పవిత్ర గ్రంధములు

వికీపీడియా నుండి

ఈ వ్యాసాన్ని పూర్తిగా అనువదించి,తరువాత ఈ మూసను తీసివేయండి


ఈ వ్యాసము nominated యొక్క neutrality ని పరిశీలించవలసినది గా మనవి neutrality.
అదనపు సమాచారము కోసము చర్చాపేజీని చూడండి .

విషయ సూచిక

ప్రపంచము లో చాలా మతములకు, పవిత్ర గ్రంధములు కలవు. చాలా మతములు ఆథ్యాత్మిక ఉద్యమములు వారి పవిత్ర గ్రంధములు దైవ సంబంధమైనవని ,అత్మ జ్ఞాన సంబంధమైనవని భావిస్తారు.

హిందూమతము లో ఋగ్వేదము సుమారుగా క్రీ.పూ 1500-1300 లో composed. అందువలన ఇది అతి ప్రాచీన మత గ్రంధము[citation needed].

The Rigveda of Hinduism was likely composed between roughly 1500–1300 BCE, making it one of the world's oldest religious texts[citation needed]. The oldest portions of the Zoroastrian Avesta are believed to have been transmitted orally for centuries before they found written form, and although widely differing dates for Gathic Avestan (the language of the oldest texts) have been proposed, scholarly consensus floats at around 1000 BCE (roughly contemporary to the Brahmana period of Vedic Sanskrit)[citation needed].

The first printed scripture for wide distribution to the masses was The Diamond Sutra, a Buddhist scripture, and is the earliest recorded example of a dated printed text, bearing the chinese calendar date for 11 May 868AD

In English language, the term scriptures can be used to describe any religion's sacred text as in Hindu scriptures, Jewish scriptures, etc. but when capitalized, in English literature, the word Scriptures generally refers to the sacred texts of the Bible, also referred to as Holy Scripture.

[మార్చు] Texts

Sacred texts of various religions:

[మార్చు] Ásatrú

  • The Poetic Edda, including especially the Hávamál
  • The Younger Edda

[మార్చు] Bahá'í Faith

  • The Kitáb-i-Aqdas
  • Kitáb-i-Íqán
  • and many other writings including ones from other faiths

[మార్చు] Buddhism

  • The Tipitaka or Pali canon
  • and other Buddhist texts

[మార్చు] Christianity

  • The Bible
  • In some forms of Christianity:
    • The Apocrypha
    • The Kolbrin Bible
  • In the Latter-Day Saints denomination:
    • The Book of Mormon
    • The Pearl of Great Price
    • The Doctrine and Covenants

[మార్చు] Discordianism

  • The Principia Discordia

[మార్చు] Etruscan religion

  • Pyrgi Tablets
  • Tabula Cortonensis
  • Liber Linteus
  • Cippus Perusinus

[మార్చు] హిందూ మతము

బొమ్మ:Bhagvad Gita.jpg
భగవద్గీత కృష్ణుడు's counsel to అర్జునునకు కురుక్షేత్ర రణరంగము లో చేసిన ఉపదేశములు.

[మార్చు] లింగాయతులు

  • బసవ పురాణం

[మార్చు] Islam

  • Qur'an (Islamic Scripture, Al-Kitab, 'the Book')
  • Hadith (sayings and doings of Muhammad)
  • Nahj al Balagha In Shi'a Islam

[మార్చు] Jainism

  • Tattvartha Sutra

[మార్చు] Judaism

  • The Tanakh (Hebrew Bible)
    • Torah
    • Nevi'im
    • Ketuvim
  • Talmud
    • Mishnah
    • Gemara

[మార్చు] Mandaeanism

  • The Ginza Rba

[మార్చు] Manichaeism

  • The Arzhang

[మార్చు] New Age religions

Various New Age religions may regard any of the following texts as inspired:

  • Course in Miracles
  • Conversations with God
  • Oahspe
  • The Bible
  • The Gnostic Gospels
  • The Urantia Book

[మార్చు] Rastafari movement

  • The Bible
  • the Holy Piby
  • the Kebra Negast
  • The speeches of Haile Selassie I
  • Royal Parchment Scroll of Black Supremacy

