സംവാദം:റോമന്‍ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക്/archive - വിക്കിപീഡിയ

# സംവാദം:റോമന്‍ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക്/archive

### വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.

< സംവാദം:റോമന്‍ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക്

റിപ്പബ്ലിക്കിനെ ഗണതന്ത്രം എന്നാണ് പറയുക. തലക്കെട്ടില്‍ അങ്ങനെ വല്ലതും മാറ്റം. ആരെങ്കിലും? --ചള്ളിയാന്‍ 13:39, 17 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

  അതു സംസ്കൃതമല്ലേ? മലയാളത്തില്‍ പൊതുവായി ഉപയോഗിക്കാറുണ്ടോ?--Vssun 12:00, 18 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

അല്ല മലയാളത്തിലും ഹിന്ദിയിലും ഒക്കെ അങ്ങനെ തന്നെ. ref: എം.ആര്‍. രാഘവവാരിയര്‍; ചരിത്രത്തിലെ ഇന്ത്യ. മാതൃഭൂമി പ്രിന്റിംഗ് ആന്‍റ് പബ്ലിഷിംഗ് കമ്പനി ലിമിറ്റഡ്, കോഴിക്കോട്. 1997. --ചള്ളിയാന്‍ 04:36, 19 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

  എന്തോ ഗണതന്ത്രം അത്ര ദഹിക്കുന്നില്ല.. ഉപയോഗിച്ചു തുടങ്ങിയാല്‍ ശരിയായിക്കോളും അല്ലേ? --Vssun 07:02, 19 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

  റിപ്പബ്ലിക് ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യ എന്നത് ഭാരത ഗണതന്ത്ര രാഷ്ട്രം എന്നൊക്കെ എഴുതികണ്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്, റിപ്പബ്ലിക് ദിനത്തിനെ ഗണതന്ത്ര ദിനം എന്നും പറഞ്ഞു കേട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട് . - ടക്സ്‌ എന്ന പെന്‌ഗ്വിന്‍ 06:35, 20 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

ഗണതന്ത്രദിവസ് എന്നാണ് ഹിന്ദിയില്‍ പറയുന്നത്--Vssun 08:24, 24 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

## [തിരുത്തുക] അലക്സാണ്ടര്‍

ലോകത്തിലുണ്ടായിട്ടുള്ള ഏറ്റവും സമര്‍ത്ഥനും ധീരനുമായ യുദ്ധവീരന്മാരിലൊരാളായ) മഹാനായ അലക്സാണ്ടറുടെ മാസിഡോണിയ ഭരിച്ചിരുന്നത്. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മരണശേഷം (ക്രി.മു.320) അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ സേനാനായകന്മാരും പ്രഭുക്കന്മാരും രാജ്യം പങ്കുവക്കാന്‍ തുടങ്ങി :ഈ വാചകം മനസ്സിലാവുന്നില്ലല്ലോ--Vssun 07:03, 19 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

ലോകത്തിലുണ്ടായിട്ടുള്ള ഏറ്റവും സമര്‍ത്ഥനും ധീരനുമായ യുദ്ധവീരന്മാരിലൊരാളായ മഹാനായ അലക്സാണ്ടര്‍ ആണ് മാസിഡോണിയ ഭരിച്ചിരുന്നത്

  എന്നു മുതല്‍? (വായിക്കുമ്പോള്‍ ഈ ചോദ്യം മനസില്‍ വരുന്നു ചള്ളിയാനേ..)--Vssun 08:22, 24 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

ക്രി.മു. 337 മുതല്‍ 323 വരെ. വേണമെങ്കില്‍ പ്രധാനലേഖനത്തില്‍ ചേര്‍ക്കാം പക്ഷേ അത് അപ്രസക്തമാണ് എന്ന് ഞാന്‍ കരുതുന്നു. അത് അലക്സാണ്ടര്‍ എന്ന ലേഖനത്തില്‍ കൊടുക്കാം --ചള്ളിയാന്‍ 13:39, 26 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

## [തിരുത്തുക] പെബ്ലിയന്മാര്‍/പ്ലിബിയന്മാര്‍

ഏതാണ് ശരി ചള്ളിയാനേ?--Vssun 17:19, 26 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

  പബ്ലിക് എന്ന വാക്ക് ഇതില്‍ നിന്നായിരിക്കണം ഉരുത്തിരിഞ്ഞതെന്നനുമാനിക്കാം അങ്ങനെ നോക്കുമ്പോള്‍ പെബ്ലിയന്മാരോണോ ശരി എന്ന് എനിക്ക് ഒരു തോന്നല്‍..--Vssun 16:51, 27 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

## [തിരുത്തുക] വര്‍ഷം

ആദ്യ ഖണ്ഡിക നോക്കൂ..

