# Giao thông Việt Nam

### Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia

Giao thông ở Việt Nam bao gồm đường bộ, đường thủy, đường sắt và đường hàng không.

## [sửa] Đường sắt

- Tổng chiều dài: 2.652 km
- Bề rộng tiêu chuẩn: khổ 1,371 m
- Khổ đường sắt hẹp: 2.249 km khổ 1,000 m
- Kkhổ đôi: 237 km NA-m gauges (ba tuyến đường ray) (1998)

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### [sửa] Đường sắt nối với các nước giáp giới

- Trung Quốc - yes - break-of-gauge 1000mm/1435mm - 237 km dual gauge
- Campuchia - no - same gauge 1000mm
- Lào - no - same gauge 1000mm

### [sửa] Xem thêm

- Công ty xe lửa Gia Lâm

### [sửa] Bản đồ

- Bản đồ đường sắt
- Website chính thức
- UN Map

## [sửa] Đường bộ

Viet Nam’s road system includes: national roads administered by the central level; provincial roads managed by the provincial level, district roads managed by the district level, urban roads managed by cities and towns: and commune roads managed by the commune level. The total length of the Viet Nam road system is about 222,179 km with 19.0 % paved, mainly national roads and provincial roads (source: Vietnam Road Administration, 2004). The national road system length is 17,295 km with 83.5% of its length paved. The provincial road system is 27,762 km of length with 53.6% paved.

Expressway is rather a new concept for Vietnamese, traffic is growing rapidly but the major roads are dangerous due to inappropriate design and an inappropriate traffic mix. Expressways would solve these problems along the key corridors, by separating high speed traffic from slower, local traffic.

Viet Nam currently recognizes two classes of expressway. Both have a minimum of two lanes in each direction, but Class A has grade separated interchanges, while Class B has at-grade intersections. There are 4 design-speed categories: 60, 80, 100 and 120 Km/h. Generally all cars, buses and trucks are permitted on the expressway but cong nong and motorcycles of less than 70cm³ engine capacity are not.

Road finance comes from a number of sources including the government, overseas donors such as the ADB,WB, JBIC and business organizations. Road investment recovery is mainly through tolls collected on bridges and roads, in accordance with laws mentioned above.

Viet Nam Expressway Corporation (VEC) was established in October 2004 as an institution to develop the expressways in Viet Nam. It is the only expressway company of MOT. VEC is a fully state-owned company. Current VEC business activities consist of promoting and developing five active expressway projects and well as developing the expressway network plan. In addition, VEC is proceeding with its first bond issue as well as starting negotiations on mixed ODA/OCR loans and discussing PPP/BOT approaches.

The VEC organization structure was established in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law on State Enterprises. It is divided into three levels. The first consists of the Management Board and the Internal Audit Unit. The second level consists of the General Director and four Deputy Directors, and the third level consists of five functional divisions and two Project Management Units, one for the North and one for the South.

Funding Options for Expressways and the Relation of Funding to VEC Optimal Structure: three options are identified: 100% government financing, local BOT and foreign BOT/PPP arrangements. Experience in a number of regional countries emphasizes strong government support and a mixture of financing options.

VEC Vision and Mission: our present understanding is that the government is not looking for dividends but rather expects that VEC will carry out the expressways projects efficiently and reinvests returns into new expressways.

## [sửa] Đường thủy

17,702 km navigable; more than 5,149 km navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8 m draft

## [sửa] Đường ống

petroleum products 150 km

## [sửa] Cảng và bến cảng

Cam Ranh, Đà Nẵng, Hải Phòng, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Hồng Gai, Qui Nhơn, Nha Trang.

## [sửa] Merchant marine

total: 133 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 616,115 GRT/941,611 DWT

ships by type: bulk 7, cargo 103, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, container 1, liquified gas 1, petroleum tanker 15, refrigerated cargo 4 (1999 est.)

## [sửa] Sân bay

Vietnam Airlines is the national carrier of Vietnam. The airline currently operates a modern fleet of Western-built aircraft, but suffered several fatal mishaps prior to phasing out its aging Russian-built fleet. The airline has experienced numerous hijackings, all but one of which occurred during Vietnam's civil war. The most recent occurred in 1992, and did not result in any injuries.

Pacific Airlines is the second largest airline of Vietnam. Based in Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), it is a regional airline with a few domestic and international routes.

### [sửa] Tổng cộng

48 (số liệu 1999)

### [sửa] Các sân bay có đường băng rải (nhựa, bê tông)

- tổng cộng: 36
- hơn 3,047 m: 8
- từ 2,438 tới 3,047 m: 3
- từ 1,524 tới 2,437 m: 5
- từ 914 tới 1,523 m: 13
- dưới 914 m: 7 (số liệu năm 1994)

### [sửa] Các sân bay có đường băng bằng đất

- tổng cộng: 12
- từ 1,524 tới 2,437 m: 2
- từ 914 tới 1,523 m: 5
- dưới 914 m: 5 (số liệu năm 1994)

## [sửa] Xem thêm

- Việt Nam

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