గూగుల్ - వికిపీడియా

# గూగుల్

### వికీపీడియా నుండి

ఈ వ్యాసాన్ని పూర్తిగా అనువదించి,తరువాత ఈ మూసను తీసివేయండి

For the search engine produced by this corporation, see Google search; for the underlying technology, see Google platform; for other uses see Google (disambiguation).

Google Inc.
Type | Public (మూస:Nasdaq and మూస:Lse)
Founded | మౌంట్ వ్యూ, కాలిఫోర్నియా (1998)
Location | మౌంట్ వ్యూ, కాలిఫోర్నియా, USA
Key people | Eric E. Schmidt, CEO/Director Sergey Brin, Technology President Larry E. Page, Products President
Industry | ఇంటర్నెట్
Products | See list of Google services and tools
Revenue | $6.140 billion USD (2005)
Website | www.google.com

గూగుల్‌ ఇంక్‌. (మూస:Nasdaq and మూస:Lse) ఒక U.S. public corporation, సెప్టెంబర్‌ 1998 లొ అది ఒక privately held corporation గా స్థాపించబడింది. ఎంతో పేరుపొందిన శోధన యంత్రాన్ని manage చేస్తుంది. మవుంటైన్‌ వ్యూ, కాలిఫోర్నియా లో ఉన్న ఈ company లో సుమారుగా 5,700 మంది పనిచేస్తారు. ఇంత క్రితం నోవెల్‌ CEO అయిన ఎరిక్‌ ష్మిడ్త్‌ ఇప్పుడు గూగుల్‌ CEO.
గూగుల్‌ అనే పదం గూగోల్‌ అనే పదం నుంచి వచ్ఛింది. గూగోల్‌ అనేది ఒకటి పక్కన వంద సున్నాలు ఉంటె వచ్ఛే సంఖ్య. కాలిఫోర్నియా లొ ఉన్న గూగుల్‌ headquarters ని గూగుల్ప్లెక్స్‌ అని అంటారు.
గూగుల్‌ యొక్క services ఎన్నో సర్వర్‌ ఫార్మ్స్‌ మీద పనిచేస్తాయి. ఒక్కో సర్వర్‌ ఫార్మ్‌ ఎన్నో వేల స్త్రిప్‌ చెసిన లినక్స్‌ వెర్సిఒన్ల మీద పనిచేస్తాయి. కంపెనీ ఆ వివరాలు వెల్లడించదు కాని సుమారుగా ఒక లక్ష లినక్స్‌ మషిన్లను ఉపయొగిస్తుందని అంచనా. nielsen cabinet ప్రకరం యాహూ (23%) , ఎమెసెన్‌ (13%) ను దాటి 54% మార్కెట్‌ షేర్‌ కలిగి ఉంది గూగుల్‌. రొజుకి ఒక బిలీన్‌ requests వస్తాయి.

## [మార్చు] చరిత్ర

Google.com home page as viewed from Safari 2.0

  Main article: History of Google

### [మార్చు] ప్రారంభం

జనవరి 1996లో, స్టాన్‌ఫర్డ్ యూనివర్సిటీలో లారీ పేజ్ మరియు సెర్జీ బ్రిన్ అను ఇద్దరు Ph.D. విద్యార్థులచే ఒక పరిశోధనా ప్రాజెక్టుగా గూగుల్ మొదలయ్యింది.

[1] They hypothesized that a search engine that analyzed the relationships between websites would produce better results than existing techniques (existing search engines at the time essentially ranked results according to how many times the search term appeared on a page).[2] It was originally nicknamed, "BackRub," because the system checked backlinks to estimate a site's importance.[3] A small search engine called RankDex was already exploring a similar strategy.[4]

Convinced that the pages with the most links to them from other highly relevant web pages must be the most relevant pages associated with the search, Page and Brin tested their thesis as part of their studies, and laid the foundation for their search engine. Originally the search engine used the Stanford University website with the domain google.stanford.edu. The domain google.com was registered on September 15, 1997, and the company was incorporated as Google Inc. on September 7, 1998 at a friend's garage in Menlo Park, California.

