParamount Group ne-Reutech Radar Systems. Uphinde uthenge izinto [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eMbusweni Ohlangeneyo]], [[IMelika|eMelika]], [[IJalimani|eJalimani]], [[IJaphani|eJapani]], [[ITaliya|eTaliya]] nase[[ISwidi|Swidi]]. Isabelomali somButho yizigidigidi eziyi-51.8 zamaRand ngoyaka ka-2024. Kunamajoni ahlangene ayi-71,235. iNduna yamaJoni Jikelele nguRudzani Maphwanya.

=== Izifundazwe ===
Kunezifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye. Zinesishayamthetho esikhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka eyihlanu kanye nePhalamende. Izifundazwe zineNdunakulu ekhethwa abalunga besishayamthetho. Indunankulu ikhetha abangqongqoshe bomiKhandlu yesiFundazwe yokuPhatha. Zonke izifundazwe zineNkomfa yeNkantolo ePhezulu yaseNingizimu Afrika ekudluliswa amacalo khona ngamphambe ukuthi adluliselwe eNkantolo yoMthehtosisekele nomaNkantolo ePhakeme Yokudlulisa Amacala.

Izifundazwe zinabomasipala abayi-205 bendawo futhi abayi-52 phezukwabo abesifunda. Kunamamasipala ayisishiyagalombili abanamandla wesifunda nendawo ekuthiwa ama-''metropolitan'' lapho kuhlala inani labantu eliningi khona: iGoli, eKapa, eThekwini, ePitoli, eKurhuleni, eNelson Mandela Bay, eBufallo City naseMangaung. Izifundanzwe yilezi ezilandelayo:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!isiFundazwe
!isiQonga sesiFundazwe
!iDolobha eliKhulu
!Ubungakho beNdawo (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
!iNani laBantu
|-
|iMpumalanga Kapa
|eBhisho
|eGqeberha
|168,966
|7,230,204
|-
|iFuleyisitata
|eBloemfontein
|eBloemfontein
|129,825
|2,964,412
|-
|eGoli
|eGoli
|eGoli
|18,178
|15,099,422
|-
|kwaZulu-Natali
|eMngungundlovu
|eThekwini
|94,361
|12,423,907
|-
|iLimpopo
|ePolokwane
|ePolokwane
|125,754
|6,572,720
|-
|iMpumalanga
|eMbombela
|eMbombela
|76,495
|5,143,324
|-
|iNyakatho-Ntshonalanga
|eMahikeng
|eKlerksdorp
|104,882
|3,804,548
|-
|iNyakatho Kapa
|eKimberley
|eKimberley
|372,889
|1,355,946
|-
|iNtshonalanga Kapa
|eKapa
|eKapa
|129,462
|7,433,01
|}

== Ezomnotho ==
[[File:Sandton.jpg|thumb|218x218px|iSandton, eGoli, indawo ecebile ukundlula izindawo zonke e-Afrika]]
iNingizimu Afrika inesimo somnotho osathuthuyako. e-Afrika yonke, iyona ethuthuke kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe ngomboni futhi inkulu uzindlula zonke: phezu kwezigidigidi eziyigidi eziyi-1.030 zamaDola ngokulinganisa amandla emali (isiNgisi: ''purchasing power parity'') noma izigidigidi eziyi-418 zamaDola ngobunjalo nje (isiNgisi: ''nominal'').&lt;ref&gt;World Bank. 2024, uMbasa. World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (South Africa). https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/ZAF&lt;/ref&gt; Umkhiqizo ohlukaniswe okwekhanda, undlula amazwe amaningi e-Afrika: phezu kwamaDola ayi-16,080 wamaDola. Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bacebe ukundlula izizwe zonke zase-Afrika: izigidigidi eziyi-650 zamaDola. 

iNingizimu Afrika ihwebana kakhulu namanye amazwe ase-Afrika, [[iShayina]], [[iMelika]], [[iJalimani]], [[iSpaniya]], n[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|oMbuso oHlangeneyo]]. iNingizimu Afrika ikhiqize insimbi njengegolide, iplatinamu, ipaladium, imanganese, ichrome, namalahle. iNingizimu Afrika ikhiqiza umbila, umoba, amazambane, iwayini, itiya yerooibos, namafutho wemifino, futhi imfuyo yezinkomo, izinkuku, izimvu nezimbuzi, iletha imali eningi. 
[[File:GariepDam.jpg|thumb|221x221px|iDonga neLwandle leDamu lasegariep. Livimbe amanzi womfula isaNgqu]]
Ngenxa yobuhle, isimo sezulu esimnandi, izindawo zokubona izinyamazane, ukudla okumnandi newayini edumile ngaphesheya, nokuthuthuka kwengqalasizinda, iNingizimu Afrika ivakashelwa ukundlula wonke amazwe ase-Afrika. Futhi inezindawo eziningi eziklomiswe ngokuba ifa elibalulekile emhlabeni wonke. iNingizimu Afrika inomkhakha womnotho wezemali othembekile kakhulu. i-Johannesburg Stock Exchange (lapho kuhwetshwa izibopho emali namasheya emankampanini) indlula amanye amamakethi e-Afrika ngobukhulu kwemali nangokuthuthuka. 

Ngemphoxeko alikho ilizwe emhlabeni elinobungalinga kwemali njengeNingizimu Afrika. Lesimo singenxa yobungalingani kwomholo, ukungasebenzi kwenani elinkulu labantu, nobumpofa oluthinta abantu abaningi. Kunabantu abandlula u-33% abangasebenzi noma u-44% ngencazelo eyandiswa.&lt;ref&gt;Institute for Economic Justice. 2023, ''uLwezi. Kungani iNingizimu Afrika idinga i-Universal Basic Income Guarantee''. https://www.iej.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/IEJ-UBIG-1-factsheet-isiZulu.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abangu-55%, baphila ngaphansi kwezinga lobumpofu bukazwelonke, futhi abantu abangu-25% basezingeni lobumpofu lokuba encupeni yokungadli okwanele. Kunzima ukuthi umnotho wenze usebenze olingene abantu bonke abafuna umsebenzi ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lemfundo, ubunzima bokusungula amabhizinisi nokutshala imali ngenxa yemigomo engakhuthazi ubuzisebenza. Futhi, isikhathi sobandlululo sishiye abaningi abansundu banganyo indlela olukuzithuthukisa, ngesibonelo, ngokulima ngoba bengenamhlaba.

=== Ingqalasizinda ===
[[File:Ekurhuleni Aerotropolis.jpg|thumb|219x219px|Isikhumula seziNdiza sikaOliver Reginald Tambo eKurhuleni, eGoli. Siyisikhumulo esizindlula zonke e-Afrika ngobukhulu]]
Ingqalasizinda yaseNingizimu Afrika ivame ukuba ncono ukundlula amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika kodwa akusho ukuthi konke kulungile. Kunemigwaqo engamakhilomitha ayi-754,600 eNingizimu Afrika, eseshumi emhlabeni wonke ngobude kodwa imiGwaqo eminingi inezigodi.&lt;ref&gt;Umnyango wesiKhwama sikaZwelonke. 2009. [https://www.treasury.gov.za/publications/igfr/2004/09.%20Chapter%208%20-%20Roads%20and%20Transport.pdf Isahluko 8: imiGwaqo nokuThuthakwabantu.]  Provincial Government Expenditure Review 2003/2004 to 2008/2009&lt;/ref&gt; Imigqa yezitimela indlula-30,000 amakhilomitha ngobude.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worlddata.info/africa/south-africa/transport.php Infrastructure and transport in South Africa]. World Data.&lt;/ref&gt; iNingizimu Afrika yilizwe lokuqala e-Afrika ukuba nesitimela esihamba ngokushesha: iGautrain eGoli. Imigqa yezitimela eminingi ingphantsi kweTransnet, inkampani yakahulumeni. Ngenxa yokushiswa kwezitimela, ukutshontshwa nokuphulwa kwemishini, nokuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okungalungiswa, izinga lengqalasizinda zezitimela zaseNingizimu Afrika luyawohloka. Izitimela zivame ukungcola, ukungaphephanga, nokungafiki ngesikhathi ngenxa yokungaphathwi kahle. Imikhakha eminingi emiphakathini nasemnothweni njengamamayini athembele ezitimeleleni ukuthutha impahla nabantu ngobuningi.
[[File:Gautrain..., O R Tambo Intl Airport South Africa.jpg|thumb|220x220px|isiTimela sikagautrain esisesitheshini esisemkhumulweni wezindiza kaOliver Reginald Tambo]]
iNingizimu Afrika ithembele emalahleni ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ikomothi yoGesi eyaziwa nge-Eskom yayisungulwe ngo1923. Ngokuzama ukukhuthaza izinkampani ezizimele ukuthi zingene emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ugesi ngezi-1999, uhulumeni uvimbe i-Eskom ukuthu ingakhi iziteshe zogesi ezintsha. Kodwa lokhu akusizanga. I-Eskom ibihluleka ukukhiqiza ugesi owanele ngenxa yokwanda ngokushesha kwezakhamuzi ezixhumakelwe nogesi emuva kwesikhathi sobandlululo lapho abelungu namabhizinisi kwakuyiwona wedwa ewathola ugesi. Ngoba imigqa yogesi yayidonsa nzima ukufikisa ugesi ebantwini bonke, umbuso unqamule izibopha ezivimbe i-Eskom ukuthi yakhe iziteshi zogesi. Ekuzameni ukwakha iziteshi zeMedupi neKusile, kwamoshakala imali, kwanda isikolodo kangangokuthi wawuncane ngendlela ephoxekisayo umkhiqizo wogesi. Ngenxa yalezizinkinga, kwasuka ukunciphiswa kwegesi ngesikhathi esihlelekile ngo-2007. Kusukela u-2024, isimo sithi ukuguquka ngenxa yokuqotshwa kweNgqongqoshe yoGesi omusha uKgosientso Ramkgopa. 

iNingizimu Afrika yilizwe lokuqala e-Afrika ukukhiqiza ugesi ngenuzi: kunesitheshi sogesi wenuzi eKapa, iKoeberg. iNingizimu Afrika enezikhumulo zezindiza zamazwewonke: i-OR Tambo neLanseriya eGoli, nenyeEkapa, iSilo uShaka eThekwini, neNkosi uDavide Stuurman eGqeberha. INingizimu Afrika inezikhumulo zezindiza ezi-401. Futhi inetheku elikhulu eThekwini eliwandlula wonke amazwe ase-Afrika ngokusinda kwempahla ethwalwa izikhumbi ezingena khona. Futhi kunezitheku zaseKapa, eGqeberha naseSaldanha lapho Umbutho woLwandle ugcina imikhumbi yempi khona. 

=== Isayensi nobuchwepheshe ===
[[File:Mark Shuttleworth NASA.jpg|thumb|233x233px|uMark Shuttleworth umdali weThawte ne-Ubuntu onguyena yedwa umNingizimu Afrika owagibela umKhumbi waseMkhathini wamaZwewonke]]
Kunokuhlakani nobuchwepheshe obuqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika olundlula okulindelwe nabantu abaningi. Emandulo kwakukhona abantu bomdabu eMpumalanga abakhe ikhalenda yamatshe eyokuqala yokuchaza iminyaka nesikhathi ekuthiwa yiNzalo yeLanga kusukela iminyaka eyi-75,000 kufika ku-200,000 ewandlule.&lt;ref&gt;[https://sahistory.org.za/place/adams-calendar-also-known-blaauwboschkraal-stone-ruins#:~:text=isiZulu%20elders%20call%20the%20site,ancient%20sites%20around%20the%20World. ADAMS CALENDAR also known as: 'Blaauwboschkraal Stone Ruins']. South African History.&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu baseMapungubwe eLimpopo baqambe impahla ngegolide kusukela iminyaka eyi-500 kufika ku1100 eyandlule.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nature-reserve.co.za/lost-civilization-mapungubwe-history.html#:~:text=Between%20AD%20900%2D%201300%20Mapungubwe,lived%20in%20isolation%20from%20them. History of the Lost Civilization of Mapungubwe]. Siyabonga Africa.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngemuva kokufika abelungu nokusuka wesikhathi sogesi, imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe yanda. Ngo-1882, iKimberley, eNyakatho Kapa yayidlobha lesibili emhlabeni ukukhanyisa imigwaqo ngemibani yogesi.&lt;ref&gt;2914, uNcaba 23. [https://www.kimberley.org.za/kimberley-city-firsts/ Kimberley: A City of Firsts]. Kimberley.org.za&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngo-1955, kuqalwe ukukhiqiza amafuthi emalahleni eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yobuchwepheshe baseSasol.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sasol.com/celebrating-our-heritage#:~:text=Through%20the%20Synthol%20process%2C%20in%20March%201955,its%20first%20petrol%20in%20its%20Synthol%20reactors.&amp;text=These%20reactors%20form%20the%20basis%20of%20the,crude%20feed%20stream%20for%20fuels%20and%20chemicals Celebrating Our Heritage]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Sasol.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1957, isayensi nesikhomba sokwakha umshini ohlola ubungaphakayi bomzimba womuntu, iCAT Scan, bewuqamuka eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yomsebenzi woSolwazi u-Allan Cormack.&lt;ref&gt;Tan, Yong Siang no Pool, Patricia Sims. 2020, uZibandlela 6. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7900806/ Allan MacLeod Cormack (1924–1998): Discoverer of computerised axial tomography]. ''Singapore Med''. National Library of Medicine.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1967 uChristiaan Barnard noHamilton Naki bebangabantu bokuqala bokwenza isihlinzelo esivulekile sokufaka inhliziyo yomuntu komunye umuntu ophilayo esibhedlele seGroote Schuur eKapa.&lt;ref&gt;Cooper, David KC .2018, uNhlangulana 18. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6062759/ Christiaan Barnard—The surgeon who dared: The story of the first human-to-human heart transplant] . ''Global Cardiology and Practice''. National Library of Medicine.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngezi-1980, iNingizimu Afrika yayilizwe lokuqala lase-Afrika ukwakha izikhali zenuzi.&lt;ref&gt;Albright, David. 1994, uNhlaba. [https://isis-online.org/publications/southafrica/ir0594.html South Africa's Secret Nuclear Weapons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602145408/https://isis-online.org/publications/southafrica/ir0594.html |date=2025-06-02 }}. ''ISIS Report''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1995, uMark Shuttleworth udale uhlelo lokuvimba ukuthwetshulwa kwamakhompiyutha ekuthiwa yi-Thawte.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~litwin/cours98/Doc-cours-clouds/WPCryptography2012_1209_EN.pdf History of Cryptography]. Thawte.&lt;/ref&gt; go-2004, uMark Shuttleworth wadala uhlelo lokulawula amakhompiyutha, Ubuntu, elisasetshenziswa nanamhlanje. 

I-Square Kilometre Array yiqoqo lwezibonakude ezisinikeza ukhono lokucwaninga izinkanyezi nezinye izizulane ezisemkhathini. Abasolwazi baseNyuvesi yaseKapa bafake isandla ekwakheni kwehlelo lokulawula amakhompiyutha e-''Large Hadron collider'', umshini eSwitzerlandi oshayisana izihlamvukazi zamatomi ukufunda imithetho ejulile yendalo. iNingizimu Afrika ithole inhlobo yesifo seCoronavirus i-Omicron kuqala ngo-2021. uSolwazi uMashudu Tshifularo waseNyuvesi yasePitoli uyena wokuqala emhlabeni wonke ukuphumelela ekufakeni kwethambo langaphakathi lwendlebe eliqanjwe ngokuphrinta kwezilinganiso ezintathu ngo-2019.

== Ezezibalo zabantu ==
[[File:South Africa single age population pyramid 2020.png|thumb|uGrafu oveza inani labesilisa nabesifazane ngeminyaka wango-2020]]
Kunenani labantu elindlula izigidi eziyi-64 eNingizimu Afrika, nokuminyana kwabantu abayi-51.8 ngesikhilomitha-skwele. Kunenani labantu abangangenanga ngokwomthetho abayizigidi ezinhlanu, kakhulu abantu baseZimbabwe. Kunabantu abansundu abangamaphesenti ayi-81, abelungu abangamaphesenti ayi-7.3, amaKhaladi abayi-8.2% namaNdiya ayi-2.7%. IsiZulu sincelwe ebeleni ngabantu abangamaphesenti ayi-24.4 (ukundlula izilimi zonke ngobuningi), isiXhosa silandela ngo-16.4% isiBhunu ngo-10.6%, nesiNgisi ngo-8.7%. Noma kunjalo, isiNgisi sitshenziswa emabhizinisini, nasezimfundisweni nasehulumendeni ukundlula izilimi zonke. 
[[File:South Africa 2011 population density map.svg|thumb|Ibalazwe laseNingizimu Afrika eliveza ukuminyana kwabantu. Ubunyama bombala buchaza ininani labantu abaningi abaminyene endaweni ethile]]
Inani labantu abandlula u-79%, bakholelwa ebuKhrestini, ukundlula inani lezinkolo zonke ezinye. ebuKhrestini kunamaZayoni abayi-11%, abaZalwane (amaPentekositi) abayi-8.2%, abaseRoma abayi-7.1%, amaWesile ayi-6.8% nabebandla laseNetherlands abayi-6.2%. AmaMuslimi, abantu abakholelwa esintwini kuphela nabaHindi bangango 1%. Kodwa, baningi abantu abahlanganisa ubuKhrestu nenkolo yomdabu njengamasiko akubo. AmaMuslimi avema ukuba amaKhaladi waseKapa (ama-''Cape Malay'') namaNdiya. Kukhona nomphakathi omncane wamaJuda.

=== Ezemfundo ===
[[File:UCT Upper Campus landscape view.jpg|thumb|Ikhampasi ephezulu yeNyuvesi yaseKapa]]
Ngowezi-2025 kwakunabantu abadala abangamaphesenti ngama-95% abakwazi ukufunda. Ingeyesibili enamazinga wemfundo aphezulu e-Afrika, ilandela iSeychelles.&lt;ref&gt;https://mg.co.za/education/2025-04-29-south-africa-has-second-highest-rate-of-literate-adults-in-africa/&lt;/ref&gt; INingizimu Afrika inohlelo lwezemfundo olunamazinga amathathu: olokuqala ngezikole zamabangaphansi kulandele izikole zamabangaphezulu (ezingaphansi kweminyango yezifundo yezifundazwe), kugcine imfundo ephakeme yamanyuvesi namakolishi. iNingizimu Afrika isezingeni eliphansi ngezemfundo emhlabeni malulinganiswa namanye amazwe ngezizathu ezimbalwa:

* Imaki lokuphasa esikoleni ngu-30%
* Abantu abaningi abaphasi ngo-Bachelor, oludingekayo ukuqhubeka ukufunda emanyuvesini
* Ngu-50% wezingane eziqala isikole ezizophasa umatekuletsheni
* Inani labafundi abasebangeni llesishiyagalolunye abakwazi ukufunda noma ukubala okufanelwe iminyaka yabo
* Ngoba esikhathini sobandlululo, umbuso wavimba amathuba amaningi wokufunda nokuqeqeshwa, awukho umkhuba wokufunda emiphakathini eminingi
* Kunodlame, izidakamiswa nokuswela imithombo nengqalasizinda ezikoleni eziningi ezenza ukufunda kubenzima.

Kungakho, abazali abakhonayo ngokwemali bamikisa Izingane zabo ema-''Model C'' (izikole ezagcinelwa abelungu esikhathini sobandlululo) nomaezikolweni ezizimele. Ngoba abaningi Abantu abampofu abanayo imali enele ukumikisa Izingane zabo kulezikole, Izingane zabo ezifunda ezikoleni zikahulumeni zisala emuva. Lokuhlukana emizingeni emibilo yokufunda, yenza ukuthi kubenzima ukuthi abantwana abaqhamuka emakhazeni abampofu ukuthi baphumelele ezinfundweni eziphezulu. Uhulumeni uzamile ukulinganisa amathuba ngezinhlelo nemingqubomgomo ehlukene njengokunikeza abantwana amampofu imifundaze phecelezi i-NSFAS (isiNgisi: ''National Student Financial Aid Scheme'') namanye amaqhinga. 

Amanyuvesi aseNingizimu Afrika ahloniphekile e-Afrika nasemhlabeni wonke ngokukhiqiza izinga locwaningo nokufundisa olulingana namazwe asesingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. Amanyuvesi adulime yilawa: iNyuvesi yaseKapa, iNyuvesi yaseWitwatersrand, iNyuvesi yaseStellenbosch, iNyuvesi yaseGoli, [[INyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali|iNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali]], neNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika. INyuvesi yaseFort Hare ikhiqize abaholi abaningi bezepolitiki njengo-[[Nelson Mandela]] owayenguMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika, [[Robert Mugabe|uRobert Mugabe]] owayenguMongameli wase[[Zimbabwe]], uSeretse Khama owayenguMongameli wase[[Butswana]], uJulius Nyerere owayenguMongameli wase[[IThanzaniya|Thanzaniya]], no-[[Oliver Tambo]] owayenguMongameli we-[[African National Congress|ANC]].

=== Ezempilo ===
[[File:Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital entrance.jpg|thumb|Isibhedlela sikaChris Hani Baragwanath esikhulu uzindlula zonke eNingizimu Afrika futhi kufundiswa amadokotela lana]]
Owesilisa uvame ukuphila iminyaka eyi-59.3, owesimame uvame ukuphila iminyaka eyi-64.4 kodwa abantu abansundu nabantu abampofu bavame ukuphila isikhathi esifushane ukundlula abelungu nabantu abacebile, futhi umehluko mukhulu.&lt;ref&gt;Frye, Isabel. 2023. The unequal face of death. Social Policy Initiative. https://www.spi.net.za/the-unequal-face-of-death-in-south-africa/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619130137/https://www.spi.net.za/the-unequal-face-of-death-in-south-africa/ |date=2025-06-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuvame ukushona Izingane ezincane eziyi-24 ngenkulungwane yabantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;People of South Africa. Gov.za. https://www.gov.za/about-sa/people-south-africa#:~:text=Life%20expectancy%20at%20birth%20for,per%201%20000%20live%20births/&lt;/ref&gt; Kunabantu abayi-13.5% abaphila nesifo sengculazi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Inani labo liyaphunguleka ngenxa yokumbatha ijazi lomkhwenyana ecansini nokuphuza imishanguzo ecindezela legciwane egazini.&lt;ref&gt;Mjoli, Phili. 2023, uZibandlela 24. Kusemnyama ngekhambi lokuqeda ingculazi. ''Isolezwe''. https://www.isolezwe.co.za/impilo-yabantu/ezempilo/kusemnyama-ngekhambi-lokuqeda-ingculazi-dfed1466-41d9-4269-afe9-1fc3851c49d5&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ukungalingani kobude bempilo ngaphakathi kwabacebile nabampofu kungenxa yokuthi uhulumeni ukhokhela bonke abantu abampofu ngemali yentelo kodwa lemali kufanele ufeze izidingo zabantu abayi-84% kodwa abantu abancono ngesimo semali (u-16% wabantu) bakhona ukukhokhela izinsizo zempilo, ukuze bakhone ukuhambela izibhedlela ezizimele lapho izinga lokuphathwa lindlula izibhedlela zikahulumeni. Futhi, ngokwanda kwemali, umuntu ukwazi ukuhlala endaweni ephephile, ukuthola usizo ngokushesha, ukudla ukudla okuphilisayo, nokudela izingozi ezehlela abantu abahlupekayo. 

Kungakho uhulumeni we-ANC uzama ukuvusa i-NHI (iNtshulensi yezeMpilo lakaZwelonke) ukuze uhulumeni kuhlinzekelwe izinga elinganayo lezempilo kubonke abantu. Kodwa baningi abangavumi ngoba iNingizimu Afrika ayinabo abantu  abalaphayo abanele inani labantu (0.3 wamadokotela ngenkulungwane yabantu, ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 yamadokotela ngenkulungwane yabantu ephakanyiswa uMhlangano woMhlabawonke wezeMpilo). Futhi, kuzofuneka ukuthi imali yentelo ekhokelwayo ngabambalwa abasebenzayo ikhuphuke kakhulu. Nokuthi umkhakha wezibhedlela elizimele awunayo imibhede elingene abantu bonke baseMzansi. Okwamanje i-NHI ayikakabikhona.

== Ezamasiko nobuciko ==

=== Ezomculo ===
Imiculo yamapiano, ikwaito nesipantsula idalwe eGoli. Imiculo yeGqom, iMaskandi, iMbaqanga nesiCathamiya iqhamuka kwaZulu. Abantu balalela umnculo omunye ohlukile njengehouse, iHip-Hop, iclassical, ipop, igospel nezinye. Kunabaculi abadumile abaqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika njengeLadysmith Black Mambaso eyaklomiswa ngeGrammy Award kabili (besicathamiya), uBrenda Fassie, uYvonne Chaka-Chaka noLeleti Mbuli (bepop), Hotstix Mabuza, uMiriam Makeba noweyengumyeni wakhe uHugh Masekela (bejazz), amaHotella Queens (bembaqanga), iHhashi eliMhlophe (wemaskandi), iSoweto Gospel Choir eyaklomiswa ngeGrammy Award, iJoyous Celebration neSpirit of Praise (begospel), uMbongeni Ngema (owayenza umculo wamamuvi njenge-''Lion King'' owaklomiswa nge-Academy Award, neSarafina). Kukhona nabaculi babelungu njengoKurt Darren (womculo wesiBhunu) Fokofpolisiekar (bomculo werock), ne-Die Antwoord (be-Hip-Hop yesiBhunu). Izikhungo zokufundisa umcule ezidumile yiKolishi yaseNingizimu Afrika yoMculo (yaseNyuvesi yaseKapa), namanye amanyuvesi. 

=== Ezokungcebeleka ===
[[File:SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg|thumb|Iisiqongo se-SABC. Ngasenxele kubonakala amatshaneli kamabonakude ]]
iNingizimu Afrika inomkhakha wamamuvi, yezinhlelo zikamabonakude nokujabulisa othuthukile futhi ohloniphekile e-Afrika nangaphesheya. Amamuvi enzwe eNingizimu Afrika aklomiswe ama-Academy Award (phecelezi ama-Oscar) ngo-''Tsotsi'', no-''My Octopus Teacher.'' Ezacishe zaklomiswa ngo-''Yesterday'', ''Old Righteous Blues'', ne-''Last Ranger''. Kukhona amanye amamuvi adumile njenge-''District Nine'', ''The Gods Must Be Crazy'', ''Jerusalema'', ''Oh Schucks.... It's Schuster!'', ''Mama Jack'', Sarafina!, ''White Wedding'', ''How to Ruin Christmas'', ''iNxeba'' (eyacindezelwa nguhuhulumeni ngenxa yokuveza isiko lokusoka [[AmaXhosa|lwamaXhosa]] kanye nobudlewane labesilisa abathandanayo). 

Futhi kunezinhlelo zamabonakude ezidumile njenge-''Shaka Zulu'' (kudlala uHenry Cele, eyayenzwa kabusha ngegama lika-''Shaka iLembe''), ''Velaphi'', ''eMzini weziNtsizwa'', ''Generations'' (owayenza kabusha ngegama lika-''Generations: the Legacy''), ''Skeem Saam'', ''Scandal'', ''The River'', ''Isidingo'', ''Uzalo'', ''The Queen'', ''Blood and Water'', ''Kings of Joburg''. Kwakunohlelo lwabantwana kamabonakude njengo-''Yo TV! Land'', ''Hectic Nine9.'' Kunezinhlelo ezilandela izimpilo zabantu, ifashini, noma ezikhombisa ukuncintisana njenge-''Friends Like These'', ''Selimathunzi'' nezinye. I-South African Broadcasting Corporation iyinkampani kahulumeni elimandla amakhulu ngokubanamatshaneli kamabonakude nomsakazo njenge SABC1, 2 no-3, SABC News, SABC Sport, uKhozi FM, Umhlobo weNene, neLesedi FM. Isiphathamandla esiziMele zokuXhumana saseNingizimu Afrika silawula imigqubomgomo nemibandela elawula umkhakha wamabonakude, umsakazo nentanethi.

=== Ezobuciko ===
[[File:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|236x236px|Uzindlu zamaNdebele ezimabalabala]]
Ubuciko njengokuzihlobisa noma ukuhlobisa izindawo zokuhlala yinxenye yesiko elimnqoka ebantwini baseNingizimu Afrika ngoba luveza ubutho bomuntu nomphakathi futhi unikeza abantu yokuziveza uqobo. AmaNdelele adumile ngokudweba izithombe zemibala ezindlini zabo, nokumbatha ubucwebe bensimbi. Ama-Khoi San wayedweba izithombe emihumeni. AbaNguni, amaKhoi-San, nabaTswana baziwa nokumbatha izikhumba zezilwane nobucwebe bobuhlalu. AmaTsonga namaVenda banomlando omude wokuthunga izingubo ngokotini (olwaziwa ngelimi lakubo nge-''mpela ya swinwela''). Kusukela izi-1800, kunezindwangu ezazivela njenge-''Seshweshwe'' samaTswana, amaPedi nabeSuthu, ingubo ye-''Seanamarena'', kanye nom-''Bhaco'' wamaXhosa. Kunezakhiwo eziphakeme zokukhombiswa ubuciko nezithombe eNingizimu Afrika njenge-Zeits Museum of Contemporary Art, Iziko South African National Gallery, ne-Johannesburg Art Museum

=== Ezobucikomazwi ===
[[File:John L Dube 001.jpg|thumb|228x228px|u[[John Langalibalele Dube]] owasingula iphephazindaba ''iLanga lase Natali'', owabhala incwadi ''iNsila kaShaka'', nowungubaba we-''African National Congress'', futhi wasungula isikole sasOhlange]]
Ukubhala akuveli ngokomdabu eNingizimu Afrika ngoba abantu bomdabu bebandlulisa umlando ngokukhuluma. Kodwa makufika abahwebi nezithunywa zevangeli kwaqala ukubhalwa ngokuhumusha iBhayibheli elwimini lwesintu. Lokhu kuqale isiko sokubhala izincwadi. Ababhali abadumile ngo-Steve Bantu Biko (umholi weBlack Consciousness Movement odume ngokubhala u-''I Write What I Like''), uNelson Mandela (owabhala umlando wempilo yakhe nokumelana nobandlululo u-''Long Walk to Freedom''), uSolomon Plaatjie (owabhala u-''Mhudi'': ''An Epic of South African Native Life a Hundred Years Ago''), uJohn Langalibalele Dube (ubaba we-ANC, owabhala ''iNsila kaShaka''), Athol Fugard (owabhala u-''Cry, my Beloved Country''), Nadine Gordimer (owaklomiswa i-''Nobel Prize in Literature''), Alan Paton (owabhala imidlalo), uMazisi Kunene (umbhali wezinkondlo).

=== Izinsuku zomphakathi zokuguba okuthile ===

* 1 uMasingana: uSuku lokuGuba ukuQalwa kwoNyaka oMusha.
* Ngo-Ndasa kufika kuMbasa: uLwesihlanu oMuhle oguba ukuqala kwePasika, ilanga lokuhlatshwa kukaJesu Khrestu. 
* Usonto olulandela uLwesihlanu oMuhle: uSuku wemiNdeni, ogujwa ngenxa yokuvuka kukaJesu Khrestu kwabafileyo
* 21 uNdasa: uSuku lokuGuba amaLungelo waBantu. Luyisikhumbuzo lwokubhubhiswa kwabantu baseSharpeville ngenxa yokushisa ama-dompass.
* 27 uMbasa: uSuku lokuGuba iNkukuleko. Luyisikhumbuzo lokhetho wokuqala wentandoyeningi lapho abansundu bavumelekile ukuvota.
* 1 uNhlaba: uSuku lokuGuba abaSebenzi.
* 9 uNcwaba: uSuku lokuGuba abesiFazane. Luyisikhumbuzo sabesifazane benhlangano iBlack Sash abahambale eZakhiweni zeNyunyana ukumelana nobandlululo okwehlanga
* 24 uMandulo: uSuku lokuGuba amaSiko. Luyisikhumbuzo sokushona kweSilo samaBandla uShaka kaSenzangakhona Zulu
* 16 uZibandlela: uSuku lokuGuba ukuBuyiselana. Kwakuwusuku wokuguba ukunqoba kwamaBhunu empini yaseNcome
* 25 uZibandlela: uKhesimusi. Kugujwa ukuzalwa kukaJesu Khrestu.

=== Izimpawu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Uhlu lwezimpawu
!Uphawu
!Isithombe
!Igama
|-
|iNyoni
|[[File:2 Blue crane and the International Crane Foundation in Baraboo, Wisconsin.jpg|frameless|181x181px]]
|iNdwe (''Blue Crane'')
|-
|iNyamazane
|[[File:Antidorcas marsupialis, male (Etosha, 2012).jpg|frameless|182x182px]]
|iMpunzi (''Springbok'')
|-
|uMuthi
|[[File:Podocarpus latifolius - Cape Town - 3.JPG|frameless|180x180px]]
|umSonti (''Yellowwood'')
|-
|iNhlanzi
|[[File:Galjoen (Dichistius capensis).jpg|frameless|179x179px]]
|iDamba (''Galjoen'')
|-
|iMbali
|[[File:Protéa royale à Stellenbosch (Afrique du Sud).jpg|frameless|178x178px]]
|[[Isiqalaba|isiQalaba]] (''King Protea'')
|}

== Imithombo ==
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* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.

== Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]]

Uthando luyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ebuntwini futhi luboniswa emasikweni ahlukene nasezifundeni ngezindlela ezihlukene emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenzisa ukushukuma komzimba, imikhosi, imikhosi kanye nokubhala inkulumo yale mizwa ecebile nenhle, sidinga usizo lwakho ukuze sabelane futhi sisakaze ukujula kwamasiko isifunda ngasinye esinaso, okungcono kakhulu ukuthi abantu bakuleso sifunda balugubha kanjani uthando.

[[c: Commons: Wiki Loves Love | Wiki Loves Love (WLL)] a mncintiswano wokuthwebula izithombe wamazwe omhlaba weWikimedia Commons onobufakazi besifundo sothando okwenzeka ngenyanga kaFebhuwari.

Inhloso yokuqala yalo mncintiswano ukubhala imibhalo yothando ngokuhlukahluka kwamasiko abantu njengezigodlo, imicikilisho, isithombe esibonisa ukuthambekela kwezimpawu zesisa, nezinto ezixubile ezisetshenziswe njengophawu lothando; ukukhombisa izindatshana embhalweni wamahhala we-Wikipedia womhlaba wonke, namanye amaphrojekthi weWikimedia Foundation (WMF).

Ingqikithi yonyaka ka-2019 ithi '' '' 'Imikhosi, Imikhosi, Imikhosi kanye namasiko othando.' '' '

Bhalisa umlingani wakho noma umuntu ngamunye ekhasini [[: c: Commons: Wiki Loves Love 2019 / Abahlanganyeli | Abahlanganyeli]].

Ukwazi kabanzi ngalo mncintiswano, hlola i- [[: c: Commons: Wiki Loves Love 2019 | Commons Page]] no- [[: c: Commons: Wiki Loves Love 2018 / FAQ | FAQs]]

Kunemiklomelo eminingana yokubamba. Ngiyethemba ukukubona usakaza uthando kuloFebhuwari ngeWiki Loves Love!

Ozithobayo,

[[c: Commons: Wiki Loves Love 2018 / Ithimba Lezizwe | I-Wiki Loves Love Team]]

Cabanga ... isamba salo lonke uthando!
&lt;/div&gt;
- [[Umsebenzisi: Ukulethwa kwemiyalezo ye-MediaWiki | Ukulethwa kwemiyalezo ye-MediaWiki]] ([Umsebenzisi uyakhuluma: Ukulethwa komyalezo weMediaWiki [inkulumo]] 10: 10, 27, azibandlela 2018 (UTC)

== Machine translation support enabled today for Content Translation ==

{{int:Please-translate}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; 

Sawubona, usekelo lokuhumusha ngomshini we- [[: mw: Okuqukethwe_okuqukethwe | Okuhunyushiwe kokuqukethwe]] (isici se-beta) manje sekunwetshiwe futhi sanikwa amandla abasebenzisi beWikipedia, ngokufakwa kwe [[: en: Google_Translate | Google Humusha]]. Ingasetshenziswa lapho uhumusha izindatshana zeWikipedia nge-Okuhunyushwa Okuqukethwe. Ukuze uqale ukusebenzisa le nsiza, sicela ukhethe i - '' Google Humusha '' kusuka kumenyu yokudonsela phansi '' okuzenzakalelayo '' oyibona kubha eseceleni ngemuva kokuqala ukuhumusha i-athikili.

Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele, ukuhumusha ngomshini kuyatholakala kuzo zonke izilimi ezisekelwa i-Google Humusha, kepha ukuhumusha okuqukethwe kungasasebenza ngendlela ejwayelekile yokuhumusha kusuka kuzo zonke izilimi, kusekelwa noma ngaphandle komshini wokuxhaswa komshini. Ngenkathi ukuhumusha komshini kukhona ukusiza ukudala okuqukethwe kalula, sithanda ukugcizelela ukuthi ngaphambi kokushicilela, okuqukethwe kokugcina kufanele kubuyekezwe njalo ukugwema amaphutha nokucacisa. Siyethemba ukuthi umphakathi wakho we-wiki uzothola le nsiza entsha ilusizo, nokuthi izokusiza ukuthi wakhe ama-athikili amaningi ngolimi lwakho.

I-Wikimedia Foundation ne-Google bahlanganyele ukusebenza [ Ngeminye imininingwane, sikucela ukuthi ubheke ngomusa imininingwane mayelana [[: mw: Okuqukethwe_Umshini / Umshini_Translation | izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ngomshini ku-Ukuhumusha Okuqukethwe]] nange [ ]]. Ungaphinde ufunde i- [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2019/01/09/you-can-now-use-go-google-translate-to-translate-articles-on-wikipedia isimemezelo esikhulu ezindabeni zeWikimedia]. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele, ukuhumusha okwenziwe kusetshenziswa ukuhumusha kokuqukethwe kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa nezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ngomshini.

Sivivile insizakalo ukuze isetshenziswe, kepha kungaba nezinkinga ezingaziwa esingazazi okwamanje. Sicela usazise ku- [[: mw: Talk: Okuqukethwe_translation | ikhasi le-Talk Talk]] uma ubhekana nezinkinga usebenzisa ukuhumusha okuqukethwe. Lo mlayezo ubhalwe ngesiNgisi kuphela futhi sizothokoza kakhulu uma ungahunyushelwa kwabanye abasebenzisi be-Wikipedia.

Ngiyabonga. - Esikhundleni sethimba loLimi le-WMF: [[m: Umsebenzisi: Runab_WMF | Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[m: Umsebenzisi_talk: Runab_WMF | talk]]) 16:15, 9 Umasingana 2019 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;

== FileExporter beta feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
[[File:Logo for the beta feature FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]]
A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature.

The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. 

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:42, 14 Umasingana 2019 (UTC)

== Talk to us about talking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt=&quot; icon depicting two speech Bubbles&quot;|frameless|right|120px]]
The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication.

We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices.

We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives.

We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help.

'''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.'''

You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do:  
# First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]]  
# Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group.  This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback.  
# Then ask people what they think about communication processes.  We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki.  Please consider asking these five questions:
## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you?
## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them?
## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages?
## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations?
## What are the important aspects of a &quot;wiki discussion&quot;?
# Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group.  Please include links if the discussion is available to the public.

'''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.'''

Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]].

You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer.

Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you.
&lt;/div&gt; [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:01, 21 uNhlolanja 2019 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013)
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor &amp; Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 17:40, 13 uMbasa 2019 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 10:57, 8 uNdasa 2019 (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request ==

{{int:please-translate}}

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 17:35, 12 uNdasa 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Editing News #1—July 2019 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
&lt;big&gt;'''Did you know?'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?

Every article has a pencil icon at the top.  Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing.  

'''&lt;big&gt;Edit Cards&lt;/big&gt;'''

[[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].'''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter.

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more.  All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]].  

Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you:  

&lt;strong&gt;Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?&lt;/strong&gt;

If you are interested, we would value your input!  You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. 

&lt;em&gt;Follow these instructions and share your experience:&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].&lt;/strong&gt;

=== Recent releases ===
The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]].  The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: 

# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]]
#* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits.
#* The team studied this with an A/B test.  [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing.
# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]]
#* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing.

Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor.

=== New and active projects ===
This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings.

*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles.  You can try this feature now.  &lt;em&gt;Go here to see how:&lt;/em&gt; [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 &lt;em&gt;Try Edit Cards&lt;/em&gt;]].
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks:  ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?''  We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use.  The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools.

=== Looking ahead ===

* '''Wikimania:'''  Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019.  They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]].  Talk to the team about how editing can be improved.
* '''Talk Pages:'''  In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis.

=== Learning more ===
The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

[[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 
&lt;/div&gt; 18:32, 23 uNtulikazi 2019 (UTC)
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== Free encyclopedia in Zulu ==

Hi!

The current logo of the Zulu Wikipedia at the top of the page appears in English. It should be translated into Zulu, as it is in most languages.

Unfortunately I don't know Zulu, but if anyone can tell me the good translation for &quot;The Free Encyclopedia&quot;, I can get the logo made.

An important thing to note is that the word &quot;Free&quot; must have the meaning of &quot;freedom&quot; or &quot;liberty&quot; and not &quot;zero dollars&quot;.

I asked several people who know Zulu, and I received these suggestions:

# Umthombo wenkululeko wolwazi
# Umqulu-wolwazi okhululekile
# Umqulu okhululekile wolwazi

Is any of these a good translation? Can anyone suggest something better?

Thanks! --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 06:24, 3 uNcwaba 2019 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Amire80}}, I think the third translation is better and conveys the tag line more clearly. -- [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 05:30, 3 Umasingana 2021 (UTC)

== Update on the consultation about office actions ==

Hello all, 

Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. 

This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation.

For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation.

Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. 

Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust &amp; Safety team]] 08:03, 16 uNcwaba 2019 (UTC)
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== New tools and IP masking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hey everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling.

We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment.

You can post in your language if you can't write in English.
[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 14:18, 21 uNcwaba 2019 (UTC)
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== The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Hello, 

In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to &quot;re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)&quot;.

Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. 

How can you help?

* Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset);

* Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or

* Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans.

We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation!

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] 17:14, 30 uMandulo 2019 (UTC)
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== Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Please-translate}}

{{int: Sawubona}}. Iqembu leWebhu yabafundi e-WMF lizosebenza kokunye [[mw: Okukhethekile: MyLanguage / Read / Web / Improvements | ukuphuculwa kwekhompiyutha esibonakalayo]] eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Umgomo ukukhulisa ukusebenza ngaphandle kokususa ukusebenza. Sikhuthazwe wushintsho olwenziwe amavolontiya, kepha okwamanje kukhona njengamagajethi endawo nemibhalo yomsebenzisi, prototypes, nezikhumba eziholwa ngokuzithandela. Sifisa ukuqala inqubo yokuletha ezinye zalezi zinguquko kulwazi oluzenzakalelayo kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi eWikimedia.

Okwamanje sisesigabeni sokucwaninga sale projekthi futhi sifuna imibono yokuthuthuka, kanye nempendulo ngemibono yethu yamanje nokukhinyabezeka. Kuze kube manje, senze izingxoxo namalungu omphakathi eWikimania. Siqoqe uhlu lwamavolontiya wangaphambilini kanye nomsebenzi weWMF kule ndawo. Sihlola izindlela ezingaba ezobuchwepheshe zezinguquko ezinjalo.

Sithanda impendulo ngayinye ngokulandelayo:

* Ukuhlonza izindawo okugxilwe kuzo yephrojekthi esingakazitholi
* Ukunwebisa uhlu lwamagajethi akhona nemibhalo yomsebenzisi ehlobene nokunikeza isipiliyoni sedeskithophu engcono. Uma ungacabanga okunye kwalokhu kusuka kwi-wiki yakho, sicela usazise
* Impendulo ngemibono kanye nama-mockups esiqoqe kuze kube manje

Sithanda futhi ukuqoqa uhlu lwama-wikis angaba nentshisekelo yokuba ama-wikis wokuhlola kulo msebenzi - laba bantu abazoba ngabokuqala ukuthola izibuyekezo uma sesikulungele ukuqala ukwakha.

Lapho unikeza impendulo, sicela ubheke izinjongo ezilandelayo zephrojekthi:

* Yenza kube lula ukuthi abafundi bagxile kokuqukethwe
* Nikeza ukufinyelela okulula kwezenzo zansuku zonke (isb. Ukusesha, ukushintshela kolimi, ukuhlela)
* Beka izinto ezindaweni ezinengqondo nezisebenzayo
* Khulisa ukuvumelana ekubonaneni namanye amapulatifomu - iwebhu yeselula kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza
Qeda imfuhlumfuhlu
* Hlela ukukhula kwesikhathi esizayo

Kanye nalezi zingqinamba ezilandelayo:

* Ukungathinti okuqukethwe - awukho umsebenzi ozokwenziwa ngokuya ngezifanekiso zezitayela noma ngesakhiwo sokuqukethwe kwekhasi ngokwazo
* Ukungasusi noma yikuphi ukusebenza - izinto zingahambahamba, kepha zonke izinto zokuhamba nokunye ukusebenza njengamanje okuzenzakalelayo kuzohlala
* Akukho zinguquko ezinkulu esimweni - sithatha indlela yokuziphendukela kwezinguquko futhi sifuna isayithi liqhubeke nokuzizwa ngabajwayele abafundi nabahleli

Uyacelwa ukuthi unikeze yonke impendulo (nganoma yiluphi ulimi) ku- [[mw: Inkulumo: Ukufundwa / Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-web / Desktop |

Ngemuva kwalo mbuthano wokuphendula, sihlela ukwakha uhlobo lokushintsha okuphakanyisiwe olususelwa kwimpendulo esiyitholile. Uzobuye uzwe kithina ebuza ngempendulo kule prototype.

{{Int: Impendulo-Thanks-isihloko}} [[mw: Umsebenzisi: Quiddity (WMF) | I-Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw: Inkulumo yomsebenzisi: Quiddity (WMF) | talk]]
&lt;/div&gt; 07: 18, 16 Mfumfu 2019 (UTC)
&lt;! - Umlayezo othunyelwe nguMsebenzisi: Quiddity (WMF) @metawiki usebenzisa uhlu ku-https: //meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_4&amp;oldid=19462890 -&gt;

== Beta feature &quot;Reference Previews&quot; ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page.

Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]].

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:47, 23 uMfumfu 2019 (UTC)
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== Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]].

=== Help ===
&lt;strong&gt;What talk page interactions do you remember?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else?  Whatever your story is, we want to hear it!  

Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the &lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/mark&gt;  The team wants your examples.  These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage.

=== Talk pages project ===
The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools.  The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. 

The team needs and wants your help at this early stage.  They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Getting involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate.

=== Mobile visual editor ===
The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices.  The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ====
[[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link.  The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]]

* On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor.
* There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links.  There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]].
* Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ====
[[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor.  The old system had two different toolbars.  Now, all the buttons are together.  [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]]

* In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar.  Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor.
** &lt;em&gt;One toolbar:&lt;/em&gt; All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar.  Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things.
**&lt;em&gt;New navigation:&lt;/em&gt; The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed.
**&lt;em&gt;Seamless switching:&lt;/em&gt; an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes.
* Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]].

=== Wikimania ===
The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden.  They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]].  They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors.  You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]].

=== Looking ahead ===

* &lt;strong&gt;Talk Pages Project:&lt;/strong&gt; The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes.  The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;Getting involved&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:&lt;/strong&gt;  The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|&lt;strong&gt;VisualEditor as mobile default project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:&lt;/strong&gt;  This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations.  The Editing team hopes to share results in November.  The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|&lt;strong&gt;Edit Cards project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].

– [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 11:12, 29 uMfumfu 2019 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia Asian Month 2019 ==

div lang = &quot;en&quot; dir = &quot;ltr&quot; class = &quot;mw-okuqukethwe-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int: sicela uhumushe}}

[[Ifayela: I-WAM logo ngaphandle kombhalo.svg | kwesokudla | i-frameless]]

'' 'Inyanga ye-Wikipedia Asia' '' ibuyile! Sikufisela inhlanhla nonke emncintiswaneni. Imihlahlandlela eyisisekelo yomncintiswano ingatholakala ekhasini lakho lendawo ye-Wikipedia Asia Month. Ngeminye imininingwane, bheka [[: m: Wikipedia Asia Month 2019 | ekhasini lethu leMeta]] kubahleli.

Ngibheke phambili ukuhlangana namanxusa alandelayo e-Wikipedia Asia Month 2019!

Ngosizo olwengeziwe lokuhlela umcimbi ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, thintana neqembu lethu lamazwe aphesheya [[: m: Talk: Wikipedia Asia Month 2019 | on wiki]] noma nge-imeyili. Singajabulela ukuhunyushwa kwalomyalezo ngolimi lwendawo ngabahumushi bokuzithandela. Ngiyabonga!

[[: m: Inyanga ye-Wikipedia Asia Month 2019 / Iqembu Lwamazwe Amhlaba | Iqembu Lezizwe lase-Wikipedia Asia.]]

[[Umsebenzisi: Ukulethwa kwemiyalezo ye-MediaWiki | Ukulethwa kwemiyalezo ye-MediaWiki]] ([Umsebenzisi uyakhuluma: Ukulethwa komyalezo weMediaWiki [inkulumo]]) 16:57, 31 uMfumfu 2019 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;! - Umlayezo othunyelwe nguMsebenzisi: Tiven2240 @ metawiki usebenzisa uhlu ku-https: //meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&amp;oldid=19499019 -&gt;

== Extension of Wikipedia Asian Month contest ==

In consideration of a week-long internet block in Iran, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] contest has been extended for a week past November. The articles submitted till 7th December 2019, 23:59 UTC will be accepted by the fountain tools of the participating wikis.

Please help us translate and spread this message in your local language. 

[[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]]

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:16, 27 uLwezi 2019 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore ==

[[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|100px|right|frameless]]
'''Hello Folks,'''

Wiki Loves Love is back again in 2020 iteration as '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' from 1 February, 2020 - 29 February, 2020. Join us to celebrate the local cultural heritage of your region with the theme of folklore in the international photography contest at [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wllove Wikimedia Commons]. Images, videos and audios representing different forms of folk cultures and new forms of heritage that haven’t otherwise been documented so far are welcome submissions in Wiki Loves Folklore. Learn more about the contest at [[m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Meta-Wiki]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Commons]].

'''Kind regards,'''&lt;br/&gt;
[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore/International Team|'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''']]&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&amp;mdash;&amp;nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;'''Tulsi Bhagat'''&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;small&gt;([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;contribs&lt;/span&gt;]] &amp;#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
sent using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:15, 18 Umasingana 2020 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project ==

Hello

The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement.

To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating!

-- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 19:01, 22 Umasingana 2020 (UTC)
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== Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages ==

''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' 

You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment.  We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 14:15, 26 uNhlolanja 2020 (UTC)
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== Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]]

The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]].  The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.  This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. 

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]]

The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now.  This early version can sign and indent comments automatically.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].&lt;/strong&gt;  

*On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias:  [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]].  If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]].
*The team is planning some upcoming changes.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.&lt;/strong&gt;  The team will test features such as:
**an easy way to mention another editor (&quot;pinging&quot;), 
**a rich-text visual editing option, and 
**other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors.  

To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Get involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]].

– [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 19:27, 8 uNdasa 2020 (UTC)
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== [[Iselesele]] ==

Hi, sorry for the English. I'm not a native Zulu speaker and would like to know how to write sentences introducing frog species ([[iselesele]]). I haven't quite mastered Zulu noun classes yet, so I'd be happy to get some help.

For example, would this sentence be correct?

'''Umgqagqa i-Argusa''' (''Hyperolius argus'') y[[iselesele]].

The frog names are from:

*{{cite journal |authors=Phaka FM, Netherlands EC, Kruger DJD, Du Preez LH |title=Folk taxonomy and indigenous names for frogs in Zululand, South Africa |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=17 |date=March 2019 |pmid=30914047  |doi=10.1186/s13002-019-0294-3}}

[[User:Umgqagqa|Umgqagqa]] ([[User talk:Umgqagqa|talk]]) 07:43, 13 uNhlangulana 2020 (UTC)

== Editing news 2020 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar.  [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]]

This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|&lt;strong&gt;Reply tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias).  The Beta Feature is called &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot;.  The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon.  The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt;. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now.  Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|&lt;strong&gt;New requirements for user signatures&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable.  Most editors will not be affected.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|&lt;strong&gt;New discussion tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions.   You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|&lt;strong&gt;Research on the use of talk pages&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles.  We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. 

– [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 20:33, 17 uNhlangulana 2020 (UTC)
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== Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos ==

[[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]]
This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020.

The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign.

With kind regards,

Thank you,

Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 08:24, 1 uNtulikazi 2020 (UTC)

''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community''
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== Feedback on movement names ==

{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented.

Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. 

Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki.

Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 19:42, 2 uNtulikazi 2020 (UTC)

''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].''
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== Editing news 2020 #3 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=A gold star with a blue ribbon, and the text 50m|More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.|400px]]

Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors.  Since then, editors have achieved many milestones:

* More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.
* More than &lt;strong&gt;2 million new articles&lt;/strong&gt; have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019.
* The visual editor is &lt;strong&gt;increasingly popular&lt;/strong&gt;.  The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction.
* In 2019, &lt;strong&gt;35% of the edits by newcomers&lt;/strong&gt; (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has &lt;strong&gt;increased every year&lt;/strong&gt;.
* Almost &lt;strong&gt;5 million edits on the mobile site&lt;/strong&gt; have been made with the visual editor.  Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018.
* On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 &lt;strong&gt;first edit from outer space&lt;/strong&gt;] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀
* Editors have made more than &lt;strong&gt;7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor&lt;/strong&gt;, including starting &lt;strong&gt;600,000 new articles&lt;/strong&gt; in it.  The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode.  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]].

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])

&lt;/div&gt; 12:55, 9 uNtulikazi 2020 (UTC)
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== Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all,

It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new.

This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 &lt;ref&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]&lt;/ref&gt; after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world.

The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language.

As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation &lt;ref&gt;[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams.

It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project.

We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions.

There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list &lt;ref&gt;[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path.

Yours,

Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) 

&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 20:10, 9 uNtulikazi 2020 (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' &lt;/small&gt;
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== Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. 
How does it work? 

Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link &quot;Move file to Wikimedia Commons&quot; on the local file page. 

Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. 

Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. 

If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: &lt;/div&gt;[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 09:14, 6 uNcwaba 2020 (UTC)
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== Important: maintenance operation on September 1st ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' 
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt; 13:49, 26 uNcwaba 2020 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias

Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR].

A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 09:49, 3 uMandulo 2020 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to participate in the conversation ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020.

The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved?

Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. 

To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages.

To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta.

Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 17:55, 10 uMandulo 2020 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Wiki of functions naming contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations.

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 21:23, 29 uMandulo 2020 (UTC)
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== Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 17:17, 7 uMfumfu 2020 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Important: maintenance operation on October 27 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; -- &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;  17:11, 21 uMfumfu 2020 (UTC)
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== Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}.
Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 22:10, 5 uLwezi 2020 (UTC)
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== Call for insights on ways to better communicate the work of the movement ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
	{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. A translatable version of this message is available [[m:Movement_communications_insights/Invitation|on Meta]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
	
	'''Call for insights on ways to better communicate the work of the movement'''
	
	The Movement Strategy recommendations published this year made clear the importance of establishing stronger communications within our movement. To this end, the Foundation wants to gather insights from communities on ways we all might more consistently communicate about our collective work, and better highlight community contributions from across the movement. Over the coming months, we will be running focus groups and online discussions to collect these insights. Visit the [[m:Movement communications insights|page on Meta-Wiki]] to sign up for a focus group or participate in the discussion.
	
	&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:ELappen (WMF)|ELappen (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:ELappen (WMF)|talk]]) 18:56, 18 uLwezi 2020 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open!
This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better.
The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors.
You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals!
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

18:09, 20 uLwezi 2020 (UTC)
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== Global bot policy proposal: invitation to a Meta discussion ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:hello}}!

I apologize for sending a message in English. {{int:please-translate}}. According to [[:m:Bot_policy/Implementation#Where_it_is_policy|the list]], your wiki project currently is opted in to the [[:m:Bot_policy#Global_bots|global bot policy]]. Under this policy, bots that fix double redirects or maintain interwiki links are allowed to operate under a global bot flag that is assigned directly by the stewards.