[మార్చు] Samaritanism

  • The Samaritan Pentateuch

[మార్చు] Satanism

  • The Satanic Bible

[మార్చు] Sikhism

  • The Guru Granth Sahib
  • The Dasam Granth Sahib

[మార్చు] Shinto

  • The Kojiki
  • The Nihon Shoki or Nihongi

[మార్చు] Spiritism

  • The Spirits Book
      • The Book of Mediums
      • The Gospel According to Spiritism
      • Heaven and Hell
      • The Genesis According to Spiritism

[మార్చు] SubGenius

  • The Book of the SubGenius

[మార్చు] Swedenborgianism

  • The Bible
  • The writings of Emanuel Swedenborg
  • Some also consider a number of posthumously published manuscripts of Swedenborg to also be sacred.

[మార్చు] Taoism

  • Daozang
    • The Tao-te-ching
    • The Chuang Tzu
  • The I Ching

[మార్చు] Thelema

  • The Holy Books of Thelema especially Liber Al vel Legis

[మార్చు] Unification Church

  • Divine Principle
  • Wolli Hesul (Explanation of the Divine Principle)
  • Wolli Kangron (Exposition of the Divine Principle)

[మార్చు] Zoroastrianism

  • The Katha (The Gathas of Zarathushtra)
  • Primary:
    • The Avesta collection of texts:
      • The Yasna, the primary liturgical collection, includes the Gathas.
      • The Visparad, a collection of supplements to the Yasna.
      • The Yashts, hymns in honor of the divinities.
      • The Vendidad, describes the various forms of evil spirits and ways to confound them.
      • shorter texts and prayers, the five Nyaishes ("worship, praise"), the Sirozeh and the Afringans (blessings).
  • Secondary:
    • The Dēnkard (middle Persian, 'Acts of Religion'),
    • The Bundahishn, (middle Persian, 'Original Creation')
    • The Mainog-i-Khirad (middle Persian, 'Spirit of Wisdom')
    • The Arda Viraf Namak (middle Persian, 'The Book of Arda Viraf')
    • The Zartushtnamah (modern Persian, 'Book of Zoroaster')
    • The Sad-dar (modern Persian, 'Hundred Doors', or 'Hundred Chapters')
    • The Rivayats (modern Persian, traditional treatises).
  • For general use by the laity:
    • The Zend (lit. commentaries), various commentaries on and translations of the Avesta.
    • The Khordeh Avesta, a collection of everyday prayers from the Avesta.

[మార్చు] Views

Attitudes to sacred texts differ. Some religions make written texts widely and freely available, while others hold that sacred secrets must remain hidden from all but the loyal and the initiate. Most religions promulgate policies defining the limits of the sacred texts and controlling or forbidding changes and additions. Monotheistic religions often view their sacred texts as the "Word of God", often contending that the texts are inspired by God and as such not open to alteration. Translations of texts may receive official blessing, but an original sacred language often has de facto, absolute or exclusive paramouncy. Some religions make texts available gratis or in subsidised form; others require payment and the strict observance of copyright.

References to scriptures profit from standardisation: the Guru Granth Sahib (of Sikhism) always appears with standardised page numbering while the Abrahamic religions and their offshoots appear to favour chapter and verse pointers.

[మార్చు] Hierographology

Hierographology (Greek ιερος, hieros, "sacred" or "holy", + γραφος, graphos, "writing", + λογος, logos, "word" or "reason") (archaically hierology) is the study of sacred texts.

Increasingly, sacred texts of many cultures are studied within academic contexts, primarily to increase understanding of other cultures, whether ancient or contemporary. Sometimes this involves the extension of the principles of higher criticism to the texts of many faiths. It may also involve a comparative study of religious texts. The hierographology of the Qur'an can be particularly controversial, especially when questioning the accuracy of Islamic traditions about the text.

[మార్చు] See also

  • Biblical canon
  • Revelation
  • Table of books of Judeo-Christian Scripture
  • The Kolbrin Bible

[మార్చు] External links