Wikipedia zuwiki https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhasi_Elikhulu MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.23 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1728 122364 121190 2026-04-11T06:12:41Z Bayahiu 25292 rv vandalism 122364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:isiNgisi}} {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="200" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Ulimi lwesiNgisi <br /> ''English language'''''</big></big> |- | colspan="2" align="center" | |- | '''Izikhulumi''' || 1,456,000,000 | '''L1''' || 380,000,000 | '''L2''' || 1,076,000,000 | '''Umndeni wolimi''' || [[isiYurophu saseNdiya]] * [[isiJalimaniki]] ** [[isiJalimaniki saseNtshonalanga]] *** [[IsiNgisi]] |} [[File:EN English Language Symbol ISO 639-1 IETF Language Tag Icon.svg|thumb|upright|EN ([[ISO 639]]-1)]] == Ulimi lwesiNgisi == IsiNgisi (English) siwulimi olukhulunywa emhlabeni wonke ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,5 njengolimi lwabo lokuqala, lwesibili noma lwesithathu. Njengoba luqale eNgilandi, ingeyomkhaya wezilimi zaseNtshonalanga-Germany futhi iye yashintsha phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ithonywe isiLatini, isiFulentshi nezinye izilimi. Namuhla, ulimi olusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezamabhizinisi, kwezesayensi, kwezobuchwepheshe nakwezokungcebeleka. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi nokusakazeka kwayo kwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxhumana nokushintshana ngamasiko. == Isingeniso == IsiNgisi sinendima ebalulekile e-Afrika, sikhonza njengolimi oluhlanganisayo phakathi kokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezilimi zezwekazi. Kwavela njengolimi lokuphathwa kwamakoloni, futhi nanamuhla, luhlala luyingxenye ebalulekile yezemfundo, ukubusa, kanye nokushintshaniswa kwamasiko. == Umongo Ongokomlando == Ukusakazeka kwesiNgisi e-Afrika kusekelwe enkathini yamakoloni, ikakhulukazi ekoloni laseBrithani. IsiNgisi saba ulimi olusemthethweni ezizweni eziningi zase-Afrika, futhi leli fa lamakoloni laqhubeka nokwakha indima yalo ekubuseni nasebuhlotsheni bamazwe ngisho nangemva kwenkathi yenkululeko. == Ukusatshalaliswa kwesiNgisi == IsiNgisi siwulimi olusemthethweni emazweni angaphezu kuka-20 ase-Afrika, kuhlanganise namazwe amakhulu anjengeNigeria, iNingizimu Afrika, iKenya neGhana. Ezindaweni ezinokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezilimi, isiNgisi sivame ukusebenza njenge-lingua franca, sisize ukuvala izikhala zokuxhumana phakathi kwezikhulumi zezilimi zomdabu ezahlukahlukene. == Indima Emfundweni == IsiNgisi sinendima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwezemfundo lwase-Afrika, kusukela emfundweni yamabanga aphansi kuya emfundweni ephakeme. Isebenza njengendlela eyinhloko yokuthola ulwazi nezinsiza zomhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkinga, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho isiNgisi singakhulunywa khona kabanzi, ezithinta ikhono labafundi lokuqonda ngokugcwele okuqukethwe kwezemfundo futhi zikhawulele impumelelo yabo yezemfundo. == Ukuphathwa Kwebhizinisi Namabhizinisi == Emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, isiNgisi siwulimi olusemthethweni kuhulumeni, kwezomthetho nakwezamabhizinisi. Kwenza kube lula ukuba amazwe ahlangane, ahwebelane, futhi athengiselane, okwenza ukuba izizwe zase-Afrika zikwazi ukuhlanganyela ezimakethe zomhlaba. Kubasebenzi abaningi base-Afrika, ulwazi lwesiNgisi lubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wabo nasekuzibandakanyeni emnothweni womhlaba. == Umthelela Kwezamasiko == IsiNgisi sinethonya elikhulu ezincwadini, emculweni nakumabhayisikobho ase-Afrika. Abalobi abaningi abadumile base-Afrika nabenzi bamabhayisikobho basebenzisa isiNgisi ukuze bafinyelele izethameli eziningi emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, ukubusa kwesiNgisi ekukhiqizweni kwamasiko kuye kwaphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuncibilika kwezilimi zendabuko namasiko, njengoba izinkulumo eziningi zamasiko ase-Afrika zenziwa ngesiNgisi. == Izinselele == Ukusetshenziswa kwesiNgisi e-Afrika kuletha izinselele ezifana nokungalingani kolimi, lapho ulwazi lwesiNgisi luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nesimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho. Amaqembu asengozini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma ezikude, angase abe nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe emfundweni ngesiNgisi, okuqhubekisela phambili imijikelezo yokungalingani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokukhathazeka okwandayo ngokucwaswa kwezilimi zendabuko namasiko lapho kubhekene nokubusa kwesiNgisi. == Amathuba == Naphezu kwezinselele, ukuba nolwazi lwesiNgisi kunikeza amathuba abalulekile kwezomnotho nawomsebenzi. Ivula iminyango yokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe, imfundo, nemisebenzi, inikeze abantu ithuba lokuxhumana nabantu emhlabeni wonke. Ukulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwesiNgisi nokulondolozwa nokukhuthazwa kwezilimi zendawo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifa elicebile lamasiko ase-Afrika alilahleki. == Uhlu Amazwe == * [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]] * [[IMelika]] * [[IKhanada]] *[[I-Ayilendi]] *[[IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|INingizimu Afrika]] *[[IButswana]] *[[IKamerooni]] *[[I-Eritrea]] *[[I-Ithiopia]] *[[IGambia]] *[[IGana]] *[[IKenya]] *[[OSotho]] *[[ILiberia]] *[[IMorishisi]] *[[INamibhiya]] *[[INigeria]] *[[IRuwanda]] *[[IsiSeyisheli]] *[[ISiera Liyoni]] *[[ISudan]] *[[ISudan yaseNingizimu]] *[[ISwazilandi]] *[[ITanzania]] *[[IYuganda]] *[[IZambiya]] *[[IZimbabwe]] *[[I-Ostreliya]] *[[INyuzilandi]] == Umlando == {{Commonscat|English language}} {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:iNGisi}} [[Category:Izilimi]] [[Category:IsiNgisi| ]] [[Category:Izilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika]] [[Category:Izilimi zase-Afrika]] [[Category:Izilimi zaseMelika]] [[Category:Ulimi lwesingisi]] [[Category:Izilimi zesiJalimane]] [[Category:Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kwamasiko]] 200cob4v5fm9nv63nfsa48brbpww3i7 0 6251 122361 118534 2026-04-10T18:36:23Z ~2026-22161-70 25877 Photo 122361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = F.C. Internazionale Milano | image =FC Internazionale Milano 2021.svg | fullname = F.C. Internazionale Milano | nickname = | founded = [[1908]]| ground = Giuseppe Meazza, [[Milan]] | capacity = 82,995 | chairman = [[Erick Thohir]] | coach = [[Walter Mazzarri]] | league = [[Serie A]] | season = 2024-25 | position = Serie A, 2. | | pattern_la1 = _internazionale2324h | pattern_b1 = _internazionale2324h | pattern_ra1 = _internazionale2324h | pattern_sh1 = _internazionale2324h | pattern_so1 = _internazionale2324hl | leftarm1 = 0041FF | body1 = 000000 | rightarm1 = 000000 | shorts1 = 000000 | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _internazionale2324a | pattern_b2 = _internazionale2324a | pattern_ra2 = _internazionale2324a | pattern_so2 = _internazionale2324al | pattern_sh2 = | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | body2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = FFFFFF | socks2 = FFFFFF | pattern_la3 = _internazionale2324t | pattern_b3 = _internazionale2324t | pattern_ra3 = _internazionale2324t | pattern_sh3 = _internazionale2324t | pattern_so3 = _internazionale2324tl | leftarm3 = FF5F12 | body3 =FF5F12 | rightarm3 = FF5F12 | shorts3 = FF5F12 | socks3 = FF5F12 | website = http://www.inter.it }} '''F.C. Internazionale Milano''' kuyinto football club esekelwe edolobheni laseMilan elidlala ku-Serie A<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/24/inter-milan-arrives-jakarta-prepare-two-friendlies.html |title=Inter Milan arrives in Jakarta to prepare for two friendlies |work=The Jakarta Post |access-date=25 July 2013 |date=24 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928143528/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/24/inter-milan-arrives-jakarta-prepare-two-friendlies.html |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Grove|first1=Daryl|title=10 Soccer Things You Might Be Saying Incorrectly|date=22 December 2014|url=http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2014/11/10-soccer-things-you-might-be-saying-wrong.html|work=[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]]|access-date=21 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730161714/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2014/11/10-soccer-things-you-might-be-saying-wrong.html|archive-date=30 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theathletic.com/4308623/2023/03/16/sporting-lisbon-athletic-bilbao-wrong-name/|title=From Sporting Lisbon to Athletic Bilbao — why do we get foreign clubs' names wrong?|first=Michael|last=Cox|work=The Athletic|date=16 March 2023}}</ref>. == Imiklomelo == === Izihloko zesizwe === * '''[[Serie A]]''': : Prima Categoria 1909-1910; Prima Categoria 1919-1920; [[Serie A 1929-1930|1929-1930]]; [[Serie A 1937-1938|1937-1938]]; [[Serie A 1939-1940|1939-1940]]; [[Serie A 1952-1953|1952-1953]]; [[Serie A 1953-1954|1953-1954]]; [[Serie A 1962-1963|1962-1963]]; [[Serie A 1964-1965|1964-1965]]; [[Serie A 1965-1966|1965-1966]] [[File:Star*.svg|15px]] : [[Serie A 1970-1971|1970-1971]]; [[Serie A 1979-1980|1979-1980]]; [[Serie A 1988-1989|1988-1989]]; [[Serie A 2005-2006|2005-2006]]; [[Serie A 2006-2007|2006-2007]]; [[Serie A 2007-2008|2007-2008]]; [[Serie A 2008-2009|2008-2009]]; [[Serie A 2009-2010|2009-2010]], 2020/21, 2023/24 * '''[[Coppa Italia]]''':7 :[[Coppa Italia 1938-1939|1938-1939]]; [[Coppa Italia 1977-1978|1977-1978]]; [[Coppa Italia 1981-1982|1981-1982]]; [[Coppa Italia 2004-2005|2004-2005]]; [[Coppa Italia 2005-2006|2005-2006]]; [[Coppa Italia 2009-2010|2009-2010]]; [[Coppa Italia 2010-2011|2010-2011]] * '''[[Supercoppa italiana]]''':5 :[[Supercoppa italiana of soccer 1989|1989]]; [[Supercoppa italiana of soccer 2005|2005]]; [[Supercoppa italiana of soccer 2006|2006]]; [[Supercoppa italiana of soccer 2008|2008]]; [[Supercoppa italiana of soccer 2010|2010]] === International titles === * '''[[Champions League]]''':3 :1963-1964; 1964-1965; [[UEFA Champions League 2009-2010|2009-2010]] * '''[[UEFA Cup]]''' :3 :[[UEFA Cup 1990-1991|1990-1991]]; [[UEFA Cup 1993-1994|1993-1994]]; [[UEFA Cup 1997-1998|1997-1998]] * '''Intercontinental Cup''':2 :1964; 1965 * '''World Cup of Club''':1 :2010 == Imithombo == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Amakhasi amangaphandle == * [http://www.inter.it/ Inter.it] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fc-internazionale-milano/788/ Globalsportsarchive] {{Stub}} {{Template:Serie A}} [[Category:Serie A clubs]] bdyjyrs1vtzj1wv86zwnoccm6d5kfj8 2 9772 122360 121468 2026-04-10T17:12:24Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 122360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q3401753 OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from } OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to } } |section= |sort=?from |sort_order=desc |one_row_per_item=no |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q117472023|Judith Suminwa]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 2024-06-12 | | [[File:Prime Minister of DRC Judith Suminwa Tuluka (2025) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q105523479|Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde Kyenge]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 2021-04-26 | 2024-06-12 | [[File:Secretary Blinken Meets With DRC Prime Minister Lukonde (52276160562) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q63967715|Ilunga Ilunkamba Sylvestre]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 2019-05-20 | 2021-01-28 | [[File:Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29239480|Bruno Tshibala]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 2017-05-18 | 2019-09-07 | [[File:Bruno Tshibala.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17639110|Samy Badibanga]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-18 | [[File:Samy Badibanga 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3190411|Justin Marie Bomboko]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 1960-09-14 | 1961-02-09 | [[File:Aankomst op Schiphol van Justin Bomboko minister in reg Ileo op doorreis naar P, Bestanddeelnr 911-6367.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3078546|Koyagialo Ngbase te Gerengo Louis Alphonse]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 2012-03-06 | 2012-04-18 | [[File:Photo Louis Koyagialo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1879477|Léonard Mulamba]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 1965-11-24 | 1966-10-25 | [[File:Léonard Mulamba.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1429232|Joseph Iléo]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 1961-02-09 | 1961-08-02 | [[File:Joseph Iléo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1429232|Joseph Iléo]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 1960-09-05 | 1960-09-20 | [[File:Joseph Iléo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q365790|Adolphe Muzito]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 2008-10-10 | 2012-03-06 | [[File:Adolphe Muzito - 2009.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q334830|Tchombé Moïse]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 1964-07-10 | 1965-10-13 | [[File:26.2.63. Moïse Tshombe arrive à Toulouse (1963) - 53Fi5440 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q316942|Antoine Gizenga]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 2006-12-30 | 2008-10-10 | [[File:Antoine Gizenga.