ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Amani - വിക്കിപീഡിയ

# ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Amani

### വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.

aAvZ-\n

1966 P-\p-h-cn 18 (ln-Pv-d: 1385) d-a-fm-³ 27þmw cm-hn-Â, sIm-Ãw Pn-Ã-bn-se ssa-\m-K¸-Ån ]-©m-b-¯n-Â th-§ F- sNdn-b {Km-a-¯n-Â, tX-he-¡c tIm-hq-À kv-Iq-Ä A-²ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp tXm-«-hm-Â a-³-kn-Â A-Ðp-Êa-Zv am-kv-ä-dp-sSbpw A-kv-am-_o-hn-bp-sSbpw B-Zy k-´m-\-am-bn-«m-bn-cp-p a-Av-Z-\n-bp-sS P-\\w. th-§ hn.hn.Fw.F-Â.]n kv-Iq-Ä, ao-em-Zn-sj-co-^v ssl-kv-Iq-Ä F-n-h-S-§-fn-Â ]T-\w \-S¯n-b a-Av-Z-\n-bp-sS {]m-[an-I a-{Z-Ê ]T-\w th-§ sF.kn.F-kv a-{Z-Ê-bn-em-bn-cpp. kv-Iq-Ä ]T-\w ]q-À-¯n-bm-¡n-b a-Av-Z-\n tX-he-¡-c _-Ê-¯p-Â C-kvemw A-d-_n-Iv tIm-f-Pn-Â ]n-Â-¡me-¯v A-³-hm-À-ti-cn Ad-_n tImf-Pv {]n-³-kn-¸-em-bn tk-h-\-a-\p-ãn-¨ sI ]n A-_q-_-¡-À l-{k-¯n-sâ in-jy-\m-bn Z-d-kv hn-Zym-`ym-kw B-cw-`n¨p. ti-jw sIm-Ãw I-®-\-Ãq-cn-\-Sp-¯p-Å ap-«-bv-¡m-hv Jp-Æ-¯p-Â C-kvemw A-d-_n-Iv tIm-f-Pn-te-¡v l-{k-¯v Ø-ew am-dn-b-t¸m-Ä a-Av-Z-\nbpw Iq-sS t]mbn. ti-jw sIm-Ãw sIm-Ãq-À hn-f a-Av-Z-\p-Â D-eqw A-d-_n-Iv tIm-f-Pn-te-¡v Kp-cphn-s\m-¸w amdn. A-hn-sS \n-p-am-Wv A-t±lw "a-Av-Z\n" _n-cp-Zw I-c-Ø-am-¡p-Xv. ti-jw a-e-¸p-dw ]-«n-¡m-Sv Pm-an-A: \q-cn-¿ C-kv-em-an-Iv bq-\n-th-gv-kn-än-bn-Â \npw ss^-kv _n-cp-Zw t\-Sn. tIm-«p-a-e A-_q-_-¡-À ap-kv-en-bm-À, sI sI A-_q-_-¡-À l-{k¯v, Fw Un A-Ðp-Ã ap-kv-en-bm-À, sI sI A-Ðp-Ã ap-kv-en-bm-À, B-en-¡p-«n ap-kv-en-bm-À Xp-S-§n-b-h-cm-bn-cp-p {]-Ym-\ Kp-cp-¡-•mÀ. ss{]a-dn kv-Iq-Ä hn-Zym-À-Yn B-bn-cn-¡p-t¼m-Ä X-s ]n-Xm-hn-sâ ]-cn-io-e-\-¯n-eq-sS ap-Sp-¡\m-b {]-kw-K-I-\m-bn amdn. kv-Iq-Äþa{Z-k ]-T-\ Ime-¯v {]kw-K a-Õ-c-¯n-Â [m-cm-fw k-½m-\-§-Ä hm-§n-¡q-«n. 17 h-b-kp-ap-X-Â A-dn-b-s¸-Sp- a-X-{]-`m-j-I-\m-bn amdn. ss^-kn _n-cp-Zw t\-Sn-b-t¸m-tg¡pw tI-c-f-¯n-Â G-ähpw Xn-c-¡p-Å a-X {]-`m-j-I-\m-bn amdn. ss^-kn _n-cp-Zw t\-Sn-b-Xn-\v ti-jw Ic-a-\ ap-kv-enw ]-Ån Camw B-bn Np-a-X-e-tb-ä G-Xm\pw am-k-§-Ä A-hn-sS