निजामशहा (अहमदनगर) - विकिपीडिया

# निजामशहा (अहमदनगर)

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## [संपादन] राज्य-व्यवस्था

Under the Ahmednagar kings the country was divided into districts or sarkars. The district or sarkar was further subdivided into sub-divisions known as pargana, karyat, sammat, mahal and taluka and sometimes by their Hindu names, of prant and des. Except in the hilly west the officers were all Muslims. The farmers generally collected the revenue, the farms sometimes including only one village. The farmers were under a government agent or amil who in addition to his revenue duties managed the police and settled civil suits. There was a considerable number of Hindus in the employ of the State. Generally the hill forts except those of strategic importance were garrisoned by Marathas, Kolis and Dhangars and instances of open country being left to the management of Maratha and Brahmin officers were not infrequent. Estates were granted on military tenure, the value of the grant being in proportion to the number of troops which the grant holder maintained. Among the Maratha chiefs under Ahmadnagar could be mentioned Lakhuji jadhav Rav, Maloji Bhosle and many others of lesser note.

Malik Ambar reformed the land administration of the kingdom and is best known by his excellent land system. He stopped land farming and under Musalman supervision entrusted the collection of revenue to Brahmin agents. He renewed the broken village system and when experiments enabled him to ascertain the average yield of a field, he fixed the land revenue at two fifths of the outturn in kind and later commuted the grain payment to a cash payment representing about one-third of the yield. The arrangement of Malik Ambar was not in the nature of a permanent settlement but variable according to the conditions of the harvest.

When the Moghals took over the Ahmadnagar territory, sah Tahan introduced the revenue system of Akbar's great financier Todar Mal, under which lands were first assessed according to their fertility in a proportion varying from one-half to one seventh of the gross produce according to the cost of tillage and the kind of crop grown. The government share was then commuted for a money payment and at the time when the land was measured, classed and registered, the assessment was fixed at a fourth of the yearly produce of each field. The system was introduced in the districts north of the Bhima and Mursid Kuli Khan was appointed to work out the system. The system introduced a settlement which was more or less permanent in comparison to Malik Ambar's flexible settlement. The Moghals also introduced the Fasli or the harvest year which coincided with the mrga or opening of the south-west monsoon early in June. No attempt was made to reconcile the Fasli or Solar Musa1man year with their Lunar year and hence the Fasli differed from the regular Lunar Musalman year more than three years in a century. The classification of lands, and the land revenue settlement proved distasteful to the rayats of Ahmadnagar kingdom. [1]

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