In March, 1999, the company moved into offices at 165 University Avenue in Palo Alto, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups. After quickly outgrowing two other sites, the company settled into their current home in a complex of buildings in Mountain View at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, in 2003. Silicon Graphics leased these buildings to Google.

The గూగుల్ search engine attracted a loyal following among the growing number of Internet users. They were attracted to its simple, uncluttered, clean design — a competitive advantage to attract users who did not wish to enter searches on web pages filled with visual distractions. This appearance, while imitating the early AltaVista, had behind it Google's unique search capabilities. In 2000 గూగుల్ began selling advertisements associated with the search keyword to produce enhanced search results for the user. This strategy was important for increasing advertising revenue, which is based upon the number of hits users make upon ads. The ads were text-based in order to maintain an uncluttered page design and to maximize page loading speed. It also only cost a very small amount per click to the websites that advertised this way. This model of selling keyword advertising was originally pioneered by Goto.com (later renamed Overture, then Yahoo! Search Marketing).[5] While many of its dot-com rivals failed in the new Internet marketplace, Google quietly rose in stature while generating revenue.

మూస:US patent describing Google's ranking mechanism (PageRank) was granted on September 4 2001. The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor.

### [మార్చు] వృద్ధి

With Google's increased size comes more competition from large mainstream technology companies. One such example is the rivalry between Microsoft and Google.[6] Microsoft has been touting its MSN Search engine, and more recently its Windows Live search in February, 2006, to counter Google's competitive position. Furthermore, the two companies are increasingly offering overlapping services, such as webmail (Gmail vs. Hotmail), search (both online and local desktop searching), and other applications (for example, Microsoft's Windows Live Local competes with Google Earth).

Click fraud has also become a growing problem for Google's business strategy. Google's CFO George Reyes said in a December 2004 investor conference that "something has to be done about this really, really quickly, because I think, potentially, it threatens our business model."[7] Some have suggested that Google is not doing enough to combat click fraud. Jessie Stricchiola, president of Alchemist Media, called Google, "the most stubborn and the least willing to cooperate with advertisers," when it comes to click fraud.

While the company's primary market is in the web content arena, Google has also recently began to experiment with other markets, such as radio and print publications. On January 17, 2006, Google announced that it had purchased the radio advertising company dMarc, which provides an automated system that allows companies to advertise on the radio.[8] This will allow Google to combine two niche advertising media -- the Internet and radio -- with Google's ability to laser-focus on the tastes of consumers. Google has also begun an experiment in selling advertisements from its advertisers in offline newspapers and magazines, with select advertisements in the Chicago Sun-Times.[9] They have been filling unsold space in the newspaper that would have normally been used for in-house advertisements.

గూగుల్ was added to the Standard & Poor's 500 index (S&P 500) on March 31, 2006. గూగుల్ replaced Burlington Resources, a major oil producer based in Houston which was acquired by ConocoPhillips.

  See also: Recent criticisms and controversies

## [మార్చు] ఉత్పత్తులు మరియు సేవలు

  ప్రధాన వ్యాసం: List of Google services and tools

Google's core business model revolves around its internet search engine, which also includes a tool to search for images, news stories, and peer-reviewed, academic publications. Froogle is a similar search engine that is geared towards searching online shopping websites for products based on price. Google Groups is a service that lets users search the complete archive of Usenet newsgroups, as well as hosting mailing lists and other discussion groups. In early 2006, the company also launched Google Video, which not only allows users to search and view freely available videos, but also offers various media publishers to offer their content for a fee, including television shows on CBS, NBA basketball games, and music videos. Videos offered via this service are protected using Google's own Digital rights management system.

Google Maps, also known as Google Local, provides road maps for the United States, Canada, the U.K., and Ireland. Medium-resolution satellite images are also available for the entire globe, and sister projects Google Moon and Google Mars provide satellite imagery of the Moon and Mars, respectively.

