Жан Мишел Жар
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| Жан Мишел Жар Композитор | |
| Роден: | 24 август, 1948 Лион, Франция | 
|---|---|
Жан Мишел Жар (Жан-Мишел Андрѐ Жар роден на 24 август, 1948 в град Лион, Франция) е легендарен френски композитор и музикален продуцент. Той е син на Морис Жар, известен композитор на филмова музика. Жан Мишел Жар е смятан за един от първите в електронния жанр, както и като иноватор, заради зрелищните концерти, които изнася, които включват лазерни прожекции и фойерверки, свързвайки музиката с архитектурата и околната среда.
Първоначално, художественото му име било Жан-Мишел Жар. Между издаванията наWaiting for Cousteau (1990) и Images – The Best of Jean Michel Jarre (1991), той махнал тирето от собственото си име.
| Съдържание | 
[редактиране] Музикална кариера
[редактиране] Музикално образование
Жар започнал да учи пиано на петгодишна възраст, но по-късно спрял да се занимава с упражненията по класика. През 1964 година, той сформирал групата Mystere IV. В края на 60-те, той започнва да експериментира с тактове на магнетофонни ленти, радио- и други електронни устройства. През 1968, той се присъединява към групата Groupe de Recherches Musicales, под ръководството на Пиер Шафер, бащата на musique concrète, където бил представен на синтезаторите.
[редактиране] Годините Дрейфус
В началото на 70-те, Жар издава първото си самостоятелно произведение La Cage (1972), както и първите си два албимни проекта; Deserted Palace (издаден от Сам Фокс Продукшънс/Дрейфус, 1973) и музиката за филма Les Granges Brulées (Дрейфус, 1973). Но чак през 1976, Жар си осигурява договор с Полидор (след първото издаване на Disques Motors) с неговия първи многомилионно тиражиран албум, Oxygene (въпреки, че чак през 1977 албумът започва да се издава в цял свят още след първото публикуване във Франция Oxygene става популярен във цял свят). Oxygene е считан от много хора като най-важният и влиятелен електронен албум за всички времена и оттам за един от най-важните албуми в популярната музика. Различаващ се от тогавашните албуми, от твърдия, футуристичен звук на Kraftwerk, или още по-'космическия' и мрачен Tangerine Dream, Oxygene има разкошен, омайващ и мелодичен звук напомнящ на мелодията на Уолтър Карлос от музиката към филма Портокал с часовников механизъм, издаден няколко години по-рано и жъне успех по целия свят. Произведението Oxygene Part IV е издадено отделно и става едно от най-добре познатите парчета електронна музика. Ключов компоненти в звуците на Жар са използването на фазер ефекта Малък Камък на Електрохармоникс на синтетични струнни клавиши и свободно използване на ехо в различните звукови ефекти, създадени от VCS3 синтезатор.
През 1978 е издаден неговия втори албум Equinoxe. Жар разработва звука, използвайки елементи с повече ритъм и динамика, particularly a greater use of sequencing on basslines. Much of this was achieved using custom equipment developed by his collaborator Michel Geiss. A concert on the Place de la Concorde in Paris in 1979 followed the release. This concert attracted one million people, which was Jarre's first entry in the Guinness Book of Records for the largest crowd at an outdoor concert.
In October 1981, Jarre was the first Western pop-artist who was granted permission to give concerts in the People's Republic of China. Also during this year, Les Chants Magnétiques (Magnetic Fields) was released to much acclaim, and was followed by the release of Les Concerts En Chine (The Concerts in China) album in 1982 and is marked as his first ever live album release, comprising of recordings from his tour of China during 1981.
In 1983, he created the album Musique pour Supermarchés (Music for Supermarkets), which had a print run of one single copy. The album was made expressly to voice Jarre's distaste and disregard for the music business. Jarre destroyed all the master records from his studio work, allowed a radio station (Radio Luxembourg) to broadcast the album once and auctioned it, raising £10,000 for French artists. People recorded the album using their tape recorders while it was broadcast on the radio, so they can listen to that album, at a very poor quality though (the radio station was an AM station). Songs from this album were later reworked into future albums.