As the Wikimedia projects developed, the need for the current global bot policy decreased, and in the past years, no bots were appointed via that policy. That is mainly given Wikidata were estabilished in 2013, and it is no longer necessary to have dozens of bots that maintain interwiki links.

A [[:m:Requests for comment/Refine global bot policy|proposal]] was made at Meta-Wiki, which proposes that the stewards will be authorized to determine whether an uncontroversial task may be assigned a global bot flag. The stewards already assign permissions that are more impactful on many wikis, namely, [[:m:GS|global sysops]] and [[:m:GR|global renamers]], and I do not think that trust should be an issue. The stewards will assign the permission only to time-proven bots that are already approved at a number of projects, like [[:m:User:ListeriaBot|ListeriaBot]].

By this message, I would like to invite you to comment [[:m:Requests for comment/Refine global bot policy|in the global RFC]], to voice your opinion about this matter.

Thank you for your time.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] ([[:m:User talk:Martin Urbanec|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 11:49, 24 uLwezi 2020 (UTC)
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== Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!''

As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article.

Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki.

This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond.

Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015.

If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks!

[[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 14:39, 30 uLwezi 2020 (UTC)
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== 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all,

The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools!

You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 10:55, 7 uZibandlela 2020 (UTC)
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2021 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
'''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.'''

In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones.

We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams.

'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]'''

We are waiting for your votes. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]

00:52, 15 uZibandlela 2020 (UTC)
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== Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]]

''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

[[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning
process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. 

''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 15:16, 27 Umasingana 2021 (UTC) 
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== Project Grant Open Call ==

This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.&lt;br&gt; This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.&lt;br&gt;

For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building.  We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:&lt;br&gt;

* Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal:
* [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application&lt;br&gt;
* General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants &lt;br&gt;
* [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]&lt;br&gt;

Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.&lt;br&gt;

We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!&lt;br&gt;

Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:01, 28 Umasingana 2021 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added

We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
--12:57, 1 uNhlolanja 2021 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore 2021 is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2021|Wiki Loves Folklore 2021]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the 1st till the 28th of February.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2021 submitting] them in this commons contest.

Please support us in translating the [[:c:Commons: Wiki Loves Folklore 2021|project page]] and a [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Translate?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-wikiloveslove2020&amp;language=en&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate|one-line banner message] to help us spread the word in your native language.

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:25, 6 uNhlolanja 2021 (UTC)
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== Feminism &amp; Folklore 1 February - 31 March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! 

You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. 

You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. 

Feminism and Folklore team,

[[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 02:40, 16 uNhlolanja 2021 (UTC)

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== Proposal: Set two-letter project shortcuts as alias to project namespace globally ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello everyone,

I apologize for posting in English. I would like to inform everyone that I created a new global request for comment (GRFC) at Meta Wiki, which may affect your project: [[:m:Requests for comment/Set short project namespace aliases by default globally]].

In this GRFC, I propose that two-project shortcuts for project names will become a default alias for the project namespace. For instance, on all Wikipedias, WP will be an alias to the Wikipedia: namespace (and similar for other projects). Full list is available in the GRFC.

This is already the case for Wikivoyages, and many individual projects asked for this alias to be implemented. I believe this makes it easier to access the materials in the project namespace, as well as creating shortcuts like &lt;tt&gt;WP:NPOV&lt;/tt&gt;, as well as helps new projects to use this feature, without having to figure out how to request site configuration changes first.

As far as I can see, {{SITENAME}} currently does not have such an alias set. This means that such an alias will be set for you, if the GRFC is accepted by the global community.

I would like to ask all community members to participate in the request for comment at Meta-Wiki, see [[:m:Requests for comment/Set short project namespace aliases by default globally]].

Please feel free to [[:m:User talk:Martin Urbanec|ask me]] if you have any questions about this proposal.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;
--[[:m:User:Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] ([[:m:User talk:Martin Urbanec|talk]]) 14:13, 18 uNhlolanja 2021 (UTC)
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== Proposal: Set two-letter project shortcuts as alias to project namespace globally ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello everyone,

I apologize for posting in English. I would like to inform everyone that I created a new global request for comment (GRFC) at Meta Wiki, which may affect your project: [[:m:Requests for comment/Set short project namespace aliases by default globally]].

In this GRFC, I propose that two-project shortcuts for project names will become a default alias for the project namespace. For instance, on all Wikipedias, WP will be an alias to the Wikipedia: namespace (and similar for other projects). Full list is available in the GRFC.

This is already the case for Wikivoyages, and many individual projects asked for this alias to be implemented. I believe this makes it easier to access the materials in the project namespace, as well as creating shortcuts like &lt;tt&gt;WP:NPOV&lt;/tt&gt;, as well as helps new projects to use this feature, without having to figure out how to request site configuration changes first.

As far as I can see, {{SITENAME}} currently does not have such an alias set. This means that such an alias will be set for you, if the GRFC is accepted by the global community.

I would like to ask all community members to participate in the request for comment at Meta-Wiki, see [[:m:Requests for comment/Set short project namespace aliases by default globally]].

Please feel free to [[:m:User talk:Martin Urbanec|ask me]] if you have any questions about this proposal.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;
--[[:m:User:Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] ([[:m:User talk:Martin Urbanec|talk]]) 15:51, 18 uNhlolanja 2021 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions logo contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 01:47, 2 uNdasa 2021 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 ===

{{int:please-translate}}

The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']].

==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ====

The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment.

To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]].

==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ====

From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable.

To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]].

-- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) 22:09, 5 uMbasa 2021 (UTC)
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== Global bot policy changes ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:hello}}!

I apologize for sending a message in English. {{int:please-translate}}. According to [[:m:Bot_policy/Implementation#Where_it_is_policy|the list]], your wiki project is currently opted in to the [[:m:Bot_policy#Global_bots|global bot policy]]. As such, I want to let you know about some changes that were made after the [[:m:Requests for comment/Refine global bot policy|global RfC]] was closed.

*Global bots are now subject to a 2 week discussion, and it'll be publicized via a MassMessage list, available at [[:m:Bot policy/New global bot discussion|Bot policy/New global bot discussion]] on Meta. Please subscribe yourself or your wiki if you are interested in new global bots proposals.
*For a bot to be considered for approval, it must demonstrate it is welcomed in multiple projects, and a good way to do that is to have the bot flag on at least 5 wikis for a single task.
*The bot operator should make sure to adhere to the wiki's preference as related to the use of the bot flag (i.e., if a wiki doesn't want a bot to use the flag as it edits, that should be followed).

Thank you for your time.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;
—'''''&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Candara&quot;&gt;[[User:Tks4Fish|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Thanks for the fish!&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User Talk:Tks4Fish|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]•[[Special:Contribs/Tks4Fish|contribs]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;''''' 18:49, 6 uMbasa 2021 (UTC)
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== Line numbering coming soon to all wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

[[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]]
From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. 

More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 15:09, 12 uMbasa 2021 (UTC)
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== Suggested Values ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones.

More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]].

&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 14:09, 22 uMbasa 2021 (UTC)
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== Suggested Values ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones.

More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]].

&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 19:36, 22 uMbasa 2021 (UTC)
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== Request for your feedback on improving the Content Translation tool for Zulu Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Zulu Wikipedians!

Apologies as this message is not in your native language, {{Int:Please-translate}}.

The WMF language team is reaching out to your community, the Zulu Wikipedia, about the [https://zu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=zu#draft Content translation tool]. 

We noticed that articles created with the Content Translation tool in your wiki are deleted more than in other Wikipedias. We say this because, from our statistics, 5157 articles were added to Zulu Wikipedia in 2020. Out of the above figure, only 11 of them were translated using the Content Translation tool; 6 of the articles added with Content translation were deleted. The deletion rate and the tool's low usage signals a problem or deficiencies that might be peculiar to Zulu Wikipedia. 
The Content Translation tool can increase content creation in your Wikipedia. Also, it is an excellent way to efficiently introduce newcomers to adding content and expand on existing ones. 

So we, the WMF Language team will like to get answers from members of your community on the following questions:
* What deficiencies do articles created with the Content translation tool have that makes them not of good quality?
* What makes it challenging to use the tool to create content in your Wikipedia.
* How can this tool be improved to make it more user-friendly and efficient to add good quality content in your language Wikipedia? 

We believe that the answers to the above questions are good ways to get insight into improving the tool for your community and others. Please, feel free to provide us feedback in this thread or [mailto:uozurumba@wikimedia.org email us] your feedback using the title of this message as your subject.

Thank you so much, as we look forward to your participation.


[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 19:11, 26 uNhlaba 2021 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

== Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 ==

&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 1, June 2021'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC.

Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]].

You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;
* '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]])
* '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]])
* '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]])
* '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]])
* '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:06, 11 uNhlangulana 2021 (UTC)
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== Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions ==

[[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]]
Dear all,

Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021.

'''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]].

Below are some links to guide you through;
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]]

Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. 

'''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. 

'''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have.  Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]]

Best regards,

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:18, 16 uNhlangulana 2021 (UTC)

On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team
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== Editing news 2021 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=Junior contributors comment completion rate across all participating Wikipedias|thumb|296x296px|When newcomers had the Reply tool and tried to post on a talk page, they were more successful at posting a comment. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]]

Earlier this year, the Editing team ran a large study of [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply Tool]].  The main goal was to find out whether the Reply Tool helped [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary|newer editors]] communicate on wiki.  The second goal was to see whether the comments that newer editors made using the tool needed to be reverted more frequently than comments newer editors made with the existing wikitext page editor.

The key results were:

* Newer editors who had automatic (&quot;default on&quot;) access to the Reply tool were [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ more likely] to post a comment on a talk page.
* The comments that newer editors made with the Reply Tool were also [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ less likely] to be reverted than the comments that newer editors made with page editing.

These results give the Editing team confidence that the tool is helpful.

&lt;strong&gt;Looking ahead&lt;/strong&gt;

The team is planning to make the Reply tool available to everyone as an opt-out preference in the coming months.  This has already happened at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias.

The next step is to [[phab:T280599|resolve a technical challenge]]. Then, they will deploy the Reply tool first to the [[phab:T267379|Wikipedias that participated in the study]].  After that, they will deploy it, in stages, to the other Wikipedias and all WMF-hosted wikis.

You can turn on &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|in Beta Features]] now.  After you get the Reply tool, you can change your preferences at any time in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 14:14, 24 uNhlangulana 2021 (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. &lt;!--

 They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --&gt;

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST,  23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of June 28.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 01:19, 27 uNhlangulana 2021 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' -  Persian language e-books
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik &amp; Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr

Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login!

We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]].

Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]!

--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:23, 11 uNcwaba 2021 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Request for comment notification ==

Here is a link to a [[m:Requests for comment/Wikimedia Enterprise|RFC on Meta]] concerning all Wikimedia projects. Best, [[User:Lionel Scheepmans|Lionel Scheepmans]] ([[User talk:Lionel Scheepmans|talk]]) 00:55, 17 uNcwaba 2021 (UTC)

== Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021.

These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input.

Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities.

There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: 

:[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August)
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 14:00 UTC
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 15:00 UTC

Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]].

Please let me know if you have any questions.&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 23:20, 17 uNcwaba 2021 (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end ==

Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board.

6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]].

Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better.

10:03, 2 uMandulo 2021 (UTC)
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== The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello everyone,

We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well.

Summary:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-style:italic;&quot;&gt;
We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]].
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year ===

In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published.

However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]].

We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist.

=== Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities ===

We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes.

=== A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet ===

We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe.

We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon!

=== Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase ===

If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes!

=== Feedback ===
* What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages?
* How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]]
* What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022?
* What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022?

Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings.
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:23, 7 uMandulo 2021 (UTC)
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== 2021 Wikimedia Board of Trustees Election Result ==

Thank you to everyone who participated in the 2021 Board election. The Elections Committee has reviewed the votes of the 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, organized to select four new trustees. A record 6,873 people from across 214 projects cast their valid votes. The following four candidates received the most support:
*[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Rosie_Stephenson-Goodknight Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight|Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight]]
*[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Victoria_Doronina Victoria Doronina|Victoria Doronina]]
*[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Dariusz_Jemielniak Dariusz Jemielniak|Dariusz Jemielniak]]
*[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Lorenzo_Losa Lorenzo Losa|Lorenzo Losa]]
While these candidates have been ranked through the community vote, they are not yet appointed to the Board of Trustees. They still need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. The Board has set a tentative date to appoint new trustees at the end of this month.

Read the full announcement [[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/2021-09-07/2021_Election_Results|here]].
Best, [[User:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Zuz (WMF)|talk]]) 10:51, 8 uMandulo 2021 (UTC)

== Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021.

The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation.

English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months.

We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]:

* Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) 
* Are ready to find compromises. 
* Focus on inclusion and diversity. 
* Have knowledge of community consultations. 
* Have intercultural communication experience. 
* Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. 
* Have experience negotiating with different parties. 

The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place.

Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:02, 10 uMandulo 2021 (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 00:45, 11 uMandulo 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=21980442 --&gt;

== Talk to the Community Tech ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]]

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Hello!

As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022
* Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes
* Questions and answers

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online]
* Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390
* One tap mobile
** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York)
** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose)
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location]

See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 03:04, 11 uMandulo 2021 (UTC)
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== Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter ==

Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[User:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[User talk:Dušan Kreheľ|talk]]) 23:31, 29 uMandulo 2021 (UTC)

== Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open. In total, 70 Wikimedians from around the world are running for 7 seats in these elections.

'''Voting is open from October 12 to October 24, 2021.'''

The committee will consist of 15 members in total: The online communities vote for 7 members, 6 members will be selected by the Wikimedia affiliates through a parallel process, and 2 members will be appointed by the Wikimedia Foundation. The plan is to assemble the committee by November 1, 2021.

Learn about each candidate to inform your vote in the language that you prefer: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates&gt;

Learn about the Drafting Committee: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee&gt;

We are piloting a voting advice application for this election. Click yourself through the tool and you will see which candidate is closest to you! Check at &lt;https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/&gt;

Read the full announcement: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

'''Go vote at SecurePoll on:''' &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

Best,

Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Team, Wikimedia Foundation
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:25, 14 uMfumfu 2021 (UTC)
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== Learn how Movement Strategy Implementation Grants can support your Movement Strategy plans ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy Implementation grants now provide more than $2,000 USD to put Movement Strategy plans into action. Find out more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation grants, the criteria, and how to apply]].&lt;section end=&quot;annoumcent-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)#top|talk]]) 13:30, 29 October 2021 (UTC)
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== Meet the new Movement Charter Drafting Committee members ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
The Movement Charter Drafting Committee election and selection processes are complete.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|election results have been published]]. 1018 participants voted to elect seven members to the committee: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''.
* The Wikimedia Foundation has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] two members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''.

The committee will convene soon to start its work. The committee can appoint up to three more members to bridge diversity and expertise gaps.

If you are interested in engaging with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] drafting process, follow the updates [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] and join the [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group].

With thanks from the Movement Strategy and Governance team&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

15:53, 5 uLwezi 2021 (UTC)
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== Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content /&gt;
:''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022.

While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback:

* What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board?

* What involvement should candidates have during the election?

While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions.

'''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?'''

Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org.

Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:thank-you}} [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:56, 27 uZibandlela 2021 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 28th''' of February.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2022 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:15, 9 uMasingana 2022 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]].

You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... 

Thank you.

'''Feminism and Folklore Team''',

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
--05:49, 11 uMasingana 2022 (UTC)
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== Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections is now open and will close on 7 February 2022. 

With this Call for Feedback, the Movement Strategy and Governance team is taking a different approach. This approach incorporates community feedback from 2021. Instead of leading with proposals, the Call is framed around key questions from the Board of Trustees. The key questions came from the feedback about the 2021 Board of Trustees election. The intention is to inspire collective conversation and collaborative proposal development about these key questions.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Join the conversation.]]

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:04, 15 uMasingana 2022 (UTC)
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== Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections is now open and will close on 7 February 2022. 

With this Call for Feedback, the Movement Strategy and Governance team is taking a different approach. This approach incorporates community feedback from 2021. Instead of leading with proposals, the Call is framed around key questions from the Board of Trustees. The key questions came from the feedback about the 2021 Board of Trustees election. The intention is to inspire collective conversation and collaborative proposal development about these key questions.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Join the conversation.]]

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 18:17, 15 uMasingana 2022 (UTC)
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== Subscribe to the This Month in Education newsletter - learn from others and share your stories ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Dear community members, 

Greetings from the EWOC Newsletter team and the education team at Wikimedia Foundation. We are very excited to share that we on tenth years of Education Newsletter ([[m:Education/News|This Month in Education]]) invite you to join us by [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|subscribing to the newsletter on your talk page]] or by [[m:Education/News/Newsroom|sharing your activities in the upcoming newsletters]]. The Wikimedia Education newsletter is a monthly newsletter that collects articles written by community members using Wikimedia projects in education around the world, and it is published by the EWOC Newsletter team in collaboration with the Education team. These stories can bring you new ideas to try, valuable insights about the success and challenges of our community members in running education programs in their context. 

If your affiliate/language project is developing its own education initiatives, please remember to take advantage of this newsletter to publish your stories with the wider movement that shares your passion for education. You can submit newsletter articles in your own language or submit bilingual articles for the education newsletter. For the month of January the deadline to submit articles is on the 20th January. We look forward to reading your stories.

Older versions of this newsletter can be found in the [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|complete archive]].

More information about the newsletter can be found at [[m:Education/News/Publication Guidelines|Education/Newsletter/About]].

For more information, please contact spatnaik{{@}}wikimedia.org.
------
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[User:ZI Jony|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#8B0000&quot;&gt;'''ZI Jony'''&lt;/span&gt;]] [[User talk:ZI Jony|&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:Green&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;(Talk)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]], {{&lt;includeonly&gt;subst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#time:l G:i, d F Y|}} (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 5 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 5, January 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the fifth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News (formerly known as Universal Code of Conduct News)! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly or bi-weekly to subscribers. Please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive these updates.
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Call for Feedback about the Board elections''' - We invite you to give your feedback on the upcoming WMF Board of Trustees election. This call for feedback went live on 10th January 2022 and will be concluded on 16th February 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification''' - In 2021, the WMF asked communities about how to enforce the Universal Code of Conduct policy text. The revised draft of the enforcement guidelines should be ready for community vote in March. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Implementation Grants''' - As we continue to review several interesting proposals, we encourage and welcome more proposals and ideas that target a specific initiative from the Movement Strategy recommendations. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continue reading]])
*'''The New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As the UCoC Newsletter transitions into MSG Newsletter, join the facilitation team in envisioning and deciding on the new directions for this newsletter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about MSG on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:28, 29 uMasingana 2022 (UTC)
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== Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees released a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/January 2022 - Board of Trustees on Community ratification of enforcement guidelines of UCoC|statement on the ratification process]] for the '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]]'''.

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The UCoC and the Enforcement Guidelines were written by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|volunteer-staff drafting committees]] following community consultations.

The revised guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. There is a [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Changes|list of changes made]] to the guidelines after the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines review]]. '''Comments about the guidelines can be shared [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on the Enforcement Guidelines talk page on Meta-wiki]].'''

To help to understand the guidelines and process, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team will be hosting Conversation Hours on 4 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC, 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC, and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Conversations|Join the conversation hours to speak with the UCoC project team and drafting committee members about the updated guidelines and voting process]].'''

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Project#Timeline|timeline is available on Meta-wiki]]. The voting period is March 7 to 21. All eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the Enforcement guidelines, and share why. '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|See the voting information page for more details]].'''

Many participants from across the movement have provided valuable input in these ongoing conversations. The UCoC and MSG teams want to thank the Drafting Committee and the community members for their contributions to this process. 

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br/&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:56, 4 uNhlolanja 2022 (UTC)
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== Deployment of FLORES Machine Translation to Zulu Wikipedia ==

Hello Friends!
 
The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) support for the Content Translation in Zulu Wikipedia called FLORES. This means that you can choose to use [https://ai.facebook.com/blog/the-flores-101-data-set-helping-build-better-translation-systems-around-the-world/ FLORES machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles to Zulu using [https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation the Content Translation tool].
 
The FLORES Machine Translation service is provided by an [https://ai.facebook.com/ AI research team at Meta] through a free for use API key that allows the Content Translation to access the service on the FLORES server for an evaluation trial period. This MT is set as optional; in your Wikipedia, which means you can choose not to use it as your preferred initial translator. If you decide to use this service, you can select &quot;FLORES&quot; from the &quot;Initial Translation&quot; dropdown menu where you will find other existing machine translation services on the sidebar.
 
The Wikimedia Foundation has worked out an agreement that allows the use of FLORES without compromising Wikipedia’s policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user, and brand representation. You can find more information about the FLORES Machine translation on [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores#Summary_of_our_agreement_with_Meta|this page]].
 
Please note that the use of the FLORES MT is optional. However, we would want your community to:
*use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service; and
*[[mw:Talk:Content_translation|provide feedback]] about its quality and ask any questions you might have about this addition.
 
We trust that this addition is a good support to the Content Translations tool towards having better quality articles in Zulu Wikipedia.
 
Thank you!

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 10:55, 7 uNhlolanja 2022 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Task Force: Your feedback is appreciated&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Task Force. The purpose of the task force is to advise leadership development work.

The team is looking for feedback about the responsibilities of the Leadership Development Task Force. This Meta page shares the proposal for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Leadership Development Task Force]] and how [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|you can help.]] Feedback on the proposal will be collected from 7 to 25 February 2022.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:35, 9 uNhlolanja 2022 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team,

We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc.

We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language.

Best wishes,

'''International Team'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Folklore'''

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:50, 22 uNhlolanja 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Coming soon ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Several improvements around templates ===
Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki:
* Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]),
* Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]),
* and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right).

All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. &lt;/div&gt; - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12:39, 28 uNhlolanja 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki.

There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss:
* A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&amp;A|community panel]] recorded on 18 February 2022 shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants.
* The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022 and 25 February 2022.

You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance &lt;br /&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:17, 2 uNdasa 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|read more about the UCoC project]].

You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance

Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 00:52, 8 uNdasa 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;Hello! 

The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about &quot;Regional and Thematic Hubs&quot;. The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/27 November Workshop|read the report]]), but we're not finished yet. 

Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Dialogue|see Hubs Dialogue]]). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9.

The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022|More information on the event on Meta-wiki]]'''.

Best regards,

[[m:User:KVaidla (WMF)|Kaarel Vaidla]]&lt;br /&gt;Movement Strategy
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:31, 10 uNdasa 2022 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow ==

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. 

([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram])

The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]]

A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on  [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]].

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:40, 14 uNdasa 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]] initiative. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|apply if you are interested]]'''.

Thank you,

From the Community Development team&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:20, 18 uNdasa 2022 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]]
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on &lt;b&gt;31 March 2022 11:59 UTC&lt;/b&gt;. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as &lt;i&gt;folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more&lt;/i&gt;

Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. 

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:29, 26 uNdasa 2022 (UTC)
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== Making Flores a default Machine Translation for three months in Zulu Wikipedia ==

Hello Friends!

The WMF Language team would like to make [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores Flores], provided by an [https://ai.facebook.com/ AI research team at Meta], the default machine translation support in your Wikipedia Content Translation tool for a test period of 3 months.

The above experiment will help us determine how useful the Machine Translation is for your community more reliably. By setting Flores as the default service, we expect more content to be created by using it and the data about its quality to be more representative. We plan to effect this change on 11th April 2022 unless your community has an objection not to make the FLORES the default Machine translation. 

It is okay if individuals decide to select their default service, which would also be helpful to understand user preferences. However, we would encourage you to use it. After three months, we would revert to the initial default machine translation unless your community thinks otherwise. 

We thank you for your support and look forward to the outcome of this test.

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 18:28, 28 uNdasa 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

===Flores now enabled as default Machine Translation for three months in Zulu Wikipedia===
Hello friends!

The WMF Language team has made the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores Flores] the default machine translation support in your Wikipedia Content Translation tool for a test period of three months as planned. 

We look forward to your using the Machine Translation, feedback from your community within this period, and the outcome of this test.

Thank you!

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 15:57, 12 uMbasa 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting is now closed&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Greetings,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) came to a close on 21 March 2022. Over {{#expr:2300}} Wikimedians voted across different regions of our movement. Thank you to everyone who participated in this process! The scrutinizing group is now reviewing the vote for accuracy, so please allow up to two weeks for them to finish their work.

The final results from the voting process will be announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|here]], along with the relevant statistics and a summary of comments as soon as they are available. Please check out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|the voter information page]] to learn about the next steps. You can comment on the project talk page [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on Meta-wiki]] in any language. You may also contact the UCoC project team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Best regards,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:53, 30 uNdasa 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 6&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 6, April 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----

Welcome to the sixth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board of trustees elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while the more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Leadership Development -''' A Working Group is Forming! - The application to join the Leadership Development Working Group closed on April 10th, 2022, and up to 12 community members will be selected to participate in the working group. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification Results are out! -''' The global decision process on the enforcement of the UCoC via SecurePoll was held from 7 to 21 March. Over 2,300 eligible voters from at least 128 different home projects submitted their opinions and comments. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Discussions on Hubs -''' The Global Conversation event on Regional and Thematic Hubs was held on Saturday, March 12, and was attended by 84 diverse Wikimedians from across the movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Grants Remain Open! -''' Since the start of the year, six proposals with a total value of about $80,000 USD have been approved. Do you have a movement strategy project idea? Reach out to us! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continue reading]])
*'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee is All Set! -''' The Committee of fifteen members which was elected in October 2021, has agreed on the essential values and methods for its work, and has started to create the outline of the Movement Charter draft. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continue reading]])
*'''Introducing Movement Strategy Weekly -''' Contribute and Subscribe! - The MSG team have just launched the updates portal, which is connected to the various Movement Strategy pages on Meta-wiki. Subscriber to get  up-to-date news about the various ongoing projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs -''' Check out the most recent publications about Movement Strategy on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Also, a draft of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|'''2022-23 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan''']] has been published. Input is being sought on-wiki and during [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations|'''several conversations''' with Wikimedia Foundation CEO Maryana Iskander]].

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|See full announcement on Meta-wiki]]. [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:45, 22 uMbasa 2022 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research

Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more.

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today!
&lt;br&gt;--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:17, 26 uMbasa 2022 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Coming soon: Improvements for templates ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--T:11--&gt;
[[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]]
Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon:

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': 
This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]]

In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]]

Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. 

We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages!
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 11:14, 29 uMbasa 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Editing news 2022 #1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;
[[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]]

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages.  New editors are more successful with this new tool.  You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]].  Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test.  You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 18:55, 2 uNhlaba 2022 (UTC)
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== 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees seeks candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Call_for_Candidates|'''Read more on Meta-wiki.''']]

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is here! Please consider submitting your candidacy to serve on the Board of Trustees.

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. Community-and-affiliate selected trustees and Board-appointed trustees make up the Board of Trustees. Each trustee serves a three year term. The Wikimedia community has the opportunity to vote for community-and-affiliate selected trustees.

The Wikimedia community will vote to fill two seats on the Board in 2022. This is an opportunity to improve the representation, diversity, and expertise of the Board as a team.

;Who are potential candidates? Are you a potential candidate? Find out more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Apply to be a Candidate page]].

Thank you for your support, 

Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
10:39, 10 uNhlaba 2022 (UTC)
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== Enabling Content and Section translation tool in Zulu Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Friends!

Apologies as this message is not in your native language, {{Int:Please-translate}}.

The WMF Language team is pleased to let you know that we will like to enable the Section and Content translation tool in Zulu Wikipedia. For this, our team will love you to read about the tool and test the new   [https://design.wikimedia.org/strategy/section-translation.html Section Translation tool] so you can:

* Give us your feedback
* Ask us questions
* Tell us how to improve it

Below is background information about the tools, why we have chosen to enable them in your Wikipedia and how you can test the Section translation tool.

'''Background information'''

[[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has been a successful tool for editors to create content in their language. More than one million articles have been created across all languages since the tool was released in 2015 and in Zulu Wikipedia, editors have used it to create more than [https://zu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=zu#draft one thousand articles]. However, the tool is not out of beta in Zulu Wikipedia, limiting the discoverability of the tool and its use and blocking the enablement of the Section translation in your Wikipedia

[[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section Translation]] extends the capabilities of Content Translation to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will:

* Guide you to translate one section at a time in order to expand existing articles or create new ones
* Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device

Zulu Wikipedia seems an ideal candidate to enjoy this new tool based on a significant mobile activity in your Wikipedia. We plan to enable the tools on Zulu Wikipedia in the coming week if there are no objections from your community. After it is enabled, we’ll monitor the content created with the tools and process all the feedback. In any case, feel free to raise any concerns or questions you may already have as a reply to this message or on [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]]

'''Try the Section translation tool'''

Before the enablement, you can try the current implementation of the tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;from=en&amp;to=fa&amp;sx=true#/ our testing instance]. Once it is enabled on Zulu Wikipedia, you’ll have access to https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation with your mobile device. You can select an article to translate, and machine translation will be provided as a starting point for editors to improve.

'''Provide feedback'''

Please provide feedback about Section translation on [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]]. We want to  hear about your impressions on

* The section translation tool
* What do you think about our plans to enable it
* Your ideas for improving the tool

Thanks and we look forward to your feedback and questions 

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 11 uNhlaba 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team

===Content and Section Translation tool enabled in Zulu Wikipedia ===

{{Int:Hello}} Friends!

The WMF Language team is pleased to let you know that we [https://zu.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&amp;to=zu&amp;sx=true&amp;section#/ have enabled the Section translation] and [https://zu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=zu#draft Content translation] tools in Zulu Wikipedia. 
 
The [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation Content translation tool] can be discovered by users [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Starting through several entry points]. However, users not interested in translation can disable it [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|from their preferences]]. Also, with the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Section_translation Section translation tool], you can start translating an article on your mobile device right when you notice it is missing in Zulu. From a Wikipedia article in any language, switch languages and search for Zulu. If the article does not exist, an option to translate it will appear, as shown in the image below.

[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sx-language-selector-invite-th.png Image of the entry point]
 
We know that these tools will help translators in your community to add content using any device with ease. Content created with the Content and Section Translation tool will be marked with the &quot;[https://zu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?hidebots=1&amp;hidepageedits=1&amp;hidecategorization=1&amp;hideWikibase=1&amp;hidelog=1&amp;namespace=0&amp;tagfilter=contenttranslation&amp;limit=500&amp;days=30&amp;title=Taybet:Guhertin%C3%AAn_daw%C3%AE&amp;urlversion=2 contenttranslation]&quot; and “[https://zu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?hidebots=1&amp;hidenewpages=1&amp;hidecategorization=1&amp;hideWikibase=1&amp;hidelog=1&amp;limit=500&amp;days=30&amp;title=Taybet:Guhertin%C3%AAn_daw%C3%AE&amp;urlversion=2 sectiontranslaiton]” tag, respectively, for the community to review. We’ll monitor the content created, but we are very interested in hearing about your experience using the tools and reviewing the content created with it. 

So, enjoy the tools and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation provide feedback] on improving it.
 
Thank you!

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 05:39, 31 uNhlaba 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

We'd like to provide an update on the work on the Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct.  After the conclusion of the community vote on the guidelines in March, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs committee (CAC)]] of the Board [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JAYQN3NYKCHQHONMUONYTI6WRKZFQNSC/ asked that several areas of the guidelines be reviewed for improvements] before the Board does its final review. These areas were identified based on community discussions and comments provided during the vote. The CAC also requested review of the controversial Note in 3.1 of the UCoC itself.

Once more, a big thank you to all who voted, especially to all who left constructive feedback and comments!  The project team is working with the Board to establish a timeline for this work, and will communicate this next month. 

Members of the two prior [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|UCoC Drafting Committees]] have generously offered their time to help shape improvements to the Guidelines. You can read more about them and their work [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions_Committee|here]], as well as read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Phase_2_meeting_summaries#2022|summaries of their weekly meetings in 2022]]. 

Wikimedians have provided many valuable comments together with the vote and in other conversations. Given the size and diversity of the Wikimedia community, there are even more voices out there who can give ideas on how to improve the enforcement guidelines and add even more valuable ideas to the process. To help the Revisions committee identify improvements, input on several questions for the committee’s review is requested. Visit the Meta-wiki pages ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Revision_discussions|Enforcement Guidelines revision discussions]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Policy text/Revision_discussions|Policy text revision discussions]]) to get your ideas to the Committee - it is very important that viewpoints are heard from different communities before the Committee begins drafting revision proposals.

On behalf of the UCoC project team &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 22:56, 3 uNhlangulana 2022 (UTC)
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== Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Hi, Greetings

The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced!

We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]'''

Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project.

We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year.

'''Thank you,'''

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:13, 4 uNtulikazi 2022 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Reverting to Google as the default Machine Translation in Zulu Wikipedia ==

Hello Friends!

Three months ago, the WMF Language team set the [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores|Flores]] Machine Translation (MT) support as the default in your Wikipedia which just ended.

So, we want to revert to the initial default Machine translation support for the Content translation tool in Zulu Wikipedia unless there are objections from your community to retain the Flores as your default MT.

We will wait two weeks for your feedback in this thread on the above, and If there are no objections to reverting to the [[mw:Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation#Google_Translate|Google Translate]], we will make the Google MT the default translation in your Content translation tool after the 25th of July, 2022.

Thank you so much, and we look forward to your feedback.

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 12:32, 12 uNtulikazi 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

== Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass ==

:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Community members in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|propose statements to use in the Election Compass.]]

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

;Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

* July 8 - 20: Community members propose statements for the Election Compass
* July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements
* July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
* August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
* August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
* August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August. The Elections Committee will oversee the process, supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance team. MSG will check that the questions are clear, there are no duplicates, no typos, and so on.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|talk]]) 11:34, 14 uNtulikazi 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt; 
----
Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation.  

The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; 

* '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]])
* '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]])
* '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]])
* '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]])
* '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]])
* '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]])
* '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]])
* '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]])
* '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]])
* '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Thank you for reading! [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 01:37, 18 uNtulikazi 2022 (UTC)
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== Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

'''The Affiliate voting process has concluded.''' Representatives from each Affiliate organization learned about the candidates by reading candidates’ statements, reviewing candidates’ answers to questions, and considering the candidates’ ratings provided by the Analysis Committee. The selected 2022 Board of Trustees candidates are:

* Tobechukwu Precious Friday ([[:m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]])
* Farah Jack Mustaklem ([[:m:User:Fjmustak|Fjmustak]])
* Shani Evenstein Sigalov ([[:m:User:Esh77|Esh77]])
* Kunal Mehta ([[:m:User:Legoktm|Legoktm]])
* Michał Buczyński ([[:m:User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]])
* Mike Peel ([[:m:User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]])

You may see more information about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Results]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|Statistics]] of this Board election.

Please take a moment to appreciate the Affiliate Representatives and Analysis Committee members for taking part in this process and helping to grow the Board of Trustees in capacity and diversity. These hours of volunteer work connect us across understanding and perspective. Thank you for your participation.

Thank you to the community members who put themselves forward as candidates for the Board of Trustees. Considering joining the Board of Trustees is no small decision. The time and dedication candidates have shown to this point speaks to their commitment to this movement. Congratulations to those candidates who have been selected. A great amount of appreciation and gratitude for those candidates not selected. Please continue to share your leadership with Wikimedia.

Thank you to those who followed the Affiliate process for this Board election. You may review the results of the Affiliate selection process.

'''The next part of the Board election process is the community voting period.''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022#Timeline|You may view the Board election timeline here]]. To prepare for the community voting period, there are several things community members can engage with in the following ways:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Read candidates’ statements]] and read the candidates’ answers to the questions posed by the Affiliate Representatives.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Questions_for_Candidates|Propose and select the 6 questions for candidates to answer during their video Q&amp;A]].
* See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee’s ratings of candidates on each candidate’s statement]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community Voting/Election Compass|Propose statements for the Election Compass]] voters can use to find which candidates best fit their principles.
* Encourage others in your community to take part in the election.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 14:03, 27 uNtulikazi 2022 (UTC)
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== Vote for Election Compass Statements ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Volunteers in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|vote for statements to use in the Election Compass]]. You can vote for the statements you would like to see included in the Election Compass on Meta-wiki.

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

*&lt;s&gt;July 8 - 20: Volunteers propose statements for the Election Compass&lt;/s&gt;
*&lt;s&gt;July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements&lt;/s&gt;
*July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
*August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
*August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
*August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August

Best, 

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 21:01, 27 uNtulikazi 2022 (UTC)
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== The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

The Community Voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Here are some helpful links to get you the information you need to vote:

* Try the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]], showing how candidates stand on 15 different topics.
* Read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|candidate statements]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|answers to Affiliate questions]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Learn more about the skills the Board seeks]] and how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee found candidates align with those skills]]

If you are ready to vote, you may go to [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll voting page]] to vote now. '''You may vote from August 23 at 00:00 UTC to September 6 at 23:59 UTC.''' To see about your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]]
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== Invitation to join the Movement Strategy Forum ==

:''{{More languages}}''
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
Hello everyone,

The [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/ Movement Strategy Forum] (MS Forum) is a multilingual collaborative space for all conversations about Movement Strategy implementation. 

We are inviting all Movement participants to collaborate on the MS Forum. The goal of the forum is to build community collaboration, using an inclusive multilingual platform.

The [[m:Movement Strategy|Movement Strategy]] is a collaborative effort to imagine and build the future of the Wikimedia Movement. Anyone can contribute to the Movement Strategy, from a comment to a full-time project.

;Join this forum with your Wikimedia account, engage in conversations, and ask questions in your language.

The Movement Strategy and Governance team (MSG) launched the proposal for the MS Forum in May 2022. There was a 2-month community review period, which ended on 24 July 2022. The community review process included several questions that resulted in interesting conversations. You can read the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/ms-forum-community-review-report/1436 Community Review Report]. 

We look forward to seeing you at the MS Forum! 

Best regards,

the Movement Strategy and Governance Team

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 11:32, 29 uNcwaba 2022 (UTC)
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== The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]]
Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.'''

We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022.

It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins.

&lt;div style=&quot;width:100%; margin:auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Top of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;A section of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
=== About the skin ===

'''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.]

'''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs.

'''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin.

* The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%.
* The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages.
* The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on.
* The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities.

'''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins.

=== How can editors change and customize this skin? ===

It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. 

=== Our plan ===

'''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar.

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks mw-ui-button&quot;&gt;Request for more time to discuss the change&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 22 uMandulo 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Update on Vector 2022 ==

[[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]]
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]].

We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one.

We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:24, 19 uMfumfu 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to attend “Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter” Sessions ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]
Hello all, 

During the 2022 Wikimedia Summit, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) presented the first outline of the Movement Charter, giving a glimpse on the direction of its future work, and the Charter itself. The MCDC then integrated the initial feedback collected during the Summit. Before proceeding with writing the Charter for the whole Movement, the MCDC wants to interact with community members and gather feedback on the drafts of the three sections: Preamble, Values &amp; Principles, and Roles &amp; Responsibilities (intentions statement). The Movement Charter drafts will be available on the Meta page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content|here]] on November 14, 2022. Community wide consultation period on MC will take place from November 20 to December 18, 2022. Learn more about it [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|here]]. 

With the goal of ensuring that people are well informed to fully participate in the conversations and are empowered to contribute their perspective on the Movement Charter, three '''“Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter&quot;''' sessions have been scheduled in different time zones. Everyone in the Wikimedia Movement is invited to attend these conversations. The aim is to learn about Movement Charter - its goal, purpose, why it matters, and how it impacts your community. MCDC members will attend these sessions to answer your questions and hear community feedback.     

The “Ask Me Anything” sessions accommodate communities from different time zones. Only the presentation of the session is recorded and shared afterwards, no recording of conversations. Below is the list of planned events: 

*&lt;s&gt;'''Asia/Pacific''': November 4, 2022 at 09:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1667552400 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Chinese and Japanese.&lt;/s&gt;
* '''Europe/MENA/Sub Saharan Africa''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in  Arabic, French and Russian.  
* '''North and South America/ Western Europe''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Spanish and Portuguese. 

On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|Meta page]] you will find more details; Zoom links will be shared 48 hours ahead of the call.

'''Call for Movement Charter Ambassadors'''

Individuals or groups from all communities who wish to help include and start conversations in their communities on the Movement Charter are encouraged to become [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassadors]] (MC Ambassadors). MC Ambassadors will carry out their own activities and get financial support for enabling conversations in their own languages. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|Regional facilitators]] from the Movement Strategy and Governance team are available to support applicants with MC Ambassadors grantmaking. If you are interested please sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|here]]. Should you have specific questions, please reach out to the MSG team via email: strategy2030@wikimedia.org or on the MS forum. 

We thank you for your time and participation. 

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 15:33, 7 uLwezi 2022 (UTC)
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== Apply for Funding through the Movement Strategy Community Engagement Package to Support Your Community ==

:''{{More languages}}''
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
The Wikimedia Movement Strategy implementation is a collaborative effort for all Wikimedians. 
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation Grants]] support projects that take the current state of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy Initiative]] and push it one step forward. If you are looking for an example or some guide on how to engage your community further on Movement Strategy and the Movement Strategy Implementation Grants specifically, you may find this '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/Community Engagement Package|community engagement package]]''' helpful.

The goal of this community engagement package is to support more people to access the funding they might need for the implementation work. By becoming a recipient of this grant, you will be able to support other community members to develop further grant applications that fit with your local contexts to benefit your own communities. With this package, the hope is to break down language barriers and to ensure community members have needed information on Movement Strategy to connect with each other. Movement Strategy is a two-way exchange, we can always learn more from the experiences and knowledge of Wikimedians everywhere. We can train and support our peers by using this package, so more people can make use of this great funding opportunity.

If this information interests you or if you have any further thoughts or questions, please do not hesitate to reach out to us as your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|regional facilitators]] to discuss further. We will be more than happy to support you. When you are ready, follow the steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About |this page]] to apply. We look forward to receiving your application.

Best regards, &lt;br&gt; Movement Strategy and Governance Team &lt;br&gt; Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 16:26, 14 uLwezi 2022 (UTC)
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== Opportunities open for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;&quot;&gt;
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']]

''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt;''
&lt;/div&gt;

Hi everyone! The Ombuds commission (OC) and the Case Review Committee (CRC) are looking for members. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to do so. There is more information below about the opportunity and the skills that are needed.

'''About the Ombuds commission'''

The Ombuds commission (OC) works on all Wikimedia projects to investigate complaints about violations of the privacy policy, especially in use of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CheckUser policy|CheckUser]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|Oversight]] (also known as Suppression) tools. The Commission mediates between the parties of the investigation and, when violations of the policies are identified, advises the Wikimedia Foundation on best handling. They may also assist the General Counsel, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Trustees of the Foundation in these investigations when legally necessary. For more on the OC's duties and roles, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|see Ombuds commission on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Volunteers serving in this role should be experienced Wikimedians, active on any project, who have previously used the CheckUser/Oversight tools OR who have the technical ability to understand these tools and the willingness to learn them. They must be able to communicate in English, the common language of the commission. They are expected to be able to engage neutrally in investigating these concerns and to know when to recuse when other roles and relationships may cause conflict. Commissioners will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year).

'''About the Case Review Committee'''

The Case Review Committee (CRC) reviews appeals of eligible Trust &amp; Safety office actions. The CRC is a critical layer of oversight to ensure that Wikimedia Foundation office actions are fair and unbiased. They also make sure the Wikimedia Foundation doesn’t overstep established practices or boundaries. For more about the role, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Case Review Committee|see Case Review Committee on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

We are looking for current or former functionaries and experienced volunteers with an interest in joining this group. Applicants must be fluent in English (additional languages are a strong plus) and willing to abide by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee/Charter|terms of the Committee charter]]. If the work resonates and you qualify, please apply. Committee members will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year).

'''Applying to join either of these groups'''

Members are required to sign the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information|Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] and must be willing to comply with the appropriate Wikimedia Foundation board policies (such as the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Access to nonpublic information policy|access to non-public information policy]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Privacy policy|Foundation privacy policy]]). These positions requires a high degree of discretion and trust. Members must also be over 18 years of age.

'''If you are interested in serving in either capacity listed above,''' please write in English to the Trust and Safety team at ca[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the OC) or to the Legal Team at legal[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the CRC) with information about:

* Your primary projects
* Languages you speak/write
* Any experience you have serving on committees, whether movement or non-movement
* Your thoughts on what you could bring to the OC or CRC if appointed
* Any experience you have with the Checkuser or Oversight tools (OC only)
* Any other information you think is relevant

'''The deadline for applications is 31 December 2022 in any timezone.'''

Please feel free to pass this invitation along to any users who you think may be qualified and interested. Thank you!

On behalf of the Committee Support team,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Please-translate}}''

{{int:Hello}}

The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually.

We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas!

The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows:
* Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023
* Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023
* Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023
* Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023

If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023!
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 12:59, 13 uZibandlela 2022 (UTC)
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== Vote for your favourite Wikimedia sound logo ==

''{{int:Please-translate}}''

''We are really sorry for posting in English''
[[File:Sound_Logo_Cover_Image_-_Linkedin.png|center|800x800px]]
Voting in the Wikimedia sound logo contest [[c:Commons:Sound_Logo_Vote|'''has started''']]. From December 6 to 19, 2022, please play a part and help chose the sound that will identify Wikimedia content on audio devices. [[wmfblog:2022/12/06/vote-for-the-sound-of-all-human-knowledge/|Learn more on Diff]].

The sound logo team is grateful to everyone who participated in this global contest. We received 3,235 submissions from 2,094 participants in 135 countries. We are incredibly grateful to the team of [[wmfblog:2022/10/31/screening-3235-sound-submissions/|volunteer screeners]] and the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Communications/Sound_Logo/Contest_proposal#How_will_the_final_selection_happen? selection committee] who, among others, helped bring us to where we are today. It is now up to Wikimedia to choose the Sound Of All Human Knowledge.

Best wishes, [[User:Arupako-WMF|Arupako-WMF]] ([[User talk:Arupako-WMF|talk]]) 16:20, 17 uZibandlela 2022 (UTC)

== Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023,
 
You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a fountain tool or dashboard.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]].
 
This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023.
 
Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:24, 24 uZibandlela 2022 (UTC)
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== Global ban for PlanespotterA320/RespectCE ==

Per the [[m:Global bans|Global bans]] policy, I'm informing the project of this request for comment: [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for PlanespotterA320 (2) ]] about banning a member from your community. Thank you.--[[User:Lemonaka|Lemonaka]] ([[User talk:Lemonaka|talk]]) 21:40, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
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== Editing news 2023 #1 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;

This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work:

# The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it.
# They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]].

&lt;strong&gt;Talk pages project&lt;/strong&gt;
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]]

The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]].

It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new &quot;{{int:skin-action-addsection}}&quot; button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]].

[[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]]

An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site.

&lt;strong&gt;New Project: Edit Check&lt;/strong&gt;

The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click &quot;{{int:publishchanges}}&quot;. The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&amp;nbsp;March&amp;nbsp;2023]] to learn more.&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:24, 22 uNhlolanja 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 21:21, 27 uNhlolanja 2023 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimania 2023 Welcoming Program Submissions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;[[File:Wikimedia_Singapore_Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Do you want to host an in-person or virtual session at Wikimania 2023? Maybe a hands-on workshop, a lively discussion, a fun performance, a catchy poster, or a memorable lightning talk? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Submissions are open until March 28''']]. The event will have dedicated hybrid blocks, so virtual submissions and pre-recorded content are also welcome. If you have any questions, please join us at an upcoming conversation on March 12 or 19, or reach out by email at wikimania@wikimedia.org or on Telegram. More information on-wiki.&lt;section end=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:42, 21 uMbasa 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello,

As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are:

* Community members in good standing
* Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects
* Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type
* Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023
* Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations
* Confidently able to communicate in English

The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff.

The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:01, 26 uMbasa 2023 (UTC)
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== Global ban proposal for Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. If this is not the proper place to post, please move it somewhere more appropriate. {{int:Please-translate}}
There is an on-going discussion about a proposal that Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY be globally banned from editing all Wikimedia projects. You are invited to participate at [[:m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark|Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark]] on Meta-Wiki. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:Unite together|U.T.]] ([[User talk:Unite together|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 12:36, 4 uNhlaba 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Selection of the U4C Building Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:21, 27 uNhlaba 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Announcing the new Elections Committee members&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello there, 

We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. 

Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future.

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:00, 28 uNhlangulana 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. 

The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward.

Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]].

Best,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 uNcwaba 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:24, 15 uMandulo 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee  ==&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;&quot;&gt;
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']]

''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt;''&lt;/div&gt;

Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. 

On behalf of the Committee Support team,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 uMfumfu 2023 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Dear all, 

Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]].

Best,

Katie Chan &lt;br&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:13, 17 uMfumfu 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: Reference Previews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]]
A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years.  Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]].

Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget.

Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. 

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. 
* Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. 
-- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team,
&lt;section end=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 uLwezi 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland
&lt;section end=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:32, 13 uZibandlela 2023 (UTC)
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== Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.''

Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.&lt;br&gt; 
''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.''

The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time.

For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.&lt;br&gt;We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? ==

''Apologies for writing in English.''

The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references.

* The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here].
* Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch.
* [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]].
* Sessions will be held in January and February.
* [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.]
* Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment.

We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]]
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== Feminism and Folklore 2024 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:26, 18 uMasingana 2024 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''

-- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:26, 18 uMasingana 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 uMasingana 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 uMasingana 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. 

A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks.

Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:24, 12 uNhlolanja 2024 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 uNdasa 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
: ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: ''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Dear all,

This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. 

Here are the key planned dates:

*  May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions
*  June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5]
*  June-August 2024: Campaign period
*  End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period
*  October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates
*  Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan.

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]].

Best regards,

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group)

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:57, 12 uNdasa 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:01, 15 uNdasa 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to select members of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:20, 25 uMbasa 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;Hello all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]].

We look forward to your participation!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:22, 14 uNhlaba 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

[[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]

Dear community members,

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. 

You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. 

You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language.

On behalf of the CAC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 uNhlaba 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. 

We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** –
* Northern and Western Europe
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]]
* Latin America and Caribbean
** –
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
** —
* Sub-Saharan Africa
** –
* Middle East and North Africa
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]]
* East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP)
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]]
* South Asia
** –

The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]]
* –
* –
* –
* –

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:15, 3 uNhlangulana 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hi everyone,

The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading.

'''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?'''

The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance.

'''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”'''

Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote.

'''Movement Charter ratification vote'''

Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta.

If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org].

On behalf of the MCDC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:45, 11 uNhlangulana 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance.

The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading.

Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]].

After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further.

If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org'''].

On behalf of the CEC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:52, 25 uNhlangulana 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''.

If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. 

On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:47, 8 uNtulikazi 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024.

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]].

In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]].

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:03, 10 uNtulikazi 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.  

As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy.

The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: 

'''Individual vote:'''

Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333).

'''Affiliates vote:'''

Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111).

'''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:'''

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].  

With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''.

We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance.

The Charter Electoral Commission,

[[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:53, 18 uNtulikazi 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:48, 27 uNtulikazi 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now.

'''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:31, 6 uNcwaba 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]]
Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].

'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.

Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC ==

Hi all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation!

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:20, 22 uNcwaba 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]].

I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** Ajraddatz

The following seats were not filled during this special election:

* Latin America and Caribbean
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* South Asia
* The four remaining Community-At-Large seats

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:06, 2 uMandulo 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board.

Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]].

When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:14, 3 uMandulo 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:38, 20 uMandulo 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.&lt;/i&gt;{{tracked|T66315}}

Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project.
The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''General''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''In Other Projects''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section.

We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the   [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2.
More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We welcome your feedback and questions.&lt;br&gt; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:58, 27 uMandulo 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey ==

Dear all,

Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community.

To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event.

Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5

Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference!

Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success.


Warm regards,

User:ZI Jony 03:21, 6 uMfumfu 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted.

The following four candidates were the most voted:

# [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]]
# [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]]
# [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]]
# [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]]

While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]]

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group

&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:26, 14 uMfumfu 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:08, 16 uMfumfu 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. ==

Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:30, 22 uMfumfu 2024 (UTC)
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== Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success ==

Dear all,

We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community.

Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs.

* Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey]
* Deadline: November 10, 2024
Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference!

'''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply.
* Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here]
* Application Deadline: October 31, 2024
Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions]

Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success!


Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:13, 29 uMfumfu 2024 (UTC)
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== Bot authorisation request ==
For [[User:Leaderbot]]. This is for [[meta:Global reminder bot]] - the bot will rarely run here, but it is not clear whether I can run the bot otherwise, so putting it here. Please ping me in a response. The bot flag is NOT required. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|talk]]) 14:37, 5 uLwezi 2024 (UTC)

== Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC ==

Hello everyone,

The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone &lt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000&gt;). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: &lt;https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024&gt;.

This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation.

Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 uLwezi 2024 (UTC)
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== Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! ==

Dear All,

We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. 

This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture.

* Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]]
* When: Jan 19, 2025 
* Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025).
* Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 
* Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]]

To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025.

Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language.

Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all.

Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate.

Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success!

For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 uMasingana 2025 (UTC)
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== Enabling Dark mode for logged-out users in this Wikipedia ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:Hello}} Wikipedians,

Apologies, as this message is not written in your native language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] will be enabling [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on your Wikipedia by February 2025 now that pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations!

The plan to enable is made possible by the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who ensured that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody!

For context, the Web team has concluded work on dark mode. If, on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month.

If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create a page: &lt;code&gt;Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/xx.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt; in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page.

Thank you!

On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]].
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:15, 21 uMasingana 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 uMasingana 2025 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

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--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:36, 29 uMasingana 2025 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:36, 29 uMasingana 2025 (UTC)
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== Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. 

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:49, 3 uNhlolanja 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone!
[[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]]
We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''.

This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba.

'''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''.

Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language &amp; Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]].

We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 08:29, 22 uNhlolanja 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 uNdasa 2025 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:hello}} Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.

With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the &quot;For you&quot; and &quot;...More&quot; buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups (&quot;Create new pages&quot; and &quot;Expand with new sections&quot;)-one for each activity.]]
[[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.
Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. 

Thank you!

On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:56, 13 uNdasa 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:14, 14 uNdasa 2025 (UTC)
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== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 uMbasa 2025 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! 

The most active contesters will receive prizes.

If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.
&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;

16:11, 16 uMbasa 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:35, 17 uMbasa 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Sub-referencing: User testing ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]]
&lt;small&gt;''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''&lt;/small&gt;

Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further:

#'''Try it out and share your feedback'''
#:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. 
#'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs'''
#:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''.

We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well.

Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! &lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:04, 28 uMbasa 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- &lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 uMbasa 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 uNhlaba 2025 (UTC)
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== Proposal to enable the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in Zulu Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Zulu Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called &quot;Contribute&quot; to your Wikipedia.

The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.

Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Zulu Wikipedia.

'''Who can access it'''

Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the &quot;Contribute&quot; icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to &quot;view contributions&quot; is also available to access the list of your contributions.

[[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]                             [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]

For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the &quot;Contributions&quot; option unless they change it to the &quot;Contribute&quot; manually.

We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the &quot;Contributions&quot; entry point as default.          

We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 26th May 2025.

We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in your Wikipedia.

We look forward to your response soon.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 04:59, 13 uNhlaba 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|inkulumo]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:07, 15 uNhlaba 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 uNhlaba 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:08, 28 uNhlaba 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|inkulumo]]) 16:48, 29 uNhlaba 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 uNhlangulana 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:44, 17 uNhlangulana 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 uNhlangulana 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:46, 14 uNtulikazi 2025 (UTC)
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== Help needed with translating User Interface message strings ==

Hello Wikimedians,

I hope this message finds you well! We have some User Interface message strings for the [[mw:Growth/Feature_summary|Growth feature]] that need your help to be translated into isiZulu. Right now, they're at 0 percent, and it would be fantastic to get them fully localized.

@[[User:3atbulletz|3atbulletz]], @[[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] and @[[User:Philane46|Philane46]], thank you for all your contributions in this Wikipedia. Maybe you are interested in volunteering to translate the message strings, and anyone else interested in jumping in and lending a hand. Below is the link for the message strings on translatewiki: 

https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-growthexperiments&amp;language=zu&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate

If you haven’t used [https://translatewiki.net/ translatewiki.net] before, no worries! Here’s what you need:

* A good grasp of both English and isiZulu.
* A TranslateWiki account (your wiki account won’t work here, but you can easily create one with your existing Wiki details, so you don’t have to remember anything new).
* A willingness to follow some simple instructions!

Once you’ve got your account set up, you’ll need to translate a few random messages for the site to authenticate your knowledge of the language. After that, you can dive right into the translations using the link above.