  ഏകാധിപത്യത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തോടെ അതായത് ക്രി.മു.509-ല്‍ ആരംഭിക്കുകയും

ഇത് തെറ്റല്ലേ? ക്രിസ്തുവര്‍ഷം 510-ല്‍ അല്ലേ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്കിന്റെ ആരംഭം? --Vssun 19:58, 26 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

എന്റെ ചോദ്യം ചള്ളിയാന് വ്യക്തമായില്ലെന്നു തോന്നുന്നു. BC 509 ആണോ AD 510 ആണോ ശരി എന്നാണ് എന്റെ ചോദ്യം. ഏ.ഡി. 510 എന്ന് ഇന്‍ഫോബോക്സിലും ബി.സി. 509 എന്ന് ആദ്യഖണ്ഡികയിലും കാണുന്നു.--Vssun 16:50, 27 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC)

## [തിരുത്തുക] ഈഡില്‍/അയഡിലെ

ഏതാണു ശരി? --Vssun 20:05, 26 ജനുവരി 2007 (UTC) ട്രിബ്യൂണ്മാര്‍/ട്രിബ്യൂണുകള്‍ ??

## [തിരുത്തുക] നാഴികകല്ലുകള്‍ ആരെങ്കിലും തര്‍ജ്ജമ ചെയ്യുമോ?

510 Expulsion of the last Tarquinian king, Tarquinius Superbus. Brutus liberates Rome. Establishment of a republic headed by two praetors (later called consuls) elected annually

509 Treaty between Rome and Carthage

507 Consecration of the Temple of Jupiter on the Capitol

504 Migration of the Sabine Claudii clan to Rome

501 Appointment of the first dictator

496 Battle of Lake Regillus between Rome and Latin League

494 First secession of the plebeians on the Mons Sacer, several miles from Rome. Creation of the tribunes of the people.

493 Treaty with the Latins

491 Coriolanus impeached and condemned to exile

486 Wars with the Aequi and Volsci begin (continue with many intervals for the next fifty years)

482-474 War with Veii

479 Veii wins the Battle of Cremera

474 The Greek city-states in Italy win a naval battle at Cumae and crush Etruscan power in Campania

471 Creation of the concilium Plebis. Office of the tribunes officially recognized

457 Aequi win Battle at Mt. Algidus. Cincinnatus becomes dictator for sixteen days and rescues remaining Roman army

c. 451 Decemvirs tyrants of Rome. Code of the Twelve Tables lays the basis for Roman law

449 Fall of the decemvirs. Powers of the tribunes defined.

447 Quaestors elected by the people

443 Censorship established

431 Decisive defeat of the Aequi at Mt. Algidus

428 Rome conquers Fidenae (from Veii)

421 Quaestors increased to four, open to plebeians

c. 396 The Roman dictator Camillus conquers Veii, one of the principal Etruscan centers, after long siege. Introduction of military pay. Peace with the Volsci.

390 (or 387!) Romans defeated by the Gauls under Brennus at the Battle of Allia. Gauls sack Rome, only the Capitol is defended by the citizenry

388 Aequi defeated at Bola

386-5 Latins, Volsci and Hernici defeated

381 Tusculum conquered

c. 378 Erection of the Roman city wall traditionally but erroneously credited to King Servius Tullius, who reigned two centuries earlier

377 Latins defeated after their capture of Satricum

367 Lex Liciniae Sextiae: Consulship restored, plebeians admitted to the office of consul

366 First plebeian consul

361 Romans capture Ferentinum

359 Revolt of Tarquinii

358 Treaty with Latins

357 Maximum amount of interest fixed. Falerii revolts. Gauls raid Latium.

356 First plebeian dictator

354 Alliance of Rome and Samnites

353 Caere defeated

351 First plebeian censor

349 Gallic raid checked

346 Defeat of Antium and Satricum

348 Treaty with the Carthaginians

343-1 First Samnite War, Romans occupy northern Campania

340-338 Latin War: Rome conquers the seaport of Antium

338 Latin League dissolved. Many cities granted full or partial citizenship

337 First plebeian praetor

334 Alexander of Macedon begins his eastward campaign

332 Treaty with Tarentum (possibly 303 BC)

c. 330 Colony founded at Ostia

329 Privernum captured

328 Etruria and Campania annexed

326-304 Second Samnite War: Rome increases its influence in southernmost Italy

321 Samnites entrap and defeat Roman army at Caudine Forks. Romans forced to accept a truce. Rome surrenders Fregellae

c. 320 Colonies founded: Luceria (314, Canusium (318), Alba Fucens (303), Carsioli (298), Minturnae (296), Sinuessa (296), thus extending Roman sway into Apulia, the Abruzzi, and southern Italy