In 1984, Zoolook was released, and was Jarre's first foray into the world of sampling, with the album comprising of many different words and speech, recorded in different languages, to create different sounds and effects, and also included the vocals of Laurie Anderson on the track 'Diva'.
In 1986, NASA and the city of Houston asked him to do a concert to celebrate NASA's 25th anniversary and the city of Houston's 150th anniversary. During that concert, astronaut Ronald McNair was to play the saxophone part of Jarre's piece Rendez-Vous VI while in orbit on board the Space Shuttle Challenger. It was to have been the first piece of music recorded in space, for the album Rendez-Vous. After the Challenger disaster of January 28, 1986 which killed McNair, the piece was recorded with a different saxophonist, retitled Ron's piece and the album dedicated to the seven Challenger astronauts. The Houston concert entered the Guinness Book of Records for the audience of over 1.5 million. The concert featured giant projections of photographic images and laser patterns onto the buildings of downtown Houston, including a gigantic white screen on the front face of the Texaco Heritage Plaza building, which was under construction at the time.
Later in 1986, Jarre performed in his home town of Lyon as part of the celebrations for Pope Jean Paul II's visit to the city, the concert of which the Pope attended and introduced with a good-night blessing (a recording of which forms part of the album Cities In Concert - Houston/Lyon).
In 1988 the album Revolutions was released. Jarre, along with guests such as Hank Marvin, the legendary guitarist from The Shadows, performed this album and selected highlights from his discography at an event entitled Destination Docklands in front of 200,000 people (not including the thousands of observers who witnessed the event from outside the official concert gates) in two concerts on October 8 and October 9 1988. The event utilized the industrial backdrop of London's Royal Victoria Docks in the East End.
On July 14, 1990 Jarre broke his own record in the Guinness Book of Records again with a concert at La Defense, Paris where 2.5 million people watched Jarre light up the Parisian business district. The album En Attendant Cousteau (Waiting for Cousteau) was also released in this year, and was dedicated to the French sea explorer, Jacques Cousteau.
In 1993, Jarre released his first work to be largely influenced by the techno-music scene that had been developing since about 1989. Entitled "Chronologie", the album was, from a technical standpoint, a revision to a concept employed by Jarre in his "Oxygene/Equinoxe" period, where a grandiose overture provides the emotional feel and sonic timbre for the rest of the following, more rhythmic pieces. This time, however, the tracks would feature newer state-of-the-art synthesizers, swooshing sampled clocks (fitting the theme of the album) and contemporary rave-rhythms driving the tempo - a style that became threaded throughout most of the work that followed. In inspiring a generation of electronic musicians with his work from the 70's and 80's, Jarre in turn found himself drawn to the trance genre which followed him in the 90's. For the first time Jarre toured to support an album, playing large-scale outdoor shows in several European cities and in Hong Kong.
However, to fans reminiscing for the subtle tonal quality and phased sounds of Jarre's early work, 1997 would not be a disappointing year. "Oxygene 7-13" was released to reveal that a coherent sonic story over the course of an album was something that Jarre could still achieve in the sequel-of-sorts to his 1976 landmark release. This album brought back the VCS 3 synthesizer and Mellotron, among others. One can hear inspiration from "Oxygene (Part IV)" and "Equinoxe (Part II)" in the two-movement piece "Oxygene 7", while many of the other techno-based tracks on the album suggest a combination of Jarre's inspiration from both the "Oxygene" and "Chronologie" periods. "Oxygene 10" would also be the first piece composed by Jarre to feature him playing a theremin. Jarre once again toured Europe to support the album, this time focusing on smaller, indoor venues with a stripped down version of his large outdoor extravaganzas. Jarre visited several countries he had never played before.