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q182309|Cyrille Adoula]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]]<br/>[[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]] | 1961-08-02 | 1964-06-30 | [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F017179-0014, Auswärtiges Amt, Besuch Ministerpräsident Kongo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q176414|Évariste Kimba]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 1965-10-13 | 1965-11-25 | |- | ''[[:d:Q161672|Patrice Lumumba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q618399|Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)]]'' | 1960-06-24 | 1960-09-14 | [[File:PatriceLumumba1960.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57883|Matata Ponyo Mapon Augustin]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | 2012-04-18 | 2016-11-17 | [[File:Matata Ponyo Mapon.jpg|center|128px]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} gocujwljmpsw3yqeh99f6540wy4g0b7 2 10312 122356 108546 2026-04-10T14:51:30Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 122356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q1145005 } |section= |sort=label |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P18:Image,P242:Map |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Image ! Map |- | ''[[:d:Q1050497|Eastern Province]]'' | | [[ISiera Liyoni]] | | [[File:Eastern Province in Sierra Leone 2018.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43371075|North West Province]]'' | | [[ISiera Liyoni]] | | [[File:North West Province in Sierra Leone 2018.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q912359|Northern Province]]'' | | [[ISiera Liyoni]] | | [[File:Northern Province in Sierra Leone 2018.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q772185|Southern Province]]'' | | [[ISiera Liyoni]] | | [[File:Southern Province in Sierra Leone 2018.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1050475|Western Area]]'' | | [[ISiera Liyoni]] | [[File:Sierra leone mounts , on the road to Bo . Oct 2010 - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:Western Area in Sierra Leone 2018.svg|center|128px]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} ikm6gzas6jdg801828gcc8yxzesiikl 2 11136 122362 121301 2026-04-10T18:37:29Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 122362 wikitext text/x-wiki The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q965 Scholia for Burkino Faso] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?number_of_authors ?number_of_works ?item (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "/missing|📖]]") AS ?scholia) WITH { SELECT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors) (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works) WHERE { ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q965 . ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item . ?work wdt:P50 ?author . } GROUP BY ?item } AS %results WHERE { INCLUDE %results SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh". } } ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia |columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Organization ! Number of authors ! Publications (known/missing) |- | ''[[:d:Q1076606|University Joseph Ki-Zerbo]]'' | 16 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1076606|44]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1076606/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1003588|Francophonie]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30255688|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30255688|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30255688/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113551179|Cercle d'Études, de Recherches et de Formation Islamiques]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q113551179|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q113551179/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113551236|Mouvement Sunnite du Burkina Faso]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q113551236|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q113551236/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30262804|West African Health Organisation]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262804|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262804/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30281598|Centre Muraz]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30281598|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30281598/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q989437|Emmaus]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q989437|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q989437/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} fuilpfrgz6jgke6g0r4fjnrgdw92mx6 2 11173 122359 121519 2026-04-10T16:04:46Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 122359 wikitext text/x-wiki The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q948 Scholia for Tunesia] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?number_of_authors ?number_of_works ?item (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "/missing|📖]]") AS ?scholia) WITH { SELECT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors) (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works) WHERE { ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q948 . ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item . ?work wdt:P50 ?author . } GROUP BY ?item } AS %results WHERE { INCLUDE %results SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh". } } ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia |columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Organization ! Number of authors ! Publications (known/missing) |- | ''[[:d:Q3551686|Tunis University]]'' | 18 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551686|113]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551686/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q117284552|UR21ES01]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q117284552|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q117284552/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q784477|Tunisian Writers Union]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q784477|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q784477/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4164494|Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4164494|15]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4164494/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q539918|Ash'ari]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q428136|Ez-Zitouna University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q428136|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q428136/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236035|Faculty of Human and Social Sciences of Tunis]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236035|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236035/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q100979927|Kairouan