In 2004, Google launched its own free web-based email service, known as Gmail. Gmail features improved spam filtering technology, combined with the capability to use Google search technology on individual email messages. Gmail shook up the free, web-based email market by initially offering 1 GB of email storage, prompting competitors Yahoo! and Hotmail to increase their storage quotas considerably. Google has since expanded Gmail's mail quota (and continues to expand it); as of April, 2006, the quota was over 2.7 GB. The service generates revenue by displaying advertisements from the AdWords service that are tailored to the content of the email messages displayed on screen. This feature has proven controversial, with some privacy advocates expressing concern that the company was reading individual emails. Google maintains, however, that the process is fully automated and that no humans read the content of users' messages.

Google also branched into the instant messaging arena in August of 2005 by introducing Google Talk, a Jabber-based instant messaging service. Since February, 2006, Google Talk has been integrated with Gmail, allowing users to send instant messages directly from their email service, as well as to save and archive messages.

Google Desktop is a service that brings the search engine to the local computer desktop, allowing one to search individual files, folders, and emails that reside locally one one's one PC.

## [మార్చు] Salaries

Originally, typical salaries at Google were considered to be quite low by industry standards. For example, some system administrators earned no more than $33,000 — while $40,000 at that time was considered to be low for the Bay Area job market. Nevertheless, Google's excellent stock performance following the IPO has enabled these early employees to be competitively compensated by participation in the corporation's remarkable equity growth. In 2005, Google has implemented other employee incentives such as the Google Founders' Award, in addition to offering higher salaries to new employees. Google's workplace amenities, culture, global popularity, and strong brand recognition have also attracted potential applicants.

After the company's IPO in August 2004, it was reported that Founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, as well as CEO Eric Schmidt, have accepted a base salary of $1.00. They have all declined recent offers of bonuses and increases in compensation by Google's board of directors. In a 2006 report of the world's richest people, Forbes reported that Sergey Brin was #26 with a net worth of $12.9 Billion, and Larry Page was #27 with a net worth of $12.8 Billion.[10]

## [మార్చు] Corporate culture

బొమ్మ:Googler2-non.jpg
A license plate seen in the Googleplex parking lot

Google is particularly known for its relaxed corporate culture, reminiscent of the Dot-com boom. Google's corporate philosophy is based on many casual principles including, "You can make money without doing evil" (The sincerity of this so-called corporate philosophy has been arguably marred by Google's participation in China's internet censorship program, more commonly known as the Great Firewall of China), "You can be serious without a suit" and, "Work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun." A complete list of corporate fundamentals is available on Google's website.[11] The company encourages equality within corporate levels. Twice a week there is a roller hockey game in the company parking lot. Google's relaxed corporate culture can also be seen externally through their holiday variations of the Google logo.

### [మార్చు] "ఇరవై శాతం" సమయం

ప్రతీ గూగుల్ ఇంజనీరు తమ పని గంటలలో 20 శాతం సమయాన్ని తనకు నచ్చిన ప్రాజెక్ట్ పైన పని చేసే వీలు కల్పించబడింది.ఈ సమయాన్ని వారంలో ఒక రోజు కానీ మొత్తం కేటాయించిన సమయాన్ని సమీకరించి ఒక నెలగా కానీ వాడుకోవచ్చు.ఇలాంటి స్వయంసిద్ధ కృషి వలన జనించినవే ఆధునిక గూగుల్ పరికరాలు అయిన జి మైల్, గూగుల్ న్యూస్,ఆర్కుట్ లాంటి సేవలు.

### [మార్చు] Googleplex

Google's headquarters is called the Googleplex. The lobby is decorated with a piano, lava lamps, and a real-time projection of current search queries. The hallways are full of exercise balls and bicycles. Each employee has access to the corporate recreation center. Recreational amenities are scattered throughout the campus, and include a workout room with weights and rowing machines, locker rooms, washers and dryers, a massage room, assorted video games, Foosball, a baby grand piano, a pool table, and ping pong. In addition to the rec room, there are snack rooms stocked with various cereals, gummy bears, toffee, licorice, cashews, yogurt, carrots, fresh fruit, and dozens of different drinks including fresh juice, soda, and make your own cappuccino.

