Hundred Years War - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

# Hundred Years War

### From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Hundred Years War was a conflict between France and England, that lasted 116 years from 1337 to 1453.

The English kings claimed the French throne and fought for it. This fight was interrupted by several brief and two lengthy periods of peace before it ended in the expulsion of the English from France, with the exception of Calais.

The war was in fact a series of conflicts and is divided into three or four phases: the Edwardian War (1337-1360), the Caroline War (1369-1389), the Lancastrian War (1415-1429), and the slow decline of English fortunes after the appearance of Joan of Arc. The term "Hundred Years' War" was a later historical term invented by historians to describe the series of events.

The war owes its historical significance to a number of factors. Though primarily a dynastic conflict, the war helped to develop French and English nationality. It saw the introduction of new weapons and tactics, which changed the older system of feudal armies dominated by heavy cavalry. The first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Roman Empire were introduced for the war, so the role of the peasantry was changed. For all this, as well as for its long duration, it is often seen as one of the most significant conflicts in the history of medieval warfare.

## [edit] Bibliography

- Allmand, Christopher, The Hundred Years War: England and France at War, c.1300-c.1450, Cambridge University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-521-31923-4
- Braudel, Fernand, The Perspective of the World, vol III of Civilization and Capitalism 1984 (in French 1979).
- Burne, Alfred, The Agincourt War, Wordsworth Military Library ISBN 1-84022-211-5
- Seward, Desmond, The Hundred Years War. The English in France 1337-1453, Penguin Books, 1999, ISBN 0-14-028361-7
- Sumption, Jonathan, The Hundred Years War I: Trial by Battle, University of Pennsylvania Press, September 1999, ISBN 0-8122-1655-5
- Sumption, Jonathan, The Hundred Years War II: Trial by Fire, University of Pennsylvania Press, October 2001, ISBN 0-8122-1801-9
- Dunnigan, James F., and Albert A. Nofi. Medieval Life & The Hundred Years War, online book.
- Wagner, John A. Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, August 2006. ISBN 0-313-32736-X
- Bell, Adrian R. War and the Soldier in the Fourteenth Century, The Boydell Press, November 2004, ISBN 1-843-83103-1

## [edit] External links

- England Hundred Years War Chronology World History Database
- France Hundred Years War Chronology World History Database
- Timeline of the Hundred Years War
- Jean Froissart, "On The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)" from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook
- The Hundred Years' War (1336-1565) by Dr. Lynn H. Nelson, University of Kansas Emeritussimple:The Hundred Years War

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Categories: War | History of the British Isles

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