Yeshiva]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100979927|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100979927/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12193455|Institut supérieur de théologie de Tunis]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12193455|51]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12193455/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12193512|Higher Institute of Music]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12193512|51]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12193512/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1003588|Francophonie]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16684287|Higher School of War]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16684287|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16684287/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q540341|University of Sfax]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q540341|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q540341/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56085233|Wikimedians of Tamazight User Group]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q56085233|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q56085233/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q91611455|Faculty of Sciences of Sfax]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q91611455|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q91611455/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12244312|Institut des Hautes Etudes de Tunis]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244312|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244312/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1291779|Al-Zaytunah Mosque]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1291779|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1291779/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16529070|Association for the protection of the medina of Tunis]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16529070|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16529070/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22928671|Normal Higher School of Tunis]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22928671|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22928671/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3268554|Alaoui Lyceum]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3268554|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3268554/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3513937|Taht Essour]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3513937|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3513937/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q108866852|Bouden Cabinet]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108866852|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108866852/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12192657|École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12192657|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12192657/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q135063577|Merian Centre for Advanced Studies in the Maghreb (MECAM)]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q135063577|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q135063577/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2860551|National Archives of Tunisia]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2860551|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2860551/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3416753|Radio Monastir]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3416753|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3416753/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3551596|University of Jendouba]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551596|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551596/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3551602|University of Kairouan]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551602|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551602/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3551673|University of Sousse]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551673|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551673/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4672520|Access Now]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4672520|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4672520/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q586066|Tunisian Communist Party]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q586066|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q586066/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q649578|University of Gabès]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q649578|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q649578/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q96271739|LR11ES01]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96271739|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96271739/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q96272020|LR16AGR01]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96272020|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96272020/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 5cpcrldvf9e3xi46gpk58vmzdhqzua2 4 33079 122363 115389 2026-04-10T19:08:31Z ~2026-22149-83 25878 122363 wikitext text/x-wiki . Izi nganekwane Zihlukile kukhona ezikhuluma ngabantu kuphinde kube nezi nganekwane ezikhuluma ngezilwane. .kodwa inganekwane yempela kumele ukhulume ngezilwane. . Inganekwane kumele ibe neziphawulo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi lena iyi nganekwane. . Inganekwane akumelanga ibe naba lingiswa abaningi. . Inganekwane nendaba emfushane akusi yinto eyodwa indaba emfushane ibhalwa ngendlela yayo Kanye nenganekwane ibhalwa ngendlela yabo apsyd5nlmo9l8cjktnx2gddh6gddi4v 0 33450 122367 119065 2026-04-11T10:53:22Z Makenzis 13067 122367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FK Žalgiris | image = | upright = 0.7 | fullname = Futbolo klubas "Žalgiris"<ref>{{cite web|title=Administracija|url=http://www.fkzalgiris.lt/lt/administracija|website=Fkzalgiris.lt|publisher=Vilniaus miesto futbolo draugija "Žalgiris"|access-date=29 January 2016}}</ref> | nickname = Žaliai Balti (The Green Whites) | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|16 May 1947}} | ground = FK Žalgiris Stadium | capacity = 5,067 | chairman = Mindaugas Kasperūnas | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = | league = [[TOPLYGA]] | season = [[2025 A Lyga|2025]] | position = A Lyga, 3rd of 10 | website = {{URL|http://www.fkzalgiris.lt}} | pattern_la1 = _hummelcoreXKjbw | pattern_b1 = _hummelcoreXKSjbw | pattern_ra1 = _hummelcoreXKjbw | pattern_sh1 = | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = | pattern_b2 = | pattern_ra2 = | pattern_sh2 = | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = | pattern_b3 = | pattern_ra3 = | pattern_sh3 = | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = | body3 = | rightarm3 = | shorts3 = | socks3 = }} [[File:Gdansk autokar Zalgiris Vilnius.jpg|thumb|Ibhasi leqembu lase-Žalgiris elibhalwe iminyaka yesihloko]] [[File:LFF2 by Augustas Didzgalvis.