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Tenzing Norgay (1914. május 29.(?) – 1986. május 9.), nepáli serpa, hegymászó. 1953. május 29-én Edmund Hillary-vel együtt a világon elsőként ők mászták meg a Föld legmagasabb hegycsúcsát a Mount Everestet.
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[szerkesztés] Gyermekkora
Egészen az 1990-es évekig úgy tudták, hogy Tenzing a nepáli Khumbuban született, ami igen közel fekszik a Mount Everesthez. Valójában a hegytől keletre, Tibetben, a Kharta-völgyben született, de ezt politikai okokból titkolta. Pontos születési idejében bizonytalan volt, az időjárás és a betakarítási munkákból annyit tudott, hogy május vége felé lehetett. A május 29-ét később választotta, mert ezen a napon ért fel a csúcsra.
Eredeti neve "Namgyal Wangdi" volt, de ezt még gyermekkorában megváltoztatták a Rongbuk kolostor vezető lámájának, Ngawang Tenzin Norbu tanácsára. A Tenzing Norgay név jelentése: gazdag-szerencsés-hithű. Apja, Ghang La Mingma jakpásztor volt, 1949-ben húnyt el, anyja Dokmo Kinzom még megérte a Mount Everest megmászását. Tenzing a 11. vagy 13. gyerek volt a családban, de sokan közülük korán meghaltak.
Gyermekként kétszer elszökött otthonról Kathmanduba, majd 19 évesen az indiai Darjeelingbe, a Too Song Bhusti serpa közösségbe költözött.
[szerkesztés] Hegymászás
He took part as a high-altitude porter in three official British attempts to climb Everest from the northern Tibetan side in the 1930s.
Tenzing also took part in other climbs in various parts of the Indian subcontinent, and for a time in the early 1940s he lived in what is now Pakistan; he said that the most difficult climb he ever took part in was on Nanda Devi East, where a number of people were killed.
In 1947, he took part in an unsuccessful summit attempt. An eccentric Englishman Earl Denman, Ange Dawa Sherpa, and himself entered Tibet illegally to attempt the mountain; the attempt ended when a strong storm at 22,000 ft pounded them. Denman admitted defeat and all three turned around and safely returned.
In 1952, he took part in two Swiss expeditions led by Raymond Lambert, the first serious attempts to climb Everest from the southern Nepalese side, during which he and Lambert reached the then record height of 8,599 m (28,215 ft).
[szerkesztés] A Mount Everest meghódítása
In 1953, he took part in John Hunt's expedition, his own seventh expedition to Everest, in which he and Hillary became the first to reach the summit. Afterwards he was met with adulation in India and Nepal, and even literally worshipped by some people who believed he must be an incarnation of Buddha or Shiva.
Tenzing and Hillary were the first people to conclusively set their feet on the summit of Mount Everest, but journalists were persistently repeating the question which of the two men had the right to the glory of being the first one, and who was merely the second, the follower.
Tenzing stressed the unity of such teams and of their achievements, shrugged off the allegation of being ever pulled by anyone, but disclosed that Hillary was the first to put his foot on the summit. He concluded: "If it is a shame to be the second man on Mount Everest, then I will have to live with this shame."[1]
[szerkesztés] Magánélete
Tenzing was married three times. His first wife, Dawa Phuti, died young in 1944. With her he had a son, Nima Dorje, who died at the age of four, and two daughters: Pem Pem, who had a son Tashi Tenzing who climbed Everest, and Nima, who married a Filipino graphic designer, Noli Galang. His second wife was Ang Lahmu, a cousin of his first wife. They had no children, but she acted as stepmother to his daughters. His third wife was Dakku, whom he married while his second wife was still alive, as allowed by Sherpa custom, and with her he had his sons Jamling and Norbu. Other relatives include his nephews, Nawang Gombu and Topgay, who took part in the 1953 Everest expedition.
[szerkesztés] Az Everest után
Tenzing later became director of field training for the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute in Darjeeling. In 1978, he founded a company, Tenzing Norgay Adventures, that offers trekking in the Himalaya. As of 2003, the company was run by his son Jamling Tenzing Norgay, who himself reached the summit of Everest in 1996. Tenzing died in Darjeeling (now Darjiling), West Bengal, India in 1986.
[szerkesztés] References
- ↑ Tenzing Norgay and James Ramsey Ullman, Man of Everest (1955, first published as Tiger of the Snows)
- Tenzing Norgay and Malcolm Barnes After Everest (1978)
- Everest Exposed (an account of the 1953 expedition)
- Tashi Tenzing and Judy Tenzing, Tenzing Norgay and the Sherpas of Everest
- Ed Webster, Snow in the Kingdom (2000)
[szerkesztés] Külső hivatkozások
- article on him from Royal Geographical Society
- entry from people database
- Tenzing Norgay Adventures


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