Thanks so much for helping! If you have any questions or need help, let me know.

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 05:45, 25 uNtulikazi 2025 (UTC)

:im sorry, i have tried to login on translatewiki, with no success. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 09:22, 4 uMfumfu 2025 (UTC)

== CentralNotice Experiment: Engaging Native Speakers for Content Growth ==

{{int:Hello}} Zulu Wikipedians!

Apologies, this message is not in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Part of the WMF Annual plan work is [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2025-2026/Product_&amp;_Technology_OKRs#Vital_Knowledge_(WE2)|to drive content growth in Wikipedia]]. The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] have an experiment to run in your Wikipedia to validate or invalidate a hypothesis that ''&quot;If we invite native speakers of small wikis through a CentralNotice banner on a high-traffic Wikipedia in their region to contribute to SuggestedEdits and other Growth features, we can assess whether this approach attracts new native speakers and if they use these editing tools to improve vital content.&quot;''

Our team plans to run [[metawiki:CentralNotice/Request/WMF_Language_Onboarding_and_Development_Experiment|a CentralNotice banner]], from August 29th to September 12th, that will display on the English Wikipedia for users in regions where this language is spoken, and also on this Wikipedia. The banner for this Wikipedia will say “The world is missing out on human knowledge in your language. Join the Zulu Wikipedia community and help expand it.&quot; in Zulu. By clicking on the banner, users can easily access the [[mw:Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] and start contributing.

For this to work, we need your expertise and help before we launch the banner. We need admins to:

* Set up the [[mw:Growth/Feature_summary#Mentorship_2|mentorship feature]] and invite experienced contributors to become mentors, ensuring that newcomers have sufficient mentors to turn to when they need help. You can set it up from this link [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]
* Help us provide [[mw:Growth/Personalized_first_day/Newcomer_tasks#Maintenance_templates|maintenance templates]] so that more newcomer tasks can be surfaced through the [[Special:Homepage|Suggested Edits]] feature, by editing this page: [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits]]
* Help us update the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/HelpPanel|Special:CommunityConfiguration]] with [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guides]] or help pages on your local wiki so that new contributors we attract can receive proper support from the [[mw:Growth/Feature_summary#HP|Help panel]] on the [[Special:Homepage|Newcomer Homepage]].

We also need translators to help us fully translate the [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-growthexperiments&amp;language=zu&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate Growth feature interface] into Zulu, focusing on the following message strings:

# https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-growthexperiments-confirmemail&amp;language=zu&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate 
# https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-growthexperiments-welcomesurvey&amp;language=zu&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate
# https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-growthexperiments-homepage&amp;language=zu&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate
# https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-growthexperiments-helppanel&amp;language=zu&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate
# https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-growthexperiments-user&amp;language=zu&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate

Our team values your input on this project and are open to further discussions here. You can learn more about this work from [[metawiki:CentralNotice/Request/WMF_Language_Onboarding_and_Development_Experiment|this page]]. As an admin who would like to help, if you are interested in a virtual call for assistance with the work, please let us know, and we’ll set up a meeting.

We’re excited about the opportunity to collaborate and look forward to hearing from you. Thank you!

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 04:55, 8 uNcwaba 2025 (UTC) On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 uNcwaba 2025 (UTC)
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== Update on the CentralNotice experiment to engage native speakers for content growth ==

{{int:Hello}} Zulu Wikipedians!

Apologies, this message is not in your native language.{{int:Please-translate}}.

The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localisation team]] would like to update you on the upcoming CentralNotice banner campaign for multilingual editors, which we announced [[Wikipedia:Umnyango wamgwamanda#c-UOzurumba (WMF)-20250808045500-CentralNotice Experiment: Engaging Native Speakers for Content Growth|here]].

The CentralNotice banner launch is now scheduled for the week of September 3rd, to enable us complete some technical instrumentation work for the project.

We appreciate all your support and work translating the Growth feature message strings and setting up the required pages for this experiment.
[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 00:35, 29 uNcwaba 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:41, 18 uMandulo 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt;  19:49, 2 uMfumfu 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:48, 9 uMfumfu 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 uMfumfu 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 uMfumfu 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 uLwezi 2025 (UTC)
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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 uMasingana 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 uMasingana 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:02, 19 uMasingana 2026 (UTC)
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== IsiZulu Wikimedia User Group ==

[[File:IsiZulu Wikimedia User Group Logo.jpg|thumb|IsiZulu Wikimedia User Group Logo]]

Sanibonani nonke babhali beWikiphidiya yesiZulu. Ngithanda ukunazisa ukuthi sesiqalise iQembu Labasebenzisa IsiZulu kuWikimedia. Leli qembu okwamanje lisasungulwa, alikabi semthethweni noma liqashelwe abaphathi kuWikimedia. Inhloso yeqembu kuzoba ukuthuthukisa izibhalwa nesiqikili sesiZulu kuyo yonke imiklamo kaWikimedia. Lokhu kuzokwenziwa ngemikhankaso efana nesihlelakalo (edit-a-thon) nobunye ubuqhebeqhebe obuzoqhakambisa imiklamo kaWikimedia futhi yandise isiqikili sesiZulu. Leli kuzoba iqembu elibhekele konke okuthinta ulimi lesiZulu kuhlanganisa nokumisa amaQeqebana Wabasebenzisa (UsEr clubs) emaNyuvesi, ezikoleni nasemphakathini. Sesilakhile ikhasi lethu lapha https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/IsiZulu_Wikimedia_User_Group# , sakwazi nokuthi sidwebe uphawu leqembu ngokuvumelana nesimiso zakwaWikimedia zokwenza uphawu. 

Simema bonke ababhala ngesizulu ukuba bazibandakanye naleli qembu labasebenzisi njengoba lizoba indikimba ezokweseka yonke imikhankaso yokuthuthukisa isiZulu nokuqhakambisa imiklamo yakwaWikimedia kubantu abakhuluma isiZulu.

.  [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 09:41, 28 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)

== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 uMbasa 2026 (UTC)
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      <sha1>al6uz0i6ajtck6ibc8j5qokxv8knc8h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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    <title>IMelika</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-03T18:34:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umzabalazi</username>
        <id>25813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngandise izihloko kepha ngikhiphe ezinye ukuze zihlelwe kabusha</comment>
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      <text bytes="11635" sha1="nzqxx86lmpvtlx8wutv6gvburg2ui0h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe|igama=iMelika|igama_ivamile=America|igama_ikhulu=United States of America|ifulegi=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|image_coat=Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|isaga_wesizwe=&quot;Sithemba kuNkulunkulu&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''In God We Trust''&quot; (isiNgisi)&lt;br&gt; &quot;Ebuningini, munye&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''E pluribus unum''&quot; (isiLatini)|inkondlo_wesizwe=Isibhengezo Esifafazwe Ngezinkanyezi&lt;br&gt;''Star Spangled Banner'' (isiNgisi)|inhlokodolobha=Washington DC|izilimi=[[IsiNgisi]]|idolobha_elikhulu=[[New York]]|ibalazwe=USA orthographic.svg|abantu=Ummelika, Amamelika|ubukhulu_km2=9833520|iphesenti_lamanzi=7%|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa=341,784,857|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka=2025|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma=lwesithathu|ixuku_labantu_km2=97.4|ixuku_labantu_ukuma=lwesi-180|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Umbusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi yokhetho nomengameli okhethwa ngabantu nqo ongaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=Umengameli|umongameli_igama1=[[Donald Trump]]|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isekela likaMengameli|umongameli_igama2=J.D. Vance|umongameli_isithakazo3=Umehluleli Omkhulu|umongameli_igama3=John Roberts|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Isimemezo sobuzimela|usuku_isehlakalo1=4 kaNhlangulana 1776|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Umfelandawonye|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaNdasa 1781|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Umthethosisekelo|usuku_isehlakalo3=4 kaNdasa 1789|imali=iDola laseMelika (USD/$)}}

[[iMelika]] (ngokomthetho: Izifundazwe Ezibumbene zaseMelika; [[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United States of America'', ngokumfushane: ''America'') liyisizwe onyakathweni lwelizwekazini elithatha igama layo kuyona: iNyakatho Melika. Izungezwe [[iKhanada]] ngasenyakatho (umgcele omude ukundlula imigcele yonke emhlabeni engavikelwanga), iLwandle lase-Atlantiki ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Mekisiko (isingeniso seLwandle lase-Karibi kusukela 2024, [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]] uguqule leligama kuLwandle lase-Melika)  ngaseningizimu mpumalanga, [[iMekisiko]] ngaseningizimu neLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngasentshonalanga. Isifundazwe sase-Alaska (esindlula izifundazwe zonke zeMelika ngobungakho bendawo) lisenyakatho ntshonalanga leNyakatho Melika. Sizungezwe iKhanada ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngaseningizimu, iLwandle lase-Arctic ngasenyakatho, neRashiya entshonalanga ngaphesheya komcingo wase-Beringi. Isifundazwe sase-Hawaii siselwandleni Pasifiki kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezingaphansi kwaseMelika iGuam, iSamowa yase-Melika, Iziqhingi zaseNyakatho Mariana. eLwandleni lase-Karibi, kuneziqhingi ezingaphansi kweMelika: i-Puerto Rico nama-American Virgin Islands.

== Ezombusazwe ==
iMelika ibuswa ngohlelokubusa okuhamba ngombusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi ongaphansi komthethosisekelo. Uhlelokulawula wase-Melika uyisibonelo esithonye umumo wezinhlelo zokulawula zezinye izizwe emhlabeni. Uhlelo lwezombusazwe waseMelika wakhiwe esisekelweni sentandoyeningi yase-Bhulithani kepha ifulathela ubukhosi balesosizwe.  Umthethosisekelo olungene emthethweni ngo-21 kaNdasa 1789. Nakuba umthethosisekelo uguqulwe kayi-27, umumo kahulumeni kazwelonke usafana nasikhathi usungulwa ngayo:

* Isishayamthetho: i-Congress enezindluzimbili: i-Senate (indlu yangaphezulu emele izifundazwe ngokulingana) nesiGunga yabaMelisizwe (indlu yangaphansi emelwe abantu besisizwe sonke)
* Sokuphatha: Umengameli okhethwe iNhlangano Yokhetho (i-Electoral College) oqoka abonqgongqoshe abangamalunga weKhabinethi
* Sobulungiswa: iNkantolo ePhakeme nezinkantolo ezihlukene zikazwelonke.

Amandla okubusa ahletshulelwane ngaphakathi kwezifundazwe nohulumeni kazwelonke. Izifundazwe zinamandla okuziphathi kuyonke imikhakha engagcinelwangwa uhulumeni kazwelonke. Nakuba, izifundazwe zinemithethosisekelo zabo, Umthethosisekelo uphezu kwayo yonke. Futhi, umthethosisekelo uyalela ukuthi imihulumeni uezifundazwe kufanele ihambe ngohlelo wombusobala wentandoyeningi yokhetho. Uhlaka wezigatsha zintathu eziqaphelanayo, lumqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ahletshulwe ngendlela ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kubuswa ngentandoyeningi. Isikhathi eside somlando weMelika yesimanje, abansundu abathunjwe e-Afrika abayizigqili, babenganawo ubuzakhamuzi. Emuva kweMpi Yezakhamuzi YaseMelika (eqalwe ngenxa yokuphikisana ngaphakathi kwezihlongithi zezifundazwe zaseNyakatho nohulumeni kazwelonke nehlangothi lezifundazwe zaseningizimu mayelana amalungelo ezifundazwe kakhulu okuziqumela mayelana ubugqili), abansundu banikezwe ubuzakhamuzi. Ngephoxeko, bekunobandlululo kubansundu. Lomnqubongongomo wemithetho ka-Jim Crow nesikhathi sokwakhakabusha (i-Reconstruction) uholele ekungalinganini ngaphakhathi kwezihlanga zabamhlophe nabansundu. Ngezi-1960, abansundu banikezwe amalungelo alinganayo nabamhlophe kepha kusanobungalingani obungekho nqo emthethweni kodwa obusalele ngenxa yemikhulu yeminyaka yokucindezelwa nokuvalelwa ngaphandle komnotho kwabansundu.

Umengameli uyinhloko yesizwe, unhloko yegatsha lokuphatha nomkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo. Umengameli ukhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka emine. Kuvumelike ngokomthetho ukuthi ahlale akhethwe ukuhlala ebunkundleni kabili kuphela. Makundlula iminyaka eyine, izakhamuzi ezikhulileyo zikhetha abameli bezinhlangano ukuthi bakhethe umenganeli njengamalunga yeNhlangano Yokhetho. Izifundazwe zihletshulelwane izihlalo kulomhlangano ngobukhulu benani labahlali. Kepha loluhlelo lubunjwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifundazwe ezinganabantu abaningi ukuthi bathole izihlalo. Lokho kuzinikeza ithonya elindlula ubukhulu benani lazo. Nakuba amalunga alomhlangano avumelelike ukukhetha namuni, isiko siphoqela ukuthi bakhetha ikhandidethi yeqembu elikhethwe iningi lenani labahlali besifunda abasimeleyo. 

Umengameli ungena esikhundleni ngo-20 kaMasingane konyaka ngasemuva kokuphela kobukhundla komengameli ophumayo. Umengameli unegunya lokuqoka abongqongqoshe ngemvumo ye-Senate. Umengameli unamandla okulawula nokukhuza igatsha lokuphatha ngoba amandla okuphoqelela omthetho asezandleni zakhe. Lomsebenzi uwenza ngokusayina imiyalelo yokuphatha (executive orders). Kepha, lamandla akhawulwa umthetho oshayiwe i-Congress nezinqumo zegatsha lobulungiswa. Nakubo kunemikhawulo, uMengameli oneningi lamalunga weqembu lezombangazwe efana neyakhe ezindlini zimbili ze-Congress, unethonya lokungenisa imithetho ehambelana nezinhloso zomkhankaso akhe. Ngohamba kwesikhathi uMengameli ugodle amandla andayo, isibonelo: ukuthuma amajoni ezizweni zangaphandle nakuba i-Congress ingaka memezi impi kulesosizwe. 

i-Congress iyisishayamthetho saseMelika. Indlu yangaphezulu, i-Senate inamalunga ayi-100. Izifundazwe zonke zinekwa amalunga amabili kuphela. Lamalunga amela iqembu lezombangazwe ethile. Futhi akhethwa izakhamuzi. Kuthethwa ihafu yamalunga e-Senate emuva kweminyaka eyintathu. Amalunga e-Senate ahlala iminyaka emibili esikhundleni kepha kuvumelekile ukuthi akhethwe kaningi; akunamkhawulo isibalo sezikhathi amalunga e-Senate angakhethwa ngayo. i-Senate inemandla okunquma imivumelwano nezinye izizwe ukuthi zibe inxenye yomthetho jikelele waseMelika. I-Senate inamandla okugweba Umengameli icala ukumkhipha esikhundlweni. Nakuba imigqubo nophenyo yayiqalwa, aboMengameli abandlule kulomcimbi baphunyuke ngokwehla esikhundleni (uRonald Reagan) noma ukungabikho kweningi lamalunga ukuthi axhase ukuxoshwa kaMengameli (isibonelo: uDonald Trump). 

iGunga yabaMelibezwe (i-House of Representatives), ikhethwa izakhamuzi. Amaqembu ezombangazwe anikezwa izihlalo ezilingana nezifunda zokhetho lapho athola iningi lamavoti khona. Imithetho wentelo nezimali kufanelwe ingeniswr futhi ivunyelwe iGunga yabaMelibezwe. Iningi yemithetho kufanelwe ivunyelwe lezizindlu zimbili. Ngokungafani nezinye izizwe, iMelika inamaqembu ezombangazwe ezimbili kuphela: i-Democratic Party ne-Republican Party. Futhi, lamaqembu madala: ama-Democrats asungulwe ngo-1828 futhi ama-Republican asungulwe ngo-1854. Kusukela 2024 osesikhundleni sobumengameli nguDonald Trump we-Republican Party.

=== Ezokuvikela ===
Amabutho Ahlomileyo ase-Melika (United States Armed Forces) andlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni ngamandla. Inezindleko eziyizigidintathu ezi-1.15$ ezindlula izizwe ezingamashumi amabili ezilandelayo zihlangene. iMelika inezikhali zenuzi eziyi-1,744. iMelika yisizwe esisodwa emlandweni womhlaba wonke oqumise izikhali zenuzi esizweni esinye ngesikhathi sempi ngo-1945 emadolobheni wase-Nagasaki nase-Hiroshima e-Japan. iMelika ikhona ukuciba izikhali zenuzi ngamagatsha amathathu: obhakabhakeni, olwandleni nasemhlabeni. iMelika inemikhumbi yempi eyi-292. Futhi inemikhumbi izithwalandiza zenuzi ezi-11 nemikhumbi yangaphansi kwamanzi ehamba ngenuzi eyi-68, isibalo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika ikhanda izikhali ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Futhi izinga lobucwepheshe ekukhandweni kwezikhali kuholela ekutheni iMelika ikhanda izinhlobo zezikhali nempahla yempi esebenze emkhathini, ebhakabhakeni, emhlabeni naselwandleni. iMelika ithekelisa izikhali eziletha intelo eyizigidigidi eziyi-13.512$ (indlula izizwe zonke kangangokuthi iqoqa 43% yentelo yazonke izikhali ezikhandwa emhlabeni wonke).

Umkhuzi jikelele waseMelika nguMengameli. i-Joint Chiefs of Staff, ingumkhandlu wabakhuzi abaphakeme bamagatsha wamabutho ahlomileyo. Lomkhandlu uboniselana nohulumeni futhi obhekane nezindaba zezinsuku zamabutho. Umnyango weMpi (owawuwaziwa Umyango wezokuVikela) uqhasha abasebenzi namajoni onke. Ngokuqhasha abantu abandlula izingidi eziyintathu, Umnyango wezokuVikela ungumqhashi omkhulu ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. iMelika inezinkambi zamabutho ezi-800 ezizweni eziyi-80. Futhi iMelika inezikambu zamabuthi zangaphesheya ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni zinhlangene ngobuningi.

=== Ezobundlelwanenezizwe ===
iMelika inobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-190. iMelika inezitha zokuqala nezizwe zase-Iran, iNyakatho Khoriya, iSiriya, [[iRashiya]], iKhiyubha, ne-[[IShayina|Shayina]]. iMelika iyilunga lisungula lezinhlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, kakhulu: [[IZizwe Ezihlangene]], Inhlangano Yomvumelwano yaseNyakatho Atlantiki, i-G7, Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlabawonke, iBhange Yomhlaba, Isikhwama Sezizwezonke, Inhlangano Yokusebenzisana Ngokomnotho neNtuthuko, Inhlangano Yezizwezonke Yesidlakalasi Sochwe. iMelika iyilunga ehlala unomphela yoMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa. iMelika inethonya ethambile neqinile endlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Isebenzisa amasiko nobuciko ukuheha izizwe nomnotho namabutho ukuphoqelela intando yayo.

iMelika iqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekile emanzini olwandle avulekele izizwezonke. Ngokuba iMelika yayihlasele izizwe eziningi emlandweni wayo (isib. iVietnam, iLaos, iKhambodiya, i-Iraq, iLibhiya, i-Afghanistani, iPhanama) futhi imenule imibuso eminingi kakhulu eShiya naseNingizimu Melika (isib. i-Iran, iKhiyubha, iGwatemala, iTshile, iBrazili), futhi ihlome isivinjelo esizweni sase-Khiyubha nokuthi ivalele izizwe ezingi ngaphandle kwemikhakha eminingi ohwebeni nasomnothweni emhlaba (''sanctions''), iMelika igxekwa ezinye izizwe nezakhamuzi zayo. Futhi, ngokuba iMelika izisalelisile ngaphandle kweNkantolo Yezizwezonke Yobugebenu, amacala eminingi wezakhamuzi nabaholi bayo ababandakanyeke ebuxhaphazweni kamalungelo abantu abashushiwa futhi abajeziswa ngendlela izizwe ezimpofu kakhulu zase-Afrika ziphathwa ngayo. Emuva kokuphela kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlabawonke, iMelika iphakamise ukuzimela kwezizwe, ukuhweba nezinye izizwe nokwanda kwentandoyeningi, nohlelo lobudlelwane ezizwe olusekelwe ngumthetho. Kepha ngenxa yezigameko ezifana nokuxhasa ababusi abacindezela izakhamuzi zayo, leziziphakamiso ziyosolwa kwezinye izigaba. Nakuba kunjalo, esikhathini kokudilika kweBumbano yamaSoviyethi izizwe eziningi zithuthukile okomnotho futhi kwande intandoyeningi.</text>
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      <parentid>122004</parentid>
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      <text bytes="17047" sha1="cieezk3oerphd74tgj9piohc9e409ew" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe|igama=iMelika|igama_ivamile=America|igama_ikhulu=United States of America|ifulegi=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|image_coat=Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|isaga_wesizwe=&quot;Sithemba kuNkulunkulu&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''In God We Trust''&quot; (isiNgisi)&lt;br&gt; &quot;Ebuningini, munye&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''E pluribus unum''&quot; (isiLatini)|inkondlo_wesizwe=Isibhengezo Esifafazwe Ngezinkanyezi&lt;br&gt;''Star Spangled Banner'' (isiNgisi)|inhlokodolobha=Washington DC|izilimi=[[IsiNgisi]]|idolobha_elikhulu=[[New York]]|ibalazwe=USA orthographic.svg|abantu=Ummelika, Amamelika|ubukhulu_km2=9833520|iphesenti_lamanzi=7%|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa=341,784,857|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka=2025|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma=lwesithathu|ixuku_labantu_km2=97.4|ixuku_labantu_ukuma=lwesi-180|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Umbusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi yokhetho nomengameli okhethwa ngabantu nqo ongaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=Umengameli|umongameli_igama1=[[Donald Trump]]|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isekela likaMengameli|umongameli_igama2=J.D. Vance|umongameli_isithakazo3=Umehluleli Omkhulu|umongameli_igama3=John Roberts|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Isimemezo sobuzimela|usuku_isehlakalo1=4 kaNhlangulana 1776|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Umfelandawonye|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaNdasa 1781|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Umthethosisekelo|usuku_isehlakalo3=4 kaNdasa 1789|imali=iDola laseMelika (USD/$)}}

[[iMelika]] (ngokomthetho: Izifundazwe Ezibumbene zaseMelika; [[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United States of America'', ngokumfushane: ''America'') liyisizwe onyakathweni lwelizwekazini elithatha igama layo kuyona: iNyakatho Melika. Izungezwe [[iKhanada]] ngasenyakatho (umgcele omude ukundlula imigcele yonke emhlabeni engavikelwanga), iLwandle lase-Atlantiki ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Mekisiko (isingeniso seLwandle lase-Karibi kusukela 2024, [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]] uguqule leligama kuLwandle lase-Melika)  ngaseningizimu mpumalanga, [[iMekisiko]] ngaseningizimu neLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngasentshonalanga. Isifundazwe sase-Alaska (esindlula izifundazwe zonke zeMelika ngobungakho bendawo) lisenyakatho ntshonalanga leNyakatho Melika. Sizungezwe iKhanada ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngaseningizimu, iLwandle lase-Arctic ngasenyakatho, neRashiya entshonalanga ngaphesheya komcingo wase-Beringi. Isifundazwe sase-Hawaii siselwandleni Pasifiki kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezingaphansi kwaseMelika iGuam, iSamowa yase-Melika, Iziqhingi zaseNyakatho Mariana. eLwandleni lase-Karibi, kuneziqhingi ezingaphansi kweMelika: i-Puerto Rico nama-American Virgin Islands.

== Ezombusazwe ==
[[File:Constitution of the United States, page 1.jpg|Ikhasi lokuqala lomthethosisekelo yaseMelika]]
iMelika ibuswa ngohlelokubusa okuhamba ngombusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi ongaphansi komthethosisekelo. Uhlelokulawula wase-Melika uyisibonelo esithonye umumo wezinhlelo zokulawula zezinye izizwe emhlabeni. Uhlelo lwezombusazwe waseMelika wakhiwe esisekelweni sentandoyeningi yase-Bhulithani kepha ifulathela ubukhosi balesosizwe.  Umthethosisekelo olungene emthethweni ngo-21 kaNdasa 1789. Nakuba umthethosisekelo uguqulwe kayi-27, umumo kahulumeni kazwelonke usafana nasikhathi usungulwa ngayo:

* Isishayamthetho: i-Congress enezindluzimbili: i-Senate (indlu yangaphezulu emele izifundazwe ngokulingana) nesiGunga yabaMelisizwe (indlu yangaphansi emelwe abantu besisizwe sonke)
* Sokuphatha: Umengameli okhethwe iNhlangano Yokhetho (i-Electoral College) oqoka abonqgongqoshe abangamalunga weKhabinethi
* Sobulungiswa: iNkantolo ePhakeme nezinkantolo ezihlukene zikazwelonke.

Amandla okubusa ahletshulelwane ngaphakathi kwezifundazwe nohulumeni kazwelonke. Izifundazwe zinamandla okuziphathi kuyonke imikhakha engagcinelwangwa uhulumeni kazwelonke. Nakuba, izifundazwe zinemithethosisekelo zabo, Umthethosisekelo uphezu kwayo yonke. Futhi, umthethosisekelo uyalela ukuthi imihulumeni uezifundazwe kufanele ihambe ngohlelo wombusobala wentandoyeningi yokhetho. Uhlaka wezigatsha zintathu eziqaphelanayo, lumqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ahletshulwe ngendlela ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kubuswa ngentandoyeningi. Isikhathi eside somlando weMelika yesimanje, abansundu abathunjwe e-Afrika abayizigqili, babenganawo ubuzakhamuzi. Emuva kweMpi Yezakhamuzi YaseMelika (eqalwe ngenxa yokuphikisana ngaphakathi kwezihlongithi zezifundazwe zaseNyakatho nohulumeni kazwelonke nehlangothi lezifundazwe zaseningizimu mayelana amalungelo ezifundazwe kakhulu okuziqumela mayelana ubugqili), abansundu banikezwe ubuzakhamuzi. Ngephoxeko, bekunobandlululo kubansundu. Lomnqubongongomo wemithetho ka-Jim Crow nesikhathi sokwakhakabusha (i-Reconstruction) uholele ekungalinganini ngaphakhathi kwezihlanga zabamhlophe nabansundu. Ngezi-1960, abansundu banikezwe amalungelo alinganayo nabamhlophe kepha kusanobungalingani obungekho nqo emthethweni kodwa obusalele ngenxa yemikhulu yeminyaka yokucindezelwa nokuvalelwa ngaphandle komnotho kwabansundu.
[[File:Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg|thumb|Isithombe esisemthethweni sikaMengameli uDonald Trump kusukela 2025]]
Umengameli uyinhloko yesizwe, unhloko yegatsha lokuphatha nomkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo. Umengameli ukhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka emine. Kuvumelike ngokomthetho ukuthi ahlale akhethwe ukuhlala ebunkundleni kabili kuphela. Makundlula iminyaka eyine, izakhamuzi ezikhulileyo zikhetha abameli bezinhlangano ukuthi bakhethe umenganeli njengamalunga yeNhlangano Yokhetho. Izifundazwe zihletshulelwane izihlalo kulomhlangano ngobukhulu benani labahlali. Kepha loluhlelo lubunjwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifundazwe ezinganabantu abaningi ukuthi bathole izihlalo. Lokho kuzinikeza ithonya elindlula ubukhulu benani lazo. Nakuba amalunga alomhlangano avumelelike ukukhetha namuni, isiko siphoqela ukuthi bakhetha ikhandidethi yeqembu elikhethwe iningi lenani labahlali besifunda abasimeleyo. 

Umengameli ungena esikhundleni ngo-20 kaMasingane konyaka ngasemuva kokuphela kobukhundla komengameli ophumayo. Umengameli unegunya lokuqoka abongqongqoshe ngemvumo ye-Senate. Umengameli unamandla okulawula nokukhuza igatsha lokuphatha ngoba amandla okuphoqelela omthetho asezandleni zakhe. Lomsebenzi uwenza ngokusayina imiyalelo yokuphatha (executive orders). Kepha, lamandla akhawulwa umthetho oshayiwe i-Congress nezinqumo zegatsha lobulungiswa. Nakubo kunemikhawulo, uMengameli oneningi lamalunga weqembu lezombangazwe efana neyakhe ezindlini zimbili ze-Congress, unethonya lokungenisa imithetho ehambelana nezinhloso zomkhankaso akhe. Ngohamba kwesikhathi uMengameli ugodle amandla andayo, isibonelo: ukuthuma amajoni ezizweni zangaphandle nakuba i-Congress ingaka memezi impi kulesosizwe. 
[[File:United States Capitol west front edit2.jpg|Isakhiwo Capitol, isihlalo sesishayamthetho saseMelika]]
i-Congress iyisishayamthetho saseMelika. Indlu yangaphezulu, i-Senate inamalunga ayi-100. Izifundazwe zonke zinekwa amalunga amabili kuphela. Lamalunga amela iqembu lezombangazwe ethile. Futhi akhethwa izakhamuzi. Kuthethwa ihafu yamalunga e-Senate emuva kweminyaka eyintathu. Amalunga e-Senate ahlala iminyaka emibili esikhundleni kepha kuvumelekile ukuthi akhethwe kaningi; akunamkhawulo isibalo sezikhathi amalunga e-Senate angakhethwa ngayo. i-Senate inemandla okunquma imivumelwano nezinye izizwe ukuthi zibe inxenye yomthetho jikelele waseMelika. I-Senate inamandla okugweba Umengameli icala ukumkhipha esikhundlweni. Nakuba imigqubo nophenyo yayiqalwa, aboMengameli abandlule kulomcimbi baphunyuke ngokwehla esikhundleni (uRonald Reagan) noma ukungabikho kweningi lamalunga ukuthi axhase ukuxoshwa kaMengameli (isibonelo: uDonald Trump). 

iGunga yabaMelibezwe (i-House of Representatives), ikhethwa izakhamuzi. Amaqembu ezombangazwe anikezwa izihlalo ezilingana nezifunda zokhetho lapho athola iningi lamavoti khona. Imithetho wentelo nezimali kufanelwe ingeniswr futhi ivunyelwe iGunga yabaMelibezwe. Iningi yemithetho kufanelwe ivunyelwe lezizindlu zimbili. Ngokungafani nezinye izizwe, iMelika inamaqembu ezombangazwe ezimbili kuphela: i-Democratic Party ne-Republican Party. Futhi, lamaqembu madala: ama-Democrats asungulwe ngo-1828 futhi ama-Republican asungulwe ngo-1854. Kusukela 2024 osesikhundleni sobumengameli nguDonald Trump we-Republican Party.

=== Ezokuvikela ===
[[File:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) underway in the Atlantic Ocean on 9 October 2022 (221009-N-TL968-1248).JPG|thumb|Isithwalandiza Gerald R. Ford, umkhumbi wezempi ondlula yonke imikhumbi yempi emhlabeni wonke]]
Amabutho Ahlomileyo ase-Melika (United States Armed Forces) andlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni ngamandla. Inezindleko eziyizigidintathu ezi-1.15$ ezindlula izizwe ezingamashumi amabili ezilandelayo zihlangene. iMelika inezikhali zenuzi eziyi-1,744. iMelika yisizwe esisodwa emlandweni womhlaba wonke oqumise izikhali zenuzi esizweni esinye ngesikhathi sempi ngo-1945 emadolobheni wase-Nagasaki nase-Hiroshima e-Japan. iMelika ikhona ukuciba izikhali zenuzi ngamagatsha amathathu: obhakabhakeni, olwandleni nasemhlabeni. iMelika inemikhumbi yempi eyi-292. Futhi inemikhumbi izithwalandiza zenuzi ezi-11 nemikhumbi yangaphansi kwamanzi ehamba ngenuzi eyi-68, isibalo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika ikhanda izikhali ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Futhi izinga lobucwepheshe ekukhandweni kwezikhali kuholela ekutheni iMelika ikhanda izinhlobo zezikhali nempahla yempi esebenze emkhathini, ebhakabhakeni, emhlabeni naselwandleni. iMelika ithekelisa izikhali eziletha intelo eyizigidigidi eziyi-13.512$ (indlula izizwe zonke kangangokuthi iqoqa 43% yentelo yazonke izikhali ezikhandwa emhlabeni wonke).
[[The Pentagon, Headquarters of the US Department of Defense (cropped2).jpg|thumb|i-Pentagon, isakhiwo sohlelo lwenxanhlanu, isihlalo soMnyango wezeMpi]]
Umkhuzi jikelele waseMelika nguMengameli. i-Joint Chiefs of Staff, ingumkhandlu wabakhuzi abaphakeme bamagatsha wamabutho ahlomileyo. Lomkhandlu uboniselana nohulumeni futhi obhekane nezindaba zezinsuku zamabutho. Umnyango weMpi (owawuwaziwa Umyango wezokuVikela) uqhasha abasebenzi namajoni onke. Ngokuqhasha abantu abandlula izingidi eziyintathu, Umnyango wezokuVikela ungumqhashi omkhulu ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. iMelika inezinkambi zamabutho ezi-800 ezizweni eziyi-80. Futhi iMelika inezikambu zamabuthi zangaphesheya ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni zinhlangene ngobuningi.

=== Ezobundlelwanenezizwe ===
[[File:Midtown Manhattan Skyline 004 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isihlalo senhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene, eDolobheni laseNew York]]
iMelika inobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-190. iMelika inezitha zokuqala nezizwe zase-Iran, iNyakatho Khoriya, iSiriya, [[iRashiya]], iKhiyubha, ne-[[IShayina|Shayina]]. iMelika iyilunga lisungula lezinhlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, kakhulu: [[IZizwe Ezihlangene]], Inhlangano Yomvumelwano yaseNyakatho Atlantiki, i-G7, Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlabawonke, iBhange Yomhlaba, Isikhwama Sezizwezonke, Inhlangano Yokusebenzisana Ngokomnotho neNtuthuko, Inhlangano Yezizwezonke Yesidlakalasi Sochwe. iMelika iyilunga ehlala unomphela yoMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa. iMelika inethonya ethambile neqinile endlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Isebenzisa amasiko nobuciko ukuheha izizwe nomnotho namabutho ukuphoqelela intando yayo.

iMelika iqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekile emanzini olwandle avulekele izizwezonke. Ngokuba iMelika yayihlasele izizwe eziningi emlandweni wayo (isib. iVietnam, iLaos, iKhambodiya, i-Iraq, iLibhiya, i-Afghanistani, iPhanama) futhi imenule imibuso eminingi kakhulu eShiya naseNingizimu Melika (isib. i-Iran, iKhiyubha, iGwatemala, iTshile, iBrazili), futhi ihlome isivinjelo esizweni sase-Khiyubha nokuthi ivalele izizwe ezingi ngaphandle kwemikhakha eminingi ohwebeni nasomnothweni emhlaba (''sanctions''), iMelika igxekwa ezinye izizwe nezakhamuzi zayo. Futhi, ngokuba iMelika izisalelisile ngaphandle kweNkantolo Yezizwezonke Yobugebenu, amacala eminingi wezakhamuzi nabaholi bayo ababandakanyeke ebuxhaphazweni kamalungelo abantu abashushiwa futhi abajeziswa ngendlela izizwe ezimpofu kakhulu zase-Afrika ziphathwa ngayo. Emuva kokuphela kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlabawonke, iMelika iphakamise ukuzimela kwezizwe, ukuhweba nezinye izizwe nokwanda kwentandoyeningi, nohlelo lobudlelwane ezizwe olusekelwe ngumthetho. Kepha ngenxa yezigameko ezifana nokuxhasa ababusi abacindezela izakhamuzi zayo, leziziphakamiso ziyosolwa kwezinye izigaba. Nakuba kunjalo, esikhathini kokudilika kweBumbano yamaSoviyethi izizwe eziningi zithuthukile okomnotho futhi kwande intandoyeningi.
== Ezomnotho ==
[[File:View of Empire State Building from Rockefeller Center New York City dllu (cropped).jpg|thumb|Umumodolobha wase iManhattan, inxenye ledolobha lase-New York, idolobha elindlula wonke amadolobha ngomkhiqizo]]
iMelika inomnotho osezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. iMelika inomkhiqizo ohlangene wonyaka oyizigidintathu ezi-29.18$. Ngobusobala umkhiqizo okomnotho waseMelika undlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Kepha, makuqhathaniswa amandla okuthenga ngaphakathi kwezizwe, iMelika indlulwa iShayina. iMelika inokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu wezi-$ 89,860. Ngaphandle kwezizwe ezincane, iMelika indlula izizwe zonke ngokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu. iMali yaseMelika, iDola (USD) isetshenziswa ohwebeni nomthengiselwano ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni (80% yemithengiselwano ngaphankathi kwezizwe ihamba ngamaDola). 

Uhlelo lezomnotho laseMelika kuhamba ngokuhweba okukhululekile olunemikhawulo emincane. Futhi, kukholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele bazimele emikhakheni eminingi yempilo. Ngakho ke, eMelika kuvunyelwa ukuthi abaqhashi baxoshe abasebenzi kalula, izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqeleli imivikelo yamalungelo wabasebenzi ngendlela eqhathaniseka nabalingani be-Melika ngokuthuthuka kakhulu e-Yurophu. Nakuba mayilinganiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ayibizeli intelo eningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi iMelika ayineza imivikelo yomphakathi efana nezintanga zayo eziningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi nakuba kukhona izinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicare ne-Social Security, abantu kufanele bathembele ekongeni kwemali nokuzitshaleli umholo wabo emapenshinini (isib. i-401K). Iningi labasebenzi baseMelika abekho emibumbanweni yabasebenzi. Izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqi ukuthi abasebenzi banikezwe izinsuku zekhefu (isib. ikhefu nxakubeletha) ngaphandle kampelasonto namaholide. Nakuba ubugqili bungasavumelekile, iziboshwa zingaphoqelelwa ukusebenza njengesijeziso sokugwetshelwa icala.

iMelika inemikhakha yomnotho eminingi. iMelika inothile ngomhlaba  kakhulu ngoba ikhiqiza amafutha andlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Futhi iMelika ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wegolide, usokhele, insimbi, izenke nomophobo. iMelika inobuningi bomhlaba ovundile ondlula izizwe zonke, ngakho ikhiqiza izitshalelwa ezindlula izizwe zonke mazihlangene, kakhulu amaqobolondo wesoya (amabhontshisi wesoya), izihlamvu zamafutha, izintelo, umbila, ukolweni, imifino, ubisi nemikhiqizo yawo, nenyama. 

iMelika inomkhakha wamasevisi ondlula izizwe zonke. Inamankampani wobucwepeshe amakhulu kakhulu abizwa Isikhombisa Esiyisimangaliso: Meta (Facebook), Alphabet (Google, YouTube), Amazon, Nvidia, Microsoft, Apple, ne-Tesla. iMelika inomkhakha wezokuphathamali ondlula izizwe zonke. Amabhange amakhulu yilawa: JP Morgan Chase, Goldman-Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup kanye neWells Fargo. Futhi, iMelika inezinkampani ezimbili ezilekela ukuthengiselwana ngobusimanje manje kakhulu amakhasi: Visa ne-Mastercard. iMelika inomkhakha ezobungcebeleka ondlula izizwe zonke. Kakhulu umkhakha wamafilimu eMelika, ominyenwe eHollywood, inxenye yedolobha iLos Angeles, indlula izizwe zonke zomhlaba ngomholo. Futhi iphethe izinkampani ezinkulu kulomkhakha: Disney, Netflix, Comcast, kanye ne-Paramount (kakhulu ngokuthenga i-Warner Bros. Discovery). iMelika ikhande abosomgidigidi abandlula izizwe zonke: 989 futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibumbe usomgidintathu wokuqala emlwandweni womhlaba wonke: u-Elon Musk.

iMelika ifeze lokuthuthuka nokubuso omnothweni ngenxa yezinsiza ezimbalwa: ukunotha komhlaba, izikhungo eziqinile, inani yabantu efunde ezingeni eliphezulu, ukunqoba izifo eziningi ezibhubhisa abasha, uhwebo okhululekile, nokuqamba izinguxa ezintsha sha ezimqoka esimanjemanjeni, namandla empi okuphoqelela izinhloso zayo. iMelika iqambe kokuqala lezizinguxa nezinhlelo zobucwepesha: [[uxhakaxholo]], [[IsiCikizi|isicikizi]], isikhanyiso [[amazuba|sombani]], [[iNdiza|indiza]], izubela lesiphemba, futhi [[isikhali senuzi]]. iMelika inesimo sezingqalasizinda esithuthuke kakhulu: uhleloxhumano lwemigwaqo okushesha olundlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni, izitheku zempahla kakhulu zase-New York nase-Los Angeles, inani lezikhululo zezindiza ezindlula izizwe zonke isib., i-Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, i-Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, ne-O'Hare International Airport. iMelika inezinkampani zezindiza ezinethonya kakhulu isib. Delta, American, Southwest ne-United.

Umbani waseMelika uqhamuka emithombini embalwa: izivuthisi zentshicwa (isib. amalahle namafutha, amamoya emvelo 82%), amandla avuselelekayo (isib. ilanga, umoya, amanzi 10%), amandla enuzi (8%).</text>
      <sha1>cieezk3oerphd74tgj9piohc9e409ew</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122006</id>
      <parentid>122005</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T20:12:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umzabalazi</username>
        <id>25813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ezombusazwe */</comment>
      <origin>122006</origin>
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      <text bytes="17065" sha1="sjygdlrrnhz07a5a5nxo67xr6ve301z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe|igama=iMelika|igama_ivamile=America|igama_ikhulu=United States of America|ifulegi=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|image_coat=Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|isaga_wesizwe=&quot;Sithemba kuNkulunkulu&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''In God We Trust''&quot; (isiNgisi)&lt;br&gt; &quot;Ebuningini, munye&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''E pluribus unum''&quot; (isiLatini)|inkondlo_wesizwe=Isibhengezo Esifafazwe Ngezinkanyezi&lt;br&gt;''Star Spangled Banner'' (isiNgisi)|inhlokodolobha=Washington DC|izilimi=[[IsiNgisi]]|idolobha_elikhulu=[[New York]]|ibalazwe=USA orthographic.svg|abantu=Ummelika, Amamelika|ubukhulu_km2=9833520|iphesenti_lamanzi=7%|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa=341,784,857|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka=2025|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma=lwesithathu|ixuku_labantu_km2=97.4|ixuku_labantu_ukuma=lwesi-180|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Umbusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi yokhetho nomengameli okhethwa ngabantu nqo ongaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=Umengameli|umongameli_igama1=[[Donald Trump]]|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isekela likaMengameli|umongameli_igama2=J.D. Vance|umongameli_isithakazo3=Umehluleli Omkhulu|umongameli_igama3=John Roberts|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Isimemezo sobuzimela|usuku_isehlakalo1=4 kaNhlangulana 1776|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Umfelandawonye|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaNdasa 1781|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Umthethosisekelo|usuku_isehlakalo3=4 kaNdasa 1789|imali=iDola laseMelika (USD/$)}}

[[iMelika]] (ngokomthetho: Izifundazwe Ezibumbene zaseMelika; [[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United States of America'', ngokumfushane: ''America'') liyisizwe onyakathweni lwelizwekazini elithatha igama layo kuyona: iNyakatho Melika. Izungezwe [[iKhanada]] ngasenyakatho (umgcele omude ukundlula imigcele yonke emhlabeni engavikelwanga), iLwandle lase-Atlantiki ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Mekisiko (isingeniso seLwandle lase-Karibi kusukela 2024, [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]] uguqule leligama kuLwandle lase-Melika)  ngaseningizimu mpumalanga, [[iMekisiko]] ngaseningizimu neLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngasentshonalanga. Isifundazwe sase-Alaska (esindlula izifundazwe zonke zeMelika ngobungakho bendawo) lisenyakatho ntshonalanga leNyakatho Melika. Sizungezwe iKhanada ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngaseningizimu, iLwandle lase-Arctic ngasenyakatho, neRashiya entshonalanga ngaphesheya komcingo wase-Beringi. Isifundazwe sase-Hawaii siselwandleni Pasifiki kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezingaphansi kwaseMelika iGuam, iSamowa yase-Melika, Iziqhingi zaseNyakatho Mariana. eLwandleni lase-Karibi, kuneziqhingi ezingaphansi kweMelika: i-Puerto Rico nama-American Virgin Islands.

== Ezombusazwe ==
[[File:Constitution of the United States, page 1.jpg|thumb|Ikhasi lokuqala lomthethosisekelo yaseMelika]]
iMelika ibuswa ngohlelokubusa okuhamba ngombusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi ongaphansi komthethosisekelo. Uhlelokulawula wase-Melika uyisibonelo esithonye umumo wezinhlelo zokulawula zezinye izizwe emhlabeni. Uhlelo lwezombusazwe waseMelika wakhiwe esisekelweni sentandoyeningi yase-Bhulithani kepha ifulathela ubukhosi balesosizwe.  Umthethosisekelo olungene emthethweni ngo-21 kaNdasa 1789. Nakuba umthethosisekelo uguqulwe kayi-27, umumo kahulumeni kazwelonke usafana nasikhathi usungulwa ngayo:

* Isishayamthetho: i-Congress enezindluzimbili: i-Senate (indlu yangaphezulu emele izifundazwe ngokulingana) nesiGunga yabaMelisizwe (indlu yangaphansi emelwe abantu besisizwe sonke)
* Sokuphatha: Umengameli okhethwe iNhlangano Yokhetho (i-Electoral College) oqoka abonqgongqoshe abangamalunga weKhabinethi
* Sobulungiswa: iNkantolo ePhakeme nezinkantolo ezihlukene zikazwelonke.

Amandla okubusa ahletshulelwane ngaphakathi kwezifundazwe nohulumeni kazwelonke. Izifundazwe zinamandla okuziphathi kuyonke imikhakha engagcinelwangwa uhulumeni kazwelonke. Nakuba, izifundazwe zinemithethosisekelo zabo, Umthethosisekelo uphezu kwayo yonke. Futhi, umthethosisekelo uyalela ukuthi imihulumeni uezifundazwe kufanele ihambe ngohlelo wombusobala wentandoyeningi yokhetho. Uhlaka wezigatsha zintathu eziqaphelanayo, lumqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ahletshulwe ngendlela ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kubuswa ngentandoyeningi. Isikhathi eside somlando weMelika yesimanje, abansundu abathunjwe e-Afrika abayizigqili, babenganawo ubuzakhamuzi. Emuva kweMpi Yezakhamuzi YaseMelika (eqalwe ngenxa yokuphikisana ngaphakathi kwezihlongithi zezifundazwe zaseNyakatho nohulumeni kazwelonke nehlangothi lezifundazwe zaseningizimu mayelana amalungelo ezifundazwe kakhulu okuziqumela mayelana ubugqili), abansundu banikezwe ubuzakhamuzi. Ngephoxeko, bekunobandlululo kubansundu. Lomnqubongongomo wemithetho ka-Jim Crow nesikhathi sokwakhakabusha (i-Reconstruction) uholele ekungalinganini ngaphakhathi kwezihlanga zabamhlophe nabansundu. Ngezi-1960, abansundu banikezwe amalungelo alinganayo nabamhlophe kepha kusanobungalingani obungekho nqo emthethweni kodwa obusalele ngenxa yemikhulu yeminyaka yokucindezelwa nokuvalelwa ngaphandle komnotho kwabansundu.
[[File:Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg|thumb|Isithombe esisemthethweni sikaMengameli uDonald Trump kusukela 2025]]
Umengameli uyinhloko yesizwe, unhloko yegatsha lokuphatha nomkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo. Umengameli ukhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka emine. Kuvumelike ngokomthetho ukuthi ahlale akhethwe ukuhlala ebunkundleni kabili kuphela. Makundlula iminyaka eyine, izakhamuzi ezikhulileyo zikhetha abameli bezinhlangano ukuthi bakhethe umenganeli njengamalunga yeNhlangano Yokhetho. Izifundazwe zihletshulelwane izihlalo kulomhlangano ngobukhulu benani labahlali. Kepha loluhlelo lubunjwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifundazwe ezinganabantu abaningi ukuthi bathole izihlalo. Lokho kuzinikeza ithonya elindlula ubukhulu benani lazo. Nakuba amalunga alomhlangano avumelelike ukukhetha namuni, isiko siphoqela ukuthi bakhetha ikhandidethi yeqembu elikhethwe iningi lenani labahlali besifunda abasimeleyo. 

Umengameli ungena esikhundleni ngo-20 kaMasingane konyaka ngasemuva kokuphela kobukhundla komengameli ophumayo. Umengameli unegunya lokuqoka abongqongqoshe ngemvumo ye-Senate. Umengameli unamandla okulawula nokukhuza igatsha lokuphatha ngoba amandla okuphoqelela omthetho asezandleni zakhe. Lomsebenzi uwenza ngokusayina imiyalelo yokuphatha (executive orders). Kepha, lamandla akhawulwa umthetho oshayiwe i-Congress nezinqumo zegatsha lobulungiswa. Nakubo kunemikhawulo, uMengameli oneningi lamalunga weqembu lezombangazwe efana neyakhe ezindlini zimbili ze-Congress, unethonya lokungenisa imithetho ehambelana nezinhloso zomkhankaso akhe. Ngohamba kwesikhathi uMengameli ugodle amandla andayo, isibonelo: ukuthuma amajoni ezizweni zangaphandle nakuba i-Congress ingaka memezi impi kulesosizwe. 
[[File:United States Capitol west front edit2.jpg|thumb|Isakhiwo Capitol, isihlalo sesishayamthetho saseMelika]]
i-Congress iyisishayamthetho saseMelika. Indlu yangaphezulu, i-Senate inamalunga ayi-100. Izifundazwe zonke zinekwa amalunga amabili kuphela. Lamalunga amela iqembu lezombangazwe ethile. Futhi akhethwa izakhamuzi. Kuthethwa ihafu yamalunga e-Senate emuva kweminyaka eyintathu. Amalunga e-Senate ahlala iminyaka emibili esikhundleni kepha kuvumelekile ukuthi akhethwe kaningi; akunamkhawulo isibalo sezikhathi amalunga e-Senate angakhethwa ngayo. i-Senate inemandla okunquma imivumelwano nezinye izizwe ukuthi zibe inxenye yomthetho jikelele waseMelika. I-Senate inamandla okugweba Umengameli icala ukumkhipha esikhundlweni. Nakuba imigqubo nophenyo yayiqalwa, aboMengameli abandlule kulomcimbi baphunyuke ngokwehla esikhundleni (uRonald Reagan) noma ukungabikho kweningi lamalunga ukuthi axhase ukuxoshwa kaMengameli (isibonelo: uDonald Trump). 

iGunga yabaMelibezwe (i-House of Representatives), ikhethwa izakhamuzi. Amaqembu ezombangazwe anikezwa izihlalo ezilingana nezifunda zokhetho lapho athola iningi lamavoti khona. Imithetho wentelo nezimali kufanelwe ingeniswr futhi ivunyelwe iGunga yabaMelibezwe. Iningi yemithetho kufanelwe ivunyelwe lezizindlu zimbili. Ngokungafani nezinye izizwe, iMelika inamaqembu ezombangazwe ezimbili kuphela: i-Democratic Party ne-Republican Party. Futhi, lamaqembu madala: ama-Democrats asungulwe ngo-1828 futhi ama-Republican asungulwe ngo-1854. Kusukela 2024 osesikhundleni sobumengameli nguDonald Trump we-Republican Party.

=== Ezokuvikela ===
[[File:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) underway in the Atlantic Ocean on 9 October 2022 (221009-N-TL968-1248).JPG|thumb|Isithwalandiza Gerald R. Ford, umkhumbi wezempi ondlula yonke imikhumbi yempi emhlabeni wonke]]
Amabutho Ahlomileyo ase-Melika (United States Armed Forces) andlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni ngamandla. Inezindleko eziyizigidintathu ezi-1.15$ ezindlula izizwe ezingamashumi amabili ezilandelayo zihlangene. iMelika inezikhali zenuzi eziyi-1,744. iMelika yisizwe esisodwa emlandweni womhlaba wonke oqumise izikhali zenuzi esizweni esinye ngesikhathi sempi ngo-1945 emadolobheni wase-Nagasaki nase-Hiroshima e-Japan. iMelika ikhona ukuciba izikhali zenuzi ngamagatsha amathathu: obhakabhakeni, olwandleni nasemhlabeni. iMelika inemikhumbi yempi eyi-292. Futhi inemikhumbi izithwalandiza zenuzi ezi-11 nemikhumbi yangaphansi kwamanzi ehamba ngenuzi eyi-68, isibalo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika ikhanda izikhali ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Futhi izinga lobucwepheshe ekukhandweni kwezikhali kuholela ekutheni iMelika ikhanda izinhlobo zezikhali nempahla yempi esebenze emkhathini, ebhakabhakeni, emhlabeni naselwandleni. iMelika ithekelisa izikhali eziletha intelo eyizigidigidi eziyi-13.512$ (indlula izizwe zonke kangangokuthi iqoqa 43% yentelo yazonke izikhali ezikhandwa emhlabeni wonke).
[[File:The Pentagon, Headquarters of the US Department of Defense (cropped2).jpg|thumb|i-Pentagon, isakhiwo sohlelo lwenxanhlanu, isihlalo soMnyango wezeMpi]]
Umkhuzi jikelele waseMelika nguMengameli. i-Joint Chiefs of Staff, ingumkhandlu wabakhuzi abaphakeme bamagatsha wamabutho ahlomileyo. Lomkhandlu uboniselana nohulumeni futhi obhekane nezindaba zezinsuku zamabutho. Umnyango weMpi (owawuwaziwa Umyango wezokuVikela) uqhasha abasebenzi namajoni onke. Ngokuqhasha abantu abandlula izingidi eziyintathu, Umnyango wezokuVikela ungumqhashi omkhulu ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. iMelika inezinkambi zamabutho ezi-800 ezizweni eziyi-80. Futhi iMelika inezikambu zamabuthi zangaphesheya ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni zinhlangene ngobuningi.

=== Ezobundlelwanenezizwe ===
[[File:Midtown Manhattan Skyline 004 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isihlalo senhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene, eDolobheni laseNew York]]
iMelika inobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-190. iMelika inezitha zokuqala nezizwe zase-Iran, iNyakatho Khoriya, iSiriya, [[iRashiya]], iKhiyubha, ne-[[IShayina|Shayina]]. iMelika iyilunga lisungula lezinhlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, kakhulu: [[IZizwe Ezihlangene]], Inhlangano Yomvumelwano yaseNyakatho Atlantiki, i-G7, Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlabawonke, iBhange Yomhlaba, Isikhwama Sezizwezonke, Inhlangano Yokusebenzisana Ngokomnotho neNtuthuko, Inhlangano Yezizwezonke Yesidlakalasi Sochwe. iMelika iyilunga ehlala unomphela yoMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa. iMelika inethonya ethambile neqinile endlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Isebenzisa amasiko nobuciko ukuheha izizwe nomnotho namabutho ukuphoqelela intando yayo.

iMelika iqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekile emanzini olwandle avulekele izizwezonke. Ngokuba iMelika yayihlasele izizwe eziningi emlandweni wayo (isib. iVietnam, iLaos, iKhambodiya, i-Iraq, iLibhiya, i-Afghanistani, iPhanama) futhi imenule imibuso eminingi kakhulu eShiya naseNingizimu Melika (isib. i-Iran, iKhiyubha, iGwatemala, iTshile, iBrazili), futhi ihlome isivinjelo esizweni sase-Khiyubha nokuthi ivalele izizwe ezingi ngaphandle kwemikhakha eminingi ohwebeni nasomnothweni emhlaba (''sanctions''), iMelika igxekwa ezinye izizwe nezakhamuzi zayo. Futhi, ngokuba iMelika izisalelisile ngaphandle kweNkantolo Yezizwezonke Yobugebenu, amacala eminingi wezakhamuzi nabaholi bayo ababandakanyeke ebuxhaphazweni kamalungelo abantu abashushiwa futhi abajeziswa ngendlela izizwe ezimpofu kakhulu zase-Afrika ziphathwa ngayo. Emuva kokuphela kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlabawonke, iMelika iphakamise ukuzimela kwezizwe, ukuhweba nezinye izizwe nokwanda kwentandoyeningi, nohlelo lobudlelwane ezizwe olusekelwe ngumthetho. Kepha ngenxa yezigameko ezifana nokuxhasa ababusi abacindezela izakhamuzi zayo, leziziphakamiso ziyosolwa kwezinye izigaba. Nakuba kunjalo, esikhathini kokudilika kweBumbano yamaSoviyethi izizwe eziningi zithuthukile okomnotho futhi kwande intandoyeningi.

