चित्र:Places of articulation.svg - विकिपीडिया

# चित्र:Places of articulation.svg

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Deutsch: Artikulationsorte (aktiv und passiv)

1. exolabial (äußerer Teil der Lippe)
2. endolabial (innerer Teil der Lippe)
3. dental (Zähne)
4. alveolar (vorderer Teil des Zahndamms)
5. postalveolar (hinterer Teil des Zahndamms und ein wenig dahinter)
6. präpalatal (vorderer Teil des harten Gaumens)
7. palatal (harter Gaumen)
8. velar (weicher Gaumen))
9. uvular (auch postvelar; Gaumenzäpfchen)
10. pharyngal (Rachen)
11. glottal (auch laryngal; Stimmbänder)
12. epiglottal (Kehldeckel)
13. radikal (Zungenwurzel)
14. posterodorsal (hinterer Teil der Zunge)
15. anterodorsal (vorderer Teil der Zunge)
16. laminal (Zungenblatt)
17. apikal (Zungenspitze]])
18. sublaminal (auch subapical; Unterseite der Zunge)

Hinweise:

- Manche Phonetiker benennen Begriffe unter Umständen anders und nehmen feinere Unterscheidungen vor (z. B. könnte postalveolar einen Bereich zwischen velar und uvular bezeichnen; oder exolabial und endolabial könnte unter labial zusammengefasst werden). Das obige Schema stammt aus Catford (1977).
- Bei pharyngal können nützlicherweise auch verschiedene Regionen unterschieden werden.
- Der Begriff retroflex wird besser als eine bestimmte Mischung aus einem sublaminalen/apikalen aktiven Artikulator und einer alveolaren/postalveolaren/präpalatalen/palatalen passiven Region banutzt.
- radikal wird auch betreffend der oberen Zungenwurzel (13) und der unteren Zungenwurzel zusammen mit dem Kehldeckel (12) gebraucht.

English: Places of articulation (active and passive)

1. Exo-labial (outer part of lip)
2. Endo-labial (inner part of lip)
3. Dental (teeth)
4. Alveolar (front part of alveolar ridge)
5. Post-alveolar (rear part of alveolar ridge & slightly behind it)
6. Pre-palatal (front part of hard palate that arches upward)
7. Palatal (hard palate)
8. Velar (soft palate)
9. Uvular (a.k.a. Post-velar; uvula)
10. Pharyngeal (pharyngeal wall)
11. Glottal (a.k.a. Laryngeal; vocal folds)
12. Epiglottal (epiglottis)
13. Radical (tongue root)
14. Postero-dorsal (back of tongue body)
15. Antero-dorsal (front of tongue body)
16. Laminal (tongue blade)
17. Apical (apex or tongue tip)
18. Sub-laminal (a.k.a. Sub-apical; underside of tongue)

Notes:

- Some phoneticians may define terms slightly differently and may include more or less distinctions (e.g. Post-velar could be an area between Velar and Uvular; or Exo-labial and Endo-labial could be subsumed under Labial). The scheme used above is from Catford (1977).
- Pharyngeal can usefully be divided into different regions.
- The term Retroflex is better thought of as a particular combination of a sublaminal/apical active articulator and a alveolar/postalveolar/prepalatal/palatal passive region.
- Radical is often considered to be both the upper tongue root (#13) and the lower tongue root including the epiglottis (#12).

Source | Deutsch: Minifie et al. (1973:); Orte aus Catford (1977) English: Minifie et al. (1973:); places are from Catford (1977)
Date | 2007-03-11
Author | Rohieb
Permission | GNU FDL, CC-BY-SA-2.5

## [edit] Licensing

I, the author of this work, hereby publish it under the following licenses:

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

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## [edit] Literatur / Bibliograhpy

- Catford, J. C. (1977). Fundamental problems in phonetics. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-32520-X.
- Minifie, Fred D.; Hixon, Thomas J.; & Williams, Frederick. (Eds.) (1973). Normal aspects of speech, hearing, and language. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-1362-3702-9.

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