### [మార్చు] April Fool's Day jokes

  Main article: Google's hoaxes

Google has a tradition of creating April Fool's Day jokes such as Google MentalPlex, which featured the use of mental power to search the web. In 2002, they claimed that pigeons were the secret behind their growing search engine. In 2004, it featured Google Lunar, which featured jobs on the moon and in 2005, a fictitious brain-boosting drink termed, Google Gulp was announced. One can find other pranks hidden between Google's pages. Additionally, in the languages list one can find the Bork! Bork! Bork! version, imitating the Muppet Show's Swedish Chef. They also offer versions in Pig Latin, Elmer Fudd, and Klingon. Some people thought the announcement of Gmail in 2004 around April Fool's Day (as well as the doubling of Gmail's storage space to two gigabytes in 2005) was a joke. In 2005, featured on the Gmail homepage, was a comedic graph depicting Google's goal of "infinity plus one" GB of storage. In 2006, Google's joke was Google Romance which would have assured users that dating and romance would no longer be a problem.

### [మార్చు] IPO and culture

Many people speculated that Google's IPO would inevitably lead to changes in the company's culture,[12] because of shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions and short-term advances, or because a large number of the company's employees would suddenly become millionaires on paper. In a report given to potential investors, co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised that the IPO would not change the company's culture.[13] Later Mr. Page said, "We think a lot about how to maintain our culture and the fun elements."

As Google grows, many analysts are finding that the company is becoming more "corporate". In 2005, articles in The New York Times and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy.[14][15]

## [మార్చు] గూగుల్ భాగస్వాములు

సెప్టంబర్ 28, 2005, న నాసా తో దీర్ఘకాలిక పరిశోధనకు గాను ఒక ఒప్పందాన్ని చేసుకొంది.దీని నిమిత్తమై 10 లక్షల చదరపు అడుగుల పరిశోధనా కేంద్రాన్ని నాసా యొక్క అమెస్ రీసెర్చ్ సెంటర్ లో గూగుల్ నిర్మిస్తోన్నది.నాసా మరియు గూగుల్ సంయుక్తంగా వివిధ అంశాలలో పరిశోధన చేసేందుకు అన్ని ఏర్పాటులు చేసుకొంటున్నాయి.ఈ అంశాలలో కొన్ని- భారీ ఎత్తులో డాటా నిర్వహణ, , massively distributed computing, bio-info-nano convergence, and encouragement of the entrepreneurial space industry. The new building would also include labs, offices, and housing for Google engineers.[16]

Time Warner's AOL unit and Google unveiled an expanded partnership on December 21, 2005, including an enhanced global advertising partnership and a $1 Billion investment by Google for a 5% stake in AOL.[17] As part of the collaboration, Google plans to work with AOL on video search and offer AOL's premium-video service within Google Video. This will allow users of Google Video to search for AOL's premium-video services. Display advertising throughout the Google network will also increase.

Additionally, Google has also recently formed a partnership with Sun Microsystems to help share and distribute each other's technologies. As part of the partnership Google will hire employees to help the open source office program OpenOffice.org.[18]

Google also is involved in collaborative development efforts with the Mozilla Foundation, based on a recent job posting.[19] Google is looking for software engineers to join them in collaborative development on the Firefox browser. They also offer a download of Firefox with the Google Toolbar pre-installed

## [మార్చు] See also

- Computer History Museum – where the original Google web server is on display
- elgooG – a mirror version of Google
- Gmail
- Google search
- Google bomb
- Google Current
- Google employees category
- Google logo
- Google Page Creator Soon after Google Page Creator was launched, it was swamped with millions of users, causing Google to temporarily block users from using their product due to server overload.
- Google Space
- Googlebot
- History of Google – includes discussion of criticisms and controversies
- List of Acquisitions by Google
- List of Google services and tools
- List of search engines
- Proceratium google – an ant species named in honor of Google Earth
- TrustRank
- Google Groups