== Ezomnotho ==
[[File:View of Empire State Building from Rockefeller Center New York City dllu (cropped).jpg|thumb|Umumodolobha wase iManhattan, inxenye ledolobha lase-New York, idolobha elindlula wonke amadolobha ngomkhiqizo]]
iMelika inomnotho osezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. iMelika inomkhiqizo ohlangene wonyaka oyizigidintathu ezi-29.18$. Ngobusobala umkhiqizo okomnotho waseMelika undlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Kepha, makuqhathaniswa amandla okuthenga ngaphakathi kwezizwe, iMelika indlulwa iShayina. iMelika inokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu wezi-$ 89,860. Ngaphandle kwezizwe ezincane, iMelika indlula izizwe zonke ngokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu. iMali yaseMelika, iDola (USD) isetshenziswa ohwebeni nomthengiselwano ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni (80% yemithengiselwano ngaphankathi kwezizwe ihamba ngamaDola). 

Uhlelo lezomnotho laseMelika kuhamba ngokuhweba okukhululekile olunemikhawulo emincane. Futhi, kukholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele bazimele emikhakheni eminingi yempilo. Ngakho ke, eMelika kuvunyelwa ukuthi abaqhashi baxoshe abasebenzi kalula, izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqeleli imivikelo yamalungelo wabasebenzi ngendlela eqhathaniseka nabalingani be-Melika ngokuthuthuka kakhulu e-Yurophu. Nakuba mayilinganiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ayibizeli intelo eningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi iMelika ayineza imivikelo yomphakathi efana nezintanga zayo eziningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi nakuba kukhona izinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicare ne-Social Security, abantu kufanele bathembele ekongeni kwemali nokuzitshaleli umholo wabo emapenshinini (isib. i-401K). Iningi labasebenzi baseMelika abekho emibumbanweni yabasebenzi. Izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqi ukuthi abasebenzi banikezwe izinsuku zekhefu (isib. ikhefu nxakubeletha) ngaphandle kampelasonto namaholide. Nakuba ubugqili bungasavumelekile, iziboshwa zingaphoqelelwa ukusebenza njengesijeziso sokugwetshelwa icala.

iMelika inemikhakha yomnotho eminingi. iMelika inothile ngomhlaba  kakhulu ngoba ikhiqiza amafutha andlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Futhi iMelika ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wegolide, usokhele, insimbi, izenke nomophobo. iMelika inobuningi bomhlaba ovundile ondlula izizwe zonke, ngakho ikhiqiza izitshalelwa ezindlula izizwe zonke mazihlangene, kakhulu amaqobolondo wesoya (amabhontshisi wesoya), izihlamvu zamafutha, izintelo, umbila, ukolweni, imifino, ubisi nemikhiqizo yawo, nenyama. 

iMelika inomkhakha wamasevisi ondlula izizwe zonke. Inamankampani wobucwepeshe amakhulu kakhulu abizwa Isikhombisa Esiyisimangaliso: Meta (Facebook), Alphabet (Google, YouTube), Amazon, Nvidia, Microsoft, Apple, ne-Tesla. iMelika inomkhakha wezokuphathamali ondlula izizwe zonke. Amabhange amakhulu yilawa: JP Morgan Chase, Goldman-Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup kanye neWells Fargo. Futhi, iMelika inezinkampani ezimbili ezilekela ukuthengiselwana ngobusimanje manje kakhulu amakhasi: Visa ne-Mastercard. iMelika inomkhakha ezobungcebeleka ondlula izizwe zonke. Kakhulu umkhakha wamafilimu eMelika, ominyenwe eHollywood, inxenye yedolobha iLos Angeles, indlula izizwe zonke zomhlaba ngomholo. Futhi iphethe izinkampani ezinkulu kulomkhakha: Disney, Netflix, Comcast, kanye ne-Paramount (kakhulu ngokuthenga i-Warner Bros. Discovery). iMelika ikhande abosomgidigidi abandlula izizwe zonke: 989 futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibumbe usomgidintathu wokuqala emlwandweni womhlaba wonke: u-Elon Musk.

iMelika ifeze lokuthuthuka nokubuso omnothweni ngenxa yezinsiza ezimbalwa: ukunotha komhlaba, izikhungo eziqinile, inani yabantu efunde ezingeni eliphezulu, ukunqoba izifo eziningi ezibhubhisa abasha, uhwebo okhululekile, nokuqamba izinguxa ezintsha sha ezimqoka esimanjemanjeni, namandla empi okuphoqelela izinhloso zayo. iMelika iqambe kokuqala lezizinguxa nezinhlelo zobucwepesha: [[uxhakaxholo]], [[IsiCikizi|isicikizi]], isikhanyiso [[amazuba|sombani]], [[iNdiza|indiza]], izubela lesiphemba, futhi [[isikhali senuzi]]. iMelika inesimo sezingqalasizinda esithuthuke kakhulu: uhleloxhumano lwemigwaqo okushesha olundlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni, izitheku zempahla kakhulu zase-New York nase-Los Angeles, inani lezikhululo zezindiza ezindlula izizwe zonke isib., i-Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, i-Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, ne-O'Hare International Airport. iMelika inezinkampani zezindiza ezinethonya kakhulu isib. Delta, American, Southwest ne-United.

Umbani waseMelika uqhamuka emithombini embalwa: izivuthisi zentshicwa (isib. amalahle namafutha, amamoya emvelo 82%), amandla avuselelekayo (isib. ilanga, umoya, amanzi 10%), amandla enuzi (8%).</text>
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      <text bytes="20823" sha1="mc6nw0y0tr1jck6x5m6obkqtkoccsy2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe|igama=iMelika|igama_ivamile=America|igama_ikhulu=United States of America|ifulegi=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|image_coat=Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|isaga_wesizwe=&quot;Sithemba kuNkulunkulu&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''In God We Trust''&quot; (isiNgisi)&lt;br&gt; &quot;Ebuningini, munye&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''E pluribus unum''&quot; (isiLatini)|inkondlo_wesizwe=Isibhengezo Esifafazwe Ngezinkanyezi&lt;br&gt;''Star Spangled Banner'' (isiNgisi)|inhlokodolobha=Washington DC|izilimi=[[IsiNgisi]]|idolobha_elikhulu=[[New York]]|ibalazwe=USA orthographic.svg|abantu=Ummelika, Amamelika|ubukhulu_km2=9833520|iphesenti_lamanzi=7%|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa=341,784,857|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka=2025|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma=lwesithathu|ixuku_labantu_km2=97.4|ixuku_labantu_ukuma=lwesi-180|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Umbusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi yokhetho nomengameli okhethwa ngabantu nqo ongaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=Umengameli|umongameli_igama1=[[Donald Trump]]|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isekela likaMengameli|umongameli_igama2=J.D. Vance|umongameli_isithakazo3=Umehluleli Omkhulu|umongameli_igama3=John Roberts|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Isimemezo sobuzimela|usuku_isehlakalo1=4 kaNhlangulana 1776|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Umfelandawonye|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaNdasa 1781|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Umthethosisekelo|usuku_isehlakalo3=4 kaNdasa 1789|imali=iDola laseMelika (USD/$)}}

[[iMelika]] (ngokomthetho: Izifundazwe Ezibumbene zaseMelika; [[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United States of America'', ngokumfushane: ''America'') liyisizwe onyakathweni lwelizwekazini elithatha igama layo kuyona: iNyakatho Melika. Izungezwe [[iKhanada]] ngasenyakatho (umgcele omude ukundlula imigcele yonke emhlabeni engavikelwanga), iLwandle lase-Atlantiki ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Mekisiko (isingeniso seLwandle lase-Karibi kusukela 2024, [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]] uguqule leligama kuLwandle lase-Melika)  ngaseningizimu mpumalanga, [[iMekisiko]] ngaseningizimu neLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngasentshonalanga. Isifundazwe sase-Alaska (esindlula izifundazwe zonke zeMelika ngobungakho bendawo) lisenyakatho ntshonalanga leNyakatho Melika. Sizungezwe iKhanada ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngaseningizimu, iLwandle lase-Arctic ngasenyakatho, neRashiya entshonalanga ngaphesheya komcingo wase-Beringi. Isifundazwe sase-Hawaii siselwandleni Pasifiki kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezingaphansi kwaseMelika iGuam, iSamowa yase-Melika, Iziqhingi zaseNyakatho Mariana. eLwandleni lase-Karibi, kuneziqhingi ezingaphansi kweMelika: i-Puerto Rico nama-American Virgin Islands.

== Ezombusazwe ==
[[File:Constitution of the United States, page 1.jpg|thumb|Ikhasi lokuqala lomthethosisekelo yaseMelika]]
iMelika ibuswa ngohlelokubusa okuhamba ngombusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi ongaphansi komthethosisekelo. Uhlelokulawula wase-Melika uyisibonelo esithonye umumo wezinhlelo zokulawula zezinye izizwe emhlabeni. Uhlelo lwezombusazwe waseMelika wakhiwe esisekelweni sentandoyeningi yase-Bhulithani kepha ifulathela ubukhosi balesosizwe.  Umthethosisekelo olungene emthethweni ngo-21 kaNdasa 1789. Nakuba umthethosisekelo uguqulwe kayi-27, umumo kahulumeni kazwelonke usafana nasikhathi usungulwa ngayo:

* Isishayamthetho: i-Congress enezindluzimbili: i-Senate (indlu yangaphezulu emele izifundazwe ngokulingana) nesiGunga yabaMelisizwe (indlu yangaphansi emelwe abantu besisizwe sonke)
* Sokuphatha: Umengameli okhethwe iNhlangano Yokhetho (i-Electoral College) oqoka abonqgongqoshe abangamalunga weKhabinethi
* Sobulungiswa: iNkantolo ePhakeme nezinkantolo ezihlukene zikazwelonke.

Amandla okubusa ahletshulelwane ngaphakathi kwezifundazwe nohulumeni kazwelonke. Izifundazwe zinamandla okuziphathi kuyonke imikhakha engagcinelwangwa uhulumeni kazwelonke. Nakuba, izifundazwe zinemithethosisekelo zabo, Umthethosisekelo uphezu kwayo yonke. Futhi, umthethosisekelo uyalela ukuthi imihulumeni uezifundazwe kufanele ihambe ngohlelo wombusobala wentandoyeningi yokhetho. Uhlaka wezigatsha zintathu eziqaphelanayo, lumqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ahletshulwe ngendlela ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kubuswa ngentandoyeningi. Isikhathi eside somlando weMelika yesimanje, abansundu abathunjwe e-Afrika abayizigqili, babenganawo ubuzakhamuzi. Emuva kweMpi Yezakhamuzi YaseMelika (eqalwe ngenxa yokuphikisana ngaphakathi kwezihlongithi zezifundazwe zaseNyakatho nohulumeni kazwelonke nehlangothi lezifundazwe zaseningizimu mayelana amalungelo ezifundazwe kakhulu okuziqumela mayelana ubugqili), abansundu banikezwe ubuzakhamuzi. Ngephoxeko, bekunobandlululo kubansundu. Lomnqubongongomo wemithetho ka-Jim Crow nesikhathi sokwakhakabusha (i-Reconstruction) uholele ekungalinganini ngaphakhathi kwezihlanga zabamhlophe nabansundu. Ngezi-1960, abansundu banikezwe amalungelo alinganayo nabamhlophe kepha kusanobungalingani obungekho nqo emthethweni kodwa obusalele ngenxa yemikhulu yeminyaka yokucindezelwa nokuvalelwa ngaphandle komnotho kwabansundu.
[[File:Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg|thumb|Isithombe esisemthethweni sikaMengameli uDonald Trump kusukela 2025]]
Umengameli uyinhloko yesizwe, unhloko yegatsha lokuphatha nomkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo. Umengameli ukhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka emine. Kuvumelike ngokomthetho ukuthi ahlale akhethwe ukuhlala ebunkundleni kabili kuphela. Makundlula iminyaka eyine, izakhamuzi ezikhulileyo zikhetha abameli bezinhlangano ukuthi bakhethe umenganeli njengamalunga yeNhlangano Yokhetho. Izifundazwe zihletshulelwane izihlalo kulomhlangano ngobukhulu benani labahlali. Kepha loluhlelo lubunjwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifundazwe ezinganabantu abaningi ukuthi bathole izihlalo. Lokho kuzinikeza ithonya elindlula ubukhulu benani lazo. Nakuba amalunga alomhlangano avumelelike ukukhetha namuni, isiko siphoqela ukuthi bakhetha ikhandidethi yeqembu elikhethwe iningi lenani labahlali besifunda abasimeleyo. 

Umengameli ungena esikhundleni ngo-20 kaMasingane konyaka ngasemuva kokuphela kobukhundla komengameli ophumayo. Umengameli unegunya lokuqoka abongqongqoshe ngemvumo ye-Senate. Umengameli unamandla okulawula nokukhuza igatsha lokuphatha ngoba amandla okuphoqelela omthetho asezandleni zakhe. Lomsebenzi uwenza ngokusayina imiyalelo yokuphatha (executive orders). Kepha, lamandla akhawulwa umthetho oshayiwe i-Congress nezinqumo zegatsha lobulungiswa. Nakubo kunemikhawulo, uMengameli oneningi lamalunga weqembu lezombangazwe efana neyakhe ezindlini zimbili ze-Congress, unethonya lokungenisa imithetho ehambelana nezinhloso zomkhankaso akhe. Ngohamba kwesikhathi uMengameli ugodle amandla andayo, isibonelo: ukuthuma amajoni ezizweni zangaphandle nakuba i-Congress ingaka memezi impi kulesosizwe. 
[[File:United States Capitol west front edit2.jpg|thumb|Isakhiwo Capitol, isihlalo sesishayamthetho saseMelika]]
i-Congress iyisishayamthetho saseMelika. Indlu yangaphezulu, i-Senate inamalunga ayi-100. Izifundazwe zonke zinekwa amalunga amabili kuphela. Lamalunga amela iqembu lezombangazwe ethile. Futhi akhethwa izakhamuzi. Kuthethwa ihafu yamalunga e-Senate emuva kweminyaka eyintathu. Amalunga e-Senate ahlala iminyaka emibili esikhundleni kepha kuvumelekile ukuthi akhethwe kaningi; akunamkhawulo isibalo sezikhathi amalunga e-Senate angakhethwa ngayo. i-Senate inemandla okunquma imivumelwano nezinye izizwe ukuthi zibe inxenye yomthetho jikelele waseMelika. I-Senate inamandla okugweba Umengameli icala ukumkhipha esikhundlweni. Nakuba imigqubo nophenyo yayiqalwa, aboMengameli abandlule kulomcimbi baphunyuke ngokwehla esikhundleni (uRonald Reagan) noma ukungabikho kweningi lamalunga ukuthi axhase ukuxoshwa kaMengameli (isibonelo: uDonald Trump). 

iGunga yabaMelibezwe (i-House of Representatives), ikhethwa izakhamuzi. Amaqembu ezombangazwe anikezwa izihlalo ezilingana nezifunda zokhetho lapho athola iningi lamavoti khona. Imithetho wentelo nezimali kufanelwe ingeniswr futhi ivunyelwe iGunga yabaMelibezwe. Iningi yemithetho kufanelwe ivunyelwe lezizindlu zimbili. Ngokungafani nezinye izizwe, iMelika inamaqembu ezombangazwe ezimbili kuphela: i-Democratic Party ne-Republican Party. Futhi, lamaqembu madala: ama-Democrats asungulwe ngo-1828 futhi ama-Republican asungulwe ngo-1854. Kusukela 2024 osesikhundleni sobumengameli nguDonald Trump we-Republican Party.

=== Ezokuvikela ===
[[File:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) underway in the Atlantic Ocean on 9 October 2022 (221009-N-TL968-1248).JPG|thumb|Isithwalandiza Gerald R. Ford, umkhumbi wezempi ondlula yonke imikhumbi yempi emhlabeni wonke]]
Amabutho Ahlomileyo ase-Melika (United States Armed Forces) andlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni ngamandla. Inezindleko eziyizigidintathu ezi-1.15$ ezindlula izizwe ezingamashumi amabili ezilandelayo zihlangene. iMelika inezikhali zenuzi eziyi-1,744. iMelika yisizwe esisodwa emlandweni womhlaba wonke oqumise izikhali zenuzi esizweni esinye ngesikhathi sempi ngo-1945 emadolobheni wase-Nagasaki nase-Hiroshima e-Japan. iMelika ikhona ukuciba izikhali zenuzi ngamagatsha amathathu: obhakabhakeni, olwandleni nasemhlabeni. iMelika inemikhumbi yempi eyi-292. Futhi inemikhumbi izithwalandiza zenuzi ezi-11 nemikhumbi yangaphansi kwamanzi ehamba ngenuzi eyi-68, isibalo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika ikhanda izikhali ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Futhi izinga lobucwepheshe ekukhandweni kwezikhali kuholela ekutheni iMelika ikhanda izinhlobo zezikhali nempahla yempi esebenze emkhathini, ebhakabhakeni, emhlabeni naselwandleni. iMelika ithekelisa izikhali eziletha intelo eyizigidigidi eziyi-13.512$ (indlula izizwe zonke kangangokuthi iqoqa 43% yentelo yazonke izikhali ezikhandwa emhlabeni wonke).
[[File:The Pentagon, Headquarters of the US Department of Defense (cropped2).jpg|thumb|i-Pentagon, isakhiwo sohlelo lwenxanhlanu, isihlalo soMnyango wezeMpi]]
Umkhuzi jikelele waseMelika nguMengameli. i-Joint Chiefs of Staff, ingumkhandlu wabakhuzi abaphakeme bamagatsha wamabutho ahlomileyo. Lomkhandlu uboniselana nohulumeni futhi obhekane nezindaba zezinsuku zamabutho. Umnyango weMpi (owawuwaziwa Umyango wezokuVikela) uqhasha abasebenzi namajoni onke. Ngokuqhasha abantu abandlula izingidi eziyintathu, Umnyango wezokuVikela ungumqhashi omkhulu ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. iMelika inezinkambi zamabutho ezi-800 ezizweni eziyi-80. Futhi iMelika inezikambu zamabuthi zangaphesheya ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni zinhlangene ngobuningi.

=== Ezobundlelwanenezizwe ===
[[File:Midtown Manhattan Skyline 004 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isihlalo senhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene, eDolobheni laseNew York]]
iMelika inobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-190. iMelika inezitha zokuqala nezizwe zase-Iran, iNyakatho Khoriya, iSiriya, [[iRashiya]], iKhiyubha, ne-[[IShayina|Shayina]]. iMelika iyilunga lisungula lezinhlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, kakhulu: [[IZizwe Ezihlangene]], Inhlangano Yomvumelwano yaseNyakatho Atlantiki, i-G7, Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlabawonke, iBhange Yomhlaba, Isikhwama Sezizwezonke, Inhlangano Yokusebenzisana Ngokomnotho neNtuthuko, Inhlangano Yezizwezonke Yesidlakalasi Sochwe. iMelika iyilunga ehlala unomphela yoMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa. iMelika inethonya ethambile neqinile endlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Isebenzisa amasiko nobuciko ukuheha izizwe nomnotho namabutho ukuphoqelela intando yayo.

iMelika iqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekile emanzini olwandle avulekele izizwezonke. Ngokuba iMelika yayihlasele izizwe eziningi emlandweni wayo (isib. iVietnam, iLaos, iKhambodiya, i-Iraq, iLibhiya, i-Afghanistani, iPhanama) futhi imenule imibuso eminingi kakhulu eShiya naseNingizimu Melika (isib. i-Iran, iKhiyubha, iGwatemala, iTshile, iBrazili), futhi ihlome isivinjelo esizweni sase-Khiyubha nokuthi ivalele izizwe ezingi ngaphandle kwemikhakha eminingi ohwebeni nasomnothweni emhlaba (''sanctions''), iMelika igxekwa ezinye izizwe nezakhamuzi zayo. Futhi, ngokuba iMelika izisalelisile ngaphandle kweNkantolo Yezizwezonke Yobugebenu, amacala eminingi wezakhamuzi nabaholi bayo ababandakanyeke ebuxhaphazweni kamalungelo abantu abashushiwa futhi abajeziswa ngendlela izizwe ezimpofu kakhulu zase-Afrika ziphathwa ngayo. Emuva kokuphela kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlabawonke, iMelika iphakamise ukuzimela kwezizwe, ukuhweba nezinye izizwe nokwanda kwentandoyeningi, nohlelo lobudlelwane ezizwe olusekelwe ngumthetho. Kepha ngenxa yezigameko ezifana nokuxhasa ababusi abacindezela izakhamuzi zayo, leziziphakamiso ziyosolwa kwezinye izigaba. Nakuba kunjalo, esikhathini kokudilika kweBumbano yamaSoviyethi izizwe eziningi zithuthukile okomnotho futhi kwande intandoyeningi.

== Ezomnotho ==
[[File:View of Empire State Building from Rockefeller Center New York City dllu (cropped).jpg|thumb|Umumodolobha wase iManhattan, inxenye ledolobha lase-New York, idolobha elindlula wonke amadolobha ngomkhiqizo]]
iMelika inomnotho osezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. iMelika inomkhiqizo ohlangene wonyaka oyizigidintathu ezi-29.18$. Ngobusobala umkhiqizo okomnotho waseMelika undlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Kepha, makuqhathaniswa amandla okuthenga ngaphakathi kwezizwe, iMelika indlulwa iShayina. iMelika inokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu wezi-$ 89,860. Ngaphandle kwezizwe ezincane, iMelika indlula izizwe zonke ngokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu. iMali yaseMelika, iDola (USD) isetshenziswa ohwebeni nomthengiselwano ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni (80% yemithengiselwano ngaphankathi kwezizwe ihamba ngamaDola). 

Uhlelo lezomnotho laseMelika kuhamba ngokuhweba okukhululekile olunemikhawulo emincane. Futhi, kukholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele bazimele emikhakheni eminingi yempilo. Ngakho ke, eMelika kuvunyelwa ukuthi abaqhashi baxoshe abasebenzi kalula, izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqeleli imivikelo yamalungelo wabasebenzi ngendlela eqhathaniseka nabalingani be-Melika ngokuthuthuka kakhulu e-Yurophu. Nakuba mayilinganiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ayibizeli intelo eningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi iMelika ayineza imivikelo yomphakathi efana nezintanga zayo eziningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi nakuba kukhona izinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicare ne-Social Security, abantu kufanele bathembele ekongeni kwemali nokuzitshaleli umholo wabo emapenshinini (isib. i-401K). Iningi labasebenzi baseMelika abekho emibumbanweni yabasebenzi. Izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqi ukuthi abasebenzi banikezwe izinsuku zekhefu (isib. ikhefu nxakubeletha) ngaphandle kampelasonto namaholide. Nakuba ubugqili bungasavumelekile, iziboshwa zingaphoqelelwa ukusebenza njengesijeziso sokugwetshelwa icala.

iMelika inemikhakha yomnotho eminingi. iMelika inothile ngomhlaba  kakhulu ngoba ikhiqiza amafutha andlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Futhi iMelika ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wegolide, usokhele, insimbi, izenke nomophobo. iMelika inobuningi bomhlaba ovundile ondlula izizwe zonke, ngakho ikhiqiza izitshalelwa ezindlula izizwe zonke mazihlangene, kakhulu amaqobolondo wesoya (amabhontshisi wesoya), izihlamvu zamafutha, izintelo, umbila, ukolweni, imifino, ubisi nemikhiqizo yawo, nenyama. 

iMelika inomkhakha wamasevisi ondlula izizwe zonke. Inamankampani wobucwepeshe amakhulu kakhulu abizwa Isikhombisa Esiyisimangaliso: Meta (Facebook), Alphabet (Google, YouTube), Amazon, Nvidia, Microsoft, Apple, ne-Tesla. iMelika inomkhakha wezokuphathamali ondlula izizwe zonke. Amabhange amakhulu yilawa: JP Morgan Chase, Goldman-Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup kanye neWells Fargo. Futhi, iMelika inezinkampani ezimbili ezilekela ukuthengiselwana ngobusimanje manje kakhulu amakhasi: Visa ne-Mastercard. iMelika inomkhakha ezobungcebeleka ondlula izizwe zonke. Kakhulu umkhakha wamafilimu eMelika, ominyenwe eHollywood, inxenye yedolobha iLos Angeles, indlula izizwe zonke zomhlaba ngomholo. Futhi iphethe izinkampani ezinkulu kulomkhakha: Disney, Netflix, Comcast, kanye ne-Paramount (kakhulu ngokuthenga i-Warner Bros. Discovery). iMelika ikhande abosomgidigidi abandlula izizwe zonke: 989 futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibumbe usomgidintathu wokuqala emlwandweni womhlaba wonke: u-Elon Musk.

iMelika ifeze lokuthuthuka nokubuso omnothweni ngenxa yezinsiza ezimbalwa: ukunotha komhlaba, izikhungo eziqinile, inani yabantu efunde ezingeni eliphezulu, ukunqoba izifo eziningi ezibhubhisa abasha, uhwebo okhululekile, nokuqamba izinguxa ezintsha sha ezimqoka esimanjemanjeni, namandla empi okuphoqelela izinhloso zayo. iMelika iqambe kokuqala lezizinguxa nezinhlelo zobucwepesha: [[uxhakaxholo]], [[IsiCikizi|isicikizi]], isikhanyiso [[amazuba|sombani]], [[iNdiza|indiza]], izubela lesiphemba, futhi [[isikhali senuzi]]. iMelika inesimo sezingqalasizinda esithuthuke kakhulu: uhleloxhumano lwemigwaqo okushesha olundlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni, izitheku zempahla kakhulu zase-New York nase-Los Angeles, inani lezikhululo zezindiza ezindlula izizwe zonke isib., i-Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, i-Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, ne-O'Hare International Airport. iMelika inezinkampani zezindiza ezinethonya kakhulu isib. Delta, American, Southwest ne-United.

Umbani waseMelika uqhamuka emithombini embalwa: izivuthisi zentshicwa (isib. amalahle namafutha, amamoya emvelo 82%), amandla avuselelekayo (isib. ilanga, umoya, amanzi 10%), amandla enuzi (8%).
==Ezezibalozabantu==
iMelika inenani labantu elindlula izigidi eziyi-386, elesithathu emhlabeni ngasemuva kwe [[iNdiya]] kanye [[iShayina]]. Ngenxa yobukhulu bobungakho bendawo ayinabo ubuminywana kwabantu obuningi. Kepha, lokhu kufihla ukuthi iningi labalihlali lihlala emadolobheni: 83% yabantu. Amadolobha amakhulu: i-New York, [[Chicago]], Los Angeles, [[Miami, Florida|Miami]], Houston, Dallas, Philadelphia, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]], Atlanta nase-Boston. Izifundazwe ezinenani labahlali ziyi: [[California]], [[Texas]], New York, [[Florida]], [[Pennsylvania]], kanye ne-Illinois. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Amadolobha amakhulu aseMelika
|-
!#
!Igama
!Indawo
!Inani
|-
|1
|New York
|Nyakatho-Moumalanga
|20,112,448
|-
|2
|Los Angeles
|Ntshonalanga
|12,844,441
|-
|3
|Chicago
|Mpakathi-Ntshonalanga
|9,434,123
|-
|4
|Dallas-Fort Worth
|Ningizimu
|8,477,157
|-
|5
|Houston
|Ningizimu
|7,904,627
|-
|6
|Atlanta
|Ningizimu
|6,482,182
|-
|7
|Washington D.C.
|Ningizimu
|6,465,724
|-
|8
|Miami
|Ningizimu
|6,391,072
|-
|9
|Philadelphia
|Nyakatho-Mpumalanga
|6,329,118
|-
|10
|Phoenix
|Ntshonalanga
|5,228,938
|}
Nakuba [[isiNgisi]] siwulimi likazwelonke, iMelika ayinawo ulimi okomthetho njengezinye izizwe. Nakuba kunjalo isiNgisi sikhulunywa njengelimi elincelwa ebeleni futhi ekuyilimi lodwa elikhulunywa ngabantu aba-78%. Nakuba 22% lenani labantu likhuluma eminye olimi, wonke umuntu ohlala eMelika usazi nakancane isiNgisi. Ulimi olwesibili ngenani labantu abakukhulumayo [[IsiSpeyini|isiSpaniya]] olukhulunywa kakhulu eNingizimu. Ngenxa yokwamkela abafuduki abaningi, kunezilimi eziku-400 ezikhulunywa eMelika. Ngenxa yokuthunjwa, abansundu abokhokho babo abebayizigqili balahlekelwe izilimi zabo zomdabo zase-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]. Nakuba kunjalo, abansundu baseMelika baqambe inhlobo yesiNgisi esihlukile kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Futhi, kunabakhuluma izinhlobo zesiSpaniya nesiFulentshi ezithintwe izilimi zase-Afrika. Abantu bomdabu baseMelika banciphe ngenani kangangokuthi bambalwa abasele ngenxa yokuhlalselwa, ukucindezelwa, ukubulawa nokuthelelewa amagcinwane nezifo zase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] ngabamhlophe. Kungakho nakuba imvelaphi yabo iseMelika, bambalwa ababomdabu abasele. Kukhona abagcinile amasiko nezilimi zabo kakhulu isiNavajo. Futhi, kunemikhankaso okulondoloza nokudlondlobalisa izilimi zomdabu. 

iMelika yakhiwe esisekelweni sobandlululo okwehlanga. Ngenxa yalokhu kunokuhlukaniswa ngokwehlanga okuqinile. Lokho luholela ekutheni kubezinhlanga ezimbalwa: abamhlophe (abaqhamuka eYurophu kakhulu [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eBhulithani]] [[iJalimani|naseJalimani]]; 60%), abansundu (kakhulu abaqhamuka eNtshonalanga Afrika; 12%), amaSpaniya noma amaLathini (18%), [[I-Eshiya|nabase-Eshiya]] (5%). Izigidi ezi-48 zabantu zibuya ezizweni zangaphandle (14% yabantu).
[[File:US Population pyramid 2026.png|thumb|Ipilamidi yabantu ekhombisa inani yezigaba zabantu ngobudala nagobulili]]
Ngenxa yemfundo, ukuzimela okwemali, umncintisano ezemfundo nomsebenzi, izinsiza zokuvimba ukumitha, nokhululeka ekuzinqumeleni kwabesifazane, ukuzalwa kwabantu kuyancipha: kusukela u-2026 ngakujwayelekile owesifazane uzala abantwana abayi-1.62 (11 yamasana azalwayo kwenkulungwaneni yabantu). Lokhu kuthusa osozibalozabantu abaxwayisa ukuthi abasha baseMelika bazothwala kanzima ukunakekela abadala nokukhokha intelo enele ukuxhasa abadala. iMelika inconywana ukundlula ezinye ezizwe ezithuthukile ngoba unobukhono okuheha abafuduki. Kepha ucwaningo ukhombisa ukuthi umkhuba okuzala kwabafuduki ugcina ufana nezakhamuzi ezizelwe. iMelika ivuma ukuthi nayiphi ingane ezalwe eMelika ithola ubuzakhamuzi (ngaphandle kwaleyo ezalwe inxusa yesisinye esizwe). Kubikezelwa ukuthi lesimo sizobanga ukuncipha kwenani labantu kuqala ngo-2056.</text>
      <sha1>mc6nw0y0tr1jck6x5m6obkqtkoccsy2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122010</id>
      <parentid>122009</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T21:22:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umzabalazi</username>
        <id>25813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ezezibalozabantu */</comment>
      <origin>122010</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21857" sha1="hdwoaz2vgy79q43oqtl3v5r4esx2j0l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe|igama=iMelika|igama_ivamile=America|igama_ikhulu=United States of America|ifulegi=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|image_coat=Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|isaga_wesizwe=&quot;Sithemba kuNkulunkulu&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''In God We Trust''&quot; (isiNgisi)&lt;br&gt; &quot;Ebuningini, munye&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''E pluribus unum''&quot; (isiLatini)|inkondlo_wesizwe=Isibhengezo Esifafazwe Ngezinkanyezi&lt;br&gt;''Star Spangled Banner'' (isiNgisi)|inhlokodolobha=Washington DC|izilimi=[[IsiNgisi]]|idolobha_elikhulu=[[New York]]|ibalazwe=USA orthographic.svg|abantu=Ummelika, Amamelika|ubukhulu_km2=9833520|iphesenti_lamanzi=7%|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa=341,784,857|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka=2025|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma=lwesithathu|ixuku_labantu_km2=97.4|ixuku_labantu_ukuma=lwesi-180|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Umbusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi yokhetho nomengameli okhethwa ngabantu nqo ongaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=Umengameli|umongameli_igama1=[[Donald Trump]]|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isekela likaMengameli|umongameli_igama2=J.D. Vance|umongameli_isithakazo3=Umehluleli Omkhulu|umongameli_igama3=John Roberts|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Isimemezo sobuzimela|usuku_isehlakalo1=4 kaNhlangulana 1776|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Umfelandawonye|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaNdasa 1781|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Umthethosisekelo|usuku_isehlakalo3=4 kaNdasa 1789|imali=iDola laseMelika (USD/$)}}

[[iMelika]] (ngokomthetho: Izifundazwe Ezibumbene zaseMelika; [[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United States of America'', ngokumfushane: ''America'') liyisizwe onyakathweni lwelizwekazini elithatha igama layo kuyona: iNyakatho Melika. Izungezwe [[iKhanada]] ngasenyakatho (umgcele omude ukundlula imigcele yonke emhlabeni engavikelwanga), iLwandle lase-Atlantiki ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Mekisiko (isingeniso seLwandle lase-Karibi kusukela 2024, [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]] uguqule leligama kuLwandle lase-Melika)  ngaseningizimu mpumalanga, [[iMekisiko]] ngaseningizimu neLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngasentshonalanga. Isifundazwe sase-Alaska (esindlula izifundazwe zonke zeMelika ngobungakho bendawo) lisenyakatho ntshonalanga leNyakatho Melika. Sizungezwe iKhanada ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngaseningizimu, iLwandle lase-Arctic ngasenyakatho, neRashiya entshonalanga ngaphesheya komcingo wase-Beringi. Isifundazwe sase-Hawaii siselwandleni Pasifiki kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezingaphansi kwaseMelika iGuam, iSamowa yase-Melika, Iziqhingi zaseNyakatho Mariana. eLwandleni lase-Karibi, kuneziqhingi ezingaphansi kweMelika: i-Puerto Rico nama-American Virgin Islands.

== Ezombusazwe ==
[[File:Constitution of the United States, page 1.jpg|thumb|Ikhasi lokuqala lomthethosisekelo yaseMelika]]
iMelika ibuswa ngohlelokubusa okuhamba ngombusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi ongaphansi komthethosisekelo. Uhlelokulawula wase-Melika uyisibonelo esithonye umumo wezinhlelo zokulawula zezinye izizwe emhlabeni. Uhlelo lwezombusazwe waseMelika wakhiwe esisekelweni sentandoyeningi yase-Bhulithani kepha ifulathela ubukhosi balesosizwe.  Umthethosisekelo olungene emthethweni ngo-21 kaNdasa 1789. Nakuba umthethosisekelo uguqulwe kayi-27, umumo kahulumeni kazwelonke usafana nasikhathi usungulwa ngayo:

* Isishayamthetho: i-Congress enezindluzimbili: i-Senate (indlu yangaphezulu emele izifundazwe ngokulingana) nesiGunga yabaMelisizwe (indlu yangaphansi emelwe abantu besisizwe sonke)
* Sokuphatha: Umengameli okhethwe iNhlangano Yokhetho (i-Electoral College) oqoka abonqgongqoshe abangamalunga weKhabinethi
* Sobulungiswa: iNkantolo ePhakeme nezinkantolo ezihlukene zikazwelonke.

Amandla okubusa ahletshulelwane ngaphakathi kwezifundazwe nohulumeni kazwelonke. Izifundazwe zinamandla okuziphathi kuyonke imikhakha engagcinelwangwa uhulumeni kazwelonke. Nakuba, izifundazwe zinemithethosisekelo zabo, Umthethosisekelo uphezu kwayo yonke. Futhi, umthethosisekelo uyalela ukuthi imihulumeni uezifundazwe kufanele ihambe ngohlelo wombusobala wentandoyeningi yokhetho. Uhlaka wezigatsha zintathu eziqaphelanayo, lumqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ahletshulwe ngendlela ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kubuswa ngentandoyeningi. Isikhathi eside somlando weMelika yesimanje, abansundu abathunjwe e-Afrika abayizigqili, babenganawo ubuzakhamuzi. Emuva kweMpi Yezakhamuzi YaseMelika (eqalwe ngenxa yokuphikisana ngaphakathi kwezihlongithi zezifundazwe zaseNyakatho nohulumeni kazwelonke nehlangothi lezifundazwe zaseningizimu mayelana amalungelo ezifundazwe kakhulu okuziqumela mayelana ubugqili), abansundu banikezwe ubuzakhamuzi. Ngephoxeko, bekunobandlululo kubansundu. Lomnqubongongomo wemithetho ka-Jim Crow nesikhathi sokwakhakabusha (i-Reconstruction) uholele ekungalinganini ngaphakhathi kwezihlanga zabamhlophe nabansundu. Ngezi-1960, abansundu banikezwe amalungelo alinganayo nabamhlophe kepha kusanobungalingani obungekho nqo emthethweni kodwa obusalele ngenxa yemikhulu yeminyaka yokucindezelwa nokuvalelwa ngaphandle komnotho kwabansundu.
[[File:Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg|thumb|Isithombe esisemthethweni sikaMengameli uDonald Trump kusukela 2025]]
Umengameli uyinhloko yesizwe, unhloko yegatsha lokuphatha nomkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo. Umengameli ukhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka emine. Kuvumelike ngokomthetho ukuthi ahlale akhethwe ukuhlala ebunkundleni kabili kuphela. Makundlula iminyaka eyine, izakhamuzi ezikhulileyo zikhetha abameli bezinhlangano ukuthi bakhethe umenganeli njengamalunga yeNhlangano Yokhetho. Izifundazwe zihletshulelwane izihlalo kulomhlangano ngobukhulu benani labahlali. Kepha loluhlelo lubunjwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifundazwe ezinganabantu abaningi ukuthi bathole izihlalo. Lokho kuzinikeza ithonya elindlula ubukhulu benani lazo. Nakuba amalunga alomhlangano avumelelike ukukhetha namuni, isiko siphoqela ukuthi bakhetha ikhandidethi yeqembu elikhethwe iningi lenani labahlali besifunda abasimeleyo. 

Umengameli ungena esikhundleni ngo-20 kaMasingane konyaka ngasemuva kokuphela kobukhundla komengameli ophumayo. Umengameli unegunya lokuqoka abongqongqoshe ngemvumo ye-Senate. Umengameli unamandla okulawula nokukhuza igatsha lokuphatha ngoba amandla okuphoqelela omthetho asezandleni zakhe. Lomsebenzi uwenza ngokusayina imiyalelo yokuphatha (executive orders). Kepha, lamandla akhawulwa umthetho oshayiwe i-Congress nezinqumo zegatsha lobulungiswa. Nakubo kunemikhawulo, uMengameli oneningi lamalunga weqembu lezombangazwe efana neyakhe ezindlini zimbili ze-Congress, unethonya lokungenisa imithetho ehambelana nezinhloso zomkhankaso akhe. Ngohamba kwesikhathi uMengameli ugodle amandla andayo, isibonelo: ukuthuma amajoni ezizweni zangaphandle nakuba i-Congress ingaka memezi impi kulesosizwe. 
[[File:United States Capitol west front edit2.jpg|thumb|Isakhiwo Capitol, isihlalo sesishayamthetho saseMelika]]
i-Congress iyisishayamthetho saseMelika. Indlu yangaphezulu, i-Senate inamalunga ayi-100. Izifundazwe zonke zinekwa amalunga amabili kuphela. Lamalunga amela iqembu lezombangazwe ethile. Futhi akhethwa izakhamuzi. Kuthethwa ihafu yamalunga e-Senate emuva kweminyaka eyintathu. Amalunga e-Senate ahlala iminyaka emibili esikhundleni kepha kuvumelekile ukuthi akhethwe kaningi; akunamkhawulo isibalo sezikhathi amalunga e-Senate angakhethwa ngayo. i-Senate inemandla okunquma imivumelwano nezinye izizwe ukuthi zibe inxenye yomthetho jikelele waseMelika. I-Senate inamandla okugweba Umengameli icala ukumkhipha esikhundlweni. Nakuba imigqubo nophenyo yayiqalwa, aboMengameli abandlule kulomcimbi baphunyuke ngokwehla esikhundleni (uRonald Reagan) noma ukungabikho kweningi lamalunga ukuthi axhase ukuxoshwa kaMengameli (isibonelo: uDonald Trump). 

iGunga yabaMelibezwe (i-House of Representatives), ikhethwa izakhamuzi. Amaqembu ezombangazwe anikezwa izihlalo ezilingana nezifunda zokhetho lapho athola iningi lamavoti khona. Imithetho wentelo nezimali kufanelwe ingeniswr futhi ivunyelwe iGunga yabaMelibezwe. Iningi yemithetho kufanelwe ivunyelwe lezizindlu zimbili. Ngokungafani nezinye izizwe, iMelika inamaqembu ezombangazwe ezimbili kuphela: i-Democratic Party ne-Republican Party. Futhi, lamaqembu madala: ama-Democrats asungulwe ngo-1828 futhi ama-Republican asungulwe ngo-1854. Kusukela 2024 osesikhundleni sobumengameli nguDonald Trump we-Republican Party.

=== Ezokuvikela ===
[[File:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) underway in the Atlantic Ocean on 9 October 2022 (221009-N-TL968-1248).JPG|thumb|Isithwalandiza Gerald R. Ford, umkhumbi wezempi ondlula yonke imikhumbi yempi emhlabeni wonke]]
Amabutho Ahlomileyo ase-Melika (United States Armed Forces) andlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni ngamandla. Inezindleko eziyizigidintathu ezi-1.15$ ezindlula izizwe ezingamashumi amabili ezilandelayo zihlangene. iMelika inezikhali zenuzi eziyi-1,744. iMelika yisizwe esisodwa emlandweni womhlaba wonke oqumise izikhali zenuzi esizweni esinye ngesikhathi sempi ngo-1945 emadolobheni wase-Nagasaki nase-Hiroshima e-Japan. iMelika ikhona ukuciba izikhali zenuzi ngamagatsha amathathu: obhakabhakeni, olwandleni nasemhlabeni. iMelika inemikhumbi yempi eyi-292. Futhi inemikhumbi izithwalandiza zenuzi ezi-11 nemikhumbi yangaphansi kwamanzi ehamba ngenuzi eyi-68, isibalo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika ikhanda izikhali ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Futhi izinga lobucwepheshe ekukhandweni kwezikhali kuholela ekutheni iMelika ikhanda izinhlobo zezikhali nempahla yempi esebenze emkhathini, ebhakabhakeni, emhlabeni naselwandleni. iMelika ithekelisa izikhali eziletha intelo eyizigidigidi eziyi-13.512$ (indlula izizwe zonke kangangokuthi iqoqa 43% yentelo yazonke izikhali ezikhandwa emhlabeni wonke).
[[File:The Pentagon, Headquarters of the US Department of Defense (cropped2).jpg|thumb|i-Pentagon, isakhiwo sohlelo lwenxanhlanu, isihlalo soMnyango wezeMpi]]
Umkhuzi jikelele waseMelika nguMengameli. i-Joint Chiefs of Staff, ingumkhandlu wabakhuzi abaphakeme bamagatsha wamabutho ahlomileyo. Lomkhandlu uboniselana nohulumeni futhi obhekane nezindaba zezinsuku zamabutho. Umnyango weMpi (owawuwaziwa Umyango wezokuVikela) uqhasha abasebenzi namajoni onke. Ngokuqhasha abantu abandlula izingidi eziyintathu, Umnyango wezokuVikela ungumqhashi omkhulu ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. iMelika inezinkambi zamabutho ezi-800 ezizweni eziyi-80. Futhi iMelika inezikambu zamabuthi zangaphesheya ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni zinhlangene ngobuningi.

=== Ezobundlelwanenezizwe ===
[[File:Midtown Manhattan Skyline 004 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isihlalo senhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene, eDolobheni laseNew York]]
iMelika inobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-190. iMelika inezitha zokuqala nezizwe zase-Iran, iNyakatho Khoriya, iSiriya, [[iRashiya]], iKhiyubha, ne-[[IShayina|Shayina]]. iMelika iyilunga lisungula lezinhlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, kakhulu: [[IZizwe Ezihlangene]], Inhlangano Yomvumelwano yaseNyakatho Atlantiki, i-G7, Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlabawonke, iBhange Yomhlaba, Isikhwama Sezizwezonke, Inhlangano Yokusebenzisana Ngokomnotho neNtuthuko, Inhlangano Yezizwezonke Yesidlakalasi Sochwe. iMelika iyilunga ehlala unomphela yoMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa. iMelika inethonya ethambile neqinile endlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Isebenzisa amasiko nobuciko ukuheha izizwe nomnotho namabutho ukuphoqelela intando yayo.

iMelika iqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekile emanzini olwandle avulekele izizwezonke. Ngokuba iMelika yayihlasele izizwe eziningi emlandweni wayo (isib. iVietnam, iLaos, iKhambodiya, i-Iraq, iLibhiya, i-Afghanistani, iPhanama) futhi imenule imibuso eminingi kakhulu eShiya naseNingizimu Melika (isib. i-Iran, iKhiyubha, iGwatemala, iTshile, iBrazili), futhi ihlome isivinjelo esizweni sase-Khiyubha nokuthi ivalele izizwe ezingi ngaphandle kwemikhakha eminingi ohwebeni nasomnothweni emhlaba (''sanctions''), iMelika igxekwa ezinye izizwe nezakhamuzi zayo. Futhi, ngokuba iMelika izisalelisile ngaphandle kweNkantolo Yezizwezonke Yobugebenu, amacala eminingi wezakhamuzi nabaholi bayo ababandakanyeke ebuxhaphazweni kamalungelo abantu abashushiwa futhi abajeziswa ngendlela izizwe ezimpofu kakhulu zase-Afrika ziphathwa ngayo. Emuva kokuphela kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlabawonke, iMelika iphakamise ukuzimela kwezizwe, ukuhweba nezinye izizwe nokwanda kwentandoyeningi, nohlelo lobudlelwane ezizwe olusekelwe ngumthetho. Kepha ngenxa yezigameko ezifana nokuxhasa ababusi abacindezela izakhamuzi zayo, leziziphakamiso ziyosolwa kwezinye izigaba. Nakuba kunjalo, esikhathini kokudilika kweBumbano yamaSoviyethi izizwe eziningi zithuthukile okomnotho futhi kwande intandoyeningi.

== Ezomnotho ==
[[File:View of Empire State Building from Rockefeller Center New York City dllu (cropped).jpg|thumb|Umumodolobha wase iManhattan, inxenye ledolobha lase-New York, idolobha elindlula wonke amadolobha ngomkhiqizo]]
iMelika inomnotho osezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. iMelika inomkhiqizo ohlangene wonyaka oyizigidintathu ezi-29.18$. Ngobusobala umkhiqizo okomnotho waseMelika undlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Kepha, makuqhathaniswa amandla okuthenga ngaphakathi kwezizwe, iMelika indlulwa iShayina. iMelika inokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu wezi-$ 89,860. Ngaphandle kwezizwe ezincane, iMelika indlula izizwe zonke ngokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu. iMali yaseMelika, iDola (USD) isetshenziswa ohwebeni nomthengiselwano ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni (80% yemithengiselwano ngaphankathi kwezizwe ihamba ngamaDola). 

Uhlelo lezomnotho laseMelika kuhamba ngokuhweba okukhululekile olunemikhawulo emincane. Futhi, kukholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele bazimele emikhakheni eminingi yempilo. Ngakho ke, eMelika kuvunyelwa ukuthi abaqhashi baxoshe abasebenzi kalula, izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqeleli imivikelo yamalungelo wabasebenzi ngendlela eqhathaniseka nabalingani be-Melika ngokuthuthuka kakhulu e-Yurophu. Nakuba mayilinganiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ayibizeli intelo eningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi iMelika ayineza imivikelo yomphakathi efana nezintanga zayo eziningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi nakuba kukhona izinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicare ne-Social Security, abantu kufanele bathembele ekongeni kwemali nokuzitshaleli umholo wabo emapenshinini (isib. i-401K). Iningi labasebenzi baseMelika abekho emibumbanweni yabasebenzi. Izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqi ukuthi abasebenzi banikezwe izinsuku zekhefu (isib. ikhefu nxakubeletha) ngaphandle kampelasonto namaholide. Nakuba ubugqili bungasavumelekile, iziboshwa zingaphoqelelwa ukusebenza njengesijeziso sokugwetshelwa icala.

iMelika inemikhakha yomnotho eminingi. iMelika inothile ngomhlaba  kakhulu ngoba ikhiqiza amafutha andlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Futhi iMelika ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wegolide, usokhele, insimbi, izenke nomophobo. iMelika inobuningi bomhlaba ovundile ondlula izizwe zonke, ngakho ikhiqiza izitshalelwa ezindlula izizwe zonke mazihlangene, kakhulu amaqobolondo wesoya (amabhontshisi wesoya), izihlamvu zamafutha, izintelo, umbila, ukolweni, imifino, ubisi nemikhiqizo yawo, nenyama. 

iMelika inomkhakha wamasevisi ondlula izizwe zonke. Inamankampani wobucwepeshe amakhulu kakhulu abizwa Isikhombisa Esiyisimangaliso: Meta (Facebook), Alphabet (Google, YouTube), Amazon, Nvidia, Microsoft, Apple, ne-Tesla. iMelika inomkhakha wezokuphathamali ondlula izizwe zonke. Amabhange amakhulu yilawa: JP Morgan Chase, Goldman-Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup kanye neWells Fargo. Futhi, iMelika inezinkampani ezimbili ezilekela ukuthengiselwana ngobusimanje manje kakhulu amakhasi: Visa ne-Mastercard. iMelika inomkhakha ezobungcebeleka ondlula izizwe zonke. Kakhulu umkhakha wamafilimu eMelika, ominyenwe eHollywood, inxenye yedolobha iLos Angeles, indlula izizwe zonke zomhlaba ngomholo. Futhi iphethe izinkampani ezinkulu kulomkhakha: Disney, Netflix, Comcast, kanye ne-Paramount (kakhulu ngokuthenga i-Warner Bros. Discovery). iMelika ikhande abosomgidigidi abandlula izizwe zonke: 989 futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibumbe usomgidintathu wokuqala emlwandweni womhlaba wonke: u-Elon Musk.

iMelika ifeze lokuthuthuka nokubuso omnothweni ngenxa yezinsiza ezimbalwa: ukunotha komhlaba, izikhungo eziqinile, inani yabantu efunde ezingeni eliphezulu, ukunqoba izifo eziningi ezibhubhisa abasha, uhwebo okhululekile, nokuqamba izinguxa ezintsha sha ezimqoka esimanjemanjeni, namandla empi okuphoqelela izinhloso zayo. iMelika iqambe kokuqala lezizinguxa nezinhlelo zobucwepesha: [[uxhakaxholo]], [[IsiCikizi|isicikizi]], isikhanyiso [[amazuba|sombani]], [[iNdiza|indiza]], izubela lesiphemba, futhi [[isikhali senuzi]]. iMelika inesimo sezingqalasizinda esithuthuke kakhulu: uhleloxhumano lwemigwaqo okushesha olundlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni, izitheku zempahla kakhulu zase-New York nase-Los Angeles, inani lezikhululo zezindiza ezindlula izizwe zonke isib., i-Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, i-Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, ne-O'Hare International Airport. iMelika inezinkampani zezindiza ezinethonya kakhulu isib. Delta, American, Southwest ne-United.

Umbani waseMelika uqhamuka emithombini embalwa: izivuthisi zentshicwa (isib. amalahle namafutha, amamoya emvelo 82%), amandla avuselelekayo (isib. ilanga, umoya, amanzi 10%), amandla enuzi (8%).
==Ezezibalozabantu==
iMelika inenani labantu elindlula izigidi eziyi-386, elesithathu emhlabeni ngasemuva kwe [[iNdiya]] kanye [[iShayina]]. Ngenxa yobukhulu bobungakho bendawo ayinabo ubuminywana kwabantu obuningi. Kepha, lokhu kufihla ukuthi iningi labalihlali lihlala emadolobheni: 83% yabantu. Amadolobha amakhulu: i-New York, [[Chicago]], Los Angeles, [[Miami, Florida|Miami]], Houston, Dallas, Philadelphia, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]], Atlanta nase-Boston. Izifundazwe ezinenani labahlali ziyi: [[California]], [[Texas]], New York, [[Florida]], [[Pennsylvania]], kanye ne-Illinois. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Amadolobha amakhulu aseMelika
|-
!#
!Igama
!Indawo
!Inani
|-
|1
|New York
|Nyakatho-Mpumalanga
|20,112,448
|-
|2
|Los Angeles
|Ntshonalanga
|12,844,441
|-
|3
|Chicago
|Mpakathi-Ntshonalanga
|9,434,123
|-
|4
|Dallas-Fort Worth
|Ningizimu
|8,477,157
|-
|5
|Houston
|Ningizimu
|7,904,627
|-
|6
|Atlanta
|Ningizimu
|6,482,182
|-
|7
|Washington D.C.
|Ningizimu
|6,465,724
|-
|8
|Miami
|Ningizimu
|6,391,072
|-
|9
|Philadelphia
|Nyakatho-Mpumalanga
|6,329,118
|-
|10
|Phoenix
|Ntshonalanga
|5,228,938
|}
Nakuba [[isiNgisi]] siwulimi likazwelonke, iMelika ayinawo ulimi okomthetho njengezinye izizwe. Nakuba kunjalo isiNgisi sikhulunywa njengelimi elincelwa ebeleni futhi ekuyilimi lodwa elikhulunywa ngabantu aba-78%. Nakuba 22% lenani labantu likhuluma eminye olimi, wonke umuntu ohlala eMelika usazi nakancane isiNgisi. Ulimi olwesibili ngenani labantu abakukhulumayo [[IsiSpeyini|isiSpaniya]] olukhulunywa kakhulu eNingizimu. Ngenxa yokwamkela abafuduki abaningi, kunezilimi eziku-400 ezikhulunywa eMelika. Ngenxa yokuthunjwa, abansundu abokhokho babo abebayizigqili balahlekelwe izilimi zabo zomdabo zase-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]. Nakuba kunjalo, abansundu baseMelika baqambe inhlobo yesiNgisi esihlukile kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Futhi, kunabakhuluma izinhlobo zesiSpaniya nesiFulentshi ezithintwe izilimi zase-Afrika. Abantu bomdabu baseMelika banciphe ngenani kangangokuthi bambalwa abasele ngenxa yokuhlalselwa, ukucindezelwa, ukubulawa nokuthelelewa amagcinwane nezifo zase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] ngabamhlophe. Kungakho nakuba imvelaphi yabo iseMelika, bambalwa ababomdabu abasele. Kukhona abagcinile amasiko nezilimi zabo kakhulu isiNavajo. Futhi, kunemikhankaso okulondoloza nokudlondlobalisa izilimi zomdabu. 

iMelika yakhiwe esisekelweni sobandlululo okwehlanga. Ngenxa yalokhu kunokuhlukaniswa ngokwehlanga okuqinile. Lokho luholela ekutheni kubezinhlanga ezimbalwa: abamhlophe (abaqhamuka eYurophu kakhulu [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eBhulithani]] [[iJalimani|naseJalimani]]; 60%), abansundu (kakhulu abaqhamuka eNtshonalanga Afrika; 12%), amaSpaniya noma amaLathini (18%), [[I-Eshiya|nabase-Eshiya]] (5%). Izigidi ezi-48 zabantu zibuya ezizweni zangaphandle (14% yabantu).
[[File:US Population pyramid 2026.png|thumb|Ipilamidi yabantu ekhombisa inani yezigaba zabantu ngobudala nagobulili]]
Ngenxa yemfundo, ukuzimela okwemali, umncintisano ezemfundo nomsebenzi, izinsiza zokuvimba ukumitha, nokhululeka ekuzinqumeleni kwabesifazane, ukuzalwa kwabantu kuyancipha: kusukela u-2026 ngakujwayelekile owesifazane uzala abantwana abayi-1.62 (11 yamasana azalwayo kwenkulungwaneni yabantu). Lokhu kuthusa osozibalozabantu abaxwayisa ukuthi abasha baseMelika bazothwala kanzima ukunakekela abadala nokukhokha intelo enele ukuxhasa abadala. iMelika inconywana ukundlula ezinye ezizwe ezithuthukile ngoba unobukhono okuheha abafuduki. Kepha ucwaningo ukhombisa ukuthi umkhuba okuzala kwabafuduki ugcina ufana nezakhamuzi ezizelwe. iMelika ivuma ukuthi nayiphi ingane ezalwe eMelika ithola ubuzakhamuzi (ngaphandle kwaleyo ezalwe inxusa yesisinye esizwe). Kubikezelwa ukuthi lesimo sizobanga ukuncipha kwenani labantu kuqala ngo-2056.

