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Sheng is a Swahili-based patois, originating in Nairobi, Kenya, and influenced by the many languages spoken there. While primarily a language of urban youths, it has spread across social classes to the halls of the Kenyan parliament and geographically to neighbouring Tanzania and Uganda.

Originating in the early 1970s in the Eastlands area of Nairobi (variously described as a "slum," "ghetto," or "suburb"), Sheng is now heard among matatu drivers across the region, and in the popular media. It can be assumed to be the first language of many Kenyans in urban areas. Like all slang, it mainly used by the youth and is part of a popular culture in this countries.It also evolves rapidly, as words are moved into and out of slang use. It is finding broad use among East African hip hop artists, such as Kalamashaka and Nonini, whose music helps spread the language and contribute to rapid changes or shifts in Sheng vocabulary, but also among university and secondary-school students.

Although the grammar, syntax, and much of the vocabulary are drawn from Swahili, Sheng borrows from English and from the languages of the various ethnic groups in Kenya, including Gĩkũyũ, Luo and Kamba.

Depending on what part of Nairobi you are from, and even what part of Kenya and East Africa you are from, the version of Sheng you will use, and the Sheng words, can vary significantly.

Many have adopted Sheng as a vernacular language, while others (notably primary and secondary school teachers responsible for language instruction) claim that it is undermining standard Swahili. At least one scholar, however, points out that the bulk of Sheng speakers are already bi- or tri-lingual, and so it is not clear why the ability to speak Sheng should undermine proficiency in standard Swahili.[1]

Some examples of popular sheng words are "manzi" which means girl, "beste" which means friend, "muenjoyo" which means having fun, "hare" which means to go out at night and "waka" which means to get drunk.

Additional words:

  • ndai/moti/murenga/dinga: car
  • munde/chapa/niado/ganji: money
  • mbota: watch
  • njumu: shoes
  • veve/mbachu-Khat
  • fegi/mozo: cigarette
  • nare: matches
  • ubao/maunenge: hunger
  • mdosi/sonko: boss, rich man
  • mboch: house girl (maid)
  • mbuenya: overcoat or trench coat.
  • mdosi,mbuyu: also means Dad
  • Matha: woman
  • Fala: idiot
  • Karau: Police
  • Keja: House


[redigér] References

  1. Githioria, Chege (2002). "Sheng: peer language, Swahili dialect or emerging Creole?" Journal of African Cultural Studies 15 (2), 159-181, (abstract)

The origin of sheng cannot be said to be Nairobi only. Sheng words originate from the major towns in kenya, notably Nakuru, Kisumu, Mombasa and Eldoret. Nairobi can only be said to the major contributor of the sheng Vocabulary. This is because it is the biggest city in Kenya, hence can be said to be the meeting point of all Kenyan tribes and Cultures. It can also be said that Nairabi's sheng spreads faster than sheng from any other kenyan town. The crusaders of Nairobi's sheng are mostly Pimary, high school and University students. Most of this students tend to study upcountry hence they 'teach' the people they find there the sheng they know.

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