## [మార్చు] References

1. ↑ గూగుల్ కార్పొరెట్ చరిత్ర.
2. ↑ Page, Lawrence; Brin, Sergey; Motwani, Rajeev; Winograd, Terry. "The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web." November 11, 1999.
3. ↑ Battelle, John. "The Birth of Google." Wired Magazine. August, 2005.
4. ↑ Li, Yanhong. "Toward a qualitative search engine." Internet Computing, IEEE. 2 (4), July-August, 1998, 24-29.
5. ↑ Yahoo! Search Marketing Website.
6. ↑ Dvorak, John C. "A Google-Microsoft War." PC Magazine. November 16, 2004.
7. ↑ Crawford, Krysten. "Google CFO: Fraud a big threat." CNN. December 2, 2004.
8. ↑ Levingston, Steven. "Google Buys Company To Expand Into Radio." Washington Post. January 18, 2006.
9. ↑ Gonsalves, Anton. "Google Confirms Testing Ads in Sun-Times Newspaper." Information Week. " January 10, 2006.
10. ↑ Kroll, Luisa; Fass, Allison. "The World's Billionaires." Forbes. March 9, 2006.
11. ↑ Google Corporate Philosophy.
12. ↑ Associated Press. "Quirky Google Culture Endangered?" Wired Magazine. April 28, 2004
13. ↑ Baertlein, Lisa. "Google IPO at $2.7 billion." CIOL IT Unlimited. April 30, 2004.
14. ↑ Rivlin, Gary. "Relax, Bill Gates; It's Google's Turn as the Villain." New York Times. August 24, 2005.
15. ↑ Gibson, Owen; Wray, Richard. "Search giant may outgrow its fans." The Sydney Morning Herald. August 25, 2005.
16. ↑ Lewis, Laura; Fox, Lynn. "NASA Takes Google on Journey into Space." National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Press Release. September 28, 2005.
17. ↑ Rosenbush, Steve. "AOL-Google: Who Gets What?" BusinessWeek. December 21, 2005.
18. ↑ Brown, James. "Sun partners with Google." vnunet.com. October 5, 2005.
19. ↑ Google Job Listing for Software Engineer, Firefox - Mountain View.

## [మార్చు] Further reading

- David Vise and Mark Malseed (2005-11-15). The Google Story. Delacorte Press. ISBN 055380457X.
- John Battelle (2005-09-08). The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture. Portfolio Hardcover. ISBN 1591840880.

## [మార్చు] బయటి లింకులు

Google గురించిన మరింత సమాచారము కొరకు వికీపీడియా యొక్క సోదర ప్రాజెక్టులు:అన్వేషించండి

నిఘంటువు నిర్వచనాలు విక్క్షనరీ నుండి
పాఠ్యపుస్తకాలు వికీ పుస్తకాల నుండి
ఉదాహరణలు వికికోటు నుండి
మూల పుస్తకాల నుండి వికి మూల పుస్తకాల నుండి
చిత్రాలు మరియు మాద్యమము చిత్రాలు మరియు మాద్యమము నుండి
వార్తా కథనాలు వికీ వార్తల నుండి

### [మార్చు] Google's content links

- Google website
- Google.org —The philanthropic arm of Google
- Official Google Blog

### [మార్చు] Other links

- Google.VC — Unofficial Google Website
- Blingo — Provides googgle search results with free prizes when you search

Retrieved from "http://te.wikipedia.org../../../%E0%B0%97/%E0%B1%82/%E0%B0%97/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D.html"

వర్గాలు: అనువాదము కోరబడిన పేజీలు | గూగుల్ | నాస్‌డాక్‌లో నయోదు చేయబడిన కంపెనీలు | ఇంటర్నెట్టు శోధనా యంత్రాలు | Neologisms | Webby Awards winners | కాలిఫోర్నియాలో ఆధారితమైన కంపెనీలు | 1998 స్థాపితాలు

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