Isiguquko sokuqala somthethosisekelo silondoloza ilungelo labantu ukuzikholela into ebayifunayo nokungavinjwa ekwenzeni kwamasiko neminqubi yaleyonkolo. [[UbuKristu]] bukholelwa abantu aba-64%. Lokhu kwenza iMelika inani labaKristu elokuqala emhlabeni ngobuningi. Kulandela 24% yabantu abangangazibandakanyi ezinkolweni, UbuJuda, ubuHindu, UbuSulemani kanye nobuBhuda. 

iMelika ihamba phambile ezimfundweni eziphakeme emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba inezinkinga ngokufunda kwabantwana kakhulu mayiqhatanyiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ikhiqize abosonzululwazi, nabosocwepheshe abaqambe izinguxa ezintsha sha futhi. Futhi, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zihloniphekile kakhulu i-Harvard, i-Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), i-Yale, i-California Technical Institute (Caltech), i-Stanford, i-Princeton, iNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley nase-Los Angeles. Imfundo ephakeme eMelika ibiza kakhulu ngokwemali. Lokho kuholela ukuthi abafundi baboleke izimali eziningi. iMelika ithwala isiboleko sezemfundo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.</text>
      <sha1>hdwoaz2vgy79q43oqtl3v5r4esx2j0l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122023</id>
      <parentid>122010</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T03:36:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umzabalazi</username>
        <id>25813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngifake isihloko sozo</comment>
      <origin>122023</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="26053" sha1="i8q9vcp0v8y9a2d0qfp211482yju9ad" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe|igama=iMelika|igama_ivamile=America|igama_ikhulu=United States of America|ifulegi=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|image_coat=Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|isaga_wesizwe=&quot;Sithemba kuNkulunkulu&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''In God We Trust''&quot; (isiNgisi)&lt;br&gt; &quot;Ebuningini, munye&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''E pluribus unum''&quot; (isiLatini)|inkondlo_wesizwe=Isibhengezo Esifafazwe Ngezinkanyezi&lt;br&gt;''Star Spangled Banner'' (isiNgisi)|inhlokodolobha=Washington DC|izilimi=[[IsiNgisi]]|idolobha_elikhulu=[[New York]]|ibalazwe=USA orthographic.svg|abantu=Ummelika, Amamelika|ubukhulu_km2=9833520|iphesenti_lamanzi=7%|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa=341,784,857|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka=2025|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma=lwesithathu|ixuku_labantu_km2=97.4|ixuku_labantu_ukuma=lwesi-180|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Umbusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi yokhetho nomengameli okhethwa ngabantu nqo ongaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=Umengameli|umongameli_igama1=[[Donald Trump]]|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isekela likaMengameli|umongameli_igama2=J.D. Vance|umongameli_isithakazo3=Umehluleli Omkhulu|umongameli_igama3=John Roberts|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Isimemezo sobuzimela|usuku_isehlakalo1=4 kaNhlangulana 1776|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Umfelandawonye|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaNdasa 1781|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Umthethosisekelo|usuku_isehlakalo3=4 kaNdasa 1789|imali=iDola laseMelika (USD/$)}}

[[iMelika]] (ngokomthetho: Izifundazwe Ezibumbene zaseMelika; [[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United States of America'', ngokumfushane: ''America'') liyisizwe onyakathweni lwelizwekazini elithatha igama layo kuyona: iNyakatho Melika. Izungezwe [[iKhanada]] ngasenyakatho (umgcele omude ukundlula imigcele yonke emhlabeni engavikelwanga), iLwandle lase-Atlantiki ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Mekisiko (isingeniso seLwandle lase-Karibi kusukela 2024, [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]] uguqule leligama kuLwandle lase-Melika)  ngaseningizimu mpumalanga, [[iMekisiko]] ngaseningizimu neLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngasentshonalanga. Isifundazwe sase-Alaska (esindlula izifundazwe zonke zeMelika ngobungakho bendawo) lisenyakatho ntshonalanga leNyakatho Melika. Sizungezwe iKhanada ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngaseningizimu, iLwandle lase-Arctic ngasenyakatho, neRashiya entshonalanga ngaphesheya komcingo wase-Beringi. Isifundazwe sase-Hawaii siselwandleni Pasifiki kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezingaphansi kwaseMelika iGuam, iSamowa yase-Melika, Iziqhingi zaseNyakatho Mariana. eLwandleni lase-Karibi, kuneziqhingi ezingaphansi kweMelika: i-Puerto Rico nama-American Virgin Islands.

== Ezombusazwe ==
[[File:Constitution of the United States, page 1.jpg|thumb|Ikhasi lokuqala lomthethosisekelo yaseMelika]]
iMelika ibuswa ngohlelokubusa okuhamba ngombusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi ongaphansi komthethosisekelo. Uhlelokulawula wase-Melika uyisibonelo esithonye umumo wezinhlelo zokulawula zezinye izizwe emhlabeni. Uhlelo lwezombusazwe waseMelika wakhiwe esisekelweni sentandoyeningi yase-Bhulithani kepha ifulathela ubukhosi balesosizwe.  Umthethosisekelo olungene emthethweni ngo-21 kaNdasa 1789. Nakuba umthethosisekelo uguqulwe kayi-27, umumo kahulumeni kazwelonke usafana nasikhathi usungulwa ngayo:

* Isishayamthetho: i-Congress enezindluzimbili: i-Senate (indlu yangaphezulu emele izifundazwe ngokulingana) nesiGunga yabaMelisizwe (indlu yangaphansi emelwe abantu besisizwe sonke)
* Sokuphatha: Umengameli okhethwe iNhlangano Yokhetho (i-Electoral College) oqoka abonqgongqoshe abangamalunga weKhabinethi
* Sobulungiswa: iNkantolo ePhakeme nezinkantolo ezihlukene zikazwelonke.

Amandla okubusa ahletshulelwane ngaphakathi kwezifundazwe nohulumeni kazwelonke. Izifundazwe zinamandla okuziphathi kuyonke imikhakha engagcinelwangwa uhulumeni kazwelonke. Nakuba, izifundazwe zinemithethosisekelo zabo, Umthethosisekelo uphezu kwayo yonke. Futhi, umthethosisekelo uyalela ukuthi imihulumeni uezifundazwe kufanele ihambe ngohlelo wombusobala wentandoyeningi yokhetho. Uhlaka wezigatsha zintathu eziqaphelanayo, lumqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ahletshulwe ngendlela ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kubuswa ngentandoyeningi. Isikhathi eside somlando weMelika yesimanje, abansundu abathunjwe e-Afrika abayizigqili, babenganawo ubuzakhamuzi. Emuva kweMpi Yezakhamuzi YaseMelika (eqalwe ngenxa yokuphikisana ngaphakathi kwezihlongithi zezifundazwe zaseNyakatho nohulumeni kazwelonke nehlangothi lezifundazwe zaseningizimu mayelana amalungelo ezifundazwe kakhulu okuziqumela mayelana ubugqili), abansundu banikezwe ubuzakhamuzi. Ngephoxeko, bekunobandlululo kubansundu. Lomnqubongongomo wemithetho ka-Jim Crow nesikhathi sokwakhakabusha (i-Reconstruction) uholele ekungalinganini ngaphakhathi kwezihlanga zabamhlophe nabansundu. Ngezi-1960, abansundu banikezwe amalungelo alinganayo nabamhlophe kepha kusanobungalingani obungekho nqo emthethweni kodwa obusalele ngenxa yemikhulu yeminyaka yokucindezelwa nokuvalelwa ngaphandle komnotho kwabansundu.
[[File:Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg|thumb|Isithombe esisemthethweni sikaMengameli uDonald Trump kusukela 2025]]
Umengameli uyinhloko yesizwe, unhloko yegatsha lokuphatha nomkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo. Umengameli ukhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka emine. Kuvumelike ngokomthetho ukuthi ahlale akhethwe ukuhlala ebunkundleni kabili kuphela. Makundlula iminyaka eyine, izakhamuzi ezikhulileyo zikhetha abameli bezinhlangano ukuthi bakhethe umenganeli njengamalunga yeNhlangano Yokhetho. Izifundazwe zihletshulelwane izihlalo kulomhlangano ngobukhulu benani labahlali. Kepha loluhlelo lubunjwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifundazwe ezinganabantu abaningi ukuthi bathole izihlalo. Lokho kuzinikeza ithonya elindlula ubukhulu benani lazo. Nakuba amalunga alomhlangano avumelelike ukukhetha namuni, isiko siphoqela ukuthi bakhetha ikhandidethi yeqembu elikhethwe iningi lenani labahlali besifunda abasimeleyo. 

Umengameli ungena esikhundleni ngo-20 kaMasingane konyaka ngasemuva kokuphela kobukhundla komengameli ophumayo. Umengameli unegunya lokuqoka abongqongqoshe ngemvumo ye-Senate. Umengameli unamandla okulawula nokukhuza igatsha lokuphatha ngoba amandla okuphoqelela omthetho asezandleni zakhe. Lomsebenzi uwenza ngokusayina imiyalelo yokuphatha (executive orders). Kepha, lamandla akhawulwa umthetho oshayiwe i-Congress nezinqumo zegatsha lobulungiswa. Nakubo kunemikhawulo, uMengameli oneningi lamalunga weqembu lezombangazwe efana neyakhe ezindlini zimbili ze-Congress, unethonya lokungenisa imithetho ehambelana nezinhloso zomkhankaso akhe. Ngohamba kwesikhathi uMengameli ugodle amandla andayo, isibonelo: ukuthuma amajoni ezizweni zangaphandle nakuba i-Congress ingaka memezi impi kulesosizwe. 
[[File:United States Capitol west front edit2.jpg|thumb|Isakhiwo Capitol, isihlalo sesishayamthetho saseMelika]]
i-Congress iyisishayamthetho saseMelika. Indlu yangaphezulu, i-Senate inamalunga ayi-100. Izifundazwe zonke zinekwa amalunga amabili kuphela. Lamalunga amela iqembu lezombangazwe ethile. Futhi akhethwa izakhamuzi. Kuthethwa ihafu yamalunga e-Senate emuva kweminyaka eyintathu. Amalunga e-Senate ahlala iminyaka emibili esikhundleni kepha kuvumelekile ukuthi akhethwe kaningi; akunamkhawulo isibalo sezikhathi amalunga e-Senate angakhethwa ngayo. i-Senate inemandla okunquma imivumelwano nezinye izizwe ukuthi zibe inxenye yomthetho jikelele waseMelika. I-Senate inamandla okugweba Umengameli icala ukumkhipha esikhundlweni. Nakuba imigqubo nophenyo yayiqalwa, aboMengameli abandlule kulomcimbi baphunyuke ngokwehla esikhundleni (uRonald Reagan) noma ukungabikho kweningi lamalunga ukuthi axhase ukuxoshwa kaMengameli (isibonelo: uDonald Trump). 

iGunga yabaMelibezwe (i-House of Representatives), ikhethwa izakhamuzi. Amaqembu ezombangazwe anikezwa izihlalo ezilingana nezifunda zokhetho lapho athola iningi lamavoti khona. Imithetho wentelo nezimali kufanelwe ingeniswr futhi ivunyelwe iGunga yabaMelibezwe. Iningi yemithetho kufanelwe ivunyelwe lezizindlu zimbili. Ngokungafani nezinye izizwe, iMelika inamaqembu ezombangazwe ezimbili kuphela: i-Democratic Party ne-Republican Party. Futhi, lamaqembu madala: ama-Democrats asungulwe ngo-1828 futhi ama-Republican asungulwe ngo-1854. Kusukela 2024 osesikhundleni sobumengameli nguDonald Trump we-Republican Party.

=== Ezokuvikela ===
[[File:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) underway in the Atlantic Ocean on 9 October 2022 (221009-N-TL968-1248).JPG|thumb|Isithwalandiza Gerald R. Ford, umkhumbi wezempi ondlula yonke imikhumbi yempi emhlabeni wonke]]
Amabutho Ahlomileyo ase-Melika (United States Armed Forces) andlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni ngamandla. Inezindleko eziyizigidintathu ezi-1.15$ ezindlula izizwe ezingamashumi amabili ezilandelayo zihlangene. iMelika inezikhali zenuzi eziyi-1,744. iMelika yisizwe esisodwa emlandweni womhlaba wonke oqumise izikhali zenuzi esizweni esinye ngesikhathi sempi ngo-1945 emadolobheni wase-Nagasaki nase-Hiroshima e-Japan. iMelika ikhona ukuciba izikhali zenuzi ngamagatsha amathathu: obhakabhakeni, olwandleni nasemhlabeni. iMelika inemikhumbi yempi eyi-292. Futhi inemikhumbi izithwalandiza zenuzi ezi-11 nemikhumbi yangaphansi kwamanzi ehamba ngenuzi eyi-68, isibalo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika ikhanda izikhali ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Futhi izinga lobucwepheshe ekukhandweni kwezikhali kuholela ekutheni iMelika ikhanda izinhlobo zezikhali nempahla yempi esebenze emkhathini, ebhakabhakeni, emhlabeni naselwandleni. iMelika ithekelisa izikhali eziletha intelo eyizigidigidi eziyi-13.512$ (indlula izizwe zonke kangangokuthi iqoqa 43% yentelo yazonke izikhali ezikhandwa emhlabeni wonke).
[[File:The Pentagon, Headquarters of the US Department of Defense (cropped2).jpg|thumb|i-Pentagon, isakhiwo sohlelo lwenxanhlanu, isihlalo soMnyango wezeMpi]]
Umkhuzi jikelele waseMelika nguMengameli. i-Joint Chiefs of Staff, ingumkhandlu wabakhuzi abaphakeme bamagatsha wamabutho ahlomileyo. Lomkhandlu uboniselana nohulumeni futhi obhekane nezindaba zezinsuku zamabutho. Umnyango weMpi (owawuwaziwa Umyango wezokuVikela) uqhasha abasebenzi namajoni onke. Ngokuqhasha abantu abandlula izingidi eziyintathu, Umnyango wezokuVikela ungumqhashi omkhulu ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. iMelika inezinkambi zamabutho ezi-800 ezizweni eziyi-80. Futhi iMelika inezikambu zamabuthi zangaphesheya ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni zinhlangene ngobuningi.

=== Ezobundlelwanenezizwe ===
[[File:Midtown Manhattan Skyline 004 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isihlalo senhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene, eDolobheni laseNew York]]
iMelika inobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-190. iMelika inezitha zokuqala nezizwe zase-Iran, iNyakatho Khoriya, iSiriya, [[iRashiya]], iKhiyubha, ne-[[IShayina|Shayina]]. iMelika iyilunga lisungula lezinhlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, kakhulu: [[IZizwe Ezihlangene]], Inhlangano Yomvumelwano yaseNyakatho Atlantiki, i-G7, Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlabawonke, iBhange Yomhlaba, Isikhwama Sezizwezonke, Inhlangano Yokusebenzisana Ngokomnotho neNtuthuko, Inhlangano Yezizwezonke Yesidlakalasi Sochwe. iMelika iyilunga ehlala unomphela yoMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa. iMelika inethonya ethambile neqinile endlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Isebenzisa amasiko nobuciko ukuheha izizwe nomnotho namabutho ukuphoqelela intando yayo.

iMelika iqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekile emanzini olwandle avulekele izizwezonke. Ngokuba iMelika yayihlasele izizwe eziningi emlandweni wayo (isib. iVietnam, iLaos, iKhambodiya, i-Iraq, iLibhiya, i-Afghanistani, iPhanama) futhi imenule imibuso eminingi kakhulu eShiya naseNingizimu Melika (isib. i-Iran, iKhiyubha, iGwatemala, iTshile, iBrazili), futhi ihlome isivinjelo esizweni sase-Khiyubha nokuthi ivalele izizwe ezingi ngaphandle kwemikhakha eminingi ohwebeni nasomnothweni emhlaba (''sanctions''), iMelika igxekwa ezinye izizwe nezakhamuzi zayo. Futhi, ngokuba iMelika izisalelisile ngaphandle kweNkantolo Yezizwezonke Yobugebenu, amacala eminingi wezakhamuzi nabaholi bayo ababandakanyeke ebuxhaphazweni kamalungelo abantu abashushiwa futhi abajeziswa ngendlela izizwe ezimpofu kakhulu zase-Afrika ziphathwa ngayo. Emuva kokuphela kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlabawonke, iMelika iphakamise ukuzimela kwezizwe, ukuhweba nezinye izizwe nokwanda kwentandoyeningi, nohlelo lobudlelwane ezizwe olusekelwe ngumthetho. Kepha ngenxa yezigameko ezifana nokuxhasa ababusi abacindezela izakhamuzi zayo, leziziphakamiso ziyosolwa kwezinye izigaba. Nakuba kunjalo, esikhathini kokudilika kweBumbano yamaSoviyethi izizwe eziningi zithuthukile okomnotho futhi kwande intandoyeningi.

== Ezomnotho ==
[[File:View of Empire State Building from Rockefeller Center New York City dllu (cropped).jpg|thumb|Umumodolobha wase iManhattan, inxenye ledolobha lase-New York, idolobha elindlula wonke amadolobha ngomkhiqizo]]
iMelika inomnotho osezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. iMelika inomkhiqizo ohlangene wonyaka oyizigidintathu ezi-29.18$. Ngobusobala umkhiqizo okomnotho waseMelika undlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Kepha, makuqhathaniswa amandla okuthenga ngaphakathi kwezizwe, iMelika indlulwa iShayina. iMelika inokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu wezi-$ 89,860. Ngaphandle kwezizwe ezincane, iMelika indlula izizwe zonke ngokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu. iMali yaseMelika, iDola (USD) isetshenziswa ohwebeni nomthengiselwano ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni (80% yemithengiselwano ngaphankathi kwezizwe ihamba ngamaDola). 

Uhlelo lezomnotho laseMelika kuhamba ngokuhweba okukhululekile olunemikhawulo emincane. Futhi, kukholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele bazimele emikhakheni eminingi yempilo. Ngakho ke, eMelika kuvunyelwa ukuthi abaqhashi baxoshe abasebenzi kalula, izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqeleli imivikelo yamalungelo wabasebenzi ngendlela eqhathaniseka nabalingani be-Melika ngokuthuthuka kakhulu e-Yurophu. Nakuba mayilinganiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ayibizeli intelo eningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi iMelika ayineza imivikelo yomphakathi efana nezintanga zayo eziningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi nakuba kukhona izinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicare ne-Social Security, abantu kufanele bathembele ekongeni kwemali nokuzitshaleli umholo wabo emapenshinini (isib. i-401K). Iningi labasebenzi baseMelika abekho emibumbanweni yabasebenzi. Izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqi ukuthi abasebenzi banikezwe izinsuku zekhefu (isib. ikhefu nxakubeletha) ngaphandle kampelasonto namaholide. Nakuba ubugqili bungasavumelekile, iziboshwa zingaphoqelelwa ukusebenza njengesijeziso sokugwetshelwa icala.

iMelika inemikhakha yomnotho eminingi. iMelika inothile ngomhlaba  kakhulu ngoba ikhiqiza amafutha andlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Futhi iMelika ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wegolide, usokhele, insimbi, izenke nomophobo. iMelika inobuningi bomhlaba ovundile ondlula izizwe zonke, ngakho ikhiqiza izitshalelwa ezindlula izizwe zonke mazihlangene, kakhulu amaqobolondo wesoya (amabhontshisi wesoya), izihlamvu zamafutha, izintelo, umbila, ukolweni, imifino, ubisi nemikhiqizo yawo, nenyama. 

iMelika inomkhakha wamasevisi ondlula izizwe zonke. Inamankampani wobucwepeshe amakhulu kakhulu abizwa Isikhombisa Esiyisimangaliso: Meta (Facebook), Alphabet (Google, YouTube), Amazon, Nvidia, Microsoft, Apple, ne-Tesla. iMelika inomkhakha wezokuphathamali ondlula izizwe zonke. Amabhange amakhulu yilawa: JP Morgan Chase, Goldman-Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup kanye neWells Fargo. Futhi, iMelika inezinkampani ezimbili ezilekela ukuthengiselwana ngobusimanje manje kakhulu amakhasi: Visa ne-Mastercard. iMelika inomkhakha ezobungcebeleka ondlula izizwe zonke. Kakhulu umkhakha wamafilimu eMelika, ominyenwe eHollywood, inxenye yedolobha iLos Angeles, indlula izizwe zonke zomhlaba ngomholo. Futhi iphethe izinkampani ezinkulu kulomkhakha: Disney, Netflix, Comcast, kanye ne-Paramount (kakhulu ngokuthenga i-Warner Bros. Discovery). iMelika ikhande abosomgidigidi abandlula izizwe zonke: 989 futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibumbe usomgidintathu wokuqala emlwandweni womhlaba wonke: u-Elon Musk.

iMelika ifeze lokuthuthuka nokubuso omnothweni ngenxa yezinsiza ezimbalwa: ukunotha komhlaba, izikhungo eziqinile, inani yabantu efunde ezingeni eliphezulu, ukunqoba izifo eziningi ezibhubhisa abasha, uhwebo okhululekile, nokuqamba izinguxa ezintsha sha ezimqoka esimanjemanjeni, namandla empi okuphoqelela izinhloso zayo. iMelika iqambe kokuqala lezizinguxa nezinhlelo zobucwepesha: [[uxhakaxholo]], [[IsiCikizi|isicikizi]], isikhanyiso [[amazuba|sombani]], [[iNdiza|indiza]], izubela lesiphemba, futhi [[isikhali senuzi]]. iMelika inesimo sezingqalasizinda esithuthuke kakhulu: uhleloxhumano lwemigwaqo okushesha olundlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni, izitheku zempahla kakhulu zase-New York nase-Los Angeles, inani lezikhululo zezindiza ezindlula izizwe zonke isib., i-Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, i-Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, ne-O'Hare International Airport. iMelika inezinkampani zezindiza ezinethonya kakhulu isib. Delta, American, Southwest ne-United.

Umbani waseMelika uqhamuka emithombini embalwa: izivuthisi zentshicwa (isib. amalahle namafutha, amamoya emvelo 82%), amandla avuselelekayo (isib. ilanga, umoya, amanzi 10%), amandla enuzi (8%).
==Ezezibalozabantu==
iMelika inenani labantu elindlula izigidi eziyi-386, elesithathu emhlabeni ngasemuva kwe [[iNdiya]] kanye [[iShayina]]. Ngenxa yobukhulu bobungakho bendawo ayinabo ubuminywana kwabantu obuningi. Kepha, lokhu kufihla ukuthi iningi labalihlali lihlala emadolobheni: 83% yabantu. Amadolobha amakhulu: i-New York, [[Chicago]], Los Angeles, [[Miami, Florida|Miami]], Houston, Dallas, Philadelphia, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]], Atlanta nase-Boston. Izifundazwe ezinenani labahlali ziyi: [[California]], [[Texas]], New York, [[Florida]], [[Pennsylvania]], kanye ne-Illinois. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Amadolobha amakhulu aseMelika
|-
!#
!Igama
!Indawo
!Inani
|-
|1
|New York
|Nyakatho-Mpumalanga
|20,112,448
|-
|2
|Los Angeles
|Ntshonalanga
|12,844,441
|-
|3
|Chicago
|Mpakathi-Ntshonalanga
|9,434,123
|-
|4
|Dallas-Fort Worth
|Ningizimu
|8,477,157
|-
|5
|Houston
|Ningizimu
|7,904,627
|-
|6
|Atlanta
|Ningizimu
|6,482,182
|-
|7
|Washington D.C.
|Ningizimu
|6,465,724
|-
|8
|Miami
|Ningizimu
|6,391,072
|-
|9
|Philadelphia
|Nyakatho-Mpumalanga
|6,329,118
|-
|10
|Phoenix
|Ntshonalanga
|5,228,938
|}
Nakuba [[isiNgisi]] siwulimi likazwelonke, iMelika ayinawo ulimi okomthetho njengezinye izizwe. Nakuba kunjalo isiNgisi sikhulunywa njengelimi elincelwa ebeleni futhi ekuyilimi lodwa elikhulunywa ngabantu aba-78%. Nakuba 22% lenani labantu likhuluma eminye olimi, wonke umuntu ohlala eMelika usazi nakancane isiNgisi. Ulimi olwesibili ngenani labantu abakukhulumayo [[IsiSpeyini|isiSpaniya]] olukhulunywa kakhulu eNingizimu. Ngenxa yokwamkela abafuduki abaningi, kunezilimi eziku-400 ezikhulunywa eMelika. Ngenxa yokuthunjwa, abansundu abokhokho babo abebayizigqili balahlekelwe izilimi zabo zomdabo zase-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]. Nakuba kunjalo, abansundu baseMelika baqambe inhlobo yesiNgisi esihlukile kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Futhi, kunabakhuluma izinhlobo zesiSpaniya nesiFulentshi ezithintwe izilimi zase-Afrika. Abantu bomdabu baseMelika banciphe ngenani kangangokuthi bambalwa abasele ngenxa yokuhlalselwa, ukucindezelwa, ukubulawa nokuthelelewa amagcinwane nezifo zase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] ngabamhlophe. Kungakho nakuba imvelaphi yabo iseMelika, bambalwa ababomdabu abasele. Kukhona abagcinile amasiko nezilimi zabo kakhulu isiNavajo. Futhi, kunemikhankaso okulondoloza nokudlondlobalisa izilimi zomdabu. 

iMelika yakhiwe esisekelweni sobandlululo okwehlanga. Ngenxa yalokhu kunokuhlukaniswa ngokwehlanga okuqinile. Lokho luholela ekutheni kubezinhlanga ezimbalwa: abamhlophe (abaqhamuka eYurophu kakhulu [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eBhulithani]] [[iJalimani|naseJalimani]]; 60%), abansundu (kakhulu abaqhamuka eNtshonalanga Afrika; 12%), amaSpaniya noma amaLathini (18%), [[I-Eshiya|nabase-Eshiya]] (5%). Izigidi ezi-48 zabantu zibuya ezizweni zangaphandle (14% yabantu).
[[File:US Population pyramid 2026.png|thumb|Ipilamidi yabantu ekhombisa inani yezigaba zabantu ngobudala nagobulili]]
Ngenxa yemfundo, ukuzimela okwemali, umncintisano ezemfundo nomsebenzi, izinsiza zokuvimba ukumitha, nokhululeka ekuzinqumeleni kwabesifazane, ukuzalwa kwabantu kuyancipha: kusukela u-2026 ngakujwayelekile owesifazane uzala abantwana abayi-1.62 (11 yamasana azalwayo kwenkulungwaneni yabantu). Lokhu kuthusa osozibalozabantu abaxwayisa ukuthi abasha baseMelika bazothwala kanzima ukunakekela abadala nokukhokha intelo enele ukuxhasa abadala. iMelika inconywana ukundlula ezinye ezizwe ezithuthukile ngoba unobukhono okuheha abafuduki. Kepha ucwaningo ukhombisa ukuthi umkhuba okuzala kwabafuduki ugcina ufana nezakhamuzi ezizelwe. iMelika ivuma ukuthi nayiphi ingane ezalwe eMelika ithola ubuzakhamuzi (ngaphandle kwaleyo ezalwe inxusa yesisinye esizwe). Kubikezelwa ukuthi lesimo sizobanga ukuncipha kwenani labantu kuqala ngo-2056.
{{Multiple image|total_width=400|image1=Washington National Cathedral Looking SE.jpg|caption1=Inhlokosonto kaZwelonke laseWashington lebandla lama-Anglican lobuKristu|image2=Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (54960815718).jpg|caption2=isiKhungo sobuCwepheshe saseMassachusetts, eBoston, esiyinyuvesi ehamba phambili ezokungcikisha/ezobunjinyela emhlabeni wonke|image3=Texas medical center sundown.jpg|caption3=i-Texas Medical Centre, isibhedlele esindlula izibhedlela zezizwe zonke ngobukhulu nangocwaningo ezempilo}}

Isiguquko sokuqala somthethosisekelo silondoloza ilungelo labantu ukuzikholela into ebayifunayo nokungavinjwa ekwenzeni kwamasiko neminqubi yaleyonkolo. [[UbuKristu]] bukholelwa abantu aba-64%. Lokhu kwenza iMelika inani labaKristu elokuqala emhlabeni ngobuningi. Kulandela 24% yabantu abangazibandakanyi ezinkolweni, be kusala ezinye izinkolo: UbuJuda, ubuHindu, UbuSulemani kanye nobuBhuda. 

iMelika ihamba phambile ezimfundweni eziphakeme emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba inezinkinga ngokufunda kwabantwana kakhulu mayiqhatanyiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ikhiqize abosonzululwazi, nabosocwepheshe abaqambe izinguxa ezintsha sha futhi. Futhi, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zihloniphekile kakhulu i-Harvard, i-Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), i-Yale, i-California Technical Institute (Caltech), i-Stanford, i-Princeton, iNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley nase-Los Angeles. Imfundo ephakeme eMelika ibiza kakhulu ngokwemali. Lokho kuholela ukuthi abafundi baboleke izimali eziningi. iMelika ithwala isiboleko sezemfundo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika inobucwaningo ezempilo obundlula izizwe zonke. iMelika ikhiqiza izinhlobo zezinsiza zokulapha ezihamba phambili. Abosonzululwazi baseMelika baqambe umuthi wesimanje wokulalisa umuntu makazohlinzwa, inalidi embhaxambili yokushabalalisa i-smallpox, iguxa yokulawula ukushesha kokushaya kwenhliziyo. Izindleko zaseMelika ezempilo zindlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni kepha imiphumela yezempilo ingaphansi kwezintanga zayo nezinye izimpofu. Lokhu kubangiswa ukuthi umkhakha wezempilo kakhulu izibhedlela nezikhungo zokulatshwa iningi lazo ziphethwe umkhakha wangasese. Lokho kubanga ukuthi ezempilo zibize kakhulu. Futhi, iMelika ayinawo uhlelo lokukokhekhela wonke umuntu izidingo zokulatshwa. iMedicare iyisikhwama sikazwelonke esikhokhela okuthile. Kepha izikhwama zangasese zifuneka ukugcwalisa lokhu okushodayo.
==Ezesiko==
===Ezokudla===
{{Multiple image|total_width=400|image1=BBQ Food.jpg|caption1=Inhlobo yeshisanyama|image2=Soul Food at Powell's Place.jpg|caption2=i-''Soul food'' ukudla kwabansundu obuhlanganisa ubu-Afrika nombumdabo baseMelika}}
iMelika inezinhlobo eziningi zokudla. Ngaphambu kokufika kwabamhlophe, abomdabu bebadla imifino nezithelo ezikhiqizwe kumhlaba ngokwemvelo njengama-''chestnut'', umxozongo (artichoke), ''acorn'', ''pawpaw'',ilayisi yangasendle. Futhi bebazingela izinyamazane ezifana nezinyathi zaseMelika (i-''bison'') ne-''elk'' noma i-''carabou''. Futhi, bebafuya izilwane zokudla kakhulu igalkuni (i-''turkey''). iMelika inezinhlobo zamajikijolo omdabu ayo: ''blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, serviceberries'' nama-''elderberries''. Lamajikijolo adlilwa enjalo noma ayaphekwa. Amacabunga wemithi yama-''pine'' wayebiliswa ngamanzi ukuthi aphezelwe ukulaphisa noma ukuvikela izifo.

Ngokufikwa kwabadlibezwe (abokhokho babamhlophe) kwalethwa izinhlobo zemifino yezizwe zangaphandle: ulabha (''turnip''), umkleshe (''spinach''),intshongwe (''carrot''). Ngenxa yokuthunjwa nokulethwa eMelika ngemphoqo, abansundu balethe imifino yase Afrika: igombo (''okra''), igode (''yam''), umqoqo wamahlo amnyama (''black eyed peas'') nokunye. Futhi, ukudla okwakujwayelekile eMekisiko naselizwekazini laseNingizimu Melika njengamazambane, intshelane/itamati, nama-''avocado'' azile nawo. Imfuyo efana nezinkomo, izingulube izimbuzi, izimvu nayo ize ngenxa yabadlibezwe.

Ngokuhlangana kwabantu kaqanjwa izinhlobo zokudla ezihlanganyelene neMelika: isinkwa sombila (i-''cornbread''), amakhekhe (''biscuits''), umdoko (''grits''), inyama yegalkuni. Abafudukele eMelika balethe ukudlwa kwakibo njenge-''pizza'' (evela eTaliya), amabhega (''hamburgers'' evela [[iJalimani|eJalimani]]), ama-''hotdog'' (evela eJalimani), ama-doughnut (evela eJalimani). Ubuningi bezinhlobo zezilwane zaselwandle kuholele ekutheni imfanzi (''prawn''/''shrimp''), isikhuphashe (''lobster''), izimbata (''abalone''), ukhwathu (''oyster''). BaseMelika bathanda inyama ewosiwe kakhulu ephekwe ngentuthu (''barbecue'') futhi kudliwa inyama ewomisiwe (''jerky''). 

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamafutha amaningi, ushukela obuningi, nokuphakelwa ngobukhulu, iMelika inenkinga yokukhulupha obuyingozi. Futhi, iMelika inobukhuluphala obundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Lokho kuvela ekutheni iMelika ikhiqiza ukudla okuningi, ukudla kutholakala kalula, kunamakhemikhali afakwa ekudleni ukuthi ungaboli, ukuguqula [[isifuzisi]] sokudla ukuze kunone, kwande futhi kuvikeleke ezifeni kanye nokufaka imfuyo imithi ekuthi inone ingaguli lokho kungena ekudleni. Ubungalingani, kakhulu ubandlululo kubansundu okuhohela ukuthi kubenzima ukuthola imifino noma ukudla okuphelele kuzala ukukhuluphala kulowomphakhathi kanye nezizathu ezazishiwo.</text>
      <sha1>i8q9vcp0v8y9a2d0qfp211482yju9ad</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122024</id>
      <parentid>122023</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T03:52:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umzabalazi</username>
        <id>25813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ezombusazwe */</comment>
      <origin>122024</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26053" sha1="42x2yr6domwbj37dzro21wyv2z9wdnz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe|igama=iMelika|igama_ivamile=America|igama_ikhulu=United States of America|ifulegi=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|image_coat=Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|isaga_wesizwe=&quot;Sithemba kuNkulunkulu&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''In God We Trust''&quot; (isiNgisi)&lt;br&gt; &quot;Ebuningini, munye&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''E pluribus unum''&quot; (isiLatini)|inkondlo_wesizwe=Isibhengezo Esifafazwe Ngezinkanyezi&lt;br&gt;''Star Spangled Banner'' (isiNgisi)|inhlokodolobha=Washington DC|izilimi=[[IsiNgisi]]|idolobha_elikhulu=[[New York]]|ibalazwe=USA orthographic.svg|abantu=Ummelika, Amamelika|ubukhulu_km2=9833520|iphesenti_lamanzi=7%|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa=341,784,857|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka=2025|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma=lwesithathu|ixuku_labantu_km2=97.4|ixuku_labantu_ukuma=lwesi-180|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Umbusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi yokhetho nomengameli okhethwa ngabantu nqo ongaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=Umengameli|umongameli_igama1=[[Donald Trump]]|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isekela likaMengameli|umongameli_igama2=J.D. Vance|umongameli_isithakazo3=Umehluleli Omkhulu|umongameli_igama3=John Roberts|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Isimemezo sobuzimela|usuku_isehlakalo1=4 kaNhlangulana 1776|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Umfelandawonye|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaNdasa 1781|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Umthethosisekelo|usuku_isehlakalo3=4 kaNdasa 1789|imali=iDola laseMelika (USD/$)}}

[[iMelika]] (ngokomthetho: Izifundazwe Ezibumbene zaseMelika; [[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United States of America'', ngokumfushane: ''America'') liyisizwe onyakathweni lwelizwekazini elithatha igama layo kuyona: iNyakatho Melika. Izungezwe [[iKhanada]] ngasenyakatho (umgcele omude ukundlula imigcele yonke emhlabeni engavikelwanga), iLwandle lase-Atlantiki ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Mekisiko (isingeniso seLwandle lase-Karibi kusukela 2024, [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]] uguqule leligama kuLwandle lase-Melika)  ngaseningizimu mpumalanga, [[iMekisiko]] ngaseningizimu neLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngasentshonalanga. Isifundazwe sase-Alaska (esindlula izifundazwe zonke zeMelika ngobungakho bendawo) lisenyakatho ntshonalanga leNyakatho Melika. Sizungezwe iKhanada ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngaseningizimu, iLwandle lase-Arctic ngasenyakatho, neRashiya entshonalanga ngaphesheya komcingo wase-Beringi. Isifundazwe sase-Hawaii siselwandleni Pasifiki kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezingaphansi kwaseMelika iGuam, iSamowa yase-Melika, Iziqhingi zaseNyakatho Mariana. eLwandleni lase-Karibi, kuneziqhingi ezingaphansi kweMelika: i-Puerto Rico nama-American Virgin Islands.

== Ezombusazwe ==
[[File:Constitution of the United States, page 1.jpg|thumb|Ikhasi lokuqala lomthethosisekelo yaseMelika]]
iMelika ibuswa ngohlelokubusa okuhamba ngombusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi ongaphansi komthethosisekelo. Uhlelokulawula wase-Melika uyisibonelo esithonye umumo wezinhlelo zokulawula zezinye izizwe emhlabeni. Uhlelo lwezombusazwe waseMelika wakhiwe esisekelweni sentandoyeningi yase-Bhulithani kepha ifulathela ubukhosi balesosizwe.  Umthethosisekelo olungene emthethweni ngo-21 kaNdasa 1789. Nakuba umthethosisekelo uguqulwe kayi-27, umumo kahulumeni kazwelonke usafana nasikhathi usungulwa ngayo:

* Isishayamthetho: i-Congress enezindluzimbili: i-Senate (indlu yangaphezulu emele izifundazwe ngokulingana) nesiGunga yabaMelisizwe (indlu yangaphansi emelwe abantu besisizwe sonke)
* Sokuphatha: Umengameli okhethwe iNhlangano Yokhetho (i-Electoral College) oqoka abonqgongqoshe abangamalunga weKhabinethi
* Sobulungiswa: iNkantolo ePhakeme nezinkantolo ezihlukene zikazwelonke.

Amandla okubusa ahletshulelwane ngaphakathi kwezifundazwe nohulumeni kazwelonke. Izifundazwe zinamandla okuziphathi kuyonke imikhakha engagcinelwangwa uhulumeni kazwelonke. Nakuba, izifundazwe zinemithethosisekelo zabo, Umthethosisekelo uphezu kwayo yonke. Futhi, umthethosisekelo uyalela ukuthi imihulumeni uezifundazwe kufanele ihambe ngohlelo wombusobala wentandoyeningi yokhetho. Uhlaka wezigatsha zintathu eziqaphelanayo, lumqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ahletshulwe ngendlela ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kubuswa ngentandoyeningi. Isikhathi eside somlando weMelika yesimanje, abansundu abathunjwe e-Afrika abayizigqili, babenganawo ubuzakhamuzi. Emuva kweMpi Yezakhamuzi YaseMelika (eqalwe ngenxa yokuphikisana ngaphakathi kwezihlongithi zezifundazwe zaseNyakatho nohulumeni kazwelonke nehlangothi lezifundazwe zaseningizimu mayelana amalungelo ezifundazwe kakhulu okuziqumela mayelana ubugqili), abansundu banikezwe ubuzakhamuzi. Ngephoxeko, bekunobandlululo kubansundu. Lomnqubongongomo wemithetho ka-Jim Crow nesikhathi sokwakhakabusha (i-Reconstruction) uholele ekungalinganini ngaphakhathi kwezihlanga zabamhlophe nabansundu. Ngezi-1960, abansundu banikezwe amalungelo alinganayo nabamhlophe kepha kusanobungalingani obungekho nqo emthethweni kodwa obusalele ngenxa yemikhulu yeminyaka yokucindezelwa nokuvalelwa ngaphandle komnotho kwabansundu.
[[File:Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg|thumb|Isithombe esisemthethweni sikaMengameli uDonald Trump kusukela 2025]]
Umengameli uyinhloko yesizwe, unhloko yegatsha lokuphatha nomkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo. Umengameli ukhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka emine. Kuvumelike ngokomthetho ukuthi ahlale akhethwe ukuhlala ebunkundleni kabili kuphela. Makundlula iminyaka eyine, izakhamuzi ezikhulileyo zikhetha abameli bezinhlangano ukuthi bakhethe umenganeli njengamalunga yeNhlangano Yokhetho. Izifundazwe zihletshulelwane izihlalo kulomhlangano ngobukhulu benani labahlali. Kepha loluhlelo lubunjwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifundazwe ezinganabantu abaningi ukuthi bathole izihlalo. Lokho kuzinikeza ithonya elindlula ubukhulu benani lazo. Nakuba amalunga alomhlangano avumelelike ukukhetha namuni, isiko siphoqela ukuthi bakhetha ikhandidethi yeqembu elikhethwe iningi lenani labahlali besifunda abasimeleyo. 

Umengameli ungena esikhundleni ngo-20 kaMasingane konyaka ngasemuva kokuphela kobukhundla komengameli ophumayo. Umengameli unegunya lokuqoka abongqongqoshe ngemvumo ye-Senate. Umengameli unamandla okulawula nokukhuza igatsha lokuphatha ngoba amandla okuphoqelela omthetho asezandleni zakhe. Lomsebenzi uwenza ngokusayina imiyalelo yokuphatha (executive orders). Kepha, lamandla akhawulwa umthetho oshayiwe i-Congress nezinqumo zegatsha lobulungiswa. Nakubo kunemikhawulo, uMengameli oneningi lamalunga weqembu lezombangazwe efana neyakhe ezindlini zimbili ze-Congress, unethonya lokungenisa imithetho ehambelana nezinhloso zomkhankaso akhe. Ngohamba kwesikhathi uMengameli ugodle amandla andayo, isibonelo: ukuthuma amajoni ezizweni zangaphandle nakuba i-Congress ingaka memezi impi kulesosizwe. 
[[File:United States Capitol west front edit2.jpg|thumb|Isakhiwo Capitol, isihlalo sesishayamthetho saseMelika]]
i-Congress iyisishayamthetho saseMelika. Indlu yangaphezulu, i-Senate inamalunga ayi-100. Izifundazwe zonke zinekwa amalunga amabili kuphela. Lamalunga amela iqembu lezombangazwe ethile. Futhi akhethwa izakhamuzi. Kuthethwa ihafu yamalunga e-Senate emuva kweminyaka eyintathu. Amalunga e-Senate ahlala iminyaka emibili esikhundleni kepha kuvumelekile ukuthi akhethwe kaningi; akunamkhawulo isibalo sezikhathi amalunga e-Senate angakhethwa ngayo. i-Senate inemandla okunquma imivumelwano nezinye izizwe ukuthi zibe inxenye yomthetho jikelele waseMelika. I-Senate inamandla okugweba Umengameli icala ukumkhipha esikhundlweni. Nakuba imigqubo nophenyo yayiqalwa, aboMengameli abandlule kulomcimbi baphunyuke ngokwehla esikhundleni (uRichard Nixon) noma ukungabikho kweningi lamalunga ukuthi axhase ukuxoshwa kaMengameli (isibonelo: uDonald Trump). 

iGunga yabaMelibezwe (i-House of Representatives), ikhethwa izakhamuzi. Amaqembu ezombangazwe anikezwa izihlalo ezilingana nezifunda zokhetho lapho athola iningi lamavoti khona. Imithetho wentelo nezimali kufanelwe ingeniswr futhi ivunyelwe iGunga yabaMelibezwe. Iningi yemithetho kufanelwe ivunyelwe lezizindlu zimbili. Ngokungafani nezinye izizwe, iMelika inamaqembu ezombangazwe ezimbili kuphela: i-Democratic Party ne-Republican Party. Futhi, lamaqembu madala: ama-Democrats asungulwe ngo-1828 futhi ama-Republican asungulwe ngo-1854. Kusukela 2024 osesikhundleni sobumengameli nguDonald Trump we-Republican Party.

=== Ezokuvikela ===
[[File:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) underway in the Atlantic Ocean on 9 October 2022 (221009-N-TL968-1248).JPG|thumb|Isithwalandiza Gerald R. Ford, umkhumbi wezempi ondlula yonke imikhumbi yempi emhlabeni wonke]]
Amabutho Ahlomileyo ase-Melika (United States Armed Forces) andlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni ngamandla. Inezindleko eziyizigidintathu ezi-1.15$ ezindlula izizwe ezingamashumi amabili ezilandelayo zihlangene. iMelika inezikhali zenuzi eziyi-1,744. iMelika yisizwe esisodwa emlandweni womhlaba wonke oqumise izikhali zenuzi esizweni esinye ngesikhathi sempi ngo-1945 emadolobheni wase-Nagasaki nase-Hiroshima e-Japan. iMelika ikhona ukuciba izikhali zenuzi ngamagatsha amathathu: obhakabhakeni, olwandleni nasemhlabeni. iMelika inemikhumbi yempi eyi-292. Futhi inemikhumbi izithwalandiza zenuzi ezi-11 nemikhumbi yangaphansi kwamanzi ehamba ngenuzi eyi-68, isibalo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika ikhanda izikhali ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Futhi izinga lobucwepheshe ekukhandweni kwezikhali kuholela ekutheni iMelika ikhanda izinhlobo zezikhali nempahla yempi esebenze emkhathini, ebhakabhakeni, emhlabeni naselwandleni. iMelika ithekelisa izikhali eziletha intelo eyizigidigidi eziyi-13.512$ (indlula izizwe zonke kangangokuthi iqoqa 43% yentelo yazonke izikhali ezikhandwa emhlabeni wonke).
[[File:The Pentagon, Headquarters of the US Department of Defense (cropped2).jpg|thumb|i-Pentagon, isakhiwo sohlelo lwenxanhlanu, isihlalo soMnyango wezeMpi]]
Umkhuzi jikelele waseMelika nguMengameli. i-Joint Chiefs of Staff, ingumkhandlu wabakhuzi abaphakeme bamagatsha wamabutho ahlomileyo. Lomkhandlu uboniselana nohulumeni futhi obhekane nezindaba zezinsuku zamabutho. Umnyango weMpi (owawuwaziwa Umyango wezokuVikela) uqhasha abasebenzi namajoni onke. Ngokuqhasha abantu abandlula izingidi eziyintathu, Umnyango wezokuVikela ungumqhashi omkhulu ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. iMelika inezinkambi zamabutho ezi-800 ezizweni eziyi-80. Futhi iMelika inezikambu zamabuthi zangaphesheya ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni zinhlangene ngobuningi.

=== Ezobundlelwanenezizwe ===
[[File:Midtown Manhattan Skyline 004 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isihlalo senhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene, eDolobheni laseNew York]]
iMelika inobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-190. iMelika inezitha zokuqala nezizwe zase-Iran, iNyakatho Khoriya, iSiriya, [[iRashiya]], iKhiyubha, ne-[[IShayina|Shayina]]. iMelika iyilunga lisungula lezinhlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, kakhulu: [[IZizwe Ezihlangene]], Inhlangano Yomvumelwano yaseNyakatho Atlantiki, i-G7, Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlabawonke, iBhange Yomhlaba, Isikhwama Sezizwezonke, Inhlangano Yokusebenzisana Ngokomnotho neNtuthuko, Inhlangano Yezizwezonke Yesidlakalasi Sochwe. iMelika iyilunga ehlala unomphela yoMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa. iMelika inethonya ethambile neqinile endlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Isebenzisa amasiko nobuciko ukuheha izizwe nomnotho namabutho ukuphoqelela intando yayo.

iMelika iqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekile emanzini olwandle avulekele izizwezonke. Ngokuba iMelika yayihlasele izizwe eziningi emlandweni wayo (isib. iVietnam, iLaos, iKhambodiya, i-Iraq, iLibhiya, i-Afghanistani, iPhanama) futhi imenule imibuso eminingi kakhulu eShiya naseNingizimu Melika (isib. i-Iran, iKhiyubha, iGwatemala, iTshile, iBrazili), futhi ihlome isivinjelo esizweni sase-Khiyubha nokuthi ivalele izizwe ezingi ngaphandle kwemikhakha eminingi ohwebeni nasomnothweni emhlaba (''sanctions''), iMelika igxekwa ezinye izizwe nezakhamuzi zayo. Futhi, ngokuba iMelika izisalelisile ngaphandle kweNkantolo Yezizwezonke Yobugebenu, amacala eminingi wezakhamuzi nabaholi bayo ababandakanyeke ebuxhaphazweni kamalungelo abantu abashushiwa futhi abajeziswa ngendlela izizwe ezimpofu kakhulu zase-Afrika ziphathwa ngayo. Emuva kokuphela kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlabawonke, iMelika iphakamise ukuzimela kwezizwe, ukuhweba nezinye izizwe nokwanda kwentandoyeningi, nohlelo lobudlelwane ezizwe olusekelwe ngumthetho. Kepha ngenxa yezigameko ezifana nokuxhasa ababusi abacindezela izakhamuzi zayo, leziziphakamiso ziyosolwa kwezinye izigaba. Nakuba kunjalo, esikhathini kokudilika kweBumbano yamaSoviyethi izizwe eziningi zithuthukile okomnotho futhi kwande intandoyeningi.

== Ezomnotho ==
[[File:View of Empire State Building from Rockefeller Center New York City dllu (cropped).jpg|thumb|Umumodolobha wase iManhattan, inxenye ledolobha lase-New York, idolobha elindlula wonke amadolobha ngomkhiqizo]]
iMelika inomnotho osezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. iMelika inomkhiqizo ohlangene wonyaka oyizigidintathu ezi-29.18$. Ngobusobala umkhiqizo okomnotho waseMelika undlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Kepha, makuqhathaniswa amandla okuthenga ngaphakathi kwezizwe, iMelika indlulwa iShayina. iMelika inokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu wezi-$ 89,860. Ngaphandle kwezizwe ezincane, iMelika indlula izizwe zonke ngokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu. iMali yaseMelika, iDola (USD) isetshenziswa ohwebeni nomthengiselwano ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni (80% yemithengiselwano ngaphankathi kwezizwe ihamba ngamaDola). 

Uhlelo lezomnotho laseMelika kuhamba ngokuhweba okukhululekile olunemikhawulo emincane. Futhi, kukholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele bazimele emikhakheni eminingi yempilo. Ngakho ke, eMelika kuvunyelwa ukuthi abaqhashi baxoshe abasebenzi kalula, izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqeleli imivikelo yamalungelo wabasebenzi ngendlela eqhathaniseka nabalingani be-Melika ngokuthuthuka kakhulu e-Yurophu. Nakuba mayilinganiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ayibizeli intelo eningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi iMelika ayineza imivikelo yomphakathi efana nezintanga zayo eziningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi nakuba kukhona izinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicare ne-Social Security, abantu kufanele bathembele ekongeni kwemali nokuzitshaleli umholo wabo emapenshinini (isib. i-401K). Iningi labasebenzi baseMelika abekho emibumbanweni yabasebenzi. Izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqi ukuthi abasebenzi banikezwe izinsuku zekhefu (isib. ikhefu nxakubeletha) ngaphandle kampelasonto namaholide. Nakuba ubugqili bungasavumelekile, iziboshwa zingaphoqelelwa ukusebenza njengesijeziso sokugwetshelwa icala.

iMelika inemikhakha yomnotho eminingi. iMelika inothile ngomhlaba  kakhulu ngoba ikhiqiza amafutha andlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Futhi iMelika ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wegolide, usokhele, insimbi, izenke nomophobo. iMelika inobuningi bomhlaba ovundile ondlula izizwe zonke, ngakho ikhiqiza izitshalelwa ezindlula izizwe zonke mazihlangene, kakhulu amaqobolondo wesoya (amabhontshisi wesoya), izihlamvu zamafutha, izintelo, umbila, ukolweni, imifino, ubisi nemikhiqizo yawo, nenyama. 

iMelika inomkhakha wamasevisi ondlula izizwe zonke. Inamankampani wobucwepeshe amakhulu kakhulu abizwa Isikhombisa Esiyisimangaliso: Meta (Facebook), Alphabet (Google, YouTube), Amazon, Nvidia, Microsoft, Apple, ne-Tesla. iMelika inomkhakha wezokuphathamali ondlula izizwe zonke. Amabhange amakhulu yilawa: JP Morgan Chase, Goldman-Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup kanye neWells Fargo. Futhi, iMelika inezinkampani ezimbili ezilekela ukuthengiselwana ngobusimanje manje kakhulu amakhasi: Visa ne-Mastercard. iMelika inomkhakha ezobungcebeleka ondlula izizwe zonke. Kakhulu umkhakha wamafilimu eMelika, ominyenwe eHollywood, inxenye yedolobha iLos Angeles, indlula izizwe zonke zomhlaba ngomholo. Futhi iphethe izinkampani ezinkulu kulomkhakha: Disney, Netflix, Comcast, kanye ne-Paramount (kakhulu ngokuthenga i-Warner Bros. Discovery). iMelika ikhande abosomgidigidi abandlula izizwe zonke: 989 futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibumbe usomgidintathu wokuqala emlwandweni womhlaba wonke: u-Elon Musk.

iMelika ifeze lokuthuthuka nokubuso omnothweni ngenxa yezinsiza ezimbalwa: ukunotha komhlaba, izikhungo eziqinile, inani yabantu efunde ezingeni eliphezulu, ukunqoba izifo eziningi ezibhubhisa abasha, uhwebo okhululekile, nokuqamba izinguxa ezintsha sha ezimqoka esimanjemanjeni, namandla empi okuphoqelela izinhloso zayo. iMelika iqambe kokuqala lezizinguxa nezinhlelo zobucwepesha: [[uxhakaxholo]], [[IsiCikizi|isicikizi]], isikhanyiso [[amazuba|sombani]], [[iNdiza|indiza]], izubela lesiphemba, futhi [[isikhali senuzi]]. iMelika inesimo sezingqalasizinda esithuthuke kakhulu: uhleloxhumano lwemigwaqo okushesha olundlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni, izitheku zempahla kakhulu zase-New York nase-Los Angeles, inani lezikhululo zezindiza ezindlula izizwe zonke isib., i-Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, i-Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, ne-O'Hare International Airport. iMelika inezinkampani zezindiza ezinethonya kakhulu isib. Delta, American, Southwest ne-United.