On September 6 1997, Jarre played in Moscow to celebrate the 850th anniversary of the city. The Moscow State University was used as the backdrop for a spectacular display of image projections, skytrackers and fireworks, with an audience of 3.5 million, Jarre's fourth record for the biggest concert audience ever.
[редактиране] Metamorphoses
In 1999 Jarre created a spectacular music and light show in the Egyptian desert, near Giza. The show, called The 12 Dreams of the Sun, celebrated the new millennium and 5,000 years of civilization in Egypt. It also offered a preview of his new album, Metamorphoses.
Jarre released "Metamorphoses," his first fully-vocal album, in 2000. The compositions and their arrangement on this techno-based album are extremely imaginative. Jarre began integrating sound effects from Apple computers, including an implementation of Macintalk, a Macintosh program that allowed Jarre to have a computer generated voice speak his strange lyrics on the song "Love, Love, Love". Laurie Anderson made her second guest appearance in the Jarre discography on the opening track. The listener was also treated to collaborations with Natacha Atlas on vocals, and Sharon Corr of Irish pop group The Corrs on violin. "Metamorphoses" was not released in the USA until a couple of years later. Critically and among fans, "Metamorphoses" is one of Jarre's least regarded albums.
In 2001 Jarre performed a concert in collaboration with Arthur C. Clarke and Tetsuya "TK" Komuro in the Okinawa beaches, to celebrate the "real" beginning of the new millennium. The concert was called Rendez-vous in Space and the group called itself The ViZitors. Later that year, Jarre played at the Acropolis in Greece.
[редактиране] The Aero years
In 2002, Jarre performed a concert called "Aero" at Grammel Vrå Enge wind farm, just outside Aalborg in Denmark, to a rather wet audience of approximately 50,000. A studio-album of mostly retooled Jarre classics was later released in 2004, in combined DVD and CD forms. The DVD featured 5.1 sound, with DTS and Dolby Digital tracks. Jarre affirmed that this was the first ever musical work conceived for 5.1 sound. The video to accompany the musical tracks was a fixed very close-up shot of Anne Parillaud's eyes reacting in real time to the music.
2002 would also mark the release of "Sessions 2000", a set of experimental synth-jazz pieces that were stylistically distinct from anything Jarre had previously released. The work on this album is decidedly less rhythm-oriented than Jarre's previous work from "Equinoxe" on.
In 2003, Jarre released the album Geometry of Love for dance club VIP Lounge, in Paris, taking the 'inspired by the club generation' all the way. While Jarre's contemporary albums found themselves drawn to the pulsing rhythms of the dancefloor, Geometry of Love had its spiritual home in the chill-out room at the back, with lush, spawling, sublime works washing over the listener.
On October 10, 2004, Jarre performed two consecutive concerts, first in the Forbidden City, followed immediately by a smaller concert in Tienanmen Square in China, to commemorate open China’s "Year of France" cultural exchange season. Choosing a picturesque location at Wumen Gate in the Forbidden City, Jarre performed with both modern and traditional Chinese orchestras, choir, opera singers, and several guest musicians including Chen Lin, and guitarist Patrick Rondat. Jarre was prevented from performing with China’s Cui Jian whose songs were sung by student demonstrators in 1989. While it is the first section of the performance that is of historical significance (the Forbidden City being very much as its name suggests - the audience comprised of about 15,000 spectators, most of them special guests), the second half had a more muted stage arrangement, providing the closest Jarre had ever had to an 'after-gig' show - with an audience of 9,000 expectant chinese. This concert was broadcast in HDTV with 5.1 sound by some satellite channels. 5.1 sound was also used on the stage. A combined DVD/CD of these concerts, Jarre In China was released in 2005 with THX-mastered sound.
