Úsáideoir:Panu Petteri Höglund - Vicipéid

# Úsáideoir:Panu Petteri Höglund

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Thug mé an chéad taithneamh don Ghaeilge nuair a bhí mé ceithre bliana déag d'aois, ach ní dhearna mé a dhath ar bith faoi sin sula raibh mé fiche éigin bliain d'aois. Sa bhliain 1995 a thosaigh mé ag úsáid na Gaeilge go laethúil, ar an Idirlíon. Agus chuala an saol mór iomrá ar ar tharla dá bharr sin, is dócha.

Panugaeilgewiki A fhad is a bheidh CMALANT timpeall, ní bheidh mé ag cur leis an Vicipéid. Ar an leathanach Panugaeilgewiki, áfach, beidh tuilleadh ábhair as Gaeilge, aistriúcháin ón mBéarla, agus cuirfear leis an Vicipéid Gaeilge iad a thúisce is a éireoidh seisean as.

## [athraigh] Leid an Lae ó Phanu/Today's Tip from Panu

### [athraigh] Relief to a beleaguered place

Relief is usually faoiseamh, yes - in the everyday sense. However, relieving a beleaguered place needs the word fortacht. Here are three possible ways to use it:

- Gheall an Rí Bullaí go rachadh sé chun fortachta do mhuintir Phrotastúnach Dhoire a bhí faoi léigear ag Séamus.
- Chonaic muintir Phrotastúnach Dhoire an Rí Bullaí ag teacht chun fortachta dóibh agus iad faoi léigear ag Séamus.
- Ceiliúrann Printísigh Dhoire an Rí Bullaí, a thug fortacht dá sinsir agus iad faoi léigear ag Séamus.

### [athraigh] Má, mura, sula, nuair

In English, we usually have present tense in a subordinate clause, when we have a future tense in the main clause: "when he comes home, I'll be glad", "if you understand this, you will pass the exam", "you will not be allowed in, unless you buy a ticket", "I will buy a ticket before I go in". In Irish, the story is a little more complicated:

- If the subordinate clause is introduced with the conjunction nuair, it has a future tense form: nuair a thiocfaidh sé abhaile, beidh lúcháir orm. (In those dialects which add -s to the present and future forms of the verb in a direct relative clause, it is also usually added in a nuair clause: nuair a thiocfas sé abhaile... However, this -s is not a part of the Caighdeán, so we will not use it on the Vicipéid.)

- If it is a má clause, it functions as in English: má thuigeann tú an méid seo, gheobhaidh tú pas sa scrúdú.

- If it is a sula/sara ("before") or a mura/muna/mana ("unless") clause, the story is more complicated. Present tense seems to be the caighdeán recommendation, thus mura gceannaíonn tú ticéad, ní bheidh cead isteach agat, and some writers follow it. However, the reality is, that with these two conjunctions, traditional Gaeltacht speech (and Ó Dónaill's Irish-English dictionary, which is a treasure trove of great Gaeltacht Irish) has preferred either future tense: mura gceannóidh tú ticéad, ní bheidh cead isteach agat, ceannóidh mé ticéad sula rachaidh mé isteach or present subjunctive: mura gceannaí tú ticéad, ní bheidh cead isteach agat, ceannóidh mé ticéad sula dté mé isteach. Present subjunctive seems not to be taught at schools these days, but it is still quite a living form, and often encountered in literature.

If you read Connemara literature, you will see that sula has there the form sul má, and that it is followed by the -s form of the future tense: ceannóidh mé ticéad sul má rachfas mé isteach. This is dialect however and should not be imitated by us.

Questions are welcome, as usual.

## [athraigh] Article Usage

### [athraigh] No double definiteness in Irish

For English-speakers, it is entirely counterintuitive that Irish does not allow definite article before a noun which is followed by a definite noun in genitive. The idea is, that one definite article makes the whole phrase definite. Thus, we have:

Irish: Uachtarán na hÉireann = English: the president of Ireland

I: fear an phoist = E: the man of the post

I: Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá = E: the United States of America (Mheiriceá is the genitive form of Meiriceá, which as a proper noun is inherently definite, although it does not take an article)

### [athraigh] Hosts of people, lots of things: use the article

Another important point is, that before plural nouns expressing great quantities, you are supposed to have the article:

tháinig na mílte duine ansin = thousands of people came there

## [athraigh] Vocabulary

### [athraigh] Longfort is not "port"

For your information: longphort or longfort (stupidly enough, the second one is the official orthography) does not mean "port", but rather a military stronghold. The words for "port" are cuan, calafort, caladh, and port.