Umbani waseMelika uqhamuka emithombini embalwa: izivuthisi zentshicwa (isib. amalahle namafutha, amamoya emvelo 82%), amandla avuselelekayo (isib. ilanga, umoya, amanzi 10%), amandla enuzi (8%).
==Ezezibalozabantu==
iMelika inenani labantu elindlula izigidi eziyi-386, elesithathu emhlabeni ngasemuva kwe [[iNdiya]] kanye [[iShayina]]. Ngenxa yobukhulu bobungakho bendawo ayinabo ubuminywana kwabantu obuningi. Kepha, lokhu kufihla ukuthi iningi labalihlali lihlala emadolobheni: 83% yabantu. Amadolobha amakhulu: i-New York, [[Chicago]], Los Angeles, [[Miami, Florida|Miami]], Houston, Dallas, Philadelphia, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]], Atlanta nase-Boston. Izifundazwe ezinenani labahlali ziyi: [[California]], [[Texas]], New York, [[Florida]], [[Pennsylvania]], kanye ne-Illinois. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Amadolobha amakhulu aseMelika
|-
!#
!Igama
!Indawo
!Inani
|-
|1
|New York
|Nyakatho-Mpumalanga
|20,112,448
|-
|2
|Los Angeles
|Ntshonalanga
|12,844,441
|-
|3
|Chicago
|Mpakathi-Ntshonalanga
|9,434,123
|-
|4
|Dallas-Fort Worth
|Ningizimu
|8,477,157
|-
|5
|Houston
|Ningizimu
|7,904,627
|-
|6
|Atlanta
|Ningizimu
|6,482,182
|-
|7
|Washington D.C.
|Ningizimu
|6,465,724
|-
|8
|Miami
|Ningizimu
|6,391,072
|-
|9
|Philadelphia
|Nyakatho-Mpumalanga
|6,329,118
|-
|10
|Phoenix
|Ntshonalanga
|5,228,938
|}
Nakuba [[isiNgisi]] siwulimi likazwelonke, iMelika ayinawo ulimi okomthetho njengezinye izizwe. Nakuba kunjalo isiNgisi sikhulunywa njengelimi elincelwa ebeleni futhi ekuyilimi lodwa elikhulunywa ngabantu aba-78%. Nakuba 22% lenani labantu likhuluma eminye olimi, wonke umuntu ohlala eMelika usazi nakancane isiNgisi. Ulimi olwesibili ngenani labantu abakukhulumayo [[IsiSpeyini|isiSpaniya]] olukhulunywa kakhulu eNingizimu. Ngenxa yokwamkela abafuduki abaningi, kunezilimi eziku-400 ezikhulunywa eMelika. Ngenxa yokuthunjwa, abansundu abokhokho babo abebayizigqili balahlekelwe izilimi zabo zomdabo zase-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]. Nakuba kunjalo, abansundu baseMelika baqambe inhlobo yesiNgisi esihlukile kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Futhi, kunabakhuluma izinhlobo zesiSpaniya nesiFulentshi ezithintwe izilimi zase-Afrika. Abantu bomdabu baseMelika banciphe ngenani kangangokuthi bambalwa abasele ngenxa yokuhlalselwa, ukucindezelwa, ukubulawa nokuthelelewa amagcinwane nezifo zase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] ngabamhlophe. Kungakho nakuba imvelaphi yabo iseMelika, bambalwa ababomdabu abasele. Kukhona abagcinile amasiko nezilimi zabo kakhulu isiNavajo. Futhi, kunemikhankaso okulondoloza nokudlondlobalisa izilimi zomdabu. 

iMelika yakhiwe esisekelweni sobandlululo okwehlanga. Ngenxa yalokhu kunokuhlukaniswa ngokwehlanga okuqinile. Lokho luholela ekutheni kubezinhlanga ezimbalwa: abamhlophe (abaqhamuka eYurophu kakhulu [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eBhulithani]] [[iJalimani|naseJalimani]]; 60%), abansundu (kakhulu abaqhamuka eNtshonalanga Afrika; 12%), amaSpaniya noma amaLathini (18%), [[I-Eshiya|nabase-Eshiya]] (5%). Izigidi ezi-48 zabantu zibuya ezizweni zangaphandle (14% yabantu).
[[File:US Population pyramid 2026.png|thumb|Ipilamidi yabantu ekhombisa inani yezigaba zabantu ngobudala nagobulili]]
Ngenxa yemfundo, ukuzimela okwemali, umncintisano ezemfundo nomsebenzi, izinsiza zokuvimba ukumitha, nokhululeka ekuzinqumeleni kwabesifazane, ukuzalwa kwabantu kuyancipha: kusukela u-2026 ngakujwayelekile owesifazane uzala abantwana abayi-1.62 (11 yamasana azalwayo kwenkulungwaneni yabantu). Lokhu kuthusa osozibalozabantu abaxwayisa ukuthi abasha baseMelika bazothwala kanzima ukunakekela abadala nokukhokha intelo enele ukuxhasa abadala. iMelika inconywana ukundlula ezinye ezizwe ezithuthukile ngoba unobukhono okuheha abafuduki. Kepha ucwaningo ukhombisa ukuthi umkhuba okuzala kwabafuduki ugcina ufana nezakhamuzi ezizelwe. iMelika ivuma ukuthi nayiphi ingane ezalwe eMelika ithola ubuzakhamuzi (ngaphandle kwaleyo ezalwe inxusa yesisinye esizwe). Kubikezelwa ukuthi lesimo sizobanga ukuncipha kwenani labantu kuqala ngo-2056.
{{Multiple image|total_width=400|image1=Washington National Cathedral Looking SE.jpg|caption1=Inhlokosonto kaZwelonke laseWashington lebandla lama-Anglican lobuKristu|image2=Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (54960815718).jpg|caption2=isiKhungo sobuCwepheshe saseMassachusetts, eBoston, esiyinyuvesi ehamba phambili ezokungcikisha/ezobunjinyela emhlabeni wonke|image3=Texas medical center sundown.jpg|caption3=i-Texas Medical Centre, isibhedlele esindlula izibhedlela zezizwe zonke ngobukhulu nangocwaningo ezempilo}}

Isiguquko sokuqala somthethosisekelo silondoloza ilungelo labantu ukuzikholela into ebayifunayo nokungavinjwa ekwenzeni kwamasiko neminqubi yaleyonkolo. [[UbuKristu]] bukholelwa abantu aba-64%. Lokhu kwenza iMelika inani labaKristu elokuqala emhlabeni ngobuningi. Kulandela 24% yabantu abangazibandakanyi ezinkolweni, be kusala ezinye izinkolo: UbuJuda, ubuHindu, UbuSulemani kanye nobuBhuda. 

iMelika ihamba phambile ezimfundweni eziphakeme emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba inezinkinga ngokufunda kwabantwana kakhulu mayiqhatanyiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ikhiqize abosonzululwazi, nabosocwepheshe abaqambe izinguxa ezintsha sha futhi. Futhi, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zihloniphekile kakhulu i-Harvard, i-Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), i-Yale, i-California Technical Institute (Caltech), i-Stanford, i-Princeton, iNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley nase-Los Angeles. Imfundo ephakeme eMelika ibiza kakhulu ngokwemali. Lokho kuholela ukuthi abafundi baboleke izimali eziningi. iMelika ithwala isiboleko sezemfundo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika inobucwaningo ezempilo obundlula izizwe zonke. iMelika ikhiqiza izinhlobo zezinsiza zokulapha ezihamba phambili. Abosonzululwazi baseMelika baqambe umuthi wesimanje wokulalisa umuntu makazohlinzwa, inalidi embhaxambili yokushabalalisa i-smallpox, iguxa yokulawula ukushesha kokushaya kwenhliziyo. Izindleko zaseMelika ezempilo zindlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni kepha imiphumela yezempilo ingaphansi kwezintanga zayo nezinye izimpofu. Lokhu kubangiswa ukuthi umkhakha wezempilo kakhulu izibhedlela nezikhungo zokulatshwa iningi lazo ziphethwe umkhakha wangasese. Lokho kubanga ukuthi ezempilo zibize kakhulu. Futhi, iMelika ayinawo uhlelo lokukokhekhela wonke umuntu izidingo zokulatshwa. iMedicare iyisikhwama sikazwelonke esikhokhela okuthile. Kepha izikhwama zangasese zifuneka ukugcwalisa lokhu okushodayo.
==Ezesiko==
===Ezokudla===
{{Multiple image|total_width=400|image1=BBQ Food.jpg|caption1=Inhlobo yeshisanyama|image2=Soul Food at Powell's Place.jpg|caption2=i-''Soul food'' ukudla kwabansundu obuhlanganisa ubu-Afrika nombumdabo baseMelika}}
iMelika inezinhlobo eziningi zokudla. Ngaphambu kokufika kwabamhlophe, abomdabu bebadla imifino nezithelo ezikhiqizwe kumhlaba ngokwemvelo njengama-''chestnut'', umxozongo (artichoke), ''acorn'', ''pawpaw'',ilayisi yangasendle. Futhi bebazingela izinyamazane ezifana nezinyathi zaseMelika (i-''bison'') ne-''elk'' noma i-''carabou''. Futhi, bebafuya izilwane zokudla kakhulu igalkuni (i-''turkey''). iMelika inezinhlobo zamajikijolo omdabu ayo: ''blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, serviceberries'' nama-''elderberries''. Lamajikijolo adlilwa enjalo noma ayaphekwa. Amacabunga wemithi yama-''pine'' wayebiliswa ngamanzi ukuthi aphezelwe ukulaphisa noma ukuvikela izifo.

Ngokufikwa kwabadlibezwe (abokhokho babamhlophe) kwalethwa izinhlobo zemifino yezizwe zangaphandle: ulabha (''turnip''), umkleshe (''spinach''),intshongwe (''carrot''). Ngenxa yokuthunjwa nokulethwa eMelika ngemphoqo, abansundu balethe imifino yase Afrika: igombo (''okra''), igode (''yam''), umqoqo wamahlo amnyama (''black eyed peas'') nokunye. Futhi, ukudla okwakujwayelekile eMekisiko naselizwekazini laseNingizimu Melika njengamazambane, intshelane/itamati, nama-''avocado'' azile nawo. Imfuyo efana nezinkomo, izingulube izimbuzi, izimvu nayo ize ngenxa yabadlibezwe.

Ngokuhlangana kwabantu kaqanjwa izinhlobo zokudla ezihlanganyelene neMelika: isinkwa sombila (i-''cornbread''), amakhekhe (''biscuits''), umdoko (''grits''), inyama yegalkuni. Abafudukele eMelika balethe ukudlwa kwakibo njenge-''pizza'' (evela eTaliya), amabhega (''hamburgers'' evela [[iJalimani|eJalimani]]), ama-''hotdog'' (evela eJalimani), ama-doughnut (evela eJalimani). Ubuningi bezinhlobo zezilwane zaselwandle kuholele ekutheni imfanzi (''prawn''/''shrimp''), isikhuphashe (''lobster''), izimbata (''abalone''), ukhwathu (''oyster''). BaseMelika bathanda inyama ewosiwe kakhulu ephekwe ngentuthu (''barbecue'') futhi kudliwa inyama ewomisiwe (''jerky''). 

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamafutha amaningi, ushukela obuningi, nokuphakelwa ngobukhulu, iMelika inenkinga yokukhulupha obuyingozi. Futhi, iMelika inobukhuluphala obundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Lokho kuvela ekutheni iMelika ikhiqiza ukudla okuningi, ukudla kutholakala kalula, kunamakhemikhali afakwa ekudleni ukuthi ungaboli, ukuguqula [[isifuzisi]] sokudla ukuze kunone, kwande futhi kuvikeleke ezifeni kanye nokufaka imfuyo imithi ekuthi inone ingaguli lokho kungena ekudleni. Ubungalingani, kakhulu ubandlululo kubansundu okuhohela ukuthi kubenzima ukuthola imifino noma ukudla okuphelele kuzala ukukhuluphala kulowomphakhathi kanye nezizathu ezazishiwo.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>122036</id>
      <parentid>122024</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T10:01:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umzabalazi</username>
        <id>25813</id>
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      <comment>ngandise isingeniso</comment>
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      <text bytes="27743" sha1="1ho72hxcrda87lzizhj0ucwhpxoqak7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe|igama=iMelika|igama_ivamile=America|igama_ikhulu=United States of America|ifulegi=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|image_coat=Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|isaga_wesizwe=&quot;Sithemba kuNkulunkulu&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''In God We Trust''&quot; (isiNgisi)&lt;br&gt; &quot;Ebuningini, munye&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;''E pluribus unum''&quot; (isiLatini)|inkondlo_wesizwe=Isibhengezo Esifafazwe Ngezinkanyezi&lt;br&gt;''Star Spangled Banner'' (isiNgisi)|inhlokodolobha=Washington DC|izilimi=[[IsiNgisi]]|idolobha_elikhulu=[[New York]]|ibalazwe=USA orthographic.svg|abantu=Ummelika, Amamelika|ubukhulu_km2=9833520|iphesenti_lamanzi=7%|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa=341,784,857|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka=2025|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma=lwesithathu|ixuku_labantu_km2=97.4|ixuku_labantu_ukuma=lwesi-180|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Umbusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi yokhetho nomengameli okhethwa ngabantu nqo ongaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=Umengameli|umongameli_igama1=[[Donald Trump]]|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isekela likaMengameli|umongameli_igama2=J.D. Vance|umongameli_isithakazo3=Umehluleli Omkhulu|umongameli_igama3=John Roberts|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Isimemezo sobuzimela|usuku_isehlakalo1=4 kaNhlangulana 1776|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Umfelandawonye|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaNdasa 1781|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Umthethosisekelo|usuku_isehlakalo3=4 kaNdasa 1789|imali=iDola laseMelika (USD/$)}}

[[iMelika]] (ngokomthetho: Izifundazwe Ezibumbene zaseMelika; [[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United States of America'', ngokumfushane: ''America'') liyisizwe onyakathweni lwelizwekazini elithatha igama layo kuyona: iNyakatho Melika. Izungezwe [[iKhanada]] ngasenyakatho (umgcele omude ukundlula imigcele yonke emhlabeni engavikelwanga), iLwandle lase-Atlantiki ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Mekisiko (isingeniso seLwandle lase-Karibi kusukela 2024, [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]] uguqule leligama kuLwandle lase-Melika)  ngaseningizimu mpumalanga, [[iMekisiko]] ngaseningizimu neLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngasentshonalanga. Isifundazwe sase-Alaska (esindlula izifundazwe zonke zeMelika ngobungakho bendawo) lisenyakatho ntshonalanga leNyakatho Melika. Sizungezwe iKhanada ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngaseningizimu, iLwandle lase-Arctic ngasenyakatho, neRashiya entshonalanga ngaphesheya komcingo wase-Beringi. Isifundazwe sase-Hawaii siselwandleni Pasifiki kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezingaphansi kwaseMelika iGuam, iSamowa yase-Melika, Iziqhingi zaseNyakatho Mariana. eLwandleni lase-Karibi, kuneziqhingi ezingaphansi kweMelika: i-Puerto Rico nama-American Virgin Islands.

Kusukela umandulo, kwakuhlala abantu bomdabu abavela e-[[Eshiya]]. Abantu bomdabu bebazingela izinyanamaze, bafuya izilwane, bahlala emizini enezinkulungwane zabantu. Ngezi-1600, kufike uChristopher Columbus nebaphelezeli bakhe, ethunya iNdlovukazi yasePhotugali, u-Isabela. Emuva kwalokho kwafika ama-Puritan ngomkhumbi we-Mayflower, inhlobo yabaKristu abakholwe ukuthi iNgilandi yayiphambukile ebuKristini. iNkampani yaseBhulithane yeNyakatho Melika isungule amakoloni eMelika esikhathini sikaNdlovukazi waseNgilandi, uElizabeth II (ewaziwa ngesithakazo sikaElizabeth iTshitshi). 

Ngokudlela abomdabu umhlaba, amaNgisi asungule amakoloni amashumi nantathu ogwini lwasempumalanga. Futhi, uMbuso waseFulansi usungule ikoloni lasempakathi lase-Louisiana. Amakoloni amathathu avukele iNgilandi ngezi-1780 eMpini Yobuzimela yaseMelika. iMelika yayixhaswe iFulansi kulempi. iMelika yandise ubungakho bendawo ngokuthenga i-Louisiana ngoba inkosi yamaFulentshi yayibhekane nezinkinga eziningi ekhaya. Ngenxa yenkolelo ye-Manifest Destiny, iMelika inqobe izindawo zasentshonalanga. iMelika yalwa noMbuso Wokuqala waseMekisiko ukuhlephula ikoloni laseKhalifoniya ngasegwini lelwandle i-Pasifiki. iMelika futhi yavumela Umbusobala waseTexas ukuthu ingene eMelika. iMelika inqobe Umbuso waseHawayi owawungaphansi kweNdlovukazi uLiliʻuokalani. 

iMelika iphinde yanqoba iziqhingi emilwandleni yaseKaribi nase-Eshiya, njenge-Filipinzi ne-Puerto Rico. Futhi iMelika ihlasele isiqhingi saseKhiyubha elwandleni lwaseKaribi. AbaseFilipinzi balwele ubuzimela kwabo. iNingi lesikhathi lempi yokuqala yomhlabawonke, iMelika yayingathathi ihlangothi ngaphandle kwasekugcineni lapho ixhasa Abamfelandawonye.

== Ezombusazwe ==
[[File:Constitution of the United States, page 1.jpg|thumb|Ikhasi lokuqala lomthethosisekelo yaseMelika]]
iMelika ibuswa ngohlelokubusa okuhamba ngombusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi ongaphansi komthethosisekelo. Uhlelokulawula wase-Melika uyisibonelo esithonye umumo wezinhlelo zokulawula zezinye izizwe emhlabeni. Uhlelo lwezombusazwe waseMelika wakhiwe esisekelweni sentandoyeningi yase-Bhulithani kepha ifulathela ubukhosi balesosizwe.  Umthethosisekelo olungene emthethweni ngo-21 kaNdasa 1789. Nakuba umthethosisekelo uguqulwe kayi-27, umumo kahulumeni kazwelonke usafana nasikhathi usungulwa ngayo:

* Isishayamthetho: i-Congress enezindluzimbili: i-Senate (indlu yangaphezulu emele izifundazwe ngokulingana) nesiGunga yabaMelisizwe (indlu yangaphansi emelwe abantu besisizwe sonke)
* Sokuphatha: Umengameli okhethwe iNhlangano Yokhetho (i-Electoral College) oqoka abonqgongqoshe abangamalunga weKhabinethi
* Sobulungiswa: iNkantolo ePhakeme nezinkantolo ezihlukene zikazwelonke.

Amandla okubusa ahletshulelwane ngaphakathi kwezifundazwe nohulumeni kazwelonke. Izifundazwe zinamandla okuziphathi kuyonke imikhakha engagcinelwangwa uhulumeni kazwelonke. Nakuba, izifundazwe zinemithethosisekelo zabo, Umthethosisekelo uphezu kwayo yonke. Futhi, umthethosisekelo uyalela ukuthi imihulumeni uezifundazwe kufanele ihambe ngohlelo wombusobala wentandoyeningi yokhetho. Uhlaka wezigatsha zintathu eziqaphelanayo, lumqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ahletshulwe ngendlela ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kubuswa ngentandoyeningi. Isikhathi eside somlando weMelika yesimanje, abansundu abathunjwe e-Afrika abayizigqili, babenganawo ubuzakhamuzi. Emuva kweMpi Yezakhamuzi YaseMelika (eqalwe ngenxa yokuphikisana ngaphakathi kwezihlongithi zezifundazwe zaseNyakatho nohulumeni kazwelonke nehlangothi lezifundazwe zaseningizimu mayelana amalungelo ezifundazwe kakhulu okuziqumela mayelana ubugqili), abansundu banikezwe ubuzakhamuzi. Ngephoxeko, bekunobandlululo kubansundu. Lomnqubongongomo wemithetho ka-Jim Crow nesikhathi sokwakhakabusha (i-Reconstruction) uholele ekungalinganini ngaphakhathi kwezihlanga zabamhlophe nabansundu. Ngezi-1960, abansundu banikezwe amalungelo alinganayo nabamhlophe kepha kusanobungalingani obungekho nqo emthethweni kodwa obusalele ngenxa yemikhulu yeminyaka yokucindezelwa nokuvalelwa ngaphandle komnotho kwabansundu.
[[File:Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg|thumb|Isithombe esisemthethweni sikaMengameli uDonald Trump kusukela 2025]]
Umengameli uyinhloko yesizwe, unhloko yegatsha lokuphatha nomkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo. Umengameli ukhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka emine. Kuvumelike ngokomthetho ukuthi ahlale akhethwe ukuhlala ebunkundleni kabili kuphela. Makundlula iminyaka eyine, izakhamuzi ezikhulileyo zikhetha abameli bezinhlangano ukuthi bakhethe umenganeli njengamalunga yeNhlangano Yokhetho. Izifundazwe zihletshulelwane izihlalo kulomhlangano ngobukhulu benani labahlali. Kepha loluhlelo lubunjwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifundazwe ezinganabantu abaningi ukuthi bathole izihlalo. Lokho kuzinikeza ithonya elindlula ubukhulu benani lazo. Nakuba amalunga alomhlangano avumelelike ukukhetha namuni, isiko siphoqela ukuthi bakhetha ikhandidethi yeqembu elikhethwe iningi lenani labahlali besifunda abasimeleyo. 

Umengameli ungena esikhundleni ngo-20 kaMasingane konyaka ngasemuva kokuphela kobukhundla komengameli ophumayo. Umengameli unegunya lokuqoka abongqongqoshe ngemvumo ye-Senate. Umengameli unamandla okulawula nokukhuza igatsha lokuphatha ngoba amandla okuphoqelela omthetho asezandleni zakhe. Lomsebenzi uwenza ngokusayina imiyalelo yokuphatha (executive orders). Kepha, lamandla akhawulwa umthetho oshayiwe i-Congress nezinqumo zegatsha lobulungiswa. Nakubo kunemikhawulo, uMengameli oneningi lamalunga weqembu lezombangazwe efana neyakhe ezindlini zimbili ze-Congress, unethonya lokungenisa imithetho ehambelana nezinhloso zomkhankaso akhe. Ngohamba kwesikhathi uMengameli ugodle amandla andayo, isibonelo: ukuthuma amajoni ezizweni zangaphandle nakuba i-Congress ingaka memezi impi kulesosizwe. 
[[File:United States Capitol west front edit2.jpg|thumb|Isakhiwo Capitol, isihlalo sesishayamthetho saseMelika]]
i-Congress iyisishayamthetho saseMelika. Indlu yangaphezulu, i-Senate inamalunga ayi-100. Izifundazwe zonke zinekwa amalunga amabili kuphela. Lamalunga amela iqembu lezombangazwe ethile. Futhi akhethwa izakhamuzi. Kuthethwa ihafu yamalunga e-Senate emuva kweminyaka eyintathu. Amalunga e-Senate ahlala iminyaka emibili esikhundleni kepha kuvumelekile ukuthi akhethwe kaningi; akunamkhawulo isibalo sezikhathi amalunga e-Senate angakhethwa ngayo. i-Senate inemandla okunquma imivumelwano nezinye izizwe ukuthi zibe inxenye yomthetho jikelele waseMelika. I-Senate inamandla okugweba Umengameli icala ukumkhipha esikhundlweni. Nakuba imigqubo nophenyo yayiqalwa, aboMengameli abandlule kulomcimbi baphunyuke ngokwehla esikhundleni (uRichard Nixon) noma ukungabikho kweningi lamalunga ukuthi axhase ukuxoshwa kaMengameli (isibonelo: uDonald Trump). 

iGunga yabaMelibezwe (i-House of Representatives), ikhethwa izakhamuzi. Amaqembu ezombangazwe anikezwa izihlalo ezilingana nezifunda zokhetho lapho athola iningi lamavoti khona. Imithetho wentelo nezimali kufanelwe ingeniswr futhi ivunyelwe iGunga yabaMelibezwe. Iningi yemithetho kufanelwe ivunyelwe lezizindlu zimbili. Ngokungafani nezinye izizwe, iMelika inamaqembu ezombangazwe ezimbili kuphela: i-Democratic Party ne-Republican Party. Futhi, lamaqembu madala: ama-Democrats asungulwe ngo-1828 futhi ama-Republican asungulwe ngo-1854. Kusukela 2024 osesikhundleni sobumengameli nguDonald Trump we-Republican Party.

=== Ezokuvikela ===
[[File:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) underway in the Atlantic Ocean on 9 October 2022 (221009-N-TL968-1248).JPG|thumb|Isithwalandiza Gerald R. Ford, umkhumbi wezempi ondlula yonke imikhumbi yempi emhlabeni wonke]]
Amabutho Ahlomileyo ase-Melika (United States Armed Forces) andlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni ngamandla. Inezindleko eziyizigidintathu ezi-1.15$ ezindlula izizwe ezingamashumi amabili ezilandelayo zihlangene. iMelika inezikhali zenuzi eziyi-1,744. iMelika yisizwe esisodwa emlandweni womhlaba wonke oqumise izikhali zenuzi esizweni esinye ngesikhathi sempi ngo-1945 emadolobheni wase-Nagasaki nase-Hiroshima e-Japan. iMelika ikhona ukuciba izikhali zenuzi ngamagatsha amathathu: obhakabhakeni, olwandleni nasemhlabeni. iMelika inemikhumbi yempi eyi-292. Futhi inemikhumbi izithwalandiza zenuzi ezi-11 nemikhumbi yangaphansi kwamanzi ehamba ngenuzi eyi-68, isibalo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika ikhanda izikhali ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Futhi izinga lobucwepheshe ekukhandweni kwezikhali kuholela ekutheni iMelika ikhanda izinhlobo zezikhali nempahla yempi esebenze emkhathini, ebhakabhakeni, emhlabeni naselwandleni. iMelika ithekelisa izikhali eziletha intelo eyizigidigidi eziyi-13.512$ (indlula izizwe zonke kangangokuthi iqoqa 43% yentelo yazonke izikhali ezikhandwa emhlabeni wonke).
[[File:The Pentagon, Headquarters of the US Department of Defense (cropped2).jpg|thumb|i-Pentagon, isakhiwo sohlelo lwenxanhlanu, isihlalo soMnyango wezeMpi]]
Umkhuzi jikelele waseMelika nguMengameli. i-Joint Chiefs of Staff, ingumkhandlu wabakhuzi abaphakeme bamagatsha wamabutho ahlomileyo. Lomkhandlu uboniselana nohulumeni futhi obhekane nezindaba zezinsuku zamabutho. Umnyango weMpi (owawuwaziwa Umyango wezokuVikela) uqhasha abasebenzi namajoni onke. Ngokuqhasha abantu abandlula izingidi eziyintathu, Umnyango wezokuVikela ungumqhashi omkhulu ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. iMelika inezinkambi zamabutho ezi-800 ezizweni eziyi-80. Futhi iMelika inezikambu zamabuthi zangaphesheya ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni zinhlangene ngobuningi.

=== Ezobundlelwanenezizwe ===
[[File:Midtown Manhattan Skyline 004 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isihlalo senhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene, eDolobheni laseNew York]]
iMelika inobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-190. iMelika inezitha zokuqala nezizwe zase-Iran, iNyakatho Khoriya, iSiriya, [[iRashiya]], iKhiyubha, ne-[[IShayina|Shayina]]. iMelika iyilunga lisungula lezinhlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, kakhulu: [[IZizwe Ezihlangene]], Inhlangano Yomvumelwano yaseNyakatho Atlantiki, i-G7, Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlabawonke, iBhange Yomhlaba, Isikhwama Sezizwezonke, Inhlangano Yokusebenzisana Ngokomnotho neNtuthuko, Inhlangano Yezizwezonke Yesidlakalasi Sochwe. iMelika iyilunga ehlala unomphela yoMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa. iMelika inethonya ethambile neqinile endlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Isebenzisa amasiko nobuciko ukuheha izizwe nomnotho namabutho ukuphoqelela intando yayo.

iMelika iqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekile emanzini olwandle avulekele izizwezonke. Ngokuba iMelika yayihlasele izizwe eziningi emlandweni wayo (isib. iVietnam, iLaos, iKhambodiya, i-Iraq, iLibhiya, i-Afghanistani, iPhanama) futhi imenule imibuso eminingi kakhulu eShiya naseNingizimu Melika (isib. i-Iran, iKhiyubha, iGwatemala, iTshile, iBrazili), futhi ihlome isivinjelo esizweni sase-Khiyubha nokuthi ivalele izizwe ezingi ngaphandle kwemikhakha eminingi ohwebeni nasomnothweni emhlaba (''sanctions''), iMelika igxekwa ezinye izizwe nezakhamuzi zayo. Futhi, ngokuba iMelika izisalelisile ngaphandle kweNkantolo Yezizwezonke Yobugebenu, amacala eminingi wezakhamuzi nabaholi bayo ababandakanyeke ebuxhaphazweni kamalungelo abantu abashushiwa futhi abajeziswa ngendlela izizwe ezimpofu kakhulu zase-Afrika ziphathwa ngayo. Emuva kokuphela kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlabawonke, iMelika iphakamise ukuzimela kwezizwe, ukuhweba nezinye izizwe nokwanda kwentandoyeningi, nohlelo lobudlelwane ezizwe olusekelwe ngumthetho. Kepha ngenxa yezigameko ezifana nokuxhasa ababusi abacindezela izakhamuzi zayo, leziziphakamiso ziyosolwa kwezinye izigaba. Nakuba kunjalo, esikhathini kokudilika kweBumbano yamaSoviyethi izizwe eziningi zithuthukile okomnotho futhi kwande intandoyeningi.

== Ezomnotho ==
[[File:View of Empire State Building from Rockefeller Center New York City dllu (cropped).jpg|thumb|Umumodolobha wase iManhattan, inxenye ledolobha lase-New York, idolobha elindlula wonke amadolobha ngomkhiqizo]]
iMelika inomnotho osezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. iMelika inomkhiqizo ohlangene wonyaka oyizigidintathu ezi-29.18$. Ngobusobala umkhiqizo okomnotho waseMelika undlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Kepha, makuqhathaniswa amandla okuthenga ngaphakathi kwezizwe, iMelika indlulwa iShayina. iMelika inokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu wezi-$ 89,860. Ngaphandle kwezizwe ezincane, iMelika indlula izizwe zonke ngokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu. iMali yaseMelika, iDola (USD) isetshenziswa ohwebeni nomthengiselwano ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni (80% yemithengiselwano ngaphankathi kwezizwe ihamba ngamaDola). 

Uhlelo lezomnotho laseMelika kuhamba ngokuhweba okukhululekile olunemikhawulo emincane. Futhi, kukholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele bazimele emikhakheni eminingi yempilo. Ngakho ke, eMelika kuvunyelwa ukuthi abaqhashi baxoshe abasebenzi kalula, izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqeleli imivikelo yamalungelo wabasebenzi ngendlela eqhathaniseka nabalingani be-Melika ngokuthuthuka kakhulu e-Yurophu. Nakuba mayilinganiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ayibizeli intelo eningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi iMelika ayineza imivikelo yomphakathi efana nezintanga zayo eziningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi nakuba kukhona izinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicare ne-Social Security, abantu kufanele bathembele ekongeni kwemali nokuzitshaleli umholo wabo emapenshinini (isib. i-401K). Iningi labasebenzi baseMelika abekho emibumbanweni yabasebenzi. Izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqi ukuthi abasebenzi banikezwe izinsuku zekhefu (isib. ikhefu nxakubeletha) ngaphandle kampelasonto namaholide. Nakuba ubugqili bungasavumelekile, iziboshwa zingaphoqelelwa ukusebenza njengesijeziso sokugwetshelwa icala.

iMelika inemikhakha yomnotho eminingi. iMelika inothile ngomhlaba  kakhulu ngoba ikhiqiza amafutha andlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Futhi iMelika ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wegolide, usokhele, insimbi, izenke nomophobo. iMelika inobuningi bomhlaba ovundile ondlula izizwe zonke, ngakho ikhiqiza izitshalelwa ezindlula izizwe zonke mazihlangene, kakhulu amaqobolondo wesoya (amabhontshisi wesoya), izihlamvu zamafutha, izintelo, umbila, ukolweni, imifino, ubisi nemikhiqizo yawo, nenyama. 

iMelika inomkhakha wamasevisi ondlula izizwe zonke. Inamankampani wobucwepeshe amakhulu kakhulu abizwa Isikhombisa Esiyisimangaliso: Meta (Facebook), Alphabet (Google, YouTube), Amazon, Nvidia, Microsoft, Apple, ne-Tesla. iMelika inomkhakha wezokuphathamali ondlula izizwe zonke. Amabhange amakhulu yilawa: JP Morgan Chase, Goldman-Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup kanye neWells Fargo. Futhi, iMelika inezinkampani ezimbili ezilekela ukuthengiselwana ngobusimanje manje kakhulu amakhasi: Visa ne-Mastercard. iMelika inomkhakha ezobungcebeleka ondlula izizwe zonke. Kakhulu umkhakha wamafilimu eMelika, ominyenwe eHollywood, inxenye yedolobha iLos Angeles, indlula izizwe zonke zomhlaba ngomholo. Futhi iphethe izinkampani ezinkulu kulomkhakha: Disney, Netflix, Comcast, kanye ne-Paramount (kakhulu ngokuthenga i-Warner Bros. Discovery). iMelika ikhande abosomgidigidi abandlula izizwe zonke: 989 futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibumbe usomgidintathu wokuqala emlwandweni womhlaba wonke: u-Elon Musk.

iMelika ifeze lokuthuthuka nokubuso omnothweni ngenxa yezinsiza ezimbalwa: ukunotha komhlaba, izikhungo eziqinile, inani yabantu efunde ezingeni eliphezulu, ukunqoba izifo eziningi ezibhubhisa abasha, uhwebo okhululekile, nokuqamba izinguxa ezintsha sha ezimqoka esimanjemanjeni, namandla empi okuphoqelela izinhloso zayo. iMelika iqambe kokuqala lezizinguxa nezinhlelo zobucwepesha: [[uxhakaxholo]], [[IsiCikizi|isicikizi]], isikhanyiso [[amazuba|sombani]], [[iNdiza|indiza]], izubela lesiphemba, futhi [[isikhali senuzi]]. iMelika inesimo sezingqalasizinda esithuthuke kakhulu: uhleloxhumano lwemigwaqo okushesha olundlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni, izitheku zempahla kakhulu zase-New York nase-Los Angeles, inani lezikhululo zezindiza ezindlula izizwe zonke isib., i-Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, i-Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, ne-O'Hare International Airport. iMelika inezinkampani zezindiza ezinethonya kakhulu isib. Delta, American, Southwest ne-United.

Umbani waseMelika uqhamuka emithombini embalwa: izivuthisi zentshicwa (isib. amalahle namafutha, amamoya emvelo 82%), amandla avuselelekayo (isib. ilanga, umoya, amanzi 10%), amandla enuzi (8%).
==Ezezibalozabantu==
iMelika inenani labantu elindlula izigidi eziyi-386, elesithathu emhlabeni ngasemuva kwe [[iNdiya]] kanye [[iShayina]]. Ngenxa yobukhulu bobungakho bendawo ayinabo ubuminywana kwabantu obuningi. Kepha, lokhu kufihla ukuthi iningi labalihlali lihlala emadolobheni: 83% yabantu. Amadolobha amakhulu: i-New York, [[Chicago]], Los Angeles, [[Miami, Florida|Miami]], Houston, Dallas, Philadelphia, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]], Atlanta nase-Boston. Izifundazwe ezinenani labahlali ziyi: [[California]], [[Texas]], New York, [[Florida]], [[Pennsylvania]], kanye ne-Illinois. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Amadolobha amakhulu aseMelika
|-
!#
!Igama
!Indawo
!Inani
|-
|1
|New York
|Nyakatho-Mpumalanga
|20,112,448
|-
|2
|Los Angeles
|Ntshonalanga
|12,844,441
|-
|3
|Chicago
|Mpakathi-Ntshonalanga
|9,434,123
|-
|4
|Dallas-Fort Worth
|Ningizimu
|8,477,157
|-
|5
|Houston
|Ningizimu
|7,904,627
|-
|6
|Atlanta
|Ningizimu
|6,482,182
|-
|7
|Washington D.C.
|Ningizimu
|6,465,724
|-
|8
|Miami
|Ningizimu
|6,391,072
|-
|9
|Philadelphia
|Nyakatho-Mpumalanga
|6,329,118
|-
|10
|Phoenix
|Ntshonalanga
|5,228,938
|}
Nakuba [[isiNgisi]] siwulimi likazwelonke, iMelika ayinawo ulimi okomthetho njengezinye izizwe. Nakuba kunjalo isiNgisi sikhulunywa njengelimi elincelwa ebeleni futhi ekuyilimi lodwa elikhulunywa ngabantu aba-78%. Nakuba 22% lenani labantu likhuluma eminye olimi, wonke umuntu ohlala eMelika usazi nakancane isiNgisi. Ulimi olwesibili ngenani labantu abakukhulumayo [[IsiSpeyini|isiSpaniya]] olukhulunywa kakhulu eNingizimu. Ngenxa yokwamkela abafuduki abaningi, kunezilimi eziku-400 ezikhulunywa eMelika. Ngenxa yokuthunjwa, abansundu abokhokho babo abebayizigqili balahlekelwe izilimi zabo zomdabo zase-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]. Nakuba kunjalo, abansundu baseMelika baqambe inhlobo yesiNgisi esihlukile kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Futhi, kunabakhuluma izinhlobo zesiSpaniya nesiFulentshi ezithintwe izilimi zase-Afrika. Abantu bomdabu baseMelika banciphe ngenani kangangokuthi bambalwa abasele ngenxa yokuhlalselwa, ukucindezelwa, ukubulawa nokuthelelewa amagcinwane nezifo zase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] ngabamhlophe. Kungakho nakuba imvelaphi yabo iseMelika, bambalwa ababomdabu abasele. Kukhona abagcinile amasiko nezilimi zabo kakhulu isiNavajo. Futhi, kunemikhankaso okulondoloza nokudlondlobalisa izilimi zomdabu. 

iMelika yakhiwe esisekelweni sobandlululo okwehlanga. Ngenxa yalokhu kunokuhlukaniswa ngokwehlanga okuqinile. Lokho luholela ekutheni kubezinhlanga ezimbalwa: abamhlophe (abaqhamuka eYurophu kakhulu [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eBhulithani]] [[iJalimani|naseJalimani]]; 60%), abansundu (kakhulu abaqhamuka eNtshonalanga Afrika; 12%), amaSpaniya noma amaLathini (18%), [[I-Eshiya|nabase-Eshiya]] (5%). Izigidi ezi-48 zabantu zibuya ezizweni zangaphandle (14% yabantu).
[[File:US Population pyramid 2026.png|thumb|Ipilamidi yabantu ekhombisa inani yezigaba zabantu ngobudala nagobulili]]
Ngenxa yemfundo, ukuzimela okwemali, umncintisano ezemfundo nomsebenzi, izinsiza zokuvimba ukumitha, nokhululeka ekuzinqumeleni kwabesifazane, ukuzalwa kwabantu kuyancipha: kusukela u-2026 ngakujwayelekile owesifazane uzala abantwana abayi-1.62 (11 yamasana azalwayo kwenkulungwaneni yabantu). Lokhu kuthusa osozibalozabantu abaxwayisa ukuthi abasha baseMelika bazothwala kanzima ukunakekela abadala nokukhokha intelo enele ukuxhasa abadala. iMelika inconywana ukundlula ezinye ezizwe ezithuthukile ngoba unobukhono okuheha abafuduki. Kepha ucwaningo ukhombisa ukuthi umkhuba okuzala kwabafuduki ugcina ufana nezakhamuzi ezizelwe. iMelika ivuma ukuthi nayiphi ingane ezalwe eMelika ithola ubuzakhamuzi (ngaphandle kwaleyo ezalwe inxusa yesisinye esizwe). Kubikezelwa ukuthi lesimo sizobanga ukuncipha kwenani labantu kuqala ngo-2056.
{{Multiple image|total_width=400|image1=Washington National Cathedral Looking SE.jpg|caption1=Inhlokosonto kaZwelonke laseWashington lebandla lama-Anglican lobuKristu|image2=Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (54960815718).jpg|caption2=isiKhungo sobuCwepheshe saseMassachusetts, eBoston, esiyinyuvesi ehamba phambili ezokungcikisha/ezobunjinyela emhlabeni wonke|image3=Texas medical center sundown.jpg|caption3=i-Texas Medical Centre, isibhedlele esindlula izibhedlela zezizwe zonke ngobukhulu nangocwaningo ezempilo}}

Isiguquko sokuqala somthethosisekelo silondoloza ilungelo labantu ukuzikholela into ebayifunayo nokungavinjwa ekwenzeni kwamasiko neminqubi yaleyonkolo. [[UbuKristu]] bukholelwa abantu aba-64%. Lokhu kwenza iMelika inani labaKristu elokuqala emhlabeni ngobuningi. Kulandela 24% yabantu abangazibandakanyi ezinkolweni, be kusala ezinye izinkolo: UbuJuda, ubuHindu, UbuSulemani kanye nobuBhuda. 

iMelika ihamba phambile ezimfundweni eziphakeme emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba inezinkinga ngokufunda kwabantwana kakhulu mayiqhatanyiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ikhiqize abosonzululwazi, nabosocwepheshe abaqambe izinguxa ezintsha sha futhi. Futhi, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zihloniphekile kakhulu i-Harvard, i-Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), i-Yale, i-California Technical Institute (Caltech), i-Stanford, i-Princeton, iNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley nase-Los Angeles. Imfundo ephakeme eMelika ibiza kakhulu ngokwemali. Lokho kuholela ukuthi abafundi baboleke izimali eziningi. iMelika ithwala isiboleko sezemfundo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika inobucwaningo ezempilo obundlula izizwe zonke. iMelika ikhiqiza izinhlobo zezinsiza zokulapha ezihamba phambili. Abosonzululwazi baseMelika baqambe umuthi wesimanje wokulalisa umuntu makazohlinzwa, inalidi embhaxambili yokushabalalisa i-smallpox, iguxa yokulawula ukushesha kokushaya kwenhliziyo. Izindleko zaseMelika ezempilo zindlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni kepha imiphumela yezempilo ingaphansi kwezintanga zayo nezinye izimpofu. Lokhu kubangiswa ukuthi umkhakha wezempilo kakhulu izibhedlela nezikhungo zokulatshwa iningi lazo ziphethwe umkhakha wangasese. Lokho kubanga ukuthi ezempilo zibize kakhulu. Futhi, iMelika ayinawo uhlelo lokukokhekhela wonke umuntu izidingo zokulatshwa. iMedicare iyisikhwama sikazwelonke esikhokhela okuthile. Kepha izikhwama zangasese zifuneka ukugcwalisa lokhu okushodayo.
==Ezesiko==
===Ezokudla===
{{Multiple image|total_width=400|image1=BBQ Food.jpg|caption1=Inhlobo yeshisanyama|image2=Soul Food at Powell's Place.jpg|caption2=i-''Soul food'' ukudla kwabansundu obuhlanganisa ubu-Afrika nombumdabo baseMelika}}
iMelika inezinhlobo eziningi zokudla. Ngaphambu kokufika kwabamhlophe, abomdabu bebadla imifino nezithelo ezikhiqizwe kumhlaba ngokwemvelo njengama-''chestnut'', umxozongo (artichoke), ''acorn'', ''pawpaw'',ilayisi yangasendle. Futhi bebazingela izinyamazane ezifana nezinyathi zaseMelika (i-''bison'') ne-''elk'' noma i-''carabou''. Futhi, bebafuya izilwane zokudla kakhulu igalkuni (i-''turkey''). iMelika inezinhlobo zamajikijolo omdabu ayo: ''blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, serviceberries'' nama-''elderberries''. Lamajikijolo adlilwa enjalo noma ayaphekwa. Amacabunga wemithi yama-''pine'' wayebiliswa ngamanzi ukuthi aphezelwe ukulaphisa noma ukuvikela izifo.

Ngokufikwa kwabadlibezwe (abokhokho babamhlophe) kwalethwa izinhlobo zemifino yezizwe zangaphandle: ulabha (''turnip''), umkleshe (''spinach''),intshongwe (''carrot''). Ngenxa yokuthunjwa nokulethwa eMelika ngemphoqo, abansundu balethe imifino yase Afrika: igombo (''okra''), igode (''yam''), umqoqo wamahlo amnyama (''black eyed peas'') nokunye. Futhi, ukudla okwakujwayelekile eMekisiko naselizwekazini laseNingizimu Melika njengamazambane, intshelane/itamati, nama-''avocado'' azile nawo. Imfuyo efana nezinkomo, izingulube izimbuzi, izimvu nayo ize ngenxa yabadlibezwe.

Ngokuhlangana kwabantu kaqanjwa izinhlobo zokudla ezihlanganyelene neMelika: isinkwa sombila (i-''cornbread''), amakhekhe (''biscuits''), umdoko (''grits''), inyama yegalkuni. Abafudukele eMelika balethe ukudlwa kwakibo njenge-''pizza'' (evela eTaliya), amabhega (''hamburgers'' evela [[iJalimani|eJalimani]]), ama-''hotdog'' (evela eJalimani), ama-doughnut (evela eJalimani). Ubuningi bezinhlobo zezilwane zaselwandle kuholele ekutheni imfanzi (''prawn''/''shrimp''), isikhuphashe (''lobster''), izimbata (''abalone''), ukhwathu (''oyster''). BaseMelika bathanda inyama ewosiwe kakhulu ephekwe ngentuthu (''barbecue'') futhi kudliwa inyama ewomisiwe (''jerky''). 

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamafutha amaningi, ushukela obuningi, nokuphakelwa ngobukhulu, iMelika inenkinga yokukhulupha obuyingozi. Futhi, iMelika inobukhuluphala obundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Lokho kuvela ekutheni iMelika ikhiqiza ukudla okuningi, ukudla kutholakala kalula, kunamakhemikhali afakwa ekudleni ukuthi ungaboli, ukuguqula [[isifuzisi]] sokudla ukuze kunone, kwande futhi kuvikeleke ezifeni kanye nokufaka imfuyo imithi ekuthi inone ingaguli lokho kungena ekudleni. Ubungalingani, kakhulu ubandlululo kubansundu okuhohela ukuthi kubenzima ukuthola imifino noma ukudla okuphelele kuzala ukukhuluphala kulowomphakhathi kanye nezizathu ezazishiwo.</text>
      <sha1>1ho72hxcrda87lzizhj0ucwhpxoqak7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>UMasipala Wendawo waseMvoti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6940</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121992</id>
      <parentid>59611</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T14:16:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[UMasipala wase Mvoti]] to [[UMasipala Wendawo waseMvoti]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="245" sha1="kqm3hpr5ykri61ant43nwpio0j5t86f" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Map of KwaZulu-Natal with Umvoti highlighted (2011).svg|right|thumb|300px|Umvoti]]
'''Umvoti''' umasipala wa[[KwaZulu-Natal|KwaZulu-Natali]].

{{KwaZulu-Natal Province}}

[[Category:KwaZulu-Natal]]
[[Category:Omasipala baKwaZulu-Natali]]</text>
      <sha1>kqm3hpr5ykri61ant43nwpio0j5t86f</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Presidents of Ghana</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9821</id>
    <revision>
      <id>122019</id>
      <parentid>115521</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T02:39:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>104</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-50-1.jpg with [[File:Kwame_Nkrumah_-_The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-50-1.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:).</comment>
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      <text bytes="2694" sha1="hzevabsupv5qiwv8i63k9i1hkt9bl12" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q2672728
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
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|section=
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|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
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{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q718601|Nana Akufo-Addo]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2017-01-07
| 2025-01-07
| [[File:Nana Akufo Addo, Jan. 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q718234|Fred Akuffo]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1978-07-05
| 1979-06-04
| [[File:Fred Akuffo illustration.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q472593|Ignatius Kutu Acheampong]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1972-01-13
| 1978-07-05
| [[File:Ignatius Kutu Acheampong illustration.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q424377|Akwasi Afrifa]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1969-04-02
| 1970-08-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q356728|Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1966-02-24
| 1969-04-02
| [[File:Joseph Arthur Ankrah in America (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q338928|Nii Amaa Ollennu]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1970-08-07
| 1970-08-31
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q326531|Charles Arden-Clarke]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 1957-03-06
| 1957-06-24
| [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-46-53.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51008|John Evans Atta Mills]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2009-01-07
| 2012-07-24
| [[File:John Atta-Mills election poster.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51005|John Kufuor]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2001-01-07
| 2009-01-07
| [[File:John Agyekum Kufuor - World Economic Forum on Africa 2008-2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51002|Jerry Rawlings]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1981-12-31
| 2001-01-07
| [[File:JJ Rawlings in Brussels 1998 (P002554000101, cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51002|Jerry Rawlings]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1979-06-04
| 1979-09-24
| [[File:JJ Rawlings in Brussels 1998 (P002554000101, cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50997|Hilla Limann]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1979-09-24
| 1981-12-31
| [[File:Hilla Limann.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50989|Edward Akufo-Addo]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1970-08-31
| 1972-01-13
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50678|John Mahama]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2025-01-07
| 
| [[File:John Mahama in Yokohama (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50678|John Mahama]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2012-07-24
| 2017-01-07
| [[File:John Mahama in Yokohama (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8620|Kwame Nkrumah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q503623|Gold Coast Colony]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IGana]]
| 1960-07-01
| 1966-02-24
| [[File:Kwame Nkrumah - The National Archives UK - CO 1069-50-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>hzevabsupv5qiwv8i63k9i1hkt9bl12</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Prime ministers of Ghana</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9823</id>
    <revision>
      <id>122020</id>
      <parentid>112398</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T02:40:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>104</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-50-1.jpg with [[File:Kwame_Nkrumah_-_The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-50-1.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:).</comment>
      <origin>122020</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="899" sha1="g1x18yuix09pndtkdgmnv7yblcns5dk" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q3657870
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51267|Kofi Abrefa Busia]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5555325|Dominion of Ghana]]''
| 1969-10-01
| 1972-01-13
| [[File:Kofi Busia - John Agyekum Kufuor and photo of Kofi Busia (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8620|Kwame Nkrumah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q503623|Gold Coast Colony]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IGana]]
| 1957-03-06
| 1960-07-01
| [[File:Kwame Nkrumah - The National Archives UK - CO 1069-50-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>g1x18yuix09pndtkdgmnv7yblcns5dk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Foreign ministers of Ghana</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9826</id>
    <revision>
      <id>122021</id>
      <parentid>117739</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T02:40:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>104</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-50-1.jpg with [[File:Kwame_Nkrumah_-_The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-50-1.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:).</comment>
      <origin>122021</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3316" sha1="qizlr0fvatmatiybnnfc9afjmb263h4" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Foreign minister of Ghana who was minister twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q1829500 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q1829500/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q1829500/P580:Start date,P39/Q1829500/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26923626|Shirley Ayorkor Botchway]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2017-01-28
| 2025-01-07
| [[File:Shirley Ayorkor Botchway.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062553|Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2025-01-07
| 
| [[File:Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa at MWF 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5648740|Hanna Tetteh]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2013-01-30
| 2017-01-07
| [[File:Hanna Serwaa Tetteh (cropped) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3200845|Kwesi Osei-Adjei]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2007
| 2009
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2580160|William Ofori Atta]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1971
| 1972
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1966455|Nathan Apea Aferi]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1794910|Kwamena Ahwoi]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1997-01-07
| 1997
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1794905|Kwame Baah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1778897|Kojo Botsio]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kojo Botsio 1964e.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1673371|Isaac Chinebuah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1660216|Imoru Egala]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q503623|Gold Coast Colony]]''
| 1960
| 1961
| [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-43-65.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1647615|Patrick Dankwa Anin]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1585764|Roger Joseph Felli]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Roger Joseph Felli.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1567260|Hackman Owusu-Agyeman]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2001-02-02
| 2003-04-01
| [[File:Hackman Owusu-Agyeman 207-DP-9437-Ghana2119 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1532050|Gloria Amon Nikoi]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1314093|Victor Owusu]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1311287|Obed Yao Asamoah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1982
| 1997-01-07
| [[File:Dr. Obed Y. Asamoah.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1278627|Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1234869|John Willie Kofi Harlley]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q718601|Nana Akufo-Addo]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2003-04-01
| 2007-07-01
| [[File:Nana Akufo Addo, Jan. 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q674087|James Victor Gbeho]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1997
| 2001-01-07
| [[File:Victor Gbeho 1998 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q563212|Alex Quaison-Sackey]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Alex Quaison Sackey (portrait).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q424369|Akwasi Osei-Adjei]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2007-07
| 2009-01-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q356728|Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Joseph Arthur Ankrah in America (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58327|Muhammad Mumuni]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2009-02
| 2013-01-06
| [[File:Muhammad Mumuni.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8620|Kwame Nkrumah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q503623|Gold Coast Colony]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IGana]]
| 1957
| 1958
| [[File:Kwame Nkrumah - The National Archives UK - CO 1069-50-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>qizlr0fvatmatiybnnfc9afjmb263h4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the Parliament of Ghana</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9829</id>
    <revision>
      <id>122022</id>
      <parentid>117372</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T02:40:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>104</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-50-1.jpg with [[File:Kwame_Nkrumah_-_The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-50-1.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:).</comment>
      <origin>122022</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5933" sha1="5lvao5swq44dtrb0k6izqqzto1z9gj3" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q21290881
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135232447|Ernest Kumi]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2025-01-07
| 2025-07-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134995295|Yakubu Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2025-01-07
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134992521|Nana Asafo-Adjei Ayeh]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2025-01-07
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133460681|Damata Ama Appianimaa Salam]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2024-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113578808|Alhaji Amadu Seidu]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113578774|Michael Teye Nyanua]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113578754|Clement Samuel Crabbe]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110598414|Paul Apreku Twum Barimah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2021-01-07
| 
| [[File:PAUL APREKU TWUM-BARIMAH.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110098024|Mahama Asei Seini]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:MAHAMA ASEI SEINI.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108489615|Mohammed Amin Adam]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:MOHAMMED AMIN ADAM.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106643807|Hamza Adam]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:HAMZA ADAM.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99914801|Luke Koo]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q94993519|Alice Teni Boon]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1999-01-01
| 2009-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q94962941|Doris Asibi Seidu]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2005-01-07
| 2009-07-31
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84355093|Jabaah John Bennam]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:JABAAH JOHN BENNAM.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83628084|Charles Obeng-Inkoom]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61693202|Akwasi Adusei]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2012-01-01
| 2016-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60462736|Samuel Wilberforce Awuku-Darko]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1969-10-01
| 1972-01-13
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58176074|Nana Akua Owusu Afriyieh]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:H.E. Nana Akua Owusu Afriyieh.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57915909|Nana Ama Dokua Asiamah Adjei]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:OHENEBA DOKUA ASIAMAH-ADJEI.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57915590|Felicia Adjei]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Felicia Adjei.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55550231|Kwadwo Baa Agyeman]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37996963|Michael Okyere Baafi]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Michael Baafi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32101851|Kweku Tanikyi Kesse]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27063318|Gifty Eugenia Kusi]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27057633|Abena Osei Asare]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2017-01-07
| 
| [[File:Abena Osei-Asare.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24453678|Salifu Yakubu]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23541289|Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings with Bobby Rush 2 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16190883|Amadu Moses Yahaya]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2013-04-01
| 2017-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15435130|J. Benibengor Blay]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7927622|Vida Amaadi Yeboah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1992-01-01
| 2000-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6450030|Kwaku Boateng]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6438717|Krobo Edusei]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Krobo Edusei - Ben Gurion 1959.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5484930|Frank Abdulai Ayariga]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5373115|Emmanuel Adama Mahama]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5056428|Cecilia Gyan Amoah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2001-01-01
| 2005-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4723029|Alfred Kwame Agbeshie]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2419497|Theresa Amerley Tagoe]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1996-01-01
| 2008-01-01
| [[File:Theresa Amerley Tagoe.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1964418|Nana Ato Arthur]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1778897|Kojo Botsio]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1957-01-01
| 1966-01-01
| [[File:Kojo Botsio 1964e.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1707882|Joseph Richard Asiedu]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1673371|Isaac Chinebuah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1660216|Imoru Egala]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q503623|Gold Coast Colony]]''
| 1954-01-01
| 1966-01-01
| [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-43-65.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1647615|Patrick Dankwa Anin]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1631455|Jacob Hackenburg Griffiths-Randolph]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1529094|Gladys Asmah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1997-01-01
| 2009-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1314093|Victor Owusu]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1278627|Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1270076|Kofi Asante Ofori-Atta]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1262152|Joe Appiah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1235098|Komla Agbeli Gbedemah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-43-3.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1160705|Daniel Francis Annan]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q770521|Augustus Molade Akiwumi]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q718601|Nana Akufo-Addo]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1997-01-01
| 2009-01-01
| [[File:Nana Akufo Addo, Jan. 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q523306|Ebenezer Sekyi-Hughes]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q338928|Nii Amaa Ollennu]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58327|Muhammad Mumuni]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 1997-01-01
| 2001-01-01
| [[File:Muhammad Mumuni.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58327|Muhammad Mumuni]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Muhammad Mumuni.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8620|Kwame Nkrumah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q503623|Gold Coast Colony]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IGana]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kwame Nkrumah - The National Archives UK - CO 1069-50-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>5lvao5swq44dtrb0k6izqqzto1z9gj3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>UMasipala Wendawo waseMdoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10041</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121996</id>
      <parentid>102209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T14:17:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[UMasipala wase Mdoni]] to [[UMasipala Wendawo waseMdoni]]</comment>
      <origin>102209</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="556" sha1="kxq2d2gt5qspgkn3co70y9jpr8mp9rk" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Map of KwaZulu-Natal with Umdoni highlighted.svg|thumb|300px|Umasipala waseMdoni]]
'''uMdoni''' umasipala wa[[KwaZulu-Natal|KwaZulu-Natali]]. Igama lalomasipala lasuka esihlahleni ekuthitha Umdoni igama laso.