On August 26, 2005, Jarre performed a long-form concert called "Space of Freedom" in Gdańsk, Poland to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Solidarity. Around 170,000 people attended the paid-entry concert. Lech Wałęsa was present on stage.
On September 10th, 2005 Jarre made a short-form concert at the LinX Live Show for the official opening of the Eurocam Media Centre, containing Belgian HDTV Company Euro1080's new HDTV Studios, in Lint, Belgium.
On October 2nd, 2006 Tadlow Music will release a special symphonic album, titled "The Symphonic Jean Michel Jarre" with 20 cover versions of previously-released Jarre tracks on 2 CDs. Jarre has contributed with ideas and some arrangements to this album. [1]
Jarre is planning to release a new studio album by the end of 2006.
During 2006, Jean Michel Jarre produced an experimental tv-series by Ellibert Mozart Fuzzkhan entitled 'Mort-Mouvance'. Its four episodes will be broadcast on French TV channel Arte in March 2007. Shot with DV cameras, the series has a pseudo amateur feel to it. It is described as a mix between zombie, musical comedy and veejaying. It will be kind of open source, allowing it to be distributed on the internet for free. [2]
[редактиране] Personal life
Jarre has been married three times:
- to Flore Guillard on January 20, 1975
- to British actress and photographer Charlotte Rampling from October 7, 1978 until circa 1998
- (in 2002 he became publicly engaged to French actress Isabelle Adjani, but later she ended this relationship)
- to French actress Anne Parillaud on May 12, 2005.
Jarre has three children:
- Emilie, from his first marriage
- Barnaby Southcombe, Charlotte Rampling's son from a previous marriage
- David, Charlotte and Jarre's son.
[редактиране] Awards and recognitions
- 1976 - Prix de l'Académie Charles Cros for "Oxygene".
- 1976 - "Grand Prix du Disque" for "Oxygene".
- 1976 - "Personality of The Year" by People magazine (USA).
- 1979 - Guinness Book of Records entry for the biggest concert ever (La Concorde).
- 1981 - Honorary member of the Beijing Conservatory of Music.
- 1985 - Instrumental music album of the year for "Zoolook" in the USA.
- 1985 - Prix de l'Académie Charles Cros for "Zoolook".
- 1985 - "Victories de la Musique" in France.
- 1987 - "Victories de la Musique" for "Rendez-vous Houston".
- 1987 - New Guinness Book of Records entry for the biggest concert ever (Rendez-Vous Houston).
- 1987 - "European musician Person of the Year" by People magazine.
- 1990 - New Guinness Book of Records entry for the biggest concert ever ("Paris La Defense: A City in Concert").
- 1993 - UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador.
- 1994 - "Victories de La Musique" for the "Europe in Concert" tour.
- 1994 - Awarded Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur from the French Government.
- 1997 - New Guinness Book of Records entry for the biggest concert ever with 3.5 million watching at Moscow's 850th anniversary.
- 1998 - IFPI's Platinum Europe Award.
- 2005 - HCA Ambassador for the Hans Christian Andersen 2005 Bicentenary Festival.
- 2006 - Polish Television Academy's "Super Wiktor" award for "Space of Freedom".
- 2006 - Gdansk's Man Of The Year 2005 Award.
By 2005 he had sold an estimated 72 million albums and singles over his career.