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Inkundla Yasekhaya ye-FK Žalgiris]] [[File:Fans of Zalgiris Vilnius.JPG|300px|thumb|Pietų IV]] '''I-Futbolo klubas Žalgiris''', eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi '''i-FK Žalgiris''', '''i-Žalgiris Vilnius''' noma '''i-Žalgiris''' nje, iyiklabhu yebhola lochwepheshe yaseLithuania eseVilnius. Le kilabhu incintisana ne-[[TOPLYGA]], iqembu elihamba phambili lebhola laseLithuania. Le kilabhu yasungulwa njenge-Dinamo ngo-1947. == Imiklomelo == === Izihloko zesizwe === ; {{flagicon|Lithuania}} '''[[TOPLYGA]], A lyga:''' * '''Abanqobi (11):''' 1991, 1992, 1999, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024 ; {{flagicon|Lithuania}} '''LFF Taurė:''' * '''Abanqobi (14):''' 1991, 1993, 1994, 1997, 2003 (ekwindla), 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 (intwasahlobo kanye nekwindla), 2018, 2021, 2022 ; {{flagicon|Lithuania}} '''Supertaurė:''' * '''Abanqobi (8):''' 2003, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2023 == Izinkathi Zonyaka == === FK Žalgiris === ;FK Žalgiris (''Futbolo klubas Žalgiris'') {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Isizini !Izinga !Iligi !Isikhundla !Izinkomba !Amanothi |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#" style="text-align:center;"| '''.''' | <ref>[https://toplyga.lt/turnyrine-lentele/1 TOPLYGA 2026]</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2025''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#DEB678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2025 }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2024 }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2023''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2023 }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2022 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center; background:gold;"| 🏆 '''LFF taurė''' |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2021 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center; background:gold;"| 🏆 '''LFF taurė''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2020 }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2019 }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2018 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center; background:gold;"| 🏆 '''LFF taurė''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2017 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center; background:silver;"| 🏆 '''LFF taurė''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2016 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center; background:gold;"| 🏆 '''2x: LFF taurė''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2015 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center; background:gold;"| 🏆 '''LFF taurė''' |- |} === VMFD Žalgiris === ;VMFD Žalgiris (''Vilniaus miesto futbolo draugija Žalgiris'') {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Isizini !Izinga !Iligi !Isikhundla !Izinkomba !Amanothi |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2014 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center; background:gold;"| 🏆 '''LFF taurė''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2013.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2013 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center; background:gold;"| 🏆 '''LFF taurė''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2012''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2012.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2012 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center; background:gold;"| 🏆 '''LFF taurė''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2011''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2011.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2011 }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2010''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2010.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2010 }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2009''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito09.html#alyga | title=Lithuania 2009 }}</ref> | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| [[File:1uparrow green.svg|17px]] '''Khula kuze kube''' |- |} == Izingubo == ;Izingubo zemidlalo ziyashintshwa * Ekhaya, bagqoka izingubo eziluhlaza. {| |{{Football kit | pattern_la=_white_stripes|pattern_b=_whitestripes|pattern_ra=_white_stripes| leftarm=339933|body=339933|rightarm=339933|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=FFFFFF| title= {{small|2017}} }} |{{Football kit | pattern_la=_white_stripes|pattern_b=_whitestripes|pattern_ra=_white_stripes| leftarm=339933|body=339933|rightarm=339933|shorts=339933|socks=339933| title= {{small|2017}} }} |{{Football kit | pattern_la=_rioave1819h|pattern_b=_rioave1819h|pattern_ra=_rioave1819h| leftarm=FFFFFF|body=339933|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=FFFFFF| title= {{small|2018}} }} |{{Football kit | pattern_la=_rioave1819h|pattern_b=_rioave1819h|pattern_ra=_rioave1819h| leftarm=339933|body=339933|rightarm=339933|shorts=339933|socks=339933| title= {{small|2018}} }} |} == Imithombo == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Amakhasi amangaphandle == * [http://www.fkzalgiris.lt/ Official Site] * [http://www.toplyga.lt/komanda/zalgiris TOPLYGA] * [https://www.soccerway.com/team/zalgiris/fuLOijFI/ SOCCERWAY] * [https://www.flashscore.com/team/zalgiris/fuLOijFI/ FLASHSCORE] * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/zalgiris-vilnius/startseite/verein/602 Transfermarkt] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-zalgiris-vilnius/15837/ Globalsportsarchive] {{TOPLYGA}} [[Category:TOPLYGA]] [[Category:ILithuwaniya]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Žalgiris, FK}} rjvn3fv4onxv22emw4y0d10ktidd1y9 0 34143 122354 2026-04-10T13:08:21Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "'''Ubungcithabuchopho''' (ibizongxube, ingcitha + ubuchopho) noma '''iziqu zobungcithabuchopho''' yiziqu zakwaNgqondonkulu amanyuvesi nezinye izikhungo zemfundo zokuklomelisa futhi ezigunyaza abafunde bagogoda ukuba bafundise abanye. Igama eliyibizomfakela elithi ubudokotela lithathwe egameni lesiNgisi elithi doctorate elibolekwe egameni lesiLathini sasendulo elithi licentia docendi ("imvume yokufundisa). Emazweni amaningi, iziqu zocwaningo zifanelekela ozinikwayo ukuba..." 