315 Luceria captured. Samnite victory at Lautulae. Capua revolts and joins Samnites

314 Roman victory at Tarracina. Capua conquered

313 Fregellae and Sora captured

312 Censorship of Appius Claudius. Via Appia, connecting Rome and Capua, and Aqua Appia begun

310 Treaties with Cortona, Perusia and Arretium

307 Revolt of Hernici

306 Anagnia conquered and granted limited citizenship

304 Aequi defeated. Under the censor Fabius Maximus Rullianus landless new citizens are assigned to four tribes in the city

300 Lex Ogulnia: plebeians admitted to priestly offices

298-290 Third Samnite War: Rome becomes all-powerful in southern Italy

298 Rome captures Bovanium Vetus and Aufidena

295 Roman victory over Samnites, Gauls and Umbirnas at Sentinum

294 Samnite victory at near Luceria

293 Roman victory over Samnites at Aquilona

292 Falerii conquered

291 Venusia conquered

290 The Sabines submit to Roman rule and receive limited citizenship. Peace with Samnites.

287 Lex Hortensia: conflict between social orders placated by conceding same voting rights to all

283 Boii defeated at Lake Vadimo

282 Rome conquers territory still held by the Gauls along the Adriatic, Roman Fleet attacked by Tarentum

280-275 War against king Phyrrus of Epirus

280 Phyrrus lands in Italy and defeats Romans at Heraclea

279 Roman defeat at Battle of Asculum

278 Roman treaty with Carthage. Pyrrhus leaves Italy for Sicily.

275 Pyrrhus returns to Italy but is defeated near Malventum and leaves Italy for good.

272 Surrender of Tarentum

270 Capture of Rhegium

269 Earliest Roman minting of coins

268 Picentes conquered and granted limited citizenship

267 War with Sallentini. Capture of Brundisium

266 Apulia and Messapia reduced to alliance

264 Introduction of gladiatorial shows in Rome. Capture of Volsinii. Roman alliance with Mamertines.

264-241 First Punic War: Rome comes to the defence of the Greek cities in Sicily against Carthage

263 Hiero of Syracuse becomes ally of Romei

262 Capture of Agrigentum

261-260 Rome builds fleet

260 Naval victory of Mylae. Capture of Rhegium

259 Roman occupation of Corsica

257 Naval victory of Tyndaris

256 Naval victory of Ecnomus. Romans land in Africa

255 Romans defeated in Africa. Naval victory off Cape Hermaeum. Fleet wrecked off Pachynus

254 Capture of Panormus

253 Roman fleet wrecked of Palinurus

250 Victory at Panormus. Siege of Lilybaeum

249 Carthaginian naval victory at Drepana

247 Hamilcar Barca begins Carthaginian offensive in western Sicily

241 Naval victory off Aegates Insulae. Peace with Carthage. Occupation of Sicily which is made a Roman province. Construction of the Via Aurelia from Rome to Pisa

238 Romans oust Carthaginians from Sardinia and Corsica

237 Hamilcar goes to Spain

236 Gallic raids in northern Italy

230 Hasdrubal succeeds Hamilcar in Spain

229 First Illyrian War Roman influence established on Illyrian coast

226 Treaty defining river Iberus (Ebro) as border of influence between Rome and Carthage

225-222 Celtic War: conquest of Cisalpine Gaul

225 Invading Gauls defeated at Telamon

223 Flaminius defeats insubres

222 Battle of Clastidium. Surrender of Insubres

221 Hannibal succeeds Hasdrubal in Spain

220 Censorship of Flaminius. Via Flaminia begun

219 Second Illyrian War. Conquest of Illyria. Hannibal captures Saguntum.

218-201 Second Punic War

218 Hannibal crosses Alps and arrives in northern Italy. Battle of Ticinus and Battle of Trebia.

217 Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. Naval victory off river Iberus (Ebro)

216 Roman defeat at Cannae. Capua revolts.

215 Hannibal in southern Italy. Alliance of Carthage with Philip of Macedon and with Syracuse after death of Hiero. Hasdrubal defeated at Dertosa.