tk-h-\-a-\p-ãn¨p. ap-¸-tXm-fw hn-Zym-À-Yn-I-fp-Å H-cp Z-dkpw \-S-¯n-bn-cpp. Xn-c-¡p-]n-Sn-¨ Po-hn-X-¯n-Â X-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\ ta-J-e H-cp a-l-Ãn-Â am{Xw H-cp-¡n \n-À-¯m-\p-Å-X-Ã F-p a-\-Ên-em¡n-b a-AvZ-\n Np-a-X-e-bn-Â \npw H-gn-hmbn. tijw Hm-¨n-d-bv-¡-Sp-¯v I-m-¸n-Â Ing-¡v H-cp sNdn-b a-l-Ãn-Â Ipd-¨p \m-Ä bm-sXm-cp {]-Xn^-ew kzo-I-cn-¡m-sX tPm-en t\m¡n. 1989 B-K-kv-äv 24\v sIm-«nb-¯v \npw a-AvZ-\n X-sâ Pohn-X ]-¦m-fn-sb I-s-¯n. F-m-Â hy-àn-]-cam-b Nn-e Im-c-W-§-fm-Â 1991Â a-AvZ-\n hnhml tam-Nn-X-\mbn. Cu _-Ô-¯n-ep-Å a-I-Ä i-ao-dm Pu-l-À C-t¸mÄ 10mw-¢m-kn-Â ]-Tn-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡pp. P-bn-en-em-b-Xn-\v ti-jw \n-ch-[n X-h-W ]n-Xm-hn-s\ k-µ-À-in-¨ a-I-Ä I-¯p-I-fn-eq-sS \n-c´-cw ]n-Xm-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸«p-sIm-n-cn-¡pp. ap-kvenw D-•qe-\w e-£y-am-¡n {]-h-À-¯n-¨n-sIm-n-cp- kw-Lv-]-cn-hm-À i-àn-I-Ä-s¡-Xn-cm-b 1991Â ap-kvenw bp-h-X-bp-sS {]Xn-tcm-[-¯n-Â A-[n-ãn-Xam-b C-kv-em-an-Iv tk-hm-kw-Lv(sF.F-kv.Fkv) cq-]o-I-cn¨p. _m-_-cn¸-Ån X-I-À-¡p-Ibpw I-em-]-§-Ä A-gn-¨p-hn-«v \n-c-h-[n-t]-sc Iq-«-s¡m-e sN-¿p-Ibpw sNbv-X kw-Lv-]-cn-hm-À kw-L-S-\-I-fn-Â H-v c-v kw-L-S-\I-sf \n-tcm-[n-¨ \-c-knw-l-dm-hp K-h--sa-âv 1992 Un-kw-_À 11\v sF.F-kv.F-kn-s\bpw \n-tcm-[n¨p. a-Av-Z-\n-sb A-d-kv-äp-sN-bv-Xv Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-cw sk-³-{S-Â P-bn-en-Â A-S-¡p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp. B-À.F-kv.F-kn-s\ \n-tcm-[n-¨m-Â X-sâ {]-Øm-\w ]n-cn-¨p-hn-Sm-sa-v hm-¡v ]m-en-¨v a-AvZ-\n sF.F-kv.F-kv ]n-cn-¨p-hn«p. F--t-¡p-am-bn a-Av-Z-\n-sb \-in-¸n-¡m-\p-Å kw-Lv-]-cn-hm-À i-àn-I-fp-sS {i-aw 1992 B-K-Ìv 6\v A-t±l-s¯ hn-I-emw-K-\m-¡n am-än. A-³-h-À ti-c-bn-Â \npw \m-cnb-¯v kz-em-¯v Zp-A I-gn-ªv C-d-§n-h- a-Av-Z-\n-¡v t\-sc t_mw-_m-{Ia-Ww \-S¯n-b kw-Lv-]-cn-hm-À i-àn-IÄ-¡v A-t±-l-¯n-sâ H-cp Im-Â am-{X-ta \-ã-s¸-Sp-¯m-³ I-gn-ªpÅq. "A-h-À-®\vv A-[n-Im-cw ]o-Un-XÀ-¡p tam-N\w" F- ap-{Zm-hmIyw D-b-À-¯n. 1993 G-{]nÂ 14\v ]n.Un.]n F- cm-{ão-b I-£n-¡v a-AvZ-\n i-àam-b {]-h-À¯-\w B-cw-`n¨p. C-tXm-sSm-¸w a-AvZ-\n A-dn-b-s¸-Sp- km-aq-ly {]-h-À-¯-I-³ Iq-Sn-bm-bn-am-dn. 1987 Â X-sâ P-•-\m-Sn-t\m-sSm-¯v A-³-h-À-ti-cn-bn-Â "A-³-hm-dp-Â C-kv-emw" F- A-\m-Y-ime-¡v XpS-¡w Ipd-¨p sIm-m-bn-cp-p km-aq-ly-{]-hÀ-¯-\ ta-J-e-bn-te-¡v a-AvZ-\n Im-se-Sp-¯p-h-¨-Xv. Hm-¨n-d-bn-se {]ap-J _n-Ên-\n-Êp-Im-c\pw Zo-\n {]-h-À-¯-I-\p-am-b a-cpX-h-\ C-{_m-lnw Ip-«n km-ln-_n-sâbpw ^m¯n-a _o-hn-bp-sS-bpw a-Ifm-b "kq-^n-b"sb 1993 B-K-Ìv 5þmw Xob-Xn Hm¨n-d Su- ]-Ån-bn-Âh-¨v a-AvZ-\n \n-¡m-lv sN-bvXp. _mw-¥q-cn-Â ln-^v-fp-Â Jp-À-B-³ ]-Tn¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p- D-a-À ap-Jv-¯mdpw k-em-lp-±o-³ A-¿q-_n-bpw a-Av-Z-\n-bpsS Cu _-Ô-¯n-ep-Å c-m--a-¡-fmWv. tI-c-f cm-{ão-b-¯n-Â i-àam-b ASn-sbm-gp-¡v {in-ãn-¨ a-Av-Z-\n-sb \-in-¸n¡p-I F- e£yw ap-³-\n-À-¯n, 1992Â tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv ap-X-e-¡p-fw ssa-Xm-\n-bn-Â \-S¯n-b {]-kw-K-¯n-sâ t]-cn-Â Ik-_m kn.sF, F hn tPm-À-Pv 1998 am-À-¨v 31\v a-Av-Z-\n-sb sIm-¨n-bn-ep-Å X-sâ `-h-\am-b A-Â A-_v-dm-dn-Â \n-v A-d-kv-äp sN-bvXp. Xp-SÀ-v hf-sc B-kq-{Xn-X-am-bn tIm-b-¼-¯qÀ t_mw-_v-kv-t^m-S-\- tI-kn-Â D-Ä-s¸-Sp-¯n A-t±l-s¯ X-an-gv-\m-«n-te-¡v amän. aq-p am-k-am-bn«pw NmÀ-Pv jo-äv tIm-S-Xn-bn-Â lm-P-cm-¡n-bn-sÃ-¦n-Â kn.B-À.Un.kn ({In-an-\-Â s{]m-kn-Pn-bÀ tIm-Uv) 167(2) h-Ip-¸-\p-k-cn-¨v dn-am-âv sNbv-X tIm-S-Xn-bn-Â-\n-v kv-äm-äyq«-dn Pmayw e-`n-¡Ww. F-m-Â Pmayw e-`n-¡m-³ H-cp Znh-kw ti-jns¡ 7þ7þ1998Â a-Av-Z-\n-bp-sS ta-Â F-³.F-kv.F Npa-¯n Pmayw e-`n-¨mepw tam-Nn-X-\m-Ip-\p-Å h-gn X-an-gvm-\m-Sv k-À-¡m-À `-{Z-am-bn A-S¨p. A-tim-Iv Ip-am-À F- hm-ÀU-sd sIm-Ãm-³ {i-an¨p, P-bn-en-Â I-em-]-ap-m-¡m-³ {i-an-¨p Fm-tcm-]n¨p-sIm-v 12þ8þ1998Â tIm-b-¼-¯q-À sk-³-{S-Â P-bn-en-Â \npw a-Av-Z-\n-sb C-´y-bn-se X-s A-dn-b-s¸-Sp- ]-Wn-jv-sa-âv P-bnem-b F-«v A-Sn \o-f-hpw 11 A-Sn ho-Xnbpw am-{X-ap-Å tk-ew P-bn-en-te-bv-¡p am-än. a-AvZ-\n \n-b-a-klm-b k-an-Xn-bp-sS Im-cy-£-aam-b C-S-s]-S-Â aq-ew A-t±-l-¯n-sâ ta-Â Np-a¯n-b F-³.F-kv.F 11þ3þ99Â kp-{]ow-tImS-Xn d-±v sN-bvXp. F-n-cp-mepw \n-ch-[n X-h-W a-{Zm-kv ssl-t¡m-S-Xn-bnepw kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bnepw Pm-aym-t]-£ \-Â-In-sb-¦n-epw X-{´-]-cam-b C-S-s]-S-en-eq-sS A-sXÃmw ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯m-³ X-an-gv-\m-Sv k-À-¡m-cn-\v km-[n-¨p. a-Av-Z-\n-sb tam-Nn-¸n¡pw F- a-[p-c-hm-Kv-[m-\w \Â-In A-[n-Im-cn-¯n-tedn-b bp.Un.F-^v h-©-\m-]-cam-b \n-em-]-Sm-Wv kzo-I-cn-¨Xv. tam-Nn-¸n¡pI t]m-bn-«v 11þ9þ2002 Â A-t±-l-¯n-sâ ]n-Xm-hn-sâ D-½ a-cn-¨-t¸m-Ä ]-tcmÄ t]mepw A-\p-h-Zn-¡m-sX {Iq-c-am-bn t{Zm-ln-¡p-Im-bm-Wv Bâ-Wn k-À-¡m-À sN-bv-XXv. a-Av-Z-\n-¡v ]p-d-ta `m-cy kq-^n-sbbpw I-Å-t¡-kn-Â Ip-Sp-¡m-³ X-Â-]-c-I-£n-I-Ä {i-an¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡pp. B-gv-N-bn-Â H-cp {]m-hiyw `-À-¯m-hn-s\ P-bn-en-Â k-µ-À-in-¨n-cp- kq^n-b I-gn-ª aq-v h-À-j-am-bn `-À-¯m-hn-s\ Im-Wm-³ I-gn-bm-sX Zpx-J-t¯m-sS I-gn-bp-p. tIm-b-¼-¯q-cn-se-¯n-bm-Â Ah-sc A-d-Ìp-sN-¿m³ t]m-en-kv Im-¯n-cn-¡pp. tIm-b-¼-¯q-À tI-kn-sâ hn-Nm-c-W A-h-km-\n-¡p-Ibpw t{Im-kzn-kv-Xm-cw B-cw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp F-¦nepw a-Av-Z-\n-bp-sS tam-N-\ Im-cy-¯n-Â C-\nbpw Im-cyam-b ]p-tcmK-Xn Hpw D-m-bn-«nÃ. hn-ZymÀ-Yn Po-hn-Xw ap-X-Â k-ap-Zm-b-tk-h-\ cwK-¯v \n-d-ªp-\n- a-AvZ-\n X-sâ hmKv-t[m-c-Wn-bn-eq-sS F{Xtbm ]-Ån-Ifpw a-{Z-k-Ifpw A-d-_n-tIm-f-Pp-Ifpw b-Xow-Jm-\-Ifpw \n-À-an-¡p--Xn-\m-bn ]-W-k-am-lc-Ww \-S¯n. A-t±-l-s¯ ^m-kn-Ìv Ip-X-{´-¯n-Â Ip-Sp-¡n Im-cn-cp-¼-gn-¡p-Ån-Â A-S-¨-t¸m-Ä k-ap-Zm-bw A-t±-l-t¯m-Sv \-µn Im-Wn-t¨m? ]Þn-X t\-XrXzw I-S-a \n-À-h-ln-t¨m? tX-he-¡-c A-e-hn-¡p-ªv au-e-hnbpw Im-«q-À A-en au-e-hnbpw ]-Ån-I-fn-en-«v ^m-kn-Ìp-I-fp-sS I-c-W-§-fm-Â sh-«n-ap-dn-¡-s¸-«-t¸m-Ä Dm-b Zpx-Jhpw {]-Xn-tj-[-hp-am-Wv a-Av-Z-\nsb sF.F-kv.F-kv F- kwL-S-\ D-m-¡p--Xn-se-¯n-¨-Xv F- Imcyw ]Þn-X t\-XrXzw a-d-¡-cp-Xv. "Rm-s\mpw A-dn-ªn-Ã" F- a-«n-Â Dd-¡w \-Sn-¡p- k-apZm-b t\-Xr-Xzw, ^m-kn-k-¯n-sâ Ip-X-{´-§Ä-¡p ap-n-Â "C-p Rm-³ \m-sf \o" F- `o-Xn-Zam-b A-h-Ø-bn-Â \npw B-cpw tam-Nn-X-c-Ã F-tm-À-¡pI.

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