User:Beginner 25/IEEE
A Wikipédiából, a szabad lexikonból.
- Not to be confused with the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE).
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or IEEE (pronounced as eye-triple-e) is an international non-profit, professional organization for the advancement of technology related to electricity. It has the most members of any technical professional organization in the world, with more than 360,000 members in around 175 countries.
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[szerkesztés] Áttekintés
IEEE's Constitution defines the purposes of the organization as "scientific and educational, directed toward the advancement of the theory and practice of electrical, electronics, kommunikáció and computer engineering, as well as számítógép tudomány, the allied branches of engineering and the related művészetek and tudományok." In pursuing these goals, the IEEE serves as a major publisher of scientific journals and a conferences organizer. It is also a leading developer of industrial standards in a broad range of disciplines, including electric power and energy, biomedical technology and healthcare, information technology, information assurance, telecommunications, consumer electronics, transportation, aerospace, and nanotechnology. IEEE develops and participates in educational activities such as accreditation of electrical engineering programs in institutes of higher learning. The IEEE logo is a diamond-shaped design which contains the right hand rule.
IEEE produces 30 percent of the world's literature in the electrical and electronics engineering and computer science fields, and has developed more than 900 active industry standards. It also sponsors or cosponsors more than 300 international technical conferences each year. The IEEE consists of 37 societies, organized around specialized technical fields, with more than 300 local organizations that hold regular meetings. The IEEE publishes an extensive range of peer-reviewed journals, and is a major international standards body (nearly 900 active standards with 700 under development).
Most IEEE members are electrical engineers, computer engineers, and computer scientists, but the organization's wide scope of interests has attracted engineers in other disciplines (e.g., mechanical and civil,) as well as biologists, physicists, and mathematicians.
The IEEE is incorporated in the State of New York, United States. It was formed in 1963 by the merger of the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE, founded 1912) and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, founded 1884). It has a dual complementary regional and technical structure - with organizational units based on geography (e.g., the IEEE Philadelphia Section) and technical focus (e.g., the IEEE Computer Society). It manages a separate organizational unit (IEEE-USA) which recommends policies and implements programs specifically intended to benefit the members, the profession and the public in the United States.
The IEEE Standards Association is in charge of the standardization activities of the IEEE. There are seven steps to its standard setting process, which typically takes 18 months to complete: 1. Securing Sponsorship 2. Requesting Project Authorization 3. Assembling a Working Group 4. Drafting the Standard 5. Balloting (75% approval required) 6. Review Committee 7. Final Vote
Híres emberek voltak a szervezet és az alapítvány vezetői között, többek között: Alexander Graham Bell (telefon), Lee De Forest (elektroncső), William R. Hewlett (számítógép).
[szerkesztés] IEEE publikációk
Minden IEEE publikáció, ideértve a újságokat, szabványokat, időszakos kiadványokat, amelyek 1988 után jelentek meg, az IEEE tagok számára online hozzáférhetők a IEEE Xplore weblapon. Ez az adatbázis több, mint 1.2 milliárd dokumentumot tartalmaz, és valószínűeg az egyik legnagyobb ilyen jellegű adatbázis.
[szerkesztés] History
The major interests of the AIEE were wire communications (telegraph and telephony) and light and power systems. The IRE concerned mostly radio engineering, and was formed from two smaller organizations, the Society of Wireless and Telegraph Engineers and the Wireless Institute. With the rise of electronics in the 1930s, electronics engineers usually became members of the IRE, but the applications of electron tube technology became so extensive that the technical boundaries differentiating the IRE and the AIEE became difficult to distinguish. After World War II, the two organizations became increasingly competitive, and in 1961, the leadership of both the IRE and the AIEE resolved to consolidate the two organizations. The two organizations formally merged as the IEEE on January 1, 1963.
[szerkesztés] Standards & the IEEE Standards Development Process
IEEE is one of the premiere standards making organizations in the world. IEEE performs its standards making and maintaining functions through the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA). IEEE standards affect a wide range of industries including: power and energy, biomedical and healthcare, Information Technology (IT), telecommunications, transportation, nanotechnology, information assurance, and many more. In 2005, IEEE had close to 900 active standards, with 500 standards under development. One of the more notable IEEE standards is the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN group of standards which includes the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard and the IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networking standard.
The IEEE standards development process can be broken down into seven basic steps, as follows:
1. Securing Sponsorship: An IEEE-approved organization must sponsor a standard. A sponsoring organization is in charge of coordinating and supervising the standard development from inception to completion. The professional societies within IEEE serve as the natural sponsor for many standards.
2. Requesting Project Authorization: To gain authorization for the standard a Project Authorization Request (PAR) is submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board. The New Standards Committee (NesCom) of the IEEE-SA Standards Board reviews the PAR and makes a recommendation to the Standards Board about whether to approve the PAR.
3. Assembling a Working Group: After the PAR is approved, a "working group" of individuals affected by, or interested in, the standard is organized to develop the standard. IEEE-SA rules ensure that all Working Group meetings are open and that anyone has the right to attend and contribute to the meetings
4. Drafting the Standard: The Working Group prepares a draft of the proposed standard. Generally, the draft follows the IEEE Standards Style Manual that sets “guidelines” for the clauses and format of the standards document.
5. Balloting: Once a draft of the standard is finalized in the Working Group, the draft is submitted for Balloting approval. The IEEE Standards Department sends an invitation-to-ballot to any individual who has expressed an interest in the subject matter of the standard. Anyone who responds positively to the invitation-to-ballot becomes a member of the balloting group, as long as the individual is an IEEE member or has paid a balloting fee. The IEEE requires that a proposed draft of the standard receive a response rate of 75% (i.e., at least 75% of potential ballots are returned) and that, of the responding ballots, at least 75% approve the proposed draft of the standard. If the standard is not approved, the process returns to the drafting of the standard step in order to modify the standard document to gain approval of the balloting group.
6. Review Committee: After getting 75% approval, the draft standard, along with the balloting comments, are submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board Review Committee (RevCom). The RevCom reviews the proposed draft of the standard against the IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws and the stipulations set forth in the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual. The RevCom then makes a recommendation about whether to approve the submitted draft of the standard document.
7. Final Vote: Each member of the IEEE-SA Standards Board places a final vote on the submitted standard document. It takes a majority vote of the Standards Board to gain final approval of the standard. In general, if the RevCom recommends approval, the Standards Board will vote to approve the standard.
[szerkesztés] Ismert IEEE csoportok és szabványok
- IEEE 488 — Szabványos digitális interfészek programozható berendezések számára (Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation), IEEE-488-1978 (now 488.1).
- IEEE 754 — lebegőpontos aritmetikák meghatározásai
- IEEE 802 — LAN/MAN
- IEEE 802.3 — Ethernet
- IEEE 802.11 — Vezetéknélküli hálózatok – "WiFi"
- IEEE 802.16 — Vezetéknélküli hálózatok – "WiMax"
- IEEE 829 — Szoftver teszt dokumentációk
- IEEE 896 — Futurebus
- IEEE 1003 — POSIX – "Unix" kompatibilis programozási szabványok
- IEEE 1076 — VHDL – VHSIC Hardver leíró nyelv
- IEEE 1149.1 — JTAG
- IEEE 1275 — Open Firmware
- IEEE 1284 — párhuzamos port
- IEEE P1363 — nyilvános kulccsal rendelkező titkosítás
- IEEE 1394 — Soros busz — "FireWire", "i.Link"
- IEEE P1901 — Broadband over Power Line Networks
- IEEE 1541 — Prefixumok bináris szorzókhoz
- IEEE 12207 — információtechnológia
- IEEE Switchgear Committee C37 series of standards for Low and High voltage equipment
[szerkesztés] IEEE Awards and Honors
- IEEE Medal of Honor
- Edison Medal
- IEEE Nikola Tesla Award
- IEEE SA International Award
- IEEE John von Neumann Medal
- IEEE Charles Proteus Steinmetz Award
- IEEE Internet Award
[szerkesztés] External links
- IEEE website
- History of the AIEE-IRE merger
- IEEE Standard Association
- IEEE Entity Web Hosting
- IEEE Xplore — over a million online documents
[szerkesztés] References
The Standards & the IEEE Standards Development Process section is based on information originally obtained from the IEEE and IEEE-SA websites, and the Appendix of the article "The Role of Market-Based and Committee-Based Standards," by Sanjiv Patel, Babson College 2002.