214-205 First Macedonian War

213 Hannibal occupies Tarentum (except for the citadel). Roman siege of Syracuse.

212 Siege of Capura

211 Introduction of the denarius coin. Hannibal's march on Rome. Fall of Capua and Syracuse. Defeat of the Scipios in Spain.

210 Fall of Agrigentum. Scipio lands in Spain.

209 Recapture of Tarentum. Capture of Carthago Nova.

208 Death of Marcellus. Battle of Baecula.

207 Hasdrubal defeated at Metaurus

206 Battle of Ilipa near Seville: Carthaginian rule collapses in Spain

205 Scipio in Sicily.

204 Cult stone of the mother goddess brought from Asia Minor to Rome. Scipio lands in Africa.

203 Scipio defeats Syphax and wins battle of the Great Plains. Hannibal recalled to Carthage. Mago defeated in Gaul.

202 Scipio's victory at Zama. Rome succeeds Carthage as ruler of the western Mediterranean. Aggressions of Philip and Antiochus.

200-197 Second Macedonian War

197 Macedonians war ends with defeat of Philip V by T. Quinctius Flamininus at Cynoscephalae. Spain organized into two provinces. Revolt of Turdenati in Spain. Antiochus occupies Ephesus.

196 Marcus Porcius Cato consul

195 Hannibal exiled, joins Antiochus. Masinissa starts raids on Carthaginian territoty.

192-188 Rome wars against King Antiochus II of Seleucia

191 Antiochus defeated at Thermopylae. Antiochus' fleet defeated off Corycus.

190 The Scipios in Greece. Antiochus' fleet defeated.

189 Antiochus defeated at Magnesia, Campanians enrolled as citizens. Fall of Ambracia. Peace with Aetolia. Manlius raids Galatia/

188 Peace of Apamea means end of war with Antiochus

187 Construction of Via Aemilia and Via Flaminia

184 Cato censor.

184/3 Death of Scipio

183/2 Death of Hannibal

181-179 First Celtiberian War

179 Accession of Perseus to the throne of Macedon

172 Two plebeian consuls in office for the first time

171-168 Third Macedonian War

168 Defeat of Macedonian King Perseus at Pydna

167 Epirus plundered. Macedon divided into four parts, Illyricum into four.

157-155 Campaigns in Dalmatia and Pannonia

154-138 Lusitanian War

153-151 Second Celtiberian War

151 Carthage declares war on Masinissa

149-146 Third Punic War

149 Siege of Carthage begun. Rising of Andriscus in Macedonia.

147 Scipio Aemilianus takes Carthage. Macedonia annexed as a Roman province

146 Destruction of Carthage. Africa annexed as a province. Achaean War: Rome wars against the league of Greek cities. Corinth destroyed by the Romans

143-133 Third Celtiberian War (also called Numantine War)

142 Censorship of Scipio Aemilianus. Stone bridge over the Tiber.

137 Defeat and surrender of Mancinus in Spain

135-132 Slave War in Sicily

134 Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus becomes people's tribune in the absence of the Consul Scipio Aemilianus. His assassination in 133 sparks open class conflict in Rome

133 King Attalus II bequeaths Pergamum by Testament to Rome. Scipio Aemilianus sacks Numantia and settles Spain.

129 Death of Scipio Aemilianus. Province of Asia organized.

124 War against Arverni and Allobroges in Gaul

123 First tribunate of Gaius Gracchus

122 Second tribunate of Gaius Gracchus

121 Civil disorder in Rome. Gaius Gracchus killed. Many followers of the Gracchi are executed. Defeat of the Arverni and Allobroges. Gallia Narbonensis becomes a Roman province.

119 Marius tribune. Abolition of the Gracchan land commission.

116 Senatorial commission despatched to Numidia to mediate on succession.

113-101 Cimbri and Teutones invade Roman territories

113 Cn. Carbo defeated at Noreia by the Cimbri

112-106 Jughurtine War

112 Jugurtha sacks Cirta. War declared on Jughurta.

110 War in Africa.

109 Metellus gains some successes against Jughurta

107 Marius elected consul, succeeds Metellus for command in Africa and captures Capsa. Cassius defeated by Tigurini in Gaul.

106 Birth of Cicero and Pompey. Marius advances into western Numidia. Bocchus of Mauretania surrenders Jughurta to Sulla.

105 Cimbri and Teutones destroy Roman armies at Arausio.

104-100 Second Sicilian slave war.