122354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubungcithabuchopho''' (ibizongxube, ingcitha + ubuchopho) noma '''iziqu zobungcithabuchopho''' yiziqu zakwaNgqondonkulu amanyuvesi nezinye izikhungo zemfundo zokuklomelisa futhi ezigunyaza abafunde bagogoda ukuba bafundise abanye. Igama eliyibizomfakela elithi ubudokotela lithathwe egameni lesiNgisi elithi doctorate elibolekwe egameni lesiLathini sasendulo elithi licentia docendi ("imvume yokufundisa). Emazweni amaningi, iziqu zocwaningo zifanelekela ozinikwayo ukuba afundise ezingeni lenyuvesi emkhakheni aklonyeliswe kuwo noma ukusebenza njengengcwepheshi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zeziqu zobungcithabuchopho; ezivame kakhulu ingcithabuchopho yeFilosofi (PhD), eklonyeliswa emikhakheni eminingi ehlukene, kusukela kwezoluntu kuya emikhakheni wenzululwazi. Amanyuvesi amaningi aphinde anikeze iziqu zobungcithabuchopho zokuhlonipha kubantu ababhekwa njengabafanelwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile, kungaba ngomsebenzi wobungcweti noma eminye iminikelo enyuvesi noma emphakathini. ==uMlando nomsukagama== Igama elithi '''ingcithabuchopho''' igama lesiZulu elihumusha elithi doctor elivela kwelesiLatini, elisho "umfundisi" noma "umyali". Imvume yokufundisa ebizwa -doctoratus (isiLatini: doctoratus ) yavela eYurophu yasendulo njengemvume yokufundisa ulimi lesiLatini ( licentia docendi ) enyuvesi . [1] Imvelaphi yayo isesontweni lokuqala lapho igama elithi doctor lalibhekisela kubaPhostoli, oBaba beSonto, kanye nezinye iziphathimandla zobuKristu ezazifundisa futhi zihlakahla iBhayibheli . Ilungelo lokunikeza i -licentia docendi ekuqaleni laligcinelwe iSonto LamaKatolika, elalidinga ukuthi umfakisicelo aphumelele isivivinyo, afunge isifungo sokwethembeka, futhi akhokhe imali. Abafaka izicelo babehlolwa ukuthi banekhono yini. [1] Leli lungelo lahlala liyithambo lokuphikisana phakathi kweziphathimandla zesonto namanyuvesi, lapho zizihlukanisa lusilili neSonto. Ngowe-1213 leli lungelo lalinikezwa upapa eNyuvesi yaseParis, lapho elaphenduka khona imvume yokufundisa ( licentia ubique docendi ). [1] Lemvume yaba nesikhundla esiphakeme kuneziqu zemfunda (-bachelor baccalaureus ), ezancishiswa zaba yisinyathelo esiphakathi sokufinyelela iziqu zobuhuqazi (-master : magister ) kanye nezobungcitha, zombili manje ezaba yiziqu zokufundisa ezamukelekayo. [1] Ngokusho kukaKeith Allan Noble (1994), iziqu zobungcithabuchopho zokuqala zanikezwa eParis yasendulo cishe ngo-1150 yiNyuvesi yaseParis. NgesiZulu elithi ingcithabuchopho liyibizongxube elihlanganisa elithi ingcitha nelithi ubuchopho. Elithi ingcitha lisho umuntu ochithayo oma ochithisayo. Isichazamazwi sikaDoke noVilakazi sithi isenzo 'ukuchithisa' sisho ukuhlakahlisa, ukuthwesa, ukwenza umfundi ahlakaniphe ngolwazi. Uma ukuchithisa kuyisenenzo sokufundisa, kusho ukuthi ingcitha ingumfundisi ogogodile okwazi ukuqeqesha nokuqaqatha abanye. Ingcithabuchopho ichitha ubuchopho, noma ibachithisa ngobuchopho (inhlakanipho) bayo. Elithi ingcithabuchopho lisahambisana nebizo elithi Ubungcithabuchopho befilosofi, njengoba eningizimu yeYurophu, yonke imikhakha (efana nomlando, ifilosofi, inzululwazi yezenhlalo, umchazazibalo, kanye nefilosofi yemvelo / nenzululwazi yemvelo ) [1] yayaziwa ngokwesiko njengefilosofi. Ubungcithabichopho befilosofi busanamathela kulo mkhuba womlando, yize iziqu eziningi zingezona ezokufunda ifilosofi uqobo. UChris Park uchaza ukuthi kwaze kwaba yilapho izinhlelo zemfundo ezisemthethweni kanye neziqu sezibekwe ezingeni elifanayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 lapho i-Doctorate of Philosophy yaphinde yethulwa eJalimane (kulokho okwakuzoba yi- Humboldt University of Berlin ) njengeziqu zocwaningo, [2] efushaniswe ngokuthi uDkt. phil. (okufana ne-Ph.D. emazweni ase-Anglo-America). t2uas15rqgwg108srexdtzlgltbqe9z 122355 122354 2026-04-10T13:17:25Z Fongcwele 16873 122355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubungcithabuchopho''' (ibizongxube, ingcitha + ubuchopho) noma '''iziqu zobungcithabuchopho''' yiziqu zakwaNgqondonkulu amanyuvesi nezinye izikhungo zemfundo zokuklomelisa futhi ezigunyaza abafunde bagogoda ukuba bafundise abanye. Igama eliyibizomfakela elithi ''ubudokotela'' lithathwe egameni lesiNgisi elithi ''doctorate'' elibolekwe egameni lesiLathini sasendulo elithi ''licentia docendi'' ("imvume yokufundisa). Emazweni amaningi, iziqu zocwaningo zigunyaza ozinikwayo ukuba afundise ezingeni lenyuvesi emkhakheni aklonyeliswe kuwo noma ukusebenza njengengcwepheshi emkhakheni wazo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zeziqu zobungcithabuchopho; ezivame kakhulu ingcithabuchopho yeFilosofi (PhD), eklonyeliswa emikhakheni eminingi ehlukene, kusukela kwezoluntu kuya emikhakheni wenzululwazi. Amanyuvesi amaningi aphinde anikeze iziqu zobungcithabuchopho zokuhlonipha kubantu ababhekwa njengabafanelwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile, kungaba ngomsebenzi wobungcweti noma eminye iminikelo enyuvesi noma emphakathini. ==uMlando nomsukagama== Igama elithi '''ingcithabuchopho''' igama lesiZulu elihumusha elithi ''doctor'' elivela kwelesiLatini, elisho "umfundisi" noma "umyali". Imvume yokufundisa ebizwa ''-doctoratus'' (isiLatini: ''doctoratus'' ) yavela eYurophu yasendulo njengemvume yokufundisa ulimi lesiLatini ( ''licentia docendi'' ) [[INyuvesi|enyuvesi]] . Imvelaphi yayo iseBandleni lokuqala lapho igama elithi ''doctor'' lalibhekisela kubaPhostoli, oBaba beSonto, kanye nezinye iziphathimandla zobuKristu ezazifundisa futhi zihlakahla iBhayibheli . Ilungelo lokunikeza i ''-licentia docendi'' ekuqaleni laligcinelwe iSonto LamaKatolika, elalidinga ukuthi umfakisicelo aphumelele isivivinyo, afunge isifungo sokwethembeka, futhi akhokhe imali. Abafaka izicelo babehlolwa ukuthi banekhono yini. Leli lungelo lahlala liyithambo lokuphikisana phakathi kweziphathimandla zesonto namanyuvesi, lapho zizihlukanisa lusilili neSonto. Ngowe-1213 leli lungelo lalinikezwa upapa eNyuvesi yaseParis, lapho elaphenduka khona imvume yokufundisa ( ''licentia ubique docendi'' ). Lemvume yaba nesikhundla esiphakeme kuneziqu zemfunda (''-bachelor baccalaureus'' ), ezancishiswa zaba yisinyathelo esiphakathi sokufinyelela iziqu zobuhuqazi ''(-master : magister'' ) kanye nezobungcitha, zombili manje ezaba yiziqu zokufundisa ezamukelekayo. Ngokusho kukaKeith Allan Noble (1994), iziqu zobungcithabuchopho zokuqala zanikezwa eParis yasendulo cishe ngo-1150 yiNyuvesi yaseParis. NgesiZulu elithi ingcithabuchopho liyibizongxube elihlanganisa elithi ingcitha nelithi ubuchopho. Elithi ingcitha lisho umuntu ochithayo oma ochithisayo. Isichazamazwi sikaDoke noVilakazi sithi isenzo 'ukuchithisa' sisho ukuhlakahlisa, ukuthwesa, ukwenza umfundi ahlakaniphe ngolwazi. Uma ukuchithisa kuyisenenzo sokufundisa, kusho ukuthi ingcitha ingumfundisi ogogodile okwazi ukuqeqesha nokuqaqatha abanye. Ingcithabuchopho ichitha ubuchopho, noma ibachithisa ngobuchopho (inhlakanipho) bayo. Elithi ingcithabuchopho lisahambisana