Camellia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

# Camellia

### From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

? Camellia
Camellia japonica
Scientific classification

Kingdom: | Plantae
Division: | Magnoliophyta
Class: | Magnoliopsida
Order: | Ericales
Family: | Theaceae
Genus: | Camellia L.

Camellia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae, native to eastern and southern Asia from the Himalaya east to Japan and Indonesia. Scientists are still discussing how many species there are. The number of species varies between 100 and 250. The genus was named by Linnaeus after Fr. Georg Joseph Kamel S.J., a Jesuit botanist.

Leaves of Camellia sinensis

They are evergreen shrubs and small trees from 2–20 m tall. The leaves are alternately arranged, simple, thick, serrated, usually glossy, and 3–17 cm long. The flowers are large and conspicuous, 1–12 cm diameter, with (in natural conditions) 5–9 petals; colour varies from white to pink and red, and yellow in a few species. The fruit is a dry capsule subdivided into 1–5 compartments, each containing 1–8 seeds.

The genus is generally adapted to acidic soils, and does not grow well on chalk or other calcium-rich soils. Most species also have a high rainfall requirement and will not tolerate drought.

Camellia species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Butterflies species.

### [edit] Cultivation and uses

Camellia sinensis is of major commercial importance because tea is made from its leaves. Tea oil is a sweet seasoning and cooking oil made by pressing the seeds of Camellia sinensis or Camellia oleifera.

Many other camellias are grown as ornamental plants for their flowers; about 3,000 cultivars and hybrids have been selected, many with double flowers, as in the gallery below. Camellia japonica (often simply called Camellia) is the most prominent species in cultivation, with over 2,000 named cultivars; next are C. reticulata, with over 400 named cultivars, and C. sasanqua, with over 300 named cultivars. Popular hybrids include C. × hiemalis (C. japonica × C. sasanqua) and C. × williamsii (C. japonica × C. salouenensis). They are highly valued in Japan and elsewhere for their very early flowering, often among the first flowers to appear in the late winter. Late frosts can damage the flowers.

Camellias have a slow growth rate. Typically they will grow about 30 centimetres a year until mature although this varies depending on variety and location.

Camellia japonica is the state flower of Alabama as well as the city flower of the Chinese municipality Chongqing.

### [edit] Famous Camellia aficionados

- HM The Queen Mother grew Camellia in all of her gardens. As her body was taken from Royal Lodge, Windsor to lie in state at Westminster Hall of the Palace of Westminster, a Camellia from her own gardens was placed on top of the flag draped coffin
- Coco Chanel was very well known for wearing a white Camellia
- Alexandre Dumas, fils named his most famous novel The Lady of the Camellias (1848) after the significance this plant played in the story.
- Ralph Peer, the music industry pioneer often credited as the Father of Country Music, was a former president of the American Camellia Society.

Double flowered Camellia | Camellia sasanqua | Camellia japonica 'Pink Perfection' | 19th century illustration

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Camellia

### [edit] External links

- The International Camellia Society
- The American Camellia Society

Retrieved from "http://simple.wikipedia.org../../../c/a/m/Camellia.html"

Category: Plants

##### Views

- Article
- Talk
- Newest version

##### Search

##### In other languages

- English
- Dansk
- Deutsch
- Español
- Italiano
- Nederlands
- 日本語
- Polski
- Português