104 Marius consul second time, reorganizes Roman army.

103 Marius consul third time. Land allotments for Marius' veterans. Marius trains army in Gaul.

102 Marius consul fourth time, defeats Teutones near Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence). M. Antonius sent to Cilicia to deal with pirates.

101 Marius consul fifth time. Marius and Catullus defeat Cimbri at Vercellae (Vercelli).

100 Marius consul sixth time. Rioting in Rome. Marius restores order. Birth of Julius Caesar.

98 Marius leaves Rome for Asia. Revolt in Lusitania

96 Ptolemy Aion bequeaths Cyrene to Rome by testament

95 Mithridates ordered out of Paphlagonia and Cappadocia.

91-89 Social War between Rome and its Italian allies

90 Roman setbacks in Social War. Lex Julia: Latins, Etruscans, and Umbrians remaining loyal to Rome are given Roman citizenship.

89-85 Fisrt Mithridatic War. - War with Mithridates VI of Pontus over his territorial ambitions.

89 Victories of Strabo and Sulla. Lex Plautia Papiria: Roman citizenship conceded to all allies south of the Po.

88 Proposal to transfer command in Asia from Sulla to Marius by tribune Sulpicius Rufus. Sulla seizes Rome. Mithridates overruns Asia Minor.

87 Cinna and Marius in control of Rome, massacre Sulla's supporters. Sulla lands in Greece and besieges Athens.

87-84 Consulships of Cinna

86 Marius consul seventh time, dies. Sulla conquers Athens, defeat Mithridates armies at Chaeronea and Orchomenus.

85 Treaty of Dardanus with Mithridates.

84 Cinna killed. Carbo sole consul.

83-82 Second Mithridatic War

83 Sulla lands in Italy. Murena begins Second Mithridatic War

82 Civil War in Italy. Sulla victorious. Proscribtions in Rome. Sertorius leaves for Spain. Pompeu crushes Sulla's opponents in Sicily.

81 Sulla dictator. Constiturional reforms. Pompey defeats Marians in Africa. Sertorius driven out of Spain.

80 Sertorius lands in Spain again.

79 Sulla resigns dictatorship. Sertorius defeats Metellus Pius

78 Death of Sulla. P.Servilis starts three year campaign against pirates

77 Pompey oppointed against Sertorius

76 Sertorius victorious against Metellus and Pompey

75/74 Death of Nicomededs who bequeaths Bithynia to Rome

74-64 Third Mithradatic War

74 Cyrene made Roman province. M. Antonius given commmand against the pirates. Mithridates invades Bithynia; Lucullus sent against him.

73-71 Third Slave War

73 Rising of Spartacus at Capua. Lucullus relievesCyzicus, defeats Mithridates.

72 Successes of Spartacus. Assassination of Sertorius. Pompey victorious in Spain. Lucullus campaigns against Mithridates in Pontus. M.Antonius defeated by pirates of Crete.

71 Crassus defeats Spartacus. Lucullus defeats Mithridates, who flees to king Tigranes of Armenia.

70 First consulship of P{ompey and Crassus. Restoriation of tribunician powers (suppressed by Sulla). Birth of Virgil

69 Lucullus invades Armenia, captures its capital Tigranocerta

68 Mithridates returns to Pontus. Discontent in Lucullus army.

67Pompey handed command against pirates. Pompey clears pirates from the Mediterranean.

66 Pompey given command against Mithridates, who is finally defeated. Pompey campaigns in Caucasus. Birth of Horace.

64 Pompey annexes Syria

63 Cicero consul. Caesar elected pontifex maximus. Seizure of Jerusalem by Pompey. Cataline Conspiracy. Death of Mithridates. Birth of Octavian.

62 Defeat and death of Catalina. Pompey settles matters in the east, returns to Italy and disbands his army.

61 Caesar governor of Further Spain. Revolt of the Allobroges. Aedui appeal to Rome.

60 Caesar returns from Spain, first triumvirate between Casesar, Crassus and Pompey.

59 Caesar consul. Pompey marries Caesar's daughter Julia. Caesar given proconsulship of Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum; senate adds Transalpine Gaul to this.

58-51 Caesar's campaigns in Gaul

58 Tribunate of Clodius - corn law. Cicero exiled. Cyprus annexed. Caesar defeats Helvetii and Ariovistos

57 Clodius and Milo riot in Rome. Return of Cicero. Caesar defeats Nervii and other Belgae

56 Conference of the triumvirs at Luca.

55 Second consulship of Crassus and Pompey. First stone theatre of Rome, built by Pompey on the Campus Martius. Caesar bridges the Rhine, invades Germany, then Britain.