nebizo elithi Ubungcithabuchopho befilosofi, njengoba eningizimu yeYurophu, yonke imikhakha (efana nomlando, ifilosofi, inzululwazi yezenhlalo, umchazazibalo, kanye nenzululwazi yemvelo yayaziwa ngokwesiko njengefilosofi. Ubungcithabichopho befilosofi busanamathela kulo mkhuba womlando, yize iziqu eziningi zingezona ezokufunda ifilosofi uqobo. UChris Park uchaza ukuthi kwaze kwaba yilapho izinhlelo zemfundo ezisemthethweni kanye neziqu sezibekwe ezingeni elifanayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 lapho ''i-Doctorate of Philosophy'' yaphinde yethulwa eJalimane (kulokho okwakuzoba yi- Humboldt University of Berlin ) njengeziqu zocwaningo, [2] efushaniswe ngokuthi uDkt. phil. (okufana ne-Ph.D. emazweni ase-Anglo-America). ertrbiyb137s5yghcv7ntfsfwqec1bj 122357 122355 2026-04-10T14:53:51Z Fongcwele 16873 122357 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dr._Garrick.jpg|alt=Dr._Garrick|right|Ingcithabuchopho uGarrick ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu zobungcithabuchopho]] '''Ubungcithabuchopho''' (ibizongxube, ingcitha + ubuchopho) noma '''iziqu zobungcithabuchopho''' yiziqu zakwaNgqondonkulu amanyuvesi nezinye izikhungo zemfundo zokuklomelisa futhi ezigunyaza abafunde bagogoda ukuba bafundise abanye. Igama eliyibizomfakela elithi ''ubudokotela'' lithathwe egameni lesiNgisi elithi ''doctorate'' elibolekwe egameni lesiLathini sasendulo elithi ''licentia docendi'' ("imvume yokufundisa). Emazweni amaningi, iziqu zocwaningo zigunyaza ozinikwayo ukuba afundise ezingeni lenyuvesi emkhakheni aklonyeliswe kuwo noma ukusebenza njengengcwepheshi emkhakheni wazo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zeziqu zobungcithabuchopho; ezivame kakhulu ingcithabuchopho yeFilosofi (PhD), eklonyeliswa emikhakheni eminingi ehlukene, kusukela kwezoluntu kuya emikhakheni wenzululwazi. Amanyuvesi amaningi aphinde anikeze iziqu zobungcithabuchopho zokuhlonipha kubantu ababhekwa njengabafanelwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile, kungaba ngomsebenzi wobungcweti noma eminye iminikelo enyuvesi noma emphakathini. ==uMlando nomsukagama== Igama elithi '''ingcithabuchopho''' igama lesiZulu elihumusha elithi ''doctor'' elivela kwelesiLatini, elisho "umfundisi" noma "umyali". Imvume yokufundisa ebizwa ''-doctoratus'' (isiLatini: ''doctoratus'' ) yavela eYurophu yasendulo njengemvume yokufundisa ulimi lesiLatini ( ''licentia docendi'' ) [[INyuvesi|enyuvesi]] . Imvelaphi yayo iseBandleni lokuqala lapho igama elithi ''doctor'' lalibhekisela kubaPhostoli, oBaba beSonto, kanye nezinye iziphathimandla zobuKristu ezazifundisa futhi zihlakahla iBhayibheli . Ilungelo lokunikeza i ''-licentia docendi'' ekuqaleni laligcinelwe iSonto LamaKatolika, elalidinga ukuthi umfakisicelo aphumelele isivivinyo, afunge isifungo sokwethembeka, futhi akhokhe imali. Abafaka izicelo babehlolwa ukuthi banekhono yini. Leli lungelo lahlala liyithambo lokuphikisana phakathi kweziphathimandla zesonto namanyuvesi, lapho zizihlukanisa lusilili neSonto. Ngowe-1213 leli lungelo lalinikezwa upapa eNyuvesi yaseParis, lapho elaphenduka khona imvume yokufundisa ( ''licentia ubique docendi'' ). Lemvume yaba nesikhundla esiphakeme kuneziqu zemfunda (''-bachelor baccalaureus'' ), ezancishiswa zaba yisinyathelo esiphakathi sokufinyelela iziqu zobuhuqazi ''(-master : magister'' ) kanye nezobungcitha, zombili manje ezaba yiziqu zokufundisa ezamukelekayo. Ngokusho kukaKeith Allan Noble (1994), iziqu zobungcithabuchopho zokuqala zanikezwa eParis yasendulo cishe ngo-1150 yiNyuvesi yaseParis. NgesiZulu elithi ingcithabuchopho liyibizongxube elihlanganisa elithi ingcitha nelithi ubuchopho. Elithi ingcitha lisho umuntu ochithayo oma ochithisayo. Isichazamazwi sikaDoke noVilakazi sithi isenzo 'ukuchithisa' sisho ukuhlakahlisa, ukuthwesa, ukwenza umfundi ahlakaniphe ngolwazi. Uma ukuchithisa kuyisenenzo sokufundisa, kusho ukuthi ingcitha ingumfundisi ogogodile okwazi ukuqeqesha nokuqaqatha abanye. Ingcithabuchopho ichitha ubuchopho, noma ibachithisa ngobuchopho (inhlakanipho) bayo. Elithi ingcithabuchopho lisahambisana nebizo elithi Ubungcithabuchopho befilosofi, njengoba eningizimu yeYurophu, yonke imikhakha (efana nomlando, ifilosofi, inzululwazi yezenhlalo, umchazazibalo, kanye nenzululwazi yemvelo yayaziwa ngokwesiko njengefilosofi. Ubungcithabichopho befilosofi busanamathela kulo mkhuba womlando, yize iziqu eziningi zingezona ezokufunda ifilosofi uqobo. UChris Park uchaza ukuthi kwaze kwaba yilapho izinhlelo zemfundo ezisemthethweni kanye neziqu sezibekwe ezingeni elifanayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 lapho ''i-Doctorate of Philosophy'' yaphinde yethulwa eJalimane (kulokho okwakuzoba yi- Humboldt University of Berlin ) njengeziqu zocwaningo, [2] efushaniswe ngokuthi uDkt. phil. (okufana ne-Ph.D. emazweni ase-Anglo-America). sqpsmzxuclf9xxj6hfkdqy6da8ymp8b 122358 122357 2026-04-10T14:56:06Z Fongcwele 16873 122358 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dr._Garrick.jpg|thumb||right|Ingcithabuchopho uR.S Garrick ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu zobungcithabuchopho]] '''Ubungcithabuchopho''' (ibizongxube, ingcitha + ubuchopho) noma '''iziqu zobungcithabuchopho''' yiziqu zakwaNgqondonkulu amanyuvesi nezinye izikhungo zemfundo zokuklomelisa futhi ezigunyaza abafunde bagogoda ukuba bafundise abanye. Igama eliyibizomfakela elithi ''ubudokotela'' lithathwe egameni lesiNgisi elithi ''doctorate'' elibolekwe egameni lesiLathini sasendulo elithi ''licentia docendi'' ("imvume yokufundisa). Emazweni amaningi, iziqu zocwaningo zigunyaza ozinikwayo ukuba afundise ezingeni lenyuvesi emkhakheni aklonyeliswe kuwo noma ukusebenza njengengcwepheshi emkhakheni wazo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zeziqu zobungcithabuchopho; ezivame kakhulu ingcithabuchopho yeFilosofi (PhD), eklonyeliswa emikhakheni eminingi ehlukene, kusukela kwezoluntu kuya emikhakheni wenzululwazi. Amanyuvesi amaningi aphinde anikeze iziqu zobungcithabuchopho zokuhlonipha kubantu ababhekwa njengabafanelwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile, kungaba ngomsebenzi wobungcweti noma eminye iminikelo enyuvesi noma emphakathini. ==uMlando nomsukagama== Igama elithi '''ingcithabuchopho''' igama lesiZulu elihumusha elithi ''doctor'' elivela kwelesiLatini, elisho "umfundisi" noma "umyali". Imvume yokufundisa ebizwa ''-doctoratus'' (isiLatini: ''doctoratus'' ) yavela eYurophu yasendulo njengemvume yokufundisa ulimi lesiLatini ( ''licentia docendi'' ) [[INyuvesi|enyuvesi]] . Imvelaphi yayo iseBandleni lokuqala lapho igama elithi ''doctor'' lalibhekisela kubaPhostoli, oBaba beSonto, kanye nezinye iziphathimandla zobuKristu ezazifundisa futhi zihlakahla iBhayibheli . Ilungelo lokunikeza i ''-licentia docendi'' ekuqaleni laligcinelwe iSonto LamaKatolika, elalidinga ukuthi umfakisicelo aphumelele isivivinyo, afunge isifungo sokwethembeka, futhi akhokhe imali. Abafaka izicelo babehlolwa ukuthi banekhono yini. Leli lungelo