An asteroid, 4422 Jarre, has been named in honor of him. [3]
[редактиране] Selected discography
[редактиране] Singles
- La Cage/Erosmachine (1970, 7" single only)
[редактиране] Studio albums
- Deserted Palace (1972)
- Oxygene (1976 in France, 1977 worldwide)
- Equinoxe (1978)
- Magnetic Fields (Les Chants Magnétiques) (1981)
- Zoolook (1984)
- Rendez-Vous (1986)
- Revolutions (1988)
- Waiting for Cousteau (En Attendant Cousteau) (1990)
- Chronologie (1993)
- Oxygene 7-13 (1997)
- Metamorphoses (2000)
- Sessions 2000 (2002)
- Geometry of Love (2003)
- AERO (2004)
[редактиране] Limited edition studio albums
- Music for Supermarkets (Musique pour Supermarchés) (1983, only one copy printed)
- Interior Music (2001, Limited edition for Bang & Olufsen, 1000 copies printed)
- Sublime Mix (2006, Limited edition for Jaguar France)
[редактиране] Live albums
- The Concerts in China (Les Concerts En Chine) (1982)
- In Concert Houston-Lyon (1987, 1997 replaced by Cities In Concert Houston-Lyon)
- Jarre Live (1989, 1997 renamed Destination Docklands)
- Hong Kong (1994)
- Live From Gdańsk - (Koncert w Stoczni) (2005, released as stand-alone CD exclusively in Central Europe)
- Live Printemps de Bourges 2002 (2006, released exclusively on iTunes)
[редактиране] Original film soundtracks
- Les Granges Brûlées (1973)
- Palawan : Le dernier refuge (1991, documentary) [4]
- Qui Veut Devenir Une Star (2001)
[редактиране] Film soundtracks officially crediting Jarre
- Gallipoli (1981, uses tracks from Oxygene)
- 9½ Weeks (1986, "Arpegiator" from "Concert en Chine")
- Strajk: die Heldin von Danzig (2006, uses tracks from the Space of Freedom concert and Geometry of Love)
[редактиране] Remixes
- Jarremix (1995)
- Odyssey Through O2 (1998)
[редактиране] Compilations
- Musik aus Zeit und Raum (1983)
- The Essential Jean Michel Jarre (1983)
- Synthesis (1983, only issued in Italy)
- The Essential 1976-1986 (1985, music same as on The Essential Jean Michel Jarre)
- The Laser Years (Les Années Laser) (1989, 9-CD box featuring Cities In Concert Houston-Lyon, originally not available separately)
- Images – The Best of Jean Michel Jarre (1991)
- L'Intégrale (1992, 10-CD box)
- The Complete Oxygene (1998, 2-CD box containing Oxygene and Oxygene 7-13 plus bonus track)
- The Essential (2004)
[редактиране] Video releases
- Place de la Concorde (1980, VHS PAL-G)
- The China Concerts (1989, VHS PAL-G)
- Rendez-vous Houston: A City in Concert (1989, VHS PAL-G)
- Rendez-vous Lyon (1989, VHS PAL-G)
- Destination Docklands (1989, VHS PAL-G)
- Images: The Best of Jean Michel Jarre (1991, VHS NTSC)
- Paris La Defense (1992, VHS SECAM)
- Europe in Concert (1994, VHS NTSC)
- Concert pour la Tolerance (1995, Laserdisc SECAM)
- Oxygen in Moscow (1997, DVD NTSC/VHS PAL-G, released on the USA and Brazil)
- Paris Live: Rendez-vous 98 Electronic Night (1998, VHS NTSC, released on Japan as part of Tetsuya "TK" Komuro's "TK 1998" boxset)
- Live in Beijing (2004, DVD PAL, 1-disc release in France only)
- Jarre in China (2005, DVD PAL, 2-disc European re-release of the above with extra features)
- Jean-Michel Jarre: Solidarnosc Live (2005, DVD NTSC; released in 1-disc and 2-disc DVD/CD versions)
[редактиране] Chart Positions
- Oxygene - #2 UK #78 US
- Equinoxe - #11 UK #126 US
- Les Chants Magnetiques - #6 UK #98 US
- Les Concerts En Chine - #6 UK #1 Portugal
- Rendez-Vous - #9 UK #52 US
- Rendez-Vous 4 (single) - #1 Portugal
- Revolutions - #3 UK
UK ans US chart positions taken from [5]
[редактиране] Concerts
[редактиране] Major concerts
- 1979 - Place de la Concorde (Paris, France).