== Izindawo ==

* Amahlongwa
* [[Amandawe]]
* Ekelso
* Elisamu
* Emalangeni
* Ezembeni
* Ibhishi laseBhezeli
* Ibhishi laseFafa
* Ifafa Marina
* Ipaki rini
* Ipheningithini
* Isezela
* Isikothibheki
* KwaCele
* Umthwalume
* Umkhomazi
* Umzinto
{{KwaZulu-Natal Province}}

[[Category:KwaZulu-Natal]]
[[Category:Omasipala baKwaZulu-Natali]]</text>
      <sha1>kxq2d2gt5qspgkn3co70y9jpr8mp9rk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:UMasipala Wendawo waseMdoni</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>26033</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121998</id>
      <parentid>84971</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T14:17:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[Talk:UMasipala wase Mdoni]] to [[Talk:UMasipala Wendawo waseMdoni]]</comment>
      <origin>84971</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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      <sha1>5rgj5vm65gh0vuwdsy7fseslccjymut</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:UMasipala Wendawo waseMvoti</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>26046</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121994</id>
      <parentid>84984</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T14:16:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[Talk:UMasipala wase Mvoti]] to [[Talk:UMasipala Wendawo waseMvoti]]</comment>
      <origin>84984</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13" sha1="5rgj5vm65gh0vuwdsy7fseslccjymut" xml:space="preserve">{{Talk page}}</text>
      <sha1>5rgj5vm65gh0vuwdsy7fseslccjymut</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zwane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32379</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121982</id>
      <parentid>109265</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T13:43:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[UMlando wakwaZwane]] to [[Zwane]]</comment>
      <origin>109265</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1258" sha1="b0nt1781oy1sqqmnid8jwz66lrtdv9r" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KingShaka.jpg|thumb|Inkosi yesizwesakwaZwane]]
'''OZwane''' babizwa ngaMangwe ngoba badabuka enhla ne-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TdISTfOMzRg9GJLTCvKTE4EADUKBZM&amp;q=africa&amp;oq=Afri&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCggBEC4YsQMYgAQyDQgAEAAYgwEYsQMYgAQyCggBEC4YsQMYgAQyBggCEEUYOTINCAMQABiDARixAxiABDITCAQQLhiDARjHARixAxjRAxiABDINCAUQABiDARixAxiABDIQCAYQABiDARixAxiABBiKBTIHCAcQABiABDINCAgQABiDARixAxiABDINCAkQABiDARixAxiABNIBCTUyMTlqMGoxNagCCLACAQ&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt; eMangweni. Abantu abaningi bakaZwane bazinze endaweni yaseHlobane kwaNgenetsheni esifundazweni sa[[IKwaZulu-Natali|KwaZulu-Natal]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TcwTMowzjFg9OLNLk-sKs0pVchLLEnMAQBn7Qh0&amp;q=kwazulu+natal&amp;oq=Kw&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqEggBEC4YQxiDARixAxiABBiKBTIGCAAQRRg5MhIIARAuGEMYgwEYsQMYgAQYigUyEggCEC4YQxjHARjRAxiABBiKBTIMCAMQLhhDGIAEGIoFMgwIBBAAGEMYgAQYigUyCggFEAAYsQMYgAQyDAgGEAAYQxiABBiKBTIWCAcQLhiDARivARjHARixAxiABBiYBTIMCAgQLhhDGIAEGIoFMgcICRAAGI8C0gEJNjg2NmowajE1qAIIsAIB&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt;. Isibongo sakwaZwane sisulwe ebukhosini baseMangweni.Inkosi yaseMangweni igama layo kwakuwuZwane yingakho kuthiwa igama lasuselwa enkosi yaseMangweni.

== Ireferensi ==
[[Category:Umlando wesizwesakwaZwane]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>121987</id>
      <parentid>121982</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T13:50:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>121987</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1553" sha1="274qy1m4pfhaq66rz0pyw0syqu0haeh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KingShaka.jpg|thumb|Inkosi yesizwesakwaZwane]]
Igama elithi '''Zwane''' liyisibongo sabantu ababizwa ngaMangwe ngoba badabuka enhla ne-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TdISTfOMzRg9GJLTCvKTE4EADUKBZM&amp;q=africa&amp;oq=Afri&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCggBEC4YsQMYgAQyDQgAEAAYgwEYsQMYgAQyCggBEC4YsQMYgAQyBggCEEUYOTINCAMQABiDARixAxiABDITCAQQLhiDARjHARixAxjRAxiABDINCAUQABiDARixAxiABDIQCAYQABiDARixAxiABBiKBTIHCAcQABiABDINCAgQABiDARixAxiABDINCAkQABiDARixAxiABNIBCTUyMTlqMGoxNagCCLACAQ&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt; eMangweni. Abantu abaningi bakaZwane bazinze endaweni yaseHlobane kwaNgenetsheni esifundazweni sa[[IKwaZulu-Natali|KwaZulu-Natal]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TcwTMowzjFg9OLNLk-sKs0pVchLLEnMAQBn7Qh0&amp;q=kwazulu+natal&amp;oq=Kw&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqEggBEC4YQxiDARixAxiABBiKBTIGCAAQRRg5MhIIARAuGEMYgwEYsQMYgAQYigUyEggCEC4YQxjHARjRAxiABBiKBTIMCAMQLhhDGIAEGIoFMgwIBBAAGEMYgAQYigUyCggFEAAYsQMYgAQyDAgGEAAYQxiABBiKBTIWCAcQLhiDARivARjHARixAxiABBiYBTIMCAgQLhhDGIAEGIoFMgcICRAAGI8C0gEJNjg2NmowajE1qAIIsAIB&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt;. Isibongo sakwaZwane sisulwe ebukhosini baseMangweni.Inkosi yaseMangweni igama layo kwakuwuZwane yingakho kuthiwa igama lasuselwa enkosi yaseMangweni.

== uMlando ==

== Izithakazelo ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Nsele kaLindamkhonto, Mthanti
Nduna ngokuthwalisala sensele
Nsele kangakanani
Ngoba nasothini lomkhonto angahlala
Nina eniphakela umyeni odengeleni
Ngoba ningabenkosi
Zikode kaNdaba, nsele
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Amaphatho ==
[[Category:Umlando wesizwesakwaZwane]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122000</id>
      <parentid>121987</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T14:43:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Izithakazelo */</comment>
      <origin>122000</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2206" sha1="0lndpl4st9kbq9b2ther97ie6pbnqwb" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KingShaka.jpg|thumb|Inkosi yesizwesakwaZwane]]
Igama elithi '''Zwane''' liyisibongo sabantu ababizwa ngaMangwe ngoba badabuka enhla ne-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TdISTfOMzRg9GJLTCvKTE4EADUKBZM&amp;q=africa&amp;oq=Afri&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCggBEC4YsQMYgAQyDQgAEAAYgwEYsQMYgAQyCggBEC4YsQMYgAQyBggCEEUYOTINCAMQABiDARixAxiABDITCAQQLhiDARjHARixAxjRAxiABDINCAUQABiDARixAxiABDIQCAYQABiDARixAxiABBiKBTIHCAcQABiABDINCAgQABiDARixAxiABDINCAkQABiDARixAxiABNIBCTUyMTlqMGoxNagCCLACAQ&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt; eMangweni. Abantu abaningi bakaZwane bazinze endaweni yaseHlobane kwaNgenetsheni esifundazweni sa[[IKwaZulu-Natali|KwaZulu-Natal]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TcwTMowzjFg9OLNLk-sKs0pVchLLEnMAQBn7Qh0&amp;q=kwazulu+natal&amp;oq=Kw&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqEggBEC4YQxiDARixAxiABBiKBTIGCAAQRRg5MhIIARAuGEMYgwEYsQMYgAQYigUyEggCEC4YQxjHARjRAxiABBiKBTIMCAMQLhhDGIAEGIoFMgwIBBAAGEMYgAQYigUyCggFEAAYsQMYgAQyDAgGEAAYQxiABBiKBTIWCAcQLhiDARivARjHARixAxiABBiYBTIMCAgQLhhDGIAEGIoFMgcICRAAGI8C0gEJNjg2NmowajE1qAIIsAIB&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt;. Isibongo sakwaZwane sisulwe ebukhosini baseMangweni.Inkosi yaseMangweni igama layo kwakuwuZwane yingakho kuthiwa igama lasuselwa enkosi yaseMangweni.

== uMlando ==

== Izithakazelo ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mangethe
Linda Mkhonto
Umafa avuke
Zikode kaPhikela
UZwane akadlelanga phansi
Wadlela emkhombeni Wezinyamazane
Edla imihlambi yezinkomo zamadoda
Ndlangashushwana ngokudla amaNdebele
Bathi uZwane udleni kwaMtambo?
Kuthiwa udle izinjana zimbili
Zigcwele umdakana!

Ntshosho!
Wena Kamafu kawalingani-angaphansi naphezulu
Ngoba aphezulu angubo ngubo!
Ntsele kaLinda kaMkhonto!
Awungilinde Ngilande Ezami
Mthanti! Nduna ngokuthwala isila sensele!
UNtsele kangakanani,
Ngoba nasothini lomkhont' angahlala.
Nin' enadlel' encazeni!
Nina eniphakela umyeni odengeleni,
Ngoba ningabenkosi.
Zikode kaNdabansele
Mabhayi kawalingani awangaphansi nawangaphezulu

Nina bakaVezi
Owadla isihlahla njengengwababane!
Zwane - Phikela wengwe - Nselenduna nina base tsheni lase Ntshenteka
Zwane - Mandaba, Ukuba uMandaba wayengehlanga phezulu saso buswa ngubani? 

&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Amaphatho ==
[[Category:Umlando wesizwesakwaZwane]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122001</id>
      <parentid>122000</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T15:28:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>122001</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1772" sha1="kwbj3h871c0lw7fz7tft8toeq0rnrgv" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Zwane.png|thumb|Elithi Zwane liqakaqwe ngesiBheqe soHlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Zwane''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] sabantu ababizwa ngaMangwe ngoba badabuka enhla ne-[[IAfrika|Afrika]] eMangweni. Abantu abaningi bakaZwane bazinze endaweni yaseHlobane kwaNgenetsheni esifundazweni sa[[IKwaZulu-Natali|KwaZulu-Natal]].&lt;ref&gt;https://iafrika.org/umlando-wakwa-zwane-clan-names/&lt;/ref&gt; Isibongo sakwaZwane sisulwe ebukhosini baseMangweni.Inkosi yaseMangweni igama layo kwakuwuZwane yingakho kuthiwa igama lasuselwa enkosi yaseMangweni. Abanye abantu baseMangweni bahlanganisa uLinda, uNsele, uHudle nabanye. &lt;ref&gt;https://indabukoyakho.com/2013/09/23/zwane/&lt;/ref&gt;

== uMlando ==
Kunemibiko eminingi ngemvelaphi yabakwaZwane, abanye bathi badabuka eSwatini, kuyilapho abanye bethi badabuka ezindaweni zaseMbo ezisezansi. 

== Izithakazelo ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mangethe
Linda Mkhonto
Umafa avuke
Zikode kaPhikela
UZwane akadlelanga phansi
Wadlela emkhombeni Wezinyamazane
Edla imihlambi yezinkomo zamadoda
Ndlangashushwana ngokudla amaNdebele
Bathi uZwane udleni kwaMtambo?
Kuthiwa udle izinjana zimbili
Zigcwele umdakana!

Ntshosho!
Wena Kamafu kawalingani-angaphansi naphezulu
Ngoba aphezulu angubo ngubo!
Ntsele kaLinda kaMkhonto!
Awungilinde Ngilande Ezami
Mthanti! Nduna ngokuthwala isila sensele!
UNtsele kangakanani,
Ngoba nasothini lomkhont' angahlala.
Nin' enadlel' encazeni!
Nina eniphakela umyeni odengeleni,
Ngoba ningabenkosi.
Zikode kaNdabansele
Mabhayi kawalingani awangaphansi nawangaphezulu

Nina bakaVezi
Owadla isihlahla njengengwababane!
Zwane - Phikela wengwe - Nselenduna nina base tsheni lase Ntshenteka
Zwane - Mandaba, Ukuba uMandaba wayengehlanga phezulu saso buswa ngubani? 

&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Amaphatho ==
[[Category:Umlando wesizwesakwaZwane]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>UMkhosi kaNomkhubulwane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32491</id>
    <revision>
      <id>122017</id>
      <parentid>121746</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T01:47:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* uMsukagama */</comment>
      <origin>122017</origin>
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      <text bytes="6205" sha1="plmtqxikygd6omya8yd88p6obfbaycl" xml:space="preserve">{{Lowercase title}}
'''Umkhosi wenkosazane yezulu uNomkhubulwane''' [[Imikhosi yesizwe SakwaZulu|ungumkhosi]] wesizwe [[AmaZulu|samaZulu]] wenkosazane yemvula, indalo kanye nenzalo. Uthingo lwenkosazane, inkungu nemvula siyizembatho zenkazimulo yakhe. Kwakukholwa ukuthi inkosazane yezulu uNomkhubulwane yiyo elawula ukutshalwa nesivuno emasimini, iphinde ilawule ubuntombi ezintombini noma ebantwini besifazane.  Kunenkolelo yokuthi le nkosazane iletha inhlanhla ebantwini besifazane okubalwa kona ukugana kanye nesipho sokuthola abantwana. 

Lo mkhosi wawugujwa abantu bomdabu ngaphambi kokufika kwenkolo yamaKristu.&lt;ref&gt;https://paton.ukzn.ac.za/core-collections/nomkhubulwane/&lt;/ref&gt; Lo mkhosi ungumkhuluko wesizwe lapho kucelwa khona imvula, inala, inzalo, nokuthula ezweni. ISilo saMabandla, [[ISilo Zwelethini Goodwill kaBhekuzulu|uNgangezwelakhe]] wavuselela leli siko waqoka isizwe sakwaSokhulu ukuba yisona esisingatha lo msebenzi. Isigubhu seNkosazane silandwa khona endaweni yakwaSokhulu. Omunye umkhosi ohlobene nalona ubizwa umkhosi kaNomdede, nawo okungumkhosi wezolimo. Kulomkhosi kuya abantu besifazane bodwa ngenjongo yokuyothiyaza isivuno esihle. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Thorpe, Shirley A. African Traditional Religions: An Introduction. Pretoria: University of South Africa, 1991&lt;/ref&gt;

== uMsukagama ==
[[File:NOMKHUBULWANE.jpg|thumb|Igama elithi Nomkhubulwane libhalwe ngesibheqe sohlamvu nonobumba besilathini ngezansi]]
Incazelo evamile yegama elithi uNomkhubulwane ithi 'uyinkosazane ekwazi ukuguqula isimo sakhe kube esanoma yisiphi isilwane' noma 'uyinkosazane enomkhuba wobulwane'. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.andriesbotha.net/artwork/2006-2010/nomkhubulwane/&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.ulwaziprogramme.org/nomkhubulwane-zulu-goddess-of-rain/&lt;/ref&gt;  

Ngokuphambene, incazelo ejulile yegama le nkosazane elithi ''uNomkhubulwane'' iveza ukuthi lo thixokazi unobuntu besifazane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Isiqalo esithi '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''No'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''  simele unina walokho okukhulunywa ngakho, Isib. unomusa &gt; unina womusa, bese isiqu esithi ''''Khubula'&lt;nowiki/&gt;''' siyisenzo esisho ukulima ngegeja nokutshala. Lisuka egameni elithi  ikhuba (ilikhuba) ngolimi lwanamuhla elisho igeja lomkhono noma igeja lokuhlakula ensimini noma esivandeni. Uma kujotshelelwa isinciphiso -ane, ahlangana athi ''No + khubula + -ane''''',''' bese lapho kungwaqaziswa, unkamisa &quot;a&quot; uguquka abe ngu &quot;w&quot; bese kuphinyiswa kuthi  ''Nokhubulwane''. Bese kuthi lapho kufakwa ungwaqa “m” uyisakhi esisemkhathini esakha imvumelwano egameni, kugcine sekuthiwa '''Nomkhubulwane.'''

Le ncazelo iyawenza umqondo, njengoba iyamanisa inkosazane nezenzo sokulima nokuvuna, futhi Isichazamazwi sikaVilakazi noDoke naso sithi leli gama livela esenzweni esibizwa 'umkhubulo', 'inkubulo' noma 'ukukhubula' ''(second sowing, resowing, rereaping)''. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|publisher=Witwatersrand University Press|author=Doke, Vilakazi|title=Zulu-English Dictionary|date=1972|page=408}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amasiko womkhosi ==
===Ukulinywa kwensimu yeNkosazane kwaSokhulu ===
INkosi yakwaSokhulu yabe seyinikela ngensimu elinywa amakhosikazi esizwe njengensimu yeNkosazane uNomkhubulwane.  Le nsimu ilinywa amakhosikazi agcagcile athelwa ngenyongo hhayi intombi noma ingoduso. Nakuba izintombi zingavunyelwe ukuyolima kodwa kuneqhaza ezilibambayo kulo mkhosi.  Ngalolu suku izintombi nto ezingamatshitshi zisuke zibuthene nazo lapho kuzophumela khona amakhosikazi.

Lokhu kuwuphawu lokuhlalisa iNkosazane. Izintombi ngalolu suku zibhica kuhle kwabafana.  Zibhinca amabheshu futhi zikhiphe izinkomo zizikhaphele edlelweni.   Ukukhaphela izinkomo edlelweni kuwuphawu lokuthi bathwele kanzima, isimo sibi ngakho-ke bacela izibusizo kuNkosazane yezulu.

Amakhosikazi wona afike ahlwanyele imbewu enhlobonhlobo kule nsimu.  Le nsimu ilinywa kuphela, ayihlakulwa futhi kayivunwa futhi.  Ukudla kwakhona kudliwa izinyoni zezulu nezilwane zasendle.   Umuntu oyisihambi kuphela okunguyena oke adlule andle ngenxa yephanga lohambo ulude.

Amakhosikazi athi angaqeda ukulima bese ehabula nasemashungwini, bachwaye futhi basine ingoma (ukuphuza amahewu abafike nawo).  Kuthi lapho sebezanelisile ngokuphuza, bese okusele bakuthela phansi.  Ukuthela phansi lokhu kuwuphawu lokupha nokunikela eNkosazaneni uNomkhubulwane. Konke kusala ensimini. Akuvumekile uphume nokuthile okusele. Kuthiwa uma uphuma ensimini nokuthile uzilethela umkhuhlane nenhlupheko.

=== Usuku olwandulela umkhuleko ===
Ngosuku olwandulela umkhuleko, isizwe siyazila futhi sizithibe.  Akukho namunye ovumekile ukuba eqe iziko noma ukuvakashela elawini. Abasimame abasemfuleni yabo akuvumekile ukuba bayongena ensimini yeNkosazane kodwa baba ingxenye yombungazo ekhaya.

Ngokujwayekile ngosuku olwandulela umkhuleko, amakhosikazi abuthana emzini weNkosi uMthiyane kwaSokhulu.  Kungaleso sikhathi lapho bexoxa ngezinto eziphathelene nokuphathwa kwemizi.  UNgangezwelakhe, njengoNomthebe nomvikeli wamasiko uyaye aqoke omunye woNdlunkulu bakhe ukuba asingathe lo mkhuleko.

Lo mkhuleko ulungiselelwa ngenyanga kaNhlangulana (uJuni). Ubukhosi bakwaSokhulu noMnyango Wezobuciko Namasiko baya kokhuleka eNdlunkulu kaZulu ngaphambi kokuba kuqale lo mkhuleko/ umkhosi.

=== Usuku lomkhuleko/ lomkhosi ===
Ngosuku lomkhuleko kusempondozankomo (ekuseni kakhulu), amakhosikazi avuka ahlembe. Athi angaqeda bese abuthana egcekeni. INyosi ibe seyiyamemeza ibikela abaphansi namakhosi asalala ibacelela indlela enhle ebheke ensimini.  Amakhosikazi azoqala ihubo eyophuma ngesango etshethe amakhuba nembewu.
Emva kokuphothulwa kokulinywa kwensimu. Amakhosikazi abuyela ekhaya leNkosi.  INyosi yeNkosi yakwaSokhulu izobe isibikela iNkosi. INkosi ibe isimukela Ndlunkulu namakhosikazi abuya ensimini. UNdlunkula uba nezwi namakhosikazi, awavuselele ngokuphathwa kwemizi, indlela yokuziphatha yomuntu wesifazane, nokubamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni isizwe. Uma sekubuya ensimini. UNdlunkulu uba nezwi namakhosikazi awagqugquzela ukuba asukume azithathe, akhuthale ekulimeni nasekuletheli ukuthula emakhaya. Emva kwalokho kube sekunandiswa ngobuciko obunhlobonhlobo okubalwa kubo, ukugida, ukuhaya (izinkondlo zomdabu, imilolozelo) nokunye kokunandisa. &lt;ref&gt;https://ubuntombi.co.za/?p=498&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amaphatho ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Khumalo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34090</id>
    <revision>
      <id>122003</id>
      <parentid>121981</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T18:22:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Umlando */</comment>
      <origin>122003</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4815" sha1="8xqtxaigricuj5ayrmdu9atb2f2r5yi" xml:space="preserve">[[File:KHUMALO.png|thumb|Elithi Khumalo nelithi Mntungwa abhalwe ngesiBheqe soHlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Khumalo''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] sabantu abahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu-Natali]], [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], nasezweni [[IZimbabwe|laseZimbabwe]] lapho abanye abafudukela khona. Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo zona zisikisela ukuthi bavela ngenhla komfula iZambezi. Lesi sibongo siyingxenye yeqembu labantu abaziwa ngoMntungwa, ezinye izibongo eziyingxenye yaleli qembu zihlanganisa uBlose, uMabaso noZikode, abazinze phakathi kwamaNdwandwe noMthethwa. [[Mzilikazi|UMzilikazi]] noMbulazi bangabantu bakwaKhumalo abaziwa kakhulu, futhi uMzilikazi uyena owasungula isizwe samaNdebele kaMthwakazi kwelaseZimbabwe.

=Umlando=
Umuntu okuthiwa nguyena oyinzalabantu kwaKhumalo nguyena qobo uKhumalo ozalwa nguMntungwa kaMbulazi. UMntungwa noMbulazi iwona amagama agqame kakhulu ashiwo lapho kuthakazelwa khona abantu abakwaKhumalo [[Mabaso|nabakwaMabaso]] kuthiwa Mntungwa kaMbulazi noma Mntungwa-Mbulazi . Umlando uveza ukuthi uMabaso wabe engumfowabo kaKhumalo, bobabili bengamadodana kaMntungwa. 

Ngokwezigaba [[Amanguni|zabeNguni]] oKhumalo [[AmaNtungwa-Nguni|bangamaNtungwa]]. Akungabazeki ukuthi Kube khona inzalabantu yabo egama layo linguMntungwa. Njengawo wonke amaNguni angamaNtungwa nabo abakwaKhumalo badabuka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe enyakatho noThukela. Ngokukhethekile bona babakhe eBabanango nasezindaweni ezizungeze ngakhona mangenhla nomsuka womfula uMhlathuze. 

UKhumalo wazala uMkhatshwa owazala uZikode owazala uGasa, uMashobane noMagawozi ngokulandelana kwabo. Ubukhosi bakwaKhumalo kulamadodana bahlukana ngokwezindlu. Yize uMashobana wayevela endlini encane ngenxa yokuthi indodana yakhe [[UMzilikazi kaMashonane|uMzilikazi]] yaba yiqhawe futhi Yaba nobudlelwano obukhulu [[Ushaka|neNgonyama uShaka]], kwaba iyona ndlu echuna kakhulu lena kunezinye. 

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMashonane oKhumalo babenobudlelwano obukhulu nobukhosi [[AmaNdwandwe|bamaNdwandwe]] eNkosi [[UZwide kaLanga|uZwide]]. UMzilikazi kaMashonane uqobo wayezalwa ngoNompethu okuthiwa wabe eyindodakazi kaZwide, yize abanye osomlando bethi wayengudadewabo. Ngalokho-ke ikomalume likaMzilikazi kwabe kuyikwaNdwandwe, okuyilapho akhulela khona. 

INkosi uZwide yabe inomkhuba ongajwayelekile wokuthi ibulale amakhosi bese iwanquma amakhanda kuhlotshiswe ngawo ilawini likanima uNtombazi. Lomkhuba wave uvamise ukwenziwa ezitheni zakhe uZwide. Ngezizathu ezingaqondakali naye uMashobane bagcina sebembulele banquma ikhanda lakhe laya elawini likaNtombazi. Emva kwaleso senzo uMzilikazi wabaleka waya kowakha ubudlelwano nobukhosi bakwaZulu obabusaphenjwa ngaleso sikhathi buphenjwa yiNkosi uShaka, kwabe eseyisitha esikhulu sikaZwide, naye efuna ukuphisela ukufa kweNkosi [[Dingiswayo|uDingiswayo kaJobe]] owayebulewe ngiye belu uZwide.

Ngaleso ndlela uMzilikazi waba nelikhuli igalelo ekulekeleleni uShaka ukuthi anqobe uyisemkhulu wakhe uZwide owabe eseyisitha nakuye ngokubulala uyise. UMzilikazi waba ngenye yezikhulu zakwaZulu neLembe(uShaka) limkhonzile ngenxa yobuqhawe bakhe ....

==Izithakazelo zakwaKhumalo==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Mntungwa, 
Mbulaziomnyama, 
Nina bakaBheje eseNgome, 
Nin' enadl'umuntu nimyenga ngendaba, 
Nin' enadl' izimfe ezimbili ikhambi laphuma lilinye, 
Lobengula kaMzilikazi, 
Mzilikazi kaMashobana, 
Shobana noGasa kaZikode, 
Zikode kaMkhatshwa, 
Okhatshwe ngezinde izinyawo nangezimfushanyana, 
UMkhatshwa wawoZimangele, 
UNyama yentini yawoZimangele 
Mabaso owabasa entabeni kwadliwa ilanga lishona, 
BaNtungwa abancwaba, 
Zindlovu ezibantu, 
Zindlovu ezimacocombela, 
Nina abakwaMawela owawela iZambezi ngezikhali, 
Nina abakwaNkomo zavula inqaba, 
Zavula inqaba ngezimpondo kwelaseNgome zahamba, 
Nina enalukudla umlenze kwaBulawayo, 
Mantungwa Aluhlaza, 
Mantungwa Amahle, 
Bantwana benkosi, 
Nina abakwaNtokela, 
Inkubele abayihlabe ngamanxeba, 
Abakhule ngezinyawo ezimfishanyana nezimaqhukulwana, 
Inyanga abathe bethi ifile uZulu kanti isiyetheswe, 
Yetheswe ngoNyakana kaMpeyana, 
UBando abalubande balushiya uZulu, 
UNtshwintshwintshwi kaNoyanda noNdaba, 
UNkone evele ngobuso emdibini, 
Maqhawe amakhulu
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==Abantu abaziwayo== 
[[Mzilikazi Khumalo]] - umqambi wezingoma nosolwazi

[[Basetsana Kumalo]] - usomhwebo onewhaza kwezohwebo 

[[Doctor Khumalo]] - wayengumdlali webhola owadlala eqenjini le-Kaizer Chiefs nakuBafana Bafana.

[[Kelly Khumalo]] - umculi odumile wezingoma zothando nowahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAMA

[[Andile Khumalo]] - umqambi womculo nomqaqathi

[[Sibongile Khumalo]] - umculi odumile womculo we-Jazz nesishoshovu.

[[Leleti Khumalo]] - umlingisi odumile wezingqayi ezahlabana ngezindondo zamaSAFTA

[[Sibusiso Khumalo]] - umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo

[[Nomalanga Khumalo]] -</text>
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  <page>
    <title>UMlando wakwaZwane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34097</id>
    <redirect title="Zwane" />
    <revision>
      <id>121983</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T13:43:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[UMlando wakwaZwane]] to [[Zwane]]</comment>
      <origin>121983</origin>
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      <text bytes="19" sha1="qjclj9ft2992wfjzod64ya00n5l20su" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Zwane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>IQatar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34098</id>
    <revision>
      <id>121984</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T13:44:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346628678|Qatar]]&quot;</comment>
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Allāh, al-Waṭan, al-Amir&lt;br/&gt;
&quot;uNkulunkulu, isiZwe, i-Emiri&quot;|inkondlo_wesizwe=Ngesi-Arabhi: السلام الأميري&lt;br/&gt;
As-Salām al-Amīrī&lt;br/&gt;
&quot;Ukuthula ku-Emiri&quot;|inhlokodolobha=Doha|izilimi=IsiArabhi|idolobha_elikhulu=iDoha|ibalazwe=Qatar - Location Map (2013) - QAT - UNOCHA.svg|abantu=3,214,609|ubukhulu_km2=11581|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Ubukhosi obungamkhawulo wamandla obuhlangeneyo obungaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=i-Emiri|umongameli_igama1=Tamin bin Hamad|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isisekela Emiri|umongameli_igama2=Abdullah bin Hamad|umongameli_isithakazo3=Indunankulu|umongameli_igama3=Mohamed bin Abdulrahman|imali=iDinar}}

i-Qatar (ngokomthetho: Umbuso waseQatar, ngesi-Arabhi: دولة قطر; ''Dawlat Qaṭar'') liyisizwe oqhingini lase-Qatar eMpakathi-Mpumalanga. Lizungzwe ngasenyakatho nasempumalanga i-Lwandle lase-Pheshiya neLwandle lase-Bahrain ngasentshonalanga. Inomgcele oyedwa omhlaba noMbuso wase-Saudi Arabia ngaseningizimu. Iqhingi lase-Qatar liyinxenye leqhingi lase-Arabia. Ngaphesheya kwe-Lwandle lase-Pheshiya ngasenyakatho kune-Iran, ngaphesheya kwe-Lwandle lase-Bahrain kune-Bahrain. Eduze kunama-Emireti aBumbene wama-Arabhi. 

Emandulo kwakuhlala abantu abazulayo ngezilwane kakhulu amakamela. Leliqhingi lalingaphansi kwemibuso ehlukene: ama-Umayadi, ama-Abhasidi, i-Bahrain, nama-Usmani. Ngo-1916, inkosi yase-Qatar, i-Emir u-Abdullah womuzi ka-Al Thani, ivume ukuthi i-Qatar ibengaphansi komvikelo [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|woMbuso Ohlangeneyo]]. Ngezi-1930 kutholakale ukuthi kunamafutha. Kwavumelwana ukuthi i-Anglo-Persian Oil Company izoyiguba. Kepha ngenxa Yempi Yesibili Yomhlaba kwasekuhlehliswa izinhlelo lezo. Kepha emuva kokuphethwa kwaleyompi, kwaqalwa ukugujwa kwamafutha. Ngo-1971, i-Qatar inikezwe igunya lokuzimela. Kusukela lesosikhathi, i-Qatar ibuswa umuzi ka-Al Thani. 

Inhlokodolobha nedolobha elinkulu endlula zonke e-Qatar iyi-Doha. Ngaphandle kwamafutha, i-Qatar inenkampi yezindiza, i-Qatar Airways, eyiyinye yezinkampani ezinkulu kuzozonke emhlabeni wonke kulomkhakha. Futhi, i-Al Jazeera iyinkami yezindaba edumile emhlabeni kakhulu emazwe wase-Mpakathi Mpumalanga nase-Nyakatho Afrika. Ngenxa yamafutha, i-Qatar inokuhlephulelwana omkhiqizo womnotho ngamuntu ondlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Amaphesenti angama-80 enani labantu ngabangezizwe zangaphandle. Kusho ukuthi yincani inani labantu elingabomdabu/izakhamuzi.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>121985</id>
      <parentid>121984</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T13:45:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Edwin Ndaba moved page [[Qatar]] to [[IQatar]]</comment>
      <origin>121984</origin>
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      <text bytes="2648" sha1="a5v8vegce1m3e7dpkkq7l6gw3x8a9nq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe|igama=iQatar|ifulegi=Flag of Qatar.svg|igama_ikhulu=Dawlat Qaṭar|igama_ivamile=iQatar|coat_of_arms=|image_coat=Qatar - Location Map (2013) - QAT - UNOCHA.svg|isaga_wesizwe=Ngesi-Arabhi: الله، الوطن، الأمير&lt;br/&gt;
Allāh, al-Waṭan, al-Amir&lt;br/&gt;
&quot;uNkulunkulu, isiZwe, i-Emiri&quot;|inkondlo_wesizwe=Ngesi-Arabhi: السلام الأميري&lt;br/&gt;
As-Salām al-Amīrī&lt;br/&gt;
&quot;Ukuthula ku-Emiri&quot;|inhlokodolobha=Doha|izilimi=IsiArabhi|idolobha_elikhulu=iDoha|ibalazwe=Qatar - Location Map (2013) - QAT - UNOCHA.svg|abantu=3,214,609|ubukhulu_km2=11581|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Ubukhosi obungamkhawulo wamandla obuhlangeneyo obungaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=i-Emiri|umongameli_igama1=Tamin bin Hamad|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isisekela Emiri|umongameli_igama2=Abdullah bin Hamad|umongameli_isithakazo3=Indunankulu|umongameli_igama3=Mohamed bin Abdulrahman|imali=iDinar}}

i-Qatar (ngokomthetho: Umbuso waseQatar, ngesi-Arabhi: دولة قطر; ''Dawlat Qaṭar'') liyisizwe oqhingini lase-Qatar eMpakathi-Mpumalanga. Lizungzwe ngasenyakatho nasempumalanga i-Lwandle lase-Pheshiya neLwandle lase-Bahrain ngasentshonalanga. Inomgcele oyedwa omhlaba noMbuso wase-Saudi Arabia ngaseningizimu. Iqhingi lase-Qatar liyinxenye leqhingi lase-Arabia. Ngaphesheya kwe-Lwandle lase-Pheshiya ngasenyakatho kune-Iran, ngaphesheya kwe-Lwandle lase-Bahrain kune-Bahrain. Eduze kunama-Emireti aBumbene wama-Arabhi. 

Emandulo kwakuhlala abantu abazulayo ngezilwane kakhulu amakamela. Leliqhingi lalingaphansi kwemibuso ehlukene: ama-Umayadi, ama-Abhasidi, i-Bahrain, nama-Usmani. Ngo-1916, inkosi yase-Qatar, i-Emir u-Abdullah womuzi ka-Al Thani, ivume ukuthi i-Qatar ibengaphansi komvikelo [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|woMbuso Ohlangeneyo]]. Ngezi-1930 kutholakale ukuthi kunamafutha. Kwavumelwana ukuthi i-Anglo-Persian Oil Company izoyiguba. Kepha ngenxa Yempi Yesibili Yomhlaba kwasekuhlehliswa izinhlelo lezo. Kepha emuva kokuphethwa kwaleyompi, kwaqalwa ukugujwa kwamafutha. Ngo-1971, i-Qatar inikezwe igunya lokuzimela. Kusukela lesosikhathi, i-Qatar ibuswa umuzi ka-Al Thani. 

Inhlokodolobha nedolobha elinkulu endlula zonke e-Qatar iyi-Doha. Ngaphandle kwamafutha, i-Qatar inenkampi yezindiza, i-Qatar Airways, eyiyinye yezinkampani ezinkulu kuzozonke emhlabeni wonke kulomkhakha. Futhi, i-Al Jazeera iyinkami yezindaba edumile emhlabeni kakhulu emazwe wase-Mpakathi Mpumalanga nase-Nyakatho Afrika. Ngenxa yamafutha, i-Qatar inokuhlephulelwana omkhiqizo womnotho ngamuntu ondlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Amaphesenti angama-80 enani labantu ngabangezizwe zangaphandle. Kusho ukuthi yincani inani labantu elingabomdabu/izakhamuzi.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>121988</id>
      <parentid>121985</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T13:58:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
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      <text bytes="3046" sha1="npy7uaiuumsc0hbdsvsh4122s0ejky6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe|igama=iQatar|ifulegi=Flag of Qatar.svg|igama_ikhulu=Dawlat Qaṭar|igama_ivamile=iQatar|coat_of_arms=|image_coat=Emblem of Qatar (2022–present).svg|isaga_wesizwe=Ngesi-Arabhi: الله، الوطن، الأمير&lt;br/&gt;
Allāh, al-Waṭan, al-Amir&lt;br/&gt;
&quot;uNkulunkulu, isiZwe, i-Emiri&quot;|inkondlo_wesizwe=Ngesi-Arabhi: السلام الأميري&lt;br/&gt;
As-Salām al-Amīrī&lt;br/&gt;
&quot;Ukuthula ku-Emiri&quot;|inhlokodolobha=iDoha|izilimi=IsiArabhi|idolobha_elikhulu=iDoha|ibalazwe=Qatar - Location Map (2013) - QAT - UNOCHA.svg|abantu=3,214,609|ubukhulu_km2=11581|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Ubukhosi obungamkhawulo wamandla obuhlangeneyo obungaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=i-Emiri|umongameli_igama1=Tamin bin Hamad|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isisekela Emiri|umongameli_igama2=Abdullah bin Hamad|umongameli_isithakazo3=Indunankulu|umongameli_igama3=Mohamed bin Abdulrahman|imali=iRiyali yaseQatar (QAR)|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka=2025|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa=3,214,609|iphesenti_lamanzi=Kuncane kakhulu|ixuku_labantu_km2=264|usuku_isehlakalo1=18 kaZibandlela 1878|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Usuku lokumemeza ukuzimela|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaMandulo 1971|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Ilanga lokuzimela oMbusweni Ohlangeneyo|usuku_isehlakalo3=3 kaMandulo 1971|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Usuku lokusungulwa}}

[[iQatar]] (ngokomthetho: Umbuso waseQatar, ngesi-Arabhi: دولة قطر; ''Dawlat Qaṭar'') liyisizwe oqhingini lase-Qatar eMpakathi-Mpumalanga. Lizungzwe ngasenyakatho nasempumalanga i-Lwandle lase-Pheshiya neLwandle lase-Bahrain ngasentshonalanga. Inomgcele oyedwa omhlaba noMbuso wase-Saudi Arabia ngaseningizimu. Iqhingi lase-Qatar liyinxenye leqhingi lase-Arabia. Ngaphesheya kwe-Lwandle lase-Pheshiya ngasenyakatho kune-Iran, ngaphesheya kwe-Lwandle lase-Bahrain kune-Bahrain. Eduze kunama-Emireti aBumbene wama-Arabhi. 

Emandulo kwakuhlala abantu abazulayo ngezilwane kakhulu amakamela. Leliqhingi lalingaphansi kwemibuso ehlukene: ama-Umayadi, ama-Abhasidi, i-Bahrain, nama-Usmani. Ngo-1916, inkosi yase-Qatar, i-Emir u-Abdullah womuzi ka-Al Thani, ivume ukuthi i-Qatar ibengaphansi komvikelo [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|woMbuso Ohlangeneyo]]. Ngezi-1930 kutholakale ukuthi kunamafutha. Kwavumelwana ukuthi i-Anglo-Persian Oil Company izoyiguba. Kepha ngenxa Yempi Yesibili Yomhlaba kwasekuhlehliswa izinhlelo lezo. Kepha emuva kokuphethwa kwaleyompi, kwaqalwa ukugujwa kwamafutha. Ngo-1971, i-Qatar inikezwe igunya lokuzimela. Kusukela lesosikhathi, i-Qatar ibuswa umuzi ka-Al Thani. 

Inhlokodolobha nedolobha elinkulu endlula zonke e-Qatar iyi-Doha. Ngaphandle kwamafutha, i-Qatar inenkampi yezindiza, i-Qatar Airways, eyiyinye yezinkampani ezinkulu kuzozonke emhlabeni wonke kulomkhakha. Futhi, i-Al Jazeera iyinkami yezindaba edumile emhlabeni kakhulu emazwe wase-Mpakathi Mpumalanga nase-Nyakatho Afrika. Ngenxa yamafutha, i-Qatar inokuhlephulelwana omkhiqizo womnotho ngamuntu ondlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Amaphesenti angama-80 enani labantu ngabangezizwe zangaphandle. Kusho ukuthi yincani inani labantu elingabomdabu/izakhamuzi.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
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      <text bytes="3047" sha1="azml1xmcud8ir1rmoqh0uual3b6s5wk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe|igama=iQatar|ifulegi=Flag of Qatar.svg|igama_ikhulu=Dawlat Qaṭar|igama_ivamile=iQatar|coat_of_arms=|image_coat=Emblem of Qatar (2022–present).svg|isaga_wesizwe=Ngesi-Arabhi: الله، الوطن، الأمير&lt;br/&gt;
Allāh, al-Waṭan, al-Amir&lt;br/&gt;
&quot;uNkulunkulu, isiZwe, i-Emiri&quot;|inkondlo_wesizwe=Ngesi-Arabhi: السلام الأميري&lt;br/&gt;
As-Salām al-Amīrī&lt;br/&gt;
&quot;Ukuthula ku-Emiri&quot;|inhlokodolobha=iDoha|izilimi=IsiArabhi|idolobha_elikhulu=iDoha|ibalazwe=Qatar - Location Map (2013) - QAT - UNOCHA.svg|abantu=3,214,609|ubukhulu_km2=11581|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Ukubusa obukhosi obunganamkhawulo obuhlangeneyo obungaphansi komthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=i-Emiri|umongameli_igama1=Tamin bin Hamad|umongameli_isithakazo2=Isisekela Emiri|umongameli_igama2=Abdullah bin Hamad|umongameli_isithakazo3=Indunankulu|umongameli_igama3=Mohamed bin Abdulrahman|imali=iRiyali yaseQatar (QAR)|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka=2025|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa=3,214,609|iphesenti_lamanzi=Kuncane kakhulu|ixuku_labantu_km2=264|usuku_isehlakalo1=18 kaZibandlela 1878|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Usuku lokumemeza ukuzimela|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaMandulo 1971|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Ilanga lokuzimela oMbusweni Ohlangeneyo|usuku_isehlakalo3=3 kaMandulo 1971|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Usuku lokusungulwa}}

[[iQatar]] (ngokomthetho: Umbuso waseQatar, ngesi-Arabhi: دولة قطر; ''Dawlat Qaṭar'') liyisizwe oqhingini lase-Qatar eMpakathi-Mpumalanga. Lizungzwe ngasenyakatho nasempumalanga i-Lwandle lase-Pheshiya neLwandle lase-Bahrain ngasentshonalanga. Inomgcele oyedwa omhlaba noMbuso wase-Saudi Arabia ngaseningizimu. Iqhingi lase-Qatar liyinxenye leqhingi lase-Arabia. Ngaphesheya kwe-Lwandle lase-Pheshiya ngasenyakatho kune-Iran, ngaphesheya kwe-Lwandle lase-Bahrain kune-Bahrain. Eduze kunama-Emireti aBumbene wama-Arabhi. 

Emandulo kwakuhlala abantu abazulayo ngezilwane kakhulu amakamela. Leliqhingi lalingaphansi kwemibuso ehlukene: ama-Umayadi, ama-Abhasidi, i-Bahrain, nama-Usmani. Ngo-1916, inkosi yase-Qatar, i-Emir u-Abdullah womuzi ka-Al Thani, ivume ukuthi i-Qatar ibengaphansi komvikelo [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|woMbuso Ohlangeneyo]]. Ngezi-1930 kutholakale ukuthi kunamafutha. Kwavumelwana ukuthi i-Anglo-Persian Oil Company izoyiguba. Kepha ngenxa Yempi Yesibili Yomhlaba kwasekuhlehliswa izinhlelo lezo. Kepha emuva kokuphethwa kwaleyompi, kwaqalwa ukugujwa kwamafutha. Ngo-1971, i-Qatar inikezwe igunya lokuzimela. Kusukela lesosikhathi, i-Qatar ibuswa umuzi ka-Al Thani. 

Inhlokodolobha nedolobha elinkulu endlula zonke e-Qatar iyi-Doha. Ngaphandle kwamafutha, i-Qatar inenkampi yezindiza, i-Qatar Airways, eyiyinye yezinkampani ezinkulu kuzozonke emhlabeni wonke kulomkhakha. Futhi, i-Al Jazeera iyinkami yezindaba edumile emhlabeni kakhulu emazwe wase-Mpakathi Mpumalanga nase-Nyakatho Afrika. Ngenxa yamafutha, i-Qatar inokuhlephulelwana omkhiqizo womnotho ngamuntu ondlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Amaphesenti angama-80 enani labantu ngabangezizwe zangaphandle. Kusho ukuthi yincani inani labantu elingabomdabu/izakhamuzi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Qatar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34099</id>
    <redirect title="IQatar" />
    <revision>
      <id>121986</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T13:45:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Edwin Ndaba moved page [[Qatar]] to [[IQatar]]</comment>
      <origin>121986</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="20" sha1="s93fiwd3ta2bvouny3wi9mb8l8hkkbe" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[IQatar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>UMasipala wase Mvoti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34100</id>
    <redirect title="UMasipala Wendawo waseMvoti" />
    <revision>
      <id>121993</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T14:16:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[UMasipala wase Mvoti]] to [[UMasipala Wendawo waseMvoti]]</comment>
      <origin>121993</origin>
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  <page>
    <title>Talk:UMasipala wase Mvoti</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>34101</id>
    <redirect title="Talk:UMasipala Wendawo waseMvoti" />
    <revision>
      <id>121995</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T14:16:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[Talk:UMasipala wase Mvoti]] to [[Talk:UMasipala Wendawo waseMvoti]]</comment>
      <origin>121995</origin>
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  <page>
    <title>UMasipala wase Mdoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34102</id>
    <redirect title="UMasipala Wendawo waseMdoni" />
    <revision>
      <id>121997</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T14:17:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[UMasipala wase Mdoni]] to [[UMasipala Wendawo waseMdoni]]</comment>
      <origin>121997</origin>
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  <page>
    <title>Talk:UMasipala wase Mdoni</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>34103</id>
    <redirect title="Talk:UMasipala Wendawo waseMdoni" />
    <revision>
      <id>121999</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T14:17:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[Talk:UMasipala wase Mdoni]] to [[Talk:UMasipala Wendawo waseMdoni]]</comment>
      <origin>121999</origin>
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  <page>
    <title>Umkhosi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34105</id>
    <revision>
      <id>122018</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T02:13:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346463524|Festival]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>122018</origin>
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      <text bytes="1495" sha1="cmwrd7crvarqny5tl16tn3of8rkcpzc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Holi_Festival_of_Colors_Utah,_United_States_2013.jpg|thumb|Umkhosi wamaHibdu weHoli eThempelini laseSri Sri Radha Krishna endaweni yaseSpanish Fork, e-Utah, e-[[IMelika|eMelika]].]]
'''Umkhosi''' ungumcimbi ogujwa umphakathi futhi ugxile esicini esithile noma ezicini zalomphakathi [[Inkolo|nenkolo]] yawo noma amasiko awo.. Umkhosi uvame ukuphawulwa njengosuku lomvalo noma olukhethekile lendawo noma lesizwe. Umkhosi wakha izimo ezijwayelekile ze-glocalization, kanye nokuxhumana kwamasiko aphakeme namasiko aphansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=264}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eduze kwenkolo nezinganekwane, omunye umsuka obalulekile ukw[[ezolimo]]. Ukudla kuwumthombo obalulekile kangangokuthi imikhosi eminingi ihlotshaniswa nesikhathi sokuvuna. Imigubho engokwenkolo neyokubonga isivuno esihle ihlanganiswa nezenzakalo ezenzeka [[Inkwindla|ekwindla]], njenge-I-Halloween enyakatho nenkabazwe ne-[[IPhasika|nePhasika]] eningizimu.

Imikhosi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufeza izinhloso ezithile zomphakathi, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokukhumbula noma ukubonga othixo, othixokazi noma izicwebi: leyo ibizwa ngokuthi imikhosi yezicwebi. Futhi ingase ihlinzek izihambeli ngezokuzijabulisa, okwakubaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini yendawo ngaphambi kokufika kokuzijabulisa okukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Imikhosi ehlozinge ezihlokweni zamasiko noma zobuhlanga nayo ifuna ukwazisa amalungu omphakathi ngamasiko awo; ukuvandakanyeka kwabadala ngokucobelela abanye ngezindaba nobungcweti babo kwenza kube nobunye phakathi kwemindeni.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>122025</id>
      <parentid>122018</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T04:16:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added section : umsukagama</comment>
      <origin>122025</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2386" sha1="hskn4skvijthltcxnvcesdnx84bz5vn" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Holi_Festival_of_Colors_Utah,_United_States_2013.jpg|thumb|Umkhosi wamaHibdu weHoli eThempelini laseSri Sri Radha Krishna endaweni yaseSpanish Fork, e-Utah, e-[[IMelika|eMelika]].]]
'''Umkhosi''' ungumgidi ogujwa umphakathi futhi ugxile esicini esithile noma ezicini zalomphakathi [[Inkolo|nenkolo]] yawo noma amasiko awo.. Umkhosi uvame ukuphawulwa njengosuku lomvalo noma olukhethekile lendawo noma lesizwe. Umkhosi wakha izimo ezijwayelekile ze-glocalization, kanye nokuxhumana kwamasiko aphakeme namasiko aphansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=264}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eduze kwenkolo nezinganekwane, omunye umsuka obalulekile ukw[[ezolimo]]. Ukudla kuwumthombo obalulekile kangangokuthi imikhosi eminingi ihlotshaniswa nesikhathi sokuvuna. Imigubho engokwenkolo neyokubonga isivuno esihle ihlanganiswa nezenzakalo ezenzeka [[Inkwindla|ekwindla]], njenge-I-Halloween enyakatho nenkabazwe ne-[[IPhasika|nePhasika]] eningizimu.

Imikhosi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufeza izinhloso ezithile zomphakathi, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokukhumbula noma ukubonga othixo, othixokazi noma izicwebi: leyo ibizwa ngokuthi imikhosi yezicwebi. Futhi ingase ihlinzek izihambeli ngezokuzijabulisa, okwakubaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini yendawo ngaphambi kokufika kokuzijabulisa okukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Imikhosi ehlozinge ezihlokweni zamasiko noma zobuhlanga nayo ifuna ukwazisa amalungu omphakathi ngamasiko awo; ukuvandakanyeka kwabadala ngokucobelela abanye ngezindaba nobungcweti babo kwenza kube nobunye phakathi kwemindeni.

==uMsukagama==
[[File:The MET.jpg|thumb|Idili laseMet ''Met Gala'' laminyaka yonke oluba seMuziyamu yobuCiko eseManhattan, liwumgubho wemboni yengqephu yomhlaba.]]
[[File:Ländliches Fest in Schwaben.jpg|thumb|Umkhosi waseSwabia]]
[[File:Umkhosi_Wokukhahlela_wentombi_KwaBhaca.JPG|thumb|Umkhosi wokukhahlela wamabhaca]]
Igama elithi &quot;umkhosi&quot; lihlobene nelithi 'inkosi', kungenzeka laqhamuka ngenxa yokuthi iNkosi iyona eyayivula imigubho eminingi yesizwe,  njengomkhosi woSelwa. Elinye igama elimqondofana nalo, elithi umgubho, elisho umgidi noma ukugcinwa komkhosi. Ngenxa yokuthi imikhosi kuba imigidi ehanjelwa abantu abaningi, futhi kuba neziphuzo nezipheko, ibizwa nangokuthi idili, noma imbhidli.
Elithi umcimbi livame ukubhekisela engxenyeni encane yomgidi ''(item)'', noma osukwini lomgidi olubekiwe ''(appointment)''. Umcimbi akuwona umkhosi noma umgobho ngokwawo. 

==Amaphatho==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sibanyoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34106</id>
    <revision>
      <id>122026</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T06:57:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ikhasi lesibongo sakwaSibanyoni</comment>
      <origin>122026</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1044" sha1="jhg2tu3xdij3rl5j7qfmmitblq9309g" xml:space="preserve">Igama elithi '''Sibanyoni''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] esisetshenziswa abantu abahlala ezweni laseSwatini nasesifundazweni [[IMpumalanga|saseMpumalanga,]] nase[[EGoli (isifundazwe)|Gauteng]] [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]]. Bakhona nabahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu Natali]] abasebenzisa elithi '''Nsibanyon'''i. Izazi zithi akukho ukuhlobana phakathi koSibanyoni noNsibanyoni, nakuba izithakazelo zona ziveza ukuhlobana okuthile.

== Izithakazelo ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Sibanyoni!&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Malambule!

Khozakhulu!

Mathetha!

Ncuncu ephuza kwezinde iziziba,

Ngoba kwezifushane ingabuya nodaka! 

Mwelase ongaweli ngazibuko,

Owela ngezihlengelo zomfula! 

Nyoni eyakha kabi,

Yabhekisa umlomo ngasemfuleni,

Abanye bathi yibambeni,

Abanye bathi yiyekeni,

Yenza ngokuthanda kwayo! 

Dada elabhula amanzi ngamaphiko,

Abafokazi baphikisana,

Bathi nibone ngani?

Kuthiwe kubonakala ngamanzi ukudungana! 

Mhlumane!

Kwanda kwaphangalala!

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122027</id>
      <parentid>122026</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T06:59:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Izithakazelo */</comment>
      <origin>122027</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="963" sha1="9ajlc4grv9kqzcsn48abhz7li8lzj9u" xml:space="preserve">Igama elithi '''Sibanyoni''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] esisetshenziswa abantu abahlala ezweni laseSwatini nasesifundazweni [[IMpumalanga|saseMpumalanga,]] nase[[EGoli (isifundazwe)|Gauteng]] [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]]. Bakhona nabahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu Natali]] abasebenzisa elithi '''Nsibanyon'''i. Izazi zithi akukho ukuhlobana phakathi koSibanyoni noNsibanyoni, nakuba izithakazelo zona ziveza ukuhlobana okuthile.

== Izithakazelo ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem&gt;Malambule!
Khozakhulu! Mathetha!
Ncuncu ephuza kwezinde iziziba,
Ngoba kwezifushane ingabuya nodaka! 
Mwelase ongaweli ngazibuko,
Owela ngezihlengelo zomfula! 
Nyoni eyakha kabi,
Yabhekisa umlomo ngasemfuleni,
Abanye bathi yibambeni,
Abanye bathi yiyekeni,
Yenza ngokuthanda kwayo! 
Dada elabhula amanzi ngamaphiko,
Abafokazi baphikisana,
Bathi nibone ngani?
Kuthiwe kubonakala ngamanzi ukudungana! 
Mhlumane!
Kwanda kwaphangalala!
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122028</id>
      <parentid>122027</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T07:15:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Izithakazelo */</comment>
      <origin>122028</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2459" sha1="7effjifz10o7wjq08xqwtk775cep581" xml:space="preserve">Igama elithi '''Sibanyoni''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] esisetshenziswa abantu abahlala ezweni laseSwatini nasesifundazweni [[IMpumalanga|saseMpumalanga,]] nase[[EGoli (isifundazwe)|Gauteng]] [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]]. Bakhona nabahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu Natali]] abasebenzisa elithi '''Nsibanyon'''i. Izazi zithi akukho ukuhlobana phakathi koSibanyoni noNsibanyoni, nakuba izithakazelo zona ziveza ukuhlobana okuthile.