lahlala liyithambo lokuphikisana phakathi kweziphathimandla zesonto namanyuvesi, lapho zizihlukanisa lusilili neSonto. Ngowe-1213 leli lungelo lalinikezwa upapa eNyuvesi yaseParis, lapho elaphenduka khona imvume yokufundisa ( ''licentia ubique docendi'' ). Lemvume yaba nesikhundla esiphakeme kuneziqu zemfunda (''-bachelor baccalaureus'' ), ezancishiswa zaba yisinyathelo esiphakathi sokufinyelela iziqu zobuhuqazi ''(-master : magister'' ) kanye nezobungcitha, zombili manje ezaba yiziqu zokufundisa ezamukelekayo. Ngokusho kukaKeith Allan Noble (1994), iziqu zobungcithabuchopho zokuqala zanikezwa eParis yasendulo cishe ngo-1150 yiNyuvesi yaseParis. NgesiZulu elithi ingcithabuchopho liyibizongxube elihlanganisa elithi ingcitha nelithi ubuchopho. Elithi ingcitha lisho umuntu ochithayo oma ochithisayo. Isichazamazwi sikaDoke noVilakazi sithi isenzo 'ukuchithisa' sisho ukuhlakahlisa, ukuthwesa, ukwenza umfundi ahlakaniphe ngolwazi. Uma ukuchithisa kuyisenenzo sokufundisa, kusho ukuthi ingcitha ingumfundisi ogogodile okwazi ukuqeqesha nokuqaqatha abanye. Ingcithabuchopho ichitha ubuchopho, noma ibachithisa ngobuchopho (inhlakanipho) bayo. Elithi ingcithabuchopho lisahambisana nebizo elithi Ubungcithabuchopho befilosofi, njengoba eningizimu yeYurophu, yonke imikhakha (efana nomlando, ifilosofi, inzululwazi yezenhlalo, umchazazibalo, kanye nenzululwazi yemvelo yayaziwa ngokwesiko njengefilosofi. Ubungcithabichopho befilosofi busanamathela kulo mkhuba womlando, yize iziqu eziningi zingezona ezokufunda ifilosofi uqobo. UChris Park uchaza ukuthi kwaze kwaba yilapho izinhlelo zemfundo ezisemthethweni kanye neziqu sezibekwe ezingeni elifanayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 lapho ''i-Doctorate of Philosophy'' yaphinde yethulwa eJalimane (kulokho okwakuzoba yi- Humboldt University of Berlin ) njengeziqu zocwaningo, [2] efushaniswe ngokuthi uDkt. phil. (okufana ne-Ph.D. emazweni ase-Anglo-America). 81rhv271ut5efjgqfy2pz0ipydstpxy 0 34144 122365 2026-04-11T09:47:18Z Fongcwele 16873 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339415526|Master's degree]]" 122365 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Columbia_University_Master's_Degree.jpg|thumb|Iziqu ze -Master of Science ezinikezwe yi- Columbia University [[New York (idolobha)|eNew York City]]]] '''Iziqu zobuntwesi''' yiziqu zakwNgqondonkulu zangemva kokoqoqoda [[INyuvesi|amanyuvesi]] noma amakolishi aziklomelisa loyo oqede isifundo esithile futhi wabonisa ubuchule noma ukuthi sekayintwesi emkhakheni othile [[Uqeqesho lakwaNgqondonkulu|woqeqesho]] noma indawo yokusebenza yobungcwepheshi. Iziqu zobuntwesi ngokuvamile zidinga isifundo sangaphambilini njengeziqu zobumfundane (bacholor), kungaba njengeziqu ezihlukile noma njengengxenye yenkambo ehlanganisiwe. Ngaphakathi komkhakha ofundelwayo, abaqoqode iziqu zobuntwesi kulindeleke ukuthi babe nolwazi oluthuthukisiwe lwendikimba ekhethekile yezihloko [[Umchaciso|zomchachiso]] nezisetshenziswayo; amakhono aphezulu ekuhlaziyeni, ekucubulungeni nzulu, noma ekusetshenzisweni kobungcwepheshi; kanye nekhono lokuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi nokucabanga ngokuqinile nangokuzimela. Iziqu zobuntwesi zaqala ekuveleni kwamanyuvesi aseYurophu, ngesigunyazo sikaPapa ka-1233 esasithi noma ubani ovunyelwe ukuba yintwesi eNyuvesi yaseToulouse kufanele avunyelwe ukufundisa ngokukhululeka kunoma iyiphi enye inyuvesi. Incazelo yokuqala yeziqu zobuntwesi yayiwukuthi, ungumuntu ovunyelwe ukuba intwesi efundisayo kwenye inyuvesi kufanele avunyelwe ukuba intwesi kwenye inyuvesi. Lokhu kancane kancane kwaba semthethweni njenge- {{Lang|la|licentia docendī}} (imvume yokufundisa). Ekuqaleni, izingcithabuchopho nezintwesi babengahlukaniswa, kodwa ngekhulu le-15 kwase kuyinto evamile emanyuvesi aseNgilandi ukubiza kubafundisi abasezikhundleni eziphansi (ubuciko nohlelo lolimi) ngokuthi izintwesi kanye nalabo abasezikhundleni eziphakeme ngokuthi izingcitha. <ref>{{Cite book|page=1–22}}</ref> Iziqu zobuntwesi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'INtwesi yo- ...', lapho kuchazwe khona usiba (ngokuvamile uBuciko noma iNzululwazi) noma umkhakha (UMngcikisho, uMchazandalo, uMchazatho, Ukuphathwa Kwebhizinisi, njll.). Iziqu ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zeziqu zobuNtwesi yiziqu zobuNtwesi bezoBuciko (MA/AM) kanye neziqu zobuNtwesi beNzululwazi (MSc/MS/SM), ezivame ukuba nengxube yocwaningo nezinto ezifundiswayo. [[Category:Iziqu zakwaNgqondonkulu]] rep0uohscg9omxa31ohgsivyay6eixb 122366 122365 2026-04-11T10:18:44Z Fongcwele 16873 122366 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Columbia_University_Master's_Degree.jpg|thumb|Iziqu zobuNtwesi Benzuluwazi ezinikezwe yi- Columbia University [[New York (idolobha)|eNew York City]]]] '''Iziqu zobuntwesi''' yiziqu zakwNgqondonkulu zangemva kokoqoqoda [[INyuvesi|amanyuvesi]] noma amakolishi aziklomelisa loyo oqede isifundo esithile futhi wabonisa ubuchule noma ukuthi sekayintwesi emkhakheni othile [[Uqeqesho lakwaNgqondonkulu|woqeqesho]] noma indawo yokusebenza yobungcwepheshi. Iziqu zobuntwesi ngokuvamile zidinga isifundo sangaphambilini njengeziqu zobumfundane (bacholor), kungaba njengeziqu ezihlukile noma njengengxenye yenkambo ehlanganisiwe. Ngaphakathi komkhakha ofundelwayo, abaqoqode iziqu zobuntwesi kulindeleke ukuthi babe nolwazi oluthuthukisiwe lwendikimba ekhethekile yezihloko [[Umchaciso|zomchachiso]] nezisetshenziswayo; amakhono aphezulu ekuhlaziyeni, ekucubulungeni nzulu, noma ekusetshenzisweni kobungcwepheshi; kanye nekhono lokuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi nokucabanga ngokuqinile nangokuzimela. Iziqu zobuntwesi zaqala ekuveleni kwamanyuvesi aseYurophu, ngesigunyazo sikaPapa ka-1233 esasithi noma ubani ovunyelwe ukuba yintwesi eNyuvesi yaseToulouse kufanele avunyelwe ukufundisa ngokukhululeka kunoma iyiphi enye inyuvesi. Incazelo yokuqala yeziqu zobuntwesi yayiwukuthi, ungumuntu ovunyelwe ukuba intwesi efundisayo kwenye inyuvesi kufanele avunyelwe ukuba intwesi kwenye inyuvesi. Lokhu kancane kancane kwaba semthethweni njenge- {{Lang|la|licentia docendī}} (imvume yokufundisa). Ekuqaleni, izingcithabuchopho nezintwesi babengahlukaniswa, kodwa ngekhulu le-15 kwase kuyinto evamile emanyuvesi aseNgilandi ukubiza kubafundisi abasezikhundleni eziphansi (ubuciko nohlelo lolimi) ngokuthi izintwesi kanye nalabo abasezikhundleni eziphakeme ngokuthi izingcitha. <ref>{{Cite book|page=1–22}}</ref> Iziqu zobuntwesi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'INtwesi yo- ...', lapho kuchazwe khona usiba (ngokuvamile uBuciko noma iNzululwazi) noma umkhakha (UMngcikisho, uMchazandalo, uMchazatho, Ukuphathwa Kwebhizinisi, njll.). Iziqu ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zeziqu zobuNtwesi yiziqu zobuNtwesi bezoBuciko (MA/AM) kanye neziqu zobuNtwesi beNzululwazi (MSc/MS/SM), ezivame ukuba nengxube yocwaningo nezinto ezifundiswayo. [[Category:Iziqu zakwaNgqondonkulu]] 4mbmrgzxzp5h9r89ranz1xgiyibndck