54 Pompey, near Rome, governs Spain through legates. Death of Julia. Caesar's second expedition to Britain. revolt in north eastern Gaul. Crassus prepares for Parthian campaign.

53 Rioting in Rome. Battle of Carrhae: Roman army defeated by the Parthians, Crassus killed, the Roman army standards taken as booty

52 Milo kills Clodius. Trial of Milo. Pompey sole consul. Revolt of Vercingetorix in Gaul. Siege of Alesia, Caesar victorious.

51 Parthian invasion of Syria

49-45 Civil War - Julius Caesar fighting the Pompeians

49 On January 10 Caesar crosses the Rubicon and marches on Rome in defiance of the Senate. Pompey leaves for Greece. Caesar dictator fir first time, for eleven days, passes emergency legislation. Caesar in Spain, defeats Pompeians.

48-47 Caesar becomes involved in Egyptian dynastic struggles

48 Caesar consul for second time.Caesar crosses to Greece, defeats Pompey at Pharsalus. Pompey flees to Egypt where he is stabbed to death on landing. Caesar in Egypt. Alexandrine War. Caesar makes Cleopatra queen of Egypt.

47 Caesar dictator for second time in his absence. Caesar defeats King Pharnaces II of Pontus. Caesar returns to Rome, then leaves for Africa.

46 Caesar crushes surviving Pompeian forces under Scipio and Cato at Thapsus. Caesar dictator second time, consul third time. Cato commits suicide. Caesar returns to Rome, reforms calendar. Caesar leaves for Spain.

45 Caesar dictator third time, consul fourth time. In battle at Munda in Spain the last Roman Republican resistance is crushed

44 Caesar dictator fourth time (for life), consul fifth time. March 15, Caesar murdered by Brutus, Cassius, and their co-conspirators acting for the Republicans. Octavian returns from Greece.

43 Second Triumvirate: Anthony, Octavian, Lepidus. Proscriptions. Cicero is murdered

42 Julius Caesar deified. Sextus Pompeius controls Sicily. Battle of Philippi: the Triumvirate defeat Brutus and Cassius, both of whom take their own lives

41 Antony visits Asia Minor, then Alexandria.

40 Agreement at Brunidisum divides the Roman empire. Antony marries Octavia. Parthian invasion of Syria.

39 Agreement at misenum between Antony, Octavian and Sextus Pompeius. Parthian defeated at Mt Amanus.

38 Naval successes of Sextus Pompeius. Defeat of Parthians at Gindarus. Antony captures Samosata.

37 Pact of Tarentum; triumvirate renewed. Antony marries Cleopatra at Antioch.

36 Octavian granted tribunician immunity. Sextus Pompeius defeated at Naulochus. Lepidus ceases to be triumvir. Antony retreats through Armenia.

35 Octavian in Illyria. Death of Sextus Pompeius.

34 Antony celebrates triumph in Alexandria

33 Octavian consul for second time. Antony in Armenia. Antony and Cleapatra winter at Ephesus.

32 Octavia divorced by Antony. Octavian publishes Antony's will in Rome. Antony and Cleopatra in Greece.

31 Octavian consul third time. (and hereon successivly until 23 BC). September 2, Octavian defeats Antony in naval battle off Actium

30 Tribunician powers granted to Octavian. In August, Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide in Alexandria

29 Octavian celebrates his Triumph in Rome, the doors of Temple of Janus are closed, the war officially ended, many legions disbanded, and land distributed to veterans. Dedication of Temple of Divus Julius.

28 The Senate, its numbers already somewhat reduced by Octavian, grants him the title of Princeps Senatus. Census held by Octavian and Agrippa. Mausoleum of Augustus begun.

27 January 13, Octavian makes the gesture of returning command of the state to the Senate and the people of Rome, receiving in return vast provinces and most of the army as his own. Three days later the Senate confers on him great powers, numerous honors, and the title of Augustus

27-25 Augustus directs the final subjugation of Spain and the administrative reorganization of Spain and Gaul

23 The Senate grants Augustus the titles and powers of Imperium proconsulare maius and tribunicia potestas for life, thereby turning over to him complete control of the State and ending the Roman Republic

  ചള്ളിയനെ ഞാന്‍ ചെയ്യാം. അണ്ണാന്‍ കുഞ്ഞും തന്നാലായത്--Shiju Alex 05:19, 8 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2007 (UTC)

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