== Izithakazelo ==
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot; 
|+ class=&quot;nowrap&quot; | Somewhat long table caption
! NgesiZulu !! NgesiNdebele !! NgesiSwati
|-
| Malambule!
Khozakhulu! Mathetha!
Ncuncu ephuza kwezinde iziziba,
Ngoba kwezifushane ingabuya nodaka! 
Mwelase ongaweli ngazibuko,
Owela ngezihlengelo zomfula! 
Nyoni eyakha kabi,
Yabhekisa umlomo ngasemfuleni,
Abanye bathi yibambeni,
Abanye bathi yiyekeni,
Yenza ngokuthanda kwayo! 
Dada elabhula amanzi ngamaphiko,
Abafokazi baphikisana,
Bathi nibone ngani?
Kuthiwe kubonakala ngamanzi ukudungana! 
Mhlumane!
Kwanda kwaphangalala! 
||  Sibanyoni. mbina pangela. mkhwanazi ohlaza njengenyoni yezulu, anga lilitje lelwandle. ngumagaya geenhloko imbokodo zikhona. makhwentaba, phungutjani ekhamba izililela ithi umuzi kababa ukhawukile kanti akusikukhawuka kuzinyangela. ngebakwasalukazi esinyiso made, esanyisa ngaphetjheya kwegwa negwana, esingunombode. siphuthuma sikatjhelana esaphuthuma amadoda asabana. ngumavula owangena esiphileni somile waphuma ahlaza njengotjani. ngowakhwela intaba nyovana bathi wenzani abanye bathi ngiyo inyoni yamakhosi le. inzima lemnyama kwanga ngumhlanga, anga utjhe ngayizolo, ngumatjhwabi. ngumtjhegwa owatjhegwa, emakundleni amabili amkhulu, owatjhegwa kundzundza, nakuncagu kambuduma. ngebakwasibalide eliselide, nageepondweni. yipangela eyalila igijima, yinyoni eneempondo ehloko njengesilwana, yinyoni engadliwa bafokazana, idliwa makhosi, nange ingadliwa bafokazana, bayayihlawula. ngusibanyoni wakomyezile, ngumagqamalaza ngokubona abantwana, ngoba wabona usimomo nosibikwaphi. yeniboleke amathole, ayokwethula ilitje elintente, phezu komadlayi, liyanyuka liyantenteka, namhla lewukako lalintenteka. mbuyeni weziqoko, owabuyela umagobholi kamrhetjha. marhadulela wakoselwana, owarhadulela isilo sijabhile, ngathi ngesokuloyela. mlayedwa wakokhohliwe mhla abafazi ingabantakazana, mhla amadoda ingabalisana, mhla abokomo balala bangakasengwa, mhla abantwana balala embelekweni.
 ||
|-
|}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>122029</id>
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      <text bytes="2506" sha1="df7vzdgsi4wkfgqjguzfv0f07hyap65" xml:space="preserve">Igama elithi '''Sibanyoni''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] esisetshenziswa abantu abahlala ezweni laseSwatini nasesifundazweni [[IMpumalanga|saseMpumalanga,]] nase[[EGoli (isifundazwe)|Gauteng]] [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]]. Bakhona nabahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu Natali]] abasebenzisa elithi '''Nsibanyon'''i. Izazi zithi akukho ukuhlobana phakathi koSibanyoni noNsibanyoni, nakuba izithakazelo zona ziveza ukuhlobana okuthile.

== Izithakazelo ==
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot; 
|+ class=&quot;nowrap&quot; | Izithakazelo zakwaSibanyoni ngesiNdebele, isiZulu nesiSwati
! NgesiZulu !! NgesiNdebele !! NgesiSwati
|-
| Malambule!
Khozakhulu! Mathetha!
Ncuncu ephuza kwezinde iziziba,
Ngoba kwezifushane ingabuya nodaka! 
Mwelase ongaweli ngazibuko,
Owela ngezihlengelo zomfula! 
Nyoni eyakha kabi,
Yabhekisa umlomo ngasemfuleni,
Abanye bathi yibambeni,
Abanye bathi yiyekeni,
Yenza ngokuthanda kwayo! 
Dada elabhula amanzi ngamaphiko,
Abafokazi baphikisana,
Bathi nibone ngani?
Kuthiwe kubonakala ngamanzi ukudungana! 
Mhlumane!
Kwanda kwaphangalala! 
||  Sibanyoni, mbina pangela. 
Mkhwanazi ohlaza njengenyoni yezulu, anga lilitje lelwandle. 
Ngumagaya geenhloko imbokodo zikhona. 
makhwentaba, 
phungutjani ekhamba izililela ithi umuzi kababa ukhawukile kanti akusikukhawuka kuzinyangela. 
ngebakwasalukazi esinyiso made, esanyisa ngaphetjheya kwegwa negwana, esingunombode. 
siphuthuma sikatjhelana esaphuthuma amadoda asabana. ngumavula owangena esiphileni somile waphuma ahlaza njengotjani. 
ngowakhwela intaba nyovana bathi wenzani abanye bathi ngiyo inyoni yamakhosi le. 
inzima lemnyama kwanga ngumhlanga, anga utjhe ngayizolo, ngumatjhwabi. 
ngumtjhegwa owatjhegwa, emakundleni amabili amkhulu, owatjhegwa kundzundza, nakuncagu kambuduma.
Ngebakwasibalide eliselide, nageepondweni. 
yipangela eyalila igijima, yinyoni eneempondo ehloko njengesilwana, yinyoni engadliwa bafokazana, idliwa makhosi, nange ingadliwa bafokazana, bayayihlawula. NguSibanyoni wakomyezile, ngumagqamalaza ngokubona abantwana, ngoba wabona usimomo nosibikwaphi. 
yeniboleke amathole, ayokwethula ilitje elintente, phezu komadlayi, liyanyuka liyantenteka, namhla lewukako lalintenteka. 
Mbuyeni weziqoko, owabuyela umagobholi kamrhetjha. marhadulela wakoselwana, owarhadulela isilo sijabhile, ngathi ngesokuloyela. 
Mlayedwa wakokhohliwe mhla abafazi ingabantakazana, 
mhla amadoda ingabalisana, 
mhla abokomo balala bangakasengwa, mhla abantwana balala embelekweni.
 ||
|-
|}</text>
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      <text bytes="2662" sha1="iej3t3xvinlhv7fjv5z920zbxknz3ju" xml:space="preserve">Igama elithi '''Sibanyoni''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] esisetshenziswa abantu abahlala ezweni laseSwatini nasesifundazweni [[IMpumalanga|saseMpumalanga,]] nase[[EGoli (isifundazwe)|Gauteng]] [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]]. Bakhona nabahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu Natali]] abasebenzisa elithi '''Nsibanyon'''i. Izazi zithi akukho ukuhlobana phakathi koSibanyoni noNsibanyoni, nakuba izithakazelo zona ziveza ukuhlobana okuthile.

== Izithakazelo ==
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot; 
|+ class=&quot;nowrap&quot; | Izithakazelo zakwaSibanyoni ngesiNdebele, isiZulu nesiSwati
! NgesiZulu !! NgesiNdebele !! NgesiSwati
|-
| Malambule!
Khozakhulu! Mathetha!
Ncuncu ephuza kwezinde iziziba,
Ngoba kwezifushane ingabuya nodaka! 
Mwelase ongaweli ngazibuko,
Owela ngezihlengelo zomfula! 
Nyoni eyakha kabi,
Yabhekisa umlomo ngasemfuleni,
Abanye bathi yibambeni,
Abanye bathi yiyekeni,
Yenza ngokuthanda kwayo! 
Dada elabhula amanzi ngamaphiko,
Abafokazi baphikisana,
Bathi nibone ngani?
Kuthiwe kubonakala ngamanzi ukudungana! 
Mhlumane!
Kwanda kwaphangalala! 
||  Sibanyoni, mbina pangela. 
Mkhwanazi ohlaza njengenyoni yezulu, anga lilitje lelwandle. 
Ngumagaya geenhloko imbokodo zikhona. 
makhwentaba, 
phungutjani ekhamba izililela ithi umuzi kababa ukhawukile kanti akusikukhawuka kuzinyangela. 
ngebakwasalukazi esinyiso made, esanyisa ngaphetjheya kwegwa negwana, esingunombode. 
siphuthuma sikatjhelana esaphuthuma amadoda asabana. ngumavula owangena esiphileni somile waphuma ahlaza njengotjani. 
ngowakhwela intaba nyovana bathi wenzani abanye bathi ngiyo inyoni yamakhosi le. 
inzima lemnyama kwanga ngumhlanga, anga utjhe ngayizolo, ngumatjhwabi. 
ngumtjhegwa owatjhegwa, emakundleni amabili amkhulu, owatjhegwa kundzundza, nakuncagu kambuduma.
Ngebakwasibalide eliselide, nageepondweni. 
yipangela eyalila igijima, yinyoni eneempondo ehloko njengesilwana, yinyoni engadliwa bafokazana, idliwa makhosi, nange ingadliwa bafokazana, bayayihlawula. NguSibanyoni wakomyezile, ngumagqamalaza ngokubona abantwana, ngoba wabona usimomo nosibikwaphi. 
yeniboleke amathole, ayokwethula ilitje elintente, phezu komadlayi, liyanyuka liyantenteka, namhla lewukako lalintenteka. 
Mbuyeni weziqoko, owabuyela umagobholi kamrhetjha. marhadulela wakoselwana, owarhadulela isilo sijabhile, ngathi ngesokuloyela. 
Mlayedwa wakokhohliwe mhla abafazi ingabantakazana, 
mhla amadoda ingabalisana, 
mhla abokomo balala bangakasengwa, mhla abantwana balala embelekweni.
 ||
|-
|}

==Abantu abaziwayo==
[[Thabang Sibanyoni]] - umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo

[[Jonas Sibanyoni]] - Isishoshovu nommeli owaba owayeyilingu lePhalamende</text>
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      <text bytes="2738" sha1="eawflesx0wqdvqfisrgmqg5tqumwmdl" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Sibanyoni.png|thumb|Elithi Sibanyoni liqakaqwe ngesiBheqe soHlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Sibanyoni''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] esisetshenziswa abantu abahlala ezweni laseSwatini nasesifundazweni [[IMpumalanga|saseMpumalanga,]] nase[[EGoli (isifundazwe)|Gauteng]] [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]]. Bakhona nabahlala esifundazweni [[IKwaZulu-Natali|saKwaZulu Natali]] abasebenzisa elithi '''Nsibanyon'''i. Izazi zithi akukho ukuhlobana phakathi koSibanyoni noNsibanyoni, nakuba izithakazelo zona ziveza ukuhlobana okuthile.

== Izithakazelo ==
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot; 
|+ class=&quot;nowrap&quot; | Izithakazelo zakwaSibanyoni ngesiNdebele, isiZulu nesiSwati
! NgesiZulu !! NgesiNdebele !! NgesiSwati
|-
| Malambule!
Khozakhulu! Mathetha!
Ncuncu ephuza kwezinde iziziba,
Ngoba kwezifushane ingabuya nodaka! 
Mwelase ongaweli ngazibuko,
Owela ngezihlengelo zomfula! 
Nyoni eyakha kabi,
Yabhekisa umlomo ngasemfuleni,
Abanye bathi yibambeni,
Abanye bathi yiyekeni,
Yenza ngokuthanda kwayo! 
Dada elabhula amanzi ngamaphiko,
Abafokazi baphikisana,
Bathi nibone ngani?
Kuthiwe kubonakala ngamanzi ukudungana! 
Mhlumane!
Kwanda kwaphangalala! 
||  Sibanyoni, mbina pangela. 
Mkhwanazi ohlaza njengenyoni yezulu, anga lilitje lelwandle. 
Ngumagaya geenhloko imbokodo zikhona. 
makhwentaba, 
phungutjani ekhamba izililela ithi umuzi kababa ukhawukile kanti akusikukhawuka kuzinyangela. 
ngebakwasalukazi esinyiso made, esanyisa ngaphetjheya kwegwa negwana, esingunombode. 
siphuthuma sikatjhelana esaphuthuma amadoda asabana. ngumavula owangena esiphileni somile waphuma ahlaza njengotjani. 
ngowakhwela intaba nyovana bathi wenzani abanye bathi ngiyo inyoni yamakhosi le. 
inzima lemnyama kwanga ngumhlanga, anga utjhe ngayizolo, ngumatjhwabi. 
ngumtjhegwa owatjhegwa, emakundleni amabili amkhulu, owatjhegwa kundzundza, nakuncagu kambuduma.
Ngebakwasibalide eliselide, nageepondweni. 
yipangela eyalila igijima, yinyoni eneempondo ehloko njengesilwana, yinyoni engadliwa bafokazana, idliwa makhosi, nange ingadliwa bafokazana, bayayihlawula. NguSibanyoni wakomyezile, ngumagqamalaza ngokubona abantwana, ngoba wabona usimomo nosibikwaphi. 
yeniboleke amathole, ayokwethula ilitje elintente, phezu komadlayi, liyanyuka liyantenteka, namhla lewukako lalintenteka. 
Mbuyeni weziqoko, owabuyela umagobholi kamrhetjha. marhadulela wakoselwana, owarhadulela isilo sijabhile, ngathi ngesokuloyela. 
Mlayedwa wakokhohliwe mhla abafazi ingabantakazana, 
mhla amadoda ingabalisana, 
mhla abokomo balala bangakasengwa, mhla abantwana balala embelekweni.
 ||
|-
|}

==Abantu abaziwayo==
[[Thabang Sibanyoni]] - umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo

[[Jonas Sibanyoni]] - Isishoshovu nommeli owaba owayeyilingu lePhalamende</text>
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    <title>Thabang Sibanyoni</title>
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'''UThabang Sibanyoni''' (owazalwa mhla ziyisi-8 kuJanuwariwe- 1996) ungumdlali [[Ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo|webhola likanobhutshuzwayo]] waseNingizimu Afrika odlala njengomgadli weqembu  lamaTuks, ebolekwe yiMamelodi [[IMamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Sundowns]] kwiPremier [[I-Premier Soccer League|Soccer League]] .

Unesivumelwano neMamelodi [[IMamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Sundowns]], umsebenzi wakhe wamenza wabolekiswa emaqenjini amaningi. Isikhathi sakhe sokubolekiswa kwiSekhukhune United saqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2020 futhi saqhubeka kwaze kwaba yingxenye yokuqala yeSouth African Premier Division ka-2021-22 .  USibanyoni wabizelwa [[Iqembu lebhola lezinyawo likazwelonke laseNingizimu Afrika|eqenjini lesizwe laseNingizimu Afrika]] ngomqhudelwano we- COSAFA Cup ka-2021, wadlala imidlalo eyisi-6 kulo mqhudelwano futhi washaya amagoli bedlala ne- Eswatini . INingizimu Afrika yahlabana ngendebe. 

Engasadingeki yiSundowns, wabolekiswa eqenjini lamamaTuks engxenyeni yesibili yomdumbu wezi-2021-22.  Ecikicwa yiSupersport United eyamboleka unyaka owodwa ehlobo lowezi-2022, uhlobo lwakhe lokudlala luchazwa njenge-&quot;classic No. 9&quot;.   Ngaphambi komdwambu wezi-2023-24, uSibanyoni waziqhaza kabusha namaTuks ebolekwa umdumbu owodwa. 

== Amaphatho ==

[[Category:Abantu baphilayo]]
[[Category:Abazalwa nge-1996]]</text>
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    <title>Jonas Sibanyoni</title>
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{{Infobox Officeholder|party=[[African National Congress]]|office1=[[National Assembly of South Africa|Member of the National Assembly]]|citizenship=[[South Africa]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1952|08|14|df=yes}}|constituency1=[[Gauteng]]|birth_name=Jonas Ben Sibanyoni|alma_mater=[[University of Zululand]]}}

'''UJonas Ben Sibanyoni''' (owazalwa mhla zili-14 kuAgasti we-1952) ungummeli waseNingizimu Afrika kanye nosombusazwe osebenze njengelungu lesikhashana [[Ikhomishini Yamalungelo Abantu yaseNingizimu Afrika|leKhomishini Yamalungelo Abantu yaseNingizimu Afrika]] kusukela ngoJanuwari wezi-2017. Ngaphambi kwalokho, wayemele iqembu le- [[African National Congress]] (ANC) [[ISishayamthetho sikaZwelonke|ePhalamende Likazwelonke]] kusukela ngowe-2004 kuya kowezi-2014, ngaphandle kokuphumula isikhashana maphakathi nowezi-2009.

== Impilo yakhe kanye nomsebenzi wezomthetho ==
Wazalwa mhla zili-14 kuAgasti we-1952,  USibinyoni waqala umsebenzi wakhe wezomthetho ngowe-1974 njengomabhalane nomhumushi eNkantolo yeMantshi [[IWitbank|yaseWitbank]] .  Waqeda iziqu ze-BProc eNyuvesi [[Inyuvesi yakwaZulu|yaseZululand]] ngowe-1981 futhi wamukelwa njengommeli mhla zili-10 kuJulayi we-1984. Okwesikhashana, wasebenza njengommemezeli womsakazo, umdidiyeli, kanye no -DJ kusukela ngowe-1982 kuya kowe-1984. Waqala ukusebenza kwakhe kwezomthetho eBronkhorstspruit ngowe-1985. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngowe-1993 kuya kowe-1995, wafundisa abafundi bezomthetho eVista University [[Mamelodi|eMamelodi]], lapho ayengumqondisi wohiko losizo lwezomthetho . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ngowe-1995, uSibanyoni waqokwa njengomphathi wezabasebenzi ku- Reconstruction and Development Programme Project, esehhovisi [[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|likaMongameli]] ngaphansi kukaMongameli [[Nelson Mandela|uNelson Mandela]] noNgqongqoshe uJay Naidoo . Ngonyaka olandelayo, waba ingxenye yesikhungo esibizwa iNational Institute for Public Interest Law and Research, lapho ayengumxhumanisi kazwelonke wohleloxhumano lamahhovisi ezeluleko zesikhungo. Kusukela ngowe-1998 kuya kowezi-2001, wayeyilungu le-Amnesty Committee ye- Truth and Reconciliation Commission . 

== Umsebenzi wakhe esishayamthetho: 2004–2014 ==
USibinyoni waba ingxenye yePhalamende ngasekupheleni kwePhalamende lesibili lentando yeningi ngoFebhuwari wezi-2004.  Okhethweni olujwayelekile lwalowo nyaka, wakhethwa isikhathi esigcwele ePhalamende Likazwelonke, wabekwa endaweni yesibili ohlwini lweqembu eMpumalanga .  Ngo-Agasti wezi-2008, kulandela uphenyo oluvela esikhalweni selungu lePhalamende eliphikisayo uWillem Doman, uMvikeli Womphakathi, uLawrence Mushwana, wancoma ukuthi uSomlomo wePhalamende Likazwelonke athathe isinyathelo ngokumelene noSibanyoni ngesisekelo sokuthi uthole umnikelo ongekho emthethweni nongajwayelekile wemali engama- [[IRandi|R25,856]] ezikhulwini zikaMasipala Wendawo waseKungwini . USibinyoni wayecele umnikelo ukuze axhase ukuqaliswa kwehhovisi lakhe lephalamende le-ANC ngaphandle [[IPitoli|kwePitoli]] . 

Okhethweni oluzayo ngowezi-2009, uSibanyoni akazange aphinde akhethwe, kodwa wabuyela ngokushesha ehlandleni lesishayamthetho, mhla zingama-23 kuNhlangulana wezi-2009, ukuzogcwalisa isihlalo kunguyazana yaseGauteng eyayishiywe ngaphandle ngu -Oupa Monareng .  Wayeyilungu leKomidi Lezobulungiswa Nokuthuthukiswa Komthethosisekelo . 

== IKhomishini Yamalungelo Abantu: 2017–manje ==
USibinyoni wamela ukukhethwa kabusha ePhalamende okhethweni lukazwelonke lwangowezi-2014 kodwa akazange ahlabane ngesihlalo.  Ngemva kokushiya iPhalamende, waba waba ogaxele ukungena esikhundleni sikaPansy Tlakula kwiKhomishini Yokhetho yaseNingizimu Afrika ngowezi-2014  kanye nokuthatha izintambo [[Thuli Madonsela|kuThuli Madonsela]] njengoMvikeli Womphakathi ngowezi-2016.  Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni salokho, kamuva ngowezi-2016, iPhalamende Likazwelonke lamncoma ukuthi aqokwe kwiKhomishini Yamalungelo Abantu yaseNingizimu Afrika.  Ukuqokwa kwakhe njengokhomishana wesikhashana kwamiswa ngokusemthethweni nguMongameli [[Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma|uJacob Zuma]] futhi kwaqala ukusebenza mhla zi-3 kuJanuwari wezi-2017 isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyisikhombisa. 

== Amaphatho ==

[[Category:Abazalwa nge-1952]]
[[Category:Abantu baphilayo]]</text>
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Indizamkhathi iyisithuthi esiklanyelwe ukundiza nokusebenza emkhathini ongaphandle.  Izindizamkhathi zisetshenziselwa izinjongo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa [[Ezokuxhumakude|ezokuxhumana]], [[Isivoko esibuka umhlaba|ukubuka umhlaba]], isimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, ukuhlala emkhathini, ukuhlwaya imizulane, kanye nokuthuthwa kwabantu nempahla . Zonke izindizamkhathi azikwazi ukungena emkhathini zizodwa, futhi zidinga isithuthi sokuzinyakula (isicibamkhathi esithwalayo).
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      <text bytes="2369" sha1="lwmxnehjnyq8y4b1eydfosd4zt1aff6" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bruce_McCandless_II_during_EVA_in_1984.jpg|thumb|Usomkhathi wakwaNASA uBruce McCandless II esebenzisa isitshazi esigqokwayo ngaphandle kwesithuthi somkhathi esibizwa Challenger ngowe-1984.]]
'''Usomkhathi''' oyigama elisho umuntu oyitilosi, oqeqeshiwe, nohlonyisiwe, futhi othunyelwa ngohlelo lezomkhathi ukuze asebenze njengomlawuli noma ilungu lesigejana [[Indizamkhathi|lendizamkhathi]]. Nakuba ngokuvamile ligcinelwe abahambi basemkhathini abayizingcwepheshi, leli gama ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziswa kunoma ubani ohamba emkhathini, okuhlanganisa osozululwazi, osombusazwe, izintatheli, kanye nezivakashi zasemkhathini.   Leli gama liphinde lisetshenziswe kubantu abaqeqeshwe ukundizisa izindizamkhathi emoyeni   ngemva kokudlula izifundo ezithile zokuqeqeshwa,  kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banolwazi olunjani ngokuhamba emkhathini. &lt;ref name=&quot;collins&quot; /&gt;  

Igama lesiZulu elithi &quot;osomkhathi&quot; lihumusha wonke amagama ezizwe asetshenziswa ukuchaza abandizisi bezindizamkhathi. Lihumusha igama elithi &quot;'''Astronaut'''&quot; elisebenza olimini lesiNgisi, negama lwesiRashiya elithi '''Kosomonauts''' ( &quot;kosmos&quot; (космос, &quot;umkhathi&quot;). Kuhlanganisa negama elisetshenziswa amaShayina elithi '''taikonaut''' (elivela kwelesiMandarin elithi &quot;tàikōng&quot; ({{Lang|zh|太空}} . ), okusho &quot;umkhathi&quot;).

Kusukela ngowe-1961kuze kube owezi-2021, kunosomkhathi abangama-600 abendize emkhathini.  Kuze kube ngowezi-2002, osomkhathi babexhaswa futhi beqeqeshwa ohulumeni kuphela, kungaba yimibutho yezempi noma izinhlangano zasemkhathini zomphakathi. Ngokundiza okungaphansi kwe -SpaceShipOne exhaswe ngasese ngowezi-2004, kwadalwa uhlobo olusha losomkhathi: usomkhathi wezohwebo .

== Incasiselo ==
[[File:Alan_Shepard_in_capsule_aboard_Freedom_7_before_launch.jpg|thumb|U -Alan Shepard egibele i &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwbg&quot;&gt;-Freedom&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mwbw&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;7&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (1961)]]
Igama elithi &quot;usomkhathi&quot; liyavela encwadini ethi ukuamisa njengegama elifanelekayo ukuchaza abaqhubi bezindizamkhathi, osonzululwazi abasebenza esigculeni sasemkhathini samazwe, ngisho nalabo abavashayo emkhathini. Kuyilapho elithi 'umuntunyoni' lona livezwa njengelifanele ukuhumusha elithi 'pilot' njengoba bendiza esibhakabhakeni. Elithi 'itilosi' lona livame ukusetshenziswa kulabo abahamba ngemikhumbi emanzini.
[[Category:Osomkhathi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ngiyabonga.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34111</id>
    <revision>
      <id>122037</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:01:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziporia</username>
        <id>23285</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:st:Special:Redirect/revision/36561|Lebogang Boemo]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3963" sha1="8elyheupk4r8eumxye9mmi1z61r8t2r" xml:space="preserve">'''ULebogang Boemo''' ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSouth African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR), okuyisikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNorth-West University futhi esisekelwa umnyango wezesayensi nokusungula izinto ezintsha waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bolimi lwedijithali emphakathini waseNingizimu Afrika okhuluma izilimi eziningi, ngokugxila kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele. 

[[File:Lebogang_Boemo.jpg|Lebogang Boemo]]

== Isizinda kanye nemisebenzi ==
ULebogang Bemoe usebenza njengoMphathi wephrojekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enesibopho sokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamasu ezisekela igunya lesikhungo sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kolimi lwedijithali. Kule ndima, udlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihlose ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika. 

Isipiliyoni sikaBoemo sangaphambilini sihlanganisa ukusebenza neSikhwama Solwazi Sikazwelonke (National Knowlegde Fund), lapho ebambe iqhaza khona ekulawuleni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto ezibalulekile zemfundo. Isizinda sakhe sokuphatha iphrojekthi kanye nokuphatha simhlomulise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze ahole imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa izigwegwe eziningi. 

== Izincazelo zolimi ==
ULebogang Bomeo ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSouth African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR), okuyisikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNorth-West University futhi esisekelwa uMnyango Wezesayensi Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bolimi lwedijithali emphakathini wezilimi eziningi waseNingizimu Afrika, ngokugxila kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele.  

ULebogang Bemoe usebenza njengoMphathi Wephrojekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enesibopho sokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamasu ezisekela igunya lesikhungo sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza Zolimi lwedijithali. kule ndima, udlale indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihlose ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika.  

Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaKama kwangaphambilini kufaka phakathi ukusebenza neSikhwama sikaSolwazi Lwazwelonke(National Knowledge Fund), lapho ayebandakanyeka khona ekuphatheni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto eziza kuqala kwezemfundo. Ukuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi kanye nesizinda sakhe sokuphatha kumhlomise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuhola imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa imikhakha eminingi.

I-SADiLaR bekuwumzamo kazwelonke wokuhlola nokubeka imephu izinsiza zolimi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuhlola kuyingxenye yomsebenzi woMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa Kolimi, okhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa ngokulinganayo kokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-11 ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nasekuphatheni.

Lesi sikhundla siqondisa eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile ye-SADiLaR, okuhlanganisa namaphrojekthi okubambisana andisa ukubonakala kolimi kanye nokufinyelela. Isibonelo, sixhumene nephrojekthi ye-SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB [[Umklamo we-SWiP|(SWiP)]], ehlose ukwandisa ukumelwa kwezilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika ku-Wikipedia kanye nokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu komphakathi wezilimi ekuthuthukiseni okuqukethwe kwedijithali okukhululekile nokuvulekile. 

Indima yakhe yobuholi ifinyelela ekumeleleni i-SADiLaR ezinkundleni zikazwelonke ezigxile emfundweni, ubuliminingi kanye nokulingana ngokobulili. Engqungqutheleni Yobuholi Besifazane Emfundweni Ephakeme, wakhuthaza ukufakwa okukhulu kwezazi zesifazane ocwaningweni lwenqubomgomo kanye nezinqubo zenqubomgomo, egcizelela ukubaluleka kobuholi obuhlukahlukene ekwakheni isimo socwaningo lwaseNingizimu Afrika.  

== Imithombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8elyheupk4r8eumxye9mmi1z61r8t2r</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Lebogang Boemo.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34112</id>
    <revision>
      <id>122038</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:04:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziporia</username>
        <id>23285</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:st:Special:Redirect/revision/36561|Lebogang Boemo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>122038</origin>
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      <text bytes="3963" sha1="8elyheupk4r8eumxye9mmi1z61r8t2r" xml:space="preserve">'''ULebogang Boemo''' ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSouth African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR), okuyisikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNorth-West University futhi esisekelwa umnyango wezesayensi nokusungula izinto ezintsha waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bolimi lwedijithali emphakathini waseNingizimu Afrika okhuluma izilimi eziningi, ngokugxila kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele. 

[[File:Lebogang_Boemo.jpg|Lebogang Boemo]]

== Isizinda kanye nemisebenzi ==
ULebogang Bemoe usebenza njengoMphathi wephrojekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enesibopho sokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamasu ezisekela igunya lesikhungo sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kolimi lwedijithali. Kule ndima, udlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihlose ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika. 

Isipiliyoni sikaBoemo sangaphambilini sihlanganisa ukusebenza neSikhwama Solwazi Sikazwelonke (National Knowlegde Fund), lapho ebambe iqhaza khona ekulawuleni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto ezibalulekile zemfundo. Isizinda sakhe sokuphatha iphrojekthi kanye nokuphatha simhlomulise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze ahole imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa izigwegwe eziningi. 

== Izincazelo zolimi ==
ULebogang Bomeo ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSouth African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR), okuyisikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNorth-West University futhi esisekelwa uMnyango Wezesayensi Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bolimi lwedijithali emphakathini wezilimi eziningi waseNingizimu Afrika, ngokugxila kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele.  

ULebogang Bemoe usebenza njengoMphathi Wephrojekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enesibopho sokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamasu ezisekela igunya lesikhungo sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza Zolimi lwedijithali. kule ndima, udlale indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihlose ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika.  

Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaKama kwangaphambilini kufaka phakathi ukusebenza neSikhwama sikaSolwazi Lwazwelonke(National Knowledge Fund), lapho ayebandakanyeka khona ekuphatheni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto eziza kuqala kwezemfundo. Ukuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi kanye nesizinda sakhe sokuphatha kumhlomise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuhola imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa imikhakha eminingi.

I-SADiLaR bekuwumzamo kazwelonke wokuhlola nokubeka imephu izinsiza zolimi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuhlola kuyingxenye yomsebenzi woMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa Kolimi, okhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa ngokulinganayo kokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-11 ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nasekuphatheni.

Lesi sikhundla siqondisa eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile ye-SADiLaR, okuhlanganisa namaphrojekthi okubambisana andisa ukubonakala kolimi kanye nokufinyelela. Isibonelo, sixhumene nephrojekthi ye-SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB [[Umklamo we-SWiP|(SWiP)]], ehlose ukwandisa ukumelwa kwezilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika ku-Wikipedia kanye nokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu komphakathi wezilimi ekuthuthukiseni okuqukethwe kwedijithali okukhululekile nokuvulekile. 

Indima yakhe yobuholi ifinyelela ekumeleleni i-SADiLaR ezinkundleni zikazwelonke ezigxile emfundweni, ubuliminingi kanye nokulingana ngokobulili. Engqungqutheleni Yobuholi Besifazane Emfundweni Ephakeme, wakhuthaza ukufakwa okukhulu kwezazi zesifazane ocwaningweni lwenqubomgomo kanye nezinqubo zenqubomgomo, egcizelela ukubaluleka kobuholi obuhlukahlukene ekwakheni isimo socwaningo lwaseNingizimu Afrika.  

== Imithombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8elyheupk4r8eumxye9mmi1z61r8t2r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122039</id>
      <parentid>122038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:08:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziporia</username>
        <id>23285</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:st:Special:Redirect/revision/36561|Lebogang Boemo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>122039</origin>
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      <text bytes="3977" sha1="hgvacqs258lofebcrvkbghduij7elv9" xml:space="preserve">'''ULebogang Boemo''' ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSouth African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR), okuyisikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNorth-West University futhi esisekelwa umnyango wezesayensi nokusungula izinto ezintsha waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bolimi lwedijithali emphakathini waseNingizimu Afrika okhuluma izilimi eziningi, ngokugxila kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele. 

[[File:Lebogang_Boemo.jpg|Lebogang Boemo]]

== Isizinda kanye nemisebenzi ==
ULebogang Bemoe usebenza njengoMphathi wephrojekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enesibopho sokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamasu ezisekela igunya lesikhungo sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kolimi lwedijithali. Kule ndima, udlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihlose ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika. 

Isipiliyoni sikaBoemo sangaphambilini sihlanganisa ukusebenza neSikhwama Solwazi Sikazwelonke (National Knowlegde Fund), lapho ebambe iqhaza khona ekulawuleni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto ezibalulekile zemfundo. Isizinda sakhe sokuphatha iphrojekthi kanye nokuphatha simhlomulise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze ahole imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa izigwegwe eziningi. 

== Izincazelo zolimi ==
ULebogang Bomeo ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSouth African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR), okuyisikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNorth-West University futhi esisekelwa uMnyango Wezesayensi Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bolimi lwedijithali emphakathini wezilimi eziningi waseNingizimu Afrika, ngokugxila kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele.  

ULebogang Bemoe usebenza njengoMphathi Wephrojekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enesibopho sokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamasu ezisekela igunya lesikhungo sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza Zolimi lwedijithali. kule ndima, udlale indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihlose ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika.  

Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaKama kwangaphambilini kufaka phakathi ukusebenza neSikhwama sikaSolwazi Lwazwelonke(National Knowledge Fund), lapho ayebandakanyeka khona ekuphatheni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto eziza kuqala kwezemfundo. Ukuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi kanye nesizinda sakhe sokuphatha kumhlomise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuhola imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa imikhakha eminingi.

I-SADiLaR bekuwumzamo kazwelonke wokuhlola nokubeka imephu izinsiza zolimi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuhlola kuyingxenye yomsebenzi woMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa Kolimi, okhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa ngokulinganayo kokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-11 ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nasekuphatheni.

Lesi sikhundla siqondisa eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile ye-SADiLaR, okuhlanganisa namaphrojekthi okubambisana andisa ukubonakala kolimi kanye nokufinyelela. Isibonelo, sixhumene nephrojekthi ye-SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB [[Umklamo we-SWiP|(SWiP)]], ehlose ukwandisa ukumelwa kwezilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika ku-Wikipedia kanye nokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu komphakathi wezilimi ekuthuthukiseni okuqukethwe kwedijithali okukhululekile nokuvulekile. 

Indima yakhe yobuholi ifinyelela ekumeleleni i-SADiLaR ezinkundleni zikazwelonke ezigxile emfundweni, ubuliminingi kanye nokulingana ngokobulili. Engqungqutheleni Yobuholi Besifazane Emfundweni Ephakeme, wakhuthaza ukufakwa okukhulu kwezazi zesifazane ocwaningweni lwenqubomgomo kanye nezinqubo zenqubomgomo, egcizelela ukubaluleka kobuholi obuhlukahlukene ekwakheni isimo socwaningo lwaseNingizimu Afrika.  

== Imithombo ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;&quot; /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hgvacqs258lofebcrvkbghduij7elv9</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>122040</id>
      <parentid>122039</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:15:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziporia</username>
        <id>23285</id>
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      <origin>122040</origin>
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      <text bytes="4735" sha1="21o48f5hjavp6cbv76h30chegcer9jd" xml:space="preserve">'''ULebogang Boemo''' ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSouth African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR), okuyisikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNorth-West University futhi esisekelwa umnyango wezesayensi nokusungula izinto ezintsha waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bolimi lwedijithali emphakathini waseNingizimu Afrika okhuluma izilimi eziningi, ngokugxila kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele. 

[[File:Lebogang_Boemo.jpg|Lebogang Boemo]]

== Isizinda kanye nemisebenzi ==
ULebogang Bemoe usebenza njengoMphathi wephrojekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enesibopho sokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamasu ezisekela igunya lesikhungo sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kolimi lwedijithali. Kule ndima, udlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihlose ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika. 

Isipiliyoni sikaBoemo sangaphambilini sihlanganisa ukusebenza neSikhwama Solwazi Sikazwelonke (National Knowlegde Fund), lapho ebambe iqhaza khona ekulawuleni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto ezibalulekile zemfundo. Isizinda sakhe sokuphatha iphrojekthi kanye nokuphatha simhlomulise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze ahole imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa izigwegwe eziningi. 

== Izincazelo zolimi ==
ULebogang Bomeo ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSouth African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR), okuyisikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNorth-West University futhi esisekelwa uMnyango Wezesayensi Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bolimi lwedijithali emphakathini wezilimi eziningi waseNingizimu Afrika, ngokugxila kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele.  

ULebogang Bemoe usebenza njengoMphathi Wephrojekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enesibopho sokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamasu ezisekela igunya lesikhungo sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza Zolimi lwedijithali. kule ndima, udlale indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihlose ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika.  

Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaKama kwangaphambilini kufaka phakathi ukusebenza neSikhwama sikaSolwazi Lwazwelonke(National Knowledge Fund), lapho ayebandakanyeka khona ekuphatheni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto eziza kuqala kwezemfundo. Ukuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi kanye nesizinda sakhe sokuphatha kumhlomise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuhola imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa imikhakha eminingi.

I-SADiLaR bekuwumzamo kazwelonke wokuhlola nokubeka imephu izinsiza zolimi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuhlola kuyingxenye yomsebenzi woMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa Kolimi, okhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa ngokulinganayo kokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-11 ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nasekuphatheni.

Lesi sikhundla siqondisa eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile ye-SADiLaR, okuhlanganisa namaphrojekthi okubambisana andisa ukubonakala kolimi kanye nokufinyelela. Isibonelo, sixhumene nephrojekthi ye-SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB [[Umklamo we-SWiP|(SWiP)]], ehlose ukwandisa ukumelwa kwezilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika ku-Wikipedia kanye nokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu komphakathi wezilimi ekuthuthukiseni okuqukethwe kwedijithali okukhululekile nokuvulekile. 

Indima yakhe yobuholi ifinyelela ekumeleleni i-SADiLaR ezinkundleni zikazwelonke ezigxile emfundweni, ubuliminingi kanye nokulingana ngokobulili. Engqungqutheleni Yobuholi Besifazane Emfundweni Ephakeme, wakhuthaza ukufakwa okukhulu kwezazi zesifazane ocwaningweni lwenqubomgomo kanye nezinqubo zenqubomgomo, egcizelela ukubaluleka kobuholi obuhlukahlukene ekwakheni isimo socwaningo lwaseNingizimu Afrika.  

== Imithombo ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;&quot; group=&quot; https://sadilar.org/en/  https://sadilar.org/en/staff/?utm_source=chatgpt.com  https://sadilar.org/en/lebogang-boeme/?utm_source=chatgpt.com  https://sadilar.org/en/sadilarlanguageaudit/?utm_source=chatgpt.com  https://www.clarin.eu/news/south-africa-joins-clarin-eric-member  https://sadilar.org/en/sadilarlanguageaudit/?utm_source=chatgpt.com  https://news.nwu.ac.za/sites/news.nwu.ac.za/files/files/Robert.Balfour/Address%202019_10_18.UNISA.Impact-of-4IR-on-indigenous-languages.doc  https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/fls/article/view/9068  https://sadilar.org/en/empowering-voices-sadilar-women-champion-leadership-at-the-women-leaders-in-higher-education-summit/?utm_source=chatgpt.com  https://escalator.sadilar.org/champions/dh-oer/&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122041</id>
      <parentid>122040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:17:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziporia</username>
        <id>23285</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>122041</origin>
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      <text bytes="4879" sha1="smauum50796hkefjdxkivjctt370vlr" xml:space="preserve">'''ULebogang Boemo''' ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSouth African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR), okuyisikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNorth-West University futhi esisekelwa umnyango wezesayensi nokusungula izinto ezintsha waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bolimi lwedijithali emphakathini waseNingizimu Afrika okhuluma izilimi eziningi, ngokugxila kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele. 

[[File:Lebogang_Boemo.jpg|Lebogang Boemo]]

== Isizinda kanye nemisebenzi ==
ULebogang Bemoe usebenza njengoMphathi wephrojekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enesibopho sokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamasu ezisekela igunya lesikhungo sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kolimi lwedijithali. Kule ndima, udlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihlose ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika. 

Isipiliyoni sikaBoemo sangaphambilini sihlanganisa ukusebenza neSikhwama Solwazi Sikazwelonke (National Knowlegde Fund), lapho ebambe iqhaza khona ekulawuleni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto ezibalulekile zemfundo. Isizinda sakhe sokuphatha iphrojekthi kanye nokuphatha simhlomulise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze ahole imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa izigwegwe eziningi. 

== Izincazelo zolimi ==
ULebogang Bomeo ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSouth African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR), okuyisikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNorth-West University futhi esisekelwa uMnyango Wezesayensi Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bolimi lwedijithali emphakathini wezilimi eziningi waseNingizimu Afrika, ngokugxila kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele.  

ULebogang Bemoe usebenza njengoMphathi Wephrojekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enesibopho sokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamasu ezisekela igunya lesikhungo sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza Zolimi lwedijithali. kule ndima, udlale indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihlose ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika.  

Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaKama kwangaphambilini kufaka phakathi ukusebenza neSikhwama sikaSolwazi Lwazwelonke(National Knowledge Fund), lapho ayebandakanyeka khona ekuphatheni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto eziza kuqala kwezemfundo. Ukuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi kanye nesizinda sakhe sokuphatha kumhlomise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuhola imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa imikhakha eminingi.

I-SADiLaR bekuwumzamo kazwelonke wokuhlola nokubeka imephu izinsiza zolimi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuhlola kuyingxenye yomsebenzi woMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa Kolimi, okhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa ngokulinganayo kokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-11 ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nasekuphatheni.

Lesi sikhundla siqondisa eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile ye-SADiLaR, okuhlanganisa namaphrojekthi okubambisana andisa ukubonakala kolimi kanye nokufinyelela. Isibonelo, sixhumene nephrojekthi ye-SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB [[Umklamo we-SWiP|(SWiP)]], ehlose ukwandisa ukumelwa kwezilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika ku-Wikipedia kanye nokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu komphakathi wezilimi ekuthuthukiseni okuqukethwe kwedijithali okukhululekile nokuvulekile. 

Indima yakhe yobuholi ifinyelela ekumeleleni i-SADiLaR ezinkundleni zikazwelonke ezigxile emfundweni, ubuliminingi kanye nokulingana ngokobulili. Engqungqutheleni Yobuholi Besifazane Emfundweni Ephakeme, wakhuthaza ukufakwa okukhulu kwezazi zesifazane ocwaningweni lwenqubomgomo kanye nezinqubo zenqubomgomo, egcizelela ukubaluleka kobuholi obuhlukahlukene ekwakheni isimo socwaningo lwaseNingizimu Afrika.  

== Imithombo ==

# &lt;nowiki&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# &lt;nowiki&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/staff/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# &lt;nowiki&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/lebogang-boeme/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# &lt;nowiki&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/sadilarlanguageaudit/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.clarin.eu/news/south-africa-joins-clarin-eric-member&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# &lt;nowiki&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/sadilarlanguageaudit/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# &lt;nowiki&gt;https://news.nwu.ac.za/sites/news.nwu.ac.za/files/files/Robert.Balfour/Address%202019_10_18.UNISA.Impact-of-4IR-on-indigenous-languages.doc&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# &lt;nowiki&gt;https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/fls/article/view/9068&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# &lt;nowiki&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/empowering-voices-sadilar-women-champion-leadership-at-the-women-leaders-in-higher-education-summit/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# &lt;nowiki&gt;https://escalator.sadilar.org/champions/dh-oer/&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>smauum50796hkefjdxkivjctt370vlr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lebogang Boemo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34113</id>
    <revision>
      <id>122042</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:38:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziporia</username>
        <id>23285</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:st:Special:Redirect/revision/36561|Lebogang Boemo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>122042</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3818" sha1="dj37xmfcqbyshky98mf0u6dzw1eqp35" xml:space="preserve">U-Lebogang Bomeo ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSikhungweni SaseNingizimu Afrika Sezinsiza Zolimi Lwedijithali (i-SADiLaR), isikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNyuvesi yaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga futhi sisekelwa uMnyango Wezesayensi Nokusungula Izinto WaseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zolimi lwedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe bomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika onezilimi eziningi, kugxilwe kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazinsizakusebenza ezinganele. 

[[File:Lebogang_Boemo.jpg|Lebogang Boemo]]

U-Lebogang Boemo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leDigital Language Research and Development Centre. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana.. 

U-Lebogang Bomeo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leDigital Language Research and Development Centre. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana. 

== Izincazelo zolimi ==
ULebogang Bomeo ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSikhungweni SaseNingizimu Afrika Sezinsiza Zolimi Lwedijithali (i-SADiLaR), isikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esibanjelwe eNyuvesi yaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga futhi sisekelwa uMnyango wezeSayensi nokuQamba waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zolimi lwedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe bomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika onezilimi eziningi, kugxilwe kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsizakusebenza..  

U-Lebogang Bomeo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leSikhungo Sokucwaninga Ulimi Lwedijithali kanye Nezinsiza Zokuthuthukisa. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana.  

Isipiliyoni sikaKama sangaphambilini sihlanganisa ukusebenza neSikhwama Solwazi Sikazwelonke, lapho ayebambe iqhaza khona ekulawuleni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto ezibalulekile zemfundo. Isizinda sakhe sokuphatha iphrojekthi kanye nokuphatha simhlomise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze ahole imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa izigwegwe eziningi.

I-SADiLaR bekuwumzamo kazwelonke wokuhlola nokubeka imephu izinsiza zolimi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuhlola kuyingxenye yomsebenzi woMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa Kolimi, okhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa ngokulinganayo kokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-12 ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nasekuphatheni.

Isikhundla sengamele amanye amaphrojekthi abalulekile e-SADiLaR, okuhlanganisa amaphrojekthi okusebenzisana anweba ukubonakala nokufinyelela kolimi. Isibonelo, ixhumene nephrojekthi ye-SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB[[:st:Leano_la_SWiP|(SWiP)]] , ehlose ukukhulisa ukumelwa kwezilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika kuWikipedia futhi ikhuthaze ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu komphakathi wezilimi ekuthuthukiseni okuqukethwe kwedijithali kwamahhala, okuvulekile.

Iqhaza lakhe lobuholi lidlulela ekumeleleni i-SADiLaR ezithangamini zikazwelonke ezigxile kwezemfundo, ubuliminingi kanye nokulingana kobulili. Engqungqutheleni Yobuholi Bemfundo Ephakeme Yabesifazane, wakhuthaza ukufakwa okwengeziwe kwezifundiswa zabesifazane ocwaningweni lwenqubomgomo nasezinqubweni zenqubomgomo, egcizelela ukubaluleka kobuholi obuhlukahlukene ekulolongeni isimo socwaningo saseNingizimu Afrika.  

== Imithombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dj37xmfcqbyshky98mf0u6dzw1eqp35</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122043</id>
      <parentid>122042</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:39:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziporia</username>
        <id>23285</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:st:Special:Redirect/revision/36561|Lebogang Boemo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>122043</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3823" sha1="2u22go822mampwtoij72hkkpkp7poyw" xml:space="preserve">'''ULebogang Bomeo''' ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSikhungweni SaseNingizimu Afrika Sezinsiza Zolimi Lwedijithali (i-SADiLaR), isikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNyuvesi yaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga futhi sisekelwa uMnyango Wezesayensi Nokusungula Izinto WaseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zolimi lwedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe bomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika onezilimi eziningi, kugxilwe kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazinsizakusebenza ezinganele. 

[[File:Lebogang_Boemo.jpg|Lebogang Boemo]]

U-Lebogang Boemo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leDigital Language Research and Development Centre. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana.. 

U-Lebogang Bomeo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leDigital Language Research and Development Centre. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana. 

== Izincazelo zolimi ==
ULebogang Bomeo ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSikhungweni SaseNingizimu Afrika Sezinsiza Zolimi Lwedijithali (i-SADiLaR), isikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esibanjelwe eNyuvesi yaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga futhi sisekelwa uMnyango wezeSayensi nokuQamba waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zolimi lwedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe bomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika onezilimi eziningi, kugxilwe kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsizakusebenza..  

U-Lebogang Bomeo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leSikhungo Sokucwaninga Ulimi Lwedijithali kanye Nezinsiza Zokuthuthukisa. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana.  

Isipiliyoni sikaKama sangaphambilini sihlanganisa ukusebenza neSikhwama Solwazi Sikazwelonke, lapho ayebambe iqhaza khona ekulawuleni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto ezibalulekile zemfundo. Isizinda sakhe sokuphatha iphrojekthi kanye nokuphatha simhlomise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze ahole imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa izigwegwe eziningi.

I-SADiLaR bekuwumzamo kazwelonke wokuhlola nokubeka imephu izinsiza zolimi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuhlola kuyingxenye yomsebenzi woMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa Kolimi, okhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa ngokulinganayo kokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-12 ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nasekuphatheni.

Isikhundla sengamele amanye amaphrojekthi abalulekile e-SADiLaR, okuhlanganisa amaphrojekthi okusebenzisana anweba ukubonakala nokufinyelela kolimi. Isibonelo, ixhumene nephrojekthi ye-SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB[[:st:Leano_la_SWiP|(SWiP)]] , ehlose ukukhulisa ukumelwa kwezilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika kuWikipedia futhi ikhuthaze ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu komphakathi wezilimi ekuthuthukiseni okuqukethwe kwedijithali kwamahhala, okuvulekile.

Iqhaza lakhe lobuholi lidlulela ekumeleleni i-SADiLaR ezithangamini zikazwelonke ezigxile kwezemfundo, ubuliminingi kanye nokulingana kobulili. Engqungqutheleni Yobuholi Bemfundo Ephakeme Yabesifazane, wakhuthaza ukufakwa okwengeziwe kwezifundiswa zabesifazane ocwaningweni lwenqubomgomo nasezinqubweni zenqubomgomo, egcizelela ukubaluleka kobuholi obuhlukahlukene ekulolongeni isimo socwaningo saseNingizimu Afrika.  

== Imithombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2u22go822mampwtoij72hkkpkp7poyw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122044</id>
      <parentid>122043</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:40:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziporia</username>
        <id>23285</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:st:Special:Redirect/revision/36561|Lebogang Boemo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>122044</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3838" sha1="ppcpoo2yd0orxx52j00x31k1gq3y3tf" xml:space="preserve">'''ULebogang Bomeo''' ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSikhungweni SaseNingizimu Afrika Sezinsiza Zolimi Lwedijithali (i-SADiLaR), isikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNyuvesi yaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga futhi sisekelwa uMnyango Wezesayensi Nokusungula Izinto WaseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zolimi lwedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe bomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika onezilimi eziningi, kugxilwe kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazinsizakusebenza ezinganele. 

[[File:Lebogang_Boemo.jpg|Lebogang Boemo]]

U-Lebogang Boemo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leDigital Language Research and Development Centre. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana.. 

U-Lebogang Bomeo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leDigital Language Research and Development Centre. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana. 

== Izincazelo zolimi ==
ULebogang Bomeo ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSikhungweni SaseNingizimu Afrika Sezinsiza Zolimi Lwedijithali (i-SADiLaR), isikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esibanjelwe eNyuvesi yaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga futhi sisekelwa uMnyango wezeSayensi nokuQamba waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zolimi lwedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe bomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika onezilimi eziningi, kugxilwe kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsizakusebenza..  

U-Lebogang Bomeo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leSikhungo Sokucwaninga Ulimi Lwedijithali kanye Nezinsiza Zokuthuthukisa. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana.  

Isipiliyoni sikaKama sangaphambilini sihlanganisa ukusebenza neSikhwama Solwazi Sikazwelonke, lapho ayebambe iqhaza khona ekulawuleni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto ezibalulekile zemfundo. Isizinda sakhe sokuphatha iphrojekthi kanye nokuphatha simhlomise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze ahole imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa izigwegwe eziningi.

I-SADiLaR bekuwumzamo kazwelonke wokuhlola nokubeka imephu izinsiza zolimi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuhlola kuyingxenye yomsebenzi woMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa Kolimi, okhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa ngokulinganayo kokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-12 ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nasekuphatheni.

Isikhundla sengamele amanye amaphrojekthi abalulekile e-SADiLaR, okuhlanganisa amaphrojekthi okusebenzisana anweba ukubonakala nokufinyelela kolimi. Isibonelo, ixhumene nephrojekthi ye-SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB[[:st:Leano_la_SWiP|(SWiP)]] , ehlose ukukhulisa ukumelwa kwezilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika kuWikipedia futhi ikhuthaze ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu komphakathi wezilimi ekuthuthukiseni okuqukethwe kwedijithali kwamahhala, okuvulekile.

Iqhaza lakhe lobuholi lidlulela ekumeleleni i-SADiLaR ezithangamini zikazwelonke ezigxile kwezemfundo, ubuliminingi kanye nokulingana kobulili. Engqungqutheleni Yobuholi Bemfundo Ephakeme Yabesifazane, wakhuthaza ukufakwa okwengeziwe kwezifundiswa zabesifazane ocwaningweni lwenqubomgomo nasezinqubweni zenqubomgomo, egcizelela ukubaluleka kobuholi obuhlukahlukene ekulolongeni isimo socwaningo saseNingizimu Afrika.  

== Imithombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ppcpoo2yd0orxx52j00x31k1gq3y3tf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>122045</id>
      <parentid>122044</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:57:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziporia</username>
        <id>23285</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>122045</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4661" sha1="8q5dlr94oenvkb9s0elgukklsp4qm5z" xml:space="preserve">'''ULebogang Bomeo''' ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSikhungweni SaseNingizimu Afrika Sezinsiza Zolimi Lwedijithali (i-SADiLaR), isikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esiphethwe yiNyuvesi yaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga futhi sisekelwa uMnyango Wezesayensi Nokusungula Izinto WaseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zolimi lwedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe bomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika onezilimi eziningi, kugxilwe kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazinsizakusebenza ezinganele.&lt;ref&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[File:Lebogang_Boemo.jpg|Lebogang Boemo]]

U-Lebogang Boemo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leDigital Language Research and Development Centre. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana.&lt;ref&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/staff/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/ref&gt; 

U-Lebogang Bomeo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leDigital Language Research and Development Centre. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana.&lt;ref&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/lebogang-boeme/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Izincazelo zolimi ==
ULebogang Bomeo ungumphathi wephrojekthi eSikhungweni SaseNingizimu Afrika Sezinsiza Zolimi Lwedijithali (i-SADiLaR), isikhungo socwaningo sikazwelonke esibanjelwe eNyuvesi yaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga futhi sisekelwa uMnyango wezeSayensi nokuQamba waseNingizimu Afrika. Umgomo we-SADiLaR ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zolimi lwedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe bomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika onezilimi eziningi, kugxilwe kakhulu ezilimini ezisemthethweni ezingenazo izinsizakusebenza.&lt;ref&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/sadilarlanguageaudit/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.clarin.eu/news/south-africa-joins-clarin-eric-member&lt;/ref&gt;  

U-Lebogang Bomeo usebenza njengoMphathi weProjekthi kwa-SADiLaR, lapho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa nokusebenzisa amasu amaqhinga asekela igunya leSikhungo Sokucwaninga Ulimi Lwedijithali kanye Nezinsiza Zokuthuthukisa. Kule ndima, ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinhlelweni zikazwelonke ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubuliminingi kanye nokufakwa kwezilimi zedijithali eNingizimu Afrika yonkana.&lt;ref&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/sadilarlanguageaudit/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://news.nwu.ac.za/sites/news.nwu.ac.za/files/files/Robert.Balfour/Address%202019_10_18.UNISA.Impact-of-4IR-on-indigenous-languages.doc&lt;/ref&gt;  

Isipiliyoni sikaKama sangaphambilini sihlanganisa ukusebenza neSikhwama Solwazi Sikazwelonke, lapho ayebambe iqhaza khona ekulawuleni izinhlelo ezisekela ukufunda, ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi okuhambisana nezinto ezibalulekile zemfundo. Isizinda sakhe sokuphatha iphrojekthi kanye nokuphatha simhlomise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze ahole imizamo emikhulu, ehlanganisa izigwegwe eziningi.

I-SADiLaR bekuwumzamo kazwelonke wokuhlola nokubeka imephu izinsiza zolimi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuhlola kuyingxenye yomsebenzi woMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa Kolimi, okhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa ngokulinganayo kokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-12 ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nasekuphatheni.

Isikhundla sengamele amanye amaphrojekthi abalulekile e-SADiLaR, okuhlanganisa amaphrojekthi okusebenzisana anweba ukubonakala nokufinyelela kolimi. Isibonelo, ixhumene nephrojekthi ye-SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB[[:st:Leano_la_SWiP|(SWiP)]] , ehlose ukukhulisa ukumelwa kwezilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika kuWikipedia futhi ikhuthaze ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu komphakathi wezilimi ekuthuthukiseni okuqukethwe kwedijithali kwamahhala, okuvulekile.&lt;ref&gt;https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/fls/article/view/9068&lt;/ref&gt;

Iqhaza lakhe lobuholi lidlulela ekumeleleni i-SADiLaR ezithangamini zikazwelonke ezigxile kwezemfundo, ubuliminingi kanye nokulingana kobulili. Engqungqutheleni Yobuholi Bemfundo Ephakeme Yabesifazane, wakhuthaza ukufakwa okwengeziwe kwezifundiswa zabesifazane ocwaningweni lwenqubomgomo nasezinqubweni zenqubomgomo, egcizelela ukubaluleka kobuholi obuhlukahlukene ekulolongeni isimo socwaningo saseNingizimu Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/empowering-voices-sadilar-women-champion-leadership-at-the-women-leaders-in-higher-education-summit/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://escalator.sadilar.org/champions/dh-oer/&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Imithombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8q5dlr94oenvkb9s0elgukklsp4qm5z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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