- 1981 - The Concerts in China (Beijing/Shanghai, China).
- 1986 - Rendez-vous Houston (Houston, USA).
- 1986 - Rendez-vous Lyon (Lyon, France).
- 1988 - Destination Docklands (London, UK).
- 1990 - Paris la Defense (Paris, France).
- 1992 - Swatch the World (Zermatt, Switzerland).
- 1992 - Legends of the Lost City (South Africa).
- 1993 - Europe in Concert (several places across Europe).
- 1994 - Hong Kong (Hong Kong).
- 1995 - Concert Pour la Tolerance (Paris, France).
- 1997 - The Oxygene Tour (several places across Europe).
- 1997 - Oxygen in Moscow (Moscow, Russia).
- 1998 - Nuit Electronique (Paris, France).
- 1998 - Jarre@apple Expo.
- 1999 - The Twelve Dreams of the Sun (Giza, Egypt).
- 2000 - Metamorphoses Showcase.
- 2001 - Rendez-vous in Space (Okinawa, Japan).
- 2001 - Hymn to the Akropolis (Athens, Greece).
- 2002 - Le Printemps de Bourges (Bourges, France).
- 2002 - Aero (Aalborg, Denmark).
- 2004 - Live at Beijing (Beijing, China).
- 2005 - Salle Des Etoiles (Monte-Carlo, Monaco).
- 2005 - Space of Freedom (Gdansk, Poland).
[редактиране] Other performances
- 1971 - AOR (Paris, France)
- 1989 - Destination Trocadero (Paris, France)
- 1994 - Jarre Unplugged (Paris, France)
- 1995 - Festa Italiana (Turin, Italy)
- 1995 - UNESCO 50th Anniversary (Paris, France)
- 1997 - Wetten, dass..? (Vienna, Austria)
- 1998 - Fifa World Player 97 (Disneyland Paris, France)
- 1998 - France Festival (Tokyo, Japan)
- 1998 - FNAC Paris (Paris, France)
- 2005 - Once upon a time (Copenhagen, Denmark).
- 2005 - LinX (Lint, Belgium)
[редактиране] Notable Instruments
Throughout his concerts, Jarre uses several unusual or custom-built instruments. Some of these are:
- The theremin, an early electronic instrument.
- The laser harp.
- The Cristal Baschet. [6] [7]
- The RhythmiComputer, Digisequencer and Matrisequencer, electronic sequencers designed and built by Michel Geiss.
- The LAG Circulaire, LAG Insecte, LAG Meuble, LAG Grand Central, Magic Keyboard and other custom keyboards (usually of semi-circular shape) made by LAG.
[редактиране] Other
- The main music theme from the videogame Captain Blood is his track Ethnicolor.
[редактиране] See also
- Best selling music artists - World's top selling music artists chart.
[редактиране] External links
[редактиране] Official web sites
[редактиране] Biographical information
- Biography from UNESCO
- Biography from bbc.co.uk
- Jean-Michel Jarre's genealogy
- Minor Planet Center information on the asteroid 4422 Jarre
[редактиране] General information
- Jean-Michel Jarre on Open Directory dmoz.org
- Jean-Michel Jarre on allmusic.com
- Jean-Michel Jarre on allmovie.com
- Шаблон:Musicbrainz artist
[редактиране] Fan sites
- "Space Of Freedom" International Forum
- Jean-Michel Jarre Mailing List
- Jarreography: The ultimate Jean Michel Jarre discography website
- Detailed And Extensive JMJ Discograhpy Website
- The international Jarre tribute website; the "Jarre Forever" album & Polar Prize petition
- Шаблон:En icon Jarre UK - UK Jean Michel Jarre Information Website
- Шаблон:Pl icon Polish Fan Website (in Polish) & Forum
- Шаблон:Da icon Danish Fan Website & Forum (in English)
- Шаблон:Nl icon Dutch Fan Website (under construction) & Forum