### [athraigh] Don't use "aon" for "one (of them)"

Please don't use "aon" for "one (of them)", i.e. don't write "aon acu". It is never or almost never used by native writers (the only text where I have seen it was folklore written down from a terminal speaker of a dying dialect, which IMHO marks it as Anglicism). Instead, use:

- duine acu for "one of them" if "they" are people

- bean acu for "one of them" if "they" are exclusively women or girls

- fear acu for "one of them" if it needs to be especially stressed that the one is a man

- ceann acu for "one of them" if "they" are things or animals.

So:

one of the girls = "bean de na cailíní", one of them = "bean acu"

one of the boys = "duine de na buachaillí", one of them = "duine acu"

one of the screwdrivers = "ceann de na scriúirí", one of them = "ceann acu"

- caitheann a úsáidtear mar shampla; duine desna buachaillí? (má úsáidtear ar chóir ar bith.....?)--Spaircí 11:59, 26 Samhain 2006 (UTC)

Duine de na buachaillí, or even fear de na buachaillí. "Desna" is Munster dialect.Panu Petteri Höglund 15:26, 26 Samhain 2006 (UTC)

## [athraigh] Years: "sa bhliain 2006", not "i 2006"

It is an Anglicism to write, for example, "i 2006" for "in 2006". This bad habit is widespread even among fluent speakers, but this does not make it any better, because "sa bhliain 2006" is the better usage (see Ó Dónaill's dictionary, for example). Please take the trouble of writing "sa bhliain" instead of "i".

"Sa bhliain 2006" (= "sa bhliain dhá mhíle sé") is in itself somewhat funny, because the main rule would actually postulate "i mbliain a 2006" (= "i mbliain dhá mhíle a sé"). However, "sa bhliain 2006" seems to be the most acceptable usage. As I said, the usage "i 2006" is widespread even among fluent Gaeilgeoirs, but anyone who has learnt his Irish by reading Gaeltacht authors knows that WE can do better.

Panu Petteri Höglund 12:53, 2 Lúnasa 2006 (UTC)

  Cad faoi "i mbliain 2006"? Palmiro 02:22, 12 Eanáir 2007 (UTC)

    Sin ceist mhaith, dháiríre. De réir na gnáthloighice, ba chóir úsáid a bhaint as an leagan sin - "uimhir a dó", "ceacht a trí" - so, cén fáth nach ndéarfá "bliain dhá mhíle a sé"? Is minic a chuir mé an cheist sin orm féin, ach is é an leagan a bhíonn ag na scríbhneoirí uile ar cainteoirí dúchasacha iad ná "sa bhliain" agus uimhir na bliana ag teacht sna sálaí. Ní féidir liom aon mhíniú eile a thabhairt ar an eisceacht seo ach úsáid na gcainteoirí dúchais, ach is é an bharúil atá agamsa ná gurb é sin an míniú is fearr atá ann. Is é sin an úsáid a mholtar i bhfoclóir Uí Dhónaill, freisin. Panu Petteri Höglund 15:30, 12 Eanáir 2007 (UTC)

# [athraigh] ==

Ná scríobh ar mo leathanach úsáideora, le do thoil. Ní maith liom é, an maith leatsa é?

Cuir Mise An Locht Ar Na Tuistí 09:27, 13 Meitheamh 2006 (UTC)

Dar Dia, d'éirigh leat abairt iomlán a scríobh as Gaeilge gan oiread is aon bhotún amháin! Tá tú ag déanamh dul chun cinn, - an rud is annamh is iontach. Panu Petteri Höglund 12:22, 13 Meitheamh 2006 (UTC)

## [athraigh] Eilís I

I was trying to be too clever -- for some reason I vaguely thought that "to stand as godmother" was an idiom imported from Irish. Thanks for your advice & improvements. Ben-bh 21:10, 19 Lúnasa 2006 (UTC)

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