John C. Mather - Wikipedia

# John C. Mather

### From Wikipedia

John C. Mather di NASA

John Cromwell Mather (lahir pada 1946), adalah merupakan seorang ahli astrofiizik dan ahli kosmologi Amerika Syarikat.

Beliau merupakan seorang ahli astrofiizik veteran di NASA bertempat di Pusat Penerbangan Angkasa Goddard di Maryland dan professor "adjunct" fizik di University of Maryland, College Park. Beliau telah dianugerahkan Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik 2006, berkongsi dengan George F. Smoot kerana "penemuan mereka terhadap bentuk jasad hitam dan anisotrofi of the latarbelakang sinaran gelombang mikro kosmik". Penemuan ini membantu mengukuhkan teori Big-bang alam semesta denan menggunakan satelit COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) dan telah memulakan era "ketepatan kosmologi", merujuk kepada ahli kosmologi University of Chicago, Michael Turner. [1]

## [Sunting] Biografi

### [Sunting] Permulaan penyelidikan dan pendidikan

- 1968 B.A. (Physics), Swarthmore College
- 1974 Ph.D. (Physics), University of California, Berkeley

### [Sunting] Penglibatan dalam COBE

Peta naik-turun CMB yang dijumpai oleh COBE.

Kejayaan COBE adalah hasil kerja kumpulan yang melibatkan lebih daripada 1,000 penyelidik-penyelidik, jurutera-jurutera dan ahli-ahli yang lain. John Mather menyusun/ mengkoordinasi keseluruhan proses dan juga mempunyai tanggungjawab utama bagi eksperimen yang telah mendedahkan bentuk jasad hitam dalam sinaran gelombang mikro yang telah diukur oleh COBE. George Smoot juga mempunyai tanggungjawab mengukur variasi-variasi yang ekcil dalam suhu gelombang tersebut.[2].

He chronicled his team's work in a book for the general public. The book, The Very First Light: The True Inside Story of the Scientific Journey Back to the Dawn of the Universe [3] was co-written with John Boslough, and published in 1996.

### [Sunting] Projek terkini

## [Sunting] Anugerah

- Open Scholarship (honorary), Swarthmore, 1964-68
- William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, 1967, 30th place nationwide
- NSF Fellowship and honorary Woodrow Wilson Fellowship 1968-70
- Hertz Foundation Fellowship, 1970-74
- John C. Lindsay Memorial Award (NASA-GSFC), 1990
- Rotary National Space Achievement Award, 1991
- National Air and Space Museum Trophy, 1991
- Aviation Week and Space Technology Laurels, 1992, for Space/Missiles
- Discover Magazine Technology Award finalist, 1993
- American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Science Award, 1993
- Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics, American Astronomical Society and American Institute of Physics, 1993 (presented Jan. 1994)
- Goddard Fellow, 1994, GSFC
- Honorary Doctor of Science Degree, Swarthmore College, 1994
- John Scott Award, City of Philadelphia, 1995
- Rumford Prize, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1996
- Fellow, American Physical Society, 1996
- Hall of Fame, Aviation Week and Space Technology, 1997
- Member, National Academy of Sciences, 1997
- Marc Aaronson Memorial Prize, 1998
- Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1998
- Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics, Franklin Institute, 1999
- George W. Goddard Award, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2005
- Cosmology Prize, with COBE Team, Peter Gruber Foundation, 2006
- Nobel Prize in Physics, 2006

## [Sunting] Pautan luar

- Interview with John Mather in SPIE's oemagazine
- Short biography at the Goddard Space Flight Center
- Berkeley lab article

## [Sunting] Rujukan

1. ↑ Dennis Overbye (2006-10-03). 2 Americans Win Nobel Physics Prize. 'New York Times'. Dicapai pada 2006-10-05.
2. ↑ Press release: Pictures of a newborn Universe
3. ↑ The Very First Light: The True Inside Story of the Scientific Journey Back to the Dawn of the Universe, by John C. Mather and John Boslough, Basic Books edition (November 1998) ISBN 046501576X

Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik: Laureates

1901: Röntgen 02: Lorentz, Zeeman 03: Becquerel, P.Curie, M.Curie 04: Rayleigh 05: Lenard 06: Thomson 07: Michelson 08: Lippmann 09: Marconi, Braun 10: van der Waals 11: Wien 12: Dalén 13: Kamerlingh Onnes 14: von Laue 15: W.L.Bragg, W.H.Bragg 17: Barkla 18: Planck 19: Stark 20: Guillaume 21: Einstein 22: N.Bohr 23: Millikan 24: Siegbahn 25: Franck, Hertz 26: Perrin 27: Compton, Wilson 28: Richardson 29: de Broglie 30: Raman 32: Heisenberg 33: Schrödinger, Dirac 35: Chadwick 36: Hess, Anderson 37: Davisson, Thomson 38: Fermi 39: Lawrence 43: Stern 44: Rabi 45: Pauli 46: Bridgman 47: Appleton 48: Blackett 49: Yukawa 50: Powell 51: Cockcroft, Walton 52: Bloch, Purcell 53: Zernike 54: Born, Bothe 55: Lamb, Kusch 56: Shockley, Bardeen, Brattain 57: Yang, T.D.Lee 58: Cherenkov, Frank, Tamm 59: Segrè, Chamberlain 60: Glaser 61: Hofstadter, Mössbauer 62: Landau 63: Wigner, Goeppert‑Mayer, Jensen 64: Townes, Basov, Prokhorov 65: Tomonaga, Schwinger, Feynman 66: Kastler 67: Bethe 68: Alvarez 69: Gell‑Mann 70: Alfvén, Néel 71: Gabor 72: Bardeen, Cooper, Schrieffer 73: Esaki, Giaever, Josephson 74: Ryle, Hewish 75: A.Bohr, Mottelson, Rainwater 76: Richter, Ting 77: Anderson, Mott, van Vleck 78: Kapitsa, Penzias, Wilson 79: Glashow, Salam, Weinberg 80: Cronin, Fitch 81: Bloembergen, Schawlow, Siegbahn 82: Wilson 83: Chandrasekhar, Fowler 84: Carlo Rubbia, van der Meer 85: von Klitzing 86: Ruska, Binnig, Rohrer 87: Bednorz, Müller 88: Lederman, Schwartz, Steinberger 89: Ramsey, Dehmelt, Paul 90: Friedman, Kendall, Taylor 91: de Gennes 92: Charpak 93: Hulse, Taylor 94: Brockhouse, Shull 95: Perl, Reines 96: D.Lee, Osheroff, Richardson 97: Chu, Cohen‑Tannoudji, Phillips 98: Laughlin, Störmer, Tsui 99: 't Hooft, Veltman 2000: Alferov, Kroemer, Kilby 01: Cornell, Ketterle, Wieman 02: Davis, Koshiba, Giacconi 03: Abrikosov, Ginzburg, Leggett 04: Gross, Politzer, Wilczek 05: Glauber, Hall, Hänsch 06: Mather, Smoot

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Kategori: Ahli fizik Amerika Syarikat | Pemenang Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik | Orang NASA | Kelahiran 1946

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