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	        <h1 class="firstHeading">Berkas:BAMS climate assess boulder water vapor 2002.gif</h1>
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<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:BAMS_climate_assess_boulder_water_vapor_2002.gif&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Summary">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Summary</span></h2>
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<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stratosphere" class="extiw" title="en:stratosphere">Stratospheric</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/water_vapor" class="extiw" title="en:water_vapor">water vapor</a> 1% increase.</p>
<p>30% may be due to increased <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/methane" class="extiw" title="en:methane">methane</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Observations using balloon-borne frost-point hygrometers, have detected an approximately 1% per year increase in stratospheric water vapor at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder%2C_Colorado" class="extiw" title="en:Boulder,_Colorado">Boulder, Colorado</a>, since 1980. Besides implications for climate change, increased water vapor can affect the rate of chemical ozone loss, for example, by increasing the incidence of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/polar_stratospheric_cloud" class="extiw" title="en:polar_stratospheric_cloud">polar stratospheric clouds</a>. Satellite measurements of water vapor, although not of adequate length for accurate trend determination, suggest that the increase may extend to other latitudes.<a href="http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ozone.html" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ozone.html" rel="nofollow">[1]</a></li>
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<ul>
<li>Observations have provided evidence for a widespread increase in stratospheric water vapor, which plays a role both in cooling the lower stratosphere and in depleting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ozone" class="extiw" title="en:ozone">ozone</a> through chemical interactions, thereby contributing to climate processes. However, the water vapor trends are not fully defined, nor are their cause understood.<a href="http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/assessment02/executive-summary.html" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/assessment02/executive-summary.html" rel="nofollow">[2]</a></li>
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<li>Stratospheric water vapor measurements at a single location (Boulder, Colorado, U.S., 40°N) for the period 1981-2000 show a statistically significant increase of approximately 1%/year over altitudes 15-28 km. For the shorter period 1991-2001, global satellite measurements covering latitudes 60°N-60°S show a similar trend of 0.6-0.8%/year for altitudes ~25-50 km, but no significant trend at lower altitudes. The increases in water vapor are substantially larger than can be explained by tropospheric methane trends. Characterization of stratospheric water vapor trends is limited by the lack of global long-term measurements.<a href="http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/assessment02/executive-summary.html" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/assessment02/executive-summary.html" rel="nofollow">[3]</a></li>
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<p>Source: <a href="http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/hotitems/watervapor.html" class="external free" title="http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/hotitems/watervapor.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/hotitems/